natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
vi The other elements according to which the capacity to cope with competitive pressures within the Union are evaluated are the sufficiency of available resources with acceptable costs (human potential, capital and infrastructure) with the possibility of their being developed and built upon (education, research), as well as a considerable proportion of SMEs being involved in EU trade, because according to experience to day, such companies tend to benefit more from improved market access, and partly because a dominance of large firms could indicate a greater reluctance to adjust. 
vi Ostali elementi na temelju kojih se procjenjuje sposobnost suočavanja s konkurentskim pritiskom unutar Unije jesu dostatnost raspoloživih resursa uz prihvatljive troškove (ljudski potencijal, kapital i infrastruktura) uz mogućnost njihova razvoja i izgradnje (obrazovanje, istraživanje) te znatan udio malih i srednjih poduzeća u razmjeni s EU jer takva poduzeća prema dosadašnjem iskustvu imaju veće koristi od boljeg pristupa tržištu (European Commission, 1997).
viii This index, for some industrial product or economic activity “i”, is usually defined as GLi= 1 - [IExi-Imil / (Exi+ Im)] where Ex indicators exports and Im imports. 
viii Taj se indeks za neki proizvod ili ekonomsku aktivnost “i ” obično definira kao GLi = 1 - [1Exi-Imi1 / (Exi+ Imi)], gdje Ex obilježava izvoz, a Im uvoz.
The closer the index is to 1, the greater the level of intra-industry trade. 
Što je indeks bliži vrijednosti 1, to je razina intraindustrijske trgovine veća.
ix Relative trade deficit is defined as (x-m)/(x+m), where x is exports, and m is imports, expressed in percentages. 
ix Relativni trgovinski deficit definira se kao (x-m)/(x+m), pri čemu je x - izvoz, a m - uvoz i izražava se postocima.
x Trade diversion is expressed as the cost for a country that, because of the existence of a formal trade agreement, diverts imports from a country that produces them efficiently to a member country that is less efficient , and at the same time ceasing to charge import duties therefore forgoing import tariff revenue. 
x Skretanje trgovine odražava se kao trošak za zemlju koja zbog postojanja formalnoga trgovinskog sporazuma “skreće ” uvoz iz zemlje koja ga uspješno ostvaruje u zemlju članicu koja je manje uspješna, a pri tome prestaje naplaćivati uvoznu carinu pa gubi carinske prihode.
xi More about the model used and the econometric results of the test available from the authors. 
xi Više o korištenome modelu i ekonometrijski rezultati testa raspoloživi od autora.
xii In spite of the fact that bilateral agreements have not been ratified, the following agreements are being provisionally applied: with BH (from 1 January 2001), Macedonia (1 July 2002), Slovenia (1 July 2002), Hungary (1 April 2001), Czech R (1 January 2002), Slovakia (1 January 2002) and EU member countries (from 1 January 2002). 
xii Usprkos činjenici da bilateralni sporazumi još nisu ratificirani, privremeno se primjenjuju sporazumi s BiH (od 1. siječnja 2001), Makedonijom (od 1. srpnja 2002), Slovenijom (1. srpnja 2002), Mađarskom (1. travnja 2001), Češkom (1. siječnja 2002), Slovačkom (1. siječnja 2002) i državama članicama EU (od 1. siječnja 2002).
Agreements have been signed with Turkey and Poland, and negotiations with Albania, FRY and Romania are under way. 
