natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
When comparing the stochastic approach with the deterministic approach on this particular project, it can be stated that performance values of both approaches are nearly equivalent. 
Uspoređujući stohastički pristup s determinističkim, možemo zaključiti da su vrijednosti učinaka gotovo jednake.
It can however be assumed that the statistical data sample is not large enough to exploit the advantages of Monte Carlo simulation. 
Pretpostavka je da statistički podaci nisu dovoljno veliki da bi se iskoristile prednosti metode Monte Carlo.
Despite of this, the stochastic approach is more accurate and reflects better actual on-site conditions. 
Unatoč tome, stohastički pristup je zanemarivo precizniji i prikazuje realnije rezultate.
In cases where formulas and relations between variables are more complicated, it can be supposed that the potential of the stochastic approach (specifically the Monte Carlo simulation) will fully be used. 
U slučaju kada su odnosi među varijablama složeni, bolje je primijeniti stohastički pristup, a posebno metodu simulacije Monte Carlo.
Consequently, this approach can be applied in case of much more diverse input parameters, whereas the deterministic approach does not reflect randomness and probability of an event affecting performance of construction machines. 
Prema tome, ovaj pristup se može primijeniti u slučaju kad imamo mnogo različitih ulaznih podataka, dok deterministički pristup ne obuhvaća slučajnost i vjerojatnost događaja koji utječu na rad građevinskih strojeva.
Performance 
Pristup
Deterministic Stochastic 
Učinak
Technical performance [m3/h] 
Deterministički pristup
Operational performance [m3/h] 
Stohastički pristup
Machine productivity. 
Građevinar 7/2015
Hyben, I.: Machinery operator of the construction company (In Slovak: Mechanizátorstavebnejfirmy), B &Group, Martin, 2007. 
Mária Kozlovská, Marek Krajňák, Lenka Sirochmanová, Renáta Bašková, Zuzana Struková
[10] Bezak, S., Linarić, Z.: Methodological approach to the calculation of machine work cost in civil engineering, GRADEVINAR, 61, (2009), 1, pp. 23-27. 
[11] Dražić, J., Trivunić, M., Mučenski, V., Peško, I., Nikolić, A.: Optimization in the Choice of Building Mechanization, Conference proceedings of People, Buildings and Environment 2012, Lednice, Czech Republic, (2012), pp. 102-112.
[11] Dražić, J., Trivunić, M., Mučenski, V., Peško, I., Nikolić, A.: Optimization in the Choice of Building Mechanization, Conference proceedings of People, Buildings and Environment 2012, Lednice, Czech Republic, (2012), pp. 102-112. 
[12] Izetbegović, J., Bezak, S.: Applying a Combined ChronometricSimulation Method for Optimizing Operation Management in Construction, Organization, Technology and Management in Construction, 2, (2010), 1, pp. 156-160.
[14] Cukrov, S.: Selection of machines for excavation of water main trenches, GRADEVINAR, 61, (2009), 4, pp. 339-345 [15] Struková, Z., Ištvánik, M.: Tools for mobile crane selecting and locating, International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2, (2011), pp. 69-74, http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ IRASE. 
[15] Struková, Z., Ištvánik, M.: Tools for mobile crane selecting and locating, International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2, (2011), pp. 69-74, http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ IRASE.
Evaluation of drought using standardised precipitation and flow indices and their correlations on an example of Sinjsko polje 
Ocjena suše primjenom standardiziranog indeksa oborine i protoka te njihov odnos na primjeru Sinjskog polja
Sinjsko polje is a karst polje situated in the central part of the Cetina River. 
Sinjsko polje je krško polje i nalazi se u središnjem dijelu rijeke Cetine.
Weather data for the Sinj Station, and hydrological data for the Han and Grab stations, collected in the period from 1981 to 2010, are considered. 
Razmatrani su meterološki podaci sa stanice Sinj i hidrološki podaci sa postaja Han i Grab iz razdoblja 1981-2010.
The SPI and SFI values are used to define drought periods characterized by their duration, intensity, and magnitude. 
Pomoću vrijednosti SPI i SSI određena su sušna razdoblja koja su izražena pripadnim trajanjem, intenzitetom i magnitudom.
