natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The Arkivet (The Archive) was opened in 2001 on the grounds of the former regional Gestapo headquarters in Kristiansand.
The Arkivet (The Archive) was opened in 2001 on the grounds of the former regional Gestapo headquarters in Kristiansand.
The North Sea Traffic c Museum in Telavåg was opened in 1998 (The Telavåg tragedy and illegal boat traffic across the North Sea during WWII).
The North Sea Traffic c Museum in Telavåg was opened in 1998 (The Telavåg tragedy and illegal boat traffic across the North Sea during WWII).
Research The Centre for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities carries out research and provides documentation, education and information on the Holocaust, other genocides, and the situation of religious minorities in modern society.
Research The Centre for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities carries out research and provides documentation, education and information on the Holocaust, other genocides, and the situation of religious minorities in modern society.
The Centre has a permanent exhibition on the Holocaust and the Nazi State’s mass murder of other groups and other genocides in the 20th century.
The Centre has a permanent exhibition on the Holocaust and the Nazi State’s mass murder of other groups and other genocides in the 20th century.
Several research projects of varying size and duration are currently in progress.
Several research projects of varying size and duration are currently in progress.
The Centre also organizes international academic conferences and seminars.
The Centre also organizes international academic conferences and seminars.
During the Norwegian ITF chairmanship in 2009 the Holocaust Centre will organize an international academic conference in Oslo in cooperation with the ITF entitled “Towards an Integrated Perspective on the Nazi Policy of Mass Murder”.
During the Norwegian ITF chairmanship in 2009 the Holocaust Centre will organize an international academic conference in Oslo in cooperation with the ITF entitled “Towards an Integrated Perspective on the Nazi Policy of Mass Murder”.
Research on the Norwegian chapter of the Holocaust is also in progress at the universities in Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim and at the Arkivet Foundation in Kristiansand.
Research on the Norwegian chapter of the Holocaust is also in progress at the universities in Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim and at the Arkivet Foundation in Kristiansand.
The Falstad Memorial and Human Rights Centre is conducting research on the Nazi camp system, forced labour and cultures of remembrance.
The Falstad Memorial and Human Rights Centre is conducting research on the Nazi camp system, forced labour and cultures of remembrance.
Important research projects at the Centre for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities: The Participation of the Norwegian Police in the Arrest and Deportation of Jews from Norway, October/November 1942.
Important research projects at the Centre for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities: The Participation of the Norwegian Police in the Arrest and Deportation of Jews from Norway, October/November 1942.
During the war many people assisted the Nazis in the arrest and deportation of the Jews from Norway.
During the war many people assisted the Nazis in the arrest and deportation of the Jews from Norway.
The Construct of “the Jew” in the Norwegian Public 1814-1940.
The Construct of “the Jew” in the Norwegian Public 1814-1940.
The project focuses on the Norwegian public, the church, the press and the popular literature.
The project focuses on the Norwegian public, the church, the press and the popular literature.
Norwegian Volunteers in the Waffen SS, 1940-1945.
Norwegian Volunteers in the Waffen SS, 1940-1945.
A three-year project funded by the Norwegian Government which aims to synthesise a new historical understanding of the phenomenon of Norwegian volunteers in Nazi Germany’s Waffen SS during the Second World War.
A three-year project funded by the Norwegian Government which aims to synthesise a new historical understanding of the phenomenon of Norwegian volunteers in Nazi Germany’s Waffen SS during the Second World War.
The Soviet Union and the Genocide Convention: An Exercise in Cold War Politics.
The Soviet Union and the Genocide Convention: An Exercise in Cold War Politics.
Migration and Belonging: A Comparative Study of Memory and Ethnicity Construction among Refugees and Labour Migrants in Norway.
Migration and Belonging: A Comparative Study of Memory and Ethnicity Construction among Refugees and Labour Migrants in Norway.
