natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Estimating investment value in railway lines reconstruction process, GRAĐEVINAR, 69 (9), 885-892, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE. 
Procjena investicijske vrijednosti u procesu rekonstrukcije željezničkih pruga, GRAĐEVINAR, 69 (9), 885-892, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.
The paper explores the possibility of using spatial criteria for the evaluation of abandoned or underused industrial complexes (brownfields) during their urban renewal. 
U radu se istražuje mogućnost primjene prostornih kriterija za vrednovanje napuštenih ili nedovoljno iskorištenih industrijskih kompleksa (braunfilda) prilikom njihove urbane obnove.
The establishment of unique spatial criteria in the analysis and evaluation of brownfield sites is the precondition for their uniform and sustainable development. 
Uspostava jedinstvenih prostornih kriterija u analizi i vrednovanju braunfild lokacija pretpostavka je njihova ujednačenja i održiva razvoja.
The validity of the proposed criteria is checked on the example of analysis of the former industrial complex Rudi Čajavec in Banja Luka. 
Valjanost predloženih kriterija provjerena je na primjeru analize bivšeg industrijskog kompleksa Rudi Čajavec u Banjoj Luci.
industrial brownfields, development potential, urban renewal, spatial criteria, Rudi Čajavec 
industrijski braunfildi, razvojni potencijal, urbana obnova, prostorni kriteriji, Rudi Čajavec
Špirić, A.: Spatial criteria in urban renewal of industrial brownfield sites, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (2015) 9, pp. 865-877, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE. 
Špirić, A.: Prostorni kriteriji u urbanoj obnovi industrijskih braunfild lokacija, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (2015) 9, pp. 865-877, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.
Spatial criteria in urban renewal of industrial brownfield sites, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (9), 865-877, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE. 
Prostorni kriteriji u urbanoj obnovi industrijskih braunfild lokacija, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (9), 865-877, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.
Total sludge disposal costs are quite considerable in case of large-size wastewater treatment plants, where they are approximately equal to personnel costs. 
Kod velikih uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda, ukupni su troškovi obrade mulja znatni i približno su jednaki troškovima osoblja.
The problems relating to the Zagreb wastewater treatment plant are methodically analyzed, from the first conceptual design in 1980, to the present day situation. 
U radu se na pregledan način analizira problematika uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda grada Zagreba od njegovog prvog idejnog rješenja 1980. godine do danas.
The issue of final disposal of sludge still remains unsolved, which poses a big problem in the operation and maintenance of this plant. 
Pitanje konačne obrade mulja još uvijek nije riješeno što predstavlja veliki problem u radu i održavanju uređaja.
Possible procedures for final treatment and disposal of sludge generated at the Zagreb wastewater treatment plant are presented in full detail. 
Mogući postupci konačne obrade i odlaganja mulja s uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda grada Zagreba detaljno su prikazani u radu.
sludge from the wastewater treatment plant, use of sludge energy level, use of sludge in agriculture 
mulj s uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda, korištenje energijske razine mulja, korištenje mulja u poljoprivredi
Tedeschi, S., Malus, D., Vouk, D.: Final treatment of wastewater sludge in the City of Zagreb, GRAĐEVINAR, 64 (2012) 2 
Tedeschi, S., Malus, D., Vouk, D.: Konačna obrada mulja otpadnih voda grada Zagreba, GRAĐEVINAR, 64 (2012) 2
Final treatment of wastewater sludge in the City of Zagreb, GRAĐEVINAR, 64 (2) 
Konačna obrada mulja otpadnih voda grada Zagreba, GRAĐEVINAR, 64 (2)
The relationship between the ground motion intensity measure, IM, and the engineering demand parameter, EDP, is analysed in the paper so as to identify and define the most efficient EDP-IM relationships for RC high-rise buildings. 
U radu je provedena analiza ovisnosti između mjere intenziteta potresa IM i parametra seizmičkog odziva EDP, radi pronalaženja i definiranja najučinkovitijih ovisnosti EDP-IM za armiranobetonske visoke zgrade.
