natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Advanced digital solutions, AI, new materials, robotics and automation, advances in biotechnology, and the energy revolution promise to disrupt labor markets; alter health, energy, and transportation systems; and transform economic development.
Advanced digital solutions, AI, new materials, robotics and automation, advances in biotechnology, and the energy revolution promise to disrupt labor markets; alter health, energy, and transportation systems; and transform economic development.
Some of these developments will magnify values differences across societies, and hence it will be difficult to agree on international regulations or norms in these areas.
Some of these developments will magnify values differences across societies, and hence it will be difficult to agree on international regulations or norms in these areas.
Risks associated with some of these applications are real, especially in synthetic biology, genome editing, and AI.
Risks associated with some of these applications are real, especially in synthetic biology, genome editing, and AI.
As an example, we are seeing a revolution in biological research: this may help us address environmental along with medical, health, industrial, and agricultural challenges.
As an example, we are seeing a revolution in biological research: this may help us address environmental along with medical, health, industrial, and agricultural challenges.
But at the same time posing significant ethical and security questions.
But at the same time posing significant ethical and security questions.
These changes are already outpacing our ability as politicians to regulate or control very fundamental developments in society.
These changes are already outpacing our ability as politicians to regulate or control very fundamental developments in society.
Public reactions and political fallouts can be unpredictable.
Public reactions and political fallouts can be unpredictable.
Another dilemma is that of openness versus inward looking policies.
Another dilemma is that of openness versus inward looking policies.
Combatting climate change and seeking the necessary solutions, will require more international research and more mobility of ideas and people, not less.
Combatting climate change and seeking the necessary solutions, will require more international research and more mobility of ideas and people, not less.
At the same time, the very speed of technological change is one of the things that is triggering public reactions that favor the closing of borders.
At the same time, the very speed of technological change is one of the things that is triggering public reactions that favor the closing of borders.
Yet another issue with security implications is how regional and global power relationships will transform with the energy revolution.
Yet another issue with security implications is how regional and global power relationships will transform with the energy revolution.
Over the next decades, oil and gas will gradually cease to be resources of the highest strategic importance.
Over the next decades, oil and gas will gradually cease to be resources of the highest strategic importance.
This will disrupt relations within and between states, including in regions with high levels of instability.
This will disrupt relations within and between states, including in regions with high levels of instability.
Finally, on the list of risks pertaining to technology: imagine the tensions and potential conflicts that would arise if one or more countries decide to apply geoengineering technologies in an effort to manipulate large-scale climate conditions.
Finally, on the list of risks pertaining to technology: imagine the tensions and potential conflicts that would arise if one or more countries decide to apply geoengineering technologies in an effort to manipulate large-scale climate conditions.
Thirdly, risks associated with demographic shifts
Thirdly, risks associated with demographic shifts
The changes driven by markets and technology will disrupt labour and welfare systems, causing social pressures.
The changes driven by markets and technology will disrupt labour and welfare systems, causing social pressures.
Labour unions are responding to shifts in the energy sector, for example, with calls for a just transition.
Labour unions are responding to shifts in the energy sector, for example, with calls for a just transition.
Urbanization is a welcome trend in terms of more climate friendly living with regard to housing, transport systems and other public infrastructure.
Urbanization is a welcome trend in terms of more climate friendly living with regard to housing, transport systems and other public infrastructure.
At the same time, with more extreme weather events, rising sea levels and pressure on critical infrastructure, urban centres are increasingly vulnerable.
At the same time, with more extreme weather events, rising sea levels and pressure on critical infrastructure, urban centres are increasingly vulnerable.
A critical factor is the growing young populations in societies under stress.
A critical factor is the growing young populations in societies under stress.
The young and connected population in the Middle East/North Africa region is already restless.
The young and connected population in the Middle East/North Africa region is already restless.
We saw this during the Arab spring, and the fundamentals have not changed.
We saw this during the Arab spring, and the fundamentals have not changed.
As one of the regions that is likely to be hardest hit by climate change, we can expect more upheaval, more conflict, more refugee and migration crises.
As one of the regions that is likely to be hardest hit by climate change, we can expect more upheaval, more conflict, more refugee and migration crises.
Climate action is of high strategic importance
Climate action is of high strategic importance
As these examples illustrate, there is much at stake.
As these examples illustrate, there is much at stake.
Climate change is a security challenge, and hence climate policy is of high strategic importance.
Climate change is a security challenge, and hence climate policy is of high strategic importance.
This figure shows the long-term effect on global average surface temperature.
This figure shows the long-term effect on global average surface temperature.
Within the high emissions scenario, the globe could be between 8 and 12 degrees warmer in 2300.
