natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The fresh and/or dry weight should be determined at the start of the test from a sample of the pre-culture representative of what is used to begin the test, and at the end of the test with the plant material from each test and control vessel.
20/3, str. 482-491.
Total lateral branches length, total shoot length, total root length, fresh weight, dry weight and number of whorls may be determined as follows:
Williams, D.A.
The lateral branch length may be determined by measuring all lateral branches with a ruler at the end of exposure.
, A test for differences between treatment means when several dose levels are compared with a zero dose control, Biometrics, Vol.
The total lateral branches length is the sum of all lateral branches of each test and control vessel.
27/1, str. 103-117.
The main shoot length may be determined by image analysis or using a ruler.
, The comparison of several dose levels with a zero dose control, Biometrics, Vol.
The total shoot length is the sum of the total lateral branches length and the main shoot length of each test and control vessel at the end of exposure.
28/2, str. 519-531.
The root length may be determined by measuring all roots with a ruler at the end of exposure.
Brain, P., R. Cousens (1989), An equation to describe dose-responses where there is stimulation of growth at low doses, Weed Research, Vol.
The total root length is the sum of all roots of each test and control vessel.
29/2, str. 93-96.
The fresh weight may be determined by weighing the test organisms at the end of exposure.
Biomasa je svježa i/ili suha masa žive tvari u populaciji.
All plant material of each test and control vessel will be rinsed with distilled water, dabbed dry with cellulose paper.
U ovom ispitivanju biomasa je zbroj glavnog izdanka, svih bočnih grana i svog korijenja.
After this preparation the fresh weight will be determined by weighing.
Kloroza je promjena zelene boje ispitnog organizma, posebno pršljena, u žućkastu.
The starting biomass (fresh weight) is determined on the basis of a sample of test organisms taken from the same batch used to inoculate the test vessels.
ECx je koncentracija ispitivane kemikalije otopljene u ispitnom mediju koja uzrokuje smanjenje rasta klasastog krocnja od x % (npr. 50 %) u određenom razdoblju izlaganja (koje treba posebno navesti ako nije jednako cijelom ili uobičajenom vremenu trajanja ispitivanja).
After the preparations for the determination of the fresh weight the test organisms will be dried at 60 °C to a constant weight.
Da bi se jasno pokazalo je li vrijednost EC dobivena na temelju brzine rasta ili na temelju prirasta, upotrebljavaju se simboli ‚ErC’ za brzinu rasta (growth rate) i ‚EyC’ za prirast (yield), te se uz njih navodi mjerna varijabla koja je upotrijebljena, npr.ErC (duljina glavnog izdanka).
This mass is the dry weight.
Rast je povećanje mjerne varijable, npr. duljine glavnog izdanka, ukupne duljine bočnih grana, ukupne duljine izdanka, ukupne duljine korijena, svježe mase, suhe mase ili broja pršljena, tijekom razdoblja ispitivanja.
The starting biomass (dry weight) is determined on the basis of a sample of test organisms taken from the same batch used to inoculate the test vessels.
Brzina rasta (prosječna specifična brzina rasta) logaritamsko je povećanje mjerne varijable tijekom razdoblja izlaganja.
All whorls will be counted out along the main shoot.
Napomena: varijable odgovora povezane s brzinom rasta neovisne su o trajanju ispitivanja sve dok je rast neizloženih kontrolnih organizama eksponencijalan.
Frequency of measurement and analytical determinations
Najniža koncentracija s vidljivim učinkom (LOEC – lowest observed effect concentration) najniža je ispitana koncentracija kemikalije pri kojoj je uočen statistički značajan učinak smanjenja rasta (pri p < 0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolom u određenom razdoblju izlaganja.
If a static test design is used, the pH of each treatment should be measured at the beginning and at the end of the test.
Mjerna varijabla je bilo koja varijabla koja se mjeri kako bi se izrazila krajnja točka ispitivanja s pomoću jedne varijable odgovora ili više različitih varijabli odgovora.
