natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The sea ice conditions will also vary from year to year, both in time and place.
The sea ice conditions will also vary from year to year, both in time and place.
This means that regular commercial, cost-efficient logistics will be difficult, at least in the near future.
This means that regular commercial, cost-efficient logistics will be difficult, at least in the near future.
For the time being, ships going through the Northeast Passage are reliant on ice breakers.
For the time being, ships going through the Northeast Passage are reliant on ice breakers.
This represents a considerable cost, but still we are seeing more ships attempting this route.
This represents a considerable cost, but still we are seeing more ships attempting this route.
Next week, the cargo ship Nordic Barents, carrying 41 000 tonnes of iron ore concentrate, will depart from Kirkenes in the north of Norway bound for China.
Next week, the cargo ship Nordic Barents, carrying 41 000 tonnes of iron ore concentrate, will depart from Kirkenes in the north of Norway bound for China.
The ship will sail through the Northeast Passage, accompanied by two icebreakers from the Russian company Atomflot.
The ship will sail through the Northeast Passage, accompanied by two icebreakers from the Russian company Atomflot.
Knowledge is essential for addressing the important challenges that Arctic shipping entails.
Knowledge is essential for addressing the important challenges that Arctic shipping entails.
The keyword is safety of navigation.
The keyword is safety of navigation.
It is especially important to establish search and rescue services in such a large and, at times, hostile sea area.
It is especially important to establish search and rescue services in such a large and, at times, hostile sea area.
We also need regulations and standards for the design and equipment of ships operating in the Arctic, as well as clear guidelines for the training of personnel.
We also need regulations and standards for the design and equipment of ships operating in the Arctic, as well as clear guidelines for the training of personnel.
Norway is working actively through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to develop a mandatory polar code for ships operating in the Arctic region.
Norway is working actively through the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to develop a mandatory polar code for ships operating in the Arctic region.
I appreciate China’s support in this regard.
I appreciate China’s support in this regard.
These are the key drivers for change in the Arctic.
These are the key drivers for change in the Arctic.
Let us now take a look at the geographical realities.
Let us now take a look at the geographical realities.
The Arctic – unlike Antarctica – is an ocean surrounded by national states with sovereign rights to sea areas off their coasts in accordance with international law.
The Arctic – unlike Antarctica – is an ocean surrounded by national states with sovereign rights to sea areas off their coasts in accordance with international law.
The five Arctic coastal states – Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Norway, Russia and the US – also enjoy sovereign rights and have jurisdiction over maritime zones and continental shelves in accordance with the law of the sea.
The five Arctic coastal states – Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Norway, Russia and the US – also enjoy sovereign rights and have jurisdiction over maritime zones and continental shelves in accordance with the law of the sea.
The five Arctic coastal states agree that an international legal framework is already in place, namely the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
The five Arctic coastal states agree that an international legal framework is already in place, namely the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
All the Arctic coastal states abide by the Convention’s provisions, including the US, although the Convention has yet to be ratified by the US Senate.
All the Arctic coastal states abide by the Convention’s provisions, including the US, although the Convention has yet to be ratified by the US Senate.
The policies and mechanisms that are already in place will ensure that the Arctic continues to be a stable and peaceful region with good neighbourly relations.
The policies and mechanisms that are already in place will ensure that the Arctic continues to be a stable and peaceful region with good neighbourly relations.
The Arctic is also home to one of the world’s most innovative and successful forums of regional cooperation – the Arctic Council.
The Arctic is also home to one of the world’s most innovative and successful forums of regional cooperation – the Arctic Council.
The Arctic Council is made up of the five coastal states surrounding the Arctic Ocean, and the other Nordic countries.
The Arctic Council is made up of the five coastal states surrounding the Arctic Ocean, and the other Nordic countries.
The Council has proven itself to be an efficient instrument for developing guidelines, best practices and knowledge.
The Council has proven itself to be an efficient instrument for developing guidelines, best practices and knowledge.
This cooperation has been consolidated and updated over the last few years, and I believe it is important to strengthen this work further.
This cooperation has been consolidated and updated over the last few years, and I believe it is important to strengthen this work further.
In recent years, there have been extensive discussions on the role of observer states in the Arctic Council.
In recent years, there have been extensive discussions on the role of observer states in the Arctic Council.
It is Norway’s view that the Arctic Council will benefit from having officially sanctioned observers.
It is Norway’s view that the Arctic Council will benefit from having officially sanctioned observers.
