natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
When the measured concentrations do not remain within 80-120 % of the nominal concentration, the effect concentrations should be determined and expressed relative to the arithmetic mean concentration for flow-through tests (see Appendix 6 of the test method C.20 for the calculation of the arithmetic mean (8)), and expressed relative to the geometric mean of the measured concentrations for semi-static tests (see Chapter 5 in the OECD Guidance Document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures (2)).
podaci za kemijsku identifikaciju tvari, kao što su IUPAC ili CAS naziv, CAS broj, oznaka SMILES ili InChI, strukturna formula, čistoća, kemijski identitet nečistoća prema potrebi i ako je praktički izvedivo itd. (uključujući udio organskog ugljika, prema potrebi),
During the test, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature should be measured in all test vessels, at least weekly, and salinity and hardness, if warranted, at the beginning and end of the test.
opis (koliko je to moguće) kemijskog identiteta (vidjeti gore), kvantitativni udio i relevantna fizikalno-kemijska svojstva sastojaka.
Temperature should preferably be monitored continuously in at least one test vessel.
znanstveni naziv, soj, podrijetlo, metoda sakupljanja oplođenih jajašaca i kasnije postupanje.
Stage of embryonic development
ispitni postupak (npr. polustatički ili protočni, punjenje),
the embryonic stage at the beginning of exposure to the test chemical should be verified as precisely as possible.
fotoperiod(i),
This can be done using a representative sample of eggs suitably preserved and cleaned.
plan ispitivanja (npr. broj ispitnih komora i ponovljenih uzoraka, broj jajašaca u svakom ponovljenom uzorku, materijal i veličina ispitne komore (visina, širina, zapremina), količina vode po ispitnoj komori),
Hatching and survival
način pripreme matičnih otopina i učestalost obnavljanja (ako se koristi sredstvo za otapanje, trebalo bi ga navesti zajedno s koncentracijom),
observations on hatching and survival should be made at least once daily and numbers recorded.
metoda doziranja ispitivane kemikalije (npr. crpkama, sustavima za razrjeđivanje),
If fungus on eggs is observed early in embryonic development (e.g. at day one or two of test), those eggs should be counted and removed.
iskoristivost metode i nazivnih ispitnih koncentracija, granica kvantifikacije, srednje izmjerene vrijednosti i njihove standardne devijacije u ispitnim posudama te metoda kojom su one dobivene i dokazi da se izmjerene vrijednosti odnose na koncentracije ispitivane kemikalije u stvarnoj otopini,
Dead embryos, larvae and juvenile fish should be removed as soon as observed since they can decompose rapidly and may be broken up by the actions of the other fish.
svojstva vode za razrjeđivanje: pH, tvrdoća, temperatura, koncentracija otopljenog kisika, rezidualni klor (ako se mjeri), ukupni organski ugljik (ako se mjeri), suspendirana kruta tvar (ako se mjeri), salinitet ispitnog medija (ako se mjeri) i ostala provedena mjerenja,
Extreme care should be taken when removing dead individuals not to physically damage adjacent eggs/larvae.
kakvoća vode u ispitnim posudama, pH, tvrdoća, temperatura i koncentracija otopljenog kisika,
Signs of death vary according to species and life stage.
detaljne informacije o hranjenju (npr. vrsta ili vrste hrane, izvor, količina hrane i učestalost hranjenja).
For example:
Rezultati o kojima se izvješćuje pojedinačno (ili na temelju ponovljenih uzoraka) te kao srednja vrijednost i koeficijent varijacije, prema potrebi, za sljedeće krajnje točke:
for fertilised eggs: particularly in the early stages, a marked loss of translucency and change in colouration, caused by coagulation and/or precipitation of protein, leading to a white opaque appearance;
dokaz da kontrole zadovoljavaju opći standard prihvatljivosti stopa preživljavanja za ispitnu vrstu (Dodatak 2.),
for embryos, larvae and juvenile fish: immobility and/or absence of respiratory movement and/or absence of heartbeat and/or lack of reaction to mechanical stimulus.
