natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Roald Amundsen was the first to navigate the Northwest Passage, from 1903 to 1906, with his ship Gjøa.
Roald Amundsen was the first to navigate the Northwest Passage, from 1903 to 1906, with his ship Gjøa.
Amundsen and his small crew stayed for two years at Gjoa Haven, today Nunavut.
Amundsen and his small crew stayed for two years at Gjoa Haven, today Nunavut.
In fact, Amundsen was also the first to sail through both the Northwest and Northeast Passages, in 1906 and 1920.
In fact, Amundsen was also the first to sail through both the Northwest and Northeast Passages, in 1906 and 1920.
Back then, such expeditions took two to three years.
Back then, such expeditions took two to three years.
In the future, ice may no longer be a barrier to transport between Asia, North America and Europe via the Arctic Ocean.
In the future, ice may no longer be a barrier to transport between Asia, North America and Europe via the Arctic Ocean.
The Northwest Passage.
The Northwest Passage.
Today, merchant ships operating under normal commercial conditions are using the northerly sea routes to cut travel times and costs.
Today, merchant ships operating under normal commercial conditions are using the northerly sea routes to cut travel times and costs.
Volume of shipping likely to increase.
Volume of shipping likely to increase.
However, no immediate prospect of year-round shipping.
However, no immediate prospect of year-round shipping.
Harsh weather and ice continue to cause difficulties.
Harsh weather and ice continue to cause difficulties.
v) Knowledge about the environment and climate change
v) Knowledge about the environment and climate change
The High North is a crucial source of knowledge about the Arctic environment and climate, far beyond the region itself.
The High North is a crucial source of knowledge about the Arctic environment and climate, far beyond the region itself.
Important for global climate policy and for taking the decisions needed.
Important for global climate policy and for taking the decisions needed.
Norway has systematically built up centres of expertise.
Norway has systematically built up centres of expertise.
Svalbard: a unique platform for national and international polar research, with advanced scientific infrastructure in Ny-Ålesund and at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS).
Svalbard: a unique platform for national and international polar research, with advanced scientific infrastructure in Ny-Ålesund and at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS).
vi) Close and innovative cooperation in the High North
vi) Close and innovative cooperation in the High North
Regional cooperation in the High North is pragmatic and focuses on resolving practical cross-border challenges.
Regional cooperation in the High North is pragmatic and focuses on resolving practical cross-border challenges.
The Arctic Council, the Barents Euro-Arctic Council and the Northern Dimension.
The Arctic Council, the Barents Euro-Arctic Council and the Northern Dimension.
vii) New geopolitical centre of gravity in the High North
vii) New geopolitical centre of gravity in the High North
For more than 40 years, strategic and geopolitical interest in the High North was shaped by the logic of the Cold War and the region’s inaccessibility.
For more than 40 years, strategic and geopolitical interest in the High North was shaped by the logic of the Cold War and the region’s inaccessibility.
Still an area of military strategic interest.
Still an area of military strategic interest.
Large proportion of Russia’s nuclear forces located there and site for military exercises.
Large proportion of Russia’s nuclear forces located there and site for military exercises.
In NATO, Norway has promoted a renewed focus on the Alliance’s core areas – including those in the north.
In NATO, Norway has promoted a renewed focus on the Alliance’s core areas – including those in the north.
A clear security policy creates stability and predictability for all parties.
A clear security policy creates stability and predictability for all parties.
Norway considers it important to develop close, predictable cooperation with Russia in the north.
Norway considers it important to develop close, predictable cooperation with Russia in the north.
Our vision is to develop our neighbourly relations to the level of trust and openness that we enjoy with our Nordic neighbours.
Our vision is to develop our neighbourly relations to the level of trust and openness that we enjoy with our Nordic neighbours.
“High North – low tension” in a catch phrase.
“High North – low tension” in a catch phrase.
Close and pragmatic cooperation between Norway and Russia will be an important priority in the years ahead.
