natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
NOVA Notat 7/09 Parents socioeconomic status and childrens academic performance Jamila Elhag Hassan
NOVA Notat 7/09 Parents´ socioeconomic status and children´s academic performance Jamila E.
For more information contact project leader Mona Sandbæk, mona.sandbak@nova.no
Hassan
Hate speech, typically defined as attacks on an individual or a group, may impact access to web content for socially marginalised groups.
Hate speech, typically defined as attacks on an individual or a group, may impact access to web content for socially marginalised groups.
By ensuring the accessibility of web content, future researchers and practitioners can promote a more universally accessible web.
By ensuring the accessibility of web content, future researchers and practitioners can promote a more universally accessible web.
'The article is both scientific and activist, based on several preliminary interviews I did in August and September, with people that experience multiple forms of discrimination ', Rannveig tells us.
'The article is both scientific and activist, based on several preliminary interviews I did in August and September, with people that experience multiple forms of discrimination ', Rannveig tells us.
'One of the aims was to promote a broader perspective about what usability and accessibility means.
'One of the aims was to promote a broader perspective about what usability and accessibility means.
We want to see changes in society and to be able to push for those changes ', says Anthony.
We want to see changes in society and to be able to push for those changes ', says Anthony.
'Conventional accessibility means that we should design technology to be usable for people with disabilities.'
'Conventional accessibility means that we should design technology to be usable for people with disabilities.'
'We understand accessibility as being more than just the disability component by looking at the experiences of people who encounter multiple forms of discrimination.'
'We understand accessibility as being more than just the disability component by looking at the experiences of people who encounter multiple forms of discrimination.'
'That means acknowledging the gender component as well as the disability component of accessibility, and the race component as well.
'That means acknowledging the gender component as well as the disability component of accessibility, and the race component as well.
'Accessibility have always focused on people’s disabilities.
'Accessibility have always focused on people’s disabilities.
We are trying to expand that definition by using universal design principles to understand multiple forms of discrimination.'
We are trying to expand that definition by using universal design principles to understand multiple forms of discrimination.'
'We do empirical research using interviews as a pilot study, to lay a baseline, because nothing like this exists.'
'We do empirical research using interviews as a pilot study, to lay a baseline, because nothing like this exists.'
'The focus of our investigation is on the design of technology.
'The focus of our investigation is on the design of technology.
We are not trying to understand how we can change people, but how we can change technology so that it enables everyone to use technology equally.'
We are not trying to understand how we can change people, but how we can change technology so that it enables everyone to use technology equally.'
Two leading scholars in the field have blind reviewed the article of Rannveig, Anthony and Sumaira.
Two leading scholars in the field have blind reviewed the article of Rannveig, Anthony and Sumaira.
'We got very useful comments, and one of them was very enthusiastic.
'We got very useful comments, and one of them was very enthusiastic.
They provided comments on how we presented our methodology, and how we can connect our investigation to other areas of research', says Anthony.
They provided comments on how we presented our methodology, and how we can connect our investigation to other areas of research', says Anthony.
'There is a lot of research on discrimination in sociology and legal scholarship, but our focus is not simply on gender, race or disability discrimination in isolation.
'There is a lot of research on discrimination in sociology and legal scholarship, but our focus is not simply on gender, race or disability discrimination in isolation.
It is in the intersection of different areas of discrimination.'
It is in the intersection of different areas of discrimination.'
'How can universal design of technology fight against racism and gender discrimination?'
'How can universal design of technology fight against racism and gender discrimination?'
'It is actually just in the words, how we describe it.
'It is actually just in the words, how we describe it.
To design for all is to be accessible for anyone', says Rannveig.
To design for all is to be accessible for anyone', says Rannveig.
'We argue in the article that you can make a website inaccessible even though it is technically accessible.
'We argue in the article that you can make a website inaccessible even though it is technically accessible.
For example, if you come into a room as a woman, and experience sexism, it is not accessible.'
For example, if you come into a room as a woman, and experience sexism, it is not accessible.'
