natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
been observed is the particular validity of the compensation hypothesis to the detriment of the efficiency hypothesis (not one of the estimated coefficients for the public outlays has been characterized by a negative sign). 
Alternativno, ti bi se rezultati mogli protumačiti kao dokaz da trgovinska otvorenost nije glavna sila koja uzrokuje rast svih javnih rashoda, no ipak utječe na veličinu određenih vrsta potrošnje (ukupni rashodi kao udio u BDP-u, ostali tekući rashodi i subvencije).
Interestingly, these results combine the expected evidence from the works of Rodrik 
Zanimljivo je da ti rezultati na primjeru Portugala kombiniraju očekivane dokaze iz
(1997) and the challenger Garrett (2001) for a national case. 
radova Rodrika (1997) i njegova oponenta Garretta (2001).
Besides a long-term relation between (some) public expenditures and trade openness, there may appear short-term relations between them. 
Osim dugoročne veze između (nekih) javnih rashoda i trgovinske otvorenosti, postoji i kratkoročna veza među njima.
“Wagner's law of expanding state activiy”. 
“Wagner's law of expanding state activity”.
Democracy in deficit: the political legacy of Lord Keynes. 
Democracy in deficit: the political legacy of
„The Expansion of the Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis“. 
The impact of parties: politics and policies in democratic ca
Comissão Nacional de Eleições - CNE (several years). 
“Determining the Order of Differencing in AR
DGO - Direcção Geral do Orçamento (several years). 
Direcção Geral do Orçamento - DGO (several years).
An Economic Theory of Democracy. 
“Has Globalization Really Had No Effect on Unions?”
“Has Globalization Really Had No Effect on Unions?” 
“The Influence of Globalization on Taxes and Social Policy - an
“Co-integration and Error correction: representat ion,estimation and testing”. 
“Co-integration and Error correction: representation, estimation and testing”.
University of Nottingham School of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 98/10. 
of Nottingham School of Economics Discussion Paper, No. 98/10.
“The Causes of Welfare State Expansion: Desindustrialization or Globalization?”. 
“The Causes of Welfare State Expansion: Deindustrialization or Globalization?”.
Real Current Exp. (log) 
realni tekući rashodi (log)
LCORR-LDDESP 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years); 
LCORR-LDDESP 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina);
Real Public Consumption (log) 
realna javna potrošnja (log)
LCPUB-LDCPU 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LCPUB-LDCPU 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Remunerações reais (log) 
realne plaće (log)
LREM-LDCPU 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LREM-LDCPU 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Other real Current Exp. (log) 
ostali realni tekući rashodi (log)
LODC-LDCPU 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LODC-LDCPU 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Real Exp. On Interests payments (log) 
realni rashodi za plaćanje kamata (log)
LJUR-LDCPRIV 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LJUR-LDCPRIV 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Real Subsidies (log) 
realne subvencije (log)
LSUBS-LDDESP 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LSUBS-LDDESP 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Real Current Transfers (log) 
realni tekući transferi (log)
1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Real Capital Exp. (log) 
realni kapitalni rashodi (log)
LCAP-LDDESP 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LCAP-LDDESP 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Gross Fixed-Capital Formation and Acquisition of Lands (log) 
bruto formacija fiksnog kapitala i kupovina zemljišta (log)
LFBCF-LDDESP 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LFBCF-LDDESP 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Real Capital Transfers (log) 
realni kapitalni transferi (log)
Aggregate real Public Exp. (log) 
agregatni realni javni rashodi (log)
LDESPT-LDDESP 1947 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 a 2002: CGE (several years) 
LDESPT-LDDESP 1947 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 1996 - 2002: CGE (više godina)
Number of Unemployed (log) 
broj nezaposlenih (log)
Real GDP (log) 
realni BDP (log)
LPIB-LDPIB 1947 a 1953: Andrade (2000); 1954 a 1995: Pinheiro (1997); 
LPIB-LDPIB 1947 - 1953: Andrade (2000); 1954 - 1995: Pinheiro (1997);
Aggregate Public Revenues (log) 
agregatni javni prihodi (log)
Number of Public Employees (log) 
broj zaposlenih u javnom sektoru (log)
Trade Openness (log) 
trgovinska otvorenost (log)
Positive (compensation hyp.) / Negative (efficiency hyp.) 