If a semi-static test design is used, the pH should be measured in each batch of ‘fresh’ test solution prior to each renewal and also in the corresponding ‘spent’ solutions.
U ovoj ispitnoj metodi mjerne varijable su duljina glavnog izdanka, ukupna duljina bočnih grana, ukupna duljina izdanka, ukupna duljina korijena, svježa masa, suha masa i broj pršljena.
Light intensity should be measured in the growth chamber, incubator or room at points in the same distance from the light source as the test organisms.
Monokultura je kultura jedne biljne vrste.
Measurements should be made at least once during the test.
Nekroza je mrtvo (tj. bijelo ili tamno smeđe) tkivo ispitnog organizma.
The temperature of the medium in a surrogate vessel held under the same conditions in the growth chamber, incubator or room should be recorded at least daily (or continuously with a data logger).
Najviša koncentracija bez vidljivog učinka (NOEC – no observed effect concentration) ispitna je koncentracija neposredno ispod LOEC-a.
During the test, the concentrations of the test chemical(s) are determined at appropriate intervals.
Varijabla odgovora je varijabla za procjenu toksičnosti izvedena iz bilo koje mjerene varijable koja opisuje biomasu primjenom različitih metoda izračuna.
In static tests, the minimum requirement is to determine the concentrations at the beginning and at the end of the test.
Za ovu ispitnu metodu brzina rasta i prirast su varijable odgovora izvedene iz mjernih varijabli kao što su duljina glavnog izdanka, ukupna duljina izdanka, svježa masa, suha masa ili broj pršljena.
In semi-static tests where the concentrations of the test chemical(s) are not expected to remain within ± 20 % of the nominal concentration, it is necessary to analyse all freshly prepared test solutions and the same solutions at each renewal.
Polustatičko ispitivanje (s obnavljanjem) ispitivanje je tijekom kojeg se ispitna otopina zamjenjuje periodički, u određenim razmacima.
Under some circumstances, e.g. when a preliminary test indicates that the test chemical has no toxic effects at concentrations up to 100 mg/l or up to its limit of solubility in the test medium or in case of a formulation up to its limit of dispersibility, a limit test involving a comparison of responses in a control group and one treatment group (100 mg/l or a concentration equal to the limit of solubility), may be undertaken.
Ispitivana je kemikalija obično otopljena u ispitnom mediju.
It is strongly recommended that this is supported by analysis of the exposure concentration.
UVCB je tvar nepoznatog ili promjenjivog sastava, složeni reakcijski proizvod ili biološki materijal.
All previously described test conditions and validity criteria apply to a limit test, with the exception that the number of treatment replicates should be doubled.
Prirast je vrijednost mjerne varijable kojom se izražava biomasa na kraju razdoblja izlaganja umanjena za vrijednost mjerne varijable na početku razdoblja izlaganja.
Growth in the control and treatment group may be analysed using a statistical test to compare means, e.g. a Student's t-test.
Napomena: kada je rast neizloženih organizama eksponencijalan, varijable odgovora koje se temelje na prirastu smanjivat će se tijekom ispitivanja.
Response variables
MODIFICIRANI ANDREWSOV MEDIJ ZA OSNOVNU KULTURU I PRETKULTURU
The purpose of the test is to determine the effects of a test chemical on the vegetative growth of Myriophyllum spicatum.
Modificirani Andrewsov medij potreban za osnovnu kulturu i pretkulturu pripravlja se od pet odvojeno pripremljenih hranjivih matičnih otopina s dodatkom 3 % saharoze.
This test method describes two response variables.
Tablica 1.
Average specific growth rate
Sastav Andrewsove hranjive otopine: (ASTM-ov standard E 1913-04)
This response variable is calculated on the basis of changes in the logarithms of main shoot length, and in addition, on the basis of changes in the logarithms of other measurement parameters, i.e. total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls over time (expressed per day) in the controls and each treatment group.
