natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The average labour costs of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:
Prodajne cijene u Uniji i trošak proizvodnje
Table 11
Izvor: provjereni odgovori na upitnik proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku
Average labour costs per employee
Prosječna jedinična prodajna cijena u Uniji (EUR/komad)
Source: Verified questionnaire replies of sampled Union producers.
Prosječni trošak proizvodnje (EUR/komad)
Average labour costs per employee (EUR)
Prosječna jedinična prodajna cijena smanjila se za 19 EUR, dok su se tijekom istog razdoblja jedinični troškovi smanjili za 12 EUR.
The average labour cost increased over the period considered by 6 %.
To odgovara sniženju cijena od 8 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja, dok su se troškovi smanjili za 6 %.
Inventories
Tijekom razdoblja ispitnog postupka trošak proizvodnje povećao se u odnosu na 2016. što se u potpunosti nije moglo odraziti na prodajnu cijenu.
Stock levels of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:
Za tri razine izvršena je zasebna analiza koja se temeljila na istoj metodologiji kako je opisana.
Table 12
U 1. razini prosječna jedinična prodajna cijena smanjila se za 25 EUR, dok su se tijekom istog razdoblja jedinični troškovi smanjili za 19 EUR.
Closing stocks (Index 2014 = 100)
Oboje se smanjilo za 9 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja.
Closing stocks as a percentage of production
Tablica 8.
Stocks have increased by 44 % over the period considered and reached around 9 % of the yearly production.
Prodajne cijene u Uniji i trošak proizvodnje – 1. razina
This situation has a negative impact on the financial situation of the sampled Union producers.
U 2. razini prosječna jedinična prodajna cijena smanjila se za 27 EUR, dok su se tijekom istog razdoblja jedinični troškovi smanjili za 17 EUR.
Profitability, cash flow, investments, return on investments and ability to raise capital
To odgovara sniženju prosječne cijene od 12 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja, dok su se troškovi smanjili za 9 %.
Profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:
Tablica 9.
Table 13
Prodajne cijene u Uniji i trošak proizvodnje – 2. razina
Profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments
Prosječna jedinična prodajna cijena u Uniji na ukupnom tržištu (EUR/komad)
Profitability of sales in the Union to unrelated customers (% of sales turnover)
U 3. razini prosječna jedinična prodajna cijena smanjila se za 9 EUR, dok su se tijekom istog razdoblja jedinični troškovi povećali za 2 EUR.
Cash flow (in million EUR)
To odgovara sniženju prosječne cijene od 5 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja, dok su se troškovi povećali za 1 %.
Investments (in million EUR)
Tablica 10.
Return on investments (%)
Prodajne cijene u Uniji i trošak proizvodnje – 3. razina
The Commission established the profitability of the sampled Union producers by expressing the pre-tax net profit of the sales of the like product to unrelated customers in the Union as a percentage of the turnover of those sales.
Troškovi rada
The overall profitability decreased from 15,6 % in 2014 to 13,7 % in the investigation period.
Prosječni troškovi rada proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku tijekom razmatranog razdoblja razvijali su se na sljedeći način:
This was calculated on the basis of the weight of each of the tiers in the sales, as explained in recitals (161) and (162).
Tablica 11.
The decreasing profitability by 1,9 percentage points is the result of a sharper decrease in prices (– 8 %) than the decrease in costs (– 6 %).
Prosječni troškovi rada po zaposleniku
The overall profitability is influenced by the profitability in the tier 1, whereas the tier 3 alone became loss-making during the investigation period.
Izvor: provjereni odgovori na upitnik proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku
Moreover, the relative trend in profitability for the entire Union industry is also decreasing.
Prosječni troškovi rada po zaposleniku (EUR)
The net cash flow is the ability of the Union producers to self-finance their activities.
Prosječni trošak rada povećao se tijekom razmatranog razdoblja za 6 %.
The trend in net cash flow shows a decrease by 12 %.