Potpisan je sporazum s Turskom i Poljskom, a pregovori s Albanijom, SRJ i Rumunjskom su u tijeku.
xiii In 2000, the IV Lome Convention ceased to exist, and the EU signed a new agreement, the Cotonou Partnership Agreement, with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. 
xiii U 2000. prestala je vrijediti IV Lome konvencija, a EU je afričkim, karipskim i pacifičkim (ACP) zemljama potpisao novi sporazum - Cotonou Partnership Agreement.
xiv Trade policy, in line with the Treaty Establishing the European Community, consolidated version after the Treaty of Amsterdam, 1997, OJC 340/173 or europa.eu.int.eurlex/en.treaties/dat/ec_cons-treaty-en-pdf is considered one of the forms of commercial policy and is clearly defined with respect to wider commercial policy. 
xiv Tj. trgovinska se politka, u skladu s Ugovorom o EU (Treaty Establishing the European Community - konsolidirana verzija nakon Ugovora iz Amsterdama, 1997, OJ C 340/173 ili Internet europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/treaties/dat/ec_cons-treaty-en.pdf), smatra jednim od oblika komercijalne politike i jasno je definirana s obzirom na sivu komercijalnu politiku.
Control of trade policy is within the jurisdiction of the Union, i.e., member states do not have a direct control over it. 
Kontrola trgovinske politike u djelokrugu Unije, tj. države članice nemaju direktnu kontrolu nad njom.
EU institutions can carry out trade policy measures independently without consulting the member states , and trade agreements are ratified only at the level of the Union (there is no need for members to ratify them). 
Instituticije EU mogu samostalno provoditi mjere trgovinske politike bez konzultiranja država članica, a trgovinski se sporazumi ratificiraju samo na razini Unije (nije potrebna ratifikacija država članica).
As against this, control of commercial policy is divided between the Union and the member states, which have more freedom in the area of regulation commercial presence and trends in production factors (cf. Messerlin 2001 Chapters 4 and 5). 
Nasuprot tome, kontrola komercijalne politike dijeli se između Unije i država članica koje imaju više slobode u području reguliranja komercijalne prisutnosti i kretanja faktora proizvodnje (cf Messerlin, 2001, pog.
The ACP developing countries were given trade preferences within the context of the EU development policy. 
Afričkim, karipskim i pacifičkim (ACP) državama u razvoju EU je dodijelila trgovinske povlastice u sklopu razvojne politike.
xvi The transformation of the regime, from non-reciprocal to reciprocal preferences, is based upon the formation of new bilateral or regional preferential arrangements consistent with WTO rules (especially Article 24). 
xvi Tranformacija tog režima iz nerecipročnih u recipročne povlastice temelji se na stvaranju novih bilateralnih ili regionalnih preferencijalnih aranžmana konzistetnih za WTO (posebno čl 24).
xvii For example, it is sometimes cheaper to pay a tariff than to bear the costs ofproving the origin of the goods (Mayhew, 1998). 
xvii Primjerice, pokatkad je jeftinije platiti carinu nego podnijeti trošak dokazivanja podrijetla robe (Mahyew, 1998).
xviii The level of protection against non-members of the EU may rise because of the process of joining the EU. 
xviii Razina zaštite prema nečlanicama EU može rasti i zbog procesa pristupanja EU.
For example, when Slovenia joins the EU, the provisions of the free trade agreement between Croatia and Slovenia that enable the duty free and unlimited imports of wine from Croatia into Slovenia will have to be abolished . 
Primjerice, pri uključivanju Slovenije u EU morale bi se povuci odredbe sporazuma o slobodnoj trgovini između Hrvatske i Slovenije koje omogućuju bescarinski i neograničeni izvoz vina iz Hrvatske u Sloveniju.
xix This is a judgement that still needs support in a more thorough analysis, which alas could not be included in this paper. 
xix To je sud koji tek treba dobiti potporu temeljitijom analizom koja nažalost nije mogla biti obuhvaćena ovim radom.
Chapter 7 
Poglavlje 7.
PREMISES FOR THE INCLUSION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE PROCESS OF CROATIAN ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION 
PRETPOSTAVKE ZA UKLJUČIVANJE POLJOPRIVREDE U PROCES PRIDRUŽIVANJA HRVATSKE EUROPSKOJ UNIJI
Faculty of Agriculture Zagreb 
Agronomski fakultet Zagreb
The Republic of Croatia, in comparison with most other transitional countries, is late with its preparations for future accession to the EU. 
