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Spilgtākie notikumi Eiropas Parlamentā (2004–2009)
Top Stories from the European Parliament 2004-2009
Šo sadaļu veido pilnvaru laika zīmīgāko un polemiskāko notikumu atlase.
Here we present our "Top Stories" , the highest-profile debates and votes of 2004-2009.
Raksti izseko lēmumu pieņemšanai Parlamentā un parāda to ietekmi.
Each item traces a decision taken in Parliament and explains its implications.
Sadaļā iekļauta arī informācija par Eiropas Parlamenta deputātu jauno nolikumu un ratifikācijas procesā esošo Lisabonas līgumu .
Where appropriate, we have also set out some of the political views expressed on the different sides of each argument.
Parlaments 2006. gada decembrī pieņēma tiesību aktu ķīmijas nozarē, izvirzot ambiciozus mērķus un liekot tās pārstāvjiem pierādīt, ka produkcija ir droša.
Ambitious legislation on chemicals, placing the onus on industry to show that its products are safe, was passed by Parliament in December 2006.
REACH regula (Ķimikāliju reģistrēšana, vērtēšana un atļaušana) nosaka, ka ir jāreģistrē apmēram 30 000 no 100 000 ķīmisko vielu, kas atrodas tirgū.
The "REACH" (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of CHemicals) regulation requires the registration of some 30 000 of the 100 000 chemical substances on the market.
Tiesību akta mērķis ir palielināt ķīmisko produktu drošību un veicināt alternatīvas testiem ar dzīvniekiem, pastiprināt konkurenci un atvieglot tirdzniecību.
The legislation aims to increase the safety of chemical products and promote alternatives to animal testing, while enhancing competitiveness and facilitating trade.
Stājoties spēkā 2007. gada 7. jūnijā, regula aizstāja apmēram 40 agrāk pieņemtus tiesību aktus.
When it entered into force in June 2007, it replaced some 40 previous laws.
REACH regula, ko Komisija iesniedza 2003. gada 29. oktobrī, aizstāj apmēram 40 agrāk pieņemtus tiesību aktus.
The REACH regulation, formally proposed by the Commission on 29 October 2003, replaces some 40 previous pieces of legislation.
Tā tiecas apvienot vairāk informācijas par drošību un citiem aspektiem attiecībā uz apmēram 30 000 vielām, kas laistas tirgū pirms 1981. gada (kad ieviesa oficiālus pieteikumus atļaujas saņemšanai) un ko ražo vai importē daudzumos, kas pārsniedz tonnu gadā.
It aims to gather more information on the safety or otherwise of around 30 000 substances first placed on the market before 1981 (since when formal applications for authorisation have been required) and manufactured or imported in quantities of over one tonne per year.
Par sabiedrības veselību vai par konkurētspēju?
Public health vs. chemical industry competitiveness
Mūsdienu sabiedrība nevar iztikt bez ķimikālijām, un šai nozarei ir būtiska nozīme ES ekonomikā.
Modern society cannot do without chemicals and the industry is crucial to the EU economy.
Taču ķimikāliju ražošana un izmantošana var radīt noteiktus riskus veselībai un videi.
But chemical production and use may also pose risks to health and the environment.
Tiek uzskatīts, ka ķimikālijas vismaz daļēji vainojamas pie tā, ka pieaug gadījumu skaits tādām slimībām kā alerģija, astma, daži vēža veidi un reproduktīvās veselības traucējumi.
Chemicals are thought to be at least partly to blame for the rise in ailments such as allergies, asthma, some forms of cancer and reproductive problems.
Tomēr informācija nav pietiekama, jo daudzos gadījumos nav veikti pētījumi.
But information is inadequate, because in many cases, insufficient research has been done.
Parlamenta debatēs visvairāk strīdu raisīja jautājums par to, kā līdzsvarot sabiedrības veselības un vides aizsardzību ar ķīmijas rūpniecības konkurētspēju.
The most controversial question in long and intensive debates in Parliament was how to balance protecting public health and the environment with safeguarding chemical industry competitiveness.
Sākotnēji politisko grupu un komiteju viedokļi ievērojami atšķīrās, jo īpaši par reģistrācijas un licencēšanas prasībām.
At the outset, views differed markedly between political groups and committees, particularly on registration and authorisation requirements.
Lai panāktu Parlamenta vairākuma atbalstu, tika izstrādāti kompromisa grozījumi.
Compromise amendments were gradually hammered out to win the backing of a majority in Parliament.
Darba gaitā vairāki nozares pārstāvji lobēja, lai priekšlikums tiktu noraidīts vai sašaurināts.
Alleging that extreme positions on both sides of the issue had endangered the talks, Parliament's rapporteur Mr Guido Sacconi (PES, IT) said: "Parts of the industry lobbied heavily to have the proposal rejected or watered down so that it would not work.
