natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
There has been a lot of discussion in the public about the compulsory pension insurance and compulsory basic and supplementary health insurance contributions, while the contribution for compulsory health insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases has been neglected. 
U javnosti se učestalo raspravlja o doprinosima za obvezno mirovinsko osiguranje i obvezno osnovno te dopunsko zdravstveno osiguranje, dok je doprinos za obvezno zdravstveno osiguranje za slučaj ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti zanemaren.
Despite the low rate, the revenues collected are considerable. 
Iako je stopa mala, prihodi od tog doprinosa ipak su znatni.
This paper analyses how the Croatian Health Insurance Fund (CHIF) spends the funds collected from the contribution for occupational health protection. 
U ovom se radu analizira kako Hrvatski zavod za zdravstveno osiguranje (HZZO) troši prikupljena sredstva od doprinosa za zaštitu zdravlja na radu.
A large number of employed persons sustain workplace injuries or get ill due to harmful workplace effects. 
Svake se godine znatan broj zaposlenika ozlijedi na radu ili oboli zbog štetnog utjecaja radnog mjesta.
The ensuing material and nonmaterial consequences are very serious, and are borne by employees, employers and government (European Commission, 2011). 
Materijalne i nematerijalne posljedice su velike, a snose ih radnici, poslodavci i država (European Commission, 2011).
From the employee's perspective, nonmaterial consequences include pain, suffering, erosion of self-confidence, lifestyle changes, etc., whereas material effects can be: loss of income, potentially impaired ability to work and medical costs. 
S aspekta radnika, nematerijalne su posljedice bol, patnja, smanjeno samopouzdanje, promjene u načinu života itd., a materijalne izgubljeni dohodak, moguće smanjenje radne sposobnosti i medicinski troškovi.
Employers may suffer from reputation damage or changes in working relationships within the company; the material effects comprise productivity losses, increases in insurance premiums, replacement costs, compensation of damages and legal costs. 
Poslodavcima može biti narušen ugled ili se mogu promijeniti radni odnosi u tvrtki, a s materijalne strane dolazi do pada produktivnosti, porasta premije osiguranja, potrebe novog zapošljavanja, naknada štete, pravnih troškova.
From the perspective of the state, nonmaterial effects include the loss of human resources, accompanied by growing costs of medical treatment, rehabilitation, sick leave and early retirement, or the costs of relevant social benefits. 
Za državu je nematerijalna posljedica smanjenje ljudskih potencijala, a istovremeno joj se povećavaju rashodi zbog troškova liječenja, rehabilitacije i bolovanja, ranijeg odlaska u mirovinu ili određenih socijalnih naknada.
Although it is difficult to estimate the total costs of accidents at work and occupational diseases, this is highly beneficial for better understanding the importance of occupational health protection and safety at work. 
Iako je teško procijeniti ukupne troškove ozljeda na radu i profesionalnih bolesti, ipak je to izrazito korisno kako bi se stekao jasniji uvid u važnost zaštite zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu.
There are many studies on this subject for highly developed countries (see EU-OSHA, 2014). 
Za visokorazvijene zemlje postoje brojne studije koje se bave tom temom (za pregled vidjeti EU-OSHA, 2014).
However, this Newsletter focuses on only a small fragment of total economic costs, i.e. the CHIF's expenditures for accidents at work and occupational diseases, financed from the contribution for occupational health protection. 
U ovom će se Newsletteru analizirati samo mali segment ukupnih ekonomskih troškova: rashodi HZZO-a za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti, a koji se financiraju doprinosom za zaštitu zdravlja na radu.
* This survey is part of the project „Parity Fund to Strengthen Social Dialogue in the Construction Sector”. 
*Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru projekta "Paritetnim fondom do jačanja socijalnog dijaloga u sektoru graditeljstva".
The project is managed by the Croatian Employers' Association (CEA) and co-financed by the European Social Fund. 
