natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the formally independent institutions, through an application of the control mechanism of approving the financial plan, the Government directly affects the effectiveness and action priorities of these bodies. 
U formalno neovisnim institucijama primjenom kontrolnog mehanizma odobravanja financijskog plana Vlada izravno utječe na učinkovitost i prioritete djelovanja neovisnih tijela.
In a Conclusion of April 2003, the Government obligated the regulatory bodies (Agency for Protection of Market Competition, Securities Commission, Insurance Companies Control Directorate, Telecommunications Council, and the Croatian Energy Regulatory Council) to draw up their financial plans based on the same principles that are valid in the ministries (according to the costs method, without any built-in methods for monitoring effectiveness). 
Zaključkom iz travnja 2003. godine Vlada je obvezala regulatorna tijela (Agenciju za zaštitu tržišnog natjecanja, Komisiju za vrijednosne papire, Direkciju za nadzor društava za osiguranje, Vijeće za telekomunikacije i Vijeće za regulaciju energetskih djelatnosti) da pri izradi financijskih planova primjenjuju načela koja se primjenjuju u tijelima državne uprave (prema troškovnoj metodi, bez ugrađenih mehanizama za praćenje učinkovitosti).
Further, the government limited the amount of funds for each individual item of the financial plan per employee at the level of the ministries, so that it should not be greater than those in the ministry that has the greatest expenditure per employee for the same item. 
Nadalje, Vlada je zaključkom ograničila visinu sredstava za pojedinu stavku financijskog plana po zaposlenome na razinu ministarstva, tako da ne bude veća od one u ministarstvu koje za tu stavku ima najveće izdatke po zaposlenome.
Linking this amount with the greatest amount per employee creates an incentive for the hiring of a large number of poorly trained and badly paid administrative and auxiliary personnel and/or an irrational raising of costs up to the items that exist in the ministries. 
Vezanjem iznosa s najvećim iznosom po zaposlenome u državnoj upravi stvoren je poticaj za zapošljavanje većeg broja slabije obrazovanoga i lošije plaćenoga administrativnog i pomoćnog osoblja i/ili neracionalno povećanje troškova prema stavkama koje postoje u ministarstvima.
In the same Conclusion the Government obliged the regulatory bodies to pay the difference between revenue and expenditure into the national Budget. 
Ujedno, istim je zaključkom Vlada obvezala regulatorna tijela i da razlike između prihoda i rashoda uplate u državni proračun.
Thus the government redefined the regulatory bodies that are not financed from the budget, making them not non-profit but profit-making bodies, the profits of which go to the owner (the state). 
Time je Vlada regulatorna tijela koja se ne financiraju iz državnog proračuna iz neprofitnih ustanova redefinirala u profitne institucije, čiji se profit ostavlja vlasniku (državi).
Although the approach that assumes supervision of the Government over the financial plans and reports is justified because of the inefficient legal system and the accountability for possible abuse, on the other hand the lack of effectiveness of the Government restricts the work in these bodies too. 
Iako je pristup koji podrazumijeva nadzor Vlade nad financijskim planovima i izvještajima opravdan zbog manjkavog pravnog sustava i odgovornosti za moguće zlouporabe, s druge pak strane neučinkovitost Vlade ograničava rad i tih tijela.
By breaking this rule (as in example for drawing up a budget) legal certainty, already shaken by frequent changes of laws, is additionally reduced. 
3) Vlada ne bi smjela obvezivati neovisna tijela, dodatno se smanjuje pravna sigurnost već narušena čestim promjenama zakona.
For example, the Telecommunications Council was set up in 2001 by the Telecommunications Act Amendments Law (NN 68/01). 
Primjerice, Vijeće za telekomunikacije uspostavljeno je 2001. godine Izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o telekomunikacijama (NN 68/01).
During the procedure of the selection of commissioners, the term of office was reduced from five to two years (NN 109/01), and the first period will be over at the end of 2003. 
Tijekom procedure izbora članova trajanje mandata skraćeno je s pet na dvije godine (NN 109/01), te će prvi mandat biti završen krajem 2003. godine.
In the meantime, a new law has been passed, and the Council will actually cease to exist, these affairs being taken over by the Croatian Telecommunications Agency. 
U međuvremenu je donesen novi zakon, pa će Vijeće prestati postojati, a poslove će preuzeti Hrvatska agencija za telekomunikacije.
The new Telecommunications Law was adopted during the process of the privatisation of Croatian Television Channel 3, and the best tender was chosen by the members of the Radio and Television Council. 
