natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The UN has a unique capacity and ability to apply a wide spectrum of instruments – economic, political, developmental and humanitarian – in an integrated and coordinated manner.
The UN has a unique capacity and ability to apply a wide spectrum of instruments – economic, political, developmental and humanitarian – in an integrated and coordinated manner.
If peace operations are to lay the foundations for sustainable peace, focus should be on providing a coherent and well-coordinated structure in the field.
If peace operations are to lay the foundations for sustainable peace, focus should be on providing a coherent and well-coordinated structure in the field.
The UN today is a leading player in the management of armed conflicts, and undertakes a considerable number of peace operations on a global level.
The UN today is a leading player in the management of armed conflicts, and undertakes a considerable number of peace operations on a global level.
At the same time, there are still several challenges in terms of improving the UN’s integrated missions concept and the implementation of it in the field.
At the same time, there are still several challenges in terms of improving the UN’s integrated missions concept and the implementation of it in the field.
Some of the key challenges facing the UN when conducting multidimensional peace operations were identified as:
Some of the key challenges facing the UN when conducting multidimensional peace operations were identified as:
• Integration gives contradiction.
• Integration gives contradiction.
On the one hand, there is a need to maintain a clear distinction between the role and functions of humanitarian actors from that of the military or political.
On the one hand, there is a need to maintain a clear distinction between the role and functions of humanitarian actors from that of the military or political.
On the other hand, today’s integrated missions involve coordination of efforts between the UN and other actors, including humanitarian actors, presenting a challenge for humanitarian actors’ claim for neutrality and impartiality.
On the other hand, today’s integrated missions involve coordination of efforts between the UN and other actors, including humanitarian actors, presenting a challenge for humanitarian actors’ claim for neutrality and impartiality.
• The role and presence of humanitarian actors is not necessarily neutral or impartial as they impose “Western values”.
• The role and presence of humanitarian actors is not necessarily neutral or impartial as they impose “Western values”.
For instance, building schools for girls in Afghanistan is a (Western) political effort.
For instance, building schools for girls in Afghanistan is a (Western) political effort.
• Force flexibility.
• Force flexibility.
This is limited by the UN’s lack of sufficient capabilities in the area of planning, and command and control, as well as an inflexible force generation system.
This is limited by the UN’s lack of sufficient capabilities in the area of planning, and command and control, as well as an inflexible force generation system.
• A fragmented and inflexible UN system (i.e., bureaucracy), including dysfunctional financial mechanisms.
• A fragmented and inflexible UN system (i.e., bureaucracy), including dysfunctional financial mechanisms.
Particularly, the UN’s lack of a common funding system and the fact that the organization is not sufficiently able to adapt its financial mechanisms in a way that ensures a flexible and responsive reaction to needs on the ground.
Particularly, the UN’s lack of a common funding system and the fact that the organization is not sufficiently able to adapt its financial mechanisms in a way that ensures a flexible and responsive reaction to needs on the ground.
This often prevents a timely availability of financial and other resources.
This often prevents a timely availability of financial and other resources.
The conclusion therefore, is that the UN has to get its priorities right.
The conclusion therefore, is that the UN has to get its priorities right.
Panel 3 The European Union’s Approach to Multidimensional and Integrated Peace Operations: Concepts and Challenges
Panel 3 The European Union’s Approach to Multidimensional and Integrated Peace Operations: Concepts and Challenges
The main message from the EU was that cooperation with the UN is vital and that resolutions in the UN Security Council are the preferable legal base for EU operations.
The main message from the EU was that cooperation with the UN is vital and that resolutions in the UN Security Council are the preferable legal base for EU operations.
The EU has within a very short time built a crisis management capability and is currently running a total of 15 operations (11 civilian ops/4 military ops), totaling about 10 000 personnel under EU flag on several continents.
The EU has within a very short time built a crisis management capability and is currently running a total of 15 operations (11 civilian ops/4 military ops), totaling about 10 000 personnel under EU flag on several continents.
Since the beginning of the EU’s participation in international operations in 1999, the goal has been integrated solutions.
Since the beginning of the EU’s participation in international operations in 1999, the goal has been integrated solutions.
The EU is a global actor in crisis management and covers the whole specter from military to civilian operations, security sector reform, police reform etc.
The EU is a global actor in crisis management and covers the whole specter from military to civilian operations, security sector reform, police reform etc.
The EU’s focus on effective multilateralism is provided through the European Security Strategy (2003).
