natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The test is conducted using a new drum with new linings assemblies which have been type approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (if applicable, protective grease removed).
„x” broj rupa za svornjake i promjer parametarskog zupčanika
Machining of the linings to achieve good lining to drum contact is permissible.
ukupna duljina diska
Alternative dynamometer performance test
Kočni bubanj za kategorije M, N i O (primjeri)
Table A11/3.3
A unutarnji promjer bubnja
In the case of vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1
B širina tarne površine
See bedding-in (burnishing) procedure as described in Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3
C „x” broj rupa za svornjake i promjer parametarskog zupčanika
In the case of vehicles of categories M3, N2, N3
D promjer montažnog naglavka
Bedding-in (burnishing):
E vanjska širina bubnja
100 (disc) or 200 (drum) brake applications
F debljina montažne prirubnice
Ti = 150 °C (disc) or 100 °C (drum)
G vanjski promjer bubnja
dm = 1 and 2 m/s2 alternating
H promjer kućišta
Dynamic friction properties, see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
I promjer rupa za svornjake
Brake test Type 0 (simulation engine disconnected), see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
Tipovi konstrukcija kočnih diskova za kategorije L1, L2, L3, L4 i L5 (primjeri)
Brake test Type I, see paragraph 3.4.2 of this annex
Jednodijelni tip: kočni disk s kočnom površinom i prirubnicom napravljen u jednom komadu, što znači od istog materijala;
Re-burnishing:
Složeni nepokretni tip: kočni disk s kolutom napravljenim od čelika i prirubnicom od drugog materijala, najčešće aluminija; ta su dva sastavna dijela čvrsto povezana vijcima ili zakovicama;
10 (disc) or 20 (drum) brake applications
plutajući tip: kočni disk kod kojeg je kolut diska radijalno povezan s prirubnicom, što omogućava njegovo toplinsko širenje.
Brake test Type 0 (simulation engine connected), see paragraph 3.4.4 of this annex
PRILOG 11.
Re-burnishing: (like No 5)
ZAHTJEVI ZA ZAMJENSKE KOČNE DISKOVE ILI KOČNE BUBNJEVE ZA VOZILA KATEGORIJA M I N
Brake test Type II (if applicable), see paragraph 3.4.3 of this annex
PREGLED ISPITIVANJA
Steps 12 to 19 are optional (if activation is not sufficient)
Ispitivanja koja su potrebna u skladu sa stavkom 5.3. ovog Pravilnika detaljno su opisana za pojedine kategorije vozila:
Brake test Type 0, see paragraph 3.4.1 of this annex
Tablica A11/1.A
Re-burnishing: (like item 5)
Vozila kategorija M1 i N1
Dynamic friction properties see paragraph 3.5.1 of this annex
Nadomjesno ispitivanje na dinamometru
Brake tests Type 0 (simulation engine connected), see paragraph 3.4.4 of this annex
Ispitivanja radnog učinka u skladu s pravilnicima br. 13 i 13-H
Brake test Type-0 test (simulation engine disconnected)
Ispitivanje tipa 0. s odspojenim motorom
From the initial rotational speed equivalent to 100 km/h (M1/N1), or 60 km/h (M2/M3/N2/N3) and at a brake temperature ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application, perform three brake applications at the same brake actuating pressure such that a mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of at least 6,43 m/s2 for vehicles of categories M1/N1 or 5 m/s2 for vehicles of categories M2/M3/N2/N3 is achieved.
Ispitivanje tipa 0. (simulacija s odspojenim motorom)
In the case of pneumatic braking systems the brake actuator pressure shall not exceed the pressure that is permanently guaranteed by the braking system of the vehicle type(s) (e.g. cut in pressure of the compressor), and the brake input torque (C) shall not exceed the maximum permissible brake input torque (Cmax) by using the smallest brake chamber of the vehicle type(s).
Ispitivanje tipa 0. sa spojenim motorom
The average of the three results shall be taken as the cold performance.
