natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For example, the acceptance of the rules defined in Directive 94/22 OJ L 164, 30 June 1994 concerning the transparency of rules for the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons coincides with the rules about non-discrimination and national treatment that derive from the European Energy Charter Treaty. 
Primjerice, prihvaćanje pravila definiranih Smjernicom 94/22, OJL 164, 30. lipnja 1994. o transparentnosti pravila za istraživanje i iskorištavanje ugljikohidrata podudara se s pravilima o nediskriminaciji i nacionalnom tretmanu koji proizlazi iz Ugovora o Europskoj energetskoj povelji.
In accordance with EU regulations and the European Energy Charter Treaty, it is necessary to provide access to the infrastructure for transit. 
U skladu s pravilima EU i Ugovorom o Europskoj energetskoj povelji, nužno je osigurati pristup infrastrukturi za tranzit.
vi At the moment, in the EU area, about 8% of domestic production is swapped. 
vi Trenutačno se na području EU razmjenjuje oko 8% domaće proizvodnje.
HEP considers its capacities confidential. 
HEP svoje kapacitete smatra poslovnom tajnom.
vii The proposal of the Energy Development Strategy of 1999 contained a review of the necessary infrastructure projects, covering the following: the gasification of the Republic of Croatia; the Italy-Pula-Karlovac-GEA transport system project; ZagrebKarlovac; Zagreb-Kutina-Slavonski Brod-Donji Miholjac; Vrbovsko-Split; BenkovacZadar, and minor transport gas lines; increase of the gas storage capacities (Okoli/Bokšić); development of a distribution network; development of equipment and energy users at the consumers; revitalisation and construction of new secondary refinery capacities; linking JANAF with other international oil pipelines; development of small cogeneration facilities (up to 2030 with a capacity of 1TWh of electricity); bringing two gas-fired generating stations of 300 MW on line (up to 2010); bringing the hydroelectricity generating states of Lešće, Podsused, Drenje on line; construction of a transit and distribution electricity network. 
vii Prijedlog strategije energetskog razvoja iz 1999. godine sadržavao je pregled potrebnih infrastrukturnih projekata koji je obuhvaćao ove projekte: Plinifikacja RH; Transportni sustav Italija-Pula-Karlovac-GEA projekt; Zagreb-Karlovac; Zagreb-KutinaSlavonski Brod-Donji Miholjac; Vrbosko-Split; Benkovac-Zadar, te manji transportni plinovodi; Povećanje skladišnog kapaciteta za plin (Okoli/Bokšić); Razvoj distribucijske mreže; Razvoj opreme i trošila kod potrošača; Revitalizacija i izgradnja novih sekundarnih rafinerijskih kapaciteta; Povezivanje JANAF-a s drugim međunardonim naftovodima; Razvoj malih termoelektrana-toplana (do 2030. s kapacitetom 1TWh električne energije); Puštanje u pogon dvije plinske elektrane po 300 MW svaka (do 2010); Puštanje u pogon hidroelektrana Lešće, Podsused, Drenje; Izgradnja prijenosne i distrubucijske elektroenergetske mreže.
viii The deadline for adopting these regulations ran out in March 2002, and at the moment (October 2002) the working text of a new law about commodity reserves is being agreed on. 
viii Rok za donošenje tih propisa istekao je u ožujku 2002, a u tijeku je (listopad 2002) usuglašavanje radnog teksta novog zakona o robnim pričuvama.
ix The Law on privatisation of INA - Industrija Nafte d.d. (NN 32/02) foresees that the Republic of Croatia will retain at least 25% plus 1 share until Croatia is received into the EU, and the HEP d.d. Privatisation Law (NN 32/02) that the Republic of Croatia will retain ownership of 51% of the shares of HEP until Croatia joins the EU. 
ix Zakon o privatizaciji INA - Industrije nafte d.d. (NN 32/02) predviđa da će RH zadržati najmanje 25% + 1 dionicu do prijama Hrvatske u članstvo EU, a Zakon oprivatizaciji Hrvatske elektroprivrede d.d. (NN 32/02) da će RH zadržati vlasništvo nad 51% dionica HEP-a d.d. do ulaska Hrvatske u članstvo EU.