Tādā gadījumā visradikālāko vides aizstāvju nostāja būtu apdraudējusi iespēju, ka projektu jebkad vispār pieņem.
Against this, the most radically pro-environmental positions could have jeopardised the chances of the project seeing the light of day".
Tās 27 000 uzņēmumos strādā apmēram 1,3 miljoni cilvēku.
Around 1.3 million people are employed in 27 000 companies.
Jaunā regula arī atjaunos uzticību nozarei.
The new chemical regulation will restore confidence in the sector and in the use of chemical substances.
Reģistrācija un drošības atskaites Regula prasa, lai ķimikāliju ražotāji vai importētāji ES, kuras ražo vai importē vairāk par vienu tonnu gadā, pierāda ķimikāliju drošību.
As a result of the regulation, more than 30 000 substances, including their most important characteristics, will be registered at the European Chemical Agency within 11 years."
Pierādījumi jānorāda reģistrācijas dokumentācijā, ko iesniedz Eiropas Ķimikāliju aģentūrai.
The Helsinki-based European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), started work in June 2007 and has been able to accept registrations since 1 June 2008.
Ja viela nav reģistrēta, to nedrīkst importēt vai ražot Eiropas Savienībā.
Failure to register will mean the substance must not be imported or manufactured in the EU.
EP deputāti un Padome tomēr vienojās samazināt prasības par informāciju vielām, ko ražo daudzumos zem 10 tonnām gadā.
MEPs and the Council finally agreed to reduce information requirements for the registration of substances produced in quantities of less than 10 tonnes per year.
Bīstamu vielu licencēšana REACH arī nosaka, ka vielām, kas klasificētas kā „īpaši bīstamas vielas”, jāsaņem atļauja.
Such a report is not needed for lesser quantities.
Šī licencēšana Parlamentā bija viens no visstrīdīgākajiem jautājumiem.
Authorisation of hazardous substances
Līdz ar panākto kompromisu galvenā nozīme ir piešķirta vides un veselības aizsardzībai.
REACH also requires authorisation of substances rated as being “of very high concern”.
Lielākajai daļai bīstamo vielu ierobežots licenču ilgums un noteikta prasība, kas šādas vielas jāaizstāj ar drošākām alternatīvām, tiklīdz tādas kļūst pieejamas.
This authorisation was one of the most controversial issues in Parliament, whose compromise restores environment and health protection to the heart of the system by limiting the duration of authorisations for the most hazardous substances and requiring that they be replaced with safer alternatives as these become available.
Tiek lēsts, ka no 30 000 vielu, kas jāreģistrē saskaņā ar REACH, apmēram 3 000 uzskatāmas par bīstamām.
It is estimated that of the 30 000 substances to be registered with REACH around 3 000 are considered hazardous and hence are subject to the strict authorisation procedure – with no guarantee that they will be able to remain on the market.
Tāpēc uz tām attiecas stingrāka licencēšanas procedūra — bez garantijām, ka tās varēs palikt tirgū.
Hazardous substance manufacturers are required to submit plans to replace them with safer alternatives.
Bīstamo vielu ražotājiem ir pienākums iesniegt plānus par aizstāšanu ar drošākām alternatīvām.
Where no alternative exists, manufacturers must present a research plan to find one.
Ja alternatīvu nav, tad ražotājiem jāiesniedz pētniecības plāns to meklēšanai.
"More than 17 000 chemicals produced in very small quantities will not have to undergo rigorous examination, but hazardous products will be subjected to greater control than ever before.
Visbīstamākās un vislielākajos apjomos ražotās ķimikālijas jāreģistrē līdz 2010. gada 1. decembrim, bet drošākās un mazākos apjomos ražotās var reģistrēt līdz 2013. gada 1. jūnijam vai 2018. gada 1. jūnijam — atkarībā no riska pakāpes un gada ražošanas apjomiem.
The most hazardous and largest volume chemicals must be registered by 1 December 2010, while safer and lower-volume ones may wait until 1 June 2013 or 1 June 2018. depending on the degree of risk and annual production volumes.
Ar veco regulējumu neizdevās novērtēt apmēram 100 000 ķimikālijas, kas jau atrodas tirgū.
The old regulatory structure had failed to assess the estimated 100 000 chemicals already on the market.
Pienākums rūpēties par veselību un vidi Pēc Parlamenta pieprasījuma ražotājiem noteikts pienākums rūpēties par cilvēku veselību un vidi un to, lai sabiedrība tiktu informēta par apdraudējumu.
At Parliament's request, the regulation also imposes a "duty of care" on manufacturers to ensure that human health and the environment are not adversely affected and to inform the public of dangers.
Regula paredz arī slepenās informācijas aizsardzību un noteikumus, kas novērš to, ka viens un tas pats izmēģinājums ar dzīvniekiem tiek veikts vairāk nekā vienu reizi.
