natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This so-called ‘Market Economy Operator test’ (‘MEO test’) follows the basic concept that the behaviour of public authorities should be compared to that of similar private economic operators under normal market conditions to determine whether an agreement grants an advantage to its counterpart.
Uključuju dijeljenje rizikâ s obzirom na putnički promet te svu povezanu poslovnu i financijsku odgovornost, standardne programe poticaja i promjenu raspodjele rizikâ tijekom trajanja ugovorâ.
Preliminary remarks with regard to the MEO test
Stoga se jedna transakcija ne može stvarno usporediti s drugom na temelju cijene operacije prihvata i opreme ili cijene po putniku.
In accordance with point 53 of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines, the existence of aid to an airline using a particular airport can, in principle, be excluded if the price charged for the airport services corresponds to the market price (‘first approach’ — comparison with the market price).
Osim toga, određivanje referentne vrijednosti nije primjerena metoda za utvrđivanje tržišnih cijena ako dostupne referentne vrijednosti nisu definirane u odnosu na tržišna pitanja ili su javne intervencije znatno narušile postojeće cijene.
A second approach is to demonstrate through an ex ante analysis — that is to say, an analysis founded on information available when the aid is granted and on developments foreseeable at the time — that the arrangement will lead to a positive incremental profit contribution for the airport and is part of an overall strategy leading to profitability at least in the long term (‘second apporach’ — ex ante profitability analysis).
Zbog razloga objašnjenih u točkama od 57. do 59.
As regards the first approach, the Commission does not consider that, at the present time, an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for services provided by airports.
Smjernica za zračni prijevoz iz 2014. čini se da su ta narušavanja prisutna u zrakoplovnoj industriji:
It therefore considers an ex ante incremental profitability analysis to be the most relevant approach for the assessment of arrangements concluded by airports with individual airlines.
„Zračne luke u javnom vlasništvu javna tijela tradicionalno smatraju infrastrukturama za olakšavanje lokalnog razvoja, a ne kao poduzeća koja rade prema tržišnim uvjetima.
It should be noted that, in general, the application of the MEO principle based on an average price on other similar markets may prove helpful if such a price can be reasonably identified or deduced from other market indicators.
Stoga postoji tendencija da se cijene tih zračnih luka ne određuju uzimajući u obzir tržišne uvjete i, posebice, zdrave ex ante izglede za profitabilnošću, već se one uglavnom promatraju uzimajući u obzir socijalne ili regionalne okolnosti.
However, this method is of limited relevance for airport services, as the structure of costs and revenues tends to differ greatly from one airport to another.
Čak i kada su neke zračne luke u privatnom vlasništvu ili pod privatnom upravom ne uzimajući u obzir socijalna ili regionalna pitanja, na cijene koje zaračunavaju te zračne luke snažno mogu utjecati cijene koje zaračunava većina zračnih luka s javnim subvencijama jer zračni prijevoznici uzimaju te druge cijene u obzir tijekom pregovora s privatnim ili privatno upravljanim zračnim lukama.
This is because costs and revenues depend on how developed an airport is, the number of airlines which use the airport, its capacity in terms of passenger traffic, the state of the infrastructure and related investments, the regulatory framework which can vary from one Member State to another, and any debts or obligations entered into by the airport in the past.
U tim okolnostima Komisija snažno dvoji u to da se trenutačno može odrediti odgovarajuća referentna točka radi definiranja pravih tržišnih cijena usluga koje pružaju zračne luke.
Moreover, the liberalisation of the air transport market complicates any purely comparative analysis.
Ta se situacija u budućnosti može promijeniti ili razviti […]”.
As can be seen in this case, commercial practices between airports and airlines are not always based exclusively on a published schedule of charges.
Nadalje, kako podsjećaju sudovi Unije, određivanje referentne vrijednosti uz upućivanje na predmetni sektor samo je jedan od analitičkih alata koji se upotrebljavaju kako bi se odredilo je li za korisnika nastala gospodarska prednost koju ne bi dobio u uobičajenim tržišnim uvjetima.