Pripravljanje hranjivih matičnih otopina
Note: For the measurement parameter total lateral branches length and total root length a calculation of the average specific growth rate is not possible.
Pripravljanje hranjive otopine
At the beginning of the test, the test organism has no lateral branches and no roots (based on the preparation from the pre-culture); starting from the value zero, the calculation of the average specific growth rate is not defined.
Matična otopina
Yield
Početna masa na 1000 ml
This response variable is calculated on the basis of changes in main shoot length, and in addition, on the basis of changes in other measurement parameters — i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls, and other parameters if deemed useful — in the controls and in each treatment group until the end of the test.
ml na 5 l hranjive otopine
Toxicity estimates should be based on main shoot length and three additional measurement variables (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls, see paragraph 37 and Notes 2, 4 and 5 to this paragraph), because some chemicals may affect other measurement variables much more than the main shoot length.
74,6 mg
This effect would not be detected by calculating main shoot length only.
8,08 g
average specific growth rate from time i to j
9,86 g
measurement variable in the test or control vessel at time i
Vidjeti u nastavku: matična otopina 3.1.
measurement variable in the test or control vessel at time j
2,72 g
t time period from i to j
0,278 g
For each treatment group and control group, calculate a mean value for growth rate along with variance estimates.
0,372 g
The average specific growth rate should be calculated for the entire test period (time “i” in the above formula is the beginning of the test and time “j” is the end of the test).
Matične otopine mogu se čuvati u hladnjaku šest mjeseci (na 5 – 10 °C).
For each test concentration and control, calculate a mean value for average specific growth rate along with the variance estimates.
Samo matična otopina 5 ima kraći rok trajanja (dva mjeseca).
In addition, the section-by-section growth rate should be assessed in order to evaluate effects of the test chemical occurring during the exposure period (e.g. by inspecting log-transformed growth curves).
Pripravljanje matične otopine 3.1 za pripremu matične otopine 3
Percent inhibition of growth rate (Ir) may then be calculated for each test concentration (treatment group) according to the following formula:
Početna masa u g/100 ml
% Ir percent inhibition in average specific growth rate
Nakon što je matična otopina 3.1 pripravljena (tablica 2.), ona se zamrzava u alikvotima od približno 11 ml (na najmanje – 18 °C).
μC mean value for μ in the control
Duboko smrznute doze otopine imaju rok trajanja od pet godina.
μT mean value for μ in the treatment group
Da bi se pripravila matična otopina 3, treba odmrznuti matičnu otopinu 3.1, uliti 10 ml te otopine u odmjernu tikvicu od 1 l i dodati ultra čistu vodu do oznake na tikvici.
Effects on yield are determined on the basis of the measurement variable main shoot length and three additional measurement variables (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls) present in each test vessel at the start and at the end of the test.
Za dobivanje modificiranog Andrewsova medija treba uliti približno 2500 ml ultra čiste vode u odmjernu tikvicu od 5 l.
For fresh weight or dry weight, the starting biomass is determined on the basis of a sample of test organisms taken from the same batch used to inoculate the test vessels.
Nakon dodavanja po 50 ml svake matične otopine, 90 % odmjerne tikvice treba napuniti ultra čistom vodom i podesiti pH na 5,8.
For each test concentration and control, calculate a mean value for yield along with variance estimates.
Zatim treba dodati 150 g otopljene saharoze (3 % na 5 l) te napuniti odmjernu tikvicu ultra čistom vodom do oznake.
The mean percent inhibition in yield ( % Iy) may be calculated for each treatment group as follows:
Naposljetku se hranjiva otopina ulijeva u Schottove boce od 1 l i tretira u autoklavu na 121 °C 20 minuta.
% Iy percent reduction in yield
Tako dobivena hranjiva otopina može ostati sterilna u hladnjaku (na 5 – 10 °C) tri mjeseca.
bC final biomass minus starting biomass for the control group
Modificirani Andrewsov medij za ispitivanje toksičnosti u sustavu bez sedimenta
bT final biomass minus starting biomass in the treatment group
Deseterostruko koncentrirani modificirani Andrewsov medij koji je potreban za dobivanje ispitnih otopina pripravlja se od pet odvojeno pripremljenih hranjivih matičnih otopina iz tablica 1. i 2. s dodatkom 30 % saharoze.