Contribution to the Task Force Holocaust 10 years anniversary
Bidrag til 10-årsmarkeringen for Task Force Holocaust
More information: www.holocausttaskforce.org
More information: www.holocausttaskforce.org
Oslo, 24 June 2009
Oslo, 24. juni 2009
The question “how could the Holocaust happen” can never be asked and answered too many times – it needs to be asked and answered again and again, from one generation to the next.
The question “how could the Holocaust happen” can never be asked and answered too many times – it needs to be asked and answered again and again, from one generation to the next.
Because the question is not only a question of certain historical facts, it is an eternal reminder of what the human mind is capable of initiating”, Foreign Minister Støre said to the meeting.
Because the question is not only a question of certain historical facts, it is an eternal reminder of what the human mind is capable of initiating”, sa utenriksminister Støre bl.a. i sin tale til møtet.
Professor Bauer Excellencies Ladies and gentlemen Friends
Professor Bauer Excellencies Ladies and gentlemen Friends
Welcome to Oslo and to the plenary meeting of the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research (ITF).
Welcome to Oslo and to the plenary meeting of the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research (ITF).
Norway is proud to host this important gathering – as we are proud of assuming the chair of the ITF.
Norway is proud to host this important gathering – as we are proud of assuming the chair of the ITF.
We will engage actively and do our utmost to take this crucial initiative forward.
We will engage actively and do our utmost to take this crucial initiative forward.
Genocide starts with people.
Genocide starts with people.
It is people who create an environment of fear.
It is people who create an environment of fear.
It is people who commit the atrocities – wherever they occur.
It is people who commit the atrocities – wherever they occur.
History has demonstrated time and again: Cruelty cannot be linked to nationality, ethnicity or religion.
History has demonstrated time and again: Cruelty cannot be linked to nationality, ethnicity or religion.
It can surface anywhere, at any time.
It can surface anywhere, at any time.
However, so too can the will to fight it.
However, so too can the will to fight it.
The human mind can be a most inhuman weapon – but it is also our most formidable power.
The human mind can be a most inhuman weapon – but it is also our most formidable power.
For many generations of Norwegians, the building Victoria Terrasse that houses the Foreign Ministry where I work, is a strong symbol of a dark period of our history.
For many generations of Norwegians, the building Victoria Terrasse that houses the Foreign Ministry where I work, is a strong symbol of a dark period of our history.
In its cellar, prisoners were tortured by the Gestapo between 1940 and 1945.
In its cellar, prisoners were tortured by the Gestapo between 1940 and 1945.
Today, two floors above the torture chambers, the Foreign Ministry staff working on human rights, peace, reconciliation and humanitarian efforts have their offices.
Today, two floors above the torture chambers, the Foreign Ministry staff working on human rights, peace, reconciliation and humanitarian efforts have their offices.
If we look at this from a wider perspective, we see that it was the fight for freedom and democracy that made this transition possible.
If we look at this from a wider perspective, we see that it was the fight for freedom and democracy that made this transition possible.
People took responsibility, fought evil, chose a new direction and renewed the building’s soul.
People took responsibility, fought evil, chose a new direction and renewed the building’s soul.
Villa Grande – which today houses the Holocaust Centre - was built by a great Norwegian industrialist and its strong and monumental architecture makes it a landmark in Oslo.
Villa Grande – which today houses the Holocaust Centre - was built by a great Norwegian industrialist and its strong and monumental architecture makes it a landmark in Oslo.
But the building’s message has not always been the same.
But the building’s message has not always been the same.
During the Second World War, Villa Grande became the home and base of the Norwegian Nazi collaborator Vidkun Quisling – a symbol of dishonour and treason.
During the Second World War, Villa Grande became the home and base of the Norwegian Nazi collaborator Vidkun Quisling – a symbol of dishonour and treason.
This shaped the soul of the building at the time and for many years afterwards.
This shaped the soul of the building at the time and for many years afterwards.
From the top of the building people must have been able to observe the ships carrying Jews to the extermination camps as they sailed down the dark winter fjord of 1942–43.