Within the high emissions scenario, the globe could be between 8 and 12 degrees warmer in 2300.
Within a low emissions scenario, the global temperature would stabilize after 2050, as you see from the blue line.
Within a low emissions scenario, the global temperature would stabilize after 2050, as you see from the blue line.
Climate policy matters!
Climate policy matters!
Further climate change is, however, unavoidable in the near term, even if our follow-up of the Paris agreement turns out to be a success.
Further climate change is, however, unavoidable in the near term, even if our follow-up of the Paris agreement turns out to be a success.
We therefore also need to prevent unavoidable climate changes from undermining security in the shorter term.
We therefore also need to prevent unavoidable climate changes from undermining security in the shorter term.
This is in our shared self-interest.
This is in our shared self-interest.
In a government white paper on Norwegian foreign and security policy, launched two weeks ago, we point out that climate change increases security risks and unpredictability, in particular in fragile states and regions.
In a government white paper on Norwegian foreign and security policy, launched two weeks ago, we point out that climate change increases security risks and unpredictability, in particular in fragile states and regions.
Regions near Europe's southern border, such as the Middle East and Africa, are among the regions expected to be the hardest hit.
Regions near Europe's southern border, such as the Middle East and Africa, are among the regions expected to be the hardest hit.
The white paper announces plans for intensified efforts in unstable countries in these regions.
The white paper announces plans for intensified efforts in unstable countries in these regions.
Our long-term support to the stabilization of fragile states and countries in conflicts will take impacts of climate change into consideration, through measures that reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience.
Our long-term support to the stabilization of fragile states and countries in conflicts will take impacts of climate change into consideration, through measures that reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience.
The key to minimize fragility risks is not first and foremost security policy in the strict sense.
The key to minimize fragility risks is not first and foremost security policy in the strict sense.
It is rather "soft security" measures such as humanitarian and development aid, climate finance and adaptation, clean energy and better environmental management.
It is rather "soft security" measures such as humanitarian and development aid, climate finance and adaptation, clean energy and better environmental management.
The Svalbard seed vault as an example
The Svalbard seed vault as an example
Climate change will affect food production and consequently global food security in the coming decades.
Climate change will affect food production and consequently global food security in the coming decades.
A major resource – according to IPCC - that can help us create a more climate-resilient agriculture is the genetic diversity of our agricultural plants.
A major resource – according to IPCC - that can help us create a more climate-resilient agriculture is the genetic diversity of our agricultural plants.
This facility right around the corner, The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, provides the ultimate secure back-up of this important heritage.
This facility right around the corner, The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, provides the ultimate secure back-up of this important heritage.
The Seed Vault was recently put to the test for the first time, as a result of the war in Syria.
The Seed Vault was recently put to the test for the first time, as a result of the war in Syria.
It provided samples of grains and pulses to research centres in the Middle East.
It provided samples of grains and pulses to research centres in the Middle East.
The catastrophic events in Syria made it impossible to rely on the Aleppo seed bank.
The catastrophic events in Syria made it impossible to rely on the Aleppo seed bank.
We are happy to host this important resource for adapting to climate change.
We are happy to host this important resource for adapting to climate change.
A global security imperative
A global security imperative
But broadly, we do not intend to act alone.
But broadly, we do not intend to act alone.
One key conclusion in our white paper is that Norway should develop closer security policy cooperation with European allies and the other Nordic countries.
One key conclusion in our white paper is that Norway should develop closer security policy cooperation with European allies and the other Nordic countries.
In this new reality, NATO too must consider how to adapt to the new climate risk reality, prepare for new security challenges, and manage the unforeseen.
In this new reality, NATO too must consider how to adapt to the new climate risk reality, prepare for new security challenges, and manage the unforeseen.
Last week, general Denis Mercier, NATO's supreme allied commander for transformation, said to Reuters that climate change poses a global security threat that all countries must fight together.
Last week, general Denis Mercier, NATO's supreme allied commander for transformation, said to Reuters that climate change poses a global security threat that all countries must fight together.
US military leaders have long expressed the same.
US military leaders have long expressed the same.
Last year I paid an interesting visit to the Pentagon.
Last year I paid an interesting visit to the Pentagon.
They left no doubt that in terms of factoring risks and threats into military planning, they are dealing seriously with a range of threats that are clearly less probable than those of climate change.
They left no doubt that in terms of factoring risks and threats into military planning, they are dealing seriously with a range of threats that are clearly less probable than those of climate change.
And so they do see climate change as an important national security challenge.
And so they do see climate change as an important national security challenge.
This, while President Donald Trump is nearing a decision on whether to pull US out of the Paris climate deal.