Novi Zakon o telekomunikacijama usvojen je tijekom postupka privatizacije trećeg programa HTV-a, a najbolju ponudu izabrali su članovi Vijeća za radio i televiziju.
This Council will also soon become defunct and its authorities too will be taken over by the Croatian Telecommunications Agency. 
To će Vijeće također prestati postojati, a i njegove će ovlasti preuzeti Hrvatska agencija za telekomunikacije.
Full time work is not in itself bad and in theory allows individuals to commit themselves to the full. 
Puno radno vrijeme samo po sebi nije loše i omogućuje, teorijski, snažniji angažman pojedinca.
Still, according to OECD research, in small countries with limited resources, it is harder to ensure the effective work of independent and professional regulators (OECD, 2003). 
Ipak, prema rezultatima istraživanja OECD-a, u malim državama s ograničenim resursima teže je osigurati učinkovit rad neovisnih i profesionalnih regulatora (OECD, 2003).
In addition, bearing in mind the condition in the public administration, the intentions of the Government to equalise the wages with the wages of civil servants and to make the budgets in these bodies as in the ministries, not to encourage professional development and training, such provisions might lead to a reduction of the professional level of these bodies. 
Usto, imajući na umu stanje u javnoj upravi, namjere Vlade da ujednači plaće s plaćama državnih službenika i da se u tim tijelima proračun izrađuje kao u ministarstvima, da se ne potiče profesionalni razvoj i obrazovanje, takve bi odredbe mogle dovesti do smanjivanja “profesionalne” razine tih tijela.
Finally, through change in the institutional framework, changes in the practice of implementation become feasible, and a space is opened for speculation about whether changes in the law are linked with personnel changes, whether they are a form of political pressure and/or if the new legal framework that provides for the professionalisation of the performance of these duties is a way of increasing the subservience of these independent regulators to political pressures. 
Konačno, promjenom institucionalnog okvira omogućuje se promjena provedbene prakse i otvara prostor za spekulacije o tome jesu li promjene zakona vezane uz kadrovske promjene, jesu li oblik političkog pritiska i/ili nije li novi zakonski okvir, koji predviđa profesionalizaciju obavljanja tih dužnosti, način da se poveća podložnost neovisnih regulatora političkim pritiscima.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
ZAKLJUČAK I PREPORUKE
Since the country became independent, the only serious reform of the public administration in Croatia has been its expansion. 
Od uspostave države jedina “ozbiljna” reforma javne uprave u Hrvatskoj jest njezina ekspanzija.
The large number of ministries has led to the fragmentation of action and makes coordination more difficult. 
Velik broj ministarstava dovodi do fragmentiranog djelovanja i otežava koordinaciju.
The result is weak effectiveness and lack of trust in the public administration. 
Rezultat je slaba učinkovitost i nepovjerenje u javnu upravu.
At the same time, frequent changes in the laws that govern the work of bodies with public authorities increase the instability of institutions charged with the enforcement of the laws. 
Ujedno, ceste promjene zakona kojima se uređuje rad tijela s javnim ovlastima povećavaju nestabilnost institucija zaduženih za primjenu zakona.
The Government has recognised that an effective public administration is crucial for the implementation of regulations after they have been adopted. 
Vlada je prepoznala da je učinkovita javna uprava ključna za provedbu propisa nakon njihova usvajanja.
However, in the implementation of reform, difficulties have shown up. 
Međutim, u provedbi reforme pojavljuju se teškoće.
First, the strategy for the development of the public administration has not been defined. 
Prvo, nije definirana strategija razvoja javne uprave.
From this derives the on-going need for adjustments, which leads to legal uncertainty. 
Iz toga proizlazi i kontinuirana potreba za prilagodbama, što dovodi do pravne nesigurnosti.
This in turn reduces the credibility of the institutions and strengthens the need to supervise them, which exceeds the Government's capacity. 
Time se smanjuje kredibilnost institucija i jača potreba za njihovim nadzorom, što pak premašuje mogućnosti Vlade.
Secondly, effectiveness is not monitored, financial control is poor, and the budget is based on costs. 
Drugo, ne prati se učinkovitost, financijska je kontrola slaba, a proračun se temelji na troškovima.
Difficulties in these areas are experienced by the accession countries, individual EU members and institutions at the level of the EU. 
Teškoće na tim područjima imaju i države pristupnice, pojedine članice EU-a, kao i institucije na razini EUa.
The differences are in the level of these problems, i.e., to what measure they limit the success of performing the tasks of the public administration. 
