natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
– encouraging the development of youth exchanges and of exchanges of socio-educational instructors, 
– poticanje razvoja razmjene mladih i razmjene društveno-pedagoških radnika,
– encouraging the development of distance education. 
– poticanje razvoja obrazovanja na daljinu.
– acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 251, after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, shall adopt incentive measures, excluding any harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the Member States, 
– odlučujući sukladno postupku iz članka 251. i nakon savjetovanja s Gospodarskim i socijalnim odborom te Odborom regija, donosi poticajne mjere, pri čemu je isključeno bilo kakvo usklađivanje zakona i drugih propisa država članica,
– acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, shall adopt recommendations.’ 
– na prijedlog Komisije donosi preporuke, odlučujući kvalificiranom većinom.”
6 Council Directive 90/364/EEC of 28 June 1990 on the right of residence (OJ 1990 L 180, p. 26) provides in Article 1(1) that the Member States are to grant the right of residence to nationals of Member States who do not enjoy this right under other provisions of Community law and to members of their families, provided that they themselves and the members of their families are covered by sickness insurance in respect of all risks in the host Member State and have sufficient resources to avoid becoming a burden on that State’s social assistance system during their period of residence. 
6 Direktivom Vijeća 90/364/EEZ od 28. lipnja 1990. o pravu boravka (SL L 180, str. 26.) u članku 1. stavku 1. predviđeno je da države članice odobravaju pravo boravka državljanima država članica koji to pravo ne ostvaruju na temelju drugih odredaba prava Zajednice i članovima njihovih obitelji, pod uvjetom da su oni sami i članovi njihovih obitelji zdravstveno osigurani u pogledu svih rizika u državi članici domaćinu i da imaju dostatna sredstva da ne postanu teret sustavu socijalne pomoći te države tijekom svojeg boravka.
‘… in the present state of Community law, as established by the case-law of the Court of Justice, assistance granted to students, does not fall within the scope of the [EEC] Treaty within the meaning of Article 7 thereof [later Article 6 of the EC Treaty, now, after amendment, Article 12 EC]’. 
„[…] u sadašnjem stanju prava Zajednice, kako je uspostavljeno sudskom praksom Suda, financijska pomoć koja se dodjeljuje studentima ne ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora [o EEZ-u] u smislu njegovog članka 7. [koji je postao članak 6. Ugovora o EZ-u, koji je nakon izmjene postao članak 12. UEZ-a]”. [neslužbeni prijevod]
‘In order to lay down conditions to facilitate the exercise of the right of residence and with a view to guaranteeing access to vocational training in a non-discriminatory manner for a national of a Member State who has been accepted to attend a vocational training course in another Member State, the Member States shall recognise the right of residence for any student who is a national of a Member State and who does not enjoy that right under other provisions of Community law, and for the student’s spouse and their dependent children, where the student assures the relevant national authority, by means of a declaration or by such alternative means as the student may choose that are at least equivalent, that he has sufficient resources to avoid becoming a burden on the social assistance system of the host Member State during their period of residence, provided that the student is enrolled in a recognised educational establishment for the principal purpose of following a vocational training course there and that he is covered by sickness insurance in respect of all risks in the host Member State.’ 
„Kako bi se utvrdili uvjeti za lakše ostvarivanje prava boravka i zajamčio pristup strukovnom osposobljavanju bez diskriminacije za državljanina države članice koji je primljen na strukovno osposobljavanje u drugoj državi članici, države članice priznaju pravo boravka svakom studentu koji je državljanin države članice i koji to pravo ne ostvaruje na temelju drugih odredaba prava Zajednice te bračnom drugu studenta i njihovoj uzdržavanoj djeci ako student izjavom ili drugim sredstvom po izboru studenta koje je barem jednakovrijedno zajamči relevantnom nadležnom tijelu da ima dostatna sredstava da ne postanu teret sustavu socijalne pomoći države članice domaćina tijekom svojeg boravka, pod uvjetom da je student upisan u priznatu obrazovnu ustanovu s glavnim ciljem strukovnog osposobljavanja i da je zdravstveno osiguran u pogledu svih rizika u državi članici domaćinu.” [neslužbeni prijevod]
10 Article 3 of that directive provides: 
10 Člankom 3. te direktive predviđeno je:
‘This Directive shall not establish any entitlement to the payment of maintenance grants by the host Member State on the part of students benefiting from the right of residence.’ 
