natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
73 It is apparent from Decisions 94/69 and 2002/358 that the European Union has approved the Kyoto Protocol.
73 Iz odluka 94/69 i 2002/358 proizlazi da je Unija odobrila Kyotski protokol.
Consequently, its provisions form an integral part of the legal order of the European Union as from its entry into force (see Case 181/73 Haegeman [1974] ECR 449, paragraph 5).
Stoga odredbe tog Protokola od njegovog stupanja na snagu čine sastavni dio pravnog poretka Unije (vidjeti presudu od 30. travnja 1974., Haegeman, 181/73, Zb., str. 449., t. 5.).
74 Thus, in order to determine whether the Court may assess the validity of Directive 2008/101 in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, it must be determined whether the nature and the broad logic of the latter do not preclude such examination and whether, additionally, its provisions, in particular Article 2(2), appear, as regards their content, to be unconditional and sufficiently precise so as to confer on persons subject to European Union law the right to rely thereon in legal proceedings in order to contest the legality of an act of European Union law such as that directive.
74 Prema tome, da bi se utvrdilo smije li Sud ocjenjivati valjanost Direktive 2008/101 s obzirom na Kyotski protokol, valja utvrditi isključuju li narav i struktura Kyotskog protokola takvo ispitivanje i dodatno, jesu li njegove odredbe, posebno članak 2. stavak 2., s obzirom na njihov sadržaj, bezuvjetne i dovoljno precizne da osobama koje podliježu pravu Unije daju pravo da se na njih pozivaju u sudskom postupku s ciljem osporavanja zakonitosti akta prava Unije, kao što je ta direktiva.
75 In that regard, by adopting the Kyoto Protocol the parties thereto sought to set objectives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and undertook to adopt the measures necessary in order to attain those objectives.
75 U tom smislu, usvajanjem Kyotskog protokola njegove su stranke nastojale postaviti ciljeve u pogledu smanjivanja emisija stakleničkih plinova i obvezale se donijeti mjere potrebne za postizanje tih ciljeva.
The protocol allows certain parties thereto, which are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, a certain degree of flexibility in the implementation of their commitments.
Nekim strankama tog Protokola, koje prolaze kroz proces prijelaza na tržišno gospodarstvo, Protokol dopušta određeni stupanj fleksibilnosti u ispunjavanju njihovih obveza.
Furthermore, first, the protocol allows certain parties to meet their reduction commitments collectively.
Nadalje, s jedne strane, Protokol nekim strankama omogućuje da zajednički ispunjavaju svoje obveze u pogledu smanjivanja emisija.
Second, the Conference of the Parties, established by the Framework Convention, is responsible for approving appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of the protocol.
S druge strane, Konferencija stranaka, ustanovljena Okvirnom konvencijom, odgovorna je za odobravanje odgovarajućih i učinkovitih postupaka i mehanizama za utvrđivanje i rješavanje slučajeva nepoštovanja odredaba Protokola.
76 It is thus clear that, even though the Kyoto Protocol imposes quantified greenhouse gas reduction commitments with regard to the commitment period corresponding to the years 2008 to 2012, the parties to the protocol may comply with their obligations in the manner and at the speed upon which they agree.
76 Stoga treba utvrditi da, iako Kyotski protokol nameće kvantificiranu obvezu smanjivanja emisija stakleničkih plinova za obvezujuće razdoblje koje odgovara razdoblju od 2008. do 2012., stranke Protokola mogu svoje obveze ispunjavati na način i dinamikom koje međusobno dogovore.
77 In particular, Article 2(2) of the Kyoto Protocol, mentioned by the referring court, provides that the parties thereto are to pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of certain greenhouse gases from aviation bunker fuels, working through the ICAO.
77 Članak 2. stavak 2. Kyotskog protokola, koji spominje sud koji je uputio zahtjev, posebno predviđa da stranke Protokola trebaju raditi na ograničavanju ili smanjivanju emisija određenih stakleničkih plinova iz zrakoplovstva, djelujući preko ICAO-a.
Thus, that provision, as regards its content, cannot in any event be considered to be unconditional and sufficiently precise so as to confer on individuals the right to rely on it in legal proceedings in order to contest the validity of Directive 2008/101.
Tako se ta odredba, s obzirom na njezin sadržaj, ni u kojem slučaju ne može smatrati bezuvjetnom i dovoljno preciznom da bi pojedincima dala pravo da se na nju pozivaju u sudskom postupku s ciljem osporavanja valjanosti Direktive 2008/101.
78 Consequently, the Kyoto Protocol cannot be relied upon in the context of the present reference for a preliminary ruling for the purpose of assessing the validity of Directive 2008/101.
