natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For the sake of a satisfactory implementation of the SAA, Croatia ought by the end of 2002 to have set up an independent agency for state aid, and an agency for the protection of market competition should have been expanded and be able to control mergers. 
Hrvatska bi, radi zadovoljavajuće provedbe SSP-a, do kraja 2002. godine morala osnovati neovisnu agenciju za državne potpore, a Agencija za zaštitu tržišnog natjecanja morala bi se proširiti i kontrolirati spajanja.
Preparation for integration into the internal market 
Prilagodbe pristupu unutarnjem tržištu
Since through the Europe Agreements the applicants set up free trade zones with the EU, further liberalisation measures mainly relate to integration into the single European market. 
Budući da kandidati europskim sporazumima uspostavljaju zone slobodne trgovine s EU, daljnje se mjere liberalizacije ponajprije odnose na integraciju u jedinstveno europsko tržište.
Future measures will relate to the abolition of border non-tariff barriers: physical, technical and fiscal. 
Buduće se mjere odnose na uklanjanje graničnih necarinskih barijera: fizičkih, tehničkih i fiskalnih.
The further integration of candidates takes for granted the adjustment of economic policy with that of the current member states and the acceptance of the standards and rules of the Union (the acquis). 
Daljnja integracija kandidata podrazumijeva usklađivanje gospodarske politike sa sadašnjim državama članicama te prihvaćanje normi i pravila Unije (acquis).
Gradual adoption of EU legislation in the area of standardisation, metering, certification and accreditation is an obligation that Croatia took upon itself by signing the SAA. 
Postupno usvajanje zakonodavstva EU na području standardizacije, mjeriteljstva i akreditacije obveza je koju je Hrvatska preuzela potpisivanjem SSP-a.
The State Bureau for Standardisation and Metering, in cooperation with the Ministry for European Integration and the Legislation Office, is drawing up a national strategy for the adoption of the technical legislation, while the application of standards is not obligatory. 
Državni zavod za normizaciju i mjeriteljstvo s Ministarstvom za europske integracije i Uredom za zakonodavstvo razrađuje nacionalnu strategiju usklađivanja tehničkog zakonodavstva, a primjena standarda nije obvezna.
It took Austria, Sweden and Denmark three years before joining the EU to adopt measures of this kind (Baldwin; Francois, Portes, 1997). 
Za usvajanje takvih mjera Austriji, Švedskoj i Danskoj prije pristupanja EU bile su potrebne tri godine (Baldwin; Francois, Portes, 1997).
EU trade policy 
Trgovinska politika EU
The current common trade policy of the Union is mostly beyond the control of the member states (although the effects of the policy have of course a direct effect on their economies). 
Sadašnja zajednička trgovinska politika Unije najvećim je dijelom izvan kontrole vlada zemalja članica (premda se učinci politike dakako osjete izravno u njihovim ekonomijama)xiv.
™ Following the principle of creating “an open market economy with free market competition” the policy has a different effect on the member economies with different economic structures and various degrees of dependence on trade with the world (for more detail, cf. Messerlin, 2001). 
Slijedeći načelo ostvarivanja “otvorene tržišne ekonomije sa slobodnim tržišnim natjecanjem”, politika ima drugačiji utjecaj na ekonomije članica s različitom privrednom strukturom i različitim stupnjem ovisnosti o razmjeni sa svijetom (v. detaljnije u: Messerlin, 2001).
The common trade policy can be analysed from several aspects: the level of protection that is afforded to member states, its use for the purposes of other Union policies (agriculture, industry, development, competition, foreign policy), the preferential nature of the policy and so on. 
Zajednička trgovinska politika može se analizirati s nekoliko aspekata: razine zaštite koju pruža zemljama članicama, korištenja u svrhe ostalih politika Unije (npr. poljoprivredne, industrijske, razvojne, konkurentske, vanjske politike), preferencijalnog karaktera politike i sl.
Although all aspects of trade policy are very important for applicant states, here we shall deal only with the nature of trade policy towards non-member countries as well as with the possibility that applicant countries make an impact on adjustment of this regime to meet their goals and strategies in the current round of negotiations within the WTO. 
Iako su za zemlje kandidatkinje svi aspekti trgovinske politike vrlo važni, ovdje ćemo se pozabaviti samo karakterom trgovinske politike prema zemljama nečlanicama te mogućnošću utjecaja zemalja kandidatkinja na prilagodu tog režima njihovim ciljevima i strategijama u sadašnjem krugu pregovora u sklopu WTO-a.
