natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
2 design documentation also includes sections with jointless track that are also considered a noise mitigation measure, but it was not evaluated 
2 promatrana projektna dokumentacija uključuje dionice kolosijeka bez sastava, no to nije bilo promatrano prilikom planiranja mjera zaštite.
upon planning noise mitigation measures. 
3 na vijaduktima i mostovima.
3 on viaducts and bridges. 
4 međunarodna praksa.
4 international practice. 
Građevinar 1/2017
Three types of noise barriers, each made of a different material, were modelled at this section: aluminium sound-absorbing panels, transparent sound-absorbing panels, and "Durisol" type blocks. 
Na toj su dionici modelirana tri tipa barijera napravljena od različitih materijala: aluminijski apsorbirajući paneli, prozirni apsorbirajući paneli i blokovi tipa "Durisol".
Further modifications can be made after analysis of technical segments of railway design. 
Nakon analize tehničkog projekta željeznice, mogu se primijeniti sljedeće modifikacije.
When modelling noise pollution near residential buildings and public buildings, the analysis point is set 1 m away from the nearest building wall and no less than 1.5 m above the ground level. 
Prilikom modeliranja razina buke u blizini stambenih i javnih zgrada, receptori su postavljani na udaljenosti od 1 m od najbliže fasade te na visini većoj od 1,5 m iznad površine terena.
While modelling at the second and higher floors, 3 m was added for each level. 
Prilikom modeliranja razina buke na višim katovima, na visinu od 1,5 m dodavana su 3 m po katu.
The following was established during analysis of the design documentation: declared (design) effectiveness and average distance from the track axis of noise barriers made of different materials in RAIL BALTICA (Railway section "MarijampolėŠeštokai") are given in Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. 
Deklarirana (projektna) učinkovitost barijera za zaštitu od buke izrađenih od različitih materijala, na dionici "MarijampolėŠeštokai" željezničke pruge RAIL BALTICA, i njihove prosječne udaljenosti od osi kolosijeka prikazane su na slikama 1. do 3.
Average declared (design) effectiveness and average distance from track axis of non-transparent noise barrier (made of aluminium sound-absorbing panels) 
Prosječna deklarirana (projektna) učinkovitost barijera od neprozirnih aluminijskih apsorbirajućih panela i njihova prosječna udaljenost od osi kolosijeka
On the other hand, in this RAIL BALTICA section there are only 3 noise barriers of this type, and it could be argued that the effectiveness may have been affected not only by the distance from rail axis, but also by other parameters, such as height of the noise barrier and terrain. 
S druge strane, na ovoj dionici željezničke pruge RAIL BALTICA izvedene su samo tri barijere ovog tipa pa je moguće da su na njihovu učinkovitost utjecali i drugi parametri, kao što su visina barijere i terena.
Average declared (design) effectiveness and average distance from track axis of transparent noise barrier (made of sound-absorbing panels) 
Prosječna deklarirana (projektna) učinkovitost barijera od prozirnih apsorbirajućih panela i njihova prosječna udaljenost od osi kolosijeka
That is because the barrier of the highest effectiveness (~ 17 dBA) and the barrier of the lowest effectiveness (~ 3 dBA) are almost at the same distance from rail axis, i.e. - 4.5 m and 4.3 m, respectively. 
Razlog tomu je činjenica što su najučinkovitija (~ 17 dB(A)) i najmanje učinkovita barijera (~ 3 dB(A)) bile gotovo jednako udaljene od osi kolosijeka (najučinkovitija -4,5 m, a najmanje učinkovita 4,3 m).
Hence, even though the distance is almost the same and the noise absorbing material is also basically the same, the effectiveness differs by more than 5 times. 
Iako su njihova udaljenost i materijal bili gotovo isti, učinkovitost im se razlikuje gotovo peterostruko.
Moreover, it can be observed that the noise barrier at a relatively long distance from rail axis (~ 7 m) has a relatively higher effectiveness of - 8 dBA. 