pozitivan (kompenzacijska hip.) / negativan (hip. učinkovitosti)
Proportion between the direct and the indirect taxes (log) 
omjer izravnih i neizravnih poreza (log)
Proportion between the local and the total public revenues (log) 
omjer lokalnih i ukupnih javnih prihoda (log) LLOC
Proportion of Portuguese residents older than 65 years (log) 
omjer portugalskih građana starijih od 65 godina (log)
Municipal electoral years (dummy) 
godine okružnih izbora (dummy)
Parliamentary electoral years (dummy) 
godine parlamentarnih izbora (dummy)
Years characterized by a parliamentary majority of “left” parties (dummy) 
godine karakterizrane ljevičarskom većinom u parlamentu (dummy)
Note: LDPIB - (log) Deflator of the Gross National Product; LDCPRIV - (log) Deflator of the Private Consumption; LDCPU - (log) Deflator of the Public Consumption; LDDESP - (log) Deflator of the Public Expenditures. 
Legenda: LDPIB - (log) deflator BNP-a; LDCPRIV - (log) deflator privatne potrošnje; LDCPU - (log) deflator javne potrošnje; LDDESP - (log) deflator javnih rashoda.
Sources of LDPIB, LDCPRIV and LDCPU - between 1947 and 1955, respectively, Valério et al. (1989), Neves (1996) and Pinheiro (1997), between 1956 and 1995, Pinheiro (1997) for all the deflators, and between 1996 and 2002, the Ministry of the Economy (GEE department) also for all. 
Izvori za LDPIB, LDCPRIV i LDCPU: od 1947. do 1955. redom: Valério et al. (1989), Neves (1996) i Pinheiro (1997); od 1956. do 1995: Pinheiro (1997) za sve deflatore; od 1996. do 2002: Ministarstvo financija (GEE odjel), također za sve deflatore.
LDDESP is the result of a construction a la Paasche, following Beck (1981). 
LDDESP je rezultat konstrukcije a la Paasche, prema Becku (1981).
Notes: significance levels 10%(*), 5%(**) and 1%(***). 
Bilješke: razine signifikantnosti 10%(*), 5%(**) i 1%(***).
In the second column d = x identifies the x-th difference of the series. 
U drugom stupcu d = x određuje x-ti diferencijal serije.
Between parantheses, the preferred number of lags according to the Schwartz Criteria, in the ADF tests (Inter - with Interception, Inter/Trend - with Interception and Trend), or according to Ng and Penon (2001) in the DF-GLS and Leybourne-McCabe (1994) tests. 
U zagradama je naveden najprikladniji broj lagova prema Schwartzovim kriterijima, u ADF testovima (Inter - s odsječak, Inter/Trend - s odsječkom i trendom), ili prema Ng i Penon (2001) u DF-GLS i Leybourne-McCabe (1994) testovima.
Source: Author's computation on the basis of the sources in Table D1. 
Izvor: autorov izračun na temelju izvora tablice D1.
Leybourne-McCabe (1994) Interception Interception and Trend Interception Interception and Trend 
Leybourne-McCabe (1994) Interception Interseption and trend Interception Interception and trend
Between parentheses, below the estimated coefficients, the standard errors are exhibited. 
U zagradama, ispod procijenjenih koeficijenata, nalaze se standardne pogreške.
The basic goal of the project was to research into future mid-term and long-term perspective of the incitement system of housing savings in Croatia through analyses of various scenarios and calculate the potential fiscal effects of future business of housing savings. 
Temeljni je cilj projekta bio istražiti buduću srednjoročnu i dugoročnu perspektivu sustava državno poticane stambene štednje u RH analizama različitih scenarija te izračunati potencijalne fiskalne učinke budućeg poslovanja stambenih štedionica kao i mogućnosti povezivanja sustava stambene štednje s vladinim politikama poticanja energetske učinkovitosti.
The project thoroughly analysed three various scenarios and quantify the effects of potential net benefits or costs for Croatian state budget. 
U projektu su se detaljno analizirala tri različita scenarija i kvantificirali učinci potencijalnih neto koristi ili troškova za hrvatski državni proračun.
The first scenario represents the analysis of net fiscal effects of the housing savings system in case of increase in number of savers and number of loan users in mid-term period. 
Prvi scenarij predstavljao je analizu neto fiskalnih učinaka sustava stambene štednje u slučaju povećanja broja štediša i broja korisnika kredita u srednjoročnom razdoblju.
The second scenario dealt with the detailed analysis of the sensitivity of the system of housing savings relating to the amount of state incentives and assessment of fiscal effects of the incentives increase for long-term savings for up to 10 years. 
Drugi scenarij bavio se detaljnijom analizom osjetljivosti sustava stambene štednje u odnosu na iznos državnih poticajnih sredstava te procjenom fiskalnih učinaka povećanja DPS-a za dugoročnu štednju do 10 godina.
topics of debate in transition countries. 
jih tema u javnim raspravama u tranzicijskim zemljama.