A 30-story RC high-rise building with the core wall structural system was selected as the reference building. 
Kao referentna konstrukcija izabrana je trideseterokatna AB visoka zgrada konstrukcijskog sustava s AB jezgrom.
240 nonlinear time-history analyses were conducted for 60 ground motions on the spatial model of the building. 
U okviru analize provedeno je 240 nelinearnih dinamičkih analiza na djelovanje 60 potresnih zapisa na prostornom modelu konstrukcije.
The existing intensity measures were analyzed and the new ones - providing the most efficient relationships for RC buildings - were proposed. 
Analizirane su postojeće i predložene su nove mjere intenziteta koje daju najučinkovitije ovisnosti za AB visoke zgrade.
high-rise RC buildings, intensity measure, engineering demand parameter, nonlinear time-history analysis 
visoke AB zgrade, mjera intenziteta, parametar seizmičkog odgovora, nelinearna dinamička analiza
Pejovic, J., Janković, S.: Dependence of RC high-rise buildings response on the earthquake intensity, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (2015) 8, pp. 749-759, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE. 
Pejovic, J., Janković, S.: Ovisnost odziva armiranobetonskih visokih zgrada o mjeri intenziteta potresa, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (2015) 8, pp. 749-759, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.
Dependence of RC high-rise buildings response on the earthquake intensity, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (8), 749-759, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE. 
Ovisnost odziva armiranobetonskih visokih zgrada o mjeri intenziteta potresa, GRAĐEVINAR, 67 (8), 749-759, doi: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.
Recent earthquakes around the world have shown that most masonry clock towers are susceptible to structural damage and collapse. 
Nedavni potresi u svijetu pokazali su kako je većina zidanih tornjeva sa satom podložna konstrukcijskim oštećenjima i urušavanju.
An appropriate tower model was erected in order to investigate structural behaviour of a historic masonry watch tower at the Dolmabahce Palace in Istanbul. 
Kako bi se istražilo ponašanje konstrukcije povijesnog zidanog tornja sa satom Dolmabahce u Istanbulu, izrađen je model tornja.
The initial analysis of self-weight was followed by dynamic analysis, which took into account the influence of deeper soil layers next to tower foundations, and seismic motions registered for soft and stiff soil conditions during the 1999 earthquake in Kocaeli, Turkey. 
Početno je analizirano djelovanje vlastite težine nakon čega je provedena dinamička analiza koja je uzela u obzir utjecaj dubljih slojeva tla uz temelje tornja te potresna gibanja zabilježena kod mekanih i čvrstih uvjeta tla prilikom potresa u Kocaeli u Turskoj 1999. godine.
Masonry tower, soft soil, stiff soil, dynamic analysis, earthquake response 
zidani toranj, dinamička analiza, utjecaj potresa, interakcija tla i građevine, potres
Y.: Dynamic analysis of Dolmabahce masonary clock tower, GRAĐEVINAR, 65 (2013) 4, pp. 345-352 
Y.: Dinamička analiza Dolmabahce zidanog tornja sa satom, GRAĐEVINAR, 65 (2013) 4, pp. 345-352
Dynamic analysis of Dolmabahce masonary clock tower, GRAĐEVINAR, 65 (4), 345-352 
Dinamička analiza Dolmabahce zidanog tornja sa satom, GRAĐEVINAR, 65 (4), 345-352
Rutting resistance of waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems on bridges 
Otpornost na kolotraženje sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik na mostovima
Key words: waterproofing of bridges, asphalt pavement, rutting, polymer modified bitumen, concrete deck 
Ključne riječi: hidroizolacija mostova, asfaltni kolnik, kolotraženje, polimerom modificirani bitumen, betonska ploča
Otpornost na kolotraženje sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik na mostovima 
Rutting resistance of waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems on bridges
Na voznim površinama mostova pri primjeni klasičnih sustava hidroizolacije s tankim asfaltnim slojevima učestalo se pojavljaju plastične deformacije, posebice one oblika kolotraga. 
