natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Following the Article 35 referral procedure for veterinary medicinal products containing colistin as sole active substance (EMEA/V/A/106), colistin is no longer recommended for treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by Salmonella spp. 
Nakon postupka upućivanja u skladu s člankom 35. za veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin kao jedinu djelatnu tvar (EMEA/V/A/106) kolistin se više ne preporučuje za liječenje gastrointestinalnih infekcija prouzročenih bakterijom Salmonella spp zbog negativne procjene koristi i rizika.
, polymyxins were the fifth most sold group of antimicrobials (6%), after tetracyclines (37%), penicillins (24%), sulfonamides (10%) and macrolides (7%). 
U vezi s ukupnom težinom životinja kod kojih je prisutan rizik liječenja diljem 26 zemalja EU-a/EGP-a, a za koje su bili dostupni podaci o prodaji veterinarskih proizvoda, polimiksini su bili peta po redu skupina najprodavanijih antimikrobika (6 %), nakon tetraciklina (37 %), penicilina (24 %), sulfonamida (10 %) i makrolida (7 %).
Most clinical studies provided in this Article 35 referral procedure demonstrated that monotherapy products shared the same efficacy as colistin combination products. 
Većina kliničkih ispitivanja dostupna u ovom postupku upućivanja u skladu s člankom 35. dokazala je da proizvodi za monoterapiju dijele jednaku učinkovitost kao i kombinirani proizvodi koji sadrže kolistin.
VETOQUINOL Magny Vernois 70200 Lure France 
Francuska VETOQUINOL Magny Vernois 70200 Lure
The same conclusion was reached in the recent Article 35 referral procedure on oral colistin monotherapy products. 
Isti je zaključak donesen u nedavnom postupku upućivanja u skladu s člankom 35. o proizvodima za oralnu monoterapiju kolistinom.
During a routine surveillance project on antimicrobial resistance in commensal E. coli from food animals in China, polymyxin resistance was shown to be singularly due to the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene Furthermore, this mcr-1 carriage in E. coli isolates was also found in 78 (15%) of 523 samples of raw meat products and 166 (21%) of 804 animals sampled during 2011-14. 
Nadalje, to prenošenje mcr-1 u izolate bakterije E. coli također je pronađeno u 78 (15 %) od 523 uzorka proizvoda od sirovog mesa te 166 (21 %) od 804 životinjska uzorka tijekom razdoblja 2011. - 2014.
CVMP guideline on pharmaceutical fixed combination products (EMEA/CVMP/83804/2005) http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/10/WC500004645.pdf as described in the CVMP guideline on pharmaceutical fixed combination products (EMEA/CVMP/83804/2005). 
CVMP guideline on pharmaceutical fixed combination products (EMEA/CVMP/83804/2005) http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/10/WC500004645.pdf svojstava kolistina
Current European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing clinical breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae are under revision because of these issues. 
Zbog tih se pitanja provodi pregled trenutačne kliničke točke prekida Europskog odbora za testiranje antimikrobne osjetljivosti za enterobakterije.
Pigs, chickens (except hens producing eggs for human consumption) 
Svinje, pilići (osim kokoši koje nesu jaja za prehranu ljudi)
Premix 
Premiks
In production animals, stresses in neonates and such related to weaning lead to dysbacteriosis and E. coli diarrhoea, which appear clinically similar. 
Naprezanja u novorođenčadi i naprezanja povezana s odbijanjem u životinja za proizvodnju dovode do disbakterioze i proljeva prouzročenog bakterijom E. coli, a to se dvoje klinički čini sličnim.
Grounds for withdrawal of the marketing authorisations 
Razlozi za povlačenje odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet
CENAVISA, S.A. Camí Pedra Estela s/n. Reus (Tarragona) 
Španjolska CENAVISA, S.A. Camí Pedra Estela s/n.
• the CVMP concluded that the benefit-risk assessment for all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances to be administered orally is negative and that the products could pose a potential risk to human health; 
• CVMP je zaključio da je procjena koristi i rizika za sve veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobnim tvarima za oralnu primjenu negativna te da bi proizvodi mogli predstavljati mogući rizik za zdravlje ljudi;
For non-gastrointestinal indications there are concerns of lack of justification for colistin combination products. 
Kad je riječ o negastrointestinalnim indikacijama, postoje zabrinutosti o nedostatku opravdanja za kombinirane proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin.