Doubling time
Za dobivanje takvog medija treba uliti približno 100 ml ultra čiste vode u odmjernu tikvicu od 1 l.
To determine the doubling time (Td) of main shoot length and adherence to this validity criterion (see paragraph 8), the following formula is used with data obtained from the control vessels:
Nakon dodavanja po 100 ml svake matične otopine treba podesiti pH na 5,8.
Td = ln 2/μ
Zatim treba dodati 30 % otopljene saharoze (300 g na 1000 ml) te napuniti odmjernu tikvicu ultra čistom vodom do oznake.
Where μ is the average specific growth rate determined as described in paragraphs 50-52.
Naposljetku se hranjiva otopina ulijeva u Schottove boce od 0,5 l i tretira u autoklavu na 121 °C 20 minuta.
Plotting concentration-response curves
Tako dobivena deseterostruko koncentrirana hranjiva otopina može ostati sterilna u hladnjaku (na 5 – 10 °C) tri mjeseca.
Concentration-response curves relating mean percentage inhibition of the response variable (Ir, or Iy calculated as shown in paragraph 53) and the log concentration of the test chemical should be plotted.
DRŽANJE OSNOVNE KULTURE
ECx estimation
U ovom Dodatku opisuje se osnovna kultura klasastog krocnja – Myriophyllum spicatum L [1], podvodne vodene dvosupnice, vrste iz porodice krocanja.
Estimates of the ECx should be based upon both average specific growth rate (ErCx) and yield (EyCx), each of which should in turn be based upon main shoot length, and possibly additional measurement variables (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls).
Sterilne biljke mogu se nabaviti iz ekotoksikološkog laboratorija njemačke Savezne agencije za okoliš (Umweltbundesamt).
This is because there are chemicals that impact main shoot length and other measurement variables differently.
Alternativno, ispitni organizmi mogu se pripremiti od nesterilnih biljaka u skladu s ASTM-ovim standardom E 1913-04.
The desired toxicity parameters are therefore four ECx values for each inhibition level x calculated: ErCx (main shoot length); ErCx (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, or number of whorls); EyCx (main shoot length); and EyCx (i.e. preferably total shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls).
Vidjeti u nastavku: ulomak iz ASTM-ova Standardnog vodiča – postupak za uzgoj kulture Myriophyllum sibiricum prikupljene u prirodi:
It should be noted that ECx values calculated using these two response variables are not comparable and this difference is recognised when using the results of the test.
Budući da modificirani Andrewsov medij sadržava saharozu (koja potiče rast gljivica i bakterija), potrebni su sterilni uvjeti za pripremu materijala, držanje otopina i uzgoj kultura.
ECx values based upon average specific growth rate (ErCx) will in most cases be higher than results based upon yield (EyCx) — if the test conditions of this test method are adhered to — due to the mathematical basis of the respective approaches.
Usto, sve tikvice, zdjelice, zdjele i ostala oprema tretiraju se plamenom na sterilnoj radnoj površini neposredno prije upotrebe.
This difference should not be interpreted as a difference in sensitivity between the two response variables, simply the values are different mathematically.
Osnovne se kulture mogu držati na slabijoj svjetlosti i nižoj temperaturi (50 μE m– 2 s– 1, 20 ± 2 °C) duže vrijeme bez premještanja.
Statistical procedures
Uzgojni medij za krocanj trebao bi biti isti kao onaj koji se upotrebljava za ispitivanje, ali i drugi mediji bogati hranjivim tvarima mogu se upotrebljavati za osnovne kulture.
The aim is to obtain a quantitative concentration-response relationship by regression analysis.
