natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
After a great fall in the number of reported vacancies (which in some years of the 1980s came to more than 230,000iv, and during the 1990s no more than 130,000, with the lowest level being attained in 1991 - about 79,000) in 2001 a considerable rise in the number of reported vacancies was recorded, and it came to 203,000. 
Nakon velikog pada broja prijavljenih potreba za radnicima (koji je u pojedinim godinama tijekom 1980-ih iznosio i više od 230 000iv, a tijekom 1990-ih tek oko 130 000, uz najnižu razinu u 1991. godini oko 79 000) u 2001. godini zabilježen je znatan porast broja prijavljenih potreba te je taj broj iznosio 203 000.
The increase in the number of available vacancies did not lead to a reduction in the number of unemployed (the number had grown to 395,000 by the end of 2001), but the rise in the growth of unemployment was slowed down; thus the annual rise of 11% seen in 2000 was almost halved in 2001, when it came to 6%. 
Povećanje broja prijavljenih po treba za radnicima nije pridonijelo smanjivanju broja nezaposlenih (njihov je broj krajem 2001. godine narastao već na 395 000), ali je usporen porast nezaposlenosti tako da je godišnji porast od 11% u 2000. godini gotovo prepolovljen pa je u 2001. godini iznosio 6%.
The number of unemployed according to ILO criteria is lower than the number of registered unemployed, because the criteria are more stringent than those for the monitoring of registered employment. 
Broj nezaposlenih prema kriterijima MOR-a manji je od broja evidentiranih nezaposlenih jer su ti kriteriji stroži od kriterija praćenja registrirane zaposlenosti.
Hence this research shows a considerably larger number of employed and a smaller number of unemployed. 
Stoga takvo istraživanje pokazuje znatno veći broj zaposlenih te manji broj nezaposlenih osoba.
For this reason there is a difference in the rate of unemployment in these two sources of more than 5%, unemployment in 2000 according to the CES coming to 21% and according to the LFS to 16%. 
Stoga se očitujerazlika u stopi nezaposlenosti između ta dva izvora za više od 5%, pri čemu je nezaposlenost u 2000. godini prema HZZ-u iznosila 21%, a prema ARS-u 16%.
According to civil service records, more than a fifth of the active population was unemployed, while the LFS suggests a smaller problem, because the average number of unemployed in this system of measurement was smaller by almost 80,000. 
Prema administrativnoj evidenciji, nezaposleno je bilo više od petine aktivnoga stanovništva, dok ARS upućuje na manji problem jer je prosječan broj nezaposlenih bio manji za gotovo 80 000 osoba.
v Approximately since the beginning of 1999, the differences between registered unemployment and the figures from the LFS have been shrinking, since unemployment according to ILO criteria has been rising dynamically. 
v Približno se od početka 1999. godine smanjuje razlika između podataka o evidentiranoj nezaposlenosti i onih iz ARS-a jer nezaposlenost prema kriterijima MOR-a bilježi dinamičniji porast.
The LFS unemployment level of 16% is not unusual in the transitional countries. 
Navedena razina nezaposlenosti od 16% prema ARS-u nije bila neuobičajena u tranzicijskim zemljama.
The highest rates of unemployment have been recorded in Slovakia and Bulgaria, 19%, while in Poland the rate came to 17%. 
Najviše stope nezaposlenosti od 19% imale su Slovačka i Bugarska, dok je u Poljskoj stopa iznosila 17%.
Not only is there a high level, but unemployment in the Republic of Croatia is characterised by an average long period of waiting for employment. 
Osim tako visoke razine, nezaposlenost u RH obilježava prosječno dugo razdoblje čekanja zaposlenja.
Half of the unemployed wait for a job for more than a year, and as many as about 30% are unemployed for longer than two years. 
Naime, polovica nezaposlenih čeka posao više od godinu dana, a približno čak 30% nezaposleno je dulje od dvije godine.
While in 1991 9% of the unemployed waited for more than three years, in 2000, on average more than a fifth of all unemployed waited this long for a job. 
Dok je 1991. godine 9% nezaposlenih prosječno čekalo zaposlenje više od tri godine, u 2000. godini posao je jednako dugo čekalo više od petine nezaposlenih.
More than half of the unemployed in the Republic of Croatia waited over a year for a job. 
Više od polovice nezaposlenih u RH čekalo je zaposlenje dulje od godine dana.
Important features of the alleviation of poverty during periods of unemployment are the existence, duration and amount of benefits and other rights for the unemployed, which the EU has clearly made a condition for future and current member countries. 