Close and pragmatic cooperation between Norway and Russia will be an important priority in the years ahead.
New attention from Asian powers in the Arctic (China, Japan, India and Korea) driven by their interest in energy resources, new shipping routes and polar/climate research.
New attention from Asian powers in the Arctic (China, Japan, India and Korea) driven by their interest in energy resources, new shipping routes and polar/climate research.
Observer candidates to the Arctic Council.
Observer candidates to the Arctic Council.
Slide: intro slide.
Slide: intro slide.
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
The immense contrast between 1911 and 2011: climate threat/receding ice in the polar areas, technological progress, as well as the legal and political framework for cooperation.
The immense contrast between 1911 and 2011: climate threat/receding ice in the polar areas, technological progress, as well as the legal and political framework for cooperation.
Now, returning to our polar heroes, Nansen, Amundsen, Scott, Shackleton and others; they showed us what it takes to explore new land and to reach new goals – even new poles.
Now, returning to our polar heroes, Nansen, Amundsen, Scott, Shackleton and others; they showed us what it takes to explore new land and to reach new goals – even new poles.
The conditions they had to endure were beyond comprehension.
The conditions they had to endure were beyond comprehension.
Their courage, strength and leadership can motivate us – to fill the present knowledge gaps in the Arctic and Antarctica, to strike the right balance between increased economic activity and environmental and climate considerations, and to take action in our time.
Their courage, strength and leadership can motivate us – to fill the present knowledge gaps in the Arctic and Antarctica, to strike the right balance between increased economic activity and environmental and climate considerations, and to take action in our time.
Fridtjof Nansen’s “famous last words”: “Further and further to the north ...”, “Lenger og lenger mot nord...”
Fridtjof Nansen’s “famous last words”: “Further and further to the north ...”, “Lenger og lenger mot nord...”
– May 1930.
– May 1930.
Today we are looking north; Norway’s first foreign policy priority.
Today we are looking north; Norway’s first foreign policy priority.
Thawing Planet: Climate Change, Resources and Managing the Arctic
Thawing Planet: Climate Change, Resources and Managing the Arctic
Breaking the Ice – Exploring Polar Potentials
Breaking the Ice – Exploring Polar Potentials
The University in Reykjavik [Háskóli Islands] Iceland, 3 November 2008
The University in Reykjavik [Háskóli Islands], Iceland, 3 November 2008
In a speech about Norway, Iceland and the High North at the University in Reykjavik, Støre said that "We must meet the major political and economic challenges together.
I et foredrag om Norge, Island og nordområdene ved Universitetet i Reykjavik, sa Støre bl.a. at "We must meet the major political and economic challenges together.
We share a common future.
We share a common future.
This is why so many Norwegians are following Iceland’s situation so closely today.
This is why so many Norwegians are following Iceland’s situation so closely today.
This is why the Norwegian Government is giving this clear message: when a brother is in need, we will stand up for him".
This is why the Norwegian Government is giving this clear message: when a brother is in need, we will stand up for him".
Dear Ólafur Hardason, Dean of the School of Social Sciences, Students, friends,
Dear Ólafur Hardason, Dean of the School of Social Sciences, Students, friends,
Kæru vinir Ágætu námsmenn
Kæru vinir Ágætu námsmenn
Back in August, when I started looking forward to this visit to Iceland, and to meeting you here at the university, the world looked quite different.
Back in August, when I started looking forward to this visit to Iceland, and to meeting you here at the university, the world looked quite different.
We were watching the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in Beijing on TV; we were looking forward to sporting highlights and highlights of China.
We were watching the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in Beijing on TV; we were looking forward to sporting highlights and highlights of China.
Then we became deeply absorbed in the shocking events unfolding in Georgia.
Then we became deeply absorbed in the shocking events unfolding in Georgia.
On 8 August, two messages were sent out to the world: the emergence of China on the world stage; and the return of armed power politics in Europe.