Zalihe
The return on investments is the profit in percentage of the net book value of investments.
Razine zaliha proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku tijekom razmatranog razdoblja razvijale su se na sljedeći način:
It developed negatively from 21,0 % to 17,6 % over the period considered.
Tablica 12.
The profitability in tier 1 fluctuated during the period considered.
Završne zalihe (Indeks 2014. = 100)
It increased from 2014 (17,9 %) to 2015 (21,8 %) and then decreased in the investigation period to a level slightly below 2014 (17,5 %).
Završne zalihe kao postotak proizvodnje
This is partly explained by the evolution of the cost of production and the prices, since in 2015 the cost of production decreased more than the selling prices.
Zalihe su se tijekom razmatranog razdoblja povećale za 44 % i dosegle približno 9 % godišnje proizvodnje.
In tier 1, the net cash flow remained stable while the return on investments decreased from 26,0 % to 24,3 % during the period considered.
Ta situacija negativno utječe na financijsko stanje proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku.
Table 14
Profitabilnost, novčani tok, ulaganja, povrat ulaganja i sposobnost prikupljanja kapitala
Tier 1 profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments
Profitabilnost, novčani tok, ulaganja i povrat ulaganja proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku tijekom razmatranog razdoblja razvijali su se na sljedeći način:
Regarding tier 2, the profitability declined by 2,6 percentage points over the period considered (from 17,9 % in 2014 to 15,3 % in the investigation period).
Tablica 13.
In tier 2, the net cash flow decreased significantly by 22 % and the return on investments decreased from 20,4 % to 16,2 % over the period considered.
Profitabilnost, novčani tok, ulaganja i povrat ulaganja
Table 15
Profitabilnost prodaje u Uniji nepovezanim kupcima (% prodajnog prometa)
Tier 2 profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments
Novčani tok (u milijunima EUR)
Tier 3 is loss-making in the investigation period (– 0,4 %).
Ulaganja (u milijunima EUR)
The losses for the SMEs were particularly pronounced (– 6,1 % in the investigation period).
Povrat ulaganja (%)
The profitability for the large companies in tier 3 halved from 2014 to the investigation period from 10 % to 4,8 %.
Komisija je utvrdila profitabilnost proizvođača iz Unije u uzorku iskazivanjem neto dobiti prije oporezivanja od prodaje istovjetnog proizvoda nepovezanim kupcima u Uniji kao postotak prometa od te prodaje.
In tier 3, the net cash flow decreased significantly by 62 % and the return on investments decreased from 7,6 % to 2,5 % over the period considered.
Ukupna profitabilnost smanjila se sa 15,6 % 2014. na 13,7 % u razdoblju ispitnog postupka.
Table 16
To se izračunalo na temelju pondera svake razine u prodaji, kako je objašnjeno u uvodnim izjavama 161. i 162.
Tier 3 profitability, cash flow, investments and return on investments
Smanjenje profitabilnosti za 1,9 postotnih bodova rezultat je snažnijeg pada cijena (– 8 %) nego smanjenja troškova (– 6 %).
Interconnection between the tiers
Na ukupnu profitabilnost utječe profitabilnost 1. razine, dok je u razdoblju ispitnog postupka sama 3. razina zabilježila gubitke.
The Union market for tyres for buses or lorries has been strongly affected by the economic crisis.
Nadalje, relativno kretanje profitabilnosti cijele industrije Unije također je silazno.
As the consumption of tyres is intrinsically linked to the purchase of new vehicles and of kilometres travelled by the fleets, it is very dependent on the overall economic activity.
Neto novčani tok sposobnost je proizvođača iz Unije da samostalno financiraju svoje aktivnosti.
Any variation in the economic activity, and notably of the volume of goods transported by road, is reflected directly in the tyre sales.
U području neto novčanog toka zabilježeno je smanjenje od 12 %.
In a period when lorries are used less, acquisition of new lorries or replacement of lorries' tyres becomes less necessary and therefore the tyres market declines.