Formalisation of the status of observers strengthens the undisputed role of the Arctic Council as the leading circumpolar Arctic body.
Formalisation of the status of observers strengthens the undisputed role of the Arctic Council as the leading circumpolar Arctic body.
Norway supports the application from China and hopes that consensus will be reached among the Arctic Council members.
Norway supports the application from China and hopes that consensus will be reached among the Arctic Council members.
We also hope that China will continue to take active part in the work of the Council in its present status as an ad-hoc observer.
We also hope that China will continue to take active part in the work of the Council in its present status as an ad-hoc observer.
I believe China can make an important contribution to the Arctic Council’s working groups.
I believe China can make an important contribution to the Arctic Council’s working groups.
Before I conclude, I would like to show you this map because it is a gives a different perspective on the High North – with the North actually in the centre.
Before I conclude, I would like to show you this map because it is a gives a different perspective on the High North – with the North actually in the centre.
These are key areas for my country, and for my country’s interests.
These are key areas for my country, and for my country’s interests.
The Arctic has been and is today a peaceful region.
The Arctic has been and is today a peaceful region.
We speak of “High North – low tension”.
We speak of “High North – low tension”.
Our first priority is to ensure that this continues to be the case despite the changes that increased human activity – due to climate change – is bound to entail.
Our first priority is to ensure that this continues to be the case despite the changes that increased human activity – due to climate change – is bound to entail.
Greater interest in the region is not threatening or conducive to conflict.
Greater interest in the region is not threatening or conducive to conflict.
The fact that one state undertakes an activity does not prevent other states from doing the same, on the contrary.
The fact that one state undertakes an activity does not prevent other states from doing the same, on the contrary.
This is not a “zero-sum game”.
This is not a “zero-sum game”.
The policies and mechanisms that are established in the region will ensure that cooperation – not confrontation – will continue.
The policies and mechanisms that are established in the region will ensure that cooperation – not confrontation – will continue.
The UN Law of the Sea is one of the most comprehensive sets of intergovernmental regulations in the world.
The UN Law of the Sea is one of the most comprehensive sets of intergovernmental regulations in the world.
It clarifies the rights and responsibilities of the coastal states.
It clarifies the rights and responsibilities of the coastal states.
Yes, we need supplementary regulations in accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Yes, we need supplementary regulations in accordance with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.
We are working on this through organisations such as the IMO.
We are working on this through organisations such as the IMO.
But my main point is this: There is no race for the Arctic.
But my main point is this: There is no race for the Arctic.
And through international cooperation based on international law we – the Arctic states together with key states like China – will keep it that way.
And through international cooperation based on international law we – the Arctic states together with key states like China – will keep it that way.
The Arctic – Norwegian Policy and International Cooperation
Arktis - norsk politikk og internasjonalt samarbeid
Opportunities and Challenges
Opportunities and Challenges
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin, 22 June 2010
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin, 22. juni 2010
The foreign minister’s introduction was based on the following speaking points Check against delivery
The foreign minister’s introduction was based on the following speaking points Check against delivery
It is a pleasure for me to speak here at Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik and to have the opportunity to present a Norwegian foreign policy perspective on important issues in the Arctic and the High North.
It is a pleasure for me to speak here at Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik and to have the opportunity to present a Norwegian foreign policy perspective on important issues in the Arctic and the High North.
I present you this picture because it is an illustration of a different way of perceiving the High North - challenging the traditional notion of the centre and the periphery.
I present you this picture because it is an illustration of a different way of perceiving the High North - challenging the traditional notion of the centre and the periphery.
These are key areas of my country, and of my country’s interests.
These are key areas of my country, and of my country’s interests.
Since my government took office in 2005, High North issues have been at top of Norway’s foreign policy agenda.
Since my government took office in 2005, High North issues have been at top of Norway’s foreign policy agenda.
Today these issues are becoming familiar to more and more decision-makers as interest in the Arctic region is growing fast.
Today these issues are becoming familiar to more and more decision-makers as interest in the Arctic region is growing fast.
Only a few years ago, even the Arctic states themselves tended to ignore this region, for the simple fact that economic interests and political ambitions drew their attention southwards.
Only a few years ago, even the Arctic states themselves tended to ignore this region, for the simple fact that economic interests and political ambitions drew their attention southwards.
The Arctic merits – and receives - increasing consideration from many states, for ecological, economic and geopolitical reasons.
The Arctic merits – and receives - increasing consideration from many states, for ecological, economic and geopolitical reasons.
Developments in the Arctic have global ramifications.