Key words: karst field, drought, precipitation, streamflow, Cetina 
Ključne riječi: krško polje, suša, oborina, protok, Cetina
Ocjena suše primjenom standardiziranog indeksa oborine i protoka te njihov odnos na primjeru Sinjskog polja 
Evaluation of drought using standardised precipitation and flow indices and their correlations on an example of Sinjsko polje
Sinjsko polje je krško polje i nalazi se u središnjem dijelu rijeke Cetine. 
Sinjsko field is a karst polje situated in the central part of the Cetina River.
Obuhvaća 62 km2, a većim je dijelom meliorirano s povoljnim uvjetima za poljoprivredu. 
It occupies an area of 62 square kilometres and has mostly been ameliorated, thus presenting favourable conditions for agriculture.
Za analizu suše u ovome radu primijenjeni su standarizirani indeks oborine (SPI) i standardizirani indeks protoka (SSI). 
The standardised precipitation index (SPI) and the standardised streamflow index (SSI) are used in this paper for drought analysis.
Razmatrani su meterološki podaci sa stanice Sinj i hidrološki podaci sa stanica Han i Grab iz razdoblja 1981-2010. 
Meteorological data for the Sinj station, and hydrological data for the Han and Grab stations, collected in the period from 1981 to 2010, are used.
Pomoću vrijednosti SPI i SSI određena su sušna razdoblja koja su izražena pripadnim trajanjem, intenzitetom i magnitudom. 
The SPI and SSI values are used to define drought periods characterized by their duration, intensity, and magnitude.
Ključne riječi: krško polje, suša, oborina, protok, Cetina 
Key words: karst field, drought, precipitation, streamflow, Cetina
Aufgrund der SPI und SSI Werte wurden Trockenzeiten ermittelt sowie mit Dauer, Intensität und Magnitude beschrieben. 
Aufgrund der SPI und SSI Werte wurden Dürren ermittelt sowie mit Dauer, Intensität und Magnitude beschrieben.
WATER DEVELOPMENT d.o.o iljubenkov@gmail.com 
Igor Ljubenkov, dipl.ing.građ.
Ksenija Cindrić Kalin, MSc. 
WATER DEVELOPMENT d.o.o iljubenkov@gmail.com
Sinjsko polje is one of the largest karst fields in the Croatian region of Dalmatia. 
Sinjsko polje jedno je od najvećih kraških polja u Dalmaciji.
Agriculture has a long-standing tradition in this area. 
U tom području poljoprivreda ima dugu tradiciju.
Therefore, extensive land-improvement works have been initiated in the second half of the 20th century to ensure favourable conditions for intensive agriculture. 
Stoga su u drugoj polovini 20. stoljeća provedeni opsežni melioracijski radovi kako bi se osigurali povoljni uvjeti za intenzivnu poljoprivredu.
To the present date, the planned works have not been fully realized, and the crops are therefore exposed to periodic flooding in the rainy season, as well as to drought during summer. 
Međutim, do današnjeg dana, planirani radovi nisu u potpunosti provedeni zbog čega su usjevi izloženi periodičnim poplavama u kišnoj sezoni, kao i suši tijekom ljeta.
A network of canals is used for the drainage and irrigation of the Sinjsko polje. 
Za odvodnju i navodnjavanje Sinjskog polja koristi se kanalska mreža.
The existing canals are approximately 150 km in total length. 
Ukupna je duljina postojećih kanala oko 150 km.
Although about 20 square kilometers could be irrigated based on the present amelioration system, only a quarter of this area, or about 5 sq. km, is systematically irrigated. 
Dvadesetak četvornih kilometara može se navodnjavati direktno iz ovog melioracijskog sustava, ali se samo četvrtina tog područja sustavno navodnjava, što je oko 5 km2.
A part of the agricultural land located in peripheral zones is out of reach of water from irrigation canals, thus making the irrigation impossible. 
Dio poljoprivrednog zemljišta koji se nalazi u perifernim zonama izvan dosega vode iz kanala, ne navodnjava se.
Also, cultivated land that is located outside the amelioration area can not be irrigated. 