On 8 August, two messages were sent out to the world: the emergence of China on the world stage; and the return of armed power politics in Europe.
Both events will have profound implications in the years to come.
Both events will have profound implications in the years to come.
Then suddenly, the US financial markets began their rapid downward spiral.
Then suddenly, the US financial markets began their rapid downward spiral.
We were shocked – and yet not so shocked.
We were shocked – and yet not so shocked.
“We saw it coming,” many said.
“We saw it coming,” many said.
“It was only a matter of time.”
“It was only a matter of time.”
Then the financial crisis hit Europe, and we were taken by storm, literally.
Then the financial crisis hit Europe, and we were taken by storm, literally.
We have all felt the implications.
We have all felt the implications.
And nowhere in Europe have the consequences been tougher than here in Iceland.
And nowhere in Europe have the consequences been tougher than here in Iceland.
Now, at the beginning of November, the international backdrop for my visit to Reykjavik is very different from what it was in August.
Now, at the beginning of November, the international backdrop for my visit to Reykjavik is very different from what it was in August.
But before we start to reflect together on what has changed, let me state one fact that has not changed, and that is Norway’s close and deep relations with Iceland.
But before we start to reflect together on what has changed, let me state one fact that has not changed, and that is Norway’s close and deep relations with Iceland.
Iceland is Norway’s friend, ally and neighbour across the sea.
Iceland is Norway’s friend, ally and neighbour across the sea.
We have similar geography.
We have similar geography.
We share a common history and heritage.
We share a common history and heritage.
We share common resources.
We share common resources.
We must meet the major political and economic challenges together.
We must meet the major political and economic challenges together.
This is why the Norwegian Government is giving this clear message: when a brother is in need, we will stand up for him.
This is why the Norwegian Government is giving this clear message: when a brother is in need, we will stand up for him.
In my discussions with Prime Minister Haarde and other ministers earlier today, we discussed the financial crisis, which concerns us all.
In my discussions with Prime Minister Haarde and other ministers earlier today, we discussed the financial crisis, which concerns us all.
Certainly, the crisis will have a profound and lingering impact on the world economy.
Certainly, the crisis will have a profound and lingering impact on the world economy.
It will also have serious consequences for many societies, in both developed and developing countries.
It will also have serious consequences for many societies, in both developed and developing countries.
Right now, the priority is to bring back order and stability to currencies, exchange rates and national accounts.
Right now, the priority is to bring back order and stability to currencies, exchange rates and national accounts.
This crisis is said to have been the first real “internet crisis”.
This crisis is said to have been the first real “internet crisis”.
The speed of the internet accelerated trends and events to a dramatic level.
The speed of the internet accelerated trends and events to a dramatic level.
At the same time – and let us not forget this – the internet also helped the authorities to realise how interdependent we all are, and how important it is to seek coordinated remedies.
At the same time – and let us not forget this – the internet also helped the authorities to realise how interdependent we all are, and how important it is to seek coordinated remedies.
But then, as the dust settles, we also need to engage in profounder discussions.
But then, as the dust settles, we also need to engage in profounder discussions.
On how all this was allowed to happen.
On how all this was allowed to happen.
On how recklessness in the financial marketplace swept away the hard-won gains of ordinary people.
On how recklessness in the financial marketplace swept away the hard-won gains of ordinary people.
On how public and democratic control of institutions had been sidelined and even silenced as “turbo capitalism” raced to a seemingly never ending peak.
On how public and democratic control of institutions had been sidelined and even silenced as “turbo capitalism” raced to a seemingly never ending peak.
Until it all crashed and many ordinary, decent people were left with the bill.
Until it all crashed and many ordinary, decent people were left with the bill.
For years, an overly zealous part of the private sector told governments to stay away.
For years, an overly zealous part of the private sector told governments to stay away.
Now – when so much is in shambles – the task of restoring order and bailing out banks goes back to those very governments.
Now – when so much is in shambles – the task of restoring order and bailing out banks goes back to those very governments.