'It comes down to not only the design, but also the way content is experienced', says Anthony.
'It comes down to not only the design, but also the way content is experienced', says Anthony.
'When we talk about universal design, we are talking about making technology usable for everybody on an equal basis, and we do not know the kind of barriers a certain group experiences.'
'When we talk about universal design, we are talking about making technology usable for everybody on an equal basis, and we do not know the kind of barriers a certain group experiences.'
'We know a little about the barriers that blind and deaf people experience when they use the web.'
'We know a little about the barriers that blind and deaf people experience when they use the web.'
'We know virtually nothing about the experiences of someone who is blind and racialized, for example, or about someone who is deaf and experiences sexual discrimination.'
'We know virtually nothing about the experiences of someone who is blind and racialized, for example, or about someone who is deaf and experiences sexual discrimination.'
'That is what we really want to understand more clearly.'
'That is what we really want to understand more clearly.'
The reviewers have accepted the article, and the researchers are preparing a presentation for the workshop in Cambridge in March 2016.
The reviewers have accepted the article, and the researchers are preparing a presentation for the workshop in Cambridge in March 2016.
'It was a great honour to be accepted', says Anthony.
'It was a great honour to be accepted', says Anthony.
'The workshop theme itself is directly supportive of this kind of research: Looking at universal access and trying to understand better what ideas around universality mean.'
'The workshop theme itself is directly supportive of this kind of research: Looking at universal access and trying to understand better what ideas around universality mean.'
'How do we exactly design a piece of technology or a website to be usable by everyone?
'How do we exactly design a piece of technology or a website to be usable by everyone?
This is still a very cutting-edge area of research.
This is still a very cutting-edge area of research.
'We are putting together a foundation both for ourselves and for other scholars to examine, and use as a basis for further investigation.
'We are putting together a foundation both for ourselves and for other scholars to examine, and use as a basis for further investigation.
Rannveig and Anthony are working with Sumaira Nasseem from Manchester Metropolitan University, she is a sociologist and disability scholar.
Rannveig and Anthony are working with Sumaira Nasseem from Manchester Metropolitan University, she is a sociologist and disability scholar.
Rannveig is a computer scientist, and Anthony’s research focuses on universal design law and policy.
Rannveig is a computer scientist, and Anthony’s research focuses on universal design law and policy.
'We are combining three different research perspectives, as well as different international and cultural perspectives', says Anthony.
'We are combining three different research perspectives, as well as different international and cultural perspectives', says Anthony.
'Because of that, I think we have a lot of strength in the article; we are able to look at things in ways that have not been done before.'
'Because of that, I think we have a lot of strength in the article; we are able to look at things in ways that have not been done before.'
'It sounds demanding to me to do that.
'It sounds demanding to me to do that.
What do you think?'
What do you think?'
'Oh, my gracious.
'Oh, my gracious.
How demanding has it been to do this in addition to your bachelor studies?', Anthony asks Rannveig.
How demanding has it been to do this in addition to your bachelor studies?', Anthony asks Rannveig.
'It has taken time.
'It has taken time.
I knew it was a lot of work.
I knew it was a lot of work.
I did not anticipate how much work it would be.
I did not anticipate how much work it would be.
I have never done this before', says Rannveig.
I have never done this before', says Rannveig.
'This research is not a part of a research project, but something that we saw a need for.
'This research is not a part of a research project, but something that we saw a need for.
It is action research.
It is action research.
We knew there was a gap in the literature and in the research that is going on right now', says Anthony.
We knew there was a gap in the literature and in the research that is going on right now', says Anthony.
'We made it happen, and got a lot of support from the organisers of the workshop.'
'We made it happen, and got a lot of support from the organisers of the workshop.'
'One of the reasons I would do this was because of the presentation, which was basic to start a discussion on how discrimination actually works', says Rannveig.
'One of the reasons I would do this was because of the presentation, which was basic to start a discussion on how discrimination actually works', says Rannveig.
'My research is primarily on web accessibility policy, and it gave me the foundation to provide Rannveig with the support she needed to lead the project', says Anthony.