Također, ne navodnjava se ni obradivo zemljište koje se nalazi izvan melioracijskog područja.
Consequently, a significant part of the Sinjsko polje is irrigated exclusively in natural way i.e. by precipitation and by capillary action from the soil. 
Dakle, znatan dio Sinjskog polja navodnjava se isključivo na prirodan način, tj. s oborinama i kapilarno iz podzemlja.
The corresponding yields primarily depend on precipitation regime. 
Odgovarajući prinosi prije svega ovise o režimu oborina.
Therefore, drought has been declared a natural disaster in the Sinjsko polje on several occasions in the past 20 years (e.g. in 2000, 2003, and 2012). 
Stoga je u zadnjih 20 godina prirodna katastrofa od suše u Sinjskom polju proglašena nekoliko puta (npr. 2000., 2003., 2012.).
In Split-Dalmatia County, in which the Sinjsko polje is located, drought is a significant natural hazard accounting for 19 % of economic losses, and is in this respect second only to the storm-generated losses (26 %). 
U Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji, kojoj Sinjsko polje pripada, suša je druga prirodna opasnost koja uzrokuje velike ekonomske gubitke s udjelom od 19 % (nakon 26 % gubitaka zbog nevremena).
The third-ranking natural hazard is fire, i.e. forest fires that are usually triggered by long dry periods in the warm half of the year. 
Treća prirodna opasnost s velikim štetama su šumski požari koji su obično povezani s dugim sušnim razdobljima u toploj polovini godine.
No soil moisture measurements have been made in the area although such information would be necessary to ensure relevant identification of agricultural drought. 
Međutim, ona je uglavnom posljedica meteoroloških suša [2, 3], zbog čega smo u mogućnosti dati (samo) kvantitativnu procjenu poljoprivredne suše.
However, meteorological drought data [2, 3], enable (only) a quantitative estimation of agricultural droughts. 
Štoviše, neki autori primjenjuju standardizirani indeks oborine (eng.
Moreover, some authors use the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as an agricultural drought indicator, since it is strongly related to crop production [4]. 
Standardized Precipitation Index - SPI) kao indikator poljoprivredne suše, jer taj indeks ima snažnu korelaciju s poljoprivrednim prinosom [4].
In the present paper, the drought analysis is performed using the SPI, which is extensively applied in meteorological drought monitoring practices [5-15]. 
U ovom radu provedena je analiza suše pomoću SPI koji ima široku primjenu u meteorološkom praćenju suše [5-15].
A similar SPI calculation concept is also applied on the streamflow data using the Standardized Streamflow index (SSI). 
Sličan koncept izračuna SPI je primijenjen i na podatke protoka pa je definiran standardizirani indeks protoka (eng.
The authors point out that drought should be analysed at different time scales. 
Autori ističu da sušu treba analizirati na različitim vremenskim skalama.
They emphasize the need for testing usefulness of drought indicators to monitor different drought types prior to development of monitoring plans. 
Naglasili su potrebu testiranja primjene indeksa suše za različite vrste suša prije izrade planova praćenja suše.
Finally, they conclude that future research is needed in other basins to determine the relationships between the time of response of hydrological variables to climatic characteristics and the water resources management. 
Na kraju, zaključili su da je potrebno provesti daljnja istraživanja i u drugim slivovima kako bi se utvrdilo vrijeme odgovora hidroloških varijabli u odnosu na klimatske karakteristike i upravljanje vodnim resursima.
Similarly, Rimkus et al. [18] analyse hydrological and meteorological drought phenomena using the Standardized Precipitation Index on the Neman River (97,864 km2), which mostly influences the area of Lithuania, and the area of four neighbouring countries. 
[18] analizirali su hidrološku i meteorološku sušu pomoću standardiziranog indeksa oborine na slivu rijeke Neman (97,864 km2), koji se najvećim dijelom nalazi na području Litve, a manjim dijelom na području četiriju susjednih država.
They use data from 21 meteorological and 15 hydrological stations, covering the period from 1961 to 2010. 
Koristili su podatke s 21 meteorološke i 15 hidroloških postaja od 1961. do 2010.