„Ovom Direktivom studenti koji ostvaruju pravo boravka ne stječu nikakvo pravo da im država članica domaćin isplaćuje financijsku pomoć namijenjenu podmirivanju troškova života.” [neslužbeni prijevod]
12 In England and Wales, financial assistance for students to cover maintenance costs is, under the Education (Student Support) Regulations 2001 (‘the Student Support Regulations’), provided essentially by means of loans. 
12 U Engleskoj i Walesu financijska pomoć studentima namijenjena podmirivanju troškova života u skladu s Education (Student Support) Regulations 2001 (propis iz 2001. o obrazovanju (financijska potpora studentima), u daljnjem tekstu: Student Support Regulations) predviđena je u osnovi u obliku zajmova.
13 Under the Student Support Regulations, students who are recipients of a loan receive 75% of the maximum amount of the loan, while the remaining 25% is granted on the basis of the financial position of the student and of his parents or partner. The loan is provided at an interest rate which is linked to the rate of inflation and is therefore below the normal rate for a commercial loan. The loan is repayable after the student completes his studies, provided that he is earning in excess of GBP 10 000. If that is the case, he pays an annual amount equivalent to 9% of the income earned above GBP 10 000, until the loan is repaid in full. 
13 Studenti koji u skladu sa Student Support Regulations imaju pravo na zajam dobivaju 75 % maksimalnog iznosa zajma, dok se preostalih 25 % dodjeljuje na temelju financijskog položaja studenta i njegovih roditelja ili partnera. Za zajam je predviđena kamatna stopa koja je povezana sa stopom inflacije i stoga je manja od uobičajene kamatne stope za komercijalni zajam. Student vraća zajam nakon završetka studija, pod uvjetom da ostvaruje dohodak veći od 10 000 GBP. U tom slučaju svake godine plaća iznos jednak 9 % ostvarenog dohotka iznad 10 000 GBP sve dok zajam ne otplati u cijelosti.
14 Under regulation 4 of the Student Support Regulations, a person is eligible for a student loan for a designated course if he falls within one of the situations mentioned in Schedule 1 to those regulations. 
14 U skladu s člankom 4. Student Support Regulations, osoba ima pravo na studentski zajam za određeni program ako njezina situacija odgovara jednoj od situacija navedenih u Prilogu 1. (Schedule 1) Student Support Regulations.
"(a) he is ordinarily resident in England and Wales on the first day of the first academic year of the course;" 
"(a) prvog dana prve akademske godine programa ima uobičajeno boravište u Engleskoj i Walesu;"
"(b) he has been ordinarily resident throughout the three-year period preceding that day in the United Kingdom and Islands; and" 
(b) u razdoblju od tri godine prije navedenog dana imao je uobičajeno boravište u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini ili na Otocima i
19 As regards tuition fees, the Student Support Regulations provide for financial support on the same conditions for nationals of the United Kingdom and those of other Member States. 
19 U pogledu školarina, Student Support Regulations predviđa financijsku potporu pod istim uvjetima za državljane Ujedinjene Kraljevine kao i državljane drugih država članica.
20 In August 1998 Mr Bidar, a French national, entered the territory of the United Kingdom, accompanying his mother who was to undergo medical treatment there. It is common ground that in the United Kingdom he lived with his grandmother, as her dependant, and pursued and completed his secondary education without ever having recourse to social assistance. 
20 D. Bidar, francuski državljanin, je u kolovozu 1998. ušao na državno područje Ujedinjene Kraljevine u pratnji svoje majke koja je tamo išla na liječenje. Nije sporno da je u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini živio kod svoje bake koja ga je uzdržavala i da je pohađao i zatim završio srednjoškolsko obrazovanja a da pri tome nije zatražio socijalnu pomoć.
23 In the proceedings brought by him against that refusal, Mr Bidar submits that, by making the grant of a student loan to a national of a Member State conditional on his being settled in the United Kingdom, the Student Support Regulations introduced discrimination prohibited under Article 12 EC. He submits, in the alternative, that, even if it were accepted that the provision of a grant falls outside the scope of the Treaty, that is not the case with an application for assistance in the form of a subsidised loan. 
23 U tužbi protiv te odluke o odbijanju tužitelj u glavnom postupku tvrdi da je, zbog toga što je dodjela studentskog zajma državljaninu države članice uvjetovana time da on mora biti nastanjen u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini, na temelju Student Support Regulations uvedena diskriminacija koja je zabranjena u skladu s člankom 12. UEZ-a. Podredno navodi da čak i kada bi bilo prihvaćeno da dodjela stipendije ne ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora, to nije slučaj sa zahtjevom za financijsku pomoć u obliku subvencioniranog zajma.