This, while President Donald Trump is nearing a decision on whether to pull US out of the Paris climate deal.
It is, frankly, an example that even in the face of very clear realities, politics can be surreal.
It is, frankly, an example that even in the face of very clear realities, politics can be surreal.
In conclusion, Arctic climate change matters, also in a global security perspective.
In conclusion, Arctic climate change matters, also in a global security perspective.
We must address it through effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, and systematically stricter climate policies, but also through precautionary policies to minimize climate related security risks in fragile regions.
We must address it through effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, and systematically stricter climate policies, but also through precautionary policies to minimize climate related security risks in fragile regions.
Meanwhile, enjoy your stay in the Arctic while it is still a cool place.
Meanwhile, enjoy your stay in the Arctic while it is still a cool place.
Svalbard and the Polar Areas
Svalbard og polarområdene
Arctic means global: Climate Change and Global Security
Arctic means global: Climate Change and Global Security
Let me start by thanking you, John, for inviting us to this important conference.
Let me start by thanking you, John, for inviting us to this important conference.
Temperatures in the Arctic are rising 2-3 times faster than the global average.
Temperatures in the Arctic are rising 2-3 times faster than the global average.
The consequences are dramatic.
The consequences are dramatic.
I came here directly from Svalbard with Bert (Koenders), where we witnessed this with our own eyes:
I came here directly from Svalbard with Bert (Koenders), where we witnessed this with our own eyes:
We saw how the glaciers are receding.
We saw how the glaciers are receding.
We have lost 50 % of the ice coverage in the Barents Sea since 1980.
We have lost 50 % of the ice coverage in the Barents Sea since 1980.
The Arctic summer ice cap could vanish completely by 2050.
The Arctic summer ice cap could vanish completely by 2050.
These changes are a call for action:
These changes are a call for action:
They should give momentum to the international negotiations,
They should give momentum to the international negotiations,
And they should inspire us to reach a strong agreement in Paris later this year.
And they should inspire us to reach a strong agreement in Paris later this year.
If we succeed, this could be the most important agreement in our time.
If we succeed, this could be the most important agreement in our time.
The melting of Arctic snow and ice is not only a threat to traditional livelihoods and polar bears.
The melting of Arctic snow and ice is not only a threat to traditional livelihoods and polar bears.
The Arctic is a global cooling system, holding back 7 meters of sea-level rise in ice caps.
The Arctic is a global cooling system, holding back 7 meters of sea-level rise in ice caps.
Arctic permafrost also holds vast amounts of carbon, which will be released if thawed.
Arctic permafrost also holds vast amounts of carbon, which will be released if thawed.
In other words, Arctic warming is amplifying and accelerating the Global warming that is causing unprecedented damage to our planet:
In other words, Arctic warming is amplifying and accelerating the Global warming that is causing unprecedented damage to our planet:
Food production may be cut in half in North Africa and Latin America.
Food production may be cut in half in North Africa and Latin America.
South Asia and small island states will be hard hit by rising sea levels and extreme weather events.
South Asia and small island states will be hard hit by rising sea levels and extreme weather events.
Africa and the Middle East could experience even more severe droughts.
Africa and the Middle East could experience even more severe droughts.
Climate change is also one of the gravest security challenges of our time.
Climate change is also one of the gravest security challenges of our time.
The livelihoods, wellbeing and safety of hundreds of millions of people are at risk.
The livelihoods, wellbeing and safety of hundreds of millions of people are at risk.
Dear colleagues, coal miners used to bring canary birds to give them a warning when trouble was brewing.
Dear colleagues, coal miners used to bring canary birds to give them a warning when trouble was brewing.
When it comes to climate change, the Arctic is our "canary in the mine".
When it comes to climate change, the Arctic is our "canary in the mine".
The changes we see in the Arctic command us to act.
The changes we see in the Arctic command us to act.
The time to act is now.
The time to act is now.
Many nations have made important commitments prior to the Paris meeting.
Many nations have made important commitments prior to the Paris meeting.
The agreement between the US and China is encouraging.
The agreement between the US and China is encouraging.
But the reality remains unchanged: The sum of our national commitments will not be sufficient to reach the two-degree target.
But the reality remains unchanged: The sum of our national commitments will not be sufficient to reach the two-degree target.
This underlines the need for strong provisions in the Paris agreement to repeatedly strengthen our commitments over time.
This underlines the need for strong provisions in the Paris agreement to repeatedly strengthen our commitments over time.
Norway has committed to reducing national greenhouse gas emissions with at least 40% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.
Norway has committed to reducing national greenhouse gas emissions with at least 40% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.
Norway was among the first countries to tax CO2 emissions, and we are developing new technologies for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).