Razlike su u razini tih problema, tj. u tome koliko oni ograničavaju uspješnost obavljanja zadaća javne uprave.
In accordance with the overall assessment of the European Commission, in line with the conditional approach, Croatia is comparable with the Helsinki Group as they were just before the beginning of negotiations in 1999. 
Na temelju opće ocjene Europske komisije, u skladu s uvjetovanim pristupom, Hrvatska je usporediva s helsinškom grupom zemalja kandidatkinja neposredno prije početka pregovora, 1999. godine.
According to the elements for the assessment of the public administration during the fulfilment of the economic conditions for membership, Croatia lags behind the candidates and the member states primarily in the implementation of measures necessary for adjustment to the single market (e.g., institutions charged with the monitoring of the giving of state aid). 
Prema elementima za ocjenu javne uprave glede ispunjavanja ekonomskih uvjeta za članstvo, Hrvatska kasni prema ostalim kandidatkinjama i državama članicama ponajprije u provedbi mjera nužnih za prilagodbu jedinstvenom tržištu (npr. institucije zadužene za praćenje pružanja državne pomoći).
A comparison of the priorities of PHARE and CARDS shows that the problems Croatia is facing are comparable with those of the candidates during the adjustment period. 
Usporedba prioriteta PHARE programa s CARDS-om pokazuje da su problemi s kojima se suočava Hrvatska usporedivi s problemima ostalih kandidatkinja tijekom prilagodbe EU.
The later start of harmonisation explains the lower level achieved to date. 
Kasniji početak prilagodbi objašnjava i manju razinu usklađenosti s EU-om.
Reform of the public administration should enable to create the conditions for effective implementation of reforms in other areas, too. 
Reforma javne uprave trebala bi stvoriti uvjete za učinkovitu provedbi reformi i na drugim područjima.
Meanwhile, a key role in the process of strengthening the public administration will be played by the planning and preparation of reform. 
Pri tome ključnu ulogu u procesu jačanja javne uprave ima planiranje i priprema njezine reforme.
To increase the effectiveness of the public administration and its contribution to joining the EU, the following recommendations can be made: 
Za povećanja učinkovitosti javne uprave i njezina doprinosa priključivanju EU preporuke su:
• Define the objectives of public administration reform, order and deadlines for single measures; 
• definirati ciljeve reforme, njihov redoslijed i rokove
• Define and separate the authorities of the various public administration bodies and those of institutions with public authorities (clarify the institutional framework); 
• odrediti i jasno razgraničiti ovlasti tijela državne uprave od institucija s javnim ovlastima (objasniti institucionalni okvir)
• According to the objectives and assignments of the public administration and the institutions with public authorities, lay down their organisation; 
• na temelju ciljeva i zadataka tijela državne uprave i institucija s javnim ovlastima utvrditi njihov ustroj
• Reduce the number of ministries to make coordination easier; 
• smanjiti broj ministarstava radi olakšavanja koordinacije
• Determine performance criteria and relate institutional budgets to them; 
• utvrditi mjerila učinkovitosti i s njima povezivati proračune institucija
• Gradually introduce budgeting in terms of activities; 
• postupno uvoditi proračun na temelju aktivnosti
• Monitoring reforms in all phases in implementation (as opposed to no further than the legislative phase); 
• proširiti praćenje provedbe prilagodbi do njihove provedbe
• For each measure, appoint just one body, and not several, to be charged with the coordination; 
• za svaku mjeru imenovati samo jedno, a ne više tijela, koje će biti zaduženo za koordinaciju
• Reduce the engagement of the Government in managing reforms that are not priorities for the sake of improving its effectiveness; and 
• smanjiti angažman Vlade u upravljanju reformama koje nisu prioritetne radi povećanja njezine učinkovitosti
• Strengthen the independence of the independent bodies and the transparency of their work. 
• uz pomoć neovisnih tijela jačati neovisnost i transparentnost rada.
i The courts and other institutions that have the authority to hand out sanctions are certainly important for an effective implementation of the regulations. 
I Sudovi i druge institucije koje imaju ovlasti izricanja sankcija svakako su važne za učinkovitu provedbu propisa.
Still, this paper is concentrated on the ability to carry through the regulations, not on the effectiveness with which failures are penalised. 
Ipak, ovaj je rad usredotočen na mogućnost provedbe propisa, a ne na učinkovitost sankcioniranja propusta.
ii The founding treaty means the Treaty of Nice, or the Treaty Establishing the European Community, consolidated version, with amendments agreed on at the meeting of the European Council in Nice (European Council, 2000:1). 
