natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the Ilulissat Declaration (28 May 2008) the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean – among them Norway and the US – reaffirmed their commitment to the legal framework for the Arctic Ocean and to the orderly settlement of possible overlapping claims.
In the Ilulissat Declaration (28 May 2008) the five coastal states bordering the Arctic Ocean – among them Norway and the US – reaffirmed their commitment to the legal framework for the Arctic Ocean and to the orderly settlement of possible overlapping claims.
There is “no race for resources in the Arctic”.
There is “no race for resources in the Arctic”.
Most of the resources in the Arctic are to be found in areas of national jurisdiction that are within the 200-mile zones and on the continental shelves of the coastal states.
Most of the resources in the Arctic are to be found in areas of national jurisdiction that are within the 200-mile zones and on the continental shelves of the coastal states.
The establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is dealt with by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in New York.
The establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles is dealt with by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in New York.
Norway is the first coastal state in the Arctic Ocean to complete the requirements related to the Commission.
Norway is the first coastal state in the Arctic Ocean to complete the requirements related to the Commission.
Norway has cooperated closely with all neighbouring states in the High North on this issue.
Norway has cooperated closely with all neighbouring states in the High North on this issue.
Knowledge is at the heart of our High North policy.
Knowledge is at the heart of our High North policy.
Close cooperation and interaction with the scientific community are essential if we are to achieve our four overarching goals for the High North:
Close cooperation and interaction with the scientific community are essential if we are to achieve our four overarching goals for the High North:
To safeguard stability and predictability
To safeguard stability and predictability
To ensure sustainable management and use of resources
To ensure sustainable management and use of resources
To strengthen international cooperation and the international legal order
To strengthen international cooperation and the international legal order
To strengthen value creation and employment
To strengthen value creation and employment
Let me now draw your attention to [seven] key visions and trends which we believe will determine the future of the High North/the Arctic and will shape the initiatives and priorities of the Norwegian High North policy over the next 20–30 years:
Let me now draw your attention to [seven] key visions and trends which we believe will determine the future of the High North/the Arctic and will shape the initiatives and priorities of the Norwegian High North policy over the next 20–30 years:
First: Growing interest in the Arctic Ocean.
First: Growing interest in the Arctic Ocean.
Increased number of sailings: 34 ships through the Northeast Passage last year compared to 6 in 2010.
Increased number of sailings: 34 ships through the Northeast Passage last year compared to 6 in 2010.
Of potential US interest.
Of potential US interest.
Keywords here include energy security, increased efficiency for commerce and shipping, and the creation of more favourable sailing options/routes than are available today.
Keywords here include energy security, increased efficiency for commerce and shipping, and the creation of more favourable sailing options/routes than are available today.
Second: Close and innovative cooperation in the High North.
Second: Close and innovative cooperation in the High North.
Arctic Council: agenda-setting body.
Arctic Council: agenda-setting body.
Increased the knowledge about climate change in the Arctic.
Increased the knowledge about climate change in the Arctic.
Milestones in 2011: Signing of a binding search and rescue agreement at the Arctic Council ministerial meeting in May, in Nuuk/Greenland, at which Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Secretary Ken Salazar of the Ministry of Interior participated.
Milestones in 2011: Signing of a binding search and rescue agreement at the Arctic Council ministerial meeting in May, in Nuuk/Greenland, at which Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Secretary Ken Salazar of the Ministry of Interior participated.
Ongoing negotiations on a new Arctic instrument on oil spill prevention.
Ongoing negotiations on a new Arctic instrument on oil spill prevention.
Co-chaired by the US, Russia and Norway.
Co-chaired by the US, Russia and Norway.
Third: The High North as a new geopolitical centre of gravity.
Third: The High North as a new geopolitical centre of gravity.
No military threat.
No military threat.
Need to be prepared for increased economic activity.
Need to be prepared for increased economic activity.
Still an area of military strategic interests.
Still an area of military strategic interests.
Russian nuclear forces and military exercises.
Russian nuclear forces and military exercises.
Core areas.
Core areas.
US–Norway partners.
US–Norway partners.
Our aim: “High North – Low tension”.
Our aim: “High North – Low tension”.
Increased international attention to Arctic matters, also from non-Arctic states – China, India, Japan, South Korea.
Increased international attention to Arctic matters, also from non-Arctic states – China, India, Japan, South Korea.
Fourth: a new industrial age in the North – also on land.
Fourth: a new industrial age in the North – also on land.
The Scandinavian peninsula (“Baltic Shield”, or ”Fennoscandian Shield”), covering parts of Norway, Finland, Sweden and western Russia, is one of the most promising regions for minerals in Europe.