Povrat ulaganja označava dobit izraženu kao postotak neto knjigovodstvene vrijednosti ulaganja.
After the economic crisis, there has been a structural shift of demand from the higher tiers to the lower tiers, where price tends to drive the purchasing decision.
Tijekom razmatranog razdoblja razvijao se negativno, sa 21,0 % na 17,6 %.
As retreaders are under strong pressure, closure of plants and workshops have been increasingly numerous as set out in recital (175).
Povećavala se od 2014.
Due to the lack of available local facilities, it becomes less possible to retread a high-quality worn out tyre.
(17,9 %) do 2015.
Consequently, the purchase of a high-quality tyre with the option of multiple retreadings becomes less attractive.
(21,8 %), a zatim se tijekom razdoblja ispitnog postupka smanjila na razinu nešto nižu od razine iz 2014.
In light of these developments and in the face of low-priced imports of tier 3 tyres, which accounted for most of the Chinese imports, Union producers of new tyres have no option but to strengthen their presence in tier 3, too.
(17,5 %).
Finally, the intersegment competition is also clear from the impact of the prices in the lower tiers on the pricing in the higher tier.
To se djelomično objašnjava razvojem troška proizvodnje i cijena jer se 2015. trošak proizvodnje smanjio više od prodajnih cijena.
In the Union, prices of tier 1 tyres have felt the pressure of cheap imports.
U 1. razini neto novčani tok ostao je stabilan, dok se povrat ulaganja smanjio sa 26,0 % na 24,3 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja.
The complainant claimed that the impact was all the more obvious in regional areas where tier 3 tyres were more present (i.e. in these areas tier 1 tyres were typically priced at lower levels than in other areas of the Union which highlights the competitive impact of tier 3 tyres on tier 1 tyres).
Tablica 14.
This means that economic operators appear to have shifted part of their purchase from tier 1 or tier 2 tyres to tier 3 tyres, showing that competition takes place across the different segments.
Profitabilnost, novčani tok, ulaganja i povrat ulaganja za 1. razinu
The table below shows the share per tier in the Union consumption in 2012 and in 2016.
Profitabilnost 2. razine smanjila se za 2,6 postotnih bodova tijekom razmatranog razdoblja (sa 17,9 % 2014. na 15,3 % u razdoblju ispitnog postupka).
In that period, Union consumption increased by around 3,8 million items, and over 90 % of such increase was in tier 3 (around 3,6 million items).
U 2. razini neto novčani tok znatno se smanjio, za 22 %, dok se povrat ulaganja smanjio sa 20,4 % na 16,2 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja.
This resulted in a tilt of the relative importance of tier 3, which increased from 27 % to 39 % of total Union consumption.
Tablica 15.
Table 17
Profitabilnost, novčani tok, ulaganja i povrat ulaganja za 2. razinu
Union consumption split per tier in years 2012 and 2016
U razdoblju ispitnog postupka u 3. razini zabilježen je gubitak (– 0,4 %).
Source: ETRMA and Eurostat Comext.
Gubici za MSP-ove bili su posebno izraženi (– 6,1 % u razdoblju ispitnog postupka).
Tier 1
Profitabilnost za velika društva u 3. razini prepolovila se od 2014. do razdoblja ispitnog postupka, sa 10 % na 4,8 %.
Tier 2
U 3. razini neto novčani tok znatno se smanjio, za 62 %, dok se povrat ulaganja smanjio sa 7,6 % na 2,5 % tijekom razmatranog razdoblja.
Tier 3
Tablica 16.
On the basis of the information collected, the Commission determined that, in the past, tier 1 tyres set the price benchmark for the others tiers.
Profitabilnost, novčani tok, ulaganja i povrat ulaganja za 3. razinu
The main Union producers concentrated in tiers 1 and 2, where tyres were/are designed to have a long life cycle and to be retreadable.