Važna odrednica ublažavanja siromaštva za vrijeme nezaposlenosti jest postojanje, trajanje i iznos novčanih naknada i drugih prava za nezaposlene, što EU jasno postavlja kao uvjet sadašnjim i budućim članicama.
Material security consists of the right to financial benefit and assistance, rights to reimbursement of costs during training, the right to travel and moving costs, and the right to health and pensions insurance. 
Materijalno osiguranje sastoji se od prava na novčanu naknadu i pomoć, prava na naknadu troškova za vrijeme obrazovanja, prava na naknadu putnih i selidbenih troškova te prava na mirovinsko i zdravstveno osiguranje.
The unemployed can also claim other rights, such as social assistance (maintenance assistance, housing costs assistance, various one-off forms of assistance); exemption from the payment of participation in health care; child benefit; tax relief; exemption from payment of court fees; extended pensions insurance; rented housing; free school books and school meals; subsidy for part of the costs at kindergartens, and other things. 
Nezaposleni ostvaruju i druga prava, poput socijalne pomoći (pomoć za uzdržavanje, pomoć u plaćanju troškova stanovanja, svi oblici jednokratne pomoći); oslobođenje od plaćanja participacije u zdravstvu; doplatak za djecu; poreznih olakšica; oslobođenja od plaćanja sudskih pristojbi; produljeno mirovinsko osiguranje; dobivanje stana u najam; besplatne školske knjige te prehrana u školi; subvencije plaćanja dijela troškova u vrtiću i dr.
Although unemployment benefit is small in absolute terms (from 741.40 to 900 kuna p.m.) and does not last very long (from 78 to 312 days), which is shorter than the average in other countries, the amount given does have a ratio to the average salary similar to that obtaining in the developed industrial countries. 
Iako je novčana naknada za vrijeme nezaposlenosti malena u apsolutnom iznosu (od 741,40 do 900 kn) i trajanju (od 78 do 312 dana), a to je u prosjeku kraće nego u drugim zemljama, navedeni odnos prema prosječnoj plaći odgovara udjelu što ga novčana naknada ima u razvijenim industrijskim zemljama.
We can say that the system of monetary benefits in the Republic of Croatia does provide its clients a certain protection, however limited by the capacities of the country, and at the same time does not create disincentives with respect to active job-seeking. 
Možemo procijeniti da sustav novčanih naknada u RH pruža korisnicima određenu, mogućnostima društva ograničenu zaštitu i zbog skromnog iznosa ne destimulira aktivno traženje zaposlenja.
If the amount of the benefit were much bigger, this would be likely to create negative motivation for job-seeking and thus promote the unemployment trap. 
Ako bi iznos novčane naknade bio znatno viši, to bi moglo stvoriti negativnu motivaciju za traženje zaposlenja i time potaknuti “stupicu nezaposlenosti”.
Irrespective of the considerable differences in the data about employment and unemployment, unemployment is a burning social and political topic in the Republic of Croatia; apart from there being a large number of unemployed, the long period people have to wait for a job is also a cause for concern. 
Bez obzira na značajne razlike u podacima o zaposlenosti i nezaposlenosti, nezaposlenost je goruća društvena i politička tema u RH, s tim da osim velikog broja nezaposlenih, posebno zabrinjava i dugo čekanje na zaposlenje.
MEASURES FOR REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN CROATIA 
MJERE I NAČINI SMANJENJA NEZAPOSLENOSTI U RH
As a result of this programme, the Croatian Employment Service (CES) developed a series of active labour market measures, among which were: incentives for self-employment, loans for small and medium firms and public works. 
Slijedom tog programa, Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje (HZZ) razvio je niz mjera aktivne politike tržišta rada, među kojima su: poticanje samozapošljavanja, krediti malim i srednjim tvrtkama te javni radovi.
Some of the measures were directed towards speeding up the hiring of young and highly qualified persons with the co-financing of at least 60% of gross pay for the first year and an undefined period subsequently. 
Neke od mjera usmjerene su na pospješivanje zapošljavanja mladih i visokoobrazovanih ljudi sufinanciranjem najmanje 60% bruto plaće za prvu godinu i s neodređenim razdobljem nakon toga.
At the same time, for any people with degree-level education taken on, an employer would receive a grant of 1,000 euros if the employment was extended for more than a year and became permanent. 
Ujedno, poslodavac za osobe s visokim obrazovanjem dobiva subvenciju od 1 000 eura ako se radni odnos produlji na više od godine dana i postane stalan.
Such incentives are a considerable advance on the common bureaucratic provision of agency services in hiring, and mean a shift directed at users, and are better adjusted with the contemporary activities of the state such as giving monetary benefits, social services and regional development. 