Rather, these commercial relations vary to a great extent.
Stoga Komisija može primjenjivati taj pristup, ali nije to obvezna činiti u slučajevima u kojima bi to bilo neprimjereno, kao što je ovaj.
They include sharing risks with regard to passenger traffic and any related commercial and financial liability, standard incentive schemes and changing the spread of risks over the term of agreements.
Ryanair je u suštini tvrdio da se test subjekta u tržišnom gospodarstvu može primijeniti na temelju usporedbe s poslovnim dogovorima drugih europskih zračnih luka.
Consequently, one transaction cannot really be compared with another based on a turnaround price or price per passenger.
Konkretno, usporedio je naknade koje Ryanair plaća u zračnim lukama Bournemouth, Grenoble, Knock, Maastricht, Nîmes i Prestwick s naknadama koje na temelju ugovorâ plaća u zračnoj luci Lübeck.
In addition, benchmarking is not an appropriate method to establish market prices if the available benchmarks have not been defined with regard to market considerations or the existing prices are significantly distorted by public interventions.
Međutim, u toj studiji koja se temelji na usporedbi nije ocijenjeno je li uzorak referentnih zračnih luka ispunjivao sve kriterije iz Smjernica za zračni prijevoz iz 2014. jer su ocijenjeni samo intenzitet prometa, vrsta prometa u zračnoj luci i prosperitet okolnog područja.
Such distortions appear to be present in the aviation industry, for reasons explained in points 57 to 59 of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines:
U uvodnoj izjavi 296. svoje odluke o pokretanju postupka iz 2012.
‘Publicly owned airports have traditionally been considered by public authorities as infrastructures for facilitating local development and not as undertakings operating in accordance with market rules.
Komisija je usporedila naknade utvrđene u popratnim pismima iz 2010. s naknadama u zračnoj luci Hamburg, što je dovelo do dvojbi u pogledu usklađenosti naknada utvrđenih u popratnim pismima iz 2010. s tržištem.
Those airports' prices consequently tend not to be determined with regard to market considerations and in particular sound ex ante profitability prospects, but essentially having regard to social or regional considerations.
Komisija navodi da je intenzitet prometa u zračnoj luci Lübeck bio mnogo manji od onog u zračnoj luci Hamburg.
Even if some airports are privately owned or managed without social or regional considerations, the prices charged by those airports can be strongly influenced by the prices charged by the majority of publicly subsidised airports as the latter prices are taken into account by airlines during their negotiations with the privately owned or managed airports.
Činjenica je da je Hamburg bio najprometnija zračna luka u sjevernoj Njemačkoj.
In those circumstances, the Commission has strong doubts that at the present time, an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for services provided by airports.
Hamburg se upotrebljavao za sve segmente zračnog prijevoza, dok je Lübeck bio usmjeren na niskotarifne zračne prijevoznike koji su zahtijevali manji broj šaltera za prijavu i objekata za transferne putnike, nisu zahtijevali autobuse za putnike, zahtijevali su manji broj zaposlenika i objekata za rukovanje prtljagom te manje osoblja za čišćenje i omogućivali su brži prihvat i otpremu.
This situation may change or evolve in the future […]’.
Stoga zračna luka Hamburg nije bila dovoljno usporediva sa zračnom lukom Lübeck.
Moreover, as the Union courts have recalled, benchmarking by reference to the sector concerned is merely one analytical tool amongst others to determine if a beneficiary has received an economic advantage which it would not have obtained in normal market conditions.
S obzirom na ta razmatranja Komisija smatra da se na ovaj predmet mora primijeniti pristup koji se općenito preporučuje u Smjernicama za zračni prijevoz iz 2014. za primjenu testa subjekta u tržišnom gospodarstvu na odnose između zračnih luka i zračnih prijevoznika, tj. mora se primijeniti ex ante analiza dodatne profitabilnosti.
