natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
As reality changes in the Arctic Ocean, we are fortunate to already have in place a robust framework of international law.
As reality changes in the Arctic Ocean, we are fortunate to already have in place a robust framework of international law.
In particular the international Law of the Sea provides the necessary framework to ensure responsible management of the Arctic Ocean and its resources.
In particular the international Law of the Sea provides the necessary framework to ensure responsible management of the Arctic Ocean and its resources.
But rules are not enough.
But rules are not enough.
We need to continue to effectively implement these rules, both nationally and in cooperation with neighbouring coastal states and others.
We need to continue to effectively implement these rules, both nationally and in cooperation with neighbouring coastal states and others.
In Ilulissat in Greenland, the five Arctic coastal states (Canada, Denmark, Russia, the United States and Norway) agreed that challenges in this region have more to do with lacking implementation of existing rules, than with a lack of rules.
In Ilulissat in Greenland, the five Arctic coastal states (Canada, Denmark, Russia, the United States and Norway) agreed that challenges in this region have more to do with lacking implementation of existing rules, than with a lack of rules.
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides a comprehensive legal framework for the peaceful use of seas and oceans that is also fully applicable to the Arctic region.
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea provides a comprehensive legal framework for the peaceful use of seas and oceans that is also fully applicable to the Arctic region.
Let me add that I hope we will se the United States joining this legal framework as soon as possible.
Let me add that I hope we will se the United States joining this legal framework as soon as possible.
Incoming secretary of sate Hillary Clinton stated in the congressional hearing last week that this is something she will work for.
Incoming secretary of sate Hillary Clinton stated in the congressional hearing last week that this is something she will work for.
This provides a solid foundation for responsible management by the five coastal states and other users of the Arctic Ocean through national implementation and application of relevant provisions.
This provides a solid foundation for responsible management by the five coastal states and other users of the Arctic Ocean through national implementation and application of relevant provisions.
There is no need for a new comprehensive international legal regime to govern the Arctic.
There is no need for a new comprehensive international legal regime to govern the Arctic.
Scarcity of fish and the potentially vast petroleum resources in the Arctic have led to a stronger need to draw maritime boundaries.
Scarcity of fish and the potentially vast petroleum resources in the Arctic have led to a stronger need to draw maritime boundaries.
Resolving boundary issues could open up new possibilities for long-term cooperation between neighbouring states.
Resolving boundary issues could open up new possibilities for long-term cooperation between neighbouring states.
Our own experience in the North Sea is a good example.
Our own experience in the North Sea is a good example.
Clarifying our respective areas of responsibility through the delimitation of maritime areas will help ensure long-term energy supplies and vital energy security.
Clarifying our respective areas of responsibility through the delimitation of maritime areas will help ensure long-term energy supplies and vital energy security.
Reaching agreement on the outstanding delimitation issues in the Barents Sea will be vital for the development of the energy sector in the area.
Reaching agreement on the outstanding delimitation issues in the Barents Sea will be vital for the development of the energy sector in the area.
Norway has put a lot of emphasis on mapping the outer limits of its continental shelf, in accordance with the Convention on the Law of the Sea, and on trying to resolve all outstanding delimitation issues with our neighbours.
Norway has put a lot of emphasis on mapping the outer limits of its continental shelf, in accordance with the Convention on the Law of the Sea, and on trying to resolve all outstanding delimitation issues with our neighbours.
As I said, these areas are undergoing important changes due to the melting ice.
As I said, these areas are undergoing important changes due to the melting ice.
Mapping the limits of the continental shelf and settling outstanding boundary issues will therefore be an increasing priority.
Mapping the limits of the continental shelf and settling outstanding boundary issues will therefore be an increasing priority.
We have made progress with Russia in this field, after more than 30 years of negotiations.
We have made progress with Russia in this field, after more than 30 years of negotiations.
An agreement on a small area in the southernmost part of the Barents Sea was signed in 2007 and ratified last year.
An agreement on a small area in the southernmost part of the Barents Sea was signed in 2007 and ratified last year.
The first area where we can expect radical changes in the human activity is maritime transport.
The first area where we can expect radical changes in the human activity is maritime transport.
We are already experiencing a sharp increase in cruise tourism, and if the ice disappears we may soon see a manifold increase in shipping, with intercontinental transportation of goods being rerouted across the North Pole.
We are already experiencing a sharp increase in cruise tourism, and if the ice disappears we may soon see a manifold increase in shipping, with intercontinental transportation of goods being rerouted across the North Pole.