Štoviše, uočeno je da barijera na relativno velikoj udaljenosti od osi kolosijeka (~ 7 m) ima relativno veliku učinkovitost (-8 dB(A)).
Therefore, the following factors should be taken into account during the modelling: topographical conditions, type of ground surface, type of building (residential building or public building), and communication structures (roads, railways, etc.) location and measurements, greenery, pools, local atmospheric conditions, etc. 
S obzirom na navedeno, sljedeći čimbenici trebali bi biti uzeti u obzir prilikom modeliranja: topografski uvjeti, površina terena, objekti (stambeni, javni), lokacija i dimenzije prometnih objekata (ceste, željeznice, itd.), nasadi, bazeni, lokalni atmosferski uvjeti, itd.
Average declared (design) effectiveness and average distance from track axis of non-transparent noise barrier (made of "Durisol" type blocks) 
Prosječna deklarirana (projektna) učinkovitost barijera izrađenih od neprozirnih blokova tipa "Durisol" i njihova prosječna udaljenost od osi kolosijeka
The declared (design) effectiveness of the non-transparent noise barrier (made of "Durisol" type blocks) may also be evaluated in the same manner, i.e. it does not actually depend on the distance from rail axis. 
Na isti se način može ocijeniti deklarirana (projektna) učinkovitost barijera izrađenih od neprozirnih blokova tipa "Durisol" (niti ona zapravo ne ovisi o udaljenosti barijere od osi kolosijeka).
For instance, eighteen noise barriers are mounted at a distance of 4.4 to 4.6 m from track axis, with the effectiveness ranging from 2 dBA to ~ 12 dBA. 
Učinkovitost osamnaest takvih barijera, ugrađenih na udaljenostima od 4,4 do 4,6 m od osi kolosijeka, iznosi od 2 dB(A) do 12 dB(A).
Moreover, one noise barrier is also mounted at 9.8 m from the axis, but its effectiveness is relatively high - 10 dBA. 
Jedna je barijera ugrađena na udaljenosti od 9,8 m od osi kolosijeka, a njezina je učinkovitost relativno velika (-10 dB(A)).
However, a high effectiveness may also be achieved after mounting a noise barrier at a short distance from the source of noise. 
Može se dogoditi i da barijera ugrađena na manjoj udaljenosti od osi kolosijeka bude manje učinkovita.
It is believed that this effectiveness is determined by other conditions as well (terrain, neighbouring buildings, etc.). 
Analizom barijera ugrađenih na dionici Marijampolė-Šeštokaia željezničke pruge RAIL BALTICA utvrđeno je da su barijere izrađene od neprozirnih blokova tipa "Durisol" najmanje učinkovite (-7,6 dB(A)).
Nevertheless, it can be claimed that the effectiveness is closely related to the type of material the noise barrier is made of. 
Nešto veću prosječnu učinkovitost imaju barijere s transparentnim apsorbirajućim panelima (-8,6 dB(A)), dok su najučinkovitije barijere s neprozirnim aluminijskim apsorbirajućim panelima (-13,3 dB(A)).
higher average effectiveness is obtained for transparent noise barriers (made of sound-absorbing panels) - 8.6 dBA. 
5. Preporuke za odabir mjera za smanjenje razina buke od željezničkog prometa
The highest average effectiveness is obtained for non-transparent noise barriers (made of aluminium sound-absorbing panels) - 13.3 dBA. 
Na temelju ocjene mjera za smanjenje razina buke prikazanih u radu može se zaključiti da se izvori buke i mjere za smanjenje razina buke mogu značajno razlikovati.
5. Recommendations for selection of railway noise mitigation measures 
Uočeno je da se ne mogu sve mjere ocjenjivati prema kriteriju učinkovitosti.
However, it was noticed that not all noise mitigation measures may be evaluated according to their effectiveness criterion. 