Chapter 9 
Poglavlje 9.
UNEMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 
(NE)ZAPOSLENOST U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
The paper will detail EU activities connected with employment, analyse the labour market and measures for reducing unemployment in the Republic of Croatia, and propose some ways in which the labour market might be improved. 
U članku ćemo izložiti aktivnosti EU u vezi sa zapošljavanjem, analizirati tržište rada i mjere smanjivanja nezaposlenosti u RH te predložiti mogućnosti poboljšanja tržišta rada.
Key words: 
Kljucne riječi:
employment, unemployment, labour relations, labour market, Republic of Croatia, EU 
zaposlenost, nezaposlenost, radni odnosi, tržište rada, RH, EU.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 
UVOD
It can be sensed intuitively that over the long run unemployment, the regulation of labour relations and the situation in the labour market will not create a very great obstacle for the Republic of Croatia to achieve convergence with and join the European Union. 
Intuitivno se može ocijeniti da nezaposlenost, regulacija radnih odnosa i stanje na tržištu rada dugoročno neće biti (prevelika) zapreka približavanja i priključenja RH Europskoj uniji.
Croatia is a small country, and although there is a large number of unemployed people, this should not affect the trends in the EU labour market, while the geographical mobility of the unemployed is limited by language and cultural barriers. 
Hrvatska je mala zemlja, pa velik broj nezaposlenih neće utjecati na kretanja na tržištu rada EU, a i prostorna je pokretljivost nezaposlenih ograničena jezičnim i kulturološkim zaprekama.
Still, trends in the labour market could well be short-term and medium-term hurdles to Croatia's joining the EU. 
Ipak, kretanja na tržištu rada mogu biti kratkoročna i srednjoročna zapreka uključivanju RH u EU.
The most important reason is to be found in the relatively high payouts for welfare policy in the broader sense of the word, payments which are mainly channelled towards the poor. 
Najvažniji su razlog relativno velika izdvajanja za socijalnu politiku u širem smislu te za socijalnu skrb, koja su pretežito usmjerena siromašnima.
While the number of clients for various kinds of welfare transfers is increasing, the amount available for each individual is diminishing appreciably. 
Dok se broj korisnika raznovrsnih oblika socijalnih transfera povećava, raspoloživi iznos po pojedincu znatno se smanjio.
According to the World Bank Study on Social Vulnerability and Welfare Study, the unemployed in Croatia, along with inactive people, are the most affected by long-term poverty. 
Prema Studiji o ekonomskoj ranjivosti i socijalnom blagostanju Svjetske banke, nezaposleni u Hrvatskoj, uz neaktivne osobei, najpogođeniji su dugotrajnim siromaštvom.
Legislative solutions and political figures in the Republic of Croatia are more inclined to extend the lives of unprofitable firms than to stimulate the creation of new and sound businesses. 
Zakonodavna rješenja i politički subjekti u RH skloniji su produženju života nerentabilnih tvrtki umjesto poticanju stvaranja novih i zdravih poslovnih subjekata.
This persistent, and exaggerated, maintenance of current employment produces the diametrically opposite result from that desired, and the uncompetitiveness and inflexibility of the labour market have resulted in a reduction of the number of existing jobs, and at the same time restricted the space for new employment. 
To uporno (bolje reći pretjerano) čuvanje postojeće zaposlenosti proizvodi posve suprotan učinak od željenoga, pa nekonkurentnost i nefleksibilnost tržišta rada utječu na smanjenje broja postojećih radnih mjesta, a sužava se i prostor za novo zapošljavanje.