In that period, no changes in the frequency of drought and its intensity were established. 
U tom razdoblju nisu utvrđene promjene učestalosti i intenziteta suše.
The area occupied by the Neman River basin exceeds that of the Sinjsko polje by about 1,600 times. 
Sliv rijeke Neman je znatno veći od Sinjskog polja, gotovo 1.600 puta.
Haslinger et al. [19] present a regional analysis of the link between meteorological drought indices and streamflow for different catchments in Austria, with areas ranging from 13 to 622 sq. km. 
[19] proveli su regionalnu analizu povezanosti meteorološkog indeksa suše i protoka za različite slivove u Austriji čije su površine u rasponu od 13 do 622 km2.
They have established that a significant correlation exists between the meteorological data and streamflow, except for catchments where groundwater storage and snow processes are important. 
Autori su otkrili značajnu korelaciju između meteoroloških podataka i protoka, osim za slivove s izraženim akumuliranjem podzemne vode i režimom snijega.
The main objectives of this study are the identification and quantification of meteorological and hydrological drought data, and the determination of their relationship in the karst field area of the Sinjsko polje. 
Glavni su ciljevi ovog istraživanja identificirati i kvantificirati meteorološku i hidrološku sušu, kao i odrediti njihov odnos u krškom području tj. Sinjskom polju.
2. Study area 
2. Područje razmatranja
The Cetina River, 105 km in length, runs in its entire course through the region of Dalmatia, itself situated in the southern part of Croatian littoral. 
Rijeka Cetina ima duljinu toka 105 km te u cijelosti teče kroz Dalmaciju, hrvatsku južnu regiju.
To the downstream of Peruča Dam, the River passes through the Hrvatsko polje, and then through the Sinjsko polje, which is the largest karst field (polje) in the Cetina River catchment area. 
Nizvodno od brane Peruča rijeka teče kroz Hrvatačko polje, a zatim kroz Sinjsko polje, koje je najveće krško polje u slivu rijeke Cetine.
In the most downstream reaches, the river runs through canyons, changes direction of flow to the west, and finally flows into the Adriatic Sea (at the town of Omiš). 
U najnizvodnijem dijelu toka rijeka teče kroz kanjone, mijenja smjer toka prema zapadu i na kraju se ulijeva u Jadransko more (u gradu Omišu).
catchment (F = 1,650 sq. km). 
a).
In this zone, the Cetina River flow is under the direct influence of the HEPP Peruča in operation since 1960, which is located about 13 km upstream of Han, and has a topographic catchment of 1,200 km2. 
Sinjsko polje s površinom oko 62 km2 jedno je od najvećih krških polja u Dalmaciji, s duljinom oko 12 km i širinom oko 5-6 km.
The Sinj weather station, which started operating in 1949, is situated at the northwestern border of the field. 
Okruženo je planinama Dinara, Svilaja i Kamešnica, kao i nižim brežuljcima triljskog područja.
b). 
Građevinar 2/2016
An average annual temperature in the field is 12.9°C. 
Prosječna godišnja temperatura zraka je 12,9°C.
The annual precipitation varies between 822 mm and 1,686 mm, with the average of 1,146 mm in the 1981-2010 period. 
Godišnja količina oborine varira između 822 mm i 1686 mm, s prosjekom od 1146 mm u razdoblju 1981.-2010.
The lowest average precipitation values are registered in July (42 mm) and the highest in November (163 mm). 
Najniže prosječne količine oborine su u srpnju (42 mm), a najviše u studenom (163 mm).
Two specific half-year periods are important from the agricultural standpoint: warm period (or vegetation period - from April to September) and cold period (from October to March). 
S poljoprivrednog aspekta dva su polugodišnja perioda važna: topli dio (ili vegetacijsko razdoblje od travnja do rujna) i hladni dio (od listopada do ožujka).
On average, only 457 mm of precipitation, or about 40 % of the total annual precipitation, can be expected In the vegetation period, while the average value of 689 mm of precipitation can be expected in the cold period. 
