natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Both events underscore that the High North has top priority in Norwegian foreign policy.
Both events underscore that the High North has top priority in Norwegian foreign policy.
Arctic Frontiers has already established itself as an important conference.
Arctic Frontiers has already established itself as an important conference.
I would like to thank the organisers for bringing together such a distinguished group of participants – policy-makers, scientists and businesspeople – to share their perspectives and generate new ideas on developments in the Arctic.
I would like to thank the organisers for bringing together such a distinguished group of participants – policy-makers, scientists and businesspeople – to share their perspectives and generate new ideas on developments in the Arctic.
The power of ideas and their effect on action and practice are not always appreciated.
The power of ideas and their effect on action and practice are not always appreciated.
But as Victor Hugo reminds us, there is nothing more powerful than the idea whose time has come.
But as Victor Hugo reminds us, there is nothing more powerful than the idea whose time has come.
As regards global climate change, I believe that time is now.
As regards global climate change, I believe that time is now.
Developments in the Arctic entail both a serious warning and a call to action.
Developments in the Arctic entail both a serious warning and a call to action.
Climate change is happening twice as fast in the Arctic as elsewhere on the globe, leaving no doubt that it is man-made, serious and accelerating and that it can only be halted if we act swiftly.
Climate change is happening twice as fast in the Arctic as elsewhere on the globe, leaving no doubt that it is man-made, serious and accelerating and that it can only be halted if we act swiftly.
The Arctic is getting warmer and wetter; snow, ice and permafrost are melting; ocean levels are rising and seawater is becoming less saline and more acidic; and the ozone layer is thinning and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is increasing.
The Arctic is getting warmer and wetter; snow, ice and permafrost are melting; ocean levels are rising and seawater is becoming less saline and more acidic; and the ozone layer is thinning and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is increasing.
To use a metaphor from the fossil fuel business, in a global perspective the Arctic plays the role of the canary in the coal mine.
To use a metaphor from the fossil fuel business, in a global perspective the Arctic plays the role of the canary in the coal mine.
The world must heed its call made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) and the great communicator on climate change, Al Gore.
The world must heed its call made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) and the great communicator on climate change, Al Gore.
Climate change appears to be a self-reinforcing process and we do not know its precise outcome, neither in the Arctic region nor on a global scale.
Climate change appears to be a self-reinforcing process and we do not know its precise outcome, neither in the Arctic region nor on a global scale.
What we do know, however, is that climate change could have a number of unintended consequences for ecosystems and livelihoods in the Arctic.
What we do know, however, is that climate change could have a number of unintended consequences for ecosystems and livelihoods in the Arctic.
But the changes will reach far beyond the Arctic.
But the changes will reach far beyond the Arctic.
We know that it is the global South that will be most adversely affected by climate change.
We know that it is the global South that will be most adversely affected by climate change.
Hundreds of millions of people will be facing water shortages, hunger and coastal flooding as the world warms.
Hundreds of millions of people will be facing water shortages, hunger and coastal flooding as the world warms.
The fact is that the greatest costs of global warming will be borne by the poor who have the least responsibility for the current state of affairs.
The fact is that the greatest costs of global warming will be borne by the poor who have the least responsibility for the current state of affairs.
This also makes climate change a central issue of justice and ethics in world politics today.
This also makes climate change a central issue of justice and ethics in world politics today.
There is a growing consensus that climate change is the greatest challenge of our time.
There is a growing consensus that climate change is the greatest challenge of our time.
A credible, robust post-Kyoto negotiating process is now crucial.
A credible, robust post-Kyoto negotiating process is now crucial.
The roadmap from Bali must lead us to a new agreement in Copenhagen in 2009, for post 2012.
The roadmap from Bali must lead us to a new agreement in Copenhagen in 2009, for post 2012.
Two degrees.
Two degrees.
Our common objective in these negotiations must be to ensure that global temperatures rise by no more than two degrees.
Our common objective in these negotiations must be to ensure that global temperatures rise by no more than two degrees.
The Arctic Ocean stands at the threshold of significant changes.
The Arctic Ocean stands at the threshold of significant changes.
The rapid melting of the ice cover will have significant implications for vulnerable ecosystems and economic activity.
The rapid melting of the ice cover will have significant implications for vulnerable ecosystems and economic activity.
With serious consequences, not least for indigenous peoples.
With serious consequences, not least for indigenous peoples.
Traditional reindeer herding and the way of life of these groups of people will be harder to sustain.
Traditional reindeer herding and the way of life of these groups of people will be harder to sustain.