Last week we had a dramatic incident in the area when the Russian trawler “Topaz A” with a crew of 19 started to take in water off Bear Island, and eventually sank.
Last week we had a dramatic incident in the area when the Russian trawler “Topaz A” with a crew of 19 started to take in water off Bear Island, and eventually sank.
We were able to save everyone except the captain, but we have no guarantee that we will be able to prevent such, or even larger, tragedies, given the vast distances and the increasing activity.
We were able to save everyone except the captain, but we have no guarantee that we will be able to prevent such, or even larger, tragedies, given the vast distances and the increasing activity.
Our search and rescue capacity must be enhanced to meet future needs.
Our search and rescue capacity must be enhanced to meet future needs.
Closer regional cooperation on search and rescue in the Arctic Ocean is needed, as regards both capacities and procedures, , and the Arctic Council is seeking to develop such procedures in accordance with the rules of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Closer regional cooperation on search and rescue in the Arctic Ocean is needed, as regards both capacities and procedures, , and the Arctic Council is seeking to develop such procedures in accordance with the rules of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
This must be followed up actively.
This must be followed up actively.
As a nation with a large shipping industry, Norway has strong interests in the safety of navigation.
As a nation with a large shipping industry, Norway has strong interests in the safety of navigation.
The increased navigation in the Arctic Ocean must be met with appropriate international regulations, and I would strongly advocate that the IMO put Arctic waters with related topics higher up on the organisation’s agenda.
The increased navigation in the Arctic Ocean must be met with appropriate international regulations, and I would strongly advocate that the IMO put Arctic waters with related topics higher up on the organisation’s agenda.
The ongoing work of revising the voluntary Guidelines for Polar Navigation must be completed as soon as possible, to meet the challenges related to security and environmental issues in Arctic waters in a satisfactory manner.
The ongoing work of revising the voluntary Guidelines for Polar Navigation must be completed as soon as possible, to meet the challenges related to security and environmental issues in Arctic waters in a satisfactory manner.
In Norway’s view these guidelines should be made binding once the revision has been completed.
In Norway’s view these guidelines should be made binding once the revision has been completed.
The prospect of developing the Arctic petroleum province is perhaps the single factor that more than anything else has triggered interest in the High North over the past few years.
The prospect of developing the Arctic petroleum province is perhaps the single factor that more than anything else has triggered interest in the High North over the past few years.
Some estimates indicate that the region holds deposits of significant importance in the overall global perspective; perhaps more than 20 per cent of the world’s total of undiscovered resources.
Some estimates indicate that the region holds deposits of significant importance in the overall global perspective; perhaps more than 20 per cent of the world’s total of undiscovered resources.
However, stake-holders are moving slowly.
However, stake-holders are moving slowly.
The prospects for offshore oil and gas activities in the region are more uncertain today compared to the situation a year ago, due to the sharp drop in energy prices following the financial crisis, coupled with the development costs.
The prospects for offshore oil and gas activities in the region are more uncertain today compared to the situation a year ago, due to the sharp drop in energy prices following the financial crisis, coupled with the development costs.
It took four years for oil prices to move from USD 35 per barrel in 2004, to USD 147 in July 2008, but only six months to return to USD 35.
It took four years for oil prices to move from USD 35 per barrel in 2004, to USD 147 in July 2008, but only six months to return to USD 35.
Given the magnitude of the investments needed, companies naturally have to think more than twice.
Given the magnitude of the investments needed, companies naturally have to think more than twice.
In the government’s strategy for the High North, there are two dimensions that cut across all sectors:
In the government’s strategy for the High North, there are two dimensions that cut across all sectors:
One is the aspect of international cooperation in any given field of activity.
One is the aspect of international cooperation in any given field of activity.
The other is knowledge, education and research, which are fundamental in any efforts to create good living conditions for people in the north, and also for laying the foundations for a sound and environmentally safe economic development in the future.
The other is knowledge, education and research, which are fundamental in any efforts to create good living conditions for people in the north, and also for laying the foundations for a sound and environmentally safe economic development in the future.
Showing a presence in areas where we have interests to defend – and I mean both areas of expertise and geographical areas – is important.
Showing a presence in areas where we have interests to defend – and I mean both areas of expertise and geographical areas – is important.
Geographically, these areas extend beyond Svalbard, to Jan Mayen and the mainland in Northern Norway.
Geographically, these areas extend beyond Svalbard, to Jan Mayen and the mainland in Northern Norway.
Because of the small population spread over a vast area, it is difficult to create the “critical mass” required to establish a good research and educational environment in several places at the same time.