podaci o smrtnosti u svakom stadiju (embriji, ličinke i juvenilne ribe) te ukupnoj smrtnosti,
Abnormal appearance
broj dana do valjenja, broj ličinaka koje se svaki dan izvale i kraj valjenja,
the number of larvae or juvenile fish showing abnormality of body form should be recorded at adequate intervals depending on the duration of the test and the nature of the abnormality described.
broj zdravih riba na kraju ispitivanja,
It should be noted that abnormal larvae and juvenile fish occur naturally and can be of the order of several percent in the control(s) in some species.
podaci o dužini (navesti je li riječ o standardnoj ili ukupnoj dužini) i težini preživjelih životinja,
Where deformities and associated abnormal behaviour are considered so severe that there is considerable suffering to the organism, and it has reached a point beyond which it will not recover, it may be removed from the test.
pojavnost, opis i broj morfoloških anomalija, ako ih ima,
Such animals should be euthanised and treated as mortalities for subsequent data analysis.
pojavnost, opis i broj učinaka na ponašanje, ako ih ima,
Normal embryonic development has been documented for most species recommended in this test method (9) (10) (11) (12).
pristup za statističku analizu (regresijska analiza ili analiza varijance) i obrada podataka (primijenjeni statistički test ili model),
Abnormal behaviour
najviša koncentracija bez vidljivog učinka (NOEC) za svaki ocijenjeni odgovor,
abnormalities, e.g. hyperventilation, uncoordinated swimming, atypical quiescence and atypical feeding behaviour should be recorded at adequate intervals depending on the duration of the test (e.g. once daily for warm water species).
najniža koncentracija s vidljivim učinkom (pri p = 0,05) za svaki ocijenjeni odgovor (LOEC),
These effects, although difficult to quantify, can, when observed, aid in the interpretation of mortality data.
ECx za svaki ocijenjeni odgovor, ako je primjenjivo, te intervali pouzdanosti (npr.
Weight
90 % ili 95 %) i graf prilagođenog modela primijenjenog za izračun vrijednostosti ECx, nagib krivulje koncentracija-odgovor, formula regresijskog modela, procijenjeni parametri modela i njihove standardne pogreške.
at the end of the test, all surviving fish are weighed at least on a replicate basis (reporting the number of animals in the replicate and the mean weight per animal): wet weight — (blotted dry) is preferred, however, dry weight data may also be reported (13).
Sva odstupanja od ove ispitne metode.
Length
Rasprava o rezultatima, uključujući i sve utjecaje odstupanja od ove ispitne metode na rezultate ispitivanja.
at the end of the test, individual lengths are measured.
Preporučene riblje vrste za ispitivanje
Total length is recommended, if however, caudal fin rot or fin erosion occurs, standard length can be used.
SLATKOVODNE
The same method should be used for all fish in a given test.
ESTUARIJSKE i MORSKE
Individual length can be measured either by e.g. callipers, digital camera, or calibrated ocular micrometer.
kalifornijska pastrva
Typical minimum lengths are defined in Appendix 2.
Debeloglava gavčica
It is recommended that the design of the experiment and selection of statistical test permit adequate power (80 % or higher) to detect changes of biological importance in endpoints where a NOEC is to be reported.
Zebrica
If an ECx is to be reported, the design of the experiment and selection of regression model should permit estimation of ECx so that (i) the 95 % confidence interval reported for ECx does not contain zero and is not overly wide, (ii) the 95 % confidence interval for the predicted mean at ECx does not contain the control mean (iii) there is no significant lack-of-fit of regression model to the data.
medaka
Either approach requires the identification of the percent change in each endpoint that is important to detect or estimate.
OECD (2000), Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures, Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment.
The experimental design should be tailored to allow that.
No.
When the above conditions for determining the ECx are not satisfied, the NOEC approach should be used.
23, OECD, Pariz.
It is not likely that the same percent change applies to all endpoints, nor is it likely that a feasible experiment can be designed that will meet these criteria for all endpoints, so it is important to focus on the endpoints, which are important for the respective experiment in designing the experiment appropriately.