The widely-popularised characteristic of Union trade policy is dependence on discriminatory or preferential trade agreements that started to develop as early as the Treaty of Rome. 
Široko popularizirano obilježje trgovinske politike Unije jest ovisnost o diskriminirajućim odnosno preferencijalnim trgovinskim sporazumima koja se počela razvijati već od Rimskog sporazuma.
A particular feature of these agreements is their differentiated levels of preference, which has become known as the trade preferences pyramid. 
Posebnost tih sporazuma njihova je diversificiranost na razini povlastica koja je postala poznata pod nazivom “piramida trgovinskih preferencija”.
At the same time, the character of the regime was changed, and no longer had dominantly non-reciprocal preferences but instead it had dominantly reciprocal preferences (except for the least developed countries - with no time limit, and for ACP starting in 2008 with a 12 year transition period) consistent with WTO rules.xvi 
Usto, karakter režima promijenjen je s dominantno nerecipročnih povlastica na recipročne povlastice (osim za najmanje razvijene države - trajno, te ACP s početkom u 2008. s 12-godišnjim razdobljem tranzicije) konzistentne s WTO pravilima.xvi
Notwithstanding the “promotion” in their trade status, the candidate countries are faced with very high costs (related to the static effects of liberalisation on the creation and diversion of trade) for two reasons. 
Bez obzira na “promociju” u trgovinskom statusu, zemlje kandidatkinje suočene su s visokim troškovima (vezanim za statičke učinke liberalizacije na stvaranje i skretanje trgovine) zbog dvaju razloga.
Firstly, the real improvement in preferential treatment (difference between the MFN customs rate and the 0% rate) is not particularly important, because a large number of such countries already had a relatively free approach to the EU market for non-sensitive products. 
Prvo, stvarno poboljšanje u preferencijalnom tretmanu (razlika između MFN carinske stope i stope od 0%) i nije osobito važno jer je velik broj tih zemalja i prije imao relativno slobodan pristup europskom tržištu za neosjetljive proizvode.
One exception, of course, is textile products and clothing, which for six central European countries have since 1997/987 been exempt from customs and quotas. 
Iznimka su, dakako, tekstilni proizvodi i odjeća koji su za šest srednjoeuropskih zemalja od 1997/98. oslobođeni carina i kvantitativnih ograničenja.
Candidates, that is, have reduced trade barriers against EU member states (and against other candidates in their trade with each other) but have often compensated for this by increasing the level of protection vis-a-vis countries that are not members of the EU. 
Kandidati su, naime, smanjili trgovinske barijere prema zemljama članicama EU (i u međusobnoj trgovini s ostalim kandidatima), ali su to često kompenzirale povećanjem razine zaštite u odnosu prema zemljama nečlanicama EU.
Since the likelihood of the trade diversion effect is thus increased, this approach to liberalisation does clearly not have to have a positive effect on the welfare of the candidates. 
Kako se time povećava vjerojatnost učinka skretanja trgovine, jasno je da takva liberalizacija ne mora bezuvjetno pozitivno djelovati na blagostanje kandidata.xviii
For this reason it is in the interest of the current members to make sure that new agreements within the WTO include provisions which assure the accomplishment of their objectives in the future, provisions that do not necessarily suit the candidates. 
Stoga je u interesu sadašnjih članica da u nove sporazume unutar WTO-a unesu odredbe koje osiguravaju ostvarenje njihovih ciljeva u budućnosti, a koje možda ne odgovaraju kandidatima.
For this reason one has to consider how much does the stance of the candidates with respect to multilateralism and the functioning of the WTO coincide with that of the EU. 
Stoga treba razmotriti koliko se stav kandidata u odnosu prema multilateralizmu i funkcioniranju WTO-a podudara sa stavom EU.
If the degree of concurrence is not great, to what extent can the candidates have an impact on the modification of the European position? 
Ako stupanj podudaranja nije visok, u kojem opsegu kandidati mogu utjecati na modificiranje europskog stajališta?
An EU delegation went to the ministerial meeting in Doha (November 2001) with clearly delineated objectives for the new round of negotiations within the WTO. 
Delegacija EU otišla je na Ministarski sastanak u Dohu (studeni 2001) s jasno zacrtanim ciljevima za novi krug pregovora u sklopu WTO-a.
These, put most concisely, include (cf. European Commission, 2000) further liberalisation of and access to the market for goods and services not relying on a sectoral approach, improvement of WTO rules by the inclusion of new areas such as investment, competition and advancement of trade, promotion of sustainable development and the more direct regulation of matters that arouse public interest, such as the effect of trade on the environment. 