As such, while the Commission may use that approach, it is not obliged to do so where, as in this case, it would be inappropriate.
Vremenski okvir za ocjenu
Ryanair essentially argued that the MEO test can be applied based on a comparison with the commercial arrangements of other European airports.
Komisija smatra da je odgovarajući vremenski okvir za ocjenu profitabilnosti dogovorâ između zračnih luka i zračnih prijevoznika obično jednak vremenskom okviru samog ugovora.
In particular, it compared charges paid by Ryanair at Bournemouth, Grenoble, Knock, Maastricht, Nîmes and Prestwick airports with the charges paid by Ryanair under the agreements at Lübeck airport.
Budući da zračni prijevoznici mogu u kratkom roku prilagoditi svoje poslovanje i konkretan se sadržaj mogućih budućih ugovora obično ne može predvidjeti, privatni upravitelj zračne luke obično ne bi pretpostavio da će se određeni uvjeti nekog ugovora nastaviti primjenjivati i nakon njegova dogovorenog trajanja.
However, this comparison study did not assess whether the sample of benchmark airports fulfilled all the criteria spelled out in the 2014 Aviation Guidelines, as it only assessed traffic volumes, type of airport traffic and prosperity of the surrounding area.
Popratna pisma iz 2010. nisu sklopljena istodobno, nego u razmaku većem od šest mjeseci, i odnosila su se na različita razdoblja.
In recital 296 of its 2012 Opening Decision, the Commission compared the charges laid down in the 2010 Side Letters with the charges at Hamburg airport, which led to doubts as to the market conformity of the charges laid down in the 2010 Side Letters.
Nadalje, razlikuju se po sadržaju jer samo prvo popratno pismo sadržava znatnu dodatnu marketinšku naknadu povezanu s privremenom marketinškom aktivnošću.
The Commission notes that traffic volume in Lübeck was much lower than in Hamburg airport.
Komisija stoga smatra da su ugovori međusobno neovisni i da je profitabilnost svakog popratnog pisma potrebno zasebno ocijeniti za razdoblje njegova dogovorena trajanja.
In fact, Hamburg was the airport with the most traffic in northern Germany.
U presudi u predmetu Stardust Marine Sud je utvrdio sljedeće: „[…] u cilju ispitivanja ponaša li se država kao razumni ulagač u tržišnom gospodarstvu, nužno je staviti se u kontekst razdoblja u kojem su poduzete mjere financijske potpore radi ocjene gospodarske razumnosti postupanja države i tako se suzdržati od ocjenjivanja utemeljenog na kasnijoj situaciji”.
Hamburg was used for all segments of air transport, whereas Lübeck was specialised in low-cost carriers which required fewer check-in counters and facilities for transfer passengers, no passenger buses, less baggage-handling personnel and facilities, less cleaning personnel, and allowed for a shorter turnaround time.
Za potrebe ocjene predmetnih ugovora postojanje i iznos moguće potpore u ugovorima stoga je potrebno ocijeniti s obzirom na situaciju u vrijeme njihova potpisivanja i, konkretnije, s obzirom na dostupne informacije i događaje koji su se mogli predvidjeti u to vrijeme.
Consequently, Hamburg airport was not sufficiently comparable to Lübeck airport.
Ocjena prvog popratnog pisma
In the light of those considerations, the Commission takes the view that the approach generally recommended in the 2014 Aviation Guidelines for applying the MEO test to relationships between airports and airlines, namely the ex ante incremental profitability analysis, must be applied to this case.
U skladu s presudom u predmetu Charleroi, Komisija pri ocjeni predmetnih mjera mora uzeti u obzir sva bitna obilježja mjera i njihov kontekst.
Timeframe of the assessment
Treba utvrditi je li, kad sklapa dogovor sa zračnim prijevoznikom, zračna luka sposobna tijekom trajanja dogovora pokriti sve troškove koji proizlaze iz dogovora uz razumnu profitnu maržu na temelju razumnih srednjoročnih izgleda .