Thus there is a polarisation of society into the relatively safe (though, with respect to the cost of living, underpaid) employed (the insiders) and the unemployed (the outsiders), a very considerable number of whom are long-term unemployed with very slight chances and likelihood of finding work. 
Tako dolazi do polarizacije društva na (relativno sigurne, iako s obzirom na troškove života nedovoljno plaćene) zaposlene (insidere) i nezaposlene (outsidere) od kojih je znatan dio dugotrajno nezaposleno i vrlo malih mogućnosti i vjerojatnost zaposlenja.
This shows a total failure to understand (or even to know) the trends to greater flexibility that mark both the global and the regional EU economy, in which the emphasis is not upon saving jobs, but on creating the conditions for employability. 
Time se pokazuje potpuno nerazumijevanje (ili nepoznavanje) procesa fleksibilizacije koji obilježavaju globalnu i regionalnu ekonomiju EU, u kojemu je naglasak ne na očuvanju radnog mjesta, već na stvaranju uvjeta zapošljivosti.
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND EMPLOYMENT 
EUROPSKA UNIJA I ZAPOŠLJAVANJE
When the EEC was set up in the 1950s, its most important goals were to create the conditions for the free movement of goods, services, capital and manpower. 
Kada je 1950-ih osnivana Europska ekonomska zajednica (EEZ), njezini su najvažniji ciljevi bili ostvariti slobodno kretanje roba, usluga, kapitala i ljudi.
Although there was some tendency to bring the populations of the member countries closer together, the practical ambitions of the EEC were economic rather than social, and activities such as equal opportunities were believed to be an integral part of the free market system and economic competition. 
Iako se težilo međusobnom približavanju stanovnika zemalja članica, praktične su ambicije EEZ-a više bile gospodarske nego socijalne, a za aktivnosti poput stvaranja jednakih mogucnosti vjerovalo se da čine sastavni dio slobodnoga tržišnog sustava i gospodarske utakmice.
Nevertheless, over the years, the EEC, and later the EU, acquired increasingly extensive authorities in the determination of social policy and action. 
Ipak, tijekom godina EEZ, a kasnije i EU, dobiva sve veće ovlasti i u određivanju socijalne politike i djelovanja.
In this policy, employment and the reduction of unemployment formed an important component of a successful struggle against poverty and social exclusion. 
U toj politici zapošljavanje i smanjivanje nezaposlenosti čine važnu sastavnicu uspješne borbe protiv siromaštva i društvene isključenosti.
In the last two decades, the policy of employment has become an essential determinant of the production of synergy between economic and social developmental goals, and in the attainment of equality and the creation of the opportunities for total participation in civil rights. 
U protekla je dva desetljeća politika zapošljavanja postala bitna odrednica ostvarivanja sinergije gospodarskih i socijalnih razvojnih ciljeva, te u dosezanju jednakosti i stvaranju mogućnosti za potpuno sudjelovanje u građanskim pravima.
Much of this was contained in the Social Protocol of the Maastricht Treaty adopted in 1992. 
Mnogo od navedenoga sadržano je u Socijalnom protokolu Ugovora iz Maastrichta, usvojenom 1992. godine.
This document states the objectives to be attained, and includes the obviation of social exclusion on the labour market and in society as a whole, draws attention to the existence of discrimination in the labour market, the lack of opportunities for training and further training, inadequate protection of minorities, a lower level of social protection and restrictions on freedom of movement. 
Taj dokument navodi ciljeve koji se žele postići, a obuhvaća suzbijanje socijalne isključivosti na tržištu rada i u društvu općenito, upozorava na postojanje diskriminacije u svijetu rada, nedostatak mogućnosti obrazovanja i usavršavanja, nedovoljne zaštite manjina, nisku razinu socijalne zaštite i ograničenu slobodu kretanja.
The condition of employment or the lack of it and the solutions for it vary from country to country within the EU. 