At the first level discussions were waged concerning the material position of the pensioners and the sustainability of the system; at the level of principle about the manner of financing pensions, dilemmas concerning private and public and the interaction between capitalised retirement savings and the financial markets. 
Na prvoj razini rasprave su voðene o materijalnom polo aju umirovljenika i odr ivosti sustava; na naèelnoj razini o naèinu financiranja mirovinskih potreba, dilemama privatno/javno i interakciji izmeðu kapitalizirane mirovinske štednje i financijskih tr išta.
Paradoxically, in all these discussions, one of the key elements in the working of the system was hardly mentioned: the collection of pensions contributions, the effectiveness of the competent institutions in the process and, particularly, lost revenues because of irregular and incomplete payment of contributions. 
Paradoksalno, u svim tim diskusijama gotovo se i nije spominjao jedan od kljuènih elemenata u djelovanju sustava: prikupljanje mirovinskih doprinosa, uèinkovitost nadle nih institucija u tom procesu i, posebno, izgubljeni prihodi zbog neurednoga ili nepotpunog plaæanja doprinosa.
The book under view has endeavoured to fill up this gap. 
Knjiga koju predstavljamo nastoji popuniti tu prazninu.
It gives comparative sur 
U njoj se donose usporedni
veys of the systems for collecting, administering and controlling the payments of pensions contributions in several transition countries. 
prikazi sustava prikupljanja, administriranja i kontrole uplata mirovinskih doprinosa u više tranzicijskih zemalja.
On the basis of the analysis carried out, the identification of the problems and the proposals for measures for their obviation, the book attempts to spot problems that exist in all the transition countries and to recommend universally applicable measures with which to improve the mechanism for the collection of retirement contributions. 
Na temelju provedene analize, identificiranja problema i prijedloga mjera za njihovo uklanjanje u svakoj promatranoj zemlji, u knjizi se pokušavaju uoèiti problemi koji postoje u svim tranzicijskim zemljama i preporuèiti univerzalno primjenjive mjere koje bi mogle poboljšati mehanizam naplate mirovinskih doprinosa.
The book consists of seven chapters. 
Knjiga se sastoji od sedam poglavlja.
Chapters 3 - 7 are devoted to an analysis of 
Poglavlja 3-7. posveæena su analizi stanja u pet
the situation in the five countries under consideration: Croatia (Predrag Bejakoviæ), Hungary (Levente L. 
promatranih zemalja: Hrvatskoj (Predrag Bejakoviæ), Maðarskoj (Levente L.
Máté), Poland (Agnieszka Chloñ-Domiñczak), Romania (Christian Toma) and Slovenia (Karmen Vezjak, Tine Stanovnik ). 
Máté), Poljskoj (Agnieszka Chloñ-Domiñczak), Rumunjskoj (Christian Toma) i Sloveniji (Karmen Vezjak, Tine Stanovnik).
The specific features observed are described and the common characteristics and problems are noted, as well as measures for solving them. 
Opisuju se primijeæene specifiènosti i uoèavaju zajednièke znaèajke i problemi te se predla u mjere za njihovo uklanjanje.
The surveys of the systems for the collection of pensions contributions in the indi 
Prikazi sustava prikupljanja mirovinskih doprinosa u pojedinim zemljama struktu
vidual countries are identically structured - the minor divergences are the consequence of the specific features of each individual pensions scheme and of the competent insti 
rirani su identièno - manja su odstupanja posljedica specifiènosti svake pojedine mirovinske sheme i nadle nih institucija.
Direct comparisons are not always possible without taking into consideration the specificities of the systems in the separate countries. 
Direktne usporedbe nisu uvijek moguæe bez uzimanja u obzir specifiènosti sustava u svakoj promatranoj zemlji.
Still, the measures for the improvement of the process of collection, such as: 
Ipak, mjere za poboljšanje procesa naplate doprinosa, npr. za:
• for the restructuring of the major sectors in state ownership, such as health care, 
• restrukturiranje velikih sektora u dr avnom vlasništvu, poput zdravstvene zaštite,
• for team building in the competent institutions by education, training and person 
• za ekipiranje mjerodavnih institucija educiranim, treniranim i motiviranim osob
• for stepping up control of small companies that often do not register all their 
• za pojaèanje kontrole malih kompanija koje èesto ne registriraju sve svoje zapo
employees or perhaps pay contributions on a base lower than the real base, 
slenike ili pak plaæaju doprinose na ni e osnovice od stvarnih,
• for removal or at least minimisation of interference in the system for the sake of 
• za uklanjanje ili barem minimiziranje intervencija u sustav radi dnevnopolitièkih
They are all of them measures that are recommended in Poland, Romania, Hungary and Slovenia. 