24 The Secretary of State for Education and Skills, who is the responsible authority for making the Student Support Regulations, contends, on the other hand, that the provision of assistance for maintenance costs, whether in the form of a grant or a loan, does not fall within the scope of Article 12 EC, as the Court acknowledged in Case 39/86 Lair [1988] ECR 3161 and Case 197/86 Brown [1988] ECR 3205. Even if such assistance were to fall within the scope of the Treaty, the conditions for granting that assistance would guarantee the existence of a direct link between the recipient of the assistance and the State which finances it. 
24 Suprotno tome, Secretary of State for Education and Skills, tijelo odgovorno za donošenje Student Support Regulations, navodi da dodjela financijske pomoći namijenjene podmirivanju troškova života, bez obzira je li u obliku stipendije ili zajma, ne ulazi u područje primjene članka 12. UEZ-a, kao što je Sud presudio u presudama od 21. lipnja 1988., Lair (39/86, Zb., str. 3161.) i Brown (197/86, Zb., str. 3205.). Čak i kada bi takva financijska pomoć ulazila u područje primjene Ugovora, uvjetima njezine dodjele bila bi zajamčena izravna povezanost primatelja pomoći s državom koja je financira.
25 The national court observes that student loans represent a cost to the State, because of the reduced rates of interest and possible problems with repayment, a cost which the Secretary of State for Education and Skills estimates at the equivalent of 50% of the amount of the loans. The average loan made to a student for the academic year 2000/01 is said to be GBP 3 155. If the 41 713 nationals of the European Union who studied in England and Wales during that year without being settled there had received student loans, the probable cost to the State would thus have been GBP 66 million. 
25 Sud koji je uputio zahtjev napominje da studentski zajmovi predstavljaju trošak za državu zbog nižih kamatnih stopa i mogućih problema s otplatom, pri čemu Secretary of State for Education and Skills procjenjuje da je taj trošak u visini 50 % iznosa zajmova. Prosječni zajam dodijeljen studentu za akademsku godinu 2000./2001. iznosi 3 155 GBP. Da je 41 713 državljana Europske unije koji su te godine studirali u Engleskoj i Walesu primilo studentski zajam a da pri tome nisu bili tamo nastanjeni, trošak za državu vjerojatno bi iznosio 66 milijuna GBP.
27 In those circumstances, the High Court of Justice of England and Wales, Queen’s Bench Division (Administrative Court), decided to stay the proceedings and refer the following questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling: 
27 U tim je okolnostima High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen’s Bench Division (Administrative Court), odlučio prekinuti postupak i uputiti Sudu sljedeća prethodna pitanja:
Whether, given the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Communities in … Lair … and … Brown … and developments in the law of the European Union, including the adoption of Article 18 EC and developments in relation to the competence of the European Union in the field of education, assistance with maintenance costs for students attending university courses, such assistance being given by way of either (a) subsidised loans or (b) grants, continues to fall outside the scope of the application of the EC Treaty for the purposes of Article 12 EC and the prohibition on discrimination on grounds of nationality? 
Je li u kontekstu presuda Suda Europskih zajednica od 21. lipnja 1988. u gore navedenim predmetima Lair i Brown, i razvoja prava Unije, uključujući donošenje članka 18. UEZ-a, kao i razvoja u vezi s nadležnošću Unije u području obrazovanja, financijska pomoć namijenjena podmirivanju troškova života studenata koji pohađaju sveučilišne programe, koja je odobrena u obliku a) subvencioniranih zajmova ili b) stipendija, i dalje izvan područja primjene Ugovora o EZ-u u smislu članka 12. UEZ-a i zabrane diskriminacije na temelju državljanstva?
3. If either part of question 1 is answered in the negative, whether Article 12 EC may be relied upon to claim entitlement to assistance with maintenance costs from a date prior to the date of the judgment of the Court of Justice in the present case and, if [not], whether an exception should be made for those who initiated legal proceedings before that date?’ 
3. Ako je odgovor na bilo koji dio prvog pitanja negativan, može li se pozivati na članak 12. UEZ-a kada se traži pravo na financijsku pomoć namijenjenu pokrivanju troškova života od datuma koji je prethodio datumu presude Suda u ovom slučaju i [ako ne], treba li napraviti iznimku za one koji su pokrenuli pravni postupak prije tog datuma?”