The Scandinavian peninsula (“Baltic Shield”, or ”Fennoscandian Shield”), covering parts of Norway, Finland, Sweden and western Russia, is one of the most promising regions for minerals in Europe.
The figures are uncertain, but minerals worth 250 billion US dollars (1 500 billion Norwegian kroner) could be found in the Norwegian High North alone.
The figures are uncertain, but minerals worth 250 billion US dollars (1 500 billion Norwegian kroner) could be found in the Norwegian High North alone.
We will facilitate increased mineral activity in the Norwegian High North in accordance with environmental regulations and standards.
We will facilitate increased mineral activity in the Norwegian High North in accordance with environmental regulations and standards.
A new mineral strategy will be presented later this year.
A new mineral strategy will be presented later this year.
Fifth: Pioneering work on integrated marine management.
Fifth: Pioneering work on integrated marine management.
Integrated Ocean Management (IOM) is one of the areas in which Norway has a lot to contribute.
Integrated Ocean Management (IOM) is one of the areas in which Norway has a lot to contribute.
We are aware that the US is currently establishing an ecosystem-based and transparent Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning process.
We are aware that the US is currently establishing an ecosystem-based and transparent Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning process.
This process sounds similar to the Norwegian IOM plans.
This process sounds similar to the Norwegian IOM plans.
We assume that it will include the Arctic areas in the years to come.
We assume that it will include the Arctic areas in the years to come.
We can learn from each other by sharing experience.
We can learn from each other by sharing experience.
It is a matter of striking the right balance between conservation/protection of the environment on the one hand and economic activities on the other.
It is a matter of striking the right balance between conservation/protection of the environment on the one hand and economic activities on the other.
Sixth: The High North as a source of knowledge about the environment and climate change.
Sixth: The High North as a source of knowledge about the environment and climate change.
The High North is a crucial source of knowledge about the Arctic environment and climate with implications far beyond the region itself.
The High North is a crucial source of knowledge about the Arctic environment and climate with implications far beyond the region itself.
We have witnessed the dramatic retreat of the polar ice cap and the collapse of ice shelves.
We have witnessed the dramatic retreat of the polar ice cap and the collapse of ice shelves.
Knowledge about the Arctic climate is important for developing global climate policy and for taking the decisions needed to prevent global warming.
Knowledge about the Arctic climate is important for developing global climate policy and for taking the decisions needed to prevent global warming.
Serious problems related to long-range pollutants and to hazardous waste, including nuclear waste, on the Russian side of the border.
Serious problems related to long-range pollutants and to hazardous waste, including nuclear waste, on the Russian side of the border.
The situation has improved through international cooperation, but a clear focus on these problems must be maintained to ensure that economic and industrial activity is carried out within safe ecological limits.
The situation has improved through international cooperation, but a clear focus on these problems must be maintained to ensure that economic and industrial activity is carried out within safe ecological limits.
The US State Department has shown interest in having a research platform presence on Svalbard/Ny Ålesund.
The US State Department has shown interest in having a research platform presence on Svalbard/Ny Ålesund.
(The National Science Foundation (SNF) does not have the necessary funding).
(The National Science Foundation (SNF) does not have the necessary funding).
Hopefully something will be resolved here so that such a presence can be established.
Hopefully something will be resolved here so that such a presence can be established.
We should also remember the major contribution made by NASA in financing a large section of the fiber optic cable from North Norway to Svalbard, and the visit by five US Senators to Svalbard in the early 2000s.
We should also remember the major contribution made by NASA in financing a large section of the fiber optic cable from North Norway to Svalbard, and the visit by five US Senators to Svalbard in the early 2000s.
LNG (liquefied natural gas) shipped from Melkøya, the world’s northernmost LNG production facility, just off the Norwegian coast near the city of Hammerfest in North Norway.
LNG (liquefied natural gas) shipped from Melkøya, the world’s northernmost LNG production facility, just off the Norwegian coast near the city of Hammerfest in North Norway.
This LNG was initially reserved for the growing US market.
This LNG was initially reserved for the growing US market.
But that was before the shale gas revolution.
But that was before the shale gas revolution.
Today LNG from the Snøhvit field goes to a growing European and Asian market – but there are also some shipments to the US market.
Today LNG from the Snøhvit field goes to a growing European and Asian market – but there are also some shipments to the US market.
The Barents Sea seems likely to become an important European energy province.
The Barents Sea seems likely to become an important European energy province.
How rapidly this happens will depend on market conditions, technological developments, the size of any commercially viable discoveries of oil and gas, and how fast renewable energy sources are developed.