To su, redom, mjere koje se (uz ostale) preporuèuju u Poljskoj, Rumunjskoj, Maðarskoj i Sloveniji.
This shows that some common problems and recommendations that might be able to improve the situation can be identified and applied in all the transition countries. 
To pokazuje da se neki zajednièki problemi i preporuke kojima bi se mogao unaprijediti sustav mogu prepoznati/primijeniti u svim tranzicijskim zemljama.
And at the same time this enables a synthesis to be made of all the observations in the 
Ujedno, time je omoguæena sinteza svih zapa anja u pojedinim zemljama na naèelnoj razini.
In particular, there is an attempt to rate the success of the countries from the point of view of effectiveness in collecting pensions contributions. 
Posebno se pokušava rangirati uspješnost promatranih zemalja u smislu efikasnosti prikupljanja mirovinskih doprinosa.
Interestingly enough, according to one of the methods employed (contributions collection efficiency being expressed in terms of GDP) Croatia occupies the number one position. 
Zanimljivo je da se po jednoj od primijenjenih metoda (koja efikasnost prikupljanja doprinosa iskazuje u odnosu na BDP) Hrvatska nalazi na prvome mjestu meðu promatranim zemljama.
Still, as the author of the Croatian chapter Predrag Bejakovic and the editors state, this figure needs to be taken with a grain of salt since official estimates of GDP in Croatia are probably lower than the real amount. 
Ipak, kako istièe i autor hrvatskog priloga Predrag Bejakoviæ i urednici, taj podatak treba uzeti s rezervom jer su slubene procjene BDP-a u Hrvatskoj vjerojatno nie od stvarnog iznosa.
Instead of enumerating these guidelines, we would rather invite the readers to take up this valuable book themselves, and to become acquainted with its results. 
Umjesto nabrajanja tih smjernica, èitatelje radije pozivamo da sami posegnu za ovom vrijednom knjigom i upoznaju se s njezinim rezultatima.
An analysis of the guidelines stated, their adjustment, elaboration, a plan for operation and application are a task for the competent institutions, for researchers and for the discipline. 
Analiza navedenih smjernica, njihova prilagodba, razrada, plan operacionalizacije i primjena zadaæa su nadle nih institucija, istra ivaèa i struène javnosti.
We can recommend this book very warmly to them. 
Svima njima ovu knjigu toplo preporuèujemo.
Government and government finance in Croatia - a clean start or a clean stop? 
Vlada i državne financijeclean start ili clean stop
On January 8, 2013, the Government published preliminary results of the Clean Start project "A situation analysis of government bodies and state companies with a concept of improving management efficiency“ 
Vlada je 8. siječnja 2013. objavila preliminarne rezultate projekta Clean start „Analize postojećeg stanja u državnim tijelima i trgovačkim društvima s konceptom poboljšanja efikasnosti upravljanja“
1. Three consulting firms and a public scientific research institution 
1. Na projektu su radile tri konzultantske i jedna javna znanstveno
The preliminary report results suggest that, in the short run, the Government should improve the asset and liability records of state and public enterprises, activate the public debt management and financial management in budgetary users and state-owned companies. 
Preliminarni rezultati izvještaja ukazuju da Vlada u kratkom roku treba unaprijediti evidenciju imovine i obveza države i javnih poduzeća, aktivirati upravljanje javnim dugom, a kod proračunskih korisnika i trgovačkih društava u vlasništvu države aktivirati financijsko upravljanje.
The Clean Start project is divided into four thematic areas. 
Clean start podijeljen je u četiri tematske cjeline.
Clean Start A largely focuses on the analysis of liabilities in the health care, pension insurance and employment systems (the Croatian Health Insurance Institute, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Social Policy and Youth, Croatian Pension Insurance Agency and Croatian Employment Agency). 
Clean start A većim dijelom bavi se analizom obveza u sustavu zdravstva, mirovinskoga osiguranja i zapošljavanja (Hrvatski zavod za zdravstveno osiguranje, Ministarstvo zdravlja, Ministarstvo socijalne politike i mladih, Hrvatski zavod za mirovinsko osiguranje i Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje).
The bulk of the analysis deals with the issue of assets, especially the amount and structure of liabilities within the health care system, with high offbalance sheet liabilities (which are specific, as in public companies). 