Najpopularnija mjera za smanjenje razina buke u projektnoj dokumentaciji litvanskih željeznica jesu barijere za zaštitu od buke (tablica 3.).
spatial planning and management, etc.). 
Kao što je prikazano u tablici
We suggest that evaluation of noise mitigation measures be done on the basis of the guidance scheme provided in Table 4, which also includes noise mitigation measures that are most often used in the design of Lithuanian railways. 
Čak i prozirna barijera može odopušteiti preglednost u slučaju određenih lokalnih uvjeta, npr. uslijed rose, snijega ili pojave blata.
Noise barriers are the most popular noise mitigation measure in Lithuanian railway design documentation (see Table 3). 
Barijere mogu narušiti prirodan izgled okoliša, a naročito ako se prilikom njihova projektiranja inženjeri ne konzultiraju s arhitektima, itd.
For instance, as illustrated in Table 4, it is rather expensive to mount and maintain noise barriers; this measure may limit the visibility at crossings, especially if it is a non-transparent noise barrier. 
Neke se mjere rijetko primjenjuju na željeznicama, npr. mjere ekonomske i mjere prostornog planiranja (naplata pristojbi izrazito bučnim vozilima prilikom korištenja željezničke infrastrukture, financijske potpore, itd.).
On the other hand, even a transparent noise barrier may limit visibility under certain local conditions, e.g. dew, snow or mud. 
U budućnosti bi se potreba i mogućnost primjene drugih mjera trebale analizirati ocjenom drugih kriterija.
Some noise mitigation measures are seldom used for railways, e.g. territory planning measures, and economic measures (rail infrastructure charges for high noise polluters, financial support, etc.). 
Niske barijere se ugrađuju uz tračnice jer buka od kotrljanja nastaje u razini tla odnosno kolosijeka.
Thus, the need and possibilities 
Takve barijere su najučinkovitije uz primjenu štitova na podvozju.
Noise mitigation measure 
Mjere za smanjenje razina buke
window replacement / additional glazing 
zamjena prozora / dodatna stakla barijera nasip s nasadima
noise barrier 
drvored tuja
planted embankment 
dionice s
stripe of thuja 
prigušivačima na tračnicama
(absorbers) 
brušenje tračnica
exchange of brake blocks (eg. 
kolosijek bez sastava (dugi trak tračnica)
LL- brake blocks) 
Učinkovitost (projektna ili međunarodna praksa), dBA
jointless track 
Prometna sigurnost
Traffic safety 
Prosječni
Costs (mounting and maintenance) 
Prosječni
Significant 
Prosječni
Average Significant 
Značajni
Acceptance by the society 
Društvena prihvatljivost
2 To achieve effectiveness, the vegetation belt must be wide, very high and thick. 
2 Da bi se ostvarila učinkovitost, pojas vegetacije mora biti širok, vrlo visok i debeo.
3 The visibility at crossings may be limited if the noise barrier is high. 
3 Preglednost na raskrižjima može biti narušena ako je barijera visoka.
In case of partially or completely transparent noise barriers, the visibility may also be limited, especially if glass is misty. 
Preglednost može biti narušena i slučaju djelomično ili potpuno prozirnih barijera, naročito ako je panel zamagljen.
7 May limit the pedestrian crossing over the railway. 
6 Može ograničiti prelazak pješaka preko kolosijeka.
May create visual pollution and obstruct the view. 
Može stvoriti vizualno zagađenje te zaklanjati pogled.
Partially or completely transparent are more acceptable to the society. 
Djelomično ili potpuno prozirne barijere su društveno prihvatljivije.
10 Takes up a lot of space. 
10 Zauzima mnogo prostora.
11 In order to increase effectiveness, the vegetation belt must be broadened. 
11 Pojas vegetacije se mora proširiti kako bi se povećala učinkovitost.
12 May even be positive - greater resistance windows may be installed that way, ensuring a lower heat output. 
12 Može čak biti pozitivan - na taj se način mogu instalirati otporniji prozori čime smanjuje gubitak topline.
13 May create a visual pollution, especially if they are not designed by architects; may block air flows (air quality will deteriorate). 