Oni, najkraće rečeno, obuhvaćaju (cf. EC, 2000) daljnju liberalizaciju i pristup tržištu roba i usluga ne oslanjajući se na sektorski pristup, unapređenje pravila WTO-a uključivanjem novih područja kao što su investicije, konkurencija i unapređenje trgovine, promoviranje održivog razvoja, te neposrednije reguliranje pitanja koji izazivaju javni interes kao što je učinak trgovine na okruženje.
Unlike the EU, the candidate countries (including Croatia) did not have in Doha any formal common position (except informally, e.g., CEFTA plus). 
Nasuprot EU, zemlje kandidatkinje (uključujući i Hrvatsku) u Dohi nisu imale formalnu zajedničku poziciju (osim neformalno, npr. CEFTA plus).
From the published positions of each individual country (www.wto.org) it would appear that their goals in the new round of negotiations are close to EU objectives. 
Iz objavljenih stavova (www.wto.org) svake pojedine zemlje proizlazi da su njihovi ciljevi o novom krugu pridruživanja bliski ciljevima EU.
Taking into account the very different levels of development and of economic structures of the candidates as compared to the EU mean, this relative overlap of goals shows that the candidates are not ready, or are not powerful enough, to initiate questions in a multilateral forum that are in their interests and might be against the stated aims of the EU (for instance, in the area of investment, TRIPS and so on).xix From a review of the trade policies of the candidates, it would seem that they are trying to replicate EU trade policy not only in the area of protective instruments but also in forming bilateral preferential arrangements (as against relying on multilateral liberalisation). 
Uzimajući u obzir vrlo različite stupnjeve razvijenosti i ekonomske strukture kandidata s obzirom na prosjek EU, to relativno podudaranje ciljeva pokazuje da kandidati nisu spremni (ili nisu dovoljno snažni) pokrenuti pitanja u multilateralnom forumu koja su u njihovu interesu a mogla bi biti u suprotnosti s iskazanim ciljevima EU (npr. na području investicija, Trade Related Intelectual Property Rights, TRIPs-a i sl.).xix Iz pregleda trgovinskih politika zemalja kandidatkinja čini se da one pokušavaju replicirati trgovinsku politiku EU (ne samo na području instrumenata zaštite) već i u izgradnji bilateralnih preferencijalnih aranžmana (nasuprot ovisnosti o multilateralnoj liberalizaciji).
The level of protection, though, is not in agreement with the EU level (although similar, they are on average very different for individual groups of products). 
Razina zaštite, pak, nije usuglašena s razinom EU (iako slične, one se u prosjeku znatno razlikuju u pojedinim grupama proizvoda).
When the level of protection in the candidate country is higher than in the EU, a good strategy in this round of negotiations would be to approximate to a lower EU level. 
Kada je razina zaštite u zemlji kandidatkinji viša nego u EU, dobra bi strategija u tom krugu pregovora bila približiti se nižoj razini EU.
If the candidate already has protection equal to or lower than the EU, the question arises of whether the candidates can “force” the EU, while negotiation the accession, to come down to their level of protection, or leave it the option of paying compensation to WTO members when acceding candidates will have to adopt the higher level of the EU protection. 
Ako kandidat već ima jednaku ili nižu zaštitu od EU, otvara se pitanje mogu li kandidati pregovorima “prisiliti” EU da se spusti na njihovu razinu zaštite ili će joj prepustiti opciju davanja kompenzacije člancima WTO-a kada pri pristupu kandidati usvoje višu zaštitu EU?
CHALLENGES IN ADJUSTMENT TO THE EU 
IZAZOVI U PRILAGODBAMA EU
The preceding analysis leads to the conclusion that Croatia is slower than the other applicants in carrying out reforms necessary for accession to the EU. 
Prethodna analiza upućuje na zaključak da je Hrvatska sporija od ostalih kandidata u provođenju reformi nužnih za pristup EU.
From this analysis it also derives that the EU is a “natural” market for Croatia and that it, like the candidates, is not willing at the moment to carry out any particularly different trade policy than that being run by the EU. 
Iz analize također proizlazi da je EU “prirodno” tržište za Hrvatsku te da ona, slično kandidatima, nije voljna trenutačno provoditi posebno drugačiju trgovinsku politiku od one koju vodi EU.
For this reason we shall identify the factors that might positively or negatively affect the further convergence of Croatia to the EU. 
Stoga identificiramo činitelje koji mogu pozitivno ili negativno utjecati na daljnje približavanje Hrvatske EU.