Veći dio analize usmjerio se na pitanje imovine, a naročito na visinu i strukturu obveza u sustavu zdravstva u kojima su prepoznate visoke izvanbilančne obaveze (koje nisu samo specifične u sustavu zdravstva nego i u javnim poduzećima).
Clean Start B analyses the business operations of the Croatian Radio Television, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, ECroatia Directorate, Central State Office for State Property Management, Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund and Croatian Mine Action Centre. 
Clean start B analizira poslovanje Hrvatske radio televizije, Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i sporta, Uprave za E-Hrvatsku, Državnog ureda za upravljanje državnom imovinom, Fonda za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost i Hrvatskog centra za razminiranje.
This includes the analysis of expenditures and investigation of saving potentials. 
Analizirani su rashodi i detektirane mogućnosti ušteda.
Most of the findings are almost identical to the results of previously conducted commercial and state audits. 
Većina nalaza gotovo je identična prethodnim nalazima komercijalnih i državnih revizija.
Clean Start C covers a wide range of topics, from the visions, missions and goals, the organisation, number and structure of employees and budget execution to the economic policy assessment through the finance, economy and agriculture ministries. 
Clean start C analizira široki raspon tema od vizija, misija i ciljeva, preko organizacije, broja i strukture zaposlenih, izvršavanja proračuna do ocjena ekonomske politike rađene posredstvom ministarstava financija, gospodarstva i poljoprivrede.
A similar analysis was made of public enterprises: Croatian Electric Utility Company (HEP), Croatian Water Management Company and Croatian Forest Management Company. 
Ista analiza obavljena je i na primjeru javnih poduzeća Hrvatske elektroprivrede, Hrvatskih voda i Hrvatskih šuma.
Clean Start D focuses on the analysis of the Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure, and, particularly, on 22 public companies, some of which have been subject to annual audits by the authors of the Clean Start project. 
U Clean start D fokus je na analizi Ministarstva mora prometa i infrastrukture, a posebice javnih društava (22) za neka od kojih su autori Clean starta obavljali godišnju reviziju.
The Clean Start analyses were not based on any previously agreed methodology. 
U analizama Clean starta nije postojala unaprijed dogovorena metodologija rada.
The methods used were freely chosen and included credit analyses, financial statement analyses, interviews and the use of results of analyses from primary and secondary scientific and professional publications. 
Korištene su metode po vlastitom odabiru i to od kreditne analize, analize financijskih izvještaja, intervjua do korištenja rezultata iz analiza primarnih i sekundarnih znanstvenih i stručnih publikacija.
A situation analysis of government bodies and state companies with a concept of improving management efficiency. 
Analize postojećeg stanja u državnim tijelima i trgovačkim društvima s konceptom poboljšanja efikasnosti upravljanja.
Based on the current Clean Start analyses and previous studies of the Institute of Public Finance, below we give a summary of lessons learned, the main measures, findings and recommendations aimed at consolidation and improving the government finance management in Croatia. 
Temeljem postojećih analiza iz Clean starta i prethodnih analiza Instituta za javne financije, u nastavku se pruža sažetak pouka, glavnih mjera, nalaza i preporuka usmjerenih na konsolidaciju i poboljšanje upravljanja državnim financijama u Hrvatskoj.
The annual statements of competent ministries. 
Godišnji izvještaji mjerodavnih ministarstava.
The annual statement of each ministry should contain an "inventory" of assets and liabilities, but also a list of employees and material costs, as well as an explanation of all activities carried out during the year in accordance with the ministry's mission, goals and development strategies. 
U godišnjem izvještaju svako mjerodavno ministarstvo trebalo bi napraviti „inventuru“ imovine i obveze, ali i popisati djelatnike, materijalne troškove, te objasniti sve aktivnosti tijekom godine, usklađene s njihovom misijom, ciljevima i strategijom razvoja.
These reports should also cover the operations of public companies under the jurisdiction of each competent ministry. 
U tim izvješćima treba obuhvatiti i poslovanje javnih društava koja su u mjerodavnosti ministarstva.
Thus, for example, the Annual Statement of the Ministry of Economy should contain not only a comparison between planned and achieved goals and activities, but also an analysis of the 17 companies in majority state ownership). 
(Npr. Godišnji izvještaj Ministarstva gospodarstva - pored usporedbe planiranih i ostvarenih ciljeva i aktivnosti - treba sadržavati i analizu 17 društva u većinskom vlasništvu države).
Instead of dealing with revenues and expenditures, the Government and ministries should focus on assets and liabilities. 
Umjesto bavljenja prihodima i rashodima Vlada i mjerodavna ministarstva trebaju se baviti imovinom i obvezama.