Biljni segmenti raspoređuju se aksenično u nekoliko Erlenmeyerovih tikvica od 500 ml ili/i Fernbachovih tikvica od 2000 ml, od kojih je svaka napunjena s približno 450 odnosno 1000 ml modificiranog Andrewsova medija.
It is possible to use a weighted linear regression after having performed a linearising transformation of the response data, for instance with probit or logit or Weibull models (7), but non-linear regression procedures are preferred techniques that better handle unavoidable data irregularities and deviations from smooth distributions.
Zatim se tikvice zatvaraju aksenično celuloznim čepom.
Approaching either zero or total inhibition such irregularities may be magnified by the transformation, interfering with the analysis (7).
Osim toga, apsolutno je nužno temeljito tretirati opremu plamenom na sterilnoj radnoj površini neposredno prije upotrebe.
It should be noted that standard methods of analysis using probit, logit, or Weibull transforms are intended for use on quantal (e.g. mortality or survival) data, and should be modified to accommodate growth rate or yield data.
Biljke treba prenositi u svježu hranjivu otopinu otprilike svaka tri tjedna, ovisno o njihovu broju i njihovoj veličini.
Specific procedures for determination of ECx values from continuous data can be found in (8) (9) (10).
Za tu obnovljenu kulturu mogu se upotrebljavati i apeksi i segmenti srednjeg dijela stabljike.
For each response variable to be analysed, use the concentration-response relationship to calculate point estimates of ECx values.
Broj i veličina biljaka (ili segmenata biljaka) koje se prenose ovise o tome koliko je biljaka potrebno.
When possible, the 95 % confidence limits for each estimate should be determined.
Na primjer, može se prenijeti pet dijelova izdanka u Fernbachovu tikvicu, a tri dijela u Erlenmeyerovu tikvicu; svaki je dio dug 5 cm.
Goodness of fit of the response data to the regression model should be assessed either graphically or statistically.
Odbacuju se svi dijelovi s korijenima ili cvjetovima, mrtvi dijelovi te oni s neobičnim značajkama.
Regression analysis should be performed using individual replicate responses, not treatment group means.
Rezanje biljaka za osnovnu kulturu i pretkulturu nakon tri tjedana uzgoja.
estimates and confidence limits may also be obtained using linear interpolation with bootstrapping (10), if available regression models/methods are unsuitable for the data.
otpad
For estimation of the LOEC and hence the NOEC, it is necessary to compare treatment means using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques.
pretkultura
The mean for each concentration is then compared with the control mean using an appropriate multiple comparison or trend test method.
osnovna cultura
Dunnett's or Williams'test may be useful (12) (13) (14) (15) (16).
Kulture biljaka treba uzgajati u Erlenmeyerovim tikvicama od 500 ml i Fernbachovim tikvicama od 2000 ml u inkubatoru s hlađenjem na 20 ± 2 °C sa stalnom svjetlošću od otprilike 100 – 150 μE m– 2 s– 1 ili 6000 – 9000 lux (iz izvora sobne rasvjete boje ‚toplo bijelo svjetlo’).
It is necessary to assess whether the ANOVA assumption of homogeneity of variance holds.
Uzgoj biljaka u inkubatoru s hlađenjem sa sobnom rasvjetom.
This assessment may be performed graphically or by a formal test (15).
Upotrebljavaju se kemijski čiste (kiselinom očišćene) i sterilne staklene uzgojne posude, a pri rukovanju se primjenjuju aseptički postupci.
Suitable tests are Levene's or Bartlett's.
U slučaju onečišćenja osnovne kulture npr. algama, gljivicama i/ili bakterijama, treba pripremiti novu kulturu ili upotrijebiti osnovnu kulturu iz drugog laboratorija za obnovu kulture.
Failure to meet the assumption of homogeneity of variances can sometimes be corrected by logarithmic transformation of the data.
Carl von Linné (* 23. svibnja 1707. u Råshultu/Älmhultu; † 10. siječnja 1778. u Uppsali).
