natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This is also the duty of states according to the European Commission's Recommendation on the Protection of the Dignity of Women and Men at Work (92/131/EEC).vii In some states provisions about gender equality have been put into special laws such as equal treatment laws or equal opportunity laws. 
To je dužnost država i prema Preporuci Komisije o zaštiti dostojanstva žena i muškaraca na poslu (92/131/EEC).vii U nekim su državama odredbe o ravnopravnosti spolova uvrštene u posebne zakone poput zakona o jednakom postupanju ili zakona o jednakim mogućnostima.
What is common to them all is that all states are protecting sexuality at the level of constitutional law. 
Ono što im je zajedničko jest da sve države štite spolnost na ustavnopravnoj razini.
Through a review of existing legislative approaches in some of the member states we can define the current average protection of the rights of individuals from sexual discrimination. 
Prikazom postojećih zakonodavnih rješenja u nekima od država članica možemo odrediti trenutačan prosjek zaštite prava pojedinaca od spolne diskriminacije.
In the establishment of actual equality, Sweden is, of course, among the leading countries. 
U uspostavi faktične ravnopravnosti Švedska je, dakako, među vodećim zemljama.
The Sweden or Nordic model stands out as one of the most progressive models in the promotion and protection of sexual equality.viii The Nordic countries have the institution of Ombudsman for matters of encroachment on the equality between men and women. 
Švedski odnosno nordijski model ističe se kao jedan od najnaprednijih modela u promicanju i zaštiti ravnopravnosti spolova.viii Nordijske zemlje poznaju instituciju ombudsmana za pitanja povrede ravnopravnosti spolova.
The equality of the sexes is governed by a special equal opportunities law which guarantees an equal position to men and women, that is, it protects them from every form of discrimination related to conditions of work, equal pay for equal work, retirement conditions, parental relations, sexual harassment, and equal representation of men and women wherever it can be achieved. 
Ravnopravnost spolova uređuje se posebnim zakonom o jednakim mogućnostima koji jamči jednak položaj ženama i muškarcima, odnosno štiti ih od svakog oblika diskriminacije vezane za uvjete rada, jednake plaće za jednak rad, uvjeta za mirovinu, roditeljskih odnosa, spolnog uznemiravanja, kao i ravnomjerne zastupljenosti spolova ondje gdje je to moguće ostvariti.
The Equal Opportunities Act expressly forbids sexual harassment at the workplace, sexual harassment by an employer or some other employee, and every form of harassment that is the consequence of a report by an employee who has been the victim of sexual harassment to the competent body. 
Zakon o jednakim mogućnostima izričito zabranjuje spolno uznemiravanje na radnome mjestu, spolno uznemiravanje koje počini poslodavac ili neki drugi zaposlenik, kao i svako uznemiravanje koje je posljedica prijave zaposlenika koji je bio žrtvom spolnog uznemiravanja mjerodavnom tijelu.
An employer who infringes the provisions of this law is bound to pay damages. 
Poslodavac koji prekrši odredbe tog zakona obvezan je na naknadu štete.
The objective of the law is to achieve the non-condemnation of any person who has at work complained or agreed to testify in the case of some complaint (Elman, 1996). 
Cilj zakona je postići da se na radnome mjestu ne osuđuje osoba koja se žalila ili pristala svjedočiti u slučaju neke žalbe (Elman, 1996).
It is important to mention that in Sweden there is also a Ministry for Matters of Gender Equality (Kindenberg, 2001). 
Važno je spomenuti da u Švedskoj postoji i Ministarstvo za pitanja ravnopravnosti spolova (Kindenberg, 2001).
In France and Germany the application of the criminal code is one of the main resources in the battle against sexual harassment at work. 
U Francuskoj i Njemačkoj primjena kaznenog zakona jedan je od glavnih sredstava borbe protiv spolnog uznemiravanja na poslu.
In France sexual harassment was recognised as a problem as far back as 1985, an important role being played by the European Community (Elman, 1996). 
U Francuskoj je spolno uznemiravanje prepoznato kao problem još 1985. i u tome je važnu ulogu odigrala Europska zajednica (Elman, 1996).
The Recommendation and the Regulations of the Commission had the biggest part to play in this. 
Tome su najviše pridonijele Preporuka i Pravila Komisije.
In French law sexual harassment is incorporated into criminal, labour and civil law. 
U francuskom pravu spolno je uznemiravanje inkorporirano u kazneni, radni i građanski zakon.
In spite of this, existing approaches are still subject to criticisms because it is considered that the provisions in force to do not sufficiently protect the victims of sexual harassment. 