Bailer, (2012), Baseline characteristics and statistical implications for the OECD 210 Fish Early Life Stage Chronic Toxicity Test, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31; 2, 370 – 376.
Statistical flow diagrams and guidance for each approach are available in Appendixes 5 and 6 to guide in the treatment of data and in the choice of the most appropriate statistical test or model to use.
Vilična dužina (FL): odnosi se na dužinu od vrha usta do kraja srednjih šipčica repne peraje i primjenjuje se na ribe kod kojih je teško odrediti gdje završava kralježnica (www.fishbase.org).
Other statistical approaches may be used, provided they are scientifically justified.
Standardna dužina (SL): odnosi se na dužinu ribe izmjerenu od vrha usta do stražnjeg kraja zadnjeg kralješka ili do stražnjeg kraja srednjeg bočnog dijela hipuralne ploče.
In order to make a multiple comparison between the results at the individual concentrations and those for the controls, the step-down Jonckheere-Terpstra or Williams' test is recommended for continuous responses and a step-down Cochran-Armitage test for quantal responses that are consistent with a monotone concentration-response and with no evidence of extra-binomial variance (14).
Mjeri se u ravnoj liniji, a ne uz krivulju tijela (www.fishbase.org).
When there is evidence of extra-binomial variance, the Rao-Scott modification of the Cochran-Armitage test is recommended (15) (16) or Williams or Dunnett's (after an arcsin-square-root transform) or Jonckheere-Terpstra test applied to replicate proportions.
opis različitih dužina koje se primjenjuju
Where the data are not consistent with a monotone concentration-response, Dunnett's or Dunn's or the Mann-Whitney method may be found useful for continuous responses and Fisher's Exact test for quantal responses (14) (17) (18).
Kemikalija: tvar ili smjesa.
Care should be taken where applying any statistical method or model to ensure that the requirements of the method or model are satisfied (e.g. chamber to chamber variability is estimated and accounted for in the experimental design and test or model used).
ECx: (koncentracija s učinkom od x %) je koncentracija koja u određenom razdoblju izlaganja izaziva x-postotni učinak na ispitne organizme u usporedbi s kontrolom.
Data are to be evaluated for normality and Appendix 5 indicates what should be done on the residuals from an ANOVA.
Na primjer, EC50 je koncentracija za koju se procjenjuje da stvara učinak na krajnju točku ispitivanja u 50 % izložene populacije tijekom određenog razdoblja izlaganja.
Appendix 6 discusses additional considerations for the regression approach.
Najniža koncentracija s vidljivim učinkom (LOEC) najniža je ispitana koncentracija ispitivane kemikalije kod koje je uočen statistički značajan učinak kemikalije (pri p < 0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolom.
Transformations to meet the requirements of a statistical test should be considered.
Smjernice se nalaze u dodacima 5. i 6.
However, transformations to enable the fitting of a regression model require great care, as, for example, a 25 % change in the untransformed response does not correspond to a 25 % change in a transformed response.
Najviša koncentracija bez vidljivog učinka (NOEC) ispitna je koncentracija neposredno ispod LOEC-a koja unutar navedenog razdoblja izlaganja nema statistički značajan učinak (p < 0,05) u usporedbi s kontrolom.
In all analyses, the test chamber, not the individual fish, is the unit of analysis and the experimental unit and both hypothesis tests and regression should reflect that (3) (14) (19) (20).
Ispitivana kemikalija: bilo koja tvar ili smjesa koja se ispituje ovom ispitnom metodom.
scientific name, strain, source and method of collection of the fertilised eggs and subsequent handling.