Colistin sulphate mg/tablet mg/tablet 
oksitetraciklin hidroklorid kolistin sulfat mg/tablet mg/tablet
In view of the concerns above and in line with the aforementioned recommendations from the EMA/CVMP/CHMP scientific advice to the European Commission, as a second step, the Committee was requested to review the marketing authorisations of all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances for oral administration to food-producing species in order to ensure responsible use of the substance in protecting animal health and limiting the possibility of future risk to public health. 
Prema prethodno navedenim zabrinjavajućim podacima te u skladu s preporukama sadržanima u znanstvenom savjetu EMA-e/CVMP-a/CHMP-a Europskoj komisiji, od Odbora je zatraženo da kao sljedeći korak preispita odobrenja za stavljanje na tržište svih veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobicima za oralnu primjenu za vrste koje se upotrebljavaju za proizvodnju hrane kako bi se osigurala odgovorna uporaba tvari u cilju zaštite zdravlja životinja i ograničavanja mogućnosti nastanka rizika za javno zdravlje u budućnosti.
with elevated MICs to colistin could constitute a risk to public health. 
Bakterija Salmonella spp. s povišenim MIK-ovima na kolistin može predstavljati rizik za javno zdravlje.
In vitro antimicrobial synergy was identified by several MAHs and backed up by scientific publications, based on both a reduction of the MIC for target pathogens in the presence of the colistin combination and a reduction in the fractional inhibitory concentration index. 
Nekoliko nositelja odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet utvrdilo je antimikrobnu sinergiju in vitro, a znanstvena su je izdanja podržala na temelju smanjenja MIK-a za ciljane patogene u prisutnosti kombinacije kolistina te smanjenja indeksa za frakcijske inhibitorne koncentracije.
• the CVMP considered that no convincing data were provided by the MAHs, in terms of clinical trials or other scientifically acceptable studies, as to clinical scenarios where colistin combination products are essential for food-producing animals in the EU compared to monotherapy products; 
• CVMP je smatrao da nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet nisu pružili uvjerljive podatke o kliničkim ispitivanjima ili drugim znanstveno prihvatljivim ispitivanjima, kao što su klinički scenariji u kojima su u usporedbi s monoterapijskim proizvodima kombinirani proizvodi koji sadržavaju kolistin ključni za životinje koje se upotrebljavaju za proizvodnju hrane u EU-u;
Thus, colistin has re-emerged as a last-resort therapeutic option to treat infections due to MDR, XDR and PDR, lactose-fermenting and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. 
Stoga se kolistin ponovno pojavio kao posljednje rješenje za terapijsku opciju u liječenju infekcija izazvanih MDR-om, XDR-om i PDR-om, gram-negativnim bacilima koji fermentiraju laktozu i koji ne fermentiraju laktozu, uključujući Pseudomonas aeruginosa i Acinetobacter baumannii.
7 Saint Herblon 44153 ANCENIS Cedex 
COOPHAVET S.A.S. B.P. 7 Saint Herblon 44153 ANCENIS Cedex
Chicken, turkeys 
Pilići, purani
Gastrointestinal infection caused by E. coli (colibacillosis) is not a recognised clinical disease in foals or adult horses and no data were provided to support the use of colistin in foals, therefore this target species should be removed. 
valjana opravdanja u prilog indikacija za bakteriju Salmonella spp. Gastrointestinalna infekcija prouzročena bakterijom E. coli (kolibaciloza) nije priznata klinička bolest u ždrebadi ili odraslih konja i nisu dostavljeni podaci koji bi govorili u prilog primjeni kolistina u ždrebadi, stoga je potrebno ukloniti ovu ciljanu vrstu.
The broad-spectrum activity of colistin against Gram-negative bacteria involves binding to lipid A, the anchor for lipopolysaccharide and the main constituent of the outer membrane of many bacteria 
Širok spektar djelovanja kolistina u borbi protiv gram-negativnih bakterija uključuje vezanje na lipid A, uporište za lipopolisaharid te glavni sastojak vanjske membrane brojnih bakterija
Specifically, in EU countries with known higher consumptions of colistin products, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions were higher for Salmonella spp. 
Naime, u zemljama EU-a s poznatim višim potrošnjama proizvoda koji sadržavaju kolistin distribucije minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MIK) bile su više za izolate bakterije Salmonella spp. iz svinja i pilića, pri čemu je njih 77 % bilo razvrstano kao rezistentno.