Simulacija ispitivanja kočnica tipa 0. sa spojenim motorom
Rolling resistance
Brzine i opterećenje jednaki kao u točki 2.2.2.
The rolling resistance is taken to equate to a deceleration of 0,1 m/s2.
Ispitivanje tipa I.
Brake test Type I
Sustav parkirne kočnice (ako je primjenjivo)
According to the vehicle category make consecutive snub applications of the brake in accordance with the conditions laid down in the following table.
Ispitivanje radi usporedbe s originalnim dijelom
Every brake application shall be conducted in that way that a constant deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a constant brake torque equivalent to the deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of 3 m/s2 will be achieved.
Ispitivanje dinamičkih tarnih svojstava (usporedno ispitivanje na pojedinačnim osovinama)
The first brake application shall commence at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C.
Ispitivanje dinamičkih tarnih svojstava (usporedno ispitivanje na pojedinačnim kočnicama)
Vehicle Category
Ispitivanja integriteta
v 1 = initial speed, at beginning of braking
Ispitivanje bez vozila – ispitivanje na dinamometru
v 2 = speed at end of braking
Kočni diskovi
v max = maximum speed of vehicle
Ispitivanje toplinskog zamora kočnog diska
n = number of brake applications
Ispitivanje kočnog diska pri velikom opterećenju
Δt = duration of a braking cycle: time elapsing between the initiation of one brake application and the initiation of the next.
Kočni bubnjevi
In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices, the adjustment of the brakes shall, prior to the Type I test above, be set according to the following procedures as appropriate:
Ispitivanje toplinskog zamora kočnog bubnja
In the case of air-operated brakes, the adjustment of the brakes shall be such as to enable the automatic brake adjustment device to function.
Ispitivanje kočnog bubnja pri velikom opterećenju
For this purpose the actuator stroke shall be adjusted to:
Tablica A11/1.B
(the upper limit shall not exceed a value recommended by the manufacturer)
Vozila kategorija M2, M3, N2, N3
is the readjustment stroke according to the specification of the manufacturer of the automatic brake adjustment device, i.e. the stroke, where it starts to readjust the running clearance of the brake with an actuator pressure of 15 per cent of the brake system operating pressure but not less than 100 kPa.
Ispitivanja radnog učinka u skladu s Pravilnikom br. 13
Where, by agreement with the Technical Service, it is impractical to measure the actuator stroke, the initial setting shall be agreed with the Technical Service.
Ispitivanje tipa 0.
From the above condition the brake shall be operated with an actuator pressure of 30 per cent of the brake system operating pressure but not less than 200 kPa 50 times in succession.
Ispitivanje tipa II.
This shall be followed by a single brake application with an actuator pressure of ≥ 650 kPa.
Sustav parkirne kočnice (ako je potrebno)
In the case of hydraulically operated disc brakes, no setting requirements are deemed necessary.
Ispitivanje pri velikom opterećenju
In the case of hydraulically operated drum brakes, the adjustment of the brakes shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
PROVJERA ZAHTJEVA ISPITIVANJA NA VOZILU
Not later than 60 seconds after completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be measured under the conditions of speed and pressure applied in the Type 0 test.
Reprezentativno vozilo za odabranu ispitnu skupinu (vidjeti definiciju u stavku 5.3.6. ovog Pravilnika) za koju se traži homologacija ili izvješće o dijelovima za zamjenski kočni disk/bubanj mora biti opremljeno zamjenskim kočnim diskom/bubnjem i ispitnim uređajima za ispitivanje kočnica u skladu s odredbama Pravilnika br. 13 ili 13-H.
For vehicles of category M1 and N1 the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) must not be less than 75 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake in the Type 0 test nor less than 4,8 m/s2.
Zamjenski kočni disk/bubanj ugrađuje se na predmetnu osovinu zajedno s pratećim kočnim oblogama čiji je tip homologiran na temelju pravilnika br. 13, 13-H ili 90 koje su dostupne od proizvođača vozila ili osovine.