78 Prema tome, u okviru ovog zahtjeva za prethodnu odluku ne može se pozivati na Kyotski protokol u svrhu ocjene valjanosti Direktive 2008/101.
c) The Open Skies Agreement
c) Sporazum o otvorenom nebu
79 The Open Skies Agreement has been approved on behalf of the European Union by Decisions 2007/339 and 2010/465.
79 Sporazum o otvorenom nebu odobren je u ime Unije Odlukama 2007/339 i 2010/465.
Consequently, its provisions form an integral part of the legal order of the European Union as from its entry into force (see Haegeman, paragraph 5).
Prema tome, odredbe tog sporazuma od njegovog stupanja na snagu čine sastavni dio pravnog poretka Unije (vidjeti gore navedenu presudu, Haegeman, t. 5.).
80 Thus, the question arises first of all whether the nature and the broad logic of the Open Skies Agreement permit the validity of Directive 2008/101 to be examined in the light of that agreement.
80 Tako se najprije postavlja pitanje dopuštaju li narav i struktura Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu da se s obzirom na taj sporazum ispituje valjanost Direktive 2008/101.
81 As is apparent from the third and fourth recitals in its preamble, the Open Skies Agreement is intended to make it possible for airlines of the contracting parties to offer the travelling and shipping public competitive prices and services in open markets.
81 Kao što proizlazi iz treće i četvrte uvodne izjave u njegovoj preambuli, namjena Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu jest omogućiti zračnim prijevoznicima da na otvorenim tržištima putnicima i pošiljateljima nude konkurentne cijene i usluge.
The agreement also seeks to have all sectors of the air transport industry, including airline workers, benefiting in such a liberalised agreement. The parties thereto, in so doing, announced their intention of establishing a precedent of global significance to promote the benefits of liberalisation in this crucial economic sector.
Sporazumom se isto tako nastoji postići da svi sektori industrije zračnog prometa, uključujući djelatnike zračnih prijevoznika, imaju koristi od takvog liberaliziranog sporazuma; time su njegove stranke najavile svoju namjeru da postave presedan globalnog značaja za promicanje koristi liberalizacije ovog ključnoga gospodarskog sektora.
82 As the Advocate General has observed in point 91 of her Opinion, airlines established in the territory of the parties to the Open Skies Agreement are thus specifically addressed by that agreement.
82 Kao što je nezavisna odvjetnica naglasila u točki 91. svojega mišljenja, Sporazum o otvorenom nebu odnosi se posebno na zračne prijevoznike sa sjedištem na državnom području stranaka Sporazuma.
Articles 3(2) and (5) and 10, provisions which are designed to confer rights on those airlines directly, are particularly revealing in this regard, whilst other provisions of the agreement are designed to impose obligations upon them.
To je posebno očito u članku 3. stavcima 2. i 5. i članku 10., u odredbama koje su tako osmišljene da tim zračnim prijevoznicima izravno daju prava, dok su druge odredbe tog sporazuma osmišljene tako da im nameću obveze.
83 With regard to the fact that the parties have agreed, under Article 19 of the Open Skies Agreement, that any dispute relating to the application or interpretation of the agreement may be subject to a procedure that can result in referral to an arbitration tribunal, it should be borne in mind that the fact that the contracting parties have established a special institutional framework for consultations and negotiations between them in relation to the implementation of that agreement is not sufficient to exclude all judicial application of the agreement (see, to this effect, Kupferberg, paragraph 20).
83 S obzirom na činjenicu da su se stranke dogovorile, u skladu s člankom 19. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu, da se na svaki spor povezan s primjenom ili tumačenjem tog Sporazuma može primijeniti postupak koji može dovesti do upućivanja na arbitražni sud, treba imati na umu da činjenica da su ugovorne stranke uspostavile poseban institucionalni okvir za međusobno savjetovanje i pregovaranje u vezi s provedbom tog sporazuma nije dovoljna za isključivanje svake sudske primjene tog sporazuma.
84 Since the Open Skies Agreement establishes certain rules designed to apply directly and immediately to airlines and thereby to confer upon them rights and freedoms which are capable of being relied upon against the parties to that agreement, and the nature and the broad logic of the agreement do not so preclude, the conclusion can be drawn that the Court may assess the validity of an act of European Union law, such as Directive 2008/101, in the light of the provisions of the agreement.