We will need a thorough discussion on responsibilities, remedies and options for creating a much safer system.
We will need a thorough discussion on responsibilities, remedies and options for creating a much safer system.
Risk should still be welcomed and encouraged, but never again should we allow a system where the risk-taking of a very few puts the future for very many in danger.
Risk should still be welcomed and encouraged, but never again should we allow a system where the risk-taking of a very few puts the future for very many in danger.
In Norway, we too feel the consequences.
In Norway, we too feel the consequences.
No one in this global economy remains shielded.
No one in this global economy remains shielded.
This is a particularly difficult time for Iceland.
This is a particularly difficult time for Iceland.
Your government will have to make some tough decisions.
Your government will have to make some tough decisions.
Norway, as your close neighbouring country, friend and ally, stands ready to support Iceland’s effort to stabilise public finances, the krona, and to help to restore trust and confidence both within and outside the country.
Norway, as your close neighbouring country, friend and ally, stands ready to support Iceland’s effort to stabilise public finances, the krona, and to help to restore trust and confidence both within and outside the country.
Of course, it was no natural disaster that struck Iceland.
Of course, it was no natural disaster that struck Iceland.
It was a global financial storm that hit a vulnerable and exposed financial sector.
It was a global financial storm that hit a vulnerable and exposed financial sector.
All of this was man-made.
All of this was man-made.
And men and women have to take responsibility.
And men and women have to take responsibility.
I am certain that Iceland will stand up to that test.
I am certain that Iceland will stand up to that test.
We welcome Iceland’s decision to enter into an agreement with the IMF on a stabilisation programme.
We welcome Iceland’s decision to enter into an agreement with the IMF on a stabilisation programme.
It was not an easy decision.
It was not an easy decision.
But I am confident that this will increase stability and confidence in the Icelandic economy.
But I am confident that this will increase stability and confidence in the Icelandic economy.
It will also allow other governments and central banks to support the stabilisation efforts.
It will also allow other governments and central banks to support the stabilisation efforts.
Norway has been ready to join this effort from day one, in fact months before the storm erupted, the Bank of Norway opened new credit lines to the Central Bank of Iceland.
Norway has been ready to join this effort from day one, in fact months before the storm erupted, the Bank of Norway opened new credit lines to the Central Bank of Iceland.
At the Nordic Council meeting last week, the Nordic prime ministers confirmed their support for the IMF programme.
At the Nordic Council meeting last week, the Nordic prime ministers confirmed their support for the IMF programme.
A Nordic working group, which will respond to the situation in close contact with Icelandic authorities, has been established.
A Nordic working group, which will respond to the situation in close contact with Icelandic authorities, has been established.
We now need to maintain a very open and frank dialogue to map out the needs, to understand the consequences and to tailor the right responses.
We now need to maintain a very open and frank dialogue to map out the needs, to understand the consequences and to tailor the right responses.
I am confident that you will succeed – that we will succeed together.
I am confident that you will succeed – that we will succeed together.
Let me then return to the main theme for my address – the High North.
Let me then return to the main theme for my address – the High North.
As you see, I have brought a map with me, the globe as seen from above, from the north, as a general overview.
As you see, I have brought a map with me, the globe as seen from above, from the north, as a general overview.
When I travel to other capitals I travel east, west and south.
When I travel to other capitals I travel east, west and south.
But to Reykjavik, I travel north and west.
But to Reykjavik, I travel north and west.
Over the past few years, we have witnessed a marked increase in international interest in this region.
Over the past few years, we have witnessed a marked increase in international interest in this region.
Well, what region?
Well, what region?
The High North in the widest sense, includes the whole circumpolar Arctic –the top of the world.
The High North in the widest sense, includes the whole circumpolar Arctic –the top of the world.
Why is the High North commanding our attention?
Why is the High North commanding our attention?
Here are a few powerful reasons:
Here are a few powerful reasons:
Firstly – resources: the global demand for energy, the prospects of new transportation routes, and improved access to the region’s resources.