Međusobna povezanost razina
Consumers valued these physical and performance properties and were willing to pay higher prices for these properties.
Tržište Unije za gume za autobuse ili kamione snažno je pogođeno gospodarskom krizom.
However, information available to the Commission showed that the above mentioned pricing trend changed and a ‘reverse-cascading effect’ started with tier 3 prices inversely affecting tier 1.
Budući da je potrošnja guma neodvojivo povezana s kupnjom novih vozila i prijeđenom kilometražom flote, u velikoj mjeri ovisi o općoj gospodarskoj aktivnosti.
Of note, most of the low-priced imports relate to tier 3 where the Union producers suffered losses during the investigation period.
Svaka promjena gospodarske aktivnosti, a posebno obujma robe koja se prevozi cestom, izravno se odražava na prodaju guma.
On the basis of above the Commission provisionally concluded that that there is symbiotic relationship between the different tiers, where price pressure on tier 3 also affects the prices in the other tiers.
U razdoblju kada se kamioni manje upotrebljavaju, kupnja novih kamiona ili zamjena guma za kamione postaje manje potrebna i stoga tržište guma bilježi pad.
Conclusion on injury
Nakon gospodarske krize zabilježen je strukturni pomak potražnje sa viših razina na niže razine gdje je odluka o kupnji ovisi o cijeni.
Overall, the injury indicators show that the Union industry as a whole has been under intensive pressure.
U tom kontekstu jeftine ponude uvezenih guma i sklonost određenih vlasnika flota prema jeftinijim gumama imali su glavnu ulogu u preobrazbi tržišta Unije.
There was a reduction of production capacity, investment and employment over the period of investigation and a significant loss of market share despite decreasing sales prices.
Budući da se proizvođači protektiranih guma nalaze pod snažnim pritiskom, primjeri zatvaranja postrojenja i radionica sve su brojniji kako je utvrđeno u uvodnoj izjavi 175.
Market share was gained by imports of the product concerned at the expense of the Union industry, irrespective of segmentation, resulting in over 4200 jobs lost.
Zbog nedostatka dostupnih lokalnih postrojenja postoji manje mogućnosti za protektiranje visokokvalitetne istrošene gume.
While still around 14 % for the industry as a whole, profitability declined by 1,9 percentage points between 2014 and the IP and by 3 percentage points between 2015 and the IP.
Stoga kupnja visokokvalitetne gume s opcijom višekratnih protektiranja postaje manje privlačna.
It was also provisionally established that Chinese imports were substantially undercutting the Union industry prices, which, in turn, pointed to a direct and significant impact on the deteriorating performance and declining capacity, production, employment and other injury indicators of the Union industry.
S obzirom na navedeni razvoj događaja i suočeni s jeftinim uvozom guma iz 3. razine, koji je činio većinu kineskog uvoza, proizvođači novih guma iz Unije nemaju druge mogućnosti osim da i oni ojačaju svoju prisutnost u 3. razini.
The negative development was most felt in the tier 3 where many SMEs retreaders exited the market and could not benefit from the economic recovery in the sector, which was ultimately captured by the low-priced imports.
Naposljetku, tržišno natjecanje između segmenata isto je tako lišeno učinka cijena u nižim razinama na određivanje cijena u višoj razini.
It is recalled that the companies mostly active in tier 3 account for around 20 % of the total Union production.
U Uniji su cijene guma iz 1. razine osjetile pritisak jeftinog uvoza.
The losses of tier 3 are not sustainable and put the survival of the entire retreading activity in the Union at risk.
Podnositelj pritužbe tvrdio je da je učinak bio očitiji u regionalnim područjima gdje su gume iz 3. razine bile prisutnije (tj. u tim su područjima cijene guma iz 1. razine određene na nižim razinama od onih u drugim područjima Unije, čime se ističe konkurentski učinak guma iz 3. razine na gume iz 1. razine).
Moreover, the effects of the price pressure also affected the prices of the higher tiers.