Secondly, Arctic climate change will impact the location, distribution and migration of fish stocks.
Secondly, Arctic climate change will impact the location, distribution and migration of fish stocks.
Some stocks may move from the coastal jurisdiction of one state to that of another.
Some stocks may move from the coastal jurisdiction of one state to that of another.
Others may move outside the jurisdiction of any state, which could impede sound fisheries management and lead to uncontrolled harvesting.
Others may move outside the jurisdiction of any state, which could impede sound fisheries management and lead to uncontrolled harvesting.
Thirdly, melting ice will affect maritime transport in the Arctic by extended navigation period and new shipping routes.
Thirdly, melting ice will affect maritime transport in the Arctic by extended navigation period and new shipping routes.
Less sea ice could also open new areas to the exploitation of petroleum and other natural resources.
Less sea ice could also open new areas to the exploitation of petroleum and other natural resources.
The new situation poses us with new questions regarding the governance in the Arctic.
The new situation poses us with new questions regarding the governance in the Arctic.
As well as of the law.
As well as of the law.
How should the Arctic be governed and by whom?
How should the Arctic be governed and by whom?
Are we witnessing a race for the Arctic?
Are we witnessing a race for the Arctic?
Is there an adequate international legal regime governing the Arctic?
Is there an adequate international legal regime governing the Arctic?
Or is the melting ice revealing a similar fluidity of legal norms and boundaries – or even a terra nullus?
Or is the melting ice revealing a similar fluidity of legal norms and boundaries – or even a terra nullus?
These are questions that need to be raised – and their answers must be based on thorough knowledge.
These are questions that need to be raised – and their answers must be based on thorough knowledge.
Thus, In October last year my Government invited legal advisors from the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean to a meeting in Oslo.
Thus, In October last year my Government invited legal advisors from the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean to a meeting in Oslo.
To discuss the law of the Arctic as it applies in todays realities.
To discuss the law of the Arctic as it applies in todays realities.
Their conclusion was that, for the time being, there is no need for a new legal regime for the Arctic.
Their conclusion was that, for the time being, there is no need for a new legal regime for the Arctic.
The UN Convention of the Law of the Sea is a cornerstone in the legal regime – also so for the Arctic Ocean.
The UN Convention of the Law of the Sea is a cornerstone in the legal regime – also so for the Arctic Ocean.
It contains detailed provisions on the rights, duties and responsibilities of states to promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, and to safeguard environmental considerations.
It contains detailed provisions on the rights, duties and responsibilities of states to promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, and to safeguard environmental considerations.
The Convention on Biological Diversity is another global agreement that is applicable to the Arctic and essential for the preservation of genetic and species diversity.
The Convention on Biological Diversity is another global agreement that is applicable to the Arctic and essential for the preservation of genetic and species diversity.
An example of a highly successful regional agreement is the Polar Bear Agreement.
An example of a highly successful regional agreement is the Polar Bear Agreement.
It was signed in 1973 when the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean joined together to promote the conservation of polar bears.
It was signed in 1973 when the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean joined together to promote the conservation of polar bears.
35 years on this agreement still remains in force and may prove invaluable in meeting current challenges.
35 years on this agreement still remains in force and may prove invaluable in meeting current challenges.
The UN Fish Stock Agreement obliges states to cooperate in the management of straddling fish-stocks.
The UN Fish Stock Agreement obliges states to cooperate in the management of straddling fish-stocks.
In the Arctic region, there are several such fisheries management organisations with the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) as a prime example.
In the Arctic region, there are several such fisheries management organisations with the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) as a prime example.
It recently increased its focus on the precautionary principle and an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management.
It recently increased its focus on the precautionary principle and an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management.
We find similar agreements in the Northwest Atlantic: the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO).
We find similar agreements in the Northwest Atlantic: the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO).
I would also like to highlight the Norwegian-Russian bilateral cooperation on managing the important fisheries resources in the Barents Sea.
I would also like to highlight the Norwegian-Russian bilateral cooperation on managing the important fisheries resources in the Barents Sea.
The International Maritime Organization and its guidelines on navigation in ice-covered areas is yet another element to complete the picture of the legal situation in the Arctic.
The International Maritime Organization and its guidelines on navigation in ice-covered areas is yet another element to complete the picture of the legal situation in the Arctic.
Allow me to dwell on this: there is no fundamental uncertainty about how the Arctic is to be governed.
Allow me to dwell on this: there is no fundamental uncertainty about how the Arctic is to be governed.