For vehicles of category M2, M3, N2 and N3 the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) must not be less than 60 per cent of the value achieved with the cold brake in the Type 0 test nor less than 4 m/s2.
Ako se ne utvrdi ujednačeni postupak o tome kako će se djelovati na kočnice, ispitivanje se provodi u dogovoru s tehničkom službom.
Free running test
Sva se ispitivanja navedena u nastavku provode na kočnicama koje su uhodane.
In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices, after completing the tests defined in paragraph 3.4.2.2 above the brake shall be allowed to cool to a temperature representative of a cold brake (i.e. ≤ 100 °C) and it shall be verified that the brake is capable of free running by fulfilling one of the following conditions:
Isti se program „uhodavanja” upotrebljava i za zamjenske i za originalne kočne diskove i bubnjeve.
The disc or drum is running freely (i.e. may be rotated by hand);
Ispitivanje kočnica tipa 0. s odspojenim motorom i opterećenim vozilom
When the disc or drum is rotated at a rotational speed equivalent to a constant speed of v = 60 km/h with the brake released the asymptotic temperatures shall not exceed a drum/disc temperature increase of 80 °C.
To se ispitivanje provodi u skladu sa stavkom 1.4.2.
Brake test Type II
Priloga 4.
The brakes shall be heated from an initial temperature of ≤ 100 °C by dragging the brake at a constant rotational speed equivalent to 30 km/h with a constant braking torque corresponding to a deceleration, excluding rolling resistance, of 0,15 m/s2 for a period of 12 minutes.
Pravilniku br. 13 ili stavkom 1.4.2.
In the case of brakes equipped with automatic brake adjustment devices the adjustment of the brake shall, prior to the Type II test above, be set according to the procedure as laid down in paragraph 3.4.2.1.2 of this annex.
Priloga 3.
Not later than 60 seconds after completion of the heating procedure the hot performance shall be measured under the conditions of speed and brake actuating pressure applied in the Type 0 test.
Pravilniku br. 13-H.
With the heated brake the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or the mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) must not be less than 3,75 m/s2.
Ispitivanje kočnica tipa 0. sa spojenim motorom, vozilo neopterećeno i opterećeno
See paragraph 3.4.2.3 of this annex
To se ispitivanje provodi u skladu sa stavkom 1.4.3.
Brake test Type-0 test (simulation engine connected)
Priloga 4.
Instead of the Type 0 test with engine connected, for the purpose of this Regulation it is acceptable to carry out a test simulating for the laden condition (see paragraph 3.2 of this annex).
Pravilniku br. 13 (dopunsko ispitivanje kojim se ispituje kako se vozilo ponaša tijekom kočenja pri visokoj brzini) ili stavkom 1.4.3.
Initial Speed - v1 (km/h)
Priloga 3.
From an initial rotational speed equivalent to the vehicle speeds in the table above and at a brake temperature of ≤ 100 °C at the start of each application make three brake applications at the same brake actuating pressure such that a mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) or a mean brake torque based on the braking distance equivalent to the mean fully developed deceleration, including the rolling resistance (see paragraph 3.4.1.1 of this annex) of at least 5,76 m/s2, for vehicles of categories M1 and N1 or 4 m/s2, for vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2 and N3 is achieved.
Pravilniku br. 13-H.
The average of the three results shall be taken as the cold performance
Ispitivanja kočnica tipa I.
Using the replacement brake disc/drum, at least six consecutive brake applications with different, gradually increasing control forces or brake pressures are carried out as part of the process up to a mean fully developed deceleration of 6 m/s2 (M1, M2, N1) or 5 m/s2 (M3, N2, N3).
To se ispitivanje provodi u skladu sa stavkom 1.5.1.
The control forces or line pressure have not to exceed the maximum allowed control forces or line pressure that is permanently guaranteed by the braking system of the vehicle (e. g. cut in pressure of the compressor).