How rapidly this happens will depend on market conditions, technological developments, the size of any commercially viable discoveries of oil and gas, and how fast renewable energy sources are developed.
When the treaty on maritime delimitation between Norway and Russia entered into force on 7 July this year, seismic surveying started to the west of the previously disputed area.
When the treaty on maritime delimitation between Norway and Russia entered into force on 7 July this year, seismic surveying started to the west of the previously disputed area.
Potential for Norwegian–Russian cooperation.
Potential for Norwegian–Russian cooperation.
The Russian petroleum sector is increasingly moving offshore.
The Russian petroleum sector is increasingly moving offshore.
Norwegian companies working on our continental shelf as well as the supply industry onshore have more than 40 years of experience with offshore activity, and see great opportunities for cooperation.
Norwegian companies working on our continental shelf as well as the supply industry onshore have more than 40 years of experience with offshore activity, and see great opportunities for cooperation.
Statoil, together with its partners Gazprom and Total, is preparing the development of the Shtokman field in the eastern part of the Barents Sea.
Statoil, together with its partners Gazprom and Total, is preparing the development of the Shtokman field in the eastern part of the Barents Sea.
Known reserves of natural gas in the Shtokman field are today among the largest in the world.
Known reserves of natural gas in the Shtokman field are today among the largest in the world.
As Russian authorities and companies have opened up for foreign participation, a number of projects have attracted international partners – indeed, the comprehensive cooperation agreement between ExxonMobil (the owner of this building) and Rosneft reached last August is another example.
As Russian authorities and companies have opened up for foreign participation, a number of projects have attracted international partners – indeed, the comprehensive cooperation agreement between ExxonMobil (the owner of this building) and Rosneft reached last August is another example.
At the same time, while the smaller business contacts across the Norwegian–Russian border flourish, foreign companies continue to report a number of challenges to their operations in Russia: unpredictable framework conditions, a lack of transparency, corruption, and a weak legal system.
At the same time, while the smaller business contacts across the Norwegian–Russian border flourish, foreign companies continue to report a number of challenges to their operations in Russia: unpredictable framework conditions, a lack of transparency, corruption, and a weak legal system.
In this context, I welcome Russia’s accession to the WTO and hope this will contribute to an improved environment for foreign investors and companies.
In this context, I welcome Russia’s accession to the WTO and hope this will contribute to an improved environment for foreign investors and companies.
As European countries diversify their supply sources and the transport routes for natural gas, the Russians are looking to growing markets in the east.
As European countries diversify their supply sources and the transport routes for natural gas, the Russians are looking to growing markets in the east.
And even though pipelines remain the prevailing mode of transport for gas, the increased interest for LNG in deregulated markets opens the way for a number of new perspectives.
And even though pipelines remain the prevailing mode of transport for gas, the increased interest for LNG in deregulated markets opens the way for a number of new perspectives.
However, I believe both Russia and Norway will continue to be major suppliers of energy to Europe in the decades to come.
However, I believe both Russia and Norway will continue to be major suppliers of energy to Europe in the decades to come.
We see ourselves more as complementary suppliers than competitors in the European market.
We see ourselves more as complementary suppliers than competitors in the European market.
New discoveries in the Barents Sea in 2011.
New discoveries in the Barents Sea in 2011.
Increased oil and gas activities in the Arctic must also be weighed up against other industries and interests within the framework of integrated, ecosystem-based management.
Increased oil and gas activities in the Arctic must also be weighed up against other industries and interests within the framework of integrated, ecosystem-based management.
Potential for renewable energy developments, hydropower, wind power and wave power.
Potential for renewable energy developments, hydropower, wind power and wave power.
Challenges are posed by long distances, market-related issues, the need for new infrastructure and environmental and safety concerns.
Challenges are posed by long distances, market-related issues, the need for new infrastructure and environmental and safety concerns.
The energy dimension will be the most important driver of increased interest in the High North in both political and business circles globally.
The energy dimension will be the most important driver of increased interest in the High North in both political and business circles globally.
II - Meeting the climate challenge
II - Meeting the climate challenge
How can we act as climate-conscious energy producers at a time when there is an urgent need for more and greener energy?
How can we act as climate-conscious energy producers at a time when there is an urgent need for more and greener energy?
The IEA’s World Energy Outlook 2011 states that CO2 emissions reached a record high in 2010, the energy efficiency of the global economy worsened for the second year running and spending on oil imports came close to record high levels.
The IEA’s World Energy Outlook 2011 states that CO2 emissions reached a record high in 2010, the energy efficiency of the global economy worsened for the second year running and spending on oil imports came close to record high levels.
Coal “won” the energy race in the first decade of this century, accounting for almost half the increase in global energy use.