'My research is primarily on web accessibility policy, and it gave me the foundation to provide Rannveig with the support she needed to lead the project', says Anthony.
'It also gave me the opportunity to incorporate this concept of intersectionality in the research that I have already done.
'It also gave me the opportunity to incorporate this concept of intersectionality in the research that I have already done.
'Another component I do not want to overlook is that it is a collaboration between generations of researchers.
'Another component I do not want to overlook is that it is a collaboration between generations of researchers.
It is a horizontal, vertical and international collaboration.'
It is a horizontal, vertical and international collaboration.'
'It is not usual that a bachelor student is publishing scientific articles.
'It is not usual that a bachelor student is publishing scientific articles.
How did that happen?'
How did that happen?'
'That only speaks to Rannveig’s ability as an academic and researcher, and her initiative to take this as an opportunity to do good research, and promote the changes that she and I want to see in the world’, says Anthony.
'That only speaks to Rannveig’s ability as an academic and researcher, and her initiative to take this as an opportunity to do good research, and promote the changes that she and I want to see in the world’, says Anthony.
'Why did you choose this theme, Rannveig?'
'Why did you choose this theme, Rannveig?'
'I am an activist.
'I am an activist.
I came to computer science knowing a lot about the world, and less about computer science', says Rannveig.
I came to computer science knowing a lot about the world, and less about computer science', says Rannveig.
'It is something that is close to my heart.
'It is something that is close to my heart.
For me I see every day how this world is not accessible.
For me I see every day how this world is not accessible.
I see how my friends and other people meet discrimination in so many ways.'
I see how my friends and other people meet discrimination in so many ways.'
'We want to cooperate with organisations nationally and internationally to promote this kind of research as a new idea, and I hope we get other people working on the same topic', says Anthony.
'We want to cooperate with organisations nationally and internationally to promote this kind of research as a new idea, and I hope we get other people working on the same topic', says Anthony.
'The last thing we want is to be the only ones doing this as researchers.
'The last thing we want is to be the only ones doing this as researchers.
It would be brilliant with a whole conference just on this topic.'
It would be brilliant with a whole conference just on this topic.'
Further information
Further information
8th Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology
8th Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology
Research group Universal design og ICT at HiOA
Research group Universal design og ICT at HiOA
Foto: Olav-Johan Øye
Foto: Olav-Johan Øye
However, children mean more to parents than the other way around.
Men barna betyr mer for foreldrene enn omvendt.
We spend most of our lives in families with three generations or more.
Vi lever storparten av livet i familier med tre generasjoner eller flere.
It is about high time that this is reflected in research and policy, which traditionally has addressed families with young children.
Det er på høy tid at dette også speiles i forskning og politikk, som tradisjonelt har konsentrert seg om småbarnsfamilier.
Grandparents involve themselves in looking after grandchildren, adult children contribute substantially to the care of elderly parents, and much company, comfort and support flow between the generations, perhaps more than ever.
Besteforeldre stiller opp og passer barnebarn, voksne barn bidrar vesentlig til omsorgen for eldre foreldre, og mye selskap, trøst og penger flyter mellom generasjonene, kanskje mer enn noensinne.
“The media likes to tell stories of a modern family in crisis and about conflicts between generations, but our findings do not confirm this picture, rather the contrary,” Herlofson explains.
- Mediene liker å fortelle om en moderne familien er i krise og om familiegenerasjoner i strid, men dette stemmer ikke med bildet vi finner, forteller Herlofson.
Live close to each other
Bor nær hverandre
Multigenerational households are not common in Norway, but the generations often live close to one another, she stresses.
- Flergenerasjonshushold er lite vanlige i Norge, men generasjonene bor ofte nær hverandre, understreker hun.
80% of older parents have at least one child living within a radius of 50 km, and both younger and older generations seem to prefer it this way.
- Hele 80 prosent av eldre foreldre har minst ett barn boende innen en radius på 5 mil, og både yngre og eldre generasjoner ser ut til å foretrekke det slik.