Developments in the Arctic have global ramifications.
Global actors have legitimate interests in the region and a valuable contribution to make.
Global actors have legitimate interests in the region and a valuable contribution to make.
To me, it is no surprise that also Germany is showing an active interest in the Arctic and the High North.
To me, it is no surprise that also Germany is showing an active interest in the Arctic and the High North.
Germany, with its technological skills, entrepreneurial spirit, and political views that are similar to ours, is a very welcome and needed partner in the north.
Germany, with its technological skills, entrepreneurial spirit, and political views that are similar to ours, is a very welcome and needed partner in the north.
In addition, Germany and Norway both have proud traditions of polar research.
In addition, Germany and Norway both have proud traditions of polar research.
Alfred Wegener, who was born in Berlin and became father to the theory that our continents once constituted one landmass before they started drifting apart, was one of several fearless scientists who overwintered in the ice and challenged hunger and frost in order to provide humanity with knowledge that is still valuable in our effort to save the planet.
Alfred Wegener, who was born in Berlin and became father to the theory that our continents once constituted one landmass before they started drifting apart, was one of several fearless scientists who overwintered in the ice and challenged hunger and frost in order to provide humanity with knowledge that is still valuable in our effort to save the planet.
Just like the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Wegener literally sacrificed his life for this work.
Just like the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, Wegener literally sacrificed his life for this work.
One of the most important research stations on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard is run by the Alfred Wegener Institute.
One of the most important research stations on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard is run by the Alfred Wegener Institute.
Before I elaborate on today’s main subject, let me say a few words about Norway’s role as a major producer and exporter of oil and gas – and our cooperation with Germany in this field.
Before I elaborate on today’s main subject, let me say a few words about Norway’s role as a major producer and exporter of oil and gas – and our cooperation with Germany in this field.
Norway’s energy sector has been fundamental to the building of the Norwegian welfare state since the 1960s.
Norway’s energy sector has been fundamental to the building of the Norwegian welfare state since the 1960s.
Energy is the area where Norway leaves its clearest and most important footprint, both here in Germany, in Europe and globally.
Energy is the area where Norway leaves its clearest and most important footprint, both here in Germany, in Europe and globally.
We are the world’s sixth largest oil exporter and second largest gas exporter, and the sixth largest producer of hydropower.
We are the world’s sixth largest oil exporter and second largest gas exporter, and the sixth largest producer of hydropower.
Almost 30% of all gas consumed in Germany originates from the Norwegian continental shelf.
Almost 30% of all gas consumed in Germany originates from the Norwegian continental shelf.
Germany is ranked as the most important market for Norwegian gas.
Germany is ranked as the most important market for Norwegian gas.
Moreover, Norwegian exports meet nearly 20% of the gas consumed by the EU.
Moreover, Norwegian exports meet nearly 20% of the gas consumed by the EU.
Climate changes and resources such as energy are two of the main drivers of the developments in the High North – which I will turn to.
Climate changes and resources such as energy are two of the main drivers of the developments in the High North – which I will turn to.
But first, there is Russia.
But first, there is Russia.
For nearly 20 years we have lived with a neighbour who has suffered regime collapse, great instability and changes in social and governance structures.
For nearly 20 years we have lived with a neighbour who has suffered regime collapse, great instability and changes in social and governance structures.
It is no wonder that it has taken time to expand the potential for cooperation.
It is no wonder that it has taken time to expand the potential for cooperation.
Russia is no longer the Soviet Union.
Russia is no longer the Soviet Union.
Now we see more clearly what a fundamental change this has caused, although there was increasing openness in the final years of the Soviet Union.
Now we see more clearly what a fundamental change this has caused, although there was increasing openness in the final years of the Soviet Union.
In 1987 President Gorbachev proposed turning the High North into an area of cooperation.
In 1987 President Gorbachev proposed turning the High North into an area of cooperation.
He was in favour of international cooperation on the use of resources and research, and he wanted to open the Northern Sea Route to international traffic.
He was in favour of international cooperation on the use of resources and research, and he wanted to open the Northern Sea Route to international traffic.
Today, Russia is actively engaged in High North and Arctic affairs.
Today, Russia is actively engaged in High North and Arctic affairs.
But as we perceive the increased level of activity, we also see that they do so in accordance with established norms and international law.
But as we perceive the increased level of activity, we also see that they do so in accordance with established norms and international law.
The border where East met West, the line of the Iron Curtain where NATO faced the Warsaw Pact in the North, is now an area of increasing cross-border cooperation between the neighbouring peoples of Norway and Russia.