From the top of the building people must have been able to observe the ships carrying Jews to the extermination camps as they sailed down the dark winter fjord of 1942–43.
Today a new vision has come to Villa Grande, the Holocaust centre.
Today a new vision has come to Villa Grande, the Holocaust centre.
A new vision that has its own story and a new direction.
A new vision that has its own story and a new direction.
We are conveying a new message – driven by the desire to learn from the past, to show how small streams can run together to create a flood of man-made tragedy like the Holocaust.
We are conveying a new message – driven by the desire to learn from the past, to show how small streams can run together to create a flood of man-made tragedy like the Holocaust.
So we learn: Buildings do not have an identity of their own.
So we learn: Buildings do not have an identity of their own.
It is we – acting as responsible citizens who give buildings their identity, their flavour and their message.
It is we – acting as responsible citizens who give buildings their identity, their flavour and their message.
In 1998, the ITF was established by forward-looking men like Sweden’s former Prime Minister Göran Persson and Professor Yehuda Bauer.
In 1998, the ITF was established by forward-looking men like Sweden’s former Prime Minister Göran Persson and Professor Yehuda Bauer.
It started with a small group of like-minded countries.
It started with a small group of like-minded countries.
From being a small club of friends, it has developed into a permanent inter-governmental body with 26 member countries from four continents.
From being a small club of friends, it has developed into a permanent inter-governmental body with 26 member countries from four continents.
This demonstrates the importance countries attach to preserving the memory of the Holocaust for future generations.
This demonstrates the importance countries attach to preserving the memory of the Holocaust for future generations.
The Stockholm Declaration stated clearly: The international community shares a responsibility to fight genocide, ethnic cleansing, racism, anti-Semitism and xenophobia, that together we must uphold the terrible truth of the Holocaust against those who deny it, and that we must strengthen the moral commitment of our peoples, and the political commitment of our governments, to ensure that future generations can understand the causes of the Holocaust and reflect upon its consequences.
The Stockholm Declaration stated clearly: The international community shares a responsibility to fight genocide, ethnic cleansing, racism, anti-Semitism and xenophobia, that together we must uphold the terrible truth of the Holocaust against those who deny it, and that we must strengthen the moral commitment of our peoples, and the political commitment of our governments, to ensure that future generations can understand the causes of the Holocaust and reflect upon its consequences.
Since its creation, the ITF has developed a unique network of experts in the fields of Holocaust education, remembrance and research.
Since its creation, the ITF has developed a unique network of experts in the fields of Holocaust education, remembrance and research.
We need organised cooperation in this field.
We need organised cooperation in this field.
We need to strengthen remembrance of the Holocaust and we need the ITF to help us confront increasing anti-Semitism, racism and exclusion of groups in our societies.
We need to strengthen remembrance of the Holocaust and we need the ITF to help us confront increasing anti-Semitism, racism and exclusion of groups in our societies.
Since 1998 the ITF has expanded.
Since 1998 the ITF has expanded.
And as with any organisation who expands its size and mission we need to ask if we are organised in order to cope accordingly.
And as with any organisation who expands its size and mission we need to ask if we are organised in order to cope accordingly.
The eye witnesses to the Holocaust are passing away.
The eye witnesses to the Holocaust are passing away.
Knowledge of our dark past is necessary to fight contemporary anti-Semitism and other forms of racism.
Knowledge of our dark past is necessary to fight contemporary anti-Semitism and other forms of racism.
We need to organise ourselves to secure the active remembrance and knowledge about the background, purpose and significance of the Holocaust.
We need to organise ourselves to secure the active remembrance and knowledge about the background, purpose and significance of the Holocaust.
It is essential to raise public awareness of genocides in general and our efforts to prevent them.
It is essential to raise public awareness of genocides in general and our efforts to prevent them.
We need to strengthen the ITF as a vehicle for political action.
We need to strengthen the ITF as a vehicle for political action.