And let me be even more explicit: the planting of a Russian flag on the seabed of the North Pole last year sparked a debate over an alleged race for the Arctic.
And let me be even more explicit: the planting of a Russian flag on the seabed of the North Pole last year sparked a debate over an alleged race for the Arctic.
But it did not alter the rules and legal norms.
But it did not alter the rules and legal norms.
The flag-planting was a symbolic act of no legal standing or material consequence.
The flag-planting was a symbolic act of no legal standing or material consequence.
What matters is that states play by the book if they lay claim to continental shelves in the Arctic beyond 200 nautical miles.
What matters is that states play by the book if they lay claim to continental shelves in the Arctic beyond 200 nautical miles.
And the book they need to play by is the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the rules it sets out.
And the book they need to play by is the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the rules it sets out.
So, according to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal states automatically have a continental shelf extending to an outer limit of 200 nautical miles (377 km) unless it overlaps with that of a neighbouring state.
So, according to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, coastal states automatically have a continental shelf extending to an outer limit of 200 nautical miles (377 km) unless it overlaps with that of a neighbouring state.
In such cases there is a need to reach agreement on a delimitation line, as for example between Norway and Russia in the Barents Sea.
In such cases there is a need to reach agreement on a delimitation line, as for example between Norway and Russia in the Barents Sea.
In many cases, however, states have continental shelves that extend even further.
In many cases, however, states have continental shelves that extend even further.
In such cases the coastal state must submit documentation of this to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.
In such cases the coastal state must submit documentation of this to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.
This New York-based Commission is neither a political body nor a court, but a group of experts in the field of geology, geophysics or hydrography.
This New York-based Commission is neither a political body nor a court, but a group of experts in the field of geology, geophysics or hydrography.
Russia made its claim to the continental shelf beyond 200 miles in the Arctic in 2001.
Russia made its claim to the continental shelf beyond 200 miles in the Arctic in 2001.
The North Pole was included in that claim.
The North Pole was included in that claim.
The Commission is reviewing the Russian claim, and has reportedly asked for additional documentation.
The Commission is reviewing the Russian claim, and has reportedly asked for additional documentation.
Norway submitted its claim in November 2006.
Norway submitted its claim in November 2006.
According to our documentation, Norway’s continental shelf does not extend to the North Pole, but to approximately 84 degrees 41 minutes North.
According to our documentation, Norway’s continental shelf does not extend to the North Pole, but to approximately 84 degrees 41 minutes North.
The other coastal states in the Arctic, Denmark, Canada, and the United States, have not yet submitted their claims.
The other coastal states in the Arctic, Denmark, Canada, and the United States, have not yet submitted their claims.
For the Americans to do so, however, the US would first have to accede to the Law of the Sea Convention.
For the Americans to do so, however, the US would first have to accede to the Law of the Sea Convention.
We agree with the legal experts of the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean: there is no need for a new legal regime for the Arctic in order to improve governance in the region.
We agree with the legal experts of the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean: there is no need for a new legal regime for the Arctic in order to improve governance in the region.
The crux is thus – here as often in international law – not new law but effective implementation of existing law.
The crux is thus – here as often in international law – not new law but effective implementation of existing law.
And then we should always be open to consider new mechanisms for cooperation, if future developments so warrant.
And then we should always be open to consider new mechanisms for cooperation, if future developments so warrant.
As a coastal state Norway, is responsible for managing vast areas of ocean in the Arctic.
As a coastal state Norway, is responsible for managing vast areas of ocean in the Arctic.
Preserving eco-systems and ensuring the sustainable use of resources are core principles of all relevant Norwegian legislation and policy.
Preserving eco-systems and ensuring the sustainable use of resources are core principles of all relevant Norwegian legislation and policy.
These principles guide our approach to national petroleum legislation as well as to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and to Norway’s extensive maritime research activities.
These principles guide our approach to national petroleum legislation as well as to the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and to Norway’s extensive maritime research activities.
Ladies and gentlemen, The Arctic Council is a key institution for dealing with Arctic issues, as it is the only regional forum that includes all eight Arctic states and representatives of six indigenous peoples.
Ladies and gentlemen, The Arctic Council is a key institution for dealing with Arctic issues, as it is the only regional forum that includes all eight Arctic states and representatives of six indigenous peoples.
The system of "permanent participants" gives the indigenous peoples of the Arctic an opportunity to address the governments of the Arctic countries on an equal footing.
The system of "permanent participants" gives the indigenous peoples of the Arctic an opportunity to address the governments of the Arctic countries on an equal footing.