To znači da su gospodarski subjekti vjerojatno preusmjerili dio svoje nabave sa guma iz 1. ili 2. razine na gume iz 3. razine, iz čega se vidjeti da tržišno natjecanje funkcionira u različitim segmentima.
The growing price pressure from tier 3 tyres resulting from low-priced imports, mostly relating to tier 3 tyres, has triggered a similar development in tier 2, where sales prices fell by 12 % in the period considered, and even the prices for tier 1 tyres had to be lowered by 9 % to remain competitive.
Posljedica toga bila je promjena relativne važnosti 3. razine, koja se povećala sa 27 % na 39 % ukupne potrošnje u Uniji.
Indeed, given the price interconnection between the tiers, even the best-performing tier 1 was suffering from the reverse-cascading price pressure across the three tiers explained in the previous chapter.
Tablica 17.
This resulted in industrial depletion, loss of value throughout the supply chain of all three tiers, and degradation of the quality of the tyres available on the Union market.
Podjela potrošnje u Uniji po razinama u godinama 2012. i 2016.
Moreover, the intense price competition in all three tiers has negative consequences for the capacity utilisation and leads to rising stocks of the industry (Table 12), coupled with less cash flow and investments (Table 13).
Izvor: ETRMA i Eurostatova baza podataka Comext
Finally, the loss of the retreading industry in the Union also affects the profitability that the companies active in tier 1 and 2 can achieve.
razina
Therefore, it is provisionally concluded that the Union industry suffered injury within the meaning of Article 3(5) of the basic Regulation.
razina
In addition, the complainants alleged that there was a risk of further aggravation of injury.
razina
In their view, numerous measures have been imposed in other import export markets which could cause immediate trade diversion.
Na temelju prikupljenih informacija Komisija je utvrdila da se u prošlosti referentna cijena za ostale razine određivala na temelju guma iz 1. razine.
Moreover, the Union producers are said to be under threat on their export markets, as some countries such as Turkey had initiated a safeguard investigation.
Glavni proizvođači iz Unije većinom su poslovali u 1. i 2. razini, u kojima su se gume oblikovale (i još se oblikuju) tako da imaju dug životni ciklus i da se mogu protektirati.
The risk of aggravation would also be linked to massive overcapacities in the PRC, where unused capacities represent about 40 % of current Chinese exports.
Potrošači su cijenili te fizičke značajke i značajke u pogledu učinkovitosti te su bili spremni platiti više cijene za te značajke.
The complainants further feared a structural impact on the EU market of tyres as the additional cost to purchase a high-quality tyre would become less and less possible to justify when the option of multiple retreading of a high-quality tyre disappears together with the retreading industry.
Međutim, informacije kojima je Komisija raspolagala pokazale su da se prethodno navedeno kretanje određivanja cijena promijenilo i da je „obrnuti kaskadni učinak” započeo s cijenama u 3. razini i inverzno utjecao na 1. razinu.
Finally, they foresee a continuous improvement of tyres from the PRC.
Treba napomenuti da se većina jeftinog uvoza odnosi na 3. razinu, gdje su tijekom razdoblja ispitnog postupka proizvođači iz Unije zabilježili gubitke.
If higher-quality tyres from the PRC were allowed to compete with Union tyres at dumped prices, this would reduce the Union tyre industry margins and hence its capacity to invest and innovate.
Na temelju prethodno navedenog Komisija je privremeno zaključila da postoji simbiotski odnos između različitih razina gdje cjenovni pritisak na 3. razinu utječe i na cijene u ostalim razinama.
This, in turn, would likely force the Union industry to rely on lower quality tyres requiring limited investment in R & D, further affecting their retreadability.
Zaključak o šteti
The Commission observed at this stage that the ‘Tire Industry Policy’ of the PRC encourages tyre manufacturers to improve on technical aspects and on the branding (such as to implement branding strategies, to increase the popularity and the reputation of the brand, and to continue raising brand value) and noted that a parallel anti-subsidy case is ongoing.