The EU’s focus on effective multilateralism is provided through the European Security Strategy (2003).
Complex challenges require solutions that focus on getting in at an early stage, referred to as “preventive engagement”.
Complex challenges require solutions that focus on getting in at an early stage, referred to as “preventive engagement”.
Inherent in this is a plan for an end stage, a roadmap, an exit strategy and cooperation with other international actors.
Inherent in this is a plan for an end stage, a roadmap, an exit strategy and cooperation with other international actors.
Civilian-military coordination implies from the EU point of view that all military operations should be part of a larger civilian effort to be successful.
Civilian-military coordination implies from the EU point of view that all military operations should be part of a larger civilian effort to be successful.
Many civilian missions need military support and protection.
Many civilian missions need military support and protection.
The EU’s military capacities will play an important role in that regard and its main efforts will be directed towards reconstruction, security sector reform, economic support, security and development, and long-term stabilization.
The EU’s military capacities will play an important role in that regard and its main efforts will be directed towards reconstruction, security sector reform, economic support, security and development, and long-term stabilization.
However, development has also a security element and ESDP operations may create security in order to facilitate development.
However, development has also a security element and ESDP operations may create security in order to facilitate development.
The Aceh-operation was pointed out as a model for a successful integrated mission with participation from the EU Council, the Commission, the Parliament and other EU institutions.
The Aceh-operation was pointed out as a model for a successful integrated mission with participation from the EU Council, the Commission, the Parliament and other EU institutions.
According to the EU perspective, the organization’s potential for integrated missions has not yet been exhausted, but is hindered by internal EU politics.
According to the EU perspective, the organization’s potential for integrated missions has not yet been exhausted, but is hindered by internal EU politics.
However, the impending EU Reform Treaty will likely make coordination within the EU better and facilitate even more integrated solutions.
However, the impending EU Reform Treaty will likely make coordination within the EU better and facilitate even more integrated solutions.
As a part of the Council Secretariat, two new bodies have been established: a civilian/military cell in the EU Military Staff and an Operations Centre.
As a part of the Council Secretariat, two new bodies have been established: a civilian/military cell in the EU Military Staff and an Operations Centre.
A common concern during this session was challenges linked to the fragmentation of the instruments and actors available for integrated operations.
A common concern during this session was challenges linked to the fragmentation of the instruments and actors available for integrated operations.
Although operations are different, the organizations face similar challenges.
Although operations are different, the organizations face similar challenges.
There is much to gain by more cooperation in the field between NATO, the EU and the UN.
There is much to gain by more cooperation in the field between NATO, the EU and the UN.
And such cooperation is possible due to overlapping and compatible capabilities.
And such cooperation is possible due to overlapping and compatible capabilities.
This, however, would work even better if properly planned in advance.
This, however, would work even better if properly planned in advance.
Better advance planning calls for a more institutionalized process to get the most out of available resources.
Better advance planning calls for a more institutionalized process to get the most out of available resources.
The primary challenge is that the security environment is very fragmented and that there are too many actors on the scene.
The primary challenge is that the security environment is very fragmented and that there are too many actors on the scene.
Another major challenge on the civilian side is how to finance operations.
Another major challenge on the civilian side is how to finance operations.
Should means for operations be kept in a stabilization fund or a trust fund?
Should means for operations be kept in a stabilization fund or a trust fund?
That is the case for AU operations in Africa.
That is the case for AU operations in Africa.
What about security sector reform that requires increased cooperation between different organizations?
What about security sector reform that requires increased cooperation between different organizations?
The EU underlined the good internal cooperation between the different EU bodies in this field and emphasized that the EU should be more eager to promote its successes in promoting security sector reform.
The EU underlined the good internal cooperation between the different EU bodies in this field and emphasized that the EU should be more eager to promote its successes in promoting security sector reform.
It is important to improve the cooperation between the international organizations to prevent an increase in the number of international conflicts.
It is important to improve the cooperation between the international organizations to prevent an increase in the number of international conflicts.
The world is as complex to the EU as it is to NATO and the UN.
The world is as complex to the EU as it is to NATO and the UN.
Today, the EU is increasingly taking on tasks that used to be handled by the UN.
Today, the EU is increasingly taking on tasks that used to be handled by the UN.
In sum, all institutions meet the same challenges and the only way to handle them is to improve the bureaucracy and make things simpler.
In sum, all institutions meet the same challenges and the only way to handle them is to improve the bureaucracy and make things simpler.
The audience posed a most pertinent question: when do crisis management end and development start?