Republika Hrvatska, u usporedbi s većinom drugih tranzicijskih zemalja, kasni s pripremama za buduće priključenje Europskoj uniji (EU).
The causes of this kind of situation are objectively grounded, the recent historical circumstances, as well as subjective in nature, the slowness and lack of political will to cope with this option. 
Uzroci takvom stanju jesu objektivne, nedavne povijesne okolnosti, ali i subjektivna spora politička (ne)opredijeljenost za tu opciju.
In recent times, particularly after the signing of the SAA, activity has been stepped up. 
U novije doba, a posebice nakon potpisivanja Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju (SSP-a) aktivnosti su se pojačale.
In the adjustment process, Croatia will accept liberalisation of EU products and endeavour to retain certain privileges, depending on the sensitivity of the particular product. 
Hrvatska će u procesu prilagodbe prihvatiti liberalizaciju uvoza proizvoda iz EU i nastojati zadržati određene povlastice, ovisno o osjetljivosti pojedinih proizvoda.
Further harmonisation of the agriculture legislation is required, although the major part of Croatian law relating to agriculture contains conditions and key measures found in the secondary legislation of the EU. 
Potrebna je i daljnja prilagodba poljoprivrednog zakonodavstva, premda najveći dio hrvatskih poljoprivrednih zakona sadržava uvjete i ključne mjere zastupljene u sekundarnoj legislativi EU.
In the paper, with the use of the methods of economic analysis and indicators of state intervention in agriculture and the costs of domestic resources, an evaluation is made of the advantages and limitations of Croatian agriculture. 
Primjenom metoda ekonomske analize te pokazatelja državne intervencije u poljoprivredi i troškova domaćih resursa, u radu su ocijenjene prednosti i ograničenja hrvatske poljoprivrede.
The results of comparative analysis give a more objective image of the domestic agricultural sector in the international environment. 
Rezultati komparativne analize daju objektivniju sliku domaćega poljoprivrednog sektora u međunarodnom okruženju.
Adjustment of agrarian policy should lead to an improvement in the competitiveness of domestic agriculture and at the same time to a preservation of domestic natural resources. 
Prilagodbom agrarne politike treba poboljšati konkurentnost domaće poljoprivrede, a istodobno sačuvati domaće prirodne resurse.
agriculture, resources, agrarian structure, family farms, agrarian policy, rural development, economic integration 
poljoprivreda, resursi, agrarna struktura, obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva, agrarna politika, ruralni razvoj, gospodarske integracije
As compared with most other transitional countries, the Republic of Croatia is late with preparations for joining the EU at some future time. 
RH u usporedbi s većinom drugih tranzicijskih zemalja kasni s pripremama za buduće priključenje EU.
The causes of this state of affairs are both objective - the Homeland War - and subjective - the slowness in coming to a political decision to go in for this option. 
Uzroci takvom stanju su objektivni - nedavne povijesne okolnosti (Domovinski rat), ali i subjektivni - spora politička (ne)opredijeljenost za tu opciju.
In more recent times, especially after signing the SAA, activities, formal decisions and individual agreements with the EU have taken on speed, although Croatia still needs to put in a good deal of effort to catch up with the level of the countries in the first round for joining. 
U novije doba, a posebice nakon potpisivanja SSP-a, aktivnosti, formalne odluke i pojedini sporazumi s EU ubrzali su se, premda Hrvatsku očekuje još dosta napora kako bi dosegnula razinu zemalja koje su u prvom krugu priključenja EU.
The ultimate outcome for these countries, and for Croatia too, in the current mood of problems surrounding the enlargement depends more on the EU itself than on future entrant countries. 
Konačni ishod za te zemlje pa i za Hrvatsku, u sadašnjem ozračju problematiziranja proširenja ovisi više o samom EU nego o zemljama budućim pristupnicama.
In this context, a special consideration is given to the economic sectors of these countries and of Croatia that are of greater sensitivity and on which the shocks of integration will have a more profound and debilitating effect. 