Nositelj projekta je Hrvatska udruga poslodavaca (HUP), a sufinanciran je iz Europskog socijalnog fonda.
The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not in any way represent the position or official views of the CEA. 
Navodi u tekstu isključivo su osobni stavovi autorice te ni u kojem slučaju ne izražavaju stajalište ili mišljenje HUP-a.
2 ACCIDENTS AT WORK AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES - STATISTICAL DATA 
2. OZLJEDE NA RADU I PROFESIONALNE BOLESTI - STATISTIČKI PODACI
Eurostat publishes data on health and safety at work for all the EU Member States, additionally including Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. 
Eurostat objavljuje podatke o zaštiti zdravlja i sigurnosti na radu (Health and Safety at Work) za sve članice Europske unije (EU) te dodatno za Island, Norvešku i Švicarsku.
The sources of data used are the ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work) database and the Labour Force Survey. 
Kao izvore podataka koristi ESAW (European Statistics on Accidents at Work) bazu podataka i Anketu o radnoj snazi.
Data are classified by characteristics of injured workers (age, gender and occupation), economic activity and size of employer, type of injury and days of absence from work. 
Podaci su klasificirani po karakteristikama ozlijeđenih radnika (dob, spol, zanimanje), gospodarskoj djelatnosti i veličini poslodavca, vrsti ozljeda na radu i broju dana izostanka s posla.
Included were only accidents that resulted in at least three calendar days of absence from work. 
Uključene su samo ozljede koje su rezultirale s više od tri kalendarska dana izostanka s posla.
The highest incidence of accidents was recorded in Germany (27%), followed by France (18%), Spain (12%), Italy (11%) and Great Britain (8%). 
Najveći udio u broju ozljeda imala je Njemačka (27%), a slijedile su Francuska (18%), Španjolska (12%), Italija (11%) i Velika Britanija (8%).
At the bottom of the scale were Cyprus, Latvia, Bulgaria and Malta, while Croatia ranked 11th on the number of accidents, if countries are sorted in ascending order. 
Na dnu ljestvice bili su Cipar, Latvija, Bugarska i Malta, a Hrvatska je zauzela 11. mjesto, poredaju li se zemlje počevši od najmanjeg broja ozljeda.
All Member States (except Sweden) reported lower incidence rates than in 2008, which was due to lower employment caused by the economic crisis. 
U svim je članicama (osim u Švedskoj) broj ozljeda manji nego 2008. što je posljedica manje zaposlenosti zbog gospodarske krize.
The 2013 EU average was 1,533 accidents (excluding fatal accidents) per 100,000 persons employed (graph 1). 
Prosjek EU-a 2013. bio je 1.533 ozljede (bez ozljeda sa smrtnim ishodom) na 100.000 zaposlenih (grafikon 1).
France led with the largest number of accidents at work per 100,000 persons employed, followed by Portugal and Span. 
Najviše je ozljeda na radu na 100.000 zaposlenih imala Francuska, a slijedile su je Portugal i Španjolska.
The lowest incidence rates were recorded in Romania, Bulgaria and Latvia. 
Najmanje je ozljeda bilo u Rumunjskoj, Bugarskoj i Latviji.
Croatia performed better than the EU average, with 843 accidents per 100,000 persons employed. 
Hrvatska je bolja od prosjeka EUa s 843 ozljede na 100.000 zaposlenih.
In 2015, there were 16,015 accidents at works. 
U 2015. dogodilo se 16.015 ozljeda na radu.
The largest number of fatal accidents has been recorded for many years in construction, and the largest total number of accidents was seen in manufacturing. 
Najveći je broj smrtnih ozljeda iz godine u godinu u građevinarstvu, a ukupan broj ozljeda u prerađivačkoj industriji.
As shown in table 1, the Croatian Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Croatian Institute for Health Protection and Safety at Work (CIHPSW) and CIPH publish different accidents at work data, although they all cite the same source, i.e. CHIF. 