Priloga 4.
The brake test described in paragraph 3.5.1 also has to be carried out using the original brake disc/drum.
Pravilniku br. 13 ili stavkom 1.5.1.Priloga 3.
The dynamic frictional properties at the end of the procedure (step 9 or 18) of the replacement brake disc/drum can be regarded as similar to those of the original brake disc/drum, provided the values attained in relation to the mean fully developed deceleration at the same operating pressures or control forces in the region of the upper 2/3 of the curve generated do not deviate by either ± 8 per cent or ± 0,4 m/s2 from those of the original brake disc/drum.
Pravilniku br. 13-H.
INTEGRITY TESTS USING AN INERTIA DYNAMOMETER
Na kraju ispitivanja kočnica tipa I. radni učinak kočnica dok su vruće mora biti zadovoljavajući u skladu sa stavkom 1.5.3.
The tests are conducted in accordance with paragraph 4.1 (discs) or 4.2 (drums).
Priloga 4.
A single test per test group is required unless the replacement part does not achieve the required number of cycles before damage or failure (see paragraph 4.1.1.1.3 or 4.1.1.2.3 of this annex).
Pravilniku br. 13 ili stavkom 1.5.2.
The brake should be installed on the dynamometer in accordance with its fitting position on the vehicle (rigidly mounted brakes or those installed by means of a stub axle are exempt).
Priloga 3.
The temperature of the brake disc/brake drum should be measured in as close proximity to the friction rubbing surface as possible.
Pravilniku br. 13-H.
The temperature measurement should be recorded and the method and measuring point shall be the same for all tests.
Ispitivanja kočnica tipa II.
If cooling air is used during a brake application or between brake applications inside one braking cycle, the speed of the airflow at the brake shall be limited to vair = 0,33 v
To se ispitivanje provodi u skladu sa stavkom 1.6.
This test is conducted using a new disc, an original brake caliper of the vehicle(s) concerned and new brake lining assemblies of the vehicle(s) concerned which have been type approved according to Regulation No 13, 13-H or 90 (in the condition as mounted on the vehicle, e.g. protective grease removed).
Priloga 4.
Worn brake linings may be replaced during the test if necessary.
Pravilniku br. 13.
Test conditions (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
Ako sustav radne kočnice i sustav parkirne kočnice upotrebljavaju zajedničku tarnu površinu diska ili bubnja, nije nužno provoditi posebno ispitivanje sustava parkirne kočnice.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 of Annex 11.
Zadovoljavajući rezultati na ispitivanju tipa 0. s opterećenim vozilom znače ispunjenje zahtjeva za sustav parkirne kočnice.
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the mean of the largest and smallest dynamic rolling radius of the tyres authorized for that vehicle.
Statičko ispitivanje na nizbrdici od 18 % s opterećenim vozilom
Test program (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
Vozilo mora biti u skladu sa svim odgovarajućim odredbama utvrđenima u stavku 2.3.
The new brake linings and the new disc shall be fitted to the relevant brakes and bedded (burnished) according to the procedure of Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.2.3.
Priloga 4.
If any new brake linings are required in order to complete the test, they shall be bedded (burnished) according to the same procedure:
Pravilniku br. 13 ili stavku 2.3.
Table A11/4.1.1.1.2
Priloga 3.
Test provision
Pravilniku br. 13-H koje se primjenjuju na tu kategoriju vozila.
Thermal fatigue test
Za ovo ispitivanje vozilo mora biti opterećeno i sva se aktiviranja kočnice moraju obavljati na ravnoj cesti s odspojenim motorom.
Vehicle categories
Sustav radne kočnice vozila mora biti opremljen napravom za odvajanje prednjih od stražnjih kočnica, tako da se obje uvijek mogu upotrebljavati neovisno jedna o drugoj.