Takvi su poticaji sigurno značajan odmak od uobičajenoga birokratskog pružanja usluga u posredovanju pri zapošljavanju, te znače pomak usmjeren na korisnika i znatno usklađeniji sa suvremenim djelatnostima države poput odobravanja novčanih naknada, socijalnih usluga i regionalnog razvoja.
Still, there is some uncertainty whether these measures for the hiring of the young and the well educated are well targeted, for they do after all have above-average advantages in finding jobs. 
Ipak, postoje određene sumnje u to jesu li mjere za zapošljavanje mladih i visokoobrazovanih ljudi dobro ciljane jer oni ipak imaju natprosječne vjerojatnosti u nalaženju posla.
As for other measures, one can mention the need to bring the Programme for the Encouragement of Self-Employment on stream, the aim of which is to bring unreported economic activities determined to be the main source of income for a considerable number of registered unemployed within the law. 
Od ostalih mjera može se navesti potreba oživljavanja Programa za poticanje samozapošljavanja čiji je cilj ozakonjivanje neprijavljene ekonomske djelatnosti za koju je utvrđeno da je glavni izvor dohotka znatnog broja evidentiranih nezaposlenih osoba.
It is true that the Labour Act does stipulate the protection of the more weakly represented gender, but the experience and attitude of social partners show that the existing regulation is inappropriate and does not produce any effects. 
Istina, Zakon o radu regulira zaštitu slabije zastupljenog spola, no iskustva i stav socijalnih partnera pokazuju da je postojeća regulacija neprikladna te ostaje bez rezultata.
At the same time, the integration of all categories of worker that are hard to activate on the labour market should be encouraged. 
Ujedno, trebalo bi poticati integracije svih kategorija radnika koje se teško aktiviraju na tržištu rada.
There have been many awkward or not properly adjusted approaches in social and labour legislation. 
U radnom i socijalnom zakonodavstvu bilo je i mnogo nespretnih (ili neusklađenih) rješenja.
Until the adoption of recent regulations (The Rights of Croatian Veterans of the Homeland War and Their Families Law, NN, 94/01), disabled veterans of the Homeland War had no incentive to work because a Croatian veteran as unemployed disabled person received 100% of the wage of active members of the armed forces. 
Na primjer, do donošenja novih propisa (Zakona o pravima hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata i članova njihovih obitelji, NN 94/01) invalidi Domovinskog rata nisu bili stimulirani za rad jer je hrvatski branitelj kao nezaposleni invalid primao 100%-tnu plaću pripadnika djelatnog sustava HV-a, a kao zaposleni invalid samo razliku između plaće koju je ostvario radeći i plaće pripadnika djelatnog sustava HV-a.
In this way, an employed invalid of the War had the same rights as those who were unemployed (Office for Social Partnership in the Republic of Croatia, 2002b). 
Na taj je način zaposleni invalid Domovinskog rata ostvario ista prava kao i nezaposleni (Ured za socijalno partnerstvo u RH, 2002b).
Croatia has witnessed the phenomenon of the simultaneous rise in wages and a fall in the rate of employment (or a rise in unemployment), which is indirect evidence of the rigidity of the labour market. 
U Hrvatskoj je zabilježena pojava istodobnog porasta plaća i smanjivanja zaposlenosti (odnosno porasta nezaposlenosti), što je jedan od neizravnih dokaza rigidnosti tržišta rada.
Such trends are characteristic of states in which the legislation provides a high degree of protection for the employed, thus making competition in the labour market impossible. 
Takva su kretanja svojstvena državama u kojima zakonodavstvo u visokom stupnju štiti postojeća zaposlenja, čime se onemogućuje konkurencija na tržištu rada.
The rigidity of the labour market can be seen in the long, complex and expensive system involved in dismissals (including the cancellation of the employment contract, the legally set notice period and amount of severance pay). 
Rigidnost tržišta rada očituje se u složenome, dugotrajnome i skupom sustavu otpuštanja radnika (što prije svega obuhvaća otkazivanje ugovora o radu, zakonski utvrđeni otkazni rok i visinu otpremnine).
This makes turnover in the labour force much more expensive, and the high level of protection for employment reduces the flows in the labour market, and lengthens the average duration of employment™. 
Time se poskupljuje obrtaj radne snage, a visoka razina zaštite zaposlenja smanjuje tokove na tržištu rada, odnosno produljuje prosječno trajanje zaposlenjavii.
The reason for this is that the complex and expensive laying-off process means that the employer will not take on workers if he does not really believe that their work will be long-lasting and productive enough to cover the high costs incurred (Bertola et al., 2001). 