31 To assess the scope of application of the Treaty within the meaning of Article 12 EC, that article must be read in conjunction with the provisions of the Treaty on citizenship of the Union. Citizenship of the Union is destined to be the fundamental status of nationals of the Member States, enabling those who find themselves in the same situation to receive the same treatment in law irrespective of their nationality, subject to such exceptions as are expressly provided for (Case C-184/99 Grzelczyk [2001] ECR I-6193, paragraphs 30 and 31, and Case C-148/02 Garcia Avello [2003] ECR I-11613, paragraphs 22 and 23). 
31 Za ocjenjivanje područja primjene Ugovora u smislu članka 12. UEZ-a, taj članak valja tumačiti u vezi s odredbama Ugovora o građanstvu Unije. Status građanina Unije predodređen je da bude temeljni status državljana država članica, koji onima od tih državljana koji se nalaze u istoj situaciji omogućava da se, neovisno o njihovom državljanstvu i ne dovodeći u pitanje iznimke izričito predviđene s tim u vezi, prema njima jednako pravno postupa (presude od 20. rujna 2001., Grzelczyk, C-184/99, Zb., str. I-6193., t. 30. i 31., i od 2. listopada 2003., Garcia Avello, C-148/02, Zb., str. I-11613., t. 22. i 23.).
35 As is apparent from Case C-224/98 D’Hoop [2002] ECR I-6191, paragraphs 29 to 34, a national of a Member State who goes to another Member State and pursues secondary education there exercises the freedom to move guaranteed by Article 18 EC. 
35 Kao što proizlazi iz presude od 11. srpnja 2002., D’Hoop (C-224/98, Zb., str. I-6191., t. 29. do 34.), državljanin jedne države članice koji odlazi u drugu državu članicu da bi pohađao srednju školu, raspolaže svojim pravom na slobodno kretanje koje je zajamčeno člankom 18. UEZ-a.
38 It is true that the Court held in Lair and Brown (paragraphs 15 and 18 respectively) that ‘at the present stage of development of Community law assistance given to students for maintenance and for training falls in principle outside the scope of the EEC Treaty for the purposes of Article 7 thereof [later Article 6 of the EC Treaty, now, after amendment, Article 12 EC]’. In those judgments the Court considered that such assistance was, on the one hand, a matter of education policy, which was not as such included in the spheres entrusted to the Community institutions, and, on the other, a matter of social policy, which fell within the competence of the Member States in so far as it was not covered by specific provisions of the EEC Treaty. 
38 Točno je da je Sud u gore navedenim presudama Lair i Brown (t. 15. odnosno t. 18.) presudio da „u sadašnjoj fazi razvoja prava Zajednice financijska pomoć koja se dodjeljuje studentima za podmirivanje troškova života i školovanja u načelu ne ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora o EEZ-u u smislu njegovog članka 7. [koji je postao članak 6. Ugovora o EZ-u, koji je, nakon izmjene, postao članak 12. UEZ-a]”. [neslužbeni prijevod] U tim je presudama Sud smatrao da je takva pomoć s jedne strane pitanje obrazovne politike, koja kao takva nije bila uključena u područje nadležnosti institucija Zajednice, i s druge strane pitanje socijalne politike, koja je bila u području nadležnosti država članica u mjeri u kojoj nije bila obuhvaćena posebnim odredbama Ugovora o EEZ-u.
41 Under paragraphs 2 and 4 of that article, the Council may adopt incentive measures, excluding any harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the Member States, and recommendations aimed in particular at encouraging the mobility of students and teachers (see D’Hoop, paragraph 32). 
41 U skladu sa stavcima 2. i 4. navedenog članka, Vijeće može donijeti poticajne mjere, pri čemu je isključeno bilo kakvo usklađivanje zakona i drugih propisa država članica, i preporuke s ciljem poticanja mobilnosti studenata i profesora (vidjeti gore navedenu presudu D’Hoop, t. 32.).
42 In view of those developments since the judgments in Lair and Brown, it must be considered that the situation of a citizen of the Union who is lawfully resident in another Member State falls within the scope of application of the Treaty within the meaning of the first paragraph of Article 12 EC for the purposes of obtaining assistance for students, whether in the form of a subsidised loan or a grant, intended to cover his maintenance costs. 