Type of braking
Ako se homologacija ili izvješće o dijelu traži za kočni disk/bubanj za prednje kočnice, stražnje kočnice ostaju neaktivne za vrijeme ispitivanja.
Sequential brake applications
Ako se homologacija ili izvješće o dijelu traži za kočni disk/bubanj za stražnje kočnice, prednje kočnice ostaju neaktivne za vrijeme ispitivanja.
Braking interval (= ttotal)
Usporedba radnog učinka kod hladnih kočnica
Number of brake applications per cycle
Kod hladnih kočnica radni učinak zamjenskog kočnog diska/bubnja uspoređuje se s ekvivalentnim originalnim dijelovima usporedbom rezultata ispitivanja navedenog u nastavku.
Brake torque set to produce a deceleration of
Kao dio postupka upotrebom zamjenskog kočnog diska/bubnja provodi se barem šest uzastopnih aktiviranja kočnica postupnim povećavanjem kontrolne sile ili kočnog tlaka do trenutka blokiranja kotača ili do postizanja prosječnog punog usporenja od 6 m/s2 (M1, M2, N1) ili 3,5 m/s2 (M3, N2, N3) ili najveće dopuštene kontrolne sile ili tlaka u vodu za ovu kategoriju vozila, pri čemu je početna brzina za ispitivanje kočnih diskova i bubnjeva prednjih ili stražnjih osovina navedena u tablici u nastavku:
Total number of braking cycles
Tablica A11./2.4.1.1.
100 or 150 (see 4.1.1.1.3)
Prije svakog aktiviranja kočnice početna temperatura kočnog diska/bubnja mora biti ≤ 100 °C.
Brake applications
Ispitivanje kočnica iz stavka 2.4.1.1. mora se provesti i s originalnim kočnim diskom/bubnjem.
Initial temperature of the 1st brake application in each cycle
Dinamička tarna svojstva zamjenskog kočnog diska/bubnja mogu se smatrati sličnima svojstvima originalnog kočnog diska/bubnja pod uvjetom da vrijednosti ostvarene u odnosu na prosječno puno postignuto usporenje pod istim radnim tlakom ili kontrolnim silama u području od gornje 2/3 krivulje ne odstupaju za više od ± 10 % ili ± 0,4 m/s2 od vrijednosti za originalne kočne diskove/bubnjeve.
the vmax to be used to test the replacement part is that corresponding to the vehicle which has the highest ratio of kinetic energy to disc mass
Opremanje dinamometra
actual braking period during the application
Za potrebe ispitivanja dinamometar mora biti opremljen originalnom kočnom čeljusti ili kočnicom predmetnog vozila.
minimum acceleration time in accordance with the accelerating power of the respective vehicle
Inercijski dinamometar mora biti opremljen mjeračem nepromjenjivog momenta sile i opremom za trajno bilježenje brzine vrtnje, kočnog tlaka, broja okretaja nakon aktiviranja kočnice, kočnog momenta, vremena kočenja i temperature kočnih diskova/bubnjeva.
rest period
Inercijska masa inercijskog dinamometra
Braking interval (tbra + tacc + trest)
Inercijska masa inercijskog dinamometra mora se odrediti što je bliže moguće teoretski zahtijevanoj vrijednosti koja odgovara onom dijelu ukupne inercije vozila pri kočenju odgovarajućeg kotača, uz dopušteno odstupanje od ± 5 %.
Test result (brake disc thermal fatigue test)
Za izračunavanje se upotrebljava sljedeća formula:
The test is regarded as having been passed if 150 or more cycles are completed without damage or failure.
I = rotacijska inercija (kgm2),
If less than 150 cycles but more than 100 cycles are completed without damage or failure then the test must be repeated on a new replacement part.
r dyn = dinamički polumjer kotrljanja gume (m),
Under these circumstances both tests must complete more than 100 cycles without damage or failure for the part to have passed the test.
m = ispitna masa (dio najveće dopuštene mase vozila koje se koči odgovarajućim kotačem) kako je propisano u ovom Pravilniku.