Razlog je to što složeno i skupo otpuštanje potiče poslodavca da ne zapošljava radnike ako ne vjeruje da će njihov rad biti dovoljno trajan i produktivan da može pokriti tako nastale visoke troškove (Bertola i sur.,
Also for the sake of making severance easier, most newly-employed workers (almost 80%) are taken on for fixed-time contracts, this kind of work thus becoming the rule and not the exception; it is used, without any control at all, in a way completely opposite to the intention of the regulations of the Labour Act, which is a further proof of the rigidity of the regulation of labour relationships. 
Jednako se tako radi jednostavnijeg prekida rada većina novozaposlenih radnika (gotovo 80%) zapošljava u radnom odnosu na određeno vrijeme, čime taj rad postaje pravilo, a ne iznimka, a koristi se, posve nekontrolirano, suprotno smislu regulacije Zakona o radu, što je daljnji dokaz rigidnosti regulacije radnih odnosa.
In addition, in connection with labour market rigidity, it is also worth mentioning problems related to claims of rights arising from labour relations, which is a result not only of the regulation of these relationships, but the problem of the clogged and inefficient judiciary. 
Nadalje, u vezi s rigidnošću tržišta rada valja spomenuti i probleme vezane za ostvarivanje prava koja proizlaze iz radnih odnosa, što je rezultat ne samo regulacije radnih odnosa, već i problem nedovoljne učinkovitosti i zagušenosti pravosudnog sustava.
In line with the Programme for employment stimulation, the Republic of Croatia is carrying out several active hiring policy measures while the rigidity of the labour legislation acts as a brake, tending to work against further employment. 
U skladu s Programom poticanja zapošljavanja, RH na tržištu rada provodi više mjera aktivne politike zapošljavanja, a kočnica većem zapošljavanju vjerojatno je rigidnost radnog zakonodavstva.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE LABOUR MARKET IN CROATIA 
MOGUĆA RJEŠENJA ZA POBOLJŠANJE TRŽIŠTA RADA U RH
Apart from on a better convergence of labour supply and demand, the focus should be on making labour relationships cheaper and more flexible, in order to increase the likelihood that more labour will be taken on. 
Osim boljeg usklađivanja ponude i potražnje rada, težište treba usmjeriti na pojeftinjenje i fleksibilizaciju radnih odnosa kako bi se povećale mogućnosti zapošljavanja.
It is not necessary rashly and in a hit-or-miss manner to deregulate the employment and work relationships system, rather to attempt to find the optimum ratio between the desired labour market flexibility and the required social protection. 
Nije potrebno nasumično i brzopleto deregulirati sustav zapošljavanja i radnih odnosa, već treba nastojati naći optimalan odnos željene fleksibilnosti tržišta rada i potrebne socijalne zaštite.
Flexibility need not be thought up in such a way as to undermine the standards of labour law, but as an expansion of the far-reaching consequences of the regulatory matter of labour and social law. 
Fleksibilnost pritom ne treba biti osmišljena kao podrivanje standarda radnog prava, već kao širenje dalekosežnih posljedica regulative radnoga i socijalnog prava.
The point of making employment relations cheaper and more flexible is seen in getting labour and social (establishing medical and retirement insurance) legislation to work in the same direction and in harmony, and in the procedures for the handling of labour conflicts. 
Smisao pojeftinjenja i fleksibilizacije radnih odnosa vidimo u usklađenosti i istosmjernosti radnoga i socijalnog zakonodavstva (utvrđivanja zdravstvenoga i mirovinskog osiguranja), te postupcima rješavanja radnih sporova.
For the sake of the improvement of employability and the reduction of unemployment in the Republic of Croatia, it is necessary to carry out a review of the entirety of the labour and social legislation and make changes wherever necessary. 
Radi poboljšanja zapošljivosti i smanjivanja nezaposlenosti u RH, potrebno je provesti reviziju i, prema potrebi, promjenu cjelokupnoga radnog i socijalnog zakonodavstva.
This implies reconsidering all existing forms of contractual relations, which will not be an easy task. 
To podrazumijeva preispitivanja svih postojećih oblike ugovornih odnosaviii, što sigurno nije laka zadaća.
For while in the area of labour relations there is a fair amount of stability in the legislation, social insurance and social rights are very much subject to being politicised, and there are thus frequent amendments to laws and byelaws, and there is considerable resistance to the reduction of any social rights. 
Naime, dok u području radnih odnosa i postoji relativna trajnost legislative, socijalno osiguranje i socijalna prava uvelike su podložna politiziranju, tako da su objekt čestih izmjena i dopuna zakona i podzakonske regulacije, a znatni su i otpori pri smanjivanju socijalnih prava.