42 Uzimajući u obzir ove elemente koji su se pojavili nakon objave navedenih presuda u predmetima Lair i Brown, valja smatrati da položaj građanina Unije koji zakonito boravi u drugoj državi članici ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora u smislu članka 12. prvog stavka UEZ-a u vezi s dobivanjem financijske pomoći koja se dodjeljuje studentima, bez obzira je li ona u obliku subvencioniranog zajma ili stipendije, namijenjene podmirivanju njegovih troškova života.
43 That development of Community law is confirmed by Article 24 of Directive 2004/38, which states in paragraph 1 that all Union citizens residing in the territory of another Member State on the basis of that directive are to enjoy equal treatment ‘within the scope of the Treaty’. In that the Community legislature, in paragraph 2 of that article, defined the content of paragraph 1 in more detail, by providing that a Member State may in the case of persons other than workers, self-employed persons, persons who retain such status and members of their families restrict the grant of maintenance aid in the form of grants or loans in respect of students who have not acquired a right of permanent residence, it took the view that the grant of such aid is a matter which, in accordance with Article 24(1), now falls within the scope of the Treaty. 
43 Takav je razvoj prava Zajednice potvrđen člankom 24. Direktive 2004/38, u čijem je stavku 1. navedeno da svi građani Unije koji na temelju te direktive borave na državnom području druge države članice imaju pravo na jednako postupanje „unutar okvira Ugovora”. Time što je zakonodavac Zajednice u stavku 2. tog članka detaljnije odredio sadržaj stavka 1., predvidjevši da država članica u slučaju osoba koje nisu radnici, samozaposlene osobe, osobe koje zadržavaju taj status i članovi njihovih obitelji može ograničiti financijsku pomoć namijenjenu podmirivanju troškova života u obliku stipendija ili zajmova studentima koji nisu stekli pravo stalnog boravka, zaključio je da je dodjela takve pomoći pitanje koje u skladu s člankom 24. stavkom 1. sada ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora.
44 That interpretation is not invalidated by the argument put forward by the governments which have submitted observations and by the Commission concerning the limitations and conditions referred to in Article 18 EC. Those governments and the Commission observe that, while citizenship of the Union enables nationals of the Member States to rely on the first paragraph of Article 12 EC when they exercise the right to move and reside within the territory of those States, their situation falls within the scope of application of the Treaty within the meaning of Article 12 EC only, in accordance with Article 18(1) EC, subject to the limitations and conditions laid down in the Treaty and by the measures adopted to give it effect, which include those laid down by Directive 93/96. Since Article 3 of that directive excludes the right to payment of maintenance grants on the part of students benefiting from the right of residence, those grants are still outside the scope of the Treaty. 
44 Argumentom koji su iznijele vlade koje su podnijele očitovanja i Komisija u vezi s ograničenjima i uvjetima iz članka 18. UEZ-a nije opovrgnuto navedeno tumačenje. Te vlade i Komisija ističu da iako status građana Unije državljanima država članica omogućava da se pozovu na članak 12. prvi stavak UEZ-a kada ostvaruju svoje pravo kretanja i boravka na državnom području tih država, njihova situacija ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora u smislu članka 12. UEZ-a samo, u skladu s člankom 18. stavkom 1. UEZ-a, podložno ograničenjima i uvjetima utvrđenima u Ugovoru i u mjerama usvojenima radi njihove provedbe, uključujući one utvrđene Direktivom 93/96. Budući da je člankom 3. te direktive isključeno pravo na isplatu financijske pomoći namijenjene podmirivanju troškova života studenata koji ostvaruju pravo boravka, takva je financijska pomoć još uvijek izvan područja primjene Ugovora.
48 In the light of all the foregoing, the answer to Question 1 must be that assistance, whether in the form of subsidised loans or of grants, provided to students lawfully resident in the host Member State to cover their maintenance costs falls within the scope of application of the Treaty for the purposes of the prohibition of discrimination laid down in the first paragraph of Article 12 EC. 
48 S obzirom na sva prethodna razmatranja, na prvo pitanje valja odgovoriti da financijska pomoć, bez obzira je li u obliku subvencioniranih zajmova ili stipendija, namijenjena podmirivanju troškova života studenata koji zakonito borave u državi članici domaćinu ulazi u područje primjene Ugovora u smislu zabrane diskriminacije utvrđene u članku 12. prvom stavku UEZ-a.