Stanje (ne)zaposlenosti i njezino rješavanje u pojedinim se zemljama članicama EU uvelike razlikuje.
Esping-Andersen (1990) distinguishes three basic models of social policy, and hence of employment policies. 
Esping-Andersen (1990) razlikuje tri osnovna modela socijalne politike, pa slijedom toga i politike zapošljavanja.
The first is the neoliberal, in which the emphasis is on the effectiveness of the market, a restrictive assistance policy in which there is great social stratification (e.g., in the UK). 
Prvi je neoliberalni, u kojemu je naglasak na učinkovitosti tržišta, restriktivnoj politici pomoći i velikoj društvenoj stratifikaciji (npr. Velika Britanija).
The second is the social-democratic, in which there is little stratification, the public welfare system is very developed, the state provides direct protection or financially assists members of society at risk and attempts to improve their quality of life and enable them to participate fully in the labour market or to have security during times of unemployment (the Scandinavian countries, for example). 
Drugi je socijalnodemokratski, u kojemu je stratifikacija malena, sustav javne socijalne skrbi vrlo razvijen, država pruža neposrednu zaštitu ili financijski pomaže ugroženim članovima društva te nastoji poboljšati kvalitetu njihova života i omogućiti im puno sudjelovanje na tržištu rada odnosno osiguranje za vrijeme nezaposlenosti (npr. skandinavske zemlje).
The third is the corporate model, in which there is also high stratification, while government intervention is provided via market regulation or financial assistance (for example, France and Germany). 
Treći je model korporatistički, i u njemu je visoka stratifikacija, a državna se intervencija ostvaruje reguliranjem tržišta ili financijskom pomoći (npr. Njemačka i Francuska).
There are considerable differences in unemployment rates from country to country, as well as of unemployment structure, average length of unemployment and attitude to the unemployed, and it is hard to speak of any average situation in the EU. 
U pojedinim zemljama članicama znatno se razlikuju stope zaposlenosti i nezaposlenosti, struktura nezaposlenih, prosječno trajanje nezaposlenosti i odnos prema nezaposlenima, pa se stoga teško može govoriti oprosječnom stanju u EU.
In principle, the countries that we have termed social-democratic and that are systematically carrying out an active employment policy (mostly via further training, retraining and professional qualifications for the unemployed, as well as joint financing of the difficult to employ) have lower rates of unemployment (at the end of the 90s, about 6% in Sweden and Denmark). 
Načelno, zemlje koje smo svrstali u socijalno - demokratske i koje sustavno provode aktivnu politiku zapošljavanja (ponajviše putem dokvalifikacije, prekvalifikacije i stručnog osposobljavanja nezaposlenih, te sufinanciranjem zapošljavanja teže zapošljivih) imaju i niže stope nezaposlenosti (krajem 90-ih Švedska i Danska oko 6%).
The neoliberal group also has a low rate of unemployment (UK - 6%), while the corporate countries have on the whole a greater rate of unemployment (Germany and France from 9% to 12%). 
Neoliberalna skupina zemalja također bilježi niže stope nezaposlenosti (Velika Britanija 6%), dok korporatističke zemlje uglavnom imaju veću nezaposlenost (Njemačka i Francuska od 9 do 12%).
However, of all the EU member countries, traditionally the highest rate of unemployment obtains in a fourth group - the Mediterranean lands, and the unemployment rate at the end of the 90s in Italy, Spain and Greece was as high as 16%. 
Ipak, od članica EU tradicionalno najviše stope nezaposlenosti bilježi četvrta skupina - mediteranske zemlje, te su stope nezaposlenosti krajem 1990-ih u Španjolskoj, Italiji i Grčkoj iznosile čak do 16%.
Monetary benefits and assistance during a time of unemployment, apart from providing material security for the unemployed, are also important labour market regulation mechanisms. 