They want their family close, but not too close.
De vil ha familien nær, men ikke for nær.
Frequent contact between parents and adult children
Tett kontakt mellom foreldre og voksne barn
The generations stay in close contact with each other: More than 6 out of 10 parents spend time with their adult children every week or even more frequently, which is about the same level as found in research done in the 1960s.
Kontakten mellom generasjonene er jevnt over tett: Mer enn 6 av 10 foreldre er sammen med voksne barn ukentlig eller oftere, som er omtrent på samme nivå som undersøkelser viste tilbake på 1960-tallet.
Parents experience the relationship as closer than adult children
Foreldrene opplever forholdet som tettere enn barna
The relationship between parents and adult children is also experienced as emotionally close, but parents have a tendency of reporting closer ties than children.
Forholdet mellom foreldre og voksne barn oppleves også som emosjonelt nært, men foreldre har en tendens til å rapportere om tettere bånd enn barna.
The children seem to matter more to the parents than the other way around.
Barna ser ut til å bety mer for foreldrene enn omvendt.
"If one has to prioritize, people tend to prioritize down the generational line," Daatland emphasizes.
- Hvis man må prioritere, så prioriterer man oftest nedover generasjonslinja, framhever Daatland.
Help and support also tend to be passed down from older to younger generations in the family, at least until the parents reach their seventies.
- Også hjelpen flyter i stor grad nedover fra eldre til yngre generasjoner i familien, i hvert fall frem til 70-75-årsalderen.
After that, the younger more often help the older generation.
Deretter hjelper de yngre i større grad de eldre.
Grandparents as ‘emergency assistance’
Besteforeldre som «hjelpekorps»
In Norway, the need for daily assistance is almost non-existent because of the availability of extensive public childcare and parental leaves, but many grandparents help out on a weekly basis, and more than 60 per cent look after their grandchildren at least once a month.
I Norge er det sjelden behov for daglig hjelp, men mange besteforeldre stiller opp ukentlig, og mer enn seksti prosent hjelper til og passer barnebarn minst en gang i måneden.
In the period 2002-2007 the grandparents’ involvement in grandchild care even increased.
I løpet av perioden 2002–2007 økte dessuten besteforeldres innsats i barnebarnpass.
Increasing pressure on families
Stigende press på familiene
To a great extent, nursing has become the responsibility of the welfare state, but social care and contact is primarily provided by the family.
Pleie er langt på vei blitt velferdsstatens ansvar, men sosial omsorg og kontakt er det primært familien som står for.
When both husband and wife have paid jobs, and responsibilities and opportunities are divided equally, the family depends on a well-running welfare state and vice versa.”
Når både hun og han er i lønnet arbeid, og ansvar og muligheter skal fordeles likt, er familien avhengig av en velfungerende velferdsstat og omvendt.
Families at risk?
Familier i risiko?
New family forms have become more common, such as cohabitation, same-sex parenting and families with children from different relationships.
Nye familieformer har kommet til med samboerskap, foreldreskap av samme kjønn og relasjoner til dine, mine og våre barn.
Research indicates that intergenerational relationships are as strong among those who cohabit as among those who are married in Norway, but divorce weakens the relationships, and more so for men than for women.
Forskningen tyder på at familierelasjonene er like sterke blant samboere som blant gifte i Norge, men skilsmisse i (beste)foreldregenerasjoner svekker kontakten, især blant menn.
Whether and to what extent immigrants from countries with a more family-oriented culture will hold on to their traditions or adapt to Norwegian patterns, is something we know little about so far.
Hvorvidt og hvor langt innvandrere fra land med en mer kollektiv familiekultur vil holde fast ved sine tradisjoner, og hvor langt de vil tilpasse seg norske mønstre, finnes det foreløpig lite sikker kunnskap om.
Need for further research
Behov for videre forskning
According to the researchers, the following areas are in need of research: The interplay between the family and the welfare state, vulnerable families, the conflict between commitments to family and work, and family vulnerability and risks more generally.