Iz tablice 1 vidljivo je kako Državni zavod za statistiku (DZS), Hrvatski zavod za zaštitu zdravlja i sigurnost na radu (HZZZSR) i HZJZ objavljuju različite podatke o broju ozljeda na radu, a svi kao izvor navode HZZO.
The CIHPSW data have been available since 2009, when the Croatian Institute of Occupational Health (established in 1996) became the CIHPSW. 
Podaci HZZZSR-a raspoloživi su od 2009. jer je tada Hrvatski zavod za medicinu rada (osnovan 1996.) pretvoren u HZZZSR.
In the case of fatal accidents, the CIPH cites as sources not only the CHIF, but also the Labour Inspectorate and the Statistical Report on Death. 
HZZZSR napominje da podatak o smrtnim ozljedama pokazuje samo broj ozljeda koje su završile smrću radnika do trenutka pisanja prijave o ozljedi na radu.
To this end, the Ministry of Health is required to prepare a proposal for the necessary legal changes no later than 30 September 2016 (Government of the RC, 2016). 
Vlada planira pripojiti HZZZSR HZJZ-u, s time da Ministarstvo zdravlja mora do 30. rujna 2016. izraditi prijedlog potrebnih zakonskih izmjena (Vlada RH, 2016).
Data for 2015 are not available; in 2014 there were 168 reported cases of occupational diseases with an incidence rate of 12 per 100,000 persons employed. 
Podaci za 2015. nisu raspoloživi, a 2014. bilo je 168 prijava profesionalnih bolesti sa stopom 12 na 100.000 zaposlenih.
The highest incidence of occupational disease was recorded in manufacturing (71%), health protection and social welfare (8%) and agriculture, forestry and fisheries (7%). 
Najveći broj profesionalnih bolesti zabilježen je u prerađivačkoj djelatnosti (71%), zdravstvenoj zaštiti i socijalnoj skrbi (8%) te poljoprivredi šumarstvu i ribarstvu (7%).
The most frequently reported in 2014 were respiratory diseases caused by asbestos exposure, overuse syndromes caused by repetitive trauma, infectious or parasitic diseases caused by performing activities where there is evidence of an increased risk of infection, diseases caused by vibrations transmitted to the hand, skin diseases caused by substances with scientifically confirmed allergic or irritating effects and noise-induced hearing loss or deafness. 
U 2014. najčešće su prijavljene: bolesti dišnog sustava uzrokovane azbestom, sindromi prenaprezanja uzrokovani kumulativnom traumom, zarazne ili parazitarne bolesti uzrokovane radom u djelatnostima gdje je dokazan povećan rizik zaraze, bolesti uzrokovane vibracijama koje se prenose na ruke, bolesti kože uzrokovane tvarima kojima je znanstveno potvrđeno alergijsko ili nadražujuće djelovanje, nagluhost ili gluhoća uzrokovana bukom.
3 HEALTH INSURANCE RIGHTS IN THE CASES OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES 
3. PRAVA IZ ZDRAVSTVENOG OSIGURANJA ZA OZLJEDE NA RADU I PROFESIONALNE BOLESTI
Compulsory health insurance rights, including rights in the cases of work-related accidents and diseases comprise a right to health protection and a right to financial compensation. 
Prava iz obveznog zdravstvenog osiguranja, uključujući i prava za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti, obuhvaćaju: pravo na zdravstvenu zaštitu i pravo na novčane naknade.
• primary health protection; 
• primarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu;
• specialist and consultative health protection; 
• specijalističko-konzilijarnu zdravstvenu zaštitu;
• hospital health protection; 
• bolničku zdravstvenu zaštitu;
• a right to drugs determined in the CHIF's basic and supplementary drug lists; 
• pravo na lijekove utvrđene osnovnom i dopunskom listom lijekova HZZO-a;
• dental aids determined in the CHIF's basic and supplementary dental aids lists; 
• dentalna pomagala utvrđena osnovnom i dodatnom listom dentalnih pomagala HZZO-a,
• health protection in other Member States and third countries. 