The imminent process of EU enlargement is very important. 
Na važnom je mjestu neposredni proces proširenja EU.
Although it is not clear what the EU will be like after this enlargement, one of the possible scenarios is that the willingness of a new EU with 20 members for new enlargement will be much smaller. 
Iako je neizvjesno kakav će EU biti nakon tog proširenja, jedan od mogućih scenarija jest da se spremnost novog EU sa 20 članica više znatno smanji za daljnje širenje.
Taking this scenario as a possible one could well reduce Croatian motivation for the implementation of reforms already provided for. 
Prihvaćanje tog scenarija kao vjerojatnoga moglo bi smanjiti motivaciju Hrvatske za provedbu već predviđenih reformi.
In addition, the most marked comparative advantages of producers in Croatia lie in the production of traditional products (fisheries, wood and textile products), in which the competition will be increased with the accession of new transitional members. 
Nadalje, najizraženije komparativne prednosti proizvođača iz Hrvatske jest proizvodnja tradicionalnih proizvoda (ribarstvo te drvni i tekstilni proizvodi), u čemu će se konkurencija pristupom novih, tranzicijskih članica povećati.
For this reason, during the period of adjustment to the EU, it is necessary to consider adjustments to an enlarged EU, i.e., an EU of 20 to 28 members, and of acceding to this much larger union when the conditions are met. 
Stoga se tijekom prilagodbi EU mora razmišljati o prilagodbama proširenom EU, tj. EU od 20-28 država članica te o pristupanju takvom proširenom EU kad se za to steknu uvjeti.
In spite of the high possible costs of integration (restructuring costs), the establishment and consistent implementation of obligations taken on can help in the creation of favourable investment conditions. 
Usprkos mogućim visokim troškovima integracije (troškovima restrukturiranja), uspostava i dosljedno provođenje preuzetih obveza može pomoći u stvaranju povoljnih uvjeta za investicije.
The establishment of free trade zones in the region will make it possible for transitional economies to prepare to face the competitive pressures on the EU market. 
Uspostava zona slobodne trgovine u regiji omogućuje tranzicijskim gospodarstvima pripremu za suočavanje s konkurencijskim pritiskom na tržištu EU.
The strengthening of inter-regional trade can make specialisation possible and facilitate its heading in the direction of activities with greater value added. 
Jačanje međuregionalne trgovine može omogućiti specijalizaciju te je olakšati u smjeru aktivnosti s većom dodanom vrijednošću.
Although access to the EU market is unlimited and duty-free for most of the Croatian products, this kind of regime of access to the EU market does not make it possible to adjust the export structure of the Republic of Croatia in accordance with its comparative advantages. 
Iako je pristup tržištu EU za većinu hrvatskih proizvoda neograničen i bescarinski, takav režim pristupa tržištu EU ne omogućuje usklađivanje izvozne strukture RH s njezinim komparativnim prednostima.
That is, Croatian producers have their greatest comparative advantages in sectors in which access to the EU market is limited. 
Naime, proizvođači iz Hrvatske najveće komparativne prednosti imaju u sektorima u kojima je pristup tržištu EU ograničen.
These are fisheries and the production of tobacco products. 
To su ribarstvo i proizvodnja duhanskih proizvoda.
Regional cooperation, which Croatia is obliged to carry out by the SAA, can help in the process of restructuring. 
Regionalna suradnja na koju se Hrvatska obvezala SSP-om može pomoći u procesu restrukturiranja.
At the same time, the introduction of the regular reports made by the European Commission enables unbiased and consistent monitoring of the implementation of reforms. 
Ujedno, uvođenje redovitih izvještaja koje podnosi Komisija omogućuje nepristrano i konzistentno praćenje provedbe reformi.
• Work on the achievement of status of full member as fast as possible, because this will minimise the static costs that derive from partial liberalisation through implementation of the SAA. 
• Raditi na što bržoj transformaciji u punopravnog člana jer će se tako minimizirati statički troškovi koji proizlaze iz parcijalne liberalizacije provedbom SSP-a.
The proviso is that the implementation of the SAA and other international obligations and reforms already launched is a necessary condition for transformation. 
Pri tome je provedba SSP-a i drugih međunarodnih obveza te već pokrenutih reformi nužan uvjet preobrazbe.
• As opposed to the position of Croatia in Doha, not to enter into numerous bilateral preferential arrangements, especially if each of them has separate rules of origin - this only increases the transaction costs and trading costs. 