II Osnivački ugovor označava Ugovor iz Nice (Treaty of Nice, 2001), odnosno Treaty Establishing the European Community, konsolidiranu verziju s izmjenama dogovorenim na sastanku Europskog vijeća u Nici (European Council, 2000;1).
iii The term conditions here and elsewhere in the text, mentioned in conjunction with membership criteria, imply the conditions from the EU's regional approach, i.e., the obligations to respect peace agreements, work with the ICTY, and create the conditions for the return of refugees. 
iii Termin uvjeti ovdje (i dalje u tekstu kad se navode uz kriterije za članstvo) podrazumijeva uvjete iz politike uvjetovanosti EU-a prema državama regije, tj. obveze poštovanja mirovnih sporazuma, suradnje s Međunarodnim sudom i obvezu stvaranja uvjeta za povratak izbjeglica.
iv This concerns Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania and Malta, who started membership negotiations after the European Council meeting in Helsinki in December 1999. 
iv Riječ je o Slovačkoj, Latviji, Litvi, Bugarskoj, Rumunjskoj i Malti, koje su pregovore o članstvu započele nakon sastanka Europskog vijeća u Helsinkiju u prosincu 1999.
For all the countries except for Malta the reason for the later beginning of the negotiations was the failure to meet political criteria. 
Za sve države osim Malte razlog kasnijeg početka pregovora bilo je neispunjavanje političkih kriterija.
In 1996 Malta put its application, originally submitted in 1990, on hold, but reactivated it in 1998. 
Malta je 1996. zamrznula svoj zahtjev za članstvo, originalno podnesen 1990. godine, a 1998. ponovno ga je aktivirala.
v These are Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Cyprus, which started membership negotiations in 1998, in line with the decision of the European Council in Luxembourg, December 1997. 
v To su Češka, Estonija, Mađarska, Poljska, Slovenija i Cipar, koji su pregovore o članstvu započeli početkom 1998, u skladu s odlukom Europskog vijeća u Luksemburgu iz prosinca 1997.
vi Turkey signed an association agreement in 1963. 
vi Turska je s EZ-om potpisala sporazum o pridruženom članstvu 1963. godine.
It handed in an application for membership in 1987, but the European Commission in its first opinion concerning Turkey's candidacy was against starting negotiations. 
Predala je zahtjev za članstvo 1987. godine, ali je Komisija u prvom mišljenju o kandidaturi Turske iz 1998. godine bila protiv otvaranja pregovora.
The first accession partnership was accepted in March 2001. 
Prvo pristupno partnerstvo prihvaćeno je u ožujku 2001.
vii These are: market competition and state aid, intellectual, industrial and commercial property, public procurement, standardisation, metrology, accreditation and conformity assessment, consumer protection, company law, accounting law, financial services, land transport, health and safety at work, data security. 
vii To su tržišno natjecanje i državne potpore, intelektualno, industrijsko i trgovačko vlasništvo, javne nabave, normizacija, mjeriteljstvo, ovlašćivanje i ocjena sukladnosti, zaštita potrošača, pravo društava, računovodstveno pravo, financijske usluge, kopneni promet, zdravlje i sigurnosti na radu te zaštita podataka.
viii The assessment of whether the public administration in Croatia enables the fulfilment of these political and economic criteria is shown in Table 8. 
viii Ocjena da li javna uprava u Hrvatskoj omogućava ispunjavanja razmatranih političkih i ekonomskih kriterija prikazana je u tablici 8.
ix All 20 members of the Commission and its president Jacques Santer resigned in 1999 immediately after the publication of an independent report concerning claims about fraud, bad management and nepotism in the work of the Commission (see Euroscope no. 42). 
lx Svih 20 članova Komisije i njezin predsjednik Jacques Santer podnijeli su u ožujku 1999. ostavku neposredno nakon što je objavljen izvještaj neovisnih stručnjaka o tvrdnjama o prijevarama, lošem menadžmentu i nepotizmu u Komisiji (više v. IMO, 2001-2003, br.
For a comparison of the level of the grey economy, proxies are corruption and effectiveness of the customs and tax administrations indicators. 
Za usporedbu razine sive ekonomije indirektno mogu poslužiti indikatori korupcije, učinkovitost carinskih i poreznih uprava.
xi The research covered 9 indicators that were developed by different institutions. 
xl Istraživanje je obuhvatilo devet pokazatelja što su ih razvile različite institucije.
Six of them were based on the level of corruption. 