For the sake of reducing tax pressure, and the broadening of the tax base and the cheapening of labour - which are conditions for greater employment - it is necessary to bring as many as possible of the economic activities of the working population within the limits of labour legislation, and to carry out the legalisation of those activities of the grey or underground economy which should be brought within the fold of the law. 
Radi smanjenja poreznog pritiska, proširivanja porezne osnovice i pojeftinjenja rada - što su preduvjeti za veće zapošljavanje - potrebno je što više ekonomskih aktivnosti stanovništva uklopiti u granice radnog zakonodavstva te provesti ozakonjenje onih djelatnosti neslužbenoga gospodarstva (sive ekonomije) koje bi se trebale legalizirati.
Activities related to professional orientation, whole-life education and qualification, professional development and the increase of the total stock of knowledge in society ought to be enhanced, and this will increase the adaptability of the labour force and make it more capable of adapting to the requirements of the labour market. 
Potrebno je pojačati djelatnosti profesionalnog usmjeravanja, cjeloživotnog obrazovanja i osposobljavanja, profesionalnog razvoja i povećanje ukupnog fonda znanja u društvu, čime će se povećati adaptabilnost radne snage i bolje se prilagoditi potrebama na tržištu rada.
Active labour market policy measures must be more strongly directed to persons between 15 and 24, among whom the rates of unemployment are the highest (and in this group, the return from investment in human resources is probably the highest), with the emphasis on training and further qualifications. 
Mjere aktivne politike zapošljavanja jače usmjeriti na osobe u dobi između 15. i 24. godine među kojima su stope nezaposlenosti najviše (a u toj je skupini vjerojatno najveći i povrat od ulaganja u ljudski kapital), s naglaskom na obuku i prekvalifikaciju.
Training programmes should to the highest measure possible be matched with the demand for given occupations and capacities that will be sought in the future, that is, the emphasis should be placed on qualifying for a known employer. 
Programi obrazovanja u najvećoj mjeri trebaju biti usklađeni s potražnjom pojedinih zanimanja i sposobnosti koja će se tražiti u budućnosti, odnosno težište treba biti na osposobljavanju za poznatog poslodavca.
The labour market must be monitored all the time, and measures to ensure men and women equal opportunities and responsibilities undertaken, in addition to measures to facilitate the position and return to the labour market of men and women who have family obligations. 
Potrebno je stalno pratiti tržište rada i poduzimati mjere koje će muškarcima i ženama osigurati jednake prilike i odgovornosti, te provoditi mjere koje će olakšati položaj i povratak na tržište rada radnicima/cama s obiteljskim obvezama.
At the micro-level of the company, for the sake of the improvement of productivity and the increase of employability, use should certainly be made of the potentials of the workers' representatives in the workers' councils, while at the macro-level the real possibilities of the agreements of the social partners need respecting. 
Na mikrorazini poduzeća, radi poboljšanja proizvodnosti i povećanja zapošljivosti, trebalo bi iskoristiti potencijale predstavnika radnika putem radničkih vijeća, dok bi na makro-razini trebalo poštovati realne mogućnosti dogovora socijalnih partnera.
Collective negotiations and agreements of employers and workers' councils should be looked at within the context of sustainable economic growth, and not only as a means for protecting the interests of those currently employed. 
Kolektivne pregovore i dogovore poslodavca s radničkim vijećima treba promatrati u sklopu održivoga ekonomskog rasta, a ne samo kao sredstvo zaštite trenutačno zaposlenih.
Long term planning of the activities of social partners could be brought in as a supplement to collective negotiations, in which the emphasis should increasingly be laid upon negotiating at the level of whole industries. 
Kao dopunu kolektivnim pregovorima, u kojima bi se naglasak sve više trebao stavljati na gransko pregovaranje, moglo bi se uvesti dugoročnije planiranje djelatnosti socijalnih partnera.
It is important to redefine the system of the programme for looking after redundant labour, which, supplementing the agreements of the social partners, would be ensured by the earlier involvement of the CES in the advisory process during the drawing up of the programmes for taking care of redundancies. 
Važno je redefinirati sustav programa za zbrinjavanje viška radnika, koji bi osim dogovora socijalnih partnera osiguravao ranije i aktivnije uključivanje HZZ-a u postupak savjetovanja pri izradi prijedloga programa zbrinjavanja viška radnika.
This could be in line with the EC 98/59 guideline. 
To bi moglo biti u skladu sa smjernicom EC 98/59.