Novčane naknade i pomoći za vrijeme nezaposlenosti osim što trebaju pružiti nezaposlenima materijalno osiguranje, važne su i kao mehanizam regulacije tržišta rada.
The attitude towards them in the EU, from the point of view of their compass, length and amount, is fairly similar to the views about the active employment policy. 
Odnos prema njima u EU, u smislu njihova obuhvata, trajanja i visine, približno je sličan odnosu prema aktivnoj politici zapošljavanja.
In the corporate and Scandinavian, or socialdemocrat, countries, a large number of the unemployed receive monetary benefits (about two thirds in Germany and Denmark) that are relatively high, while in the neo-liberal and in the Mediterranean countries the coverage of the unemployed that receive monetary benefits is lower (from 20 to 30%), and the amounts of the benefits are considerably lower. 
U korporatističkim i skandinavskim (socijaldemokratskim) zemljama velik dio nezaposlenih prima novčane naknade (oko dvije trećine u Njemačkoj i Danskoj) koje su relativno visoke, dok je u neoliberalnim i mediteranskim zemljama obuhvat nezaposlenih koji dobivaju naknadu uglavnom niži (od 20 do 30%), a i iznos naknade je znatno manji.
Still, in all EU member countries, because of increased outlays for unemployed and the reduction of budgetary revenue, and belief that it will encourage the unemployed to be more active in looking for work, since the early 1990s the criteria for being able to claim benefits and assistance during unemployment have been toughened and the relative amounts of the benefits and the periods for which they can be claimed have been reduced. 
Ipak se u svim članicama EU zbog povećanih izdvajanja za nezaposlene i smanjivanja proračunskih rashoda te vjerovanja da će to potaknuti nezaposlene na aktivnije traženje posla, od početka 1990-ih postrožuju kriteriji za ostvarivanje naknada i pomoći za vrijeme nezaposlenosti, smanjuju se relativni iznosi naknada te skraćuje njihovo trajanje.
To put into operation the strategy and measures for the encouragement of employment and economic development, in 1993 the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment was brought out; in this, the challenges, difficulties and the ways in which they could be solved were clearly stated (European Commission, 1993). 
Radi operacionalizacije strategije i mjera poticanja zapošljavanja i gospodarskog razvoja 1993. donesen je White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment u kojemu su jasno navedeni izazovi, teškoće i načini njihova razrješavanja (European Commision, 1993).
The EU aim was to spur economic growth based on creativity and productivity, and the implementation of a social or welfare policy acceptable to the member countries, thus improving social and economic cohesion. 
Cilj EU jest poticanje gospodarskog razvoja utemeljenoga na stvaralaštvu i proizvodnosti te ostvarivanje socijalne politike prihvatljive zemljama članicama, čime bi se poboljšala socijalna i ekonomska kohezija.
The European Council helps and encourages members to improve their education and training, including measures of accelerating employability and narrowing the educational gap. 
Europsko vijeće potiče i pomaže članicama u poboljšanju obrazovanja i osposobljavanja, uključujući i mjere pospješivanja zapošljivosti i smanjivanja obrazovnog jaza.
The Council constantly stresses the need for the development of an active employment policy, which apart from reducing unemployment, also helps in the reintegration of the unemployed and the provision of equal opportunities for everyone. 
Vijeće stalno ističe potrebu razvijanja aktivne politike zapošljavanja, koja osim što povećava nezaposlenost, omogućuje i reintegraciju nezaposlenih i osiguranje jednakih mogućnosti svima.
At the same time, the Council is aiming at the establishment of gender and age equality, the protection of those at risk and ethnic minorities, and a consistent and ongoing encouragement of social integration, under the motto that employment is the best defence against poverty and social exclusion. 
Ujedno, Vijeće teži izgradnji spolne i dobne jednakosti, zaštiti ugroženih i nacionalnih manjina, te dosljednom i trajnom poticanju socijalne integracije pod motom da je zapošljavanje najbolja obrana od siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti.