If heterogeneity of variance is extreme and cannot be corrected by transformation, analysis by methods such as step-down Jonkheere trend tests should be considered.
DRŽANJE PRETKULTURE I PRIPREMA ORGANIZAMA ZA ISPITIVANJE
Additional guidance on determining the NOEC can be found in (10).
Za dobivanje pretkultura treba izrezati izdanke osnovne kulture u segmente od kojih svaki ima dva pršljena; segmenti se stavljaju u Fernbachove tikvice napunjene modificiranim Andrewsovim medijem (s 3 % saharoze).
Recent scientific developments have led to a recommendation of abandoning the concept of NOEC and replacing it with regression based point estimates ECx.
Svaka tikvica može sadržavati do 50 segmenata izdanka.
An appropriate value for x has not been established for this Myriophyllum test.
Ipak, treba paziti da su segmenti vitalni i da nemaju korijenje ni bočne grane ili njihove pupoljke (vidjeti sliku 1. u Dodatku 3.).
However, a range of 10 to 20 % appears to be appropriate (depending on the response variable chosen), and preferably both the EC10 and EC20 and their confidence limits should be reported.
Organizmi pretkulture uzgajaju se 14 dana – 21 dan u sterilnim uvjetima u komori s izmjeničnim fazama svjetlost/tama od 16/8 sati.
Reporting
Intenzitet svjetlosti odabire se u rasponu 100 – 150 μE m– 2 s– 1.
Multi-constituent substance, UVCBs or mixture:
Budući da modificirani Andrewsov medij sadržava saharozu (koja potiče rast alga, gljivica i bakterija), potrebni su sterilni uvjeti za pripremu otopina ispitivane kemikalije i uzgoj kultura.
Test species
Sterilizacija se provodi tretiranjem zagrijanim zrakom (210 °C) 4 sata ili tretiranjem u autoklavu 20 minuta na 121 °C.
Scientific name and source.
Usto, sve tikvice, zdjelice, zdjele i ostala oprema tretiraju se plamenom na sterilnoj radnoj površini neposredno prije upotrebe.
Test procedure used (static or semi-static).
Izdanci se aksenično uklanjaju iz tikvica s pretkulturama, pri čemu se bira što homogeniji materijal.
Date of start of the test and its duration.
Za svako ispitivanje potrebno je najmanje 60 ispitnih organizama (ispitivanje s osam koncentracija ispitivane kemikalije).
Test medium.
Za ispitivanje se uzimaju svježe bočne grane iz pretkultura, skraćuju se na 2,5 cm od baze (mjerenje pomičnim mjerilom) i prenose u čašu sa sterilnim modificiranim Andrewsovim medijem.
Description of the experimental design: test vessels and covers, solution volumes, main shoot length per test vessel at the beginning of the test.
Te svježe bočne grane mogu se upotrijebiti za ispitivanje toksičnosti klasastog krocnja u sustavu bez sedimenta.
Test concentrations (nominal and measured as appropriate) and number of replicates per concentration.
Rezanje biljaka iz pretkulture za ispitivanje toksičnosti na Myriophyllum spicatum u sustavu bez sedimenta.
Methods of preparation of stock and test solutions including the use of any solvents or dispersants.
svježe bočne grane za ispitivanje
Temperature during the test.
otpad ili daljnji uzgoj kulture
Light source, light intensity and homogeneity.
C.51.
pH values of the test and control media.
Ispitivanje toksičnosti na klasastom krocnju (Myriophyllum spicatum) u sustavu voda-sediment
The method of analysis of test chemical with appropriate quality assessment data (validation studies, standard deviations or confidence limits of analyses).
Ova ispitna metoda odgovara Smjernici OECD-a za ispitivanje 239 (2014.).
Methods for determination of main shoot length and other measurement variables, e.g. total lateral branches length, total shoot length, total root length, fresh weight, dry weight or number of whorls.
Dostupne su ispitne metode za plutajuće vodene jednosupnice iz roda Lemna (1.) i za alge (2.).