natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This would allow these countries to establish the institutionally adequate framework, to prepare their economies to competition with foreign players, and to organise the replacement of the income they lose by lowering their border-tariffs.
This would allow these countries to establish the institutionally adequate framework, to prepare their economies to competition with foreign players, and to organise the replacement of the income they lose by lowering their border-tariffs.
Unfortunately the automatic application of market opening has already caused enormous damages in terms of poverty.
Unfortunately the automatic application of market opening has already caused enormous damages in terms of poverty.
In many countries, accelerated liberalisation has worsened the conditions of poverty of the population.
In many countries, accelerated liberalisation has worsened the conditions of poverty of the population.
Liberalisation has been made in multilateral agreements or, more often, in the framework of bilateral agreements or under conditions linked to engagements with international finance institutions.
Liberalisation has been made in multilateral agreements or, more often, in the framework of bilateral agreements or under conditions linked to engagements with international finance institutions.
Trade negotiations especially critical for the poor
Trade negotiations especially critical for the poor
There are some areas where some changes, even small, in the current orientation of international trade negotiations could do a lot of difference for the poor.
There are some areas where some changes, even small, in the current orientation of international trade negotiations could do a lot of difference for the poor.
Small improvements in trade negotiations affecting environment, agriculture and commodities, public services and health, industrialisation, have provided enormous gains, especially to women and children, and towards the completion of the MDG's.
Small improvements in trade negotiations affecting environment, agriculture and commodities, public services and health, industrialisation, have provided enormous gains, especially to women and children, and towards the completion of the MDG’s.
It is impossible today to ignore the effects of the current globalisation and production systems on the environment.
It is impossible today to ignore the effects of the current globalisation and production systems on the environment.
But as these problems affect everybody, it is important to stress that poor people are the first affected by the destruction of the environment.
But as these problems affect everybody, it is important to stress that poor people are the first affected by the destruction of the environment.
United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2000
United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2000
Examples are many: For instance, 90 % of fishermen worldwide, 40 million people, are employed in small scale artisanal fishing and are overwhelmingly poor.
Examples are many: For instance, 90 % of fishermen worldwide, 40 million people, are employed in small scale artisanal fishing and are overwhelmingly poor.
Liberalisation of fishing is directly threatening them of their livelihoods.
Liberalisation of fishing is directly threatening them of their livelihoods.
For this reason the current trade negotiations at the WTO and in bilateral trade agreements should be reviewed in order to prevent the complete liberalisation of markets in areas such as forest products, fish and fish products, water extraction and distribution, and the management of natural parks, including biodiversity hotspots, the patenting of life forms, and the appropriation of traditional knowledge for the benefit of investors.
For this reason the current trade negotiations at the WTO and in bilateral trade agreements should be reviewed in order to prevent the complete liberalisation of markets in areas such as forest products, fish and fish products, water extraction and distribution, and the management of natural parks, including biodiversity hotspots, the patenting of life forms, and the appropriation of traditional knowledge for the benefit of investors.
These trade negotiations concern millions of people obliged eventually to abandon the areas where they live for big cities and eventually to migrate.
These trade negotiations concern millions of people obliged eventually to abandon the areas where they live for big cities and eventually to migrate.
Some steps are being taken in the right direction.
Some steps are being taken in the right direction.
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and the Convention on Biodiversity, that recognises that communities need to participate fully in the management of their ecosystems.
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and the Convention on Biodiversity, that recognises that communities need to participate fully in the management of their ecosystems.
But much more political will is necessary in order to give these intentions an effective obligatory legal framework.
But much more political will is necessary in order to give these intentions an effective obligatory legal framework.
Today, with global urgency on climate change, and all environmental destruction, the imbalance between, on the one hand, trade rules with sanctions and, on the other, soft environmental laws is particularly costly and inadequate to the necessities of the society.
Today, with global urgency on climate change, and all environmental destruction, the imbalance between, on the one hand, trade rules with sanctions and, on the other, soft environmental laws is particularly costly and inadequate to the necessities of the society.
The states and the legislators have the urgent responsibility to correct it.
The states and the legislators have the urgent responsibility to correct it.
Agriculture and commodities
Agriculture and commodities
Agriculture is another very sensitive area for the situation of the poor, both in industrialised and in developing countries.
Agriculture is another very sensitive area for the situation of the poor, both in industrialised and in developing countries.
Since the WTO's Agreement on Agriculture was signed in 1994, food is increasingly treated as just another industrial good to be produced and sold anywhere to those that can afford it.
Since the WTO’s Agreement on Agriculture was signed in 1994, food is increasingly treated as just another industrial good to be produced and sold anywhere to those that can afford it.