This cooperation is of great benefit to the governments in the Council and, we believe, to the indigenous peoples themselves.
This cooperation is of great benefit to the governments in the Council and, we believe, to the indigenous peoples themselves.
When Norway took over after Russia as chair of the Council in October 2006, we set three main priorities for our chairmanship: integrated resource management, climate change and a strengthened organisational structure.
When Norway took over after Russia as chair of the Council in October 2006, we set three main priorities for our chairmanship: integrated resource management, climate change and a strengthened organisational structure.
All the Arctic countries have a long and rich tradition of managing natural resources in this region.
All the Arctic countries have a long and rich tradition of managing natural resources in this region.
The exchange of experience and knowledge is vital in order to develop a common, integrated and ecosystem-based approach to sustainable resource management throughout the Arctic.
The exchange of experience and knowledge is vital in order to develop a common, integrated and ecosystem-based approach to sustainable resource management throughout the Arctic.
Our newly launched project on best practices in oceans management in the Arctic is a response to the need to learn from each other and increase the level of sustainability in regional resource management.
Our newly launched project on best practices in oceans management in the Arctic is a response to the need to learn from each other and increase the level of sustainability in regional resource management.
I urge all Arctic states to take active part in this project.
I urge all Arctic states to take active part in this project.
The climate change challenge has disclosed disagreement between the eight Arctic states on how to deal effectively with the changes.
The climate change challenge has disclosed disagreement between the eight Arctic states on how to deal effectively with the changes.
However, we agree that our policy in this area should be based on sound scientific knowledge.
However, we agree that our policy in this area should be based on sound scientific knowledge.
This is why we launched the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) process.
This is why we launched the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) process.
We need higher data resolution for all parts of the Arctic and we need better scenarios.
We need higher data resolution for all parts of the Arctic and we need better scenarios.
Deeper knowledge may give us the necessary mileage toward agreement on joint action.
Deeper knowledge may give us the necessary mileage toward agreement on joint action.
The Arctic Council is now preparing a major new project on the Arctic cryosphere.
The Arctic Council is now preparing a major new project on the Arctic cryosphere.
It will deal with the retreat of sea ice, the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and the reduction of permafrost and snow cover.
It will deal with the retreat of sea ice, the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and the reduction of permafrost and snow cover.
I am confident that the scientific reports from this project will provide valuable input both to the UN Climate Change Conference in 2009 and to the IPCC's fifth assessment report, due in 2013.
I am confident that the scientific reports from this project will provide valuable input both to the UN Climate Change Conference in 2009 and to the IPCC's fifth assessment report, due in 2013.
We have high ambitions for Norway’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council and want our work to be closely coordinated with the subsequent chairmanships of both Denmark and Sweden.
We have high ambitions for Norway’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council and want our work to be closely coordinated with the subsequent chairmanships of both Denmark and Sweden.
This will ensure continued focus on the same priorities for at least a six-year period, and will also facilitate the development of an institutional memory in an organisation that has no permanent body.
This will ensure continued focus on the same priorities for at least a six-year period, and will also facilitate the development of an institutional memory in an organisation that has no permanent body.
With this in view, we have established a secretariat in Tromsø for the period of the Scandinavian chairmanships.
With this in view, we have established a secretariat in Tromsø for the period of the Scandinavian chairmanships.
The secretariat has been up and running since last August.
The secretariat has been up and running since last August.
The theme of this conference, Oil and Gas – Political, Social and Scientific Challenges in the Arctic, reflects the growing importance of Arctic waters as a petroleum producing area.
The theme of this conference, Oil and Gas – Political, Social and Scientific Challenges in the Arctic, reflects the growing importance of Arctic waters as a petroleum producing area.
In an era of high energy prices, advanced offshore technologies and growing concerns about energy security, there is optimism about the resource potential of the Arctic.
In an era of high energy prices, advanced offshore technologies and growing concerns about energy security, there is optimism about the resource potential of the Arctic.
However, the optimism is also based on actual discoveries and development projects in the Barents, such as the Snøhvit and Shtokman gas fields and the Prirazlomnoye oil field.
However, the optimism is also based on actual discoveries and development projects in the Barents, such as the Snøhvit and Shtokman gas fields and the Prirazlomnoye oil field.
But the availability of supply in the Arctic also gives rise to caution.
But the availability of supply in the Arctic also gives rise to caution.
The Barents Sea is one of the cleanest, richest and most productive marine areas in the world and a pantry of fish for most of Europe.
The Barents Sea is one of the cleanest, richest and most productive marine areas in the world and a pantry of fish for most of Europe.