The audience posed a most pertinent question: when do crisis management end and development start?
The answer given was that in order to succeed, development should start as early as possible in light of the security situation.
The answer given was that in order to succeed, development should start as early as possible in light of the security situation.
Panel 4 NATO’s Approach to Multidimensional and Integrated Pace Operations: Concepts and Challenges
Panel 4 NATO’s Approach to Multidimensional and Integrated Pace Operations: Concepts and Challenges
NATO’s Strategic Concept (1999) provides the overall guidance for the development of detailed policies and military plans for NATO.
NATO’s Strategic Concept (1999) provides the overall guidance for the development of detailed policies and military plans for NATO.
While security primarily used to be defined in military terms, this document also includes political, environmental, economic and social aspects in addition to the military element.
While security primarily used to be defined in military terms, this document also includes political, environmental, economic and social aspects in addition to the military element.
NATO has a strong focus on developing its own concept for integrated missions, the “Comprehensive Approach”, to contribute to stabilization and reconstruction, realizing that today’s challenges requires a wide spectrum of civil and military instruments.
NATO has a strong focus on developing its own concept for integrated missions, the “Comprehensive Approach”, to contribute to stabilization and reconstruction, realizing that today’s challenges requires a wide spectrum of civil and military instruments.
However, NATO has no intentions to develop capabilities strictly for civilian purposes.
However, NATO has no intentions to develop capabilities strictly for civilian purposes.
The primary challenge for NATO all along has been that they only have military tools at their disposal, which means NATO’s contribution to a comprehensive approach has to be seen within a larger framework – preferably the UN – in which all available tools and instruments are applied, including diplomatic, political, economic and military.
The primary challenge for NATO all along has been that they only have military tools at their disposal, which means NATO’s contribution to a comprehensive approach has to be seen within a larger framework – preferably the UN – in which all available tools and instruments are applied, including diplomatic, political, economic and military.
NATO’s efforts so far have been fairly ad-hoc and there is a need for a standardized approach, but without threatening the independence and autonomy of each participating organization – including NATO’s decision-making autonomy.
NATO’s efforts so far have been fairly ad-hoc and there is a need for a standardized approach, but without threatening the independence and autonomy of each participating organization – including NATO’s decision-making autonomy.
The concrete driver for a comprehensive approach in NATO can largely be traced to the tactical and operational levels.
The concrete driver for a comprehensive approach in NATO can largely be traced to the tactical and operational levels.
During operations such as in Afghanistan, people in the field have found pragmatic ways to work together in order to solve problems and to achieve the desirable goals and effects set forth in the mandates.
During operations such as in Afghanistan, people in the field have found pragmatic ways to work together in order to solve problems and to achieve the desirable goals and effects set forth in the mandates.
One notable and enduring challenge is the scepticism expressed by many NGOs in working together with the military, both in the Afghan theatre and elsewhere.
One notable and enduring challenge is the scepticism expressed by many NGOs in working together with the military, both in the Afghan theatre and elsewhere.
Playing into this is also the sheer number of NGOs in Afghanistan – an estimated 2 000 NGOs currently operate within Afghanistan – making it impossible and even undesirable to coordinate all these humanitarian efforts.
Playing into this is also the sheer number of NGOs in Afghanistan – an estimated 2 000 NGOs currently operate within Afghanistan – making it impossible and even undesirable to coordinate all these humanitarian efforts.
Adding to the complexity is that many NGOs were already engaged in Afghanistan prior to NATO’s arrival.
Adding to the complexity is that many NGOs were already engaged in Afghanistan prior to NATO’s arrival.
The ongoing dialog in NATO today about the comprehensive approach is basically stuck at the strategic level.
The ongoing dialog in NATO today about the comprehensive approach is basically stuck at the strategic level.
The challenge – as expressed by several of the participants – is largely related to the lack of political resolve, leading to a less than clear political guidance at the lower echelons.
The challenge – as expressed by several of the participants – is largely related to the lack of political resolve, leading to a less than clear political guidance at the lower echelons.
One of the possible root causes for this – which there seemed to be a wide consensus about – was the lack of cooperation and coordination within the various capitals in so far as agreeing to a coherent and consistent national policy, but also a lack of coordination as such within and between organizations themselves, ultimately leading to confusion and inconsistency.
One of the possible root causes for this – which there seemed to be a wide consensus about – was the lack of cooperation and coordination within the various capitals in so far as agreeing to a coherent and consistent national policy, but also a lack of coordination as such within and between organizations themselves, ultimately leading to confusion and inconsistency.