Application of traditional waterproofing systems with thin asphalt courses results in occurrence of plastic deformities on traffic areas of bridges, especially in the form of rutting.
U okviru istraživanja provedena je analiza postojećih sustava u eksploataciji, laboratorijska ispitivanja i terenska mjerenja relevantnih svojstava pojedinih elemenata sustava, kao i sustava u cjelini, koji utječu na otpornost pojave kolotraga. 
The investigations comprised the analysis of the existing systems in exploitation, laboratory testing and on site measurements of relevant properties of individual system elements, as well as the system as whole, which have an impact to the resistance to rutting.
Dobiveni rezultati su provjereni i potvrđeni na primjenjenom sustavu hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik pri izgradnji vijadukta Odra na autocesti A11. 
The achieved results were controlled and confirmed on the waterproofing - asphalt courses system executed during construction of the Odra viaduct on the A11 motorway.
Ključne riječi: hidroizolacija mostova, asfaltni kolnik, kolotraženje, polimerom modificirani bitumen, betonska ploča 
Key words: waterproofing of bridges, asphalt pavement, rutting, polymer modified bitumen, concrete deck
Rutting resistance of waterproofingasphalt pavement systems on bridges 
Otpornost na kolotraženje sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik na mostovima
Miroslav Šimun, PhD. CE 
Miroslav Šimun, dipl.ing.građ.
Prof. Tatjana Rukavina, PhD. CE 
Tatjana Rukavina, dipl.ing.građ.
The serviceability level of an infrastructure facility/structure, viewed from the aspect of safety, driving comfort, and durability of driving surface, has to be considered through the quality of the asphalt pavement - waterproofing system. 
Razinu uslužnosti infrastrukturne građevine iz aspekta sigurnosti i udobnosti vožnje, ali i trajnosti vozne površine, treba promatrati kroz kvalitetu sustava asfaltni kolnikhidroizolacija.
The sealing waterproofing layer has to be made of stable watertight materials placed in the prescribed manner, which includes an adequately developed base and high-quality protective and final pavement courses. 
Brtveni sloj hidroizolacije mora biti izveden od postojanih vodonepropusnih materijala ugrađenih na propisani način, što uključuje primjereno uređenu podlogu i postojan zaštitni te završni sloj kolnika.
Asphalt pavement courses on bridges serve as the driving surface and, during exploitation, they have to meet conditions for safe and comfortable driving. 
Asfaltni slojevi kolnika mosta imaju ulogu vozne površine pa tijekom uporabe trebaju zadovoljavati uvjete sigurne i udobne vožnje.
Traditional design solutions for waterproofing - asphalt systems call for utilisation of fine-grained asphalt mixtures, and tolerate relatively small deviations in course thickness. 
Projektnim rješenjima klasičnih sustava hidroizolacija-asfalt predviđa se uporaba sitnozrnate asfaltne mješavine koja ima dopuštena relativno mala odstupanja u debljini sloja.
In the case of uneven and poor compaction level of courses placed on an extremely hard concrete or steel base, they exhibit low resistance to permanent pavement deformations in the form of rutting. 
Osim nejednolike i slabe zbijenosti ugrađenog sloja na izrazito krutoj betonskoj ili čeličnoj podlozi, takve su podloge manje otporne i na pojavu trajne deformacije kolnika u obliku kolotraga.
Often the protective course has the function of a levelling course, and it is realized in either excessive or insufficient technological thicknesses. 
Zaštitni sloj često ima funkciju izravnavajućeg sloja i izvodi se ispod minimalnih odnosno iznad maksimalnih tehnoloških debljina.
Details not specified in the design such as the waterproofing ends at expansion joints, concrete kerbs, and gullies, the absence of drainage canals, drainage basins, and soakaways that ensure goodquality drainage of water from pavement, are deficiencies that are detrimental to proper functioning of the waterproofingasphalt pavement systems. 
Projektom neriješeni detalji završetka hidroizolacije u području prijelaznih dilatacijskih naprava, betonskih rubnjaka i slivnika, te izostanak izvođenja drenažnih kanala ili gnijezda kao i procjednica koje omogućuju dobru odvodnju procjednih voda s kolnika, nedostaci su koji utječu na funkcioniranje sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik.