It must further strengthen its knowledge base and increase its influence as a political actor on the global scene.
It must further strengthen its knowledge base and increase its influence as a political actor on the global scene.
How can we succeed?
How can we succeed?
How can we transform the knowledge of the past to address present challenges?
How can we transform the knowledge of the past to address present challenges?
The ITF is in a unique position to combat anti-Semitism.
The ITF is in a unique position to combat anti-Semitism.
It is in a unique position to provide governments with input on how to prevent genocide.
It is in a unique position to provide governments with input on how to prevent genocide.
But the ITF, with its reservoir of knowledge, should have a more significant political impact on fundamental questions on today’s global agenda.
But the ITF, with its reservoir of knowledge, should have a more significant political impact on fundamental questions on today’s global agenda.
In order to achieve this, I believe the ITF’s working methods must be improved.
In order to achieve this, I believe the ITF’s working methods must be improved.
The Chair has proposed a package aimed at reforming the ITF along these lines.
The Chair has proposed a package aimed at reforming the ITF along these lines.
The Norwegian Government stands behind this proposal.
The Norwegian Government stands behind this proposal.
I encourage you to make bold decisions to make sure that the ITF continues to be a relevant and sustainable political body.
I encourage you to make bold decisions to make sure that the ITF continues to be a relevant and sustainable political body.
Let me turn to Norway and share with you some reflections on why we have chosen to engage actively with the ITF.
Let me turn to Norway and share with you some reflections on why we have chosen to engage actively with the ITF.
Sixty-seven years ago, the mass arrest of the Norwegian Jews started in occupied Norway and in this city.
Sixty-seven years ago, the mass arrest of the Norwegian Jews started in occupied Norway and in this city.
Today we know – and we need to spell it out loud although it may be painful to some: The decision was taken elsewhere, but the arrests were carried out by uniformed Norwegian police, Norwegian men, who handed over the Norwegian Jews to the German Sicherheitspolizei, who then herded them brutally into the hull of the M/S Donau, the ship used by the Nazi regime to transport prisoners to Germany.
Today we know – and we need to spell it out loud although it may be painful to some: The decision was taken elsewhere, but the arrests were carried out by uniformed Norwegian police, Norwegian men, who handed over the Norwegian Jews to the German Sicherheitspolizei, who then herded them brutally into the hull of the M/S Donau, the ship used by the Nazi regime to transport prisoners to Germany.
The final destination of this and following deportations was Auschwitz.
The final destination of this and following deportations was Auschwitz.
The purpose was annihilation.
The purpose was annihilation.
Following the deportation and killing of one third of Norway’s Jewish population, the Nazi regime directed its destructive measures against the Romany people, advocating a “Jewish solution” for yet another minority group.
Following the deportation and killing of one third of Norway’s Jewish population, the Nazi regime directed its destructive measures against the Romany people, advocating a “Jewish solution” for yet another minority group.
In 1999, Norway was the first country to finalise a restitution process and compensate Jews for their losses and sufferings during the Nazi occupation.
In 1999, Norway was the first country to finalise a restitution process and compensate Jews for their losses and sufferings during the Nazi occupation.
It came late.
It came late.
Nevertheless it was important, not only because of the economic restitution.
Nevertheless it was important, not only because of the economic restitution.
It was important also because the compensation was based on moral considerations and on an acceptance of responsibility for errors of the past.
It was important also because the compensation was based on moral considerations and on an acceptance of responsibility for errors of the past.
In 1814 – when the Norwegian constitution was written and adopted in turbulent political times – it was specifically mentioned that Jews and Jesuits were not allowed into the Kingdom of Norway.
In 1814 – when the Norwegian constitution was written and adopted in turbulent political times – it was specifically mentioned that Jews and Jesuits were not allowed into the Kingdom of Norway.
Last year Norway celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Henrik Wergeland.
Last year Norway celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Henrik Wergeland.