Ifølge forskerne peker følgende områder seg ut for videre forskning: Samspillet mellom familien og velferdsstaten, sårbare familier, «klemmer» mellom familie og arbeid og bærekraften til den såkalte generasjonskontrakten.
“The family is still important and remarkably robust, but it is changing.
- Familien er fortsatt viktig og er bemerkelsesverdig robust, men den er i endring.
We must renew and update our knowledge about the content and limits of family solidarity,” the two researchers emphasize.
Vi må fornye og oppdatere kunnskapene om familiesolidaritetens innhold og grenser, understreker de to forskerne.
Longitudinal studies are especially important as they allow us to follow the same persons and families over time.
- Da er longitudinelle studier særlig viktige - de lar oss følge de samme personer og familier over tid.
En kunnskapsstatus Katharina Herlofson & Svein Olav Daatland NOVA Rapport 2/2016
En kunnskapsstatus Katharina Herlofson & Svein Olav Daatland NOVA Rapport 2/2016
For more information contact Katharina Herlofson or Svein Olav Daatland
For mer informasjon kontakt Katharina Herlofson eller Svein Olav Daatland
‘We know how important it is that our students are well informed.
‘We know how important it is that our students are well informed.
Anthony gives us examples of themes he and associate professor Kyrre Begnum have covered in the podcasts they have produced:
Anthony gives us examples of themes he and associate professor Kyrre Begnum have covered in the podcasts they have produced:
‘We try to cover relevant topics for both bachelor and master students, things like studying abroad, presentation techniques and taking notes in class.’
‘We try to cover relevant topics for both bachelor and master students, things like studying abroad, presentation techniques and taking notes in class.’
‘We give the students tools to be successful.’
‘We give the students tools to be successful.’
Read the interview (student.hioa.no)
Read the interview (student.hioa.no)
Foto: Private
Foto: Private
In the Nordic case, this interplay has led to fairly generous provisions of income maintenance and a compressed structure of market earnings.
I Norden har dette samspillet gitt forholdsvis generøse ordninger for inntektssikring og en sammenpresset struktur for markedsinntekter.
Yet, despite the priority Nordic policy-makers have given to high employment rates and mobilisation of labour resources in general, it is mainly higher female employment rates that have made the Nordic employment patterns distinct.
Men tross den prioriteten som nordiske beslutningstakere har gitt til høy yrkesdeltakelse og generell mobilisering av arbeidskraftressurser, er det først og fremst høyere kvinnelig yrkesdeltakelse som gjør det nordiske sysselsettingsmønsteret distinkt, påpeker Hvinden.
Since the high female employment rate is stronly related to the role of the welfare state as employer, the Nordic countries have som of the most gender-segregated labour markets in the OECD.
Siden den høye kvinnelige yrkesdeltakelsen er sterkt knyttet til velferdsstaten som arbeidsgiver, har Norden også noen av de mest kjønnssegregerte arbeidsmarkedene i OECD.
Moreover, the employment of immigrants and persons with disabilities appears to be less successful in the Nordic countries, given their stated objective of an inclusionary working life.
De nordiske landene synes å ha lyktes relativt dårlig med sysselsetting av innvandrere og personer med nedsatt funksjonsevne, gitt de erklærte målene om et inkluderende arbeidsliv, skriver Hvinden.
Den nordiske velferdsmodellen: Likhet, trygghet - og marginalisering?
Den nordiske velferdsmodellen: Likhet, trygghet - og marginalisering?
Sosiologi i dag , 39(1):11-36
Sosiologi i dag , 39(1):11-36
The students' assignments were given by businesses and public agencies, and were useful in relation to solving relevant issues.
Studentoppgavene har bedrifter og offentlige etater som oppdragsgivere, og har vært nyttige for å løse aktuelle problemstillinger.
The assignments also help the students to acquire relevant knowledge and skills, as well as contacts in business and industry.
Samtidig bidrar oppgavene til å gi studentene relevante kunnskaper og ferdigheter, og kontakter i arbeidslivet.