• zdravstvenu zaštitu u drugim državama članicama i trećim državama.
In the case of accidents at work and occupational diseases, the CHIF covers the full costs of medical services for the entire treatment as a consequence of a recognized accident at work or an occupational disease. 
Kod ozljeda na radu i profesionalnih bolesti, HZZO osigurava plaćanje zdravstvenih usluga u cijelosti za cjelokupno liječenje koje je posljedica priznate ozljede na radu, odnosno profesionalne bolesti.
• salary compensation during temporary inability to work (sick leave); 
• naknadu plaće za vrijeme privremene nesposobnosti za rad (bolovanja);
• reimbursement of transportation costs related to the use of health care services; 
• naknadu za troškove prijevoza u vezi s korištenjem zdravstvene zaštite;
• reimbursement of funeral costs in the case of an insured person's death, directly caused by a recognised accident at work or an occupational disease. 
• naknadu za troškove pogreba u slučaju smrti osigurane osobe, ako je smrt neposredna posljedica priznate ozljede na radu, odnosno profesionalne bolesti.
The salary compensation amounts to 100% of the salary compensation base and the maximum amount is not limited. 
Kod privremene nesposobnosti zbog priznate ozljede na radu, odnosno profesionalne bolesti, naknada plaće iznosi 100% osnovice za naknadu plaće i nije ograničen najviši iznos.
The main expenditure items, which will be discussed individually, include: (1) salary compensation for temporary inability to work caused by a recognized accident at work or an occupational disease; and (2) CHIF's expenses for health protection in the cases of work-related injuries or diseases. 
Glavne su stavke, o kojima će biti više riječi pojedinačno: 1) naknade plaće zbog privremene nesposobnosti za rad zbog priznate ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti i 2) izdaci HZZO-a za zdravstvenu zaštitu za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti.
The salaries of the Safety at Work Service employees and all employees engaged in occupational health protection are paid from the total wage bill of the CHIF. 
Plaće zaposlenih u Službi za zaštitu zdravlja na radu i svih zaposlenika koji obavljaju poslove zaštite zdravlja na radu, dio su ukupne mase plaća HZZO-a.
In all other organisational units (regional services, local offices and locations) all tasks are performed by all employees. 
U svim ostalim organizacijskim dijelovima (područne službe, ispostave, lokacije) svi zaposlenici obavljaju sve poslove.
Source: CHIF, Business Reports of the CHIF. 
Izvor: HZZO, Izvješća o poslovanju HZZO-a.
Graph 5 shows data on salary compensation for temporary inability to work caused by a recognised accident at work or an occupational disease. 
Grafikon 5 prikazuje naknade plaće za privremenu nesposobnost za rad zbog priznate ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti.
Salary compensation for temporary inability to work caused by a recognised accident at work or an occupational disease (in million HRK) 
Naknade plaće zbog privremene nesposobnosti za rad zbog priznate ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti (u mil. kn)
Table 2 shows data on days of temporary inability to work, i.e. absence from work, due to accidents at work or occupational diseases. 
U tablici 2 prikazani su podaci o danima privremene nesposobnosti za rad, odnosno izostancima s posla, zbog ozljede na radu ili profesionalne bolesti.
It follows that sick leave due to accidents at work and occupational diseases lasts longer on average. 
Dakle, bolovanja zbog ozljede na radu ili profesionalne bolesti u prosjeku traju duže.
Daily average of absent employees 
Dnevni prosjek broja odsutnih zaposlenika
Average days of absence 
Prosječni broj dana
The CHIF' business reports do not provide data on expenditures for health protection in the cases of work-related accidents and diseases by expenditure items. 
Podaci o rashodima za zdravstvenu zaštitu za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti nisu u Izvješćima o poslovanju HZZO-a raspoloživi po pojedinim stavkama rashoda.