According to available data, average maximum summer temperatures on pavement surfaces reach up to 60°C in some parts of Croatia. 
Prema dostupnim podacima, prosječne maksimalne ljetne temperature površine kolnika u nekim dijelovima Hrvatske dosežu 60°C.
Generally, properties of asphalt placed on structures are not defined separately, although experience clearly points to specific differences in the realization and use of pavement structures on structures (e.g. bridges), when compared to asphalt pavement structures on roads. 
Svojstva asfalta na građevini obično nisu posebno određena, iako iskustva jasno pokazuju da postoje specifični uvjeti izvođenja i uporabe kolničkog zastora u odnosu na asfaltnu kolničku konstrukciju trase ceste.
2. Waterproofing - asphalt pavement system 
2. Sustav hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik
A wide range of waterproofing construction products, and many types of asphalt mixes with various binder properties, are currently available on the market. 
Na tržištu postoji velik broj hidroizolacijskih građevnih proizvoda i niz tipova asfaltnih mješavina s varijacijama svojstava veziva.
Several types of waterproofing are applied in Croatia in combination with asphalt courses. 
U Hrvatskoj se primjenjuje nekoliko tipova hidroizolacije u kombinaciji s asfaltnim slojevima.
Sealing courses made of welded prefabricated bitumen strips with the epoxy resin base, and those made of the fine-grained (levelling) protective and final wearing course of rolled asphalt, are most often used. 
Najčešće se koriste brtveni slojevi od zavarene predgotovljene bitumenske trake na temeljnom sloju od epoksidne smole te od sitnozrnatog (izravnavajućeg) zaštitnog i završnog habajućeg sloja valjanog asfalta.
Due to variations in course thickness, physicomechanical properties of placed fine-grained asphalt mixtures are relatively low, which frequently results in the occurrence of defects, rutting in particular. 
Izvedene sitnozrnate asfaltne mješavine zbog variranja debljine sloja smanjenih su fizikalno-mehaničkih svojstava, pa je pojava nedostataka, posebno u obliku kolotraga učestala.
structure, lying on an extremely hard concrete or steel pavement slab exhibits, a low resistance to plastic deformities under the heavy truck traffic at high outside temperatures. 
Takva relativno tanka fleksibilna asfaltna konstrukcija na izrazito tvrdoj betonskoj ili čeličnoj kolničkoj ploči ima manju otpornost na pojavu plastičnih deformacija
An insufficient evenness of pavement on bridges is due to unevenness/roughness of deck slab surfaces, which cannot be smoothed down by realization of thin asphalt courses made of fine-grained asphalt mixtures characterized by low resistance to rutting. 
Razlog loše ravnosti vozne površine kolnika mosta jest neravnost površine nosive kolničke ploče koju je teško izravnati izvođenjem tankih asfaltnih slojeva od sitnozrnate asfaltne mješavine, a koje ujedno imaju i manju otpornost na kolotraženje.
A traditional waterproofing - asphalt system presented in Figure 1 comprises the following: - Primer made of epoxy resin or bitumen coating, which serves for development of the base surface (concrete or steel deck) in order to achieve a good adhesion between the sealing course and the underlying slab. 
Klasični sustav hidroizolacija - asfalt prikazan na slici 1., sadrži različite slojeve od kojih svaki ima određenu namjenu: - Temeljni sloj od epoksidnih smola ili bitumenskog premaza ima ulogu obrade površine podloge (betonska ili čelična ploča) u svrhu postizanja dobre prionjivosti brtvenog sloja s nosivom pločom.
In case of local depressions, the application of primer is preceded by levelling using epoxy mortar, i.e. by mechanical removal of bumps from the bearing slab surface. 
U slučaju lokalnih udubljenja, izvedbi temeljnog sloja prethodi izravnanje epoksidnim mortom odnosno mehaničko skidanje ispupčenja na razini površine nosive ploče.