While establishing concise and clearly defined comprehensive political objectives was important, it was equally important to have these objectives understood and shared by all the actors in the field, i.e., “be on the same page”.
While establishing concise and clearly defined comprehensive political objectives was important, it was equally important to have these objectives understood and shared by all the actors in the field, i.e., “be on the same page”.
There is, however, a wide recognition that NATO’s comprehensive approach effort is, and should be, a part of a broader integrated mission concept and in practice based on a UN mandate.
There is, however, a wide recognition that NATO’s comprehensive approach effort is, and should be, a part of a broader integrated mission concept and in practice based on a UN mandate.
A unique strength offered by NATO – as pointed out by one of the participants – is their expertise and experiences in mission planning at all levels, including the strategic, operative and tactical levels.
A unique strength offered by NATO – as pointed out by one of the participants – is their expertise and experiences in mission planning at all levels, including the strategic, operative and tactical levels.
This strength should be utilized more vigorously during integrated missions planning processes, especially at the UN.
This strength should be utilized more vigorously during integrated missions planning processes, especially at the UN.
Today, coordinated planning is partially done through having military liaisons at the UN, but this capacity seems to be underutilized and clearly insufficient.
Today, coordinated planning is partially done through having military liaisons at the UN, but this capacity seems to be underutilized and clearly insufficient.
In conclusion, a recommendation was made about five guiding principles that could steer NATO towards a successful comprehensive approach:
In conclusion, a recommendation was made about five guiding principles that could steer NATO towards a successful comprehensive approach:
• local ownership • coordination with other actors • strengthened capabilities for civil-military interface • political direction and guidance from the North Atlantic Council • pragmatism and flexibility.
• local ownership • coordination with other actors • strengthened capabilities for civil-military interface • political direction and guidance from the North Atlantic Council • pragmatism and flexibility.
Based on these principles four areas needed to be improved: • better civilian and military assessment on the ground • a more thorough and systematic approach to lessons learned • enhanced cooperation with other actors at all levels • a comprehensive approach to public information.
Based on these principles four areas needed to be improved: • better civilian and military assessment on the ground • a more thorough and systematic approach to lessons learned • enhanced cooperation with other actors at all levels • a comprehensive approach to public information.
Panel 5 Achieving Integrated Operations
Panel 5 Achieving Integrated Operations
The political discussions within the UN, EU and NATO basically raise similar concerns and questions.
The political discussions within the UN, EU and NATO basically raise similar concerns and questions.
The realization is clearly that integrated planning is the solution, and the need for a holistic approach in dealing with humanitarian crises.
The realization is clearly that integrated planning is the solution, and the need for a holistic approach in dealing with humanitarian crises.
Without security, no development, and without development no security.
Without security, no development, and without development no security.
On the bright side, there seems to be indications that the international community is getting better at integrated operations, something that has been confirmed through a decrease in the number of conflicts and killed people around the world.
On the bright side, there seems to be indications that the international community is getting better at integrated operations, something that has been confirmed through a decrease in the number of conflicts and killed people around the world.
Integrated missions are, however, an evolving instrument.
Integrated missions are, however, an evolving instrument.
One problem has been to achieve coherence at the member state level, realizing working together is very demanding both within countries and between international organizations.
One problem has been to achieve coherence at the member state level, realizing working together is very demanding both within countries and between international organizations.
The EU, for example, has been engaged in an internal debate about the feasibility and desirability of integrated missions, and still has a long way to go before a consensus is reached.
The EU, for example, has been engaged in an internal debate about the feasibility and desirability of integrated missions, and still has a long way to go before a consensus is reached.
There seemed to be broad consensus about the importance of establishing and agreeing upon top-level objectives early on, and subsequently have them cascade down in the system.
There seemed to be broad consensus about the importance of establishing and agreeing upon top-level objectives early on, and subsequently have them cascade down in the system.
Effective multilateralism is the way forward.
Effective multilateralism is the way forward.
This is what the new UN doctrine under development by the DPKO will be attempting to achieve.
This is what the new UN doctrine under development by the DPKO will be attempting to achieve.
While a lot of decisions can be made in the field, many can and should be decided in advance at the strategic level.
While a lot of decisions can be made in the field, many can and should be decided in advance at the strategic level.
A comprehensive approach should be implemented at the planning stage to promote responsibility and accountability.
A comprehensive approach should be implemented at the planning stage to promote responsibility and accountability.