U vegetacijskom razdoblju prosječno se može očekivati samo 457 mm oborine, što je oko 40 % od ukupne godišnje količine, dok se u preostalom hladnom dijelu godine prosječno može očekivati 689 mm oborine.
Some general data for the two hydrological stations are given in Table 1. 
Što se tiče karakteristika navedenih hidroloških postaja, neki opći podaci prikazani su u tablici 1.
The Han station is located on the downstream side of the bridge across the river (Figure 1. 
Postaja Han se nalazi na nizvodnom dijelu mosta preko rijeke (slika 1.
The measurements at the 
Limnigraf je instaliran 1957. godine.
But proper conditions for a stable, high-yielding, and cropintensive agricultural production have not as yet been achieved. 
Međutim, još uvijek nisu potpuno osigurani uvjeti za stabilnu visoku intenzivnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju.
The reasons for this are primarily of organizational and technical nature, although the importance of natural factors such as climate and hydrology should not be disregarded. 
Razlozi su za to prije svega organizacijski i tehnički, ali ne treba zanemariti ni prirodne čimbenike kao što su klimatski i hidrološki režim.
Therefore, the existing water management and agronomic system is characterized by occasional excess (surplus) or deficit of water. 
Dakle, postojeći vodnogospodarski i agronomski sustavi izloženi su povremenom višku ili manjku vode.
The precipitation data from the Sinj weather station, and streamflow data from the Han and Grab hydrological stations at the Cetina River and its tributary, comprising the available 30-year measurement period (1981-2010), were used for the purposes of this study. 
Za potrebe ovog rada korišteni su podaci o količinama oborine s meteorološke postaje Sinj i podaci o protoku s hidroloških postaja Han i Grab, koji se odnose na rijeku Cetinu odnosno njezine pritoke u 30-godišnjem razdoblju mjerenja (1981.2010.).
The Cetina River is the main source of water for agricultural irrigation in the Sinjsko polje. 
Rijeka Cetina je glavni izvor vode za navodnjavanje Sinjskog polja.
A long time period of at least 30-years is needed for the estimation of parameters. 
Klimatološka postaja Sinj nalazi se u sjeverozapadnom dijelu polja, a počela je s radom 1949. godine.
The 19812010 reference period based on available hydrological and meteorological measurements is used in the present study. 
Postaja se nalazi na koordinatama 43° 43'N i 16° 40'E i na nadmorskoj visini od 298 m (slika 1.
The drought intensity classification according to [21] is given in Table 2. 
SPI vrijednosti upućuju na potencijalni manjak oborine na danoj lokaciji.
A dry spell for a certain time scale can be determined from the SPI value sequence by finding the first value lower than -1. 
Sušno razdoblje za određenu vremensku skalu može se odrediti iz niza SPI vrijednosti koje započinje s prvom vrijednosti nižom od -1.
The consecutive series of negative SPI values (SPI < 0) determines duration of dry spell, which ends when the SPI reaches the positive or zero value. 
Uzastopni niz negativnih SPI vrijednosti (SPI < 0) upućuju na trajanje suše koja završava kada SPI postane pozitivan ili jednak nuli.
The magnitude (M) of such dry spell is the sum of associated SPI values in dry spell of duration D: 
Magnituda (M) takvog sušnog razdoblja se računa kao zbroj uzastopnih SPI vrijednosti u trajanju D:
Dry spells are determined for different time scales (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months) and the associated magnitudes are calculated. 
U radu su određena sušna razdoblja na različitim vremenskim skalama (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 i 24 mjeseci) kao i pripadajuće magnitude (M).
An advantage of the SPI lies in the possibility of calculating the SPI value for various time scales, thus making this index valuable not only for meteorological drought monitoring but also for agricultural and hydrological droughts. 
Prednost je standardiziranog indeksa oborine (SPI) što ima mogućnost izračuna na različitim vremenskim skalama, a to je korisno ne samo za praćenje meteorološke suše već i za poljoprivrednu i hidrološku sušu.
The same approach was used for streamflow values at the Han and Grab hydrological stations, resulting in the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). 
Isti pristup je primijenjen i na protoke registrirane na hidrološkim postajama Han i Grab te je dobiven standardizirani indeks protoka (SSI), čime je omogućena usporedba meteoroloških i hidroloških varijabli.