His actions paved the way for the general legalisation of Jewish immigration to Norway in 1851.
His actions paved the way for the general legalisation of Jewish immigration to Norway in 1851.
They came in small numbers – in the early years mainly from Denmark and Germany, and later from Eastern Europe.
They came in small numbers – in the early years mainly from Denmark and Germany, and later from Eastern Europe.
They have since set their positive mark on the Norwegian society.
They have since set their positive mark on the Norwegian society.
To put it into perspective: It is a paradox that at the same time as Jews were moving into Norway in small numbers, fleeing from pogroms and life threatening repression in Eastern Europe, there was mass emigration of Norwegians to the United States because of difficult living conditions in Norway.
To put it into perspective: It is a paradox that at the same time as Jews were moving into Norway in small numbers, fleeing from pogroms and life threatening repression in Eastern Europe, there was mass emigration of Norwegians to the United States because of difficult living conditions in Norway.
Almost 800 000 Norwegians emigrated to the United States between the 1870s and about 1920.
Almost 800 000 Norwegians emigrated to the United States between the 1870s and about 1920.
This is an enormous number, considering that the population of Norway at the turn of the century was 2.2 million.
This is an enormous number, considering that the population of Norway at the turn of the century was 2.2 million.
Although the majority of the Jews settled in Oslo or Trondheim, there were Jewish families in 62 other municipalities all around Norway, often just one or two families, starting small businesses and establishing a new life in a new country.
Although the majority of the Jews settled in Oslo or Trondheim, there were Jewish families in 62 other municipalities all around Norway, often just one or two families, starting small businesses and establishing a new life in a new country.
A special exhibition – “Wergeland’s Legacy.
A special exhibition – “Wergeland’s Legacy.
Jewish Life in Norway 1851–1945” – is now on display at the Museum of the Diaspora in Tel Aviv.
Jewish Life in Norway 1851–1945” – is now on display at the Museum of the Diaspora in Tel Aviv.
The exhibition is the result of cooperation between the Tel Aviv Museum of the Diaspora, the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History and the Oslo Jewish Museum.
The exhibition is the result of cooperation between the Tel Aviv Museum of the Diaspora, the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History and the Oslo Jewish Museum.
The exhibition depicts the lives of people who fled from terror and persecution and who looked for a land where they “could sleep securely at night”.
The exhibition depicts the lives of people who fled from terror and persecution and who looked for a land where they “could sleep securely at night”.
The exhibition also tells about the confrontation of the Jewish people with a culture that was foreign to them and their struggle to put down roots in a new country.
The exhibition also tells about the confrontation of the Jewish people with a culture that was foreign to them and their struggle to put down roots in a new country.
The story of Jewish life and culture in Norway is a story of a minority group that came to Norway 150 years ago, but it is also a metaphor – of the triumph of hope over despair.
The story of Jewish life and culture in Norway is a story of a minority group that came to Norway 150 years ago, but it is also a metaphor – of the triumph of hope over despair.
It is the story of a small Jewish community that emerged in Norway many years ago and never numbered more than a couple of thousand individuals, endured the difficult years of the Holocaust, then reconstituted itself after the war and found its place as part of Norwegian society once again.
It is the story of a small Jewish community that emerged in Norway many years ago and never numbered more than a couple of thousand individuals, endured the difficult years of the Holocaust, then reconstituted itself after the war and found its place as part of Norwegian society once again.
They not only survived.
They not only survived.
They managed to rebuild their strength and their culture.
They managed to rebuild their strength and their culture.
Again we need to ask: How could the Holocaust happen?
Again we need to ask: How could the Holocaust happen?
In the search for an answer we need to understand our history.
In the search for an answer we need to understand our history.
But we also have to thoroughly understand our own contemporary societies.
But we also have to thoroughly understand our own contemporary societies.
We need to look into how chaos can suddenly replace normality and how humanity can be lost.
We need to look into how chaos can suddenly replace normality and how humanity can be lost.