NUTRIVET TOTAL, pó para suspensão oral, para vitelos e cordeiros 
NUTRIVET TOTAL, pó para suspensão oral, para vitelos e cordeiros ampicilin trihidrat kolistin sulfat
Having considered all data submitted in writing, the CVMP concluded that the benefit-risk balance for all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances to be administered orally to food-producing species is negative, due to a lack of clinical relevance and in view of over-exposure of colistin that could pose a potential risk to animal and human health from an acceleration of the occurrence of colistin resistance. 
Uzimajući u obzir sve dostavljene pisane podatke, CVMP je zaključio da je omjer koristi i rizika za sve veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s ostalim antimikrobicima za oralnu primjenu za vrste koje proizvode hranu negativan zbog nedostatka kliničke važnosti te s obzirom na pretjerano izlaganje kolistinu, koje bi moglo predstavljati mogući rizik za zdravlje životinja i ljudi zbog ubrzavanja rezistencije na kolistin.
NEOMIX COMPLEX Neomycin sulfate Colistin sulphate 
NEOMIX COMPLEX neomicin sulfat kolistin sulfat
Currently the status for relevant Gram-negative gastrointestinal pathogens (e.g. E. coli) in the EU is that MICs of colistin are very low and colistin colonic concentrations are very high (e.g. 20 times above the MIC) such that a monotherapy product will suffice for these indications. 
Trenutačno je status za odgovarajuće gram-negativne gastrointestinalne patogene (npr. E. coli) u EU-u da su MIK-ovi kolistina vrlo niski, a koncentracije kolistina u debelom crijevu vrlo visoke (npr. 20 puta veće od MIK-a), tako da će za ove indikacije biti dovoljan proizvod za monoterapiju.
In May 2014 the European Commission initiated a referral procedure under Article 35 of Directive 2001/82/EC for all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin as sole active substance for oral administration to food-producing species (EMEA/V/A/106). 
Direktive 2001/82/EZ za sve veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin kao jedinu djelatnu tvar za oralnu primjenu za životinjske vrste koje se upotrebljavaju za proizvodnju hrane (EMEA/V/A/106).
On these points, no convincing data were provided by the MAHs, in terms of clinical trials or other scientifically acceptable studies, as to clinical scenarios where colistin combination products are essential for food-producing animals in the EU compared to monotherapy products. 
U vezi s time nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet nisu pružili uvjerljive podatke u pogledu kliničkih ispitivanja ili drugih znanstveno prihvatljivih ispitivanja, kao što su klinički scenariji u kojima su u usporedbi s monoterapijskim proizvodima kombinirani proizvodi koji sadržavaju kolistin ključni za životinje koje se upotrebljavaju za proizvodnju hrane u EU-u.
the CVMP has recommended the withdrawal of the marketing authorisations for all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances to be administered orally as referred in Annex I. 
CVMP je preporučio povlačenje odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet za sve veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobnim tvarima za oralnu primjenu kao što je navedeno u Prilogu I.
With the renewed use of colistin use in human medicine, particularly as a last-resort therapeutic option to treat infections due to multidrugresistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR), lactose-fermenting and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, then there are potential public health concerns with continued veterinary use of the substance. 
Uz obnovljenu primjenu kolistina u humanoj medicini, osobito kao posljednje rješenje u terapijskoj opciji za liječenje infekcija prouzročenih gram-negativnim bacilima koji fermentiraju laktozu i koji ne fermentiraju laktozu, a koji su rezistentni na više lijekova (MDR), prošireno rezistentni (XDR) i rezistentni na sve lijekove (PDR), uključujući bacile Pseudomonas aeruginosa i Acinetobacter baumannii, s nastavljanjem veterinarske primjene tvari moguće su zabrinutosti za javno zdravlje.
In this procedure the CVMP was requested to review the marketing authorisations of all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances for oral administration to food-producing species in order to ensure responsible use of the substance in protecting animal health and limiting the possibility of future risk to public health. 
U ovom je postupku od CVMP-a zatraženo preispitivanje odobrenja za stavljanje na tržište svih veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobicima za oralnu primjenu za vrste koje se upotrebljavaju za proizvodnju hrane kako bi se osigurala odgovorna uporaba tvari u cilju zaštite zdravlja životinja i ograničenja mogućeg rizika za javno zdravlje u budućnosti.