It also includes safeguards for confidential information and provisions to prevent the duplication of animal testing.
Tagad tas ir viens no REACH mērķiem.
Its ambition, scope and technical complexity made REACH one of the most substantial pieces of legislation ever examined by the European Parliament.
Viena viela — viena reģistrācija
"In looking carefully at the practicability of the rules, we paid special attention to small and medium sized businesses.
REACH nodrošinās principu „viena viela — viena reģistrācija”, kas ir svarīgi maziem un vidējiem uzņēmumiem.
REACH will secure the 'One Substance One Registration' principle.
Tas nozīmē, ka ražotāji, kas ražo vienu un to pašu vielu, var izmantot kopīgu reģistrācijas sistēmu un proporcionāli sadalīt izmaksas.
This means that producers of the same substance can use a shared registration system and share costs proportionately.
Novēršot zinātnisko testu dublēšanos, sistēma arī samazinās kopējās izmaksas.
By avoiding duplication of scientific tests, the system will also cut overall costs for industry.
Ambiciozo mērķu, darbības jomas un tehniskās sarežģītības dēļ REACH regula kļuva par visapjomīgāko tiesību aktu, ko jebkad izskatījis Eiropas Parlaments.
There is more flexibility for small-scale production – and the Commission will have to offer small firms guidance on how to implement the system", said Mr Sacconi.
Debates plenārsēdē (11.12.2006.)
"What appears to be an adequate legislative package is actually full of loopholes.
Paziņojumi pirms galīgā balsojuma plenārsēdē (13.12.2006.)
By contrast, Dutch MEP Hans Blokland (IND/DEM) consoled critics by saying that "the better is the enemy of the good.
EP Likumdošanas observatorija Eiropas Ķimikāliju aģentūras tīmekļa vietne Komisijas tīmekļa vietne (REACH)
1999/45/EC and Reg. on persistent organic pollutants) European Chemicals Agency European Commission homepage on REACH
Viesabonēšana: lētākas mobilo telefonu izmaksas
CIA activities in Europe: European Parliament denounces secretiveness of some Member States
Eiropas Parlamenta lēmumi ļāva vismaz 140 miljoniem mobilo telefonu lietotāju samazināt zvanu, īsziņu sūtīšanas, datu pārraides un mobilo interneta sakaru izmaksas citu dalībvalstu tīklos.
Over one thousand CIA flights used European airspace and secret detention facilities may have been located at US military bases in Europe, according to the European Parliament’s Temporary Committee on CIA activities.
2007. gada maijā Eiropas Parlamenta deputāti ar ievērojamu balsu vairākumu pirmajā lasījumā atbalstīja kompromisa vienošanos, kuru Parlaments bija panācis intensīvās sarunās ar Padomi un kurā bija paredzēti cenu griesti maksām par mobilā telefona lietošanu, lietotājiem atrodoties ārzemēs, citiem vārdiem, mobilā telefona viesabonēšanas pakalpojumiem.
Its final report, adopted in 2007, deplores the passivity of some Member States in the face of illegal CIA operations and also the Council’s lack of cooperation.
Mobilā telefona lietotāji izmanto viesabonēšanas pakalpojumus, atrodoties ārzemēs un veicot vai saņemot zvanus ārvalstu operatoru sakaru tīklā.
According to the Temporary Committee’s final report, adopted by Parliament on 14 February 2007, certain European countries have been ‘turning a blind eye’ to flights operated by the CIA which ‘on some occasions were being used for extraordinary rendition or the illegal transportation of detainees’.
Ārvalstu sakaru tīkla operators nevis nosūta rēķinu klientam, bet gan pieprasa maksu no lietotāja valsts sakaru tīkla operatora saskaņā ar vairumtirdzniecības tarifu, par kuru vienojušies abi uzņēmumi.
The report highlights that ‘secret detention facilities in European countries may have been located at US military bases’ and that ‘there may have been a lack of control’ over these bases by host European countries.
Lietotāja valsts operators pēc tam šo maksu atgūst, vai nu iekļaujot to lietotāja nākamajā rēķinā, vai arī atvelkot šo summu no lietotāja kredīta.
With the above in mind, Parliament asked the Council to ‘put pressure on all the governments concerned to give full and thorough information to the Council and the Commission and, where necessary, to start hearings and commission an independent investigation without delay’.
Regula tika pieņemta, lai noteiktu nevis fiksētas viesabonēšanas cenas atbilstoši ES tarifiem, bet gan cenu griestus, kurus nepārsniedzot mobilo sakaru operatori varētu konkurēt, piedāvājot zemākas cenas, un joprojām gūt pienācīgu peļņu.
‘At least 1 245 flights operated by the CIA flew into European airspace or stopped over at European airports between the end of 2001 and the end of 2005’, although, as emphasised by MEPs, ‘not all those flights were used for extraordinary rendition’.