Since about 1997, the EU has stepped up its activities aimed at reducing social exclusion, and the Amsterdam Treaty stressed the need for the creation of an advisory Employment Committee, while in the same year a decision was adopted about putting an appropriate strategy into force. 
Približno od 1997. godine EU je pojačao aktivnosti protiv socijalne isključenosti, pa je Ugovor iz Amsterdama naglasio potrebu stvaranja savjetodavnog Vijeća za zapošljavanje (Employment Committee), dok je iste godine donesena odluka o osnaživanju odgovarajuće strategije.
In this, an increasingly greater stress should be placed on the creation of a system of social protection to stimulate employment and accelerate employability. 
U njoj bi sve jači naglasak trebao biti na ostvarivanju sustava socijalne zaštite koji bi poticao zapošljavanje i pospješio zapošljivost.
The European Employment Strategy is part of a broader political programme that the Union launched in 1997 in Luxembourg, and ratified in 2000 in Lisbon, with the purpose of creating an EU that would be the most dynamic and most competitive region in the world, founded upon knowledge, a sustainable environment friendly to economic growth, in order to induce greater employment and social cohesion. 
Europska strategija zapošljavanja (The European Employment Strategy) dio je šireg političkog programa koji je Unija pokrenula 1997. godine u Luxembourgu, a potvrdila 2000. u Lisabonu, s ciljem stvaranja EU kao najdinamičnijega i najkonkurentnijeg područja svijeta, utemeljenoga na znanju, održivome i čovjekovoj okolini naklonjenom gospodarskom rastu, što bi potaknulo veće zapošljavanje i socijalnu koheziju.
In the conditions of the creation of a common market and currency it is necessary to coordinate, adjust and approximate (though not to equate) social policies, in order to deepen the consensus and to make use of the experience of various different states. 
U uvjetima stvaranja zajedničkog tržišta i monete potrebno je koordinirati, usaglašavati i približavati (ne i izjednačivati) socijalnu politiku, čime bi se produbio konsenzus i iskoristila iskustva različitih država.
There was total acceptance of the viewpoint that employment and social protection had to work together for the purpose of reducing exclusion and stimulating integration via participation in the labour market. 
U potpunosti je prihvaćen stav da zapošljavanje i socijalna zaštita moraju djelovati zajedno u smanjivanju isključenosti i poticanju integriranja sudjelovanjem na tržištu rada.
In its monitoring of unemployment and employment and social policy, the EU regularly collects and considers 18 indicators« connected with the fight against poverty and social exclusion. 
U praćenju (ne)zaposlenosti i socijalne politike EU redovito prikuplja i razmatra 18 pokazateljaii vezanih za borbu protiv siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti.
The list of these indicators draws attention to the complexity and multidimensionality of poverty and constitutes a foundation for the consideration and working of national and international programmes and the construction of a poverty eradication policy. 
Popis tih pokazatelja upozorava na složenost i multidimenzioniranu prirodu siromaštva te čini temelje za razmatranje i djelovanje nacionalnih i međunarodnih programa i izgradnju politike suzbijanja siromaštva.
The European Employment Strategy defines the framework of the employment programmes for member countries, which the countries make annual reports on. 
Europska strategija zapošljavanja određuje okvir programa zapošljavanja članicama EU, o kojima te zemlje dostavljaju godišnje izvještaje.
The member countries carry out and report on their employment and labour market policies to do with four groups of issues: 
U politici zapošljavanja i tržišta rada zemlje članice svoje aktivnosti i izvještavanje ostvaruju vezano za četiri skupine pitanja:
• improving employability and quality of work - with an emphasis on an active labour market policy, particularly oriented towards the young and the long-term unemployed; 
• poboljšanje zapošljivosti i kvalitete posla - s naglaskom na aktivnoj politici tržišta rada, posebice usmjerenoj prema mladima i dugotrajno nezaposlenima;