Unatoč tome, postojeća su rješenja i dalje podložna kritikama jer se smatra da važeće odredbe ne štite dovoljnoj žrtve spolnog uznemiravanja.
This is a particular problem in the workplace, where sexual harassment mostly actually happens. 
To je posebice velik problem u radnoj okolini gdje se spolno uznemiravanje najčešće i događa.
EU member countries mostly follow the American model when passing provisions about sexual harassment. 
Države članice EU u donošenjem odredaba o spolnom uznemiravanju najvećim dijelom slijede američki model.
The Austrian Equal Treatment Act contains provision about sexual harassment along the lines of the American rules (Equal Employment Opportunities Commission Guidelines). 
Austrijski Zakon o jednakom postupanju sadržava odredbe o spolnom uznemiravanju po uzoru na američka pravila (Equal Employment Opportunities Commission guidelines).
The Act also covers all forms of sexual harassment (Cahill, 2001). 
Zakon ujedno pokriva sve oblike spolnog uznemiravanja (Cahill, 2001).
The Equal Treatment Commission is charged with handling complaints about sexual harassment. 
Za pritužbe o spolnom uznemiravanju zadužena je Komisija za jednako postupanje.
The legal basis for the handling of complaints is the Sex Discrimination Act passed in 1975 (Millins and Bridgeman, 1998). 
Pravna osnova za rješavanje pritužbi jest Zakon o spolnoj diskriminaciji usvojen 1975. godine (Millins i Bridgeman, 1998).
In addition, the implementation of the rules concerning sexual discrimination put in this law was influenced by the European Commission's Recommendation and Code of Practice on Measures to Combat Sexual Harassment. 
Na provedbu pravila o spolnoj diskriminaciji uvrštenih u taj zakon također su utjecali Preporuka i Pravila Europske komisije o praktičnim mjerama za suzbijanje spolnog uznemiravanja.
France and Belgiumix have the most complete regulations about protection against sexual harassment, with Holland and Great Britain not far behind, while Greece and Portugal do not have any special regulations at all to regulate the ban on sexual harassment. 
Francuska i Belgijaix imaju najpotpunije propise o zaštiti od spolnog uznemiravanja, u čemu bitno ne zaostaju ni Nizozemska i Velika Britanija, dok Grčka i Portugal uopće nemaju posebne propise kojima normiraju zabranu spolnog uznemiravanja.
x This, of course, calls into question the protection derived from and respect for the principle of gender equality guaranteed in the constitutions of the states mentioned. 
x Time se, dakako, dovodi u pitanje zaštita i poštovanje načela ravnopravnosti spolova zajamčene ustavima spomenutih država.
Although victims of sexual harassment and other forms of the infringement of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment can seek protection of their rights at the constitutional and international level, there is still the problem of the absence of any regulations to regulate questions of damages and determine sanctions in such cases. 
Iako žrtve spolnog uznemiravanja i drugih oblika povrede načela jednakih mogućnosti i jednakog postupanja mogu tražiti zaštitu svojih prava na ustavnoj i na međunarodnoj razini, i dalje ostaje problem nepostojanja propisa kojima bi se regulirala pitanja naknade štete i određivale sankcije u tim slučajevima.
Equality between men and women in countries that are applicants for EU membership 
Ravnopravnost spolova u državama kandidatkinjama
Research into the current legal protection against sexual discrimination in states that are applicants for membership in the EU shows that most of them are still not ready for EU accession. 
Istraživanja trenutačne pravne zaštite od spolne diskriminacije u državama kandidatkinjama za članstvo u EU pokazuju da je većina njih još uvijek nespremna za pristupanje EU.
The criteria of respect for high standards of protection of fundamental human rights and liberties are truly high, and are also important for the establishment of and respect for the democratic principles that each state should aim at. 
Kriteriji poštovanja visokih standarda zaštite temeljnih ljudskih prava i slobode doista su visoki, ali i nužni za upostavljanje i poštovanje demokratskih načela kojima bi trebale težiti sve države.
Apart from that, it is also their duty if they wish to be full members of the international community and of supranational institutions such as the EU. 
Osim toga, to je i njihova dužnost ako žele biti punopravne članice međunarodne zajednice i nadržavnih institucija poput EU.
Slovenia has passed its Workplace Relations Law, which came into force in 1998. 
Slovenija je usvojila Zakon o odnosima na radnome mjestu koji je stupio na snagu 1998.
The Law explicitly forbids the discrimination in the workplace of persons who are inclined towards the same sex. 
Zakon eksplicitno zabranjuje diskriminaciju osoba sklonih istom spolu na radnome mjestu.