Because of the small population spread over a vast area, it is difficult to create the “critical mass” required to establish a good research and educational environment in several places at the same time.
However, ladies and gentlemen, there is a solution: Network-building and cooperation across institutions and national borders.
However, ladies and gentlemen, there is a solution: Network-building and cooperation across institutions and national borders.
The University of the Arctic, which is a network of higher education institutions at high latitudes (but spread over many longitudes), is a good example.
The University of the Arctic, which is a network of higher education institutions at high latitudes (but spread over many longitudes), is a good example.
The network offers courses in Arctic studies based on harmonised curricula, irrespective of whether students are located in Alta, Fairbanks or Yakutsk.
The network offers courses in Arctic studies based on harmonised curricula, irrespective of whether students are located in Alta, Fairbanks or Yakutsk.
We also have to focus our energy on areas where we can play a leading role globally, where we can make a difference.
We also have to focus our energy on areas where we can play a leading role globally, where we can make a difference.
One example is knowledge of the Arctic, of ice conditions and climate, an area where we have a long-standing expertise and unique research capabilities.
One example is knowledge of the Arctic, of ice conditions and climate, an area where we have a long-standing expertise and unique research capabilities.
We are well underway in establishing Tromsø as a leading centre in this field.
We are well underway in establishing Tromsø as a leading centre in this field.
Another example is expertise on indigenous peoples – not just knowledge of their language, culture, traditional livelihoods and history, but also expertise in the fields of legislation, administration, rights and education related to indigenous peoples living in a modern society.
Another example is expertise on indigenous peoples – not just knowledge of their language, culture, traditional livelihoods and history, but also expertise in the fields of legislation, administration, rights and education related to indigenous peoples living in a modern society.
I might also mention the maritime sector.
I might also mention the maritime sector.
Let me also underline the importance of mobility.
Let me also underline the importance of mobility.
Here I am talking about exchanges of researchers, teachers and students that go beyond those provided automatically by a free international education and labour market.
Here I am talking about exchanges of researchers, teachers and students that go beyond those provided automatically by a free international education and labour market.
From my point of view, this is particularly important regarding exchanges between Norway and Russia.
From my point of view, this is particularly important regarding exchanges between Norway and Russia.
Several institutions in North Norway, such as the university colleges in Bodø, Harstad and Alta and others have made great efforts in this area, with remarkable results.
Several institutions in North Norway, such as the university colleges in Bodø, Harstad and Alta and others have made great efforts in this area, with remarkable results.
Visiting these university colleges is like visiting a miniature High North, where Russian students who speak fluent Norwegian are studying for their degrees.
Visiting these university colleges is like visiting a miniature High North, where Russian students who speak fluent Norwegian are studying for their degrees.
The most important element of the knowledge structure we want to build in the north is scientific research in priority areas:
The most important element of the knowledge structure we want to build in the north is scientific research in priority areas:
Environmental research and monitoring, where Svalbard is in a unique position,
Environmental research and monitoring, where Svalbard is in a unique position,
Energy, both oil and gas and renewable energy,
Energy, both oil and gas and renewable energy,
Fisheries and fish farming, including the new, exciting field of marine bio prospecting.
Fisheries and fish farming, including the new, exciting field of marine bio prospecting.
Earmarked funds have been allocated both last year and this year.
Earmarked funds have been allocated both last year and this year.
Marbank and Marino have been established in Tromsø and the new Marine Resources Act provides a new legal basis.
Marbank and Marino have been established in Tromsø and the new Marine Resources Act provides a new legal basis.
Our scientific efforts must go hand in hand with further research in the social sciences, economics, law and humanities.
Our scientific efforts must go hand in hand with further research in the social sciences, economics, law and humanities.
These disciplines are important for understanding the operating parameters and room for manoeuvre – both the possibilities and the limitations – that apply when developing new economic activities and new areas of cooperation.
These disciplines are important for understanding the operating parameters and room for manoeuvre – both the possibilities and the limitations – that apply when developing new economic activities and new areas of cooperation.
An example is the research project Geopolitics in the North, which we have funded with 26 million Norwegian crowns.
An example is the research project Geopolitics in the North, which we have funded with 26 million Norwegian crowns.
The underlying premise is that foreign policy is developed through interaction between the authorities, other foreign policy actors and experts - such as researchers - and interest organisations.
The underlying premise is that foreign policy is developed through interaction between the authorities, other foreign policy actors and experts - such as researchers - and interest organisations.
Encouraging public-private partnerships will be very important.
Encouraging public-private partnerships will be very important.