If less than 100 cycles are completed before damage or failure then a test should be conducted on the original part and the results compared.
Dinamički polumjer kotrljanja
If the damage or failure point is no worse than the number of cycles of the original part -10 per cent then the test is regarded as having been passed.
Kod izračuna inercijske mase uzima se u obzir dinamički polumjer kotrljanja (rdyn) najveće gume odobrene za vozilo (ili osovinu).
Damage in this context means:
Ispitna masa
Radial cracks on the friction surface which are longer than 2/3 of the radial height of the friction surface;
Ispitna masa za izračun inercijske mase je sljedeća:
Cracks on the friction surface which reach the inner or outer diameter of the friction surface;
kad je riječ o ispitivanju kočnih diskova i bubnjeva prednje osovine:
Through-cracking of any friction ring;
m veh = najveća dopuštena masa vozila
Any type of structural damage or cracks in any area outside the friction surface.
n front = broj prednjih osovina
Vehicles of categories M2, M3, N2 and N3
kad je riječ o ispitivanju kočnih diskova i bubnjeva stražnje osovine:
Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 7,5 t
n rear = broj stražnjih osovina
By means of the following Test program, brake discs are tested as components of the braking system.
Tablica A11./3.2.1.2.
It does not imitate actual driving conditions but is understood as being purely a component test.
Postotak mase m koja se uzima u obzir
The parameters listed below in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 cover the brakes that are presently used as a rule on vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 7,5 t.
Vrijednosti X (prednja osovina)
Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1
Vrijednosti Y (stražnja osovina)
Outside disc diameter
kad je riječ o ispitivanju kočnih diskova i bubnjeva za vozila s više od dviju osovina:
Test parameter
m axle : najveća tehnički dopuštena masa osovine
Example of equipment
Početna brzina vrtnje dinamometra odgovara pravocrtnoj brzini vozila pri 80 km/h (M1, N1) ili 60 km/h (M2, M3, N2, N3) na temelju prosječnih vrijednosti dinamičkih polumjera kotrljanja najveće i najmanje gume odobrenih veličina guma.
Test mass m [kg]
Hlađenje
‘Brake size’/smallest possible rim size
Hlađenje se može izvršiti u skladu sa stavkom 3.2.3.1. ili 3.2.3.2.
The inertia mass of the inertia dynamometer shall be determined in accordance with the requirements laid down in paragraph 3.2.1 of Annex 11 in conjunction with the parameters specified in the table above (test mass and rdyn).
Ispitivanje se provodi s potpunim kotačem (naplatak i guma) postavljenim na pokretni dio kočnice kao što bi bilo na vozilu (u najgorem slučaju).
The rotational speed of the dynamometer shall correspond to the linear test speed of the vehicle based on the dynamic tyre rolling radii specified in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1.
Kad je riječ o ispitivanjima tipa I. i tipa II., pri mjerenju temperature može se upotrijebiti hlađenje zrakom pri brzini i protoku zraka kojima se simuliraju stvarni uvjeti, s tim da je brzina zraka vair = 0,33 v
Vehicles with a maximum permissible mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t
U drugim slučajevima zrak za hlađenje nije ograničen.
As regards vehicles with a maximum permitted mass > 3,5 t and ≤ 7,5 t in respect of which the parameters listed in Table A11/4.1.1.2.1.1 do not apply, the test parameters shall be selected in such a way that the worst case scenario that formed the basis of the range of use of the replacement brake disc (maximum permitted vehicle mass, maximum tyre equipment size) is covered.
Zrak za hlađenje mora biti na temperaturi okoline.
Table A11/4.1.1.2.2
Ispitivanje koje se provodi bez naplataka
distance-related mean deceleration.
Kad je riječ o ispitivanjima tipa I. i tipa II. pri mjerenju temperature nije dopušteno hlađenje.
‘Bedding-in’ procedure
Priprema kočnice
100 brake applications
Disk-kočnice