84 Budući da se Sporazumom o otvorenom nebu uvode određena pravila koja se primjenjuju izravno i neposredno na zračne prijevoznike te im daju prava i slobode na koje se mogu pozivati u postupcima protiv stranaka tog sporazuma, te da to nije protivno naravi i strukturi tog sporazuma, može se zaključiti da Sud smije ocjenjivati valjanost nekog akta prava Unije, kao što je npr. Direktiva 2008/101, s obzirom na odredbe tog sporazuma.
85 It must therefore be examined whether the provisions of the Open Skies Agreement that are mentioned by the referring court appear, as regards their content, to be unconditional and sufficiently precise, so as to enable the Court to examine the validity of Directive 2008/101 in the light of those particular provisions.
85 Stoga valja ispitati jesu li odredbe tog sporazuma koje spominje sud koji je uputio zahtjev sadržajno bezuvjetne i dovoljno precizne da bi Sud mogao ispitati valjanost Direktive 2008/101 s obzirom na te konkretne odredbe.
i) Article 7 of the Open Skies Agreement
i) Članak 7. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu
86 As the Advocate General has observed in point 103 of her Opinion, Article 7 of the Open Skies Agreement, headed `Application of laws', lays down a precise and specific obligation applying to aircraft utilised by the airlines of the parties to that agreement.
86 Kao što je nezavisna odvjetnica naglasila u točki 103. svojega mišljenja, članak 7. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu, pod naslovom „Primjena zakona" predviđa precizne i određene obveze koje se primjenjuju na zrakoplove koje koriste zračni prijevoznici stranaka tog sporazuma.
Under Article 7, when these aircraft engaged in international air navigation enter, depart from or are within the territory of one of the contracting parties, they are to be subject to and must observe the laws and regulations of that party, be they provisions relating to the admission or departure of aircraft on that party's territory or those relating to the operation and navigation of aircraft.
U skladu s člankom 7., kada ti zrakoplovi koji su uključeni u međunarodnu zračnu plovidbu ulaze na područje, izlaze iz područja ili se nalaze unutar područja jedne od ugovornih stranaka, oni podliježu zakonima i propisima te stranke i moraju ih se pridržavati, bez obzira radi li se o odredbama koje se odnose na ulazak zrakoplova na njezino područje ili njihov izlazak iz njezinog područja, ili odredbama koje se odnose na korištenje i navigaciju takvih zrakoplova.
87 Consequently, Article 7 of the Open Skies Agreement may be relied upon by airlines in the context of the present reference for a preliminary ruling for the purpose of assessing the validity of Directive 2008/101.
87 Prema tome, zračni prijevoznici mogu se u okviru ovog zahtjeva za prethodnu odluku pozivati na članak 7. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu u svrhu ocjenjivanja valjanosti Direktive 2008/101.
ii) Article 11 of the Open Skies Agreement
ii) Članak 11. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu
88 In circumstances such as those of the main proceedings, it is apparent that, of the products referred to in Article 11(1) and (2) of the Open Skies Agreement, only fuel as such proves relevant and that, moreover, the through-put charges for such a product within the meaning of Article 11(7) are not at issue.
88 Iz okolnosti kao što su one u glavnom postupku proizlazi da je od proizvoda navedenih u članku 11. stavcima 1. i 2. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu relevantno samo gorivo kao takvo i da, štoviše, ovdje nisu u pitanju pristojbe za natočeno gorivo u smislu članka 11. stavka 7.
89 Article 11(1) and (2)(c) of the Open Skies Agreement exempt from taxes, duties, fees and charges, on the basis of reciprocity, inter alia fuel introduced into or supplied in the territory of the European Union for use in an aircraft of an airline established in the United States engaged in international air transportation, even when the fuel is to be used on a part of the journey performed over the territory of the European Union.
89 Članak 11. stavak 1. i stavak 2. točka (c) Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu predviđaju da se izuzeće od taksi, carina, pristojbi i naknada primjenjuje na temelju uzajamnosti, između ostalog, na gorivo uneseno ili isporučeno na područje Unije kako bi se koristilo u zrakoplovu zračnog prijevoznika sa sjedištem u Sjedinjenim Državama, koji se koristi u međunarodnom zračnom prijevozu, čak i kada se to gorivo koristi na dijelu puta kroz područje Unije.
90 So far as concerns the fuel load for international flights, it is to be noted that the European Union has expressly laid down an exemption from taxation for energy products supplied for use as fuel for the purpose of air navigation, in order in particular to comply with existing international obligations resulting from the Chicago Convention and with those owed by it under international bilateral air service agreements which it has concluded with certain third States and which prove, in this respect, to be of the same nature as the Open Skies Agreement (see Systeme Helmholz, paragraphs 24 and 25).