13 Može stvoriti vizualno zagađenje, naročito ako ih nisu oblikovali arhitekti; može zaustaviti protok zraka (kvaliteta zraka će se smanjiti).
Legend: + positive impact; - negative impact; 0 no impact. 
Legenda: + pozitivan utjecaj; - negativan utjecaj; 0 bez utjecaja.
Assessment of noise mitigation measures in Lithuanian railway design documentation depending on various criteria 
Ocjena mjera za smanjenje razina buke u projektnoj dokumentaciji litvanskih željeznica ovisno o različitim kriterijima
The low barriers would be installed by the rail because the rolling noise basically originates at the ground level, i.e. at the track. 
Stoga je prilikom planiranja mjera zaštite posebno važno uzeti u obzir taj čimbenik.
The wheel-rail interaction is the main source of noise generation in railway transport. 
Indikatori za ocjenu buke i dopuštene razine buke od željezničkog prometa variraju od države do države.
Therefore, it is very important to take this factor into consideration when designing noise mitigation measures. 
U nekim zemljama dopuštene razine buke ovise o vrsti prometa, dok druge zemlje propisuju iste dopuštene vrijednosti i za cestovne i za željezničke prometnice.
In some countries limit values vary with the transport mode and in others such values are the same for roads and railways. 
Dodatni je problem ocjena mjera koje su projektirane primjenom godišnjih indikatora buke Lden, Lday, Levening i Lnight.
It could be stated that there are plenty of noise mitigation measures to be applied for rails, and hence the need for their proper selection. 
Analizom tehničke dokumentacije dionice "Marijampolė-Šeštokai" željezničke pruge RAIL BALTICA utvrđeno je da vrsta i materijal barijere više
Noise walls are the most popular railway noise mitigation measure in Lithuania. 
utječu na smanjenje razina buke od njezinog položaja u odnosu na os kolosijeka.
During design or modelling processes, noise barriers are most often selected solely on the basis of their effectiveness. 
U fazi projektiranja i modeliranja najčešće se barijere za zaštitu od buke odabiru na temelju njihove učinkovitosti.
After a detailed best practice analysis, some additional measureselection criteria were proposed (traffic safety, applicability, etc.). 
Nakon detaljne analize najboljih primjera iz prakse, predloženi su dodatni kriteriji za odabir mjera zaštite (prometna sigurnost, mogućnost primjene itd.).
The efficiency of the use of the most popular measure, noise barriers, was evaluated according to these criteria. 
Prema tim je kriterijima ocijenjena učinkovitost najpopularnije mjere zaštite - barijera za zaštitu od buke.
It was noted that noise barriers are an expensive measure and that in some cases they limit visibility at crossings, while in other cases they are not properly integrated in the surrounding landscape. 
Utvrđeno je da su barijere skupa mjera, da u određenim slučajevima smanjuju preglednost u zoni raskrižja, te da se ne uklapaju dobro u okoliš.
Furthermore, we need to analyse the need for making assessment based on additional criteria, e.g., competitiveness, demand of territory, and relative effectiveness of assessing non-acoustics methods, etc. 
Nadalje, prilikom ocjenjivanja te mjere trebali bi se u obzir uzeti dodatni kriteriji, npr. konkurentnost, prostorni zahtjevi, relativna učinkovitost ocjene neakustičnih metoda, itd.
Only a limited number of different railway noise mitigation measures are currently used in Lithuania. 
U Litvi se zasad ne primjenjuje mnogo različitih mjera za smanjenje razina buke od željezničkog prometa.
Even common rail dampers (absorbers) or rail grinding are quite rare. 
Čak su i primjena prigušivača na tračnicama i brušenje tračnica sasvim rijetki.
To reduce negative impact on environment, we also recommend using an even wider range of means, such as acoustic measures (wheel design, wheel absorbers, special track forms, rail fasteners, etc.) or non-acoustic measures (socio-economic measures, spatial planning and management, track design, etc.). 