This has created enormous changes in the situation of the poor with a mass migration of people to the cities.
This has created enormous changes in the situation of the poor with a mass migration of people to the cities.
And this has been limiting the food sovereignty especially for developing countries and the possibility of the poor to have access to safe food at fair prices.
And this has been limiting the food sovereignty especially for developing countries and the possibility of the poor to have access to safe food at fair prices.
The current rules have generated particularly inequitable terms of trade for small or middle farmers worldwide.
The current rules have generated particularly inequitable terms of trade for small or middle farmers worldwide.
The consequence - An extraordinarily high number of small farms both in the South and the North are disappearing.
The consequence - An extraordinarily high number of small farms both in the South and the North are disappearing.
Monoculture is encouraged by the same rules that benefit enormously international agribusiness, with dramatic consequences on the environment.
Monoculture is encouraged by the same rules that benefit enormously international agribusiness, with dramatic consequences on the environment.
The cultivation of soy bean to feed protein to European animals, at the expense of balanced farming in Europe, the Amazonian Forest and small farmers in Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia, is only one possible example of the disastrous consequences of such a policy.
The cultivation of soy bean to feed protein to European animals, at the expense of balanced farming in Europe, the Amazonian Forest and small farmers in Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia, is only one possible example of the disastrous consequences of such a policy.
Therefore it is essential to reorient the European CAP in order to limit subsidies to support real sustainable agriculture, and the defence of the social and territorial functions of agriculture.
Therefore it is essential to reorient the European CAP in order to limit subsidies to support real sustainable agriculture, and the defence of the social and territorial functions of agriculture.
All intent to postpone it would only increase the social and environmental costs.
All intent to postpone it would only increase the social and environmental costs.
During the last 15 years, the EU has been dismantling nearly all instruments aimed to stabilise the price of commodities, particularly in its relations with ACP countries, arguing that they were not yielding sufficient results (Systmin, Stabex...) or that they were not compatible with WTO rules.
During the last 15 years, the EU has been dismantling nearly all instruments aimed to stabilise the price of commodities, particularly in its relations with ACP countries, arguing that they were not yielding sufficient results (Systmin, Stabex...) or that they were not compatible with WTO rules.
Within the same period, prices of most commodities for producers have diminished drastically, with enormous consequences on the poor of the world ...
Within the same period, prices of most commodities for producers have diminished drastically, with enormous consequences on the poor of the world ...
" Millions of producers of commodities are facing a depression even worse than the one of the '1930....At the end of the 80's, the coffee exporting countries were receiving nearly 12 billions of dollars for their exports.
" Millions of producers of commodities are facing a depression even worse than the one of the ‘1930....At the end of the 80’s, the coffee exporting countries were receiving nearly 12 billions of dollars for their exports.
In 2003, they were exporting more coffee but were receiving less that half of the amount previously mentioned: 5,5 billions of dollars", UNDP, World Report on Human development 2005, p.
In 2003, they were exporting more coffee but were receiving less that half of the amount previously mentioned: 5,5 billions of dollars ", UNDP, World Report on Human development 2005, p.
The control of the commodities-market, -and the benefits of it- are today very much concentrated in the hands of few retailer companies.
The control of the commodities-market, -and the benefits of it- are today very much concentrated in the hands of few retailer companies.
"The 30 first supermarkets corporate and food corporate do 1/3 of the sales of retail worldwide. ..Wal-Mart, the biggest company in the word, sells more that 1/3 of the sales of food industry in the US" Same report, p.
" The 30 first supermarkets corporate and food corporate do 1/3 of the sales of retail worldwide. ..Wal-Mart, the biggest company in the word, sells more that 1/3 of the sales of food industry in the US " Same report, p.
This seems to be a typical area where the European Commission as well as the WTO should stress in the building of mechanisms to stabilise the price of commodities and establish a reasonable balance between the benefits of the producers and the retailers.
This seems to be a typical area where the European Commission as well as the WTO should stress in the building of mechanisms to stabilise the price of commodities and establish a reasonable balance between the benefits of the producers and the retailers.
Services and public health
Services and public health
Access to minimum services is a necessary condition for human dignity and for democracy.
Access to minimum services is a necessary condition for human dignity and for democracy.
Any improvement of access to public services has immediate consequences in terms of poverty reduction.
Any improvement of access to public services has immediate consequences in terms of poverty reduction.
Access to water is particularly sensitive for the poor and has enormous potential for future conflicts for this century.
Access to water is particularly sensitive for the poor and has enormous potential for future conflicts for this century.
Actual use of water is totally irrational: 70% of the world's water is now used for irrigation (of which 60% is wasted), 22%by industry and just 8% for human consumption.