The Commission considers that the appropriate timeframe for assessing the profitability of arrangements between airports and airlines is typically the time horizon of the agreement itself.
To se mora odrediti na temelju razlike između dodatnih prihoda za koje se očekuje da će se ostvariti ugovorom i dodatnih troškova za koje se očekuje da će nastati kao posljedica ugovora, pri čemu se novčani tokovi koji iz toga proizađu diskontiraju po odgovarajućoj diskontnoj stopi.
As airlines are able to adapt their operations in a short timeframe and as the specific contents of possible future agreements usually cannot be predicted, a private airport operator would usually not assume that the specific terms of an agreement will continue beyond its agreed duration.
Taj je pristup opravdan činjenicom da upravitelj zračne luke može imati objektivan interes za sklapanje transakcije sa zračnim prijevoznikom, neovisno o usporedbi s uvjetima koje zračnim prijevoznicima nude drugi upravitelji zračnih luka ili čak s uvjetima koje isti upravitelj zračne luke nudi drugim zračnim prijevoznicima.
Furthermore, their content differs in so far as only Side Letter No 1 contains an additional marketing payment of considerable size connected to a temporary marketing event.
Takve politike diferencijacije cijena trebale bi, međutim, biti komercijalno opravdane.
The Court of Justice declared in the Stardust Marine judgment that, ‘[…] in order to examine whether or not the State has adopted the conduct of a prudent investor operating in a market economy, it is necessary to place oneself in the context of the period during which the financial support measures were taken in order to assess the economic rationality of the State's conduct, and thus to refrain from any assessment based on a later situation. ’
Komisija to smatra razumnim jer bi ugovor iz 2000. bio istekao u svibnju 2010.
For the purpose of assessing the agreements in question, both the existence and the amount of possible aid in the agreements therefore have to be assessed in the light of the situation prevailing at the time they were signed and, more specifically, in the light of the information available and developments foreseeable at the time.
Analiza dodatnih troškova i prihoda koju je provelo društvo Oxera temelji se na podacima iz te revidirane verzije poslovnog plana od 10. ožujka 2010. jer je ona izrađena bliže datumu potpisivanja ugovorâ iz 2010.
Assessment of Side Letter No 1
U planu se razlikuju tri scenarija:
According to the Charleroi judgment, when assessing the measures in question, the Commission has to take into account all the relevant features of the measures and their context.
najbolji slučaj: pretpostavlja se da će se promet znatno povećati tijekom tog razdoblja jer se očekuje da će Ryanair uspostaviti bazu u zračnoj luci.
It needs to be established whether, when setting up an arrangement with an airline, the airport is capable of covering all the costs stemming from the arrangement, over the duration of the arrangement, with a reasonable profit margin on the basis of sound medium-term prospects .
U skladu s tim, u planu se pretpostavlja povećanje prihoda od nezrakoplovnih djelatnosti i proširenje nezrakoplovnih usluga,
This is to be measured by the difference between the incremental revenues expected to be generated by the agreement and the incremental costs expected to be incurred as a result of the agreement, the resulting cash flows being discounted with an appropriate discount rate.
srednji slučaj: pretpostavlja se da će se poslovanje nastaviti kao i dosad, odnosno u skladu s podacima dostupnima za 2010., godinu izrade poslovnog plana, i
The Commission also notes in this context that price differentiation is a standard business practice.
Za potrebe analize ugovorâ iz 2010.
Such differentiated pricing policies should, however, be commercially justified.
Oxera je utvrdila da nije prikladno usvojiti predviđanja iz najgoreg scenarija poslovnog plana jer se u njemu pretpostavljalo da bi građani grada Hansestadt Lübeck u javnom glasovanju 2010. izglasali zatvaranje zračne luke.
When assessing the incremental profitability of the agreement, it is appropriate to take only into account the incremental costs and revenues generated over the duration of the agreement, that is to say from 28 March to 30 October 2010.