Ukupno se na temelju pokazatelja štete može vidjeti da je industrija Unije u cjelini pod velikim pritiskom.
Therefore, in view of the above, it invited parties to comment on the points brought forward by the complainants in the previous recital in order to allow it to analyse these points in detail for the definitive stage.
Tijekom razdoblja ispitnog postupka došlo je do smanjenja proizvodnog kapaciteta, ulaganja i zaposlenosti te do znatnog gubitka tržišnog udjela unatoč sniženju prodajnih cijena.
CAUSATION
Tržišni udio ostvaren je uvozom predmetnog proizvoda nauštrb industrije Unije, neovisno o segmentaciji, a posljedica je bila gubitak 4200 radnih mjesta.
In accordance with Article 3(6) of the basic Regulation, the Commission examined whether the dumped imports from the country concerned caused material injury to the Union industry.
Iako je i dalje iznosila oko 14 % za industriju u cjelini, profitabilnost se od 2014. do RIP-a smanjila za 1,9 postotnih bodova, a od 2015. do RIP-a za 3 postotna boda.
In accordance with Article 3(7) of the basic Regulation, the Commission also examined whether other known factors could at the same time have injured the Union industry.
Privremeno je utvrđeno da je kineski uvoz znatno snižavao cijene industrije Unije koje su potom imale izravan i znatan učinak na smanjene rezultate i smanjeni kapacitet, proizvodnju, zaposlenost i druge pokazatelje štete za industriju Unije.
The Commission ensured that any possible injury caused by factors other than the dumped imports from the country concerned was not attributed to the dumped imports.
To se negativno kretanje najviše osjetilo u 3. razini gdje su brojni MSP-ovi koji proizvode protektirane gume izašli sa tržišta i nisu mogli iskoristiti gospodarski oporavak u tom sektoru koji je naposljetku preuzeo jeftini uvoz.
Those factors are: imports from other third countries, export sales performance of the Union producers and costs evolution.
Podsjeća se da društva koja najviše posluju u 3. razini čine približno 20 % ukupne proizvodnje u Uniji.
Effects of the dumped imports
Gubici u 3. razini nisu održivi i ugrožavaju opstanak čitave djelatnosti protektiranja u Uniji.
Prices of dumped imports from the PRC significantly undercut Union industry prices during the investigation period with undercutting margins ranging from 21 % to 31 % leading to decreasing market share and profitability for the Union industry (respectively from 72,0 % to 66,8 % and from 15,6 % in 2014 to 13,7 % during the period considered).
Osim toga, učinci cjenovnog pritiska isto su tako utjecali na cijene viših razina.
In effect, during the period considered the Union industry sales volume slightly decreased whilst the import volume from the PRC rose by 32 % and thus seizing the bulk of the increase in Union consumption.
Rastući cjenovni pritisak guma iz 3. razine koji je posljedica jeftinog uvoza, koji se uglavnom odnosi na gume iz 3. razine, potaknuo je sličan razvoj događaja u 2. razini, gdje su cijene pale za 12 % u razmatranom razdoblju te su se čak i cijene za gume iz 1. razine morale smanjiti za 9 % kako bi ostale konkurentne.
Overall, during the period considered, the Union industry's loss of market share (– 5,2 percentage points) was taken by the Chinese imports (+ 4,2 percentage points).
Naime, s obzirom na međusobnu povezanost cijena među razinama, čak je i 1. razina koja ostvaruje najbolje rezultate osjetila obrnuti kaskadni učinak cjenovnog pritiska na sve tri razine kako je objašnjeno u prethodnom poglavlju.
The analysis of the injury indicators in recitals (155) to (203) shows that the economic situation of the Union industry, and in particular its financial situation, has worsened and this coincides with the arrival of large volumes of dumped imports from the PRC.
To je prouzročilo iscrpljivanje industrije, gubitak vrijednosti u cijelom lancu opskrbe u sve tri razine i smanjenje kvalitete guma raspoloživih na tržištu Unije.