An employer is expressly forbidden to put any employee into an unequal position because of his or her ethnicity, race, skin colour, sex, age, state of health, religious, political or other conviction, membership in a party, ethnic or social origin, family and health status, sexual orientation and other reasons of a personal nature. 
Poslodavcu je izričito zabranjeno da radnika stavi u neravnopravan položaj s obzirom na njegovu/njezinu rasnu pripadnost, boju kože, spol, dob, zdravstveno stanje, vjersko, političko ili drugo uvjerenje, članstvo u stranci, nacionalno ili socijalno podrijetlo, obiteljski i zdravstveni status, spolnu orijentaciju i druge razloge osobne prirode.
Since 2001 there has been an ombudsman for human rights. 
Od 2001. postoji i ombudsman za ljudska prava.
This progress by Slovenia in the protection of the principle of equality and the suppression of discriminatory behaviour of homosexual or bisexual orientation was positively evaluated by the European Commission (Pecnik, 2002). 
Europska je komisija takav napredak Slovenije u zaštiti načela ravnopravnosti i suzbijanju diskriminativnog ponašanja prema osobama istospolne ili bispolne orijentacije pozitivno ocijenila (Pecnik, 2002).
In spite of this, the European Parliament, the Council and the parliaments of the member countries set Slovenia two more conditions in the area of protection of sexual equality which it is bound to meet before it can join the EU. 
Unatoč tome, Europski parlament, Vijeće i parlamenti država članica, postavili su Sloveniji još dva uvjeta u području zaštite ravnopravnosti spolova koje je dužna ispuniti prije pristupanja EU.
These concern the need to adopt a national programme for protection against discrimination, and the application of such a programme in practice. 
Riječ je o potrebi usvajanja nacionalnog programa zaštite od diskriminacije te primjeni takvog programa u praksi.
The EU has also given a positive evaluation of the advances made in the protection of equality between men and women in Estonia, where the constitution bans various forms of discrimination, including discrimination on the grounds of gender. 
EU pozitivno ocjenjuje i napredak u zaštiti ravnopravnosti spolova u Estoniji, gdje se ustavom zabranjuju različiti oblici diskriminacije, uključujući i diskriminaciju na temelju spola.
Such forms of discrimination are forbidden in the Salaries Law and the Labour Law. 
Takvi oblici diskriminacije zabranjeni su Zakonom o plaćama te Zakonom o radu.
Apart from this, the national programme for the adoption of the acquis guarantees the passing of a gender equality law by the end of 2002. 
Osim toga, nacionalni program za usvajanje acquisa, osigurava usvajanje zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova do kraja 2002.
This programme will also settle the problem of sexual harassment at a legislative level. 
Tim će programom ujedno biti riješen i problem spolnog uznemiravanja na zakonodavnoj razini.
The Czech Republic has to thank the existence of a constitutional provision about the equality of men and women for its advances in the protection of gender equality and a positive evaluation of the current situation. 
Napredak u zaštiti spolne ravnopravnosti i pozitivnu ocjenu trenutačnog stanja Češka može zahvaliti postojanju ustavne odredbe o ravnopravnosti spolova, kao i zakonskom reguliranju pitanja spolnog uznemiravanja.
From the examples of the Czech Republic, Estonia and Slovenia it is obvious that some of the applicant states have fulfilled a large number of the conditions to join the EU, thus approaching high standards for the protection of human rights. 
Na primjeru Češke, Estonije i Slovenije jasno je da su neke od država kandidatkinja ispunile velik dio uvjeta za pristup EU, čime su se približile visokim standardima zaštite ljudskih prava.
As against this, most of them are still faced with extensive work in the creation of a new legislative background for the protection of equality between men and women. 
Nasuprot tome, većinu još uvijek očekuje opsežan posao kreiranja novoga legislativnog okvira za zaštitu spolne ravnopravnosti.
In Bulgaria, discrimination on grounds of gender is explicitly forbidden by the Constitution and the Labour Law. 
U Bugarskoj je diskriminacija na temelju spola izričito zabranjena Ustavom te Zakonom o radu.
In spite of this, women are still exposed to gender discrimination at the workplace, which means that the rules prescribed by the labour law are not put into practice and are not respected. 
Unatoč tome, žene su na radnome mjestu i dalje izložene spolnoj diskriminaciji, što znači da se pravila propisana zakonom o radu u praksi ne provode i ne poštuju.
Employers often break the rules about equal opportunities, the rights of women to maternity leave, and do not adequately protect women from sexual harassment at the workplace. 