• Suprotno poziciji Hrvatske u Dohi, ne ulaziti u bezbroj bilateralnih preferencijalnih aranžmana, posebno ako svaki ima zasebna pravila o podrijetlu robe - time se samo povećavaju transakcijski troškovi i troškovi trgovine.
Existing bilateral agreements could be made multilateral, which would reduce the administrative costs of implementing and monitoring them. 
Postojeći bilateralni sporazumi mogli bi se “multilateralizirati” čime bi se smanjili administrativni troškovi njihove provedbe i praćenja.
• If the trade policy of the EU is accepted, it should be used, as in the member states, as a support for development, industrial and competition policies and not as a merely passive protection policy. 
• U slučaju prihvaćanja trgovinske politike EU, ona se treba koristiti kao i u državama članicama, kao potpora razvojnoj, industrijskoj i konkurentskoj politici, a ne samo kao pasivna zaštitna politika.
i The basic agreements are those of trade in goods (GATT), in services (GATS), the protection of intellectual rights (TRIPS) and the settlement of disputes (DSM). 
i Osnovni su sporazumi onaj o trgovini robom (GATT), uslugama (GATS), zaštiti intelektualnih prava (TRIPs) te rješavanju sporova (DSM).
iii Of course, by associating, an applicant country obliges itself gradually to create a free trade zone and adjust its trade policy with the common trade policy of the Union. 
iii Dakako, pridruživanjem se zemlja kandidatkinja obvezuje na postupno stvaranje zone slobodne trgovine i usklađivanje trgovinske politike sa zajedničkom trgovinskom politikom Zajednice.
The adjustment of applicants to the EU trade policy is monitored in the context of the general legal adjustments. 
Prilagodbe kandidata trgovinskoj politici EU prate se u sklopu pravnih prilagodbi.
Accession negotiations progress according to the pace of harmonisation to the acquis. 
Pregovori o članstvu napreduju ovisno o usklađenosti kandidata sa zakonodavstvom Zajednice.
Acceptance and implementation of the acquis implies that the applicant has developed the ability to take on the obligations that arise from membership. 
Prihvaćanje i primjena pravila Zajednice (acquis communautaire, skraćeno acquis) podrazumijeva da je kandidat razvio sposobnost preuzimanja obveza koje proizlaze iz članstva.
The negotiation chapters that relate to trade are: the free movement of goods (Chapter 1), the free movement of services (Chapter 3), the free movement of capital (part of Chapter 4), the negotiations of some states about the protection of intellectual property (TRIPS, Chapter 5), and the establishment of the customs union (Chapter 25). 
Pregovaračka poglavlja koja se odnose na trgovinu jesu: slobodno kretanje robe (poglavlje 1), slobodno kretanje usluga (poglavlje 3), slobodno kretanje kapitala (dio poglavlja 4), pregovori nekih država o zaštiti intelektualnog vlasništva (TRIPS, poglavlje 5), te uspostavi carinske unije (poglavlje 25).
Most of the applicants have provisionally completed negotiations about these chapters, which means that they will in the event that they do join the EU, be involved in the single market and apply the common customs tariff with respect to third countries, i.e., they will become a member of the customs union. 
Većina kandidata provizorno je dovršila pregovore o tim poglavljima, što podrazumijeva da će se u slučaju pristupanja EU uključiti u jedinstveno tržište i primjenjivati zajedničku carinsku tarifu prema trećim zemljama, tj. da će postati članom carinske unije.
v Other elements according to which the European Commission evaluates the effectiveness of a market economy are: the equilibrium between supply and demand established by the free interplay of market forces; absence of significant barriers to market entry (establishment of new firms) ond exit (bankruptcies, liquidations); the legal system, including the regulation of property rights ; macroeconomic stability achieved, including price stability, sustainable public finances and external accounts; the existence of a broad consensus about the essentials of economic policy, and a sufficiently developed financial sector to channel savings towards productive investment. 
v Ostali elementi na temelju kojih Europska komisija ocjenjuje djelotvornost tržišnoga gospodarstva jesu postojanje ravnoteže ponude i potražnje zbog slobodnog djelovanja tržišnih snaga; uklanjanje većih zapreka za ulazak i izlazak s tržišta (u smislu otvaranja novih poduzeća ili stečaja postojećih); regulativa vlasničkih odnosa; postignuta makroekonomska stabilnost, uključujući odgovarajuću cjenovnu stabilnost, održive javne financije i bilanca plaćanja s inozemstvom; postojanje konsenzusa o ključnim pitanjima gospodarske politike zemlje i dovoljno razvijen financijski sektor koji može usmjeriti štednju prema proizvodnom ulaganju.