In November, we launched a chair in the field of maritime logistics in Kirkenes, co-financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and private interests.
In November, we launched a chair in the field of maritime logistics in Kirkenes, co-financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and private interests.
We are also in the process of establishing a similar scheme in the field of earth observations and satellite remote sensing in association with the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Tromsø, initially involving particular collaboration between French, Norwegian and Russian scientists.
We are also in the process of establishing a similar scheme in the field of earth observations and satellite remote sensing in association with the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Tromsø, initially involving particular collaboration between French, Norwegian and Russian scientists.
Svalbard is a particular priority area for us when it comes to encouraging scientific development and cooperation in the north.
Svalbard is a particular priority area for us when it comes to encouraging scientific development and cooperation in the north.
We have invested considerable efforts and resources to build up a unique infrastructure for international research activity in Svalbard, with its unique Arctic conditions.
We have invested considerable efforts and resources to build up a unique infrastructure for international research activity in Svalbard, with its unique Arctic conditions.
Currently 13 nations have permanent research bases in Svalbard and scientists from more than 20 nations carry out research here.
Currently 13 nations have permanent research bases in Svalbard and scientists from more than 20 nations carry out research here.
In December 2008, Svalbard was officially put on the priority list for large European research infrastructures, a roadmap that now includes 44 important research installations in Europe for the future.
In December 2008, Svalbard was officially put on the priority list for large European research infrastructures, a roadmap that now includes 44 important research installations in Europe for the future.
The Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System will invest 400 million NOK over the coming years to upgrade and coordinate the current facilities, both at UNIS and in Ny-Ålesund, making Svalbard a truly European platform for monitoring the Artic climate, but also including partners from other parts of the world.
The Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System will invest 400 million NOK over the coming years to upgrade and coordinate the current facilities, both at UNIS and in Ny-Ålesund, making Svalbard a truly European platform for monitoring the Artic climate, but also including partners from other parts of the world.
There are plenty of crucial issues to discuss when the High North is on the agenda.
There are plenty of crucial issues to discuss when the High North is on the agenda.
Climate change is our most demanding challenge, which will require massive efforts on our behalf to counter.
Climate change is our most demanding challenge, which will require massive efforts on our behalf to counter.
Concerning the other questions I have touched upon, it seems to me that the international community is about to mobilise to take the necessary joint action, and define the necessary policies - in time.
Concerning the other questions I have touched upon, it seems to me that the international community is about to mobilise to take the necessary joint action, and define the necessary policies - in time.
The High North has traditionally been a region with low tension, and with common challenges to the livelihoods of its people.
The High North has traditionally been a region with low tension, and with common challenges to the livelihoods of its people.
The climate for cooperation is very favourable.
The climate for cooperation is very favourable.
All Arctic nations must join forces to assure the best possible future for the multicultural and multiethnic mosaic which is the High North.
All Arctic nations must join forces to assure the best possible future for the multicultural and multiethnic mosaic which is the High North.
I wish you all an interesting and fruitful conference.
I wish you all an interesting and fruitful conference.
I congratulate the organisers and thank you for your attention.
I congratulate the organisers and thank you for your attention.
* This Opening Address was held by State Secretary Elisabeth Walaas on behalf of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jonas Gahr Støre, because of his illness.
* Talen ble holdt av statssekretær Elisabeth Walaas - på vegne av utenriksminister Jonas Gahr Støre pga utenriksministerens sykdomsforfall.
Perspectives on the Arctic and Norway’s High North Policy
Perspectives on the Arctic and Norway’s High North Policy
Brussels, 20 March 2013
Brussel, 20. mars 2013
“We will continue the constructive cooperation on Arctic issues with the EU and welcome EU’s increased engagement.
“We will continue the constructive cooperation on Arctic issues with the EU and welcome EU’s increased engagement.
We share the commitment for sustainable development, regional cooperation and engaging with Russia”, said Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide in his speech at the Political and Security Committee in the EU on 20 March 2013 in Brussels.
We share the commitment for sustainable development, regional cooperation and engaging with Russia”, sa utenriksminister Espen Barth Eide da han møtte EUs Political and Security Committee i Brussel 20. mars 2013.
Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide based his speech at the Political and Security Committee in the EU, 20 March 2013 in Brussels, on the following points:
Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide based his speech at the Political and Security Committee in the EU, 20 March 2013 in Brussels, on the following points:
I am pleased to be here to continue the high level dialogue between Norway and EU on Arctic affairs.
I am pleased to be here to continue the high level dialogue between Norway and EU on Arctic affairs.