Poslodavci učestalo krše pravila o jednakim mogućnostima, prava žena na porodiljni dopust te ne štite dovoljno žene od spolnog uznemiravanja na radnome mjestu.
Apart from that, the current Bulgarian labour law does not contain the principle of equal pay for equal work, which existed in the Bulgarian Labour Law up to 1992. 
Osim toga, sadašnji bugarski zakon o radu ne sadržava načelo "jednake plaće za jednaki rad" koja je postojala u bugarskom Zakonu o radu do 1992.
Since then women have no longer been guaranteed this equality and in reality they are considerably worse paid for their work than men. 
Od tada se ženama više ne jamči ta jednakost i u stvarnosti su one doista znatno slabije plaćene za svoj rad nego muškarci.
Apart from that, the legislator has failed to regulate the matter of legal remedy and damages in all cases of sexual discrimination and sexual harassment. 
Osim toga, zakonodavac je propustio regulirati pitanja pravnih lijekova i naknade štete u svim slučajevima spolne diskriminacije i spolnog uznemiravanja.
Nor does the Bulgarian criminal code anywhere specifically mention the problem of sexual harassment, although there are several provisions that refer indirectly to cases of sexual discrimination. 
Ni bugarski kazneni zakon nigdje izričito ne spominje problem spolnog uznemiravanja, iako postoji nekoliko odredaba koje se posredno odnose na slučajeve spolne diskriminacije.
Still, these provisions do not protect the victims of sexual discrimination at the workplace. 
Ipak, tim se odredbama ne štite žrtve spolne diskriminacije na radnome mjestu.
In Bulgaria there is no special commission to which complaints could be sent in cases of violation of the principle of equal opportunities, equal treatment and sexual harassment. 
U Bugarskoj ne postoje posebne komisije kojima bi se upućivale žalbe u slučajevima kršenja načela jednakih mogućnosti i jednakog postupanja te spolnog uznemiravanja.
Sexual harassment is not specifically regulated by a single law or regulation. 
Spolno uznemiravanje nije izričito regulirano nijednim zakonom, odnosno propisom.
For this reason Bulgaria has been exposed to EU criticism (and international criticism too) because of its failure to respect its own constitutional principles and laws, by which it is in breach of the obligations it has undertaken to join the EU. 
Zato je Bugarska izložena kritikama EU (a time i međunarodne zajednice) zbog nepoštovanja ustavnih načela i zakona, čime krši preuzete obveze za pristupanje EU.
Malta, Romania, Cyprus, Slovakia and Turkey do not meet in their entirety the criteria of the protection of equality between men and women. 
Malta, Rumunjska, Cipar, Slovačka i Turska ne ispunjavaju u potpunosti kriterije zaštite od spolne ravnopravnosti.
Since these are all states that ought to be acceding to the Union in the next round of enlargement, they have a really difficult task to harmonise domestic legislation with EU law, and to meet the now rather high criteria that have been set by the current member states in the matter of the regulation of gender equality. 
Kako je riječ o državama koje bi trebale pristupiti Uniji u sljedećem krugu proširenja, one imaju doista težak zadatak usklađivanja domaćeg zakonodavstva s pravom EU, kao i postizanje sada već visokih kriterija što su ih postavile sadašnje države članice u reguliranju spolne ravnopravnosti.
EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN CROATIA 
RAVNOPRAVNOST SPOLOVA U HRVATSKOJ
Croatia does not currently satisfy all the criteria for membership of the EU. 
Hrvatska trenutačno ne udovoljava svim kriterijima za članstvo u EU.
Apart from the 1993 Copenhagen criteria, the Republic of Croatia still needs to meet the additional political conditions relating to the return of refugees, media freedom, cooperation with the ICTY and regional cooperation. 
Osim kriterija iz Kopenhagena iz 1993, RH treba još zadovoljiti dodatne političke uvjete koji se odnose na povratak izbjeglica, slobodu medija, suradnju s Haaškim sudom te regionalnu suradnju.
As part of its reporting on whether Croatia has lived up to the provisions of the SAA, the EU is also monitoring whether it meets the criteria for EU membership. 
U sklopu izvještavanja o tome ispunjavali RH odredbe SSP-a EU prati i ispunjavanje kriterija Hrvatske za članstvo u EU.
In this area, for us the most important criterion is that of stability of institutions of the member countries sufficient to ensure democracy, the rule of law, the respect for human rights and minority rights. 
U tom području za nas je najvažniji kriterij stabilnosti institucija države kandidatkinje koje osiguravaju demokraciju, pravnu državu, poštovanje ljudskih prava i prava manjina.