Kako bi se smanjio štetan utjecaj željeznice na okoliš, preporučuje se primijeniti širi spektar akustičnih (izgled kotača, prigušivači na kotačima, posebne konstrukcije kolosijeka, pričvrsni pribor, itd.) i neakustičnih mjera (socioekonomske mjere, prostorno planiranje i upravljanje, izgled kolosijeka, itd.).
Since the main source of noise is the wheel to rail contact, the need for low noise barrier installation close to the rail area should also be evaluated, as well as the wheel shields, which could significantly increase the efficiency of such barriers. 
S obzirom na činjenicu da je glavni izvor buke od željezničkog prometa međudjelovanje kotača vozila i tračnica, trebalo bi razmisliti o učestalijoj primjeni niskih barijera ugrađenih uz tračnice, kao i štitova na podvozju koji bi mogli znatno povećati učinkovitost takvih barijera.
Society Conference 2011: Acoustics 2011, Breaking New Ground, 
Građevinar 1/2017
A word from the Editor 
Riječ urednika
It is my great pleasure and honour to have been appointed as the new Editor-in-Chief of the journal Građevinar. 
Velika mi je čast i zadovoljstvo što sam izabran za novog glavnog i odgovornog urednika časopisa Građevinar.
I would first of all like to extend my sincere thanks to the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers, which publishes this journal, and which has entrusted me with this important duty. 
Ovom prigodom želim se zahvaliti Hrvatskom savezu građevinskih inženjera koji izdaje ovaj časopis i koji mi je povjerio ovu odgovornu dužnost.
The journal has been continuously appearing under the same name since 1949. 
Časopis pod ovim nazivom neprekidno izlazi od 1949. godine.
Credits for this laudable achievement go to numerous authors who have been publishing their papers in the journal, to previous editorial board members who have invested, together with the editorial staff, a high level of expertise and diligence into preparation of high-quality materials, to reviewers who have helped in the selection of valuable papers, to readers who have been pointing to rare oversights and, of course, to all former editors-in-chief. 
To treba zahvaliti autorima koji su objavljivali svoje radove, dosadašnjim članovima redakcijskih odbora koji su zajedno s članovima uredništva stručno i savjesno radili na pripremi materijala, recenzentima koji su pomogli odabrati vrijedne radove, čitateljima koji su ponekad upozoravali na određene propuste te svakako dosadašnjim glavnim i odgovornim urednicima.
To succeed someone who has been editing the journal for 36 years is for me a great responsibility, but also a privilege and a real challenge. 
Naslijediti nekoga tko je 36 godina uređivao časopis predstavlja za mene još veću odgovornost, ali i veliki izazov.
To be the editor-in-chief of a scientific & professional journal is a very demanding and serious responsibility. 
Biti glavni i odgovorni urednik znanstveno-stručnog časopisa vrlo je zahtjevna i odgovorna dužnost.
The editor must respond to their needs and interests, but should at the same time be ready to take criticism. 
Moraju se pratiti njihove potrebe i zanimanja, ali treba biti spreman i na kritike.
Of course, editors are also required to improve quality and make future plans for the journal, and especially to make sure it is recognized as an outstanding publication on an international plan. 
Dakako, od urednika se traži i povećanje kvalitete, planiranje budućnosti časopisa te posebice njegove međunarodne prepoznatljivosti.
All these requirements and responsibilities oblige editors to be ready for hard, systematic and long-lasting work, as only such attitude may result in continuous publication of the journal, and constant quality improvements. 
Svi ti zahtjevi i odgovornosti obvezuju na spremnost za naporan, sustavan i dugotrajan rad jer se jedino tako može ostvariti kontinuirano izlaženje časopisa i podizanje njegove kvalitete.
At this point, please allow me to briefly introduce myself. 
Dopustite mi da se ukratko i osobno predstavim.