Considering the significant number of products containing colistin authorised in the EU it was considered appropriate to follow a stepwise approach based on risk for the revision of summary of the product characteristics of products containing colistin. 
Uzimajući u obzir znatan broj proizvoda koji sadržavaju kolistin odobrenih u EU-u, smatralo se primjerenim pri procjeni sažetka opisa svojstava lijeka za lijekove koji sadržavaju kolistin slijediti postupni pristup temeljen na riziku.
Therefore, the CVMP recommended the withdrawal of the marketing authorisations for all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances to be administered orally. 
Stoga je CVMP preporučio povlačenje odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet za sve veterinarskomedicinske proizvode koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobicima za oralnu primjenu.
Oral administration individually 
Pojedinačna oralna primjena
E. coli septicaemia is a recognised disease in neonatal foals that can be sometimes be expressed as diarrhoea, among other symptoms. 
Sepsa prouzročena bakterijom E. coli priznata je bolest u neonatalne ždrebadi koja katkad, između ostalih simptoma, može imati za posljedicu proljev.
34 rue Jean Monnet ZI D'Etiché BP20341 
Francuska QALIAN 34 rue Jean Monnet ZI D'Etiché
Justification of colistin combination products 
Opravdanje kombiniranih proizvoda koji sadržavaju kolistin
Colistin sulphate mg/g mg/g 
amoksicilin trihidrat kolistin sulfat mg/g mg/g
Concurrent E. coli related gastrointestinal diseases (e.g. septicaemia) were identified by MAHs as occurring as complications from the original gastrointestinal disease through either direct systemic spread or immunosuppression. 
Nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet utvrdili su da se istodobne gastrointestinalne bolesti koje se povezuju s bakterijom E. coli javljaju kao komplikacije izvorne gastrointestinalne bolesti putem izravnog sustavnog širenja ili imunosupresije.
For food-producing animals in the EU/EEA today, field studies have shown that it is used primarily for pigs including group treatments and prevention of diarrhoea caused by E. coli and Salmonella spp., as first-choice http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2014/10/WC500175671.pdf Commission Decision concerning, in the framework of Article 35 of Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the marketing authorisations for all veterinary medicinal products containing "Colistin" to be administered orally ((2015)1916 of 16/03/2015) http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/vo25478.htm Lim LM et al. 2010 Resurgence of colistin: a review of resistance, toxicity, pharmacodynamics, and dosing. 
Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 26 EU/EEA countries in 2012. Fourth ESVAC report. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2014/10/WC500175671.pdf Commission Decision concerning, in the framework of Article 35 of Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the marketing authorisations for all veterinary medicinal products containing "Colistin" to be administered orally ((2015)1916 of 16/03/2015) http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/vo25478.htm Lim LM et al.
Overall summary of the scientific evaluation of all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin in combination with other antimicrobial substances to be administered orally (see Annex I) 
Cjelokupan sažetak znanstvenog vrednovanja svih veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadržavaju kolistin u kombinaciji s drugim antimikrobnim tvarima za oralnu primjenu (vidjeti Prilog I.)
Pigs and chickens (except laying) 
Svinje i pilići (osim nesilica)
Historically, this instability of polymyxin resistance, and the absence of horizontal gene transfer of these mutations, was thought to reduce the risk of rapid spread of resistance to colistin 
Povijesno gledajući, smatralo se da ta nestabilnost rezistencije na polimiksin i izostanak horizontalnog prijenosa gena tih mutacija smanjuju rizik brzog širenja rezistencije na kolistin Međutim, važno je napomenuti da stabilna rezistencija na subkliničkoj razini (heterorezistencija) može ostati nezapažena konvencionalnim tehnikama kultura/osjetljivosti
It belongs to the polymyxin therapeutic class and is identical to polymyxin E. Colistin is used for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by sensitive bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli) in pigs, poultry, rabbits, cattle, sheep and goats. 
Kolistin se upotrebljava za liječenje i sprječavanje bolesti uzrokovanih osjetljivim bakterijama (npr. Escherichia coli) u svinja, peradi, zečeva, goveda, ovaca i koza.
For gastrointestinal indications, there are also concerns if colistin combinations products are necessary over monotherapy. 
Kad je riječ o indikacijama za gastrointestinalni trakt, također postoje zabrinutosti jesu li kombinirani proizvodi koji sadrže kolistin u prednosti pred monoterapijom.