U tom kontekstu posebno se razmatraju sektori gospodarstva tih zemalja i Hrvatske koji su osjetljiviji i na koje će integracijski potresi snažnije i “pogubnije” djelovati.
Historically looked at, from the pre-accession experiences of the current members of the EU, it can be seen that the food and agriculture sector/s require a very sensitive analysis of the possible consequences of any future integration. 
Povijesno promatrajući, iz iskustva priključenja sadašnjih članica EU, vidljivo je da poljoprivredni (i prehrambeni) sektor zahtijeva vrlo senzibilne analize mogućih posljedica budućeg integriranja.
For this reason in the paper, along with a depiction of the conditions imposed by the EU for new member states to join, a diagnosis is offered of agriculture from the sense of the farm production indicators (and comparisons of them with those from the countries of CEE), as well as of the state of affairs in legislation and economic policy in these activities. 
Stoga se u radu, uz prikaz uvjeta koje postavlja EU za pridruživanje novih zemalja članica, daje “dijagnoza” poljoprivrede u smislu proizvodno-gospodarskih pokazatelja (i njihove usporedbe sa zemljama središnje i istočne Europe), ali i stanje zakonodavstva i gospodarske politike u toj djelatnosti.
Essential components of the discussion appear to be the matter of competitiveness, restrictions on increasing it, rural development, sustainable farm management and environmental protection, and the social aspects that make the farm sector incomparable with other economic sectors. 
Kao bitna sastavnica nameće se pitanje konkurentnosti, ograničenja njezina povećanja, ruralnog razvoja, održivog gospodarenja u poljoprivredi i zaštiti okoliša, te se ističu društveni aspekti u poljoprivredi po kojima je ona neusporediva s drugim gospodarskim sektorima.
According to this review, the diagnosis of the vulnerability and an explanation of current limitations, in the conclusion a “view forward” is given, according to the currently known determinants of the EU, and a list is given of recommendations of things that need addressing in order for Croatian agriculture to converge on the conditions for membership set it by the EU. 
Na temelju tih prikaza, “dijagnoze” ranjivosti i obrazloženja aktualnih ograničenja, zaključno se naznačuje “pogled unaprijed”, prema zasada poznatim odrednicama EU, te navodi lista nužnih provedbenih preporuka kako bi se hrvatska poljoprivreda približila uvjetima za pridruživanje koje joj postavlja EU.
ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU 
ANALIZA UVJETA ZA PRIDRUŽIVANJE NOVIH ČLANICA EU
Today's European agricultural policy is marked by the many years of impacts made upon it not only by European but also by world political and economic events. 
Današnja europska poljoprivredna politika oblikovana je pod dugogodišnjim utjecajima što su ih izazvali ne samo europski, već i svjetski politički i gospodarski događaji.
In the 1970s it seemed that a global food shortage was imminent, the result being that politicians stimulated the production of food. 
Sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća prijetila je globalna nestašica hrane, a rezultat je bio to da su političari poticali proizvodnju hrane.
Internal markets were protected, and subsidies rose. 
Unutrašnja su se tržišta štitila, a subvencije rasle.
The situation changed in the early 1980s when the threatened shortages did not materialise. 
Stanje se promijenilo ranih osamdesetih, kada se prijeteća nestašica hrane nije ostvarila.
On the contrary, in international trade in farm products, the consequences of increasingly large stocks began to be observed, with falls in prices, high export incentives and increasingly numerous trade restrictions. 
Naprotiv, u međunarodnoj trgovini poljoprivrednim proizvodima počele su se primjećivati posljedice sve većih zaliha, pada cijena, visokih izvoznih poticaja i sve brojnijih trgovinskih ograničenja.
There was an endeavour to find a solution in a new round of multilateral trade negotiations within GATT. 
Rješenje se pokušalo naći u novom krugu višestranih trgovinskih pregovora u okviru GATT-a.