Actual use of water is totally irrational: 70% of the world’s water is now used for irrigation (of which 60% is wasted), 22%by industry and just 8% for human consumption.
In its resolution on water management in developing countries, the European Parliament "emphasises that distribution of water should be looked upon as essentially a public service"
In its resolution on water management in developing countries, the European Parliament "emphasises that distribution of water should be looked upon as essentially a public service"
European Parliament, 4 September 2003, Resolution on the Commission communication on water management in developing countries and priorities for EU development cooperation. .
European Parliament, 4 September 2003, Resolution on the Commission communication on water management in developing countries and priorities for EU development cooperation. .
Some governments - the one in Mali - have decided to return the management of water to the public sector.
Some governments - the one in Mali - have decided to return the management of water to the public sector.
In Uruguay a popular initiative allowed an amendment in the Constitution in order to limit to the public sector the right to administrate water.
In Uruguay a popular initiative allowed an amendment in the Constitution in order to limit to the public sector the right to administrate water.
In Bolivia, poor people linked to the new indigenous government reversed the privatisation of water in two major cities (Cochabamba and El Alto).
In Bolivia, poor people linked to the new indigenous government reversed the privatisation of water in two major cities (Cochabamba and El Alto).
As it is now known that water is a reason for future conflicts, the EU, in view of its conflict-prevention policy should abstain from any demand of liberalisation of water distribution in any trade negotiation, and could undertake an initiative in order to turn water into a universal public good.
As it is now known that water is a reason for future conflicts, the EU, in view of its conflict-prevention policy should abstain from any demand of liberalisation of water distribution in any trade negotiation, and could undertake an initiative in order to turn water into a universal public good.
Public services are part of the identity of Europe.
Public services are part of the identity of Europe.
Fair possibility for everyone to have access to basic services is considered a precondition for democracy and every European country has been built on this base.
Fair possibility for everyone to have access to basic services is considered a precondition for democracy and every European country has been built on this base.
Access by the poor to basic services in areas like health and education is absolutely necessary for development and democracy in developing countries.
Access by the poor to basic services in areas like health and education is absolutely necessary for development and democracy in developing countries.
Therefore, demands for liberalisation should not include such areas, and promotion of public services should therefore be stressed in order to comply with the EU foreign policy objectives of promoting democracy and human rights.
Therefore, demands for liberalisation should not include such areas, and promotion of public services should therefore be stressed in order to comply with the EU foreign policy objectives of promoting democracy and human rights.
The recognition of public health as a major right, prior to trade profits, is an important concession to developing countries in the Doha negotiations.
The recognition of public health as a major right, prior to trade profits, is an important concession to developing countries in the Doha negotiations.
Any further step to apply this principle, giving the poor effective access to medicines, -through a reform of the TRIPS Agreement as promised- would have an immediate effect on the lives of millions of poor people who can not afford the price of medicines to fight diseases that have enormous negative effects on the development of their countries.
Any further step to apply this principle, giving the poor effective access to medicines, -through a reform of the TRIPS Agreement as promised- would have an immediate effect on the lives of millions of poor people who can not afford the price of medicines to fight diseases that have enormous negative effects on the development of their countries.
Goods and services industry
Goods and services industry
The right to industrialisation as a development right must be recognised both for developing and currently industrialised countries.
The right to industrialisation as a development right must be recognised both for developing and currently industrialised countries.
EU policies should be oriented towards creating basic conditions that promote the industry of goods and services in Europe, not as means for European investors to control foreign economies.
EU policies should be oriented towards creating basic conditions that promote the industry of goods and services in Europe, not as means for European investors to control foreign economies.
The absence of social rights and of an effective application of social rules in countries exporting goods and services to Europe represents a danger for its industrialisation and for the basic rights of its workers.
The absence of social rights and of an effective application of social rules in countries exporting goods and services to Europe represents a danger for its industrialisation and for the basic rights of its workers.
For developing countries, industrialisation is essential to tackle poverty, and to cut the vicious circle of dependence on commodities with no added value.
For developing countries, industrialisation is essential to tackle poverty, and to cut the vicious circle of dependence on commodities with no added value.
Two basic conditions are necessary for the industrialisation of poor countries: the possibility to protect their markets in industrialised goods from very big players at least at the first stage of their development - just as industrialised countries did - and the access to technology.
Two basic conditions are necessary for the industrialisation of poor countries: the possibility to protect their markets in industrialised goods from very big players at least at the first stage of their development - just as industrialised countries did - and the access to technology.
Access to technology means access to patents, 90% of which are owned by the industrialised countries.
Access to technology means access to patents, 90% of which are owned by the industrialised countries.