I am employed with the Transport Department of the Faculty of Civil Engineering - University of Zagreb, where I am the Chair of the Railways Section. 
Zaposlen sam na Građevinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, u Zavodu za prometnice gdje sam pročelnik Katedre za željeznice.
My principal educational, scientific and professional activities have been focused on the field of railways, and on the noise and vibrations generated by the road and railway traffic. 
Moje glavno nastavno, znanstveno i profesionalno djelovanje odnosi se na područje željeznica te buku i vibracije od cestovnog i tračničkog prometa.
In addition to my lecturing and research activity, the cooperation with commercial operators is the path I am always trying to pursue, as this is the best way to obtain useful ideas for scientific research, and also to implement research results into the everyday engineering practice. 
Osim nastavnog i znanstvenog djelovanja, suradnja s gospodarstvom je ono prema čemu uvijek nastojim težiti jer je to najbolji način dobivanja korisnih ideja za znanstvena istraživanja, ali i najbolji put za primjenu rezultata istraživanja u svakodnevnoj inženjerskoj praksi.
I am currently heading a scientific research project, a research technology project, and an international project. 
Trenutačno vodim znanstveno-istraživački projekt, zatim znanstveno-tehnološki projekt i uz to međunarodni projekt.
I am also in charge of several seminars for professional advancement in civil engineering, among which the Days of Transport Facilities deserve special mention. 
Voditelj sam više seminara za stručno usavršavanje u graditeljstvu, a posebno ističem Dane prometnica.
As to international research and professional gatherings, I am inter alia highly active in the scope of the International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure (CETRA), which I have initiated, and which has aroused a great interest this year as well (papers from 44 countries have been registered for the conference). 
Djelujem i na razini međunarodnih znanstveno-stručnih okupljanja u sklopu Međunarodne konferencije o cestovnoj i tračničkoj infrastrukturi - CETRA, koju sam pokrenuo i za koju i ove godine postoji veliko zanimanje (prijavljeni radovi iz 44 zemlje svijeta).
When considering various duties of editors-in-chief, then it can rightly be said that a great deal of courage is needed to take on this position, especially if some modifications to the journal are planned. 
Kad se promotre odgovornosti glavnog i odgovornog urednika, tada za prihvaćanje ove dužnosti treba imati i dovoljno hrabrosti, osobito ako se na početku kreće i u određene promjene časopisa.
In fact, already from the first issue I am editing, new features include a novel look of the journal, bilingualism of the on-line edition, and appointment of younger colleagues as members of the Editorial Board. 
Već od ovog prvog broja koji uređujem, može se primijetiti novi izgled časopisa, dvojezičnost u on-line izdanju te uključivanje mlađih kolega u Urednički odbor.
When selecting the Editorial Board members, I was guided by the idea that the Board should include members from scientific institutions (four faculties of civil engineering in Croatia), professional societies (Croatian Association of Civil Engineers, and Croatian Chamber of Civil Engineers), and the Society of Graduate Civil Engineers (AMCA-FA), who are certainly very much interested in ensuring regular publication of the journal Građevinar, and who would want it to remain the leading journal in the sphere of civil engineering. 
Pri odabiru članova Uredničkog odbora rukovodio sam se činjenicom da u Odboru trebaju biti predstavnici znanstvenih ustanova (četiri građevinska fakulteta u Hrvatskoj), stručnih društava (Hrvatski savez građevinskih inženjera i Hrvatska komora inženjera građevinarstva) te Udruga diplomiranih inženjera građevinarstva (AMCA-FA), kojima je zasigurno stalo da časopis Građevinar redovito izlazi te da bude kao i do sada glavni u području graditeljstva.
Newly appointed members of the Board have already published papers in this journal, and are willing to assist and support its development, so that the journal can reach even a higher level of recognition. 
Izabrani članovi Odbora i do sada su objavljivali radove u ovom časopisu te imaju volje i želje pomoći u razvoju i postizanju još veće prepoznatljivosti časopisa.