In 1986 a new round of talks began, the Uruguay Round, as it was called, but the inclusion of agriculture into the talks was one of the most contentious of issues. 
Godine 1986. započinje novi, tzv. Urugvajski krug pregovora, a uključivanje poljoprivrede u pregovore bilo je jedno od najspornijih pitanja.
The objective of the talks was to achieve greater freedom in the trade in agricultural products by a reduction of import barriers and export incentives, limitation of agricultural subsides and the unification of sanitary and phytosanitary regulations in international agreements. 
Cilj pregovora bilo je postizanje veće slobode u poljoprivrednoj trgovini smanjivanjem uvoznih prepreka i izvoznih poticaja, ograničavanjem poljoprivrednih potpora i ujednačavanjem sanitarnih i fitosanitarnih propisa u međunarodnim sporazumima.
Such decisions became the foundation for the adjustment of agrarian policy measures in Europe and worldwide in recent times. 
Takve su odluke postale temelj prilagodbe agrarnopolitičkih mjera u Europi i svijetu u novijem razdoblju.
There are endeavours to make up for the limitations in the market price policy by alternative incentives for the adjustment of the agrarian structure and for the development of rural areas and the preservation of the environment, because at the same time the deleterious consequences of the encouragement of intensive agriculture on the environment have been noticed, particularly in the more advanced countries. 
Ograničenja u tržišnocjenovnoj politici nastoje se nadoknaditi alternativnim poticajima za prilagodbu agrarne strukture te za razvoj ruralnih sredina i očuvanje okoliša, jer su istodobno uočene i loše posljedice poticanja intenzivne poljoprivrede na okoliš, poglavito u razvijenim zemljama.
The Common Agricultural Policy 
Zajednička poljoprivredna politika
The Treaty of Rome (1957), which founded the EEC more than 45 years ago, set forward the central place of agriculture in this start made to Western European integration. 
Rimski ugovor (1957. g.), koji je prije više od 45 godina utemeljio Europsku ekonomsku zajednicu (EEZ), naznačio je središnje mjesto poljoprivrede u toj zapadnoeuropskoj integraciji.
The common market for farm products required the passing of the CAP, because agriculture, along with transportation, is one of the two sectors in the EU for which there is a single united policy. 
Zajedničko tržište za poljoprivredne proizvode zahtijevalo je donošenje Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike (ZPP) jer je poljoprivreda (uz promet) jedan od dva sektora u EU za koji postoji jedinstvena politikai.
The basic policy instruments through which these goals are accomplished include price support, direct payments to farmers and control of supply. 
Osnovni politički instrumenti kojima se ti ciljevi postižu obuhvaćaju cjenovnu potporu, izravna plaćanja poljoprivrednicima i nadzor ponude.
The current system is the outcome of two reforms. 
Sadašnji je sustav posljedica dviju reformi.
The first started in 1992 with a change in aid, from price support to direct payments; maintained prices were dropped, the appropriate direct compensations were designed and new measures for controlling supply were brought in. 
Prva je počela 1992. godine promjenom potpore od cjenovne na izravna plaćanja: snižene su podržavane cijene, osmišljene odgovarajuće izravne naknade i uvedene nove mjere nadzora ponude.
Later changes included the transformation of variable import dues into customs equivalents, and they were employed in 1995 as part of the obligations of the EU within the Agriculture Agreement of the Uruguay Round. 
Kasnije su promjene uključivale pretvorbu promjenjivih uvoznih pristojbi u carinske ekvivalente, a primijenjene su 1995. godine kao dio obveza EU u sklopu Sporazuma o poljoprivredi iz Urugvajskog kruga pregovora.
The second reform of the CAP, Agenda 2000, was adopted in 1999, and started to be implemented in early 2000. 
Druga reforma ZPP-a, Agenda 2000, usvojena je 1999. godine i počela se primjenjivati početkom 2000. godine.
This meant a turnabout in the EU, from price support to direct payments and the adjustment of measure for the control of supply. 