Any reorientation of the current negotiations of NAMA in order to allow developing countries to protect their market, and any amendment of the TRIPS Agreement in this direction would have enormous beneficial consequences for poor people in developing countries.
Any reorientation of the current negotiations of NAMA in order to allow developing countries to protect their market, and any amendment of the TRIPS Agreement in this direction would have enormous beneficial consequences for poor people in developing countries.
Much must be done urgently for poverty-reduction, and much can be done through a change in trade rules.
Much must be done urgently for poverty-reduction, and much can be done through a change in trade rules.
These are only some proposals in order to widen the discussion and to bring to action an international trade policy more oriented towards long term concerns, towards poverty reduction, and towards the rational use of natural resources and the building of a peaceful world.
These are only some proposals in order to widen the discussion and to bring to action an international trade policy more oriented towards long term concerns, towards poverty reduction, and towards the rational use of natural resources and the building of a peaceful world.
Attīstības komiteja aicina par jautājumu atbildīgo Starptautiskās tirdzniecības komiteju savā rezolūcijas priekšlikumā iekļaut šādus ierosinājumus:
The Committee on Development calls on the Committee on International Trade, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following suggestions in its motion for a resolution:
2. atgādina par ES saistībām atbilstīgi Kotonū partnerības nolīgumam veicināt ilgtspējīgu attīstību un nabadzības izskaušanu Āfrikas, Karību jūras reģiona un Klusā okeāna valstīs (ĀKK); un uzskata, ka ES kā nozīmīgs tirdzniecības dalībnieks daudzpusējās iestādēs varētu sniegt ieguldījumu jaunattīstības valstu stāvokļa uzlabošanā, izstrādājot saskaņotāku un plašāku politiku saskaņā ar EK līguma 178. pantu; tomēr uzsver citu starptautisko līdzekļu devēju būtisko ieguldījumu;
Recalls the EU commitment, under the Cotonou Partnership Agreement, to promote sustainable development and poverty eradication in the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP); and considers that the EU, as an important trade player in the multilateral institutions, could contribute to the reinforcement of the developing countries’ position by shaping a more coherent and comprehensive policy, in accordance with Article 178 of the EC Treaty; stresses, however, the significant input of other international donors;
6. atzinīgi vērtē lēmumu par eksporta subsīdiju atcelšanu lauksaimniecībai līdz 2013. gadam un vēlreiz aicina ievērojami veicināt jau pieņemto lēmumu īstenošanu, tomēr, ņemot vērā, ka šīs eksporta subsīdijas ir tikai 3,5% no visa ES lauksaimniecības, aicina Komisiju turpināt diskusijas par to paņēmienu konkretizēšanu, ar kuriem iespējams samazināt vietējās lauksaimniecības subsīdijas un tarifus visās industriāli attīstītajās valstīs,
Welcomes the decision to abolish export subsidies in agriculture by 2013 and calls once again for the implementation of decisions already taken to be brought forward significantly; however, as these export subsidies account for only 3.5% of overall EU agricultural support, urges the Commission to continue discussions on finalising the modalities by which agricultural domestic subsidies and tariffs can be reduced in all industrialised countries;
13. atgādina par neatliekamo vajadzību stabilizēt preču cenas un pārskatīt piegādes vadības mehānismus starptautiskajos preču tirgos; aicina Komisiju atbalstīt esošos PTO Āfrikas dalībvalstu priekšlikumus pašreizējā PTO sarunu raundā izskatīt jautājumus, kas attiecas uz preču cenām;
Recalls the urgent need for stabilisation of commodity prices and a review of supply management mechanisms on international commodity markets; calls on the Commission to support existing proposals of African WTO members to have action on commodity prices included in the current Round of WTO negotiations;
17. uzskata, ka ne vien tirdzniecība, bet īpaši ekonomiskā attīstība un investīcijas mazajos un vidējos uzņēmumos, kas piegādā preces un sniedz pakalpojumus, var nākotnē palielināt labklājību; jo īpaši aicina Eiropas Investīciju banku īstenot vairāk programmu šīm mērķa grupām;
Considers that not only trade, but especially economic development, investment in small and medium sized businesses which supply goods and services, can have an impact on an increase in wealth in the future; calls, in particular, on the European Investment Bank to develop more programmes for these target groups;
Tirdzniecība un nabadzība: tirdzniecības politikas izstrāde, lai nodrošinātu tirdzniecības maksimālu ieguldījumu, mazinot nabadzību
Trade and poverty: designing trade policies to maximise trade’s contribution to poverty relief
Milan Gaľa, Manolis Mavrommatis and Miloslav Ransdorf
Milan Gaľa, Manolis Mavrommatis and Miloslav Ransdorf.