The border where East met West, the line of the Iron Curtain where NATO faced the Warsaw Pact in the North, is now an area of increasing cross-border cooperation between the neighbouring peoples of Norway and Russia.
In 1990 there were 3000 border crossings annually.
In 1990 there were 3000 border crossings annually.
Today there are over 100 000 – and we work to facilitate cross-border passing and activities even further.
Today there are over 100 000 – and we work to facilitate cross-border passing and activities even further.
And on 27 April this year we showed the world how good neighbours resolve border disputes: by means of peaceful negotiation, firmly based on modern principles of international law.
And on 27 April this year we showed the world how good neighbours resolve border disputes: by means of peaceful negotiation, firmly based on modern principles of international law.
The Norwegian and Russian negotiating delegations reached agreement on the maritime delimitation line in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean.
The Norwegian and Russian negotiating delegations reached agreement on the maritime delimitation line in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean.
It took us 40 years.
It took us 40 years.
Lately, the much-improved spirit of cooperation and the acknowledgment that we have common interests in finding solutions together paved the way for the agreement.
Lately, the much-improved spirit of cooperation and the acknowledgment that we have common interests in finding solutions together paved the way for the agreement.
I will come back to the implications later.
I will come back to the implications later.
And last week we had the Pomor exercise – the most extensive joint Norwegian-Russian military exercise ever.
And last week we had the Pomor exercise – the most extensive joint Norwegian-Russian military exercise ever.
And the first joint exercise for 16 years.
And the first joint exercise for 16 years.
It was a great success.
It was a great success.
But of course, Russia will continue to be a demanding partner, and our bilateral relations will require the same constructive approach also in the years to come.
But of course, Russia will continue to be a demanding partner, and our bilateral relations will require the same constructive approach also in the years to come.
We know that cooperation with Russia can be a challenge.
We know that cooperation with Russia can be a challenge.
Norwegian companies that have invested in Russia have been faced with an unpredictable investment climate.
Norwegian companies that have invested in Russia have been faced with an unpredictable investment climate.
And like many other countries, we are concerned about the antidemocratic development in Russia in recent years.
And like many other countries, we are concerned about the antidemocratic development in Russia in recent years.
But there is no alternative to our long-term strategy of dialogue and cooperation.
But there is no alternative to our long-term strategy of dialogue and cooperation.
Front row seats: The Arctic is not where the consequences of climate change will be most severely felt, but it is where they are first seen.
Front row seats: The Arctic is not where the consequences of climate change will be most severely felt, but it is where they are first seen.
The region is therefore very important for climate change research
The region is therefore very important for climate change research
The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate changes on earth, and even greater changes are projected.
The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate changes on earth, and even greater changes are projected.
The changes will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels.
The changes will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels.
The consequences of melting ice in the Arctic can be seen for example with the drying of Lake Chad in Africa.
The consequences of melting ice in the Arctic can be seen for example with the drying of Lake Chad in Africa.
Arctic sea ice is retreating at an alarming rate.
Arctic sea ice is retreating at an alarming rate.
Two weeks ago, the sea ice cover fell below the recorded level at the same time in the record year of 2007, the year the level was nearly 50 percent lower than during the 1950s and 1960s.
Two weeks ago, the sea ice cover fell below the recorded level at the same time in the record year of 2007, the year the level was nearly 50 percent lower than during the 1950s and 1960s.
The Greenland ice sheet is melting, and the Arctic snow cover and permafrost is being reduced.
The Greenland ice sheet is melting, and the Arctic snow cover and permafrost is being reduced.
The third driving force is resources.
The third driving force is resources.
There are important renewable and non-renewable resources in the region.
There are important renewable and non-renewable resources in the region.
Some of the resources in the region are accessible to states and individuals, and the harvesting of these must be regulated and controlled.
Some of the resources in the region are accessible to states and individuals, and the harvesting of these must be regulated and controlled.
Other resources have previously been out of reach, but are now becoming accessible and are therefore attracting attention, such as oil and gas.
Other resources have previously been out of reach, but are now becoming accessible and are therefore attracting attention, such as oil and gas.
German technology played a crucial role in the industrialisation and electrification of Norway, and has continued to play an important part in the age of oil and gas.
German technology played a crucial role in the industrialisation and electrification of Norway, and has continued to play an important part in the age of oil and gas.
This will also be the case when we now turn north.
This will also be the case when we now turn north.