Označila je zaokret EU od cjenovne potpore izravnim plaćanjima te prilagodbu mjera za nadzor ponude.
Up to its reform in 1992, the CAP was primarily a system of price arrangements supporting the incomes of EU farmers in two ways: 1, the government would buy up supply surpluses when there was a danger that market prices might fall below an agreed minimum (the intervention price) and 2, customs were applied at EU borders, the consequence being that imported goods with a high degree of price support could not be sold in the EU below the desired internal price set by the EU. 
ZPP je do reforme 1992. godine ponajprije bio sustav cjenovnih uređenja kojima se podržavao dohodak EU poljoprivrednika na dva načina: 1. vlast je otkupljivala viškove ponude kada je postojala opasnost da tržišne cijene padnu ispod dogovorenog minimuma (intervencijske cijene); 2. primjenjivane su carine na granicama EU, tako da se uvezena roba visoko podržavane cijene nije mogla u EU prodati ispod poželjne unutrašnje cijene koju je određivao EU.
Although political reforms cut the price support for some farm products, the EU still applies a relatively high border protection for some products, such as milk, sugar and beef. 
Iako su političke reforme snizile cjenovnu potporu za neke poljoprivredne proizvode, EU još uvijek za neke proizvode (mlijeko, šećer, goveđe meso) primjenjuje relativno visoku graničnu zaštitu.
After the reform of 1992, along with price support, direct payments to producers were provided for in order to support their incomes. 
Nakon reforme 1992. godine, uz cjenovnu potporu osigurane su i izravne isplate proizvođačima kako bi se podržao njihov dohodak.
These compensatory payments were established as part of the 1992 package and are based on the volume of production, but are given to farmers on the basis of their productive acreage in areas in which a certain yield is traditionally obtained. 
Nadoknađujuća plaćanja ustanovljena su kao dio paketa iz 1992. godine i temelje se na opsegu proizvodnje, no daju se poljoprivrednicima i na osnovi proizvodnih površina u područjima u kojima se tradicijski postiže određeni prinos.
Agriculture support programmes mean earmarking considerable sums of money from the EU budget. 
Izdaci za poljoprivredu porasli su s oko 5 mlrd.
About 49% of the EU budget is set aside for CAP measures^, and in previous years this share had been as much as 70%. 
Za mjere ZPP-a izdvaja se oko 49% proračuna EU (1998. g.)ii, a prijašnjih je godina taj udio dosezao čak 70%.
High budgetary expenditure for agriculture in fact brought about a budgetary crisis, and hence led to several political reforms for reining in the considerable outlays on farming. 
Visoki proračunski troškovi za poljoprivredu doveli su do više proračunskih kriza, odnosno do više političkih reformi za obuzdavanje znatnih izdataka za poljoprivredu.
Measures of agricultural policy affect the functioning of the agricultural market of the EU. 
Mjere poljoprivredne politike utječu na funkcioniranje poljoprivrednog tržišta EU.
Within the set of the legislative provisions for the competitiveness of the market they work via transactions between private buyers and producers. 
U sklopu zakonskih odredaba konkurentna tržišta djeluju putem transakcija između privatnih kupaca i prodavača.
As WTO member the EU has agreed to reduce its export incentives and its customs duties, as well as to limit the level of its domestic aid. 
Kao član WTO-a EU je dogovorio smanjenje svojih izvoznih poticaja i carina, kao i ograničavanje razine svoje domaće potpore.
Such restrictions have a powerful effect on agricultural policy, the level of agricultural supports, and the methods in which support is given. 
Takva ograničenja snažno djeluju na poljoprivrednu politiku, razinu poljoprivredne potpore, i na metode pružanja potpore.
It can be expected that the next round of WTO talks will result in additional demands for CAP reforms. 
Može se očekivati da će sljedeći krug pregovora unutar WTO-a rezultirati dodatnim zahtjevima za reformom ZPP-a.