Norway was among the first countries to tax CO2 emissions, and we are developing new technologies for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).
And we have a holistic approach to assisting developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate change.
And we have a holistic approach to assisting developing countries mitigate and adapt to climate change.
Mobilizing climate finance is key:
Mobilizing climate finance is key:
Norway has pledged USD 258 million to the Green Climate Fund.
Norway has pledged USD 258 million to the Green Climate Fund.
Every year, we invest more than 150 million USD in renewable energy in developing countries.
Every year, we invest more than 150 million USD in renewable energy in developing countries.
We assist developing countries in reducing subsidies to fossil fuels.
We assist developing countries in reducing subsidies to fossil fuels.
And we allocate 375 million US dollars annually to end tropical deforestation.
And we allocate 375 million US dollars annually to end tropical deforestation.
We will continue to be in the forefront of these efforts.
We will continue to be in the forefront of these efforts.
Sufficient and sustained reductions in CO2 emissions remains the greatest challenge to reach the two-degree target.
Sufficient and sustained reductions in CO2 emissions remains the greatest challenge to reach the two-degree target.
However, in the short and medium term, efforts to reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants are essential.
However, in the short and medium term, efforts to reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants are essential.
In April, the Arctic Council adopted a framework to reduce emissions from methane and soot.
In April, the Arctic Council adopted a framework to reduce emissions from methane and soot.
This an excellent example of what we can do regionally.
This an excellent example of what we can do regionally.
The Arctic matters.
The Arctic matters.
That's why we are here.
That's why we are here.
The rapid changes in the Arctic have global implications, and they demand coordinated and global responses.
The rapid changes in the Arctic have global implications, and they demand coordinated and global responses.
We need to make even better use of established meeting places, like the Arctic Council.
We need to make even better use of established meeting places, like the Arctic Council.
And we must support new initiatives, such as the "Oil and Gas Methane Partnership" under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition.
And we must support new initiatives, such as the "Oil and Gas Methane Partnership" under the Climate and Clean Air Coalition.
I would like to commend our hosts, the US government, for taking the initiative to this conference.
I would like to commend our hosts, the US government, for taking the initiative to this conference.
By putting the spotlight on the Arctic, this conference provides a great opportunity for us to lead the way towards a strong agreement in Paris later this year.
By putting the spotlight on the Arctic, this conference provides a great opportunity for us to lead the way towards a strong agreement in Paris later this year.
Because the Arctic is more than a place, it is an inspiration.
Because the Arctic is more than a place, it is an inspiration.
Let the Arctic inspire us to inject new momentum into the climate negotiations and our efforts to curb global warming.
Let the Arctic inspire us to inject new momentum into the climate negotiations and our efforts to curb global warming.
Credit: Kristin Enstad, MFA, Oslo
Foto: Kristin Enstad, UD
The Arctic's unique role in influencing the global climate
The Arctic's unique role in influencing the global climate
Anchorage, Alaska, 31. august 2015
Anchorage, Alaska, 31. august 2015
Foreign Minister Børge Brende's speech at the Glacier Conference, Session 1 in Anchorage on 31 August.
Utenriksminister Børge Brendes hovedinnlegg under sesjon 1 av Glacier-konferansen i Anchorage 31. august 2015.
Check against delivery
Sjekkes mot framføring
Thank you for the invitation,
Thank you for the invitation,
Many thanks to our Czech friends in Government and Acedemia for hosting the Arctic Science Summit Week 2017.
Many thanks to our Czech friends in Government and Acedemia for hosting the Arctic Science Summit Week 2017.
A special mention should go the University of South Bohemia which coordinates the conference together with the IASC.
A special mention should go the University of South Bohemia which coordinates the conference together with the IASC.
We know that you take a keen interest in the Arctic.
We know that you take a keen interest in the Arctic.
Probably ever since the fictional Czech explorer and inventor Jára Cimrman reached the North Pole.
Probably ever since the fictional Czech explorer and inventor Jára Cimrman reached the North Pole.
Your presence at Svalbard since 2007 indeed serves as a prime example.
Your presence at Svalbard since 2007 indeed serves as a prime example.
So do your high number of quality institutions involved in Arctic science and research.
So do your high number of quality institutions involved in Arctic science and research.
I have also learned that Czech Government is pondering on whether to draft its own Arctic policy.
I have also learned that Czech Government is pondering on whether to draft its own Arctic policy.
Which serves to prove my next point...
Which serves to prove my next point...
I would like to focus on three areas of great importance to the future of the Arctic.
I would like to focus on three areas of great importance to the future of the Arctic.
Firstly, the importance of adherence to international law.
Firstly, the importance of adherence to international law.