CHIF expenditures for health protection in the cases of work-related accidents and diseases (in million HRK) 
Izdaci HZZO-a za zdravstvenu zaštitu za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti (u mil. kn)
After the 2012 audit of the CHIF relating to the contribution for occupational health protection, carried out by the State Audit Office, the following conclusion was reached: „Given the obligation to pay the contributions and purposes for spending the collected contribution revenues, regulated by the Contribution Act and Compulsory Insurance Act and determined in the CHIF's financial plan and state budget, and given that the contributions paid for 2011 and 2012 considerably exceeded the expenditures financed therefrom, the State Audit Office suggests, in agreement with the Ministry of Health, reviewing the rate of insurance contribution for accidents at work and occupational diseases. 
Nakon obavljene financijske revizije HZZO-a za 2012., u vezi s doprinosom za zaštitu zdravlja na radu, Državni ured za reviziju je zaključio: „S obzirom da su odredbama Zakona o doprinosima i Zakona o obveznom osiguranju, te financijskim planom HZZO-a i državnim proračunom određene obveze za uplatu doprinosa i namjene za trošenje tako prikupljenih doprinosa, te da su uplaćeni doprinosi za 2011. i 2012. znatno veći od rashoda koji se financiraju navedenim doprinosima, Državni ured za reviziju predlaže u dogovoru s Ministarstvom zdravlja preispitati visinu stope doprinosa za slučaj ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti.
It is ordered that expenditures be executed in accordance with the purposes and activities laid down in the Budget Act” (SAO, 2013, p. 20). 
Nalaže se rashode izvršavati prema namjenama i aktivnostima u skladu s odredbama Zakona o proračunu” (DUR, 2013: 20).
Graph 7 shows the gap between the CHIF's revenues from and expenditures for occupational health protection. 
Na grafikonu 7 prikazana je razlika prihoda i rashoda HZZO-a za zaštitu zdravlja na radu.
The expenditures include salary compensation for temporary work inability caused by recognised accidents at work or occupational diseases and the CHIF's expenditures for health protection in the cases of work-related accidents and diseases. 
Rashodi uključuju naknade plaće zbog privremene nesposobnosti za rad zbog priznate ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti i izdatke HZZO-a za zdravstvenu zaštitu za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti.
As already mentioned, the amount of administrative expenditures for occupational health protection is unknown, because these costs are included in total administrative expenditures. 
Kao što je ranije spomenuto, nije poznat iznos administrativnih troškova za zaštitu zdravlja na radu, odnosno, oni se evidentiraju u sklopu sveukupnih troškova administracije.
Moreover, according to the information provided by the CHIF upon an Access to Information Request, expenses related to work injuries and occupational diseases, incurred from the occurrence of the relevant event to the recognition of the right arising from a reported accident or disease (and this is when the expenses reach their peak), are not recorded as occupational health protection expenses, but are included in the general health protection expenditures within the basic health insurance. 
Osim toga, prema podacima dobivenim od HZZO-a temeljem Zahtjeva za pristup informacijama, od nastanka ozljede na radu odnosno profesionalne bolesti do trenutka priznavanja prava osnovom prijavljene ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti, u vrijeme kada su troškovi uslijed ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti najviši, oni se ne evidentiraju kao troškovi zaštite zdravlja na radu već ostaju integrirani u sveukupnim troškovima zdravstvene zaštite osnovnog zdravstvenog osiguranja.
This is also how they are presented in the annual reports of the CHIF which currently has inadequate technical capacity to mark the occupational health protection expenses separately. 
Tako su i prikazani u Godišnjim izvješćima HZZO-a, koji trenutno nema dovoljne tehničke mogućnosti označavanja troškova zaštite zdravlja na radu.
In 2014, the average period from the receipt of a report to the recognition of the right was 37 days. 
U 2014. je prosječno trajanje od zaprimanja prijave do priznavanja bilo 37 dana.