Legenda:
test procedure used (e.g. semi-static or flow-through, loading);
VRSTE
photoperiod(s);
UVJETI ISPITIVANJA
test design (e.g. number of test chambers and replicates, number of eggs per replicate, material and size of the test chamber (height, width, volume), water volume per test chamber);
PREPORUČENO TRAJANJE ISPITIVANJA
method of preparation of stock solutions and frequency of renewal (the solubilising agent and its concentration should be given, when used);
Tipična minimalna srednja ukupna dužina riba iz kontrolnih skupina na kraju istraživanja (mm) [1]
method of dosing the test chemical (e.g. pumps, diluting systems)
PREŽIVLJAVANJE U KONTROLNIM SKUPINAMA (minimalno)
the recovery efficiency of the method and the nominal test concentrations, the limit of quantification, the means of the measured values and their standard deviations in the test vessels and the method by which these were attained and evidence that the measurements refer to the concentrations of the test chemical in true solution;
Temperatura (° C)
dilution water characteristics: pH, hardness, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, residual chlorine levels (if measured), total organic carbon (if measured), suspended solids (if measured), salinity of the test medium (if measured) and any other measurements made;
Salinitet (0/00)
water quality within test vessels, pH, hardness, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration;
Fotoperiod (u satima)
detailed information on feeding (e.g. type of food(s), source, amount given and frequency).
Uspješnost valjenja
Results reported individually (or on a replicate basis) and as mean and coefficient of variation, as appropriate, for the following endpoints:
Uspješnost poslije valjenja
evidence that controls met the overall survival acceptability standard of the test species (Appendix 2);
Slatkovodne:
data on mortality at each stage (embryo, larval and juvenile) and cumulative mortality;
12 – 16 [3]
days to hatch, numbers of larvae hatched each day, and end of hatching;
dva tjedna nakon početka samostalnog uzimanja hrane riba iz kontrolnih skupina (ili 60 dana nakon valjenja)
number of healthy fish at end of test;
32 dana nakon početka ispitivanja (ili 28 dana nakon valjenja)
data for length (specify either standard or total) and weight of surviving animals;
12 – 16 [4]
incidence, description and number of morphological abnormalities, if any;
30 dana nakon valjenja
incidence, description and number of behavioural effects, if any;
medaka hrana u listićima
approach for the statistical analysis (regression analysis or analysis of the variance) and treatment of data (statistical test or model used);
Estuarijske i morske:
no observed effect concentration for each response assessed (NOEC);
22 – 25
lowest observed effect concentration (at p = 0,05) for each response assessed (LOEC);
28 dana
ECx for each response assessed, if applicable, and confidence intervals (e.g. 90 % or 95 %) and a graph of the fitted model used for its calculation, the slope of the concentration-response curve, the formula of the regression model, the estimated model parameters and their standard errors.
Tipična minimalna srednja ukupna dužina nije kriterij valjanosti, no trebalo bi pažljivo razmotriti odstupanja ispod navedenih vrijednosti u odnosu na osjetljivost ispitivanja.
Any deviation from the test method.
Minimalna srednja ukupna dužina temelji se na odabranim podacima kojima se trenutačno raspolaže.
Discussion of the results, including any influence of deviations from the test method on the outcome of the test.
Ovisno o soju kalifornijske pastrve koji se ispituje, možda će trebati primijeniti druge temperature.
Fish species recommended for testing
Uzgojno jato mora se držati na temperaturi jednakoj onoj koja se upotrebljava za jajašca.
FRESHWATER
Nakon primitka jajašaca od komercijalnog uzgajivača potrebna je kratka prilagodba (npr. sat ili dva) na ispitnu temperaturu.
ESTUARINE and MARINE
Ličinke se drže u tami tjedan dana nakon valjenja, osim za vrijeme pregleda, a zatim se tijekom cijelog ispitivanja drže pod prigušenom rasvjetom (fotoperiod 12 – 16 sati).
Rainbow trout
(4).
Fathead minnow
U svim uvjetima ispitivanja režim svjetlosti mora biti konstantan.
Zebrafish
Za svako ispitivanje mora biti u okvirima ± 2 0/00.
Japanese ricefish or Medaka
SMJERNICE ZA HRANJENJE UZGOJNIH I ISPITNIH RIBA PREPORUČENIH VRSTA I ZA POSTUPANJE S NJIMA
OECD (2000), Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures, Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment.