- Protective (levelling) course made of rolled asphalt (asphalt concrete, AC, or split mastic asphalt, SMA) or mastic asphalt (MA), which has a protective role, i.e. it has to be placed in such a way to prevent mechanical or temperature defects of the sealing course, or any other occurrence that might affect watertightness. 
- Zaštitni (izravnavajući) sloj od valjanog asfalta (asfaltbetona - AC ili splitmastiksasfalt SMA) ili lijevanog asfalta (MA) ima ulogu zaštite, odnosno potrebno ga je izvesti na način da ne dođe do mehaničkog ili temperaturnog oštećenja brtvenog sloja i ugrožavanja vodonepropusnosti.
This course may serve as both the load-bearing course and the binding course. 
Taj sloj može imati ulogu nosivog, ali i veznog sloja.
An additional course may be also be included in the system, in order to further improve roughness and resistance to rutting. 
Unutar sustava može zasebno biti izveden i još jedan dodatni sloj radi poboljšanja ravnosti i otpornosti na pojavu kolotraga.
- Wearing course made of rolled asphalt type AC or SMA, which serves as the driving surface of the pavement and has to meet requirements relating to roughness (IRI), skid resistance (SRT), and texture, which are important for ensuring safe and comfortable driving. 
- Habajući sloj od valjanog asfalta tipa AC ili SMA, koji ima ulogu vozne površine kolnika na građevini i mora zadovoljiti uvjete ravnosti (IRI), hvatljivosti (SRT) i teksture, koji su bitni za sigurno i udobno prometovanje.
Cross section of a traditional waterproofing - asphalt courses system for structures 
Skica presjeka klasičnog sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni slojevi na građevini
Current investigations 
Postojeća istraživanja
Strineka [2] studied the impact of bitumen mortar composition on the deformability of asphalt. 
Istraživanje utjecaja sastava bitumenskog morta na deformabilnost asfalta detaljno je analizirano u radu [2].
Građevinar 10/2013 
Radi
on the composition of asphalt specimens, enables definition of optimum asphalt mixtures, taking into consideration other asphalt properties required in specific cases. 
Otpornost na kolotraženje sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik na mostovima
The polymer (elastomer or plastomer) modified bitumen, characterised by higher equiviscous temperature during placing, is utilised in order to improve asphalt pavement properties for increasing resistance to permanent deformity in the form of rutting. 
poboljšanja svojstava asfaltnih kolnika u smislu povećanja otpornosti na trajnu deformaciju u obliku kolotraga, koristi se polimerom (elastomerom ili plastomerom) modificirani bitumen koji ima više ekviviskozne temperature ugradnje.
The use of asphalt mixtures with addition of bitumen, which reduces temperature during production and placing, contributes to lowering of the sealing course defect risk and, furthermore, it reduces environmental pollution in compliance with the Kyoto protocol [3]. 
Primjena asfaltnih mješavina s dodatkom bitumenu koji snižava temperaturu proizvodnje i ugradnje pridonosi smanjenju rizika oštećenja brtvenog sloja, ali i umanjuje onečišćenje okoliša sukladno sporazumu iz Kyota [3].
The resistance of waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems to plastic deformities on concrete bridges was studied in the framework of the EP1 project (Standfester Gesamutaufbau, Prufung und Bewertung). 
Otpornost sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni slojevi kolnika na pojavu plastične deformacije na betonskim mostovima istražena je u okviru projekta EP1 (Standfester Gesamutaufbau, Prufung und Bewertung).
A series of model studies based on physical observations resulted in development of specific models for defining compressive and tensile stresses in asphalt courses: Erkens [4], Bosch [5], Medani et al. [6], Aireyet et al. [7], Jansen [8]. 
Nizom istraživanja modela temeljenih na fizikalnim opažanjima dobiveni su pojedinačni modeli za tlačna odnosno vlačna naprezanja u asfaltnim slojevima: Erkens [4], Bosch [5], Medani i drugi [6], Aireyet i drugi [7] i Jansen [8].
The definition of individual properties of asphalt materials (stress, rigidity, cracks, plasticity) as input data enables development of a combined numerical model of asphalt behaviour. 