Some reports of work injuries are simple and can be recognised almost immediately, by certifying the report, whereas others are more complex, e.g. when there are inconsistencies in the statements of injured person, witnesses and the employer, as well as in the police report, or when legal proceedings or Labour Inspectorate investigation are pending, etc. Reports of occupational diseases include special medical diagnostic and evaluation procedures, harmonisation of medical opinions concerning the diagnoses, etc. Also, according to the CHIA, accidents at work and occupational diseases can be reported even three years after their occurrence and all costs incurred during that period are borne by the compulsory (basic) health insurance. 
Neke su prijave ozljede na radu jednostavne i mogu se priznati ”odmah”, ovjerom na prijavi, a druge su kompleksnije ako se, primjerice, razlikuju izjave ozlijeđene osobe, svjedoka, poslodavca, zapisnik policije, zatim se čeka sudski postupak, očevidnik Inspektorata rada itd. Prijava profesionalne bolesti uključuje posebnu proceduru dijagnosticiranja, vještačenja, medicinskog usuglašavanja oko dijagnoze itd. Osim toga, prema ZOZO-u, ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti mogu se prijaviti i tri godine nakon nastanka, a za to vrijeme svi se troškovi evidentiraju na teret obveznog (osnovnog) zdravstvenog osiguranja.
Revenue-expenditure gap 
Razlika prihoda i rashoda
By contrast, salary compensation for temporary inability to work caused by a recognized accident at work or an occupational disease, as well as expenditures for occupational health protection are shown separately under 'expenditures'. 
Istovremeno, naknade plaće zbog privremene nesposobnosti za rad zbog priznate ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti, kao i izdaci za zdravstvenu zaštitu na radu, u rashodima su iskazani zasebno.
At first glance, it appears that the revenues from occupational health protection contributions payable by employers considerably exceed the relevant expenditures. 
Na prvi se pogled može činiti kako prihodi od doprinosa za zaštitu zdravlja na radu, koji tereti poslodavce, znatno premašuju rashode u tu svrhu.
However, given inaccuracies in the data on health protection expenditures in the cases of work-related accidents and diseases (because the expenditures are covered from compulsory health insurance until the recognition of the right), further specific analyses are necessary to establish the actual amount of the CHIF's occupational health protection expenditures. 
Međutim, budući da su podaci o izdacima za zdravstvenu zaštitu za ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti neprecizno evidentirani jer sve do trenutka priznavanja terete obvezno osnovno osiguranje bez dodatnih specifičnih analiza nije moguće reći koliki su doista rashodi HZZO-a za zaštitu zdravlja na radu.
Therefore, the CHIF should capture the total costs of health protection at the time of their occurrence. 
Stoga bi HZZO trebao obuhvatiti sveukupne troškove zdravstvene zaštite u trenutku nastanka.
The CHIF should urgently set up a separate business fund for health insurance in the cases of workrelated accidents and diseases (which should have already been in place, according to the CHIA and the Fund's Statute). 
HZZO mora hitno ustrojiti zaseban poslovni fond za zdravstveno osiguranje za slučaj ozljede na radu i profesionalne bolesti, koji bi prema ZOZO-u i vlastitom Statutu već trebao imati.
The following measures should be taken: 
Potrebno je poduzeti sljedeće mjere:
• The health protection costs should be charged to the Occupational Health Protection Fund as soon as a person reports that an accident at work or occupational disease has occurred; 
• troškove zdravstvene zaštite odmah teretiti na fond Zaštite zdravlja na radu, čim je osoba izjavila da se radi o ozljedi na radu ili profesionalnoj bolesti;
• A methodology should be developed for booking/debiting material costs, e.g. as a percent of total costs; 
• pripremiti metodologiju knjiženja/terećenja za materijalne troškove, primjerice u postotku od ukupnih;
• Following the above measures, the contribution rate for occupational health protection should be reviewed; 
• nakon prethodnih mjera preispitati visinu stope doprinosa za zaštitu zdravlja na radu;