FBS zamrznuti račići Artemia; odrasli račići Artemia
No. 23, OECD Paris.
BSN ličinke račića Artemia; novoizvaljene
Bailer, (2012), Baseline characteristics and statistical implications for the OECD 210 Fish Early Life Stage Chronic Toxicity Test, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31; 2, 370 - 376.
BSN48 ličinke račića Artemia; starost 48 sati
Fork length (FL): refers to the length from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends (www.fishbase.org)
HRANA [1]
Standard length (SL): refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate.
VRIJEME PREMJEŠTAJA NAKON VALJENJA
Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin.
VRIJEME DO PRVOG HRANJENJA
Total length (TL): refers to the length from the tip of the snout to the tip of the longer lobe of the caudal fin, usually measured with the lobes compressed along the midline.
Uzgojne ribe
It is a straight-line measure, not measured over the curve of the body (www.fishbase.org)
Novoizvaljene ličinke
Description of the different lengths used
Juvenilne ribe
Standard length
Vrsta
Fork length
Učestalost
Total length
hrana za pastrve
Chemical: a substance or a mixture
nema [2]
ECx: (Effect concentration for x % effect) is the concentration that causes an x % of an effect on test organisms within a given exposure period when compared with a control.
početna hrana za pastrve BSN
For example, an EC50 is a concentration estimated to cause an effect on a test end point in 50 % of an exposed population over a defined exposure period.
2 – 4 hranjenja dnevno
Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) is the lowest tested concentration of a test chemical at which the chemical is observed to have a statistically significant effect (at p < 0,05) when compared with the control.
14 – 16 dana nakon valjenja ili pri isplivavanju (nije nužno)
Appendixes 5 and 6 provide guidance.
19 dana nakon valjenja ili pri isplivavanju (nije nužno)
No observed effect concentration (NOEC) is the test concentration immediately below the LOEC, which when compared with the control, has no statistically significant effect (p < 0,05), within a stated exposure period.
BSN, hrana u listićima FBS
Test chemical: Any substance or mixture tested using this test method
BSN48, hrana u listićima
UVCB: substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials.
2 – 3 puta dnevno
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
pri valjenju od 90 %
SMILES: Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification.
2 dana nakon valjenja
TEST CONDITIONS, DURATION AND SURVIVAL CRITERIA FOR RECOMMENDED SPECIES
BSN, hrana u listićima
Key:
komercijalno dostupna hrana za ličinke, praživotinje [3], proteini [4]
SPECIES
BSN48, hrana u listićima
TEST CONDITIONS
BSN jednom dnevno; hrana u listićima dvaput dnevno
RECOMMENDED DURATION OF TEST
2 dana nakon valjenja
Typical minimum mean total length of control fish at the end of the study (mm) [1]
BSN48, hrana u listićima (ili kolnjaci)
SURVIVAL OF CONTROLS (minimum)
BSN jednom dnevno; hrana u listićima dvaput dnevno ili hrana u listićima i kolnjaci jednom dnevno
Temperature (°C)
nije primjenjivo
Salinity (0/00)
6 – 7 dana nakon mriješćenja
Photoperiod (hrs)
Cyprinodon variegatus
Hatching success
2 – 3 hranjenja dnevno
Post-hatch success
1 dan nakon valjenja ili po isplivavanju
Freshwater:
Hranu treba davati do sitosti.
12 - 16 [3]
Suvišnu hranu i izmet potrebno je po potrebi ukloniti kako bi se izbjeglo nakupljanje otpada.
Darkness for larvae until one week after hatching except when they are being inspected, then subdued lighting throughout test (12-16 hour photoperiod) (4).
percentil koeficijenata varijacije (CV) za odabrane slatkovodne vrste
For any given test conditions, light regime should be constant.
Vrsta
For any given test this shall be performed to ± 2 0/00.