S obzirom na pozitivan ishod javnog glasovanja kojim su 25. travnja 2010., samo jedan mjesec nakon sklapanja prvog popratnog pisma, osigurana daljnja ulaganja u zračnu luku (vidjeti uvodnu izjavu 16.)
In line with this approach, Oxera provided an ex ante calculation of the incremental profitability of the 2010 Side Letters.
Komisija razumnom smatra pretpostavku da su obje stranke očekivale nastavak poslovanja zračne luke.
In its calculations, Oxera takes into account all incremental traffic, and all costs and revenues relating to Ryanair's operation at Lübeck airport.
Kako bi se osigurala konzervativnost pristupa, društvo Oxera svoju je analizu temeljilo ponajprije na predviđanjima FLG-a za srednji scenarij.
As the 2000 Agreement would have ended in May 2010, the Commission finds this to be sound.
Iz tablice 2. vidljivo je da se očekivalo da će prihodi ostvareni na temelju prvog popratnog pisma premašiti dodatne troškove, što bi dovelo do godišnjeg viška od […] EUR u scenariju koji je izračunalo društvo Oxera.
The Oxera analysis is based on the terms of the agreements between FLG and Ryanair, actual financial data of FLG, as well as ex ante projections from a business plan submitted by Germany, drawn up by FLG on 10 March 2010.
Tablica 2.
This business plan covers the ex ante passenger numbers as well as the expected costs and revenues of Lübeck airport for the period 2010 to 2015.
Analiza dodatne profitabilnosti prvog popratnog pisma
The business plan was originally prepared in December 2009 and then later revised by adjusting the traffic scenario from the original plan downwards and by adding two additional scenarios.
Izvor: izvješće društva Oxera, Odgovor na zahtjev Europske komisije, 6. listopada 2017.
Oxera's analysis of incremental costs and revenues is based on the data of this revised version of the business plan dated 10 March 2010, as it was drawn up closer to the date of signing the 2010 Agreements.
Analiza profitabilnosti prvog popratnog pisma uz ugovor o uslugama zračne luke koji su sklopili Lübeck i Ryanair
The plan distinguishes between three scenarios:
Napomena:
Best case: the assumption is that traffic will increase significantly over the period due to the expectation that Ryanair will establish a base at the airport.
Jedinice
Consequently, the plan assumes an increase of non-aeronautical revenues and an expansion of non-aeronautical services,
Diskontna stopa koja se primjenjuje
Middle case: it is assumed that business will continue as before, namely in line with the data available for 2010, the year of the business plan, and
Stopa rasta
Worst case: it is assumed that the airport will close by 2012, with passenger numbers declining during 2010 and 2011.
Trajanje ugovora
While in the best-case scenario, the passenger numbers increase from […] in 2010 to […] in 2013 and lead to a corresponding increase of revenues, the passenger numbers stagnate in the middle-case scenario at […], in line with the expected numbers for 2010.
godine
In the worst-case scenario, the passenger numbers drop rapidly in 2011 and any airport operations cease in 2012.
Vjerojatnost obnove ugovora
For the purpose of analysing the 2010 Agreements, Oxera found it not appropriate to adopt the worst-case projections of the business plan, as this scenario assumed that the public vote of the citizens of Hansestadt Lübeck in 2010 would decide in favour of closing the airport.
Marketing AMS-a (2 = uključen bolji scenarij, 1 = uključen osnovni scenarij, 0 = isključeno)
Considering the positive outcome of the public vote ensuring further investments for the airport on 25 April 2010 (see recital 16) only one month after concluding Side Letter No 1, the Commission finds the assumption reasonable that both parties expected the airport to continue operations.
n/p
To ensure that the approach is conservative, Oxera based its analysis primarily on FLG's projections for the middle-case scenario.
Prvo popratno pismo
Table 2 shows that the revenues stemming from the Side Letter No 1 were expected to exceed the incremental costs, leading to an annual surplus of EUR […] in the scenario calculated by Oxera.