This enabled comparison of meteorological and hydrological variables. 
Naime, McKee i sur.
Namely, McKee et al. (1993) [21] indicated that since SPI requires only one input variable, it could be applied in a similar way to snowpack, streamflow, reservoir storage, soil moisture, and ground water. 
(1993.) [21] navode da na primjeru izračuna SPI-a koji zahtijeva samo jednu ulaznu varijablu, sličan bi se postupak mogao primijeniti i za snježni pokrivač, protok, akumulaciju, vlažnost tla i podzemne vode.
However, we made a preliminary statistical analysis and tested the goodness of fit of gamma distribution to empirical data (not shown). 
Ipak, proveli smo preliminarne statističke analize i testirali prilagodbu gamarazdiobe empirijskim podacima protoka (nije prikazano).
General hydrological data for stations Han and Grab 
Opći hidrološki podaci o postajama Han i Grab
About 1 km upstream of Trilj, the Cetina River receives water from the Ruda and Grab rivers. 
Rijeka Cetina, kad je otprilike kilometar uzvodno od Trilja, prihvaća vodu iz Rude i Graba.
The flow of the Ruda River is under the direct influence of the HEPP Orlovac (built in 1972). 
Protok rijeke Rude je pod izravnim utjecajem HE Orlovac (izgrađena 1972.).
The Grab watercourse has a natural hydrological regime, and the flow depends on the generosity of its source and on water collected from its own basin. 
Vodotok Graba ima prirodni hidrološki režim, a protok ovisi o izdašnosti samog izvora površinskog dotjecanja s vlastitog sliva.
Therefore, the Grab hydrological station is taken into account in this paper, in addition to the Han station which is strongly under the human impact due to the HEPP operation. 
Stoga je hidrološka postaja Grab također razmatrana u ovom radu (osim postaje Han čiji je režim toka pod snažnim utjecajem čovjeka zbog hidroelektrane).
The Grab station is located on the Grab River at about 800 m downstream of its spring, and it started operating in 1964. 
Hidrološka postaja Grab nalazi se na rijeci Grab, približno 800 m nizvodno od izvora, a započela je s radom 1964.
It is situated about 10 km to the south-east of the Sinj weather station. 
Također, ona se ujedno nalazi i oko 10 km jugoistočno od meteorološke postaje Sinj.
Mean annual inflow of the Grab River to the Ruda River is 4.1 m3 s-1, with the lowest recorded flow of 0.41 m3 s-1 (21 Sep 1992), and the highest recorded flow of 37.5 m3 s-1 (24 Dec 1982) (Table 1 and Figure 2). 
Srednji godišnji dotok Graba u Rudu je 4,1 m3/s, dok je najmanji zabilježeni protok bio 0,41 m3/s (21. rujna 1992.), a najviši 37,5 m3/s (24. prosinca 1982.) (tablica 1., slika 2.).
Gauging station 
Postaja
Watercourse 
Vodotok
Established 
Početak rada
Actual level (m a.s.l.) 
Kota nule (m n.m.)
Average annual streamflow [m3/s] 
Srednji godišnji protok [m3/s]
Minimum streamflow [m3/s] 
Minimalni protok [m3/s]
Maximum streamflow [m3/s] 
Maksimalni protok [m3/s]
Table 2. 
b i 3.
Results show that drought periods differ, both in intensity and duration, over the analysed 30-year period. 
Dakle, za kraće vremenske skale učestalost suše je veća u usporedbi s većim skalama, ali s manjim intenzitetom.
The extreme values of the SPI index occurred in 1985, 1990, 1997, 2003, and 2008 for the selected time scales. 
S druge pak strane, na duljim vremenskim skalama (9, 12 i 24 mjeseci), suša je rjeđa, ali ima dulje trajanje i veće magnitude.
However, for the time scale of 24 months, the longest dry period began in February 1989 and lasted 34 months (Table 3). 
To može biti posljedica režima rada HE Peruča, odnosno ispuštanja protoka manjih od propisanog biološkog minimuma (3,5 m3/s) u prethodnim godinama.