Njih šest temeljilo se i na razini korupcije.
xii Latvia is an exception; the level of grey economy is estimated at 39.6%. 
xu Izuzetak je Latvija, u kojoj je udio sive ekonomije procijenjen na 39,6%.
xiii Twinning programmes enable the exchange of know-how between experts in the specific area in the recipient country and the EU member country. 
xm Program twinninga omogućuje razmjenu znanja između stručnjaka specifičnog područja iz države primateljice pomoći i država članica EU-a.
This assistance instrument was developed in PHARE for the development of the institutional capacity of candidates in the pre-accession period, and is also applied in the framework of the CARDS programme. 
Taj je instrument pomoći razvijen u sklopu PHARE programa za razvoj institucionalne sposobnosti kandidata u pretpristupnom razdoblju, a primjenjuje se i u sklopu CARDS programa.
xiv This example also indicates the overlapping of indicators of public administration performance - for example, of the implementation of accepted principles as general requirement for individual demand for adjustment to the given areas of the acquis. 
xiv Ujedno, taj primjer pokazuje preklapanje pokazatelja učinkovitosti javne uprave, primjerice provedbe prihvaćenih načela kao općenitog zahtjeva s pojedinačnim zahtjevom za usklađivanjem na pojedinim područjima acquisa.
xv For example, the Energy Law provided for the Ministry adopting the necessary sublaws in a period of 6 months, and that the operators in the energy field should obtain their licenses for carrying out their activity. 
xv Primjerice, Zakon o energiji predvidio je da Ministarstvo donese potrebne podzakonske propise u roku šest mjeseci, te da energetski subjekti dobiju dozvole za obavljanje djelatnosti.
However, the Economics Ministry did not adopt any detailed regulations, and reform was not carried out. 
Međutim, Ministarstvo gospodarstva nije donijelo provedbene propise i reforma nije provedena.
The only effect of the passing of this law was to increase legal uncertainty, because the laws that were passed were never put into effect. 
Jedini učinak donošenja zakona jest povećanje pravne nesigurnosti jer doneseni zakoni nisu provedeni.
CONSUMER PROTECTION IN THE PROCESS OF EUROPEAN UNION ENLARGEMENT: CHALLENGES FOR CROATIA 
ZAŠTITA POTROŠAČA U PROCESU PROŠIRENJA EUROPSKE UNIJE: IZAZOVI ZA HRVATSKU
This paper gives an overview of three important aspects of consumer protection in the process of adjustment to the standards and norms of the European Union (EU): aspects concerning legislation and implementation, and, last but not least, the aspect of consumer representation. 
Tekst daje pregled triju važnih aspekata razvoja zaštite potrošača u procesu prilagodbe standardima i normama Europske unije (EU): zakonodavnog aspekta, aspekata provedbe zaštite i aspekta zastupanja potrošača.
On the basis of experiences of accession countries (Hungary, Slovakia and Bulgaria) in their alignment with European Community (EC) consumer protection, this paper recalls the initial lack of any reliable tradition, also pointing out, however, the significant results made in this sector in the future Member States of the European Union. 
Na temelju iskustava pristupnih država (Mađarske, Slovačke i Bugarske) u prilagodbi zaštiti potrošača Europske zajednice, ovaj rad podsjeća na inicijalne nedostatke, ali i na značajne rezultate postignute u sektoru zaštite potrošača u budućim članicama EU-a.
The main rationale is that, like in most of the accession and candidate countries, the law on consumer protection in Croatia represents only the starting point in the achievement of high standards of protection of consumer health and safety. 
Osnovna je postavka da je, kao i u bilo kojoj drugoj pristupnoj državi, Zakon o zaštiti potrošača u Hrvatskoj tek početak procesa razvoja visokih standarda zaštite prava i interesa potrošača.
consumer protection, consumer policy, Croatia, accession countries, Stabilisation and Association Agreement, European Union, the acquis 
zaštita potrošača, politika zaštite potrošača, Hrvatska, pristupne države, Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju, acquis, Europska unija
Harmonisation with consumer protection rules constitutes one of the conditions for the elimination of market barriers and for market integration that includes the circulation of goods and services with the same standards of safety and quality. 
Prilagodba pravilima zaštite potrošača jedan je od uvjeta za uklanjanje tržišnih zapreka i integraciju tržišta s proizvodima i uslugama jednakih standarda sigurnosti i kvalitete.
In addition, the right of consumers to protection today represents one of the fundamental civic rights. 
K tomu, pravo potrošača na zaštitu danas je jedno od temeljnih ljudskih prava.