90 Što se tiče natočenog goriva za međunarodne letove, treba napomenuti da je Unija izričito predvidjela izuzeće od poreza za energente koji se nabavljaju kako bi se koristili kao gorivo u zračnom prometu, posebno da bi ispunila određene međunarodne obveze koje proizlaze iz Čikaške konvencije i koje je dužna ispuniti na temelju međunarodnih dvostranih sporazuma o zračnom prometu sklopljenih s određenim trećim državama i za koje se pokazalo da su u tom smislu iste naravi kao i Sporazum o otvorenom nebu (vidjeti gore navedenu presudu Systeme Helmholz, t. 24. i 25.).
91 It is also undisputed that, so far as concerns international commercial flights, that exemption existed before Directive 2003/96 was adopted (see, in this regard, Systeme Helmholz, paragraph 22) and that in laying down in Article 11(1) and (2)(c) of the Open Skies Agreement an obligation to exempt the fuel load from taxation, the parties to that agreement, both the European Union and the Member States and the United States, merely reiterated, in the case of the fuel load, an obligation derived from international treaties, in particular the Chicago Convention.
91 Isto tako nije sporno da je to izuzeće, kada je riječ o međunarodnim komercijalnim letovima, postojalo i prije donošenja Direktive 2003/96 (vidjeti u tom smislu gore navedenu presudu Systeme Helmholz, t. 22.) te da su stranke tog Sporazuma, kako Unija i države članice tako i Sjedinjene Države, time što su u članku 11. stavku 1. i stavku 2. točki (c) Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu predvidjele izuzeće od poreza za natočeno gorivo, samo ponovile obvezu, u pogledu natočenog goriva, koja proizlazi iz međunarodnih konvencija, posebno Čikaške konvencije.
92 Finally, it has not in any way been alleged, by either the Member States or the institutions of the European Union which have submitted observations, that within the framework of the Open Skies Agreement the European Union's trading partner has not exempted the fuel load of the aircraft of airlines established in a Member State.
92 I konačno, ni države članice ni institucije Unije koje su podnijele svoja očitovanja ni na koji način nisu navele da trgovinski partner Unije nije u okviru Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu izuzeo natočeno gorivo zrakoplova zrakoplovnih prijevoznika sa sjedištem u nekoj državi članici.
93 It follows that, as regards fuel specifically, the condition of reciprocity in Article 11(1) and (2)(c) of the Open Skies Agreement does not constitute, in particular in circumstances such as those of the present case, in which the contracting parties have reciprocally performed the obligation in question, an obstacle preventing the obligation, laid down in that provision, to exempt the fuel load from taxes, duties, fees and charges from being relied upon directly for the purpose of reviewing the validity of Directive 2008/101.
93 Iz toga proizlazi, posebno što se tiče goriva, da uvjet uzajamnosti iz članka 11. stavka 1. i stavka 2. točke (c) Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu, posebno u okolnostima kakve su u ovom predmetu, u kojima su ugovorne stranke uzajamno izvršavale predmetnu obvezu, ne predstavlja prepreku da se na obvezu iz te odredbe da se natočeno gorivo izuzima od taksi, carina, pristojbi i naknada pozove izravno u svrhu ispitivanja valjanosti Direktive 2008/101.
94 In the light of the foregoing, it must be accepted that Article 11(1) and (2)(c) of the Open Skies Agreement, so far as concerns the obligation to exempt the fuel load of aircraft engaged in international air services between the European Union and the United States from taxes, duties, fees and charges, with the exception of charges based on the cost of the service provided, may be relied upon in the context of the present reference for a preliminary ruling for the purpose of assessing the validity of Directive 2008/101 in the light of that provision.
94 Uzimajući u obzir gore navedeno, valja priznati da se u okviru ovog zahtjeva za prethodnu odluku u svrhu ocjenjivanja valjanosti Direktive 2008/101 s obzirom na tu odredbu može pozivati na članak 11. stavak 1. i stavak 2. točku (c) Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu kada je riječ o obvezi izuzimanja natočenog goriva zrakoplova uključenih u međunarodni zračni promet od taksi, carina, pristojbi i naknada, osim naknada koje se temelje na cijeni pruženih usluga.
iii) Article 15(3) of the Open Skies Agreement, read in conjunction with Articles 2 and 3(4) thereof
iii) Članak 15. stavak 3. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu, u vezi s njegovim člankom 2. i člankom 3. stavkom 4.
95 The first sentence of Article 15(3) of the Open Skies Agreement is intended to impose upon the contracting parties the obligation to follow the aviation environmental standards set out in annexes to the Chicago Convention, except where differences have been filed.