Croatia is still quite a long way behind in fulfilling these criteria, especially because of the lack of proper laws to protect the right of individuals at the normative level, because of the ineffectiveness of the courts, and because of the inadequate number of properly educated experts (especially lawyers, most of whom who do not know the material of European law). 
Hrvatska još uvijek dosta zaostaje u ispunjavanju tog kriterija, posebice zbog nepostojanja adekvatnih zakona kojima bi se zaštitila prava pojedinaca na normativnoj razini, zbog neučinkovitosti sudova te nedovoljnog broja obrazovanih stručnjaka, osobito pravnika (većina ne poznaje materiju europskog prava).
For this reason we have no reason to hope for any rapid approach to the standards for membership in the EU. 
Stoga se ne možemo nadati brzom približavanju standardima za članstvo u EU.
Still, the Republic of Croatia has made a certain advance in the regulation of the equality between men and women at a legislative level. 
Ipak, postoji određen napredak RH u regulaciji ravnopravnosti spolova na zakonodavnoj razini.
The amendments to the Labour Law of 2001 put in a provision concerning positive discrimination. 
Izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o radu iz 2001. uvrštena je u zakon odredba o primjeni pozitivnih mjera.
There was also an intention to adopt a provision about sexual harassment, but for reasons of absence of political will, it was left out. 
Postojala je i namjera usvajanja odredbe o spolnom uznemiravanju, no zbog nedostatka političke volje ona je izostavljena.
No provision about sexual harassment exists in the Criminal Code either. 
Odredba o spolnom uznemiravanju ne postoji ni u Kaznenom zakonu.
The provisions of the Criminal Code define abuse and do not make any distinction between abuse and harassment. 
Odredbe Kaznenog zakona definiraju zlostavljanje i ničim ne prave razliku između zlostavljanja i uznemiravanja.
What is positive is that in some firms there is a trend towards putting rules about sexual harassment into the collective agreements, because of the increasing number of complaints from individuals (mainly women) that they had been exposed to some form or other of sexual harassment at the workplace. 
Pozitivno je da u nekim poduzećima postoji trend uvrštavanja pravila o spolnom uznemiravanju u kolektivne ugovore, zbog sve većeg broja pritužbi pojedinaca (ponajviše žena) da su bile izložene nekom od oblika spolnog uznemiravanja na radnome mjestu.
This is in line with the Rules of the Commission about practical measures for suppressing sexual harassment of 1991, and with the Commission's Recommendation of 1991 concerning the protection of the dignity of men and women at work. 
To je u skladu i s Pravilima Komisije o praktičnim mjerama za suzbijanje spolnog uznemiravanja iz 1991, kao i Preporukom Komisije iz 1991. o zaštiti dostojanstva žena i muškaraca na poslu.
Although these are not obligatory, states that are applicants for potential membership of the EU are bound to follow them in the process of harmonising the national legislation with EU law. 
Iako neobvezujuće, države kandidatkinje za potencijalno članstvo u EU dužne su ih slijediti u procesu usklađivanja nacionalnog zakonodavstva s pravom EU.
Croatia too took on this obligation when it signed the SAA. 
Tu obvezu preuzela je i Hrvatska potpisivanjem SSP-a.
The Republic of Croatia also bound itself to respect the norms of international law, and this obligation derives from the constitutional provision according to which international laws that have been ratified and published are ipso facto a part of the internal legal system. 
RH se obvezala i na poštovanje normi međunarodnog prava, a ta obveza proizlazi iz ustavne odredbe prema kojoj su ratificirani i objavljeni međunarodni ugovori dio unutarnjega pravnog poretka.
The existing constitutional framework of the Republic of Croatia does not have any major drawbacks that would prevent the country joining the EU. 
Postojeći ustavni okvir RH ne pokazuje veće nedostatke koji bi sprečavali ulazak u članstvo u EU.
The final arbiter in the area of the protection of fundamental constitutional rights and liberties in the Republic of Croatia is the Constitutional Court. 
Konačni arbitar na području zaštite temeljnih ustavnih prava i sloboda u RH jest Ustavni sud.
Just like the practice of this body, Croatian legislation too accepts the solution according to which it is held that the degree and contents of the protection of rights in a material sense at a national level is in line with the standards stipulated by international treaties. 
Kako praksa tog tijela, tako i hrvatsko zakonodavstvo, prihvaća rješenje prema kojemu se drži da je stupanj i sadržaj zaštite prava u materijalnom smislu na nacionalnoj razini u skladu sa standardima koje propisuju međunarodni ugovori.