Prvo popratno pismo s učinkom od
Table 2
datum
Incremental profitability analysis of Side Letter No 1
Prvo popratno pismo s učinkom do
Source: Oxera report, Response to the European Commission's request, 6 October 2017
Postotak 2010. tijekom kojeg se primjenjivao taj rabat
Profitability analysis of Side Letter 1 to Airport Service Agreement between Lübeck and Ryanair
Postotak 2010. tijekom kojeg je ugovor bio na snazi, a tijekom kojeg se primjenjivao taj rabat
Note:
Marketinške naknade
Units
Marketinški rabat po odlaznom putniku (DPAX) u slučaju 17 ili manje operacija prihvata i otpreme tjedno
Growth rate
Prag operacija prihvata i opreme tjedno
Contract length
Marketinški rabat na temelju prvog popratnog pisma (EUR po DPAX-u)
years
Broj godišnjih operacija prihvata i otpreme (TA) prijevoznika Ryanair
Probability of contract renewal
Broj tjednih operacija prihvata i otpreme prijevoznika Ryanair
AMS marketing (2 = include upper case, 1 = include base case, 0 = exclude)
Marketinški rabat (EUR po DPAX-u)
n/a
Profitabilnost
Side Letter 1
DPAX prijevoznika Ryanair
Side Letter 1 effective as of
DPAX ukupno
Date
Broj kretanja u zračnom prometu (ATM) prijevoznika Ryanair
Side Letter 1 effective until
ATM ukupno
Proportion of 2010 in which this rebate was effective
Prihodi
Proportion of 2010 when agreement was in force in which this rebate was effective
Sigurnosna naknada po putniku
Marketing Payments
Naknade za prihvat i otpremu na stajanci
Per Dpax marketing rebate if 17 or fewer turnarounds per week:
EUR/TA
Per Dpax marketing rebate if 18 or more turnarounds per week:
Naknada za usluge prijevoza putnika
Cut-off number of turnarounds per week
Sigurnosna naknada zračne luke
ATM
Prihodi od zrakoplovnih djelatnosti
Marketing rebate from Side Letter 1 (EUR per DPAX)
u tisućama EUR
Ryanair turnaround annualised
Prihodi od nezrakoplovnih djelatnosti
Ryanair turnaround per week
Ukupni prihodi
Marketing rebate (EUR per DPAX)
Troškovi
Ryanair DPAX
Marketing AMS-a
Total DPAX
Amortizacija
Ryanair ATMs
Ukupni troškovi
Total ATMs
Neto novčani tok
Revenues
Terminalna vrijednost
Passenger security charge
Ukupni novčani tokovi
Ramp handling charges
Broj godina u kojima se očekuje novčani tok
EUR TA
Diskontni faktor
Passenger service fee
Neto sadašnja vrijednost
Airport security charge
u milijunima EUR
Aeronautical revenues
Budući da u ugovorima iz 2010. nije propisan konkretan cilj za Ryanair u pogledu prometa, prognoza prometa u zračnoj luci proizlazi iz predviđanja FLG-a za 2010., kako su izražena u srednjem scenariju iz poslovnog plana.
EUR '000s
Očekuje se da će udio prometa zračnog prijevoznika Ryanair u zračnoj luci ostati 91 %, što odražava prosječnu razinu u trima godinama prije potpisivanja prvog popratnog pisma.
Non-aeronautical revenues
Broj operacija prihvata i otpreme zračnog prijevoznika Ryanair izračunan je na temelju pretpostavke da postoji 189 dostupnih sjedala po zrakoplovu i faktora opterećenja od 80 %.
Total Revenue
To je u skladu s faktorom opterećenja zračnog prijevoznika Ryanair 2010. koji je, prema godišnjem izvješću i financijskom izvještaju tog zračnog prijevoznika za 2010., tada iznosio od 81 % do 82 %.
Costs
Očekivani dodatni broj putnika tijekom trajanja ugovora izračunan je na temelju predviđenog broja letova i ekstrapoliran za razdoblje trajanja prvog popratnog pisma.