95 Svrha prve rečenice članka 15. stavka 3. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu je da se ugovornim strankama nametne obveza poštovanja standardâ zaštite okoliša u zrakoplovstvu navedenih u prilozima Čikaškoj konvenciji, osim u slučajevima kada su prijavljene razlike u odnosu na te standarde.
This last point is not an element defining the obligation on the European Union to follow those standards, but constitutes a possibility of derogating from that obligation.
Ova zadnja točka ne čini element koji definira obvezu Unije da poštuje te standarde, već predstavlja mogućnost odstupanja od te obveze.
96 That sentence thus appears unconditional and sufficiently precise for the Court to be able to assess the validity of Directive 2008/101 in the light thereof (see, with regard to compliance with environmental norms derived from a convention, Pêcheurs de l'étang de Berre, paragraph 47).
96 Ta se rečenica čini bezuvjetna i dovoljno precizna da Sud na temelju nje može ocijeniti valjanost Direktive 2008/101 (vidjeti u pogledu ispunjavanja standarda zaštite okoliša koji proizlaze iz određene konvencije gore navedenu presudu Pêcheurs de lʼétang de Berre, t. 47.).
97 The second sentence of Article 15(3) provides that any environmental measures affecting air services under the Open Skies Agreement must be applied by the parties in accordance with Articles 2 and 3(4) of that agreement.
97 U drugoj rečenici članka 15. stavka 3. utvrđuje se da sve mjere zaštite okoliša koje utječu na usluge iz Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu ugovorne stranke moraju primjenjivati u skladu s člankom 2. i člankom 3. stavkom 4. tog sporazuma.
98 Thus, whilst the European Union may, in the context of application of its environmental measures, adopt certain measures which have the effect of unilaterally limiting the volume of traffic or frequency or regularity of service within the meaning of Article 3(4) of the Open Skies Agreement, it must, however, apply such measures under uniform conditions that are consistent with Article 15 of the Chicago Convention, which provides, in essence, that airport charges which are or may be imposed on aircraft engaged in scheduled international air services are not to be higher than those that would be paid by national aircraft engaged in similar international air services.
98 Tako, iako Unija u okviru primjene svojih mjera zaštite okoliša može usvajati određene mjere koje za posljedicu imaju jednostrano ograničavanje opsega prometa, odnosno učestalosti ili redovitosti usluge u smislu članka 3. točke 4. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu, ona takve mjere mora primjenjivati pod jednakim uvjetima koji su u skladu s člankom 15. Čikaške konvencije, koji u biti predviđa da naknade zračnih luka koje se naplaćuju ili bi se mogle naplaćivati zrakoplovima koji obavljaju međunarodni linijski zračni promet ne smiju biti više od naknada koje bi se naplatile domaćim zrakoplovima u sličnom međunarodnom zračnom prometu.
99 It follows that, having regard to Article 2 of the Open Skies Agreement, which provides that each party is to allow a fair and equal opportunity for the airlines of both parties to compete in providing international air transportation, Article 15(3) of that agreement, read in conjunction with Articles 2 and 3(4) thereof, must be interpreted as meaning that, if the European Union adopts environmental measures in the form of airport charges which have the effect of limiting the volume of traffic or the frequency or regularity of transatlantic air services, such charges imposed on airlines established in the United States are not to be higher than those payable by European Union airlines and in so doing, from the viewpoint of any liability on their part to such charges, the European Union must allow a fair and equal opportunity for those two categories of airline to compete.
99 Iz toga slijedi da, uzimajući u obzir članak 2. Sporazuma o otvorenom nebu koji predviđa da svaka stranka treba omogućiti poštene i jednake mogućnosti za tržišno natjecanje zračnih prijevoznika obiju ugovornih stranaka pri obavljanju međunarodnog zračnog prijevoza, članak 15. stavak 3. tog sporazuma, u vezi s njegovim člankom 2. i člankom 3. stavkom 4., treba tumačiti tako da ako Unija usvoji mjere zaštite okoliša u obliku naknada zračnih luka koje imaju takav učinak da ograničavaju opseg prometa, učestalost ili redovitost transatlantskog zračnog prometa, takve naknade koje se naplaćuju zračnim prijevoznicima sa sjedištem u Sjedinjenim Državama ne smiju biti više od naknada koje se naplaćuju zračnim prijevoznicima Unije, pri čemu Unija tim dvjema kategorijama zrakoplovnih prijevoznika mora, po pitanju njihovih eventualnih obveza u pogledu takvih naknada, osigurati poštene i jednake mogućnosti za tržišno natjecanje.