7 Saint Herblon 44153 ANCENIS 
Bugarska COOPHAVET S.A.S. B.P. 7 Saint Herblon 44153 ANCENIS
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1177/2006 of 1 August 2006 implementing Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards requirements for the use of specific control methods in the framework of the national programmes for the control of salmonella in poultry http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006R1177&from=en de Jong A et al. 2012 Pan-European monitoring of susceptibility to human-use antimicrobial agents in enteric bacteria isolated from healthy food-producing animals. 
Council as regards requirements for the use of specific control methods in the framework of the national programmes for the control of salmonella in poultry http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006R1177&from=en de Jong A et al.
Colistin sulphate Spiramycin adipate 
kolistin sulfat spiramicin adipat
Via Corassori, 62 41100 Modena Italy 
Industria Italiana Integratori Trei S.p.A. Via Corassori, 62 41100 Modena Italy
Oral, via drinking water 
Oralno, putem vode za piće
In a previous Article 35 referral procedure for all veterinary medicinal products containing colistin to be administered orally the Committee agreed a harmonised indication, a limitation of the duration of treatment up to 7 days and warning sentences on prudent use. 
Odbor je postigao suglasnost oko usklađene indikacije, ograničenja liječenja u trajanju do sedam dana i rečenica upozorenja o opreznoj uporabi.
Chicken, pigs Oral use 
Pilići, svinje Oralna primjena
Via Piana 265 47032 Bertinoro Italy 
47032 Bertinoro Italy
Powder for oral suspension for administration in drinking water 
Prašak za oralnu suspenziju za primjenu u vodi za piće
BELCOSPIRA ORAL prášek pro přípravu perorálního roztoku 
BELCOSPIRA ORAL prášek pro přípravu perorálního roztoku kolistin sulfat spiramicin adipat
Colistin sulphate Erythromycin estolate 
kolistin sulfat eritromicin estolat
Netherlands Dopharma B.V. Zalmweg 24 
Nizozemska Dopharma B.V.
Oral paste 
Oralna pasta
Powder for administration in drinking water or milk 
Prašak za primjenu u vodi za piće ili u mlijeku
Powder for use in drinking water 
Prašak za primjenu u vodi za piće
Cattle, chickens, pigs 
Goveda, pilići, svinje
Powder for oral use via drinking water 
Prašak za oralnu primjenu putem vode za piće
Oral solution Chickens and pigs 
Oralna otopina Pilići i svinje Oralna primjena
In addition, the MAHs were asked to justify the benefits of using a colistin combination product over the use of monotherapy for the treatment of the respective conditions, particularly taking into account the CVMP guideline on pharmaceutical fixed combination products (EMEA/CVMP/83804/2005). 
Za negastrointestinalne indikacije ne mogu se utvrditi valjana terapijska načela te stoga kombinacija ne nudi prednost pred svojim djelatnim tvarima kada se primjenjuju kao proizvodi s jednom tvari, kao što je opisano u smjernicama CVMP-a o farmaceutskim proizvodima s fiksnim kombinacijama (EMEA/CVMP/83804/2005).
Pigs, chickens In drinking water use 
Svinje za tov Primjena u vodi za piće
In view of the information available in the reports of the EMA European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption 
S obzirom na informacije dostupne u izvješćima u okviru EMA-inog
In drinking water use 
Primjena u vodi za piće
No proprietary data or valid justifications could be provided in support of prevention and prophylaxis claims. 
U prilog tvrdnjama o sprečavanju i profilaksi nisu pruženi podaci proizvođača niti valjana opravdanja.
Mixed in feeding stuffs 
Pomiješano s hranom za životinje
Pigs, rabbits Oral 
Svinje, zečevi
Via Emilia, 285 40064 Ozzano Emilia Italy 
40064 Ozzano Emilia Italy
In feed use 
Primjena u hrani za životinje
Колитетравит / COLI - TETRAVIT 
Колитетравит / COLITETRAVIT
“However, severe nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria now account for high morbidity and mortality in man. Colistin is therefore nowadays a last resort drug in human medicine in the context of treatment of infections caused by MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae), for which mortality can be extremely high.” 
Stoga je danas kolistin posljednje moguće rješenje u humanoj medicini u kontekstu liječenja infekcija uzrokovanih bakterijama Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii i Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) rezistentnima na više lijekova, kod kojih mortalitet može biti iznimno visok.”