Definiranjem pojedinih svojstava asfaltnih materijala (naprezanje, krutost, pukotine, plastičnost) kao ulaznih podataka, moguće je uz pomoć numeričkih alata dobiti kombinirani model ponašanja asfalta.
Bild [9] investigated durability as a criterion for designing asphalt pavements on orthotropic steel deck bridges. 
Bild [9] bavio se trajnošću kao kriterijem za projektiranje asfaltnih kolnika na ortotropnim čeličnim pločama mostova.
Property of resistance to rutting 
Svojstvo otpornosti na kolotraženje
Ruts are manifested in asphalt pavements as longitudinal depressions in the trajectory of wheels, with small elevations at edges. 
Kolotrazi se uočavaju na asfaltnom kolniku kao uzdužno ulegnuće u putanji kotača s malim uzdignućima na rubovima.
They occur due to progressive deformities during application of repeated load produced by wheels of the vehicle. 
Nastaju uslijed progresivnih deformacija pri opetovanim opterećenjima pneumatika vozila.
Asphalt rutting may be caused by plastic flow and consolidation. 
Kolotraženje asfalta može biti uzrokovano plastičnim tečenjem i konsolidacijom.
The principle cause of asphalt rutting is plastic flow occurring due to shear deformation in asphalt mixture. 
Glavni uzrok kolotraženja asfalta je plastično tečenje koje nastaje uslijed posmične deformacije unutar asfaltne mješavine.
A reduced shear resistance may be caused by inadequate quantity of bitumen in the mixture, inadequate grain size distribution, and by deformities resulting from humidity in the mixture, or by a bad stone skeleton. 
Smanjena posmična otpornost može biti uzrokovana neodgovarajućom količinom bitumena u mješavini, neodgovarajućom granulometrijom, a uzrok mogu biti i oštećenja uslijed vlage u mješavini ili loš kameni skelet.
The consolidation is a continued compaction of pavement due to traffic load. 
Konsolidacija je nastavak zbijanja kolnika u razdoblju nakon ugradnje pod utjecajem prometa.
Because of inadequate compaction, the proportion of voids in the placed asphalt is higher than specified. 
Zbog nedovoljne zbijenosti sloja, ugrađeni asfalt sadrži veći udio šupljina nego što je projektirano.
Movement of vehicles along similar trajectories causes additional compaction in the wheel zone. 
Uslijed kretanja vozila po otprilike istoj putanji dolazi do dodatnog zbijanja u zoni kotača.
The contribution of rutting caused by additional compaction of material in the wheels trajectory zone in the overall amount of rutting is relatively small. 
Kolotrazi uzrokovani dodatnim zbijanjem materijala u području traga kotača imaju relativno mali doprinos u ukupnoj pojavi kolotraga.
The rutting is a direct indicator of asphalt behaviour under load, as related to temperature conditions during pavement use. 
Kolotraženje je direktan pokazatelj ponašanja asfalta pod prometnim opterećenjem ovisno o temperaturnim uvjetima tijekom uporabe u kolniku.
Numerous and highly varied defects occur during the service life of transport facilities. 
Tijekom uporabnog vijeka dolazi do pojave brojnih oštećenja raznih tipova.
placing temperature, humidity of air and humidity at the 
- uvjeti izvođenja sustava: temperatura ugradnje, vlažnost
base, and asphalt compaction energy and procedure. 
zraka i podloge te energija i postupak zbijanja asfalta.
The principal cause of rutting in waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems, which occurs after increasingly shorter exploitation times, is certainly the increase in number of trucks and the increase in axial load values, as registered over the past fifteen years [11]. 
Kao glavni uzrok zašto se kolotrazi na sustavu hidroizolacijaasfaltni kolnik pojavljuju u sve kraćem uporabnom razdoblju, svakako je porast broja kamiona i povećanje osovinskog opterećenja u posljednjih petnaest godina [11].
3. Testing resistance to rutting 
3. Ispitivanje otpornosti na kolotraženje