Coal “won” the energy race in the first decade of this century, accounting for almost half the increase in global energy use.
A new coal power plant is opened in China and India every other day.
A new coal power plant is opened in China and India every other day.
Can our actions make a difference?
Can our actions make a difference?
According to the IEA, global energy demand will increase by one third from 2010–2035, with China and India accounting for 50% of this growth.
According to the IEA, global energy demand will increase by one third from 2010–2035, with China and India accounting for 50% of this growth.
If we don’t change direction soon, it looks less and less likely that we will be able to keep the average global temperature rise to below the target of two degrees Celsius.
If we don’t change direction soon, it looks less and less likely that we will be able to keep the average global temperature rise to below the target of two degrees Celsius.
We need to address the dilemma: How can we as producers of fossil fuel also contribute to the fight against climate change?
We need to address the dilemma: How can we as producers of fossil fuel also contribute to the fight against climate change?
We must produce oil and gas in a less carbon-intensive way than others.
We must produce oil and gas in a less carbon-intensive way than others.
Put the highest standards in place.
Put the highest standards in place.
Norway is a reliable and long-term supplier of natural gas.
Norway is a reliable and long-term supplier of natural gas.
Supplying natural gas is a way of meeting increased energy demand in Europe – and at the same time replacing coal.
Supplying natural gas is a way of meeting increased energy demand in Europe – and at the same time replacing coal.
The same goes for supplying LNG to the world market.
The same goes for supplying LNG to the world market.
We must also expand the use of CCS and renewable energy.
We must also expand the use of CCS and renewable energy.
COP 17 gave grounds for more optimism than expected.
COP 17 gave grounds for more optimism than expected.
But there are fears that the financial crisis in Europe and the US could hamper the ambitious efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions due to a lack of capital available for investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency and CCS.
But there are fears that the financial crisis in Europe and the US could hamper the ambitious efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions due to a lack of capital available for investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency and CCS.
III - Energy in the High North and energy security
III - Energy in the High North and energy security
The Fukushima accident in Japan, the German decision to close down all nuclear power plants by 2022, the shale gas revolution in the US, and Libya’s sudden cessation of oil production last year all demonstrate that the world’s energy picture can shift rapidly – and that this can have immediate consequences globally.
The Fukushima accident in Japan, the German decision to close down all nuclear power plants by 2022, the shale gas revolution in the US, and Libya’s sudden cessation of oil production last year all demonstrate that the world’s energy picture can shift rapidly – and that this can have immediate consequences globally.
Oil and gas deliveries from the High North can improve energy security (in Europe, Asia or even the US?) and contribute to global energy supplies.
Oil and gas deliveries from the High North can improve energy security (in Europe, Asia or even the US?) and contribute to global energy supplies.
Important economic and foreign policy implications.
Important economic and foreign policy implications.
Oil and gas from the Norwegian continental shelf has for decades been crucial in meeting Europe’s energy needs.
Oil and gas from the Norwegian continental shelf has for decades been crucial in meeting Europe’s energy needs.
The trend has been clear: exploration, production and new finds have continuously moved northward.
The trend has been clear: exploration, production and new finds have continuously moved northward.
We expect this trend to continue.
We expect this trend to continue.
We are witnessing the same development on the Russian side of the Arctic.
We are witnessing the same development on the Russian side of the Arctic.
Energy resources from peripheral areas of Europe have to be extracted under harsh climate conditions.
Energy resources from peripheral areas of Europe have to be extracted under harsh climate conditions.
This is demanding geologically, environmentally, technically and in climate terms.
This is demanding geologically, environmentally, technically and in climate terms.
Handling these challenges in a profitable and sustainable manner requires knowledge, creativity and innovative skills.
Handling these challenges in a profitable and sustainable manner requires knowledge, creativity and innovative skills.
Work is under way to open up new areas for exploration and production both around Jan Mayen and in the South Barents Sea (Norwegian sector of the formerly disputed area).
Work is under way to open up new areas for exploration and production both around Jan Mayen and in the South Barents Sea (Norwegian sector of the formerly disputed area).
It will take some time before these processes are finalised.
It will take some time before these processes are finalised.
We are currently collecting necessary information and conducting assessments on the environment, resource potential and social and economic effects.
We are currently collecting necessary information and conducting assessments on the environment, resource potential and social and economic effects.
The significance of strengthened energy diplomacy, infrastructure and transport routes – within Europe, between other energy regions and Europe, and globally – are topical foreign policy issues.
The significance of strengthened energy diplomacy, infrastructure and transport routes – within Europe, between other energy regions and Europe, and globally – are topical foreign policy issues.