Odgovor
FEEDING AND HANDLING GUIDANCE FOR BROOD AND TEST ANIMALS OF RECOMMENDED SPECIES
CV među ponovljenim uzorcima
FBS frozen brine shrimps; adults Artemia sp
CV unutar ponovljenih uzoraka
BSN brine shrimp nauplii; newly hatched
kalifornijska pastrva
BSN48 brine shrimp nauplii; 48 hours old
debeloglava gavčica
FOOD [1]
Za gotovo sve statističke testove koji se primjenjuju za ocjenu laboratorijskih toksikoloških studija od interesa su usporedbe između tretiranih skupina i kontrole.
POST-HATCH TRANSFER TIME
Stoga nije primjereno zahtijevati značajan F-test analize varijance (ANOVA) prije primjene Dunnettova ili Williamsova testa ili značajan Kruskal-Wallisov test prije primjene Jonckheere-Terpstraova, Mann-Whitneyjeva ili Dunnova testa (Hochberg i Tamhane 1987, Hsu 1996, Dunnett 1955, 1964, Williams 1971, 1972, 1975, 1977, Robertson et al.
TIME TO FIRST FEEDING
1988, Jonckheere 1954, Dunn 1964).
Brood fish
Dunnettov test ima ugrađenu prilagodbu multipliciteta i na njegov udio lažno pozitivnih i lažno negativnih rezultata negativno utječe primjena F-testa kao mjere nadzora.
Newly-hatched larvae
Na sličan se način Williamsovim i Jonckheere-Terpstraovim testom trenda postupnim snižavanjem primjenom razine značajnosti od 0,05 u svakom koraku održava ukupan udio lažno pozitivnih rezultata od 5 %, a na taj udio i snagu testa negativno utječe primjena F-testa ili Kruskal-Wallisova testa kao mjere nadzora.
Juveniles
Mann-Whitneyjev i Dunnov test treba prilagoditi s obzirom na multiplicitet; preporučuje se Bonferroni-Holmova prilagodba.
Type
Detaljna rasprava o većini preporuka u pogledu testiranja hipoteza i provjere valjanosti pretpostavki na kojima se temelje ti testovi nalazi se u Smjernici OECD-a iz 2006., koja sadržava i opsežnu bibliografiju.
Frequency
Postupanje s kontrolama ako se upotrebljava otapalo
trout food
Ako se upotrebljava otapalo, treba uključiti kontrolu s vodom za razrjeđivanje i kontrolu s otapalom.
None [2]
Te dvije kontrole treba usporediti u odnosu na svaki odgovor i kombinirati za statističku analizu ako se među njima ne utvrdi znatna razlika.
trout starter BSN
U suprotnom bi trebalo primijeniti kontrolu s otapalom za određivanje NOEC-a ili procjenu vrijednosti ECx, a kontrola s vodom se ne primjenjuje.
2-4 feeds per day
Vidjeti ograničenja kriterija valjanosti (stavak 7.).
14-16 days post-hatch or at swim-up (not essential)
Za vrijednosti dužine, težine, udjela valjenja iz jajašaca, smrtnosti ličinaka ili abnormalnih ličinaka te za prvi ili zadnji dan valjenja ili isplivavanja treba primijeniti T-test ili Mann-Whitneyjev test radi usporedbe kontrole s vodom za razrjeđivanje i kontrole s otapalom s razinom značajnosti od 0,05, zanemarujući sve tretirane skupine.
19 days post hatch or at swim-up
U izvješću treba navesti rezultate tih testova.
Commercial larvae food, protozoa [3], protein [4]
Druga je mogućnost primjena formalnog testa kao što je Shapiro-Wilkov ili Anderson-Darlingov test.
BSN48, flake food,
Dosljednost s homogenošću varijance može se ocijeniti vizualnim pregledom istog dijagrama rasipanja ili, formalno, Leveneovim testom.
BSN once daily; flake food twice daily
Normalnost ili homogenost varijance treba ocijeniti samo za parametarske testove kao što su Williamsov ili Dunnettov test.
2 days post hatch
Treba obratiti pažnju na moguće netipične vrijednosti (eng. outliers) i njihov utjecaj na analizu.