Firstly – resources: the global demand for energy, the prospects of new transportation routes, and improved access to the region’s resources.
And the importance of the key renewable resource – fish.
And the importance of the key renewable resource – fish.
Secondly – the alarming evidence of climate change and damage to the environment that is particularly apparent in the Arctic.
Secondly – the alarming evidence of climate change and damage to the environment that is particularly apparent in the Arctic.
Iceland and Norway have front row seats to these dramatic developments.
Iceland and Norway have front row seats to these dramatic developments.
And one immediate consequence will be the opening up of new sailing routes from Europe to Asia, through the Northwest Passage, the Northeast Passage or even straight across the North Pole.
And one immediate consequence will be the opening up of new sailing routes from Europe to Asia, through the Northwest Passage, the Northeast Passage or even straight across the North Pole.
Thirdly – we have seen a growing interest among countries in the region in matters of sovereignty and jurisdiction.
Thirdly – we have seen a growing interest among countries in the region in matters of sovereignty and jurisdiction.
One even planted a flag on the seabed of the North Pole as a demonstration – well, it is hard to know why – of its ambitions.
One even planted a flag on the seabed of the North Pole as a demonstration – well, it is hard to know why – of its ambitions.
And fourthly – as we all witness almost daily, the increasing presence and growing strength of Russia which is rising from its turbulent Soviet past.
And fourthly – as we all witness almost daily, the increasing presence and growing strength of Russia which is rising from its turbulent Soviet past.
There are six important areas where Iceland and Norway should work together in the years ahead:
There are six important areas where Iceland and Norway should work together in the years ahead:
Sustainable management of fish stocks and other living marine resources;
Sustainable management of fish stocks and other living marine resources;
Nordic cooperation.
Nordic cooperation.
New relevance;
New relevance;
Credible security in the North Atlantic area, by actively involving our Allies and promoting the role of NATO;
Credible security in the North Atlantic area, by actively involving our Allies and promoting the role of NATO;
Integration of Russia in all relevant structures of binding international cooperation;
Integration of Russia in all relevant structures of binding international cooperation;
Strengthened research efforts in the Arctic region to find ways of combating climate change at the global level; and finally
Strengthened research efforts in the Arctic region to find ways of combating climate change at the global level; and finally
Ensuring that our future economic activities in the region are environmentally sound.
Ensuring that our future economic activities in the region are environmentally sound.
I will, therefore, point to the need for more knowledge in a number of fields.
I will, therefore, point to the need for more knowledge in a number of fields.
Knowledge is at the core of our High North efforts.
Knowledge is at the core of our High North efforts.
We need to build experience and expertise so that we can show the way, utilise existing opportunities and discover new ones.
We need to build experience and expertise so that we can show the way, utilise existing opportunities and discover new ones.
We must invest and share knowledge in such diverse areas as the management of fish stocks, combating climate change and green energy efforts.
We must invest and share knowledge in such diverse areas as the management of fish stocks, combating climate change and green energy efforts.
Here you can play your part, and the invitation is hereby given to you.
Here you can play your part, and the invitation is hereby given to you.
The good relations between Iceland and Norway are of long standing – ever since Flóki Vilgerdarson [Raven-Flóki] left Ryvarden (near present-day Haugesund) in Norway more than 1100 years ago.
The good relations between Iceland and Norway are of long standing – ever since Flóki Vilgerdarson [Raven-Flóki] left Ryvarden (near present-day Haugesund) in Norway more than 1100 years ago.
Your poets have written Norway’s history.
Your poets have written Norway’s history.
Your footballers and handball players are our champions.
Your footballers and handball players are our champions.
And your bands and musicians – Sigur Rós, Björk, and many, many others – rule the clubs and the stadium stages around the world.
And your bands and musicians – Sigur Rós, Björk, and many, many others – rule the clubs and the stadium stages around the world.