natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Legal status pending postponed removal: pending suspended removal the returnee benefits from the safeguards listed in Article 14 of the Return Directive (written confirmation of postponed obligation to return and some basic safeguards, such as access to emergency healthcare and necessary treatment of the illness, and family unity — see section 13 of this Handbook).
U Direktivi 2003/110/EZ definirane su detaljne mjere u pogledu pomoći između nadležnih tijela u tranzitnim zračnim lukama države članice u odnosu na udaljavanja zračnim putem s pratnjom ili bez pratnje.
The returnee is, however, not considered to be legally staying in a Member State, unless a Member State decides — in application of Article 6(4) of the Return Directive — to grant a permit or a right to legal stay to the third-country national.
U njoj je također predviđen skup pravila u cilju olakšavanja tranzita osoba koje se udaljava u zračnoj luci države članice koja nije donijela i izvršila odluku o udaljavanju.
Designation to reside at a specific place pending postponed removal: Article 9(3) contains an express reference to the possibilities listed in Article 7(3) to prevent absconding (see section 6.2), including the possibility to impose an obligation to stay at a certain place.
U tu svrhu u njoj se utvrđuju uvjeti pod kojima se mogu provoditi operacije tranzita i navodi se koje bi mjere pomoći zamoljena država članica trebala pružiti.
The Return Directive also applies to minors, including unaccompanied minors and provides for specific safeguards that need to be respected by the Member States.
Zahtjevi za pomoć podnose se na standardnom obrascu priloženom Direktivi 2003/110/EZ.
Such safeguards therefore apply to any individual under the age of 18 (i.e. a minor) who arrives on the territory of the Member States unaccompanied by an adult responsible for him or her and for as long as the minor is not effectively taken into the care of such person (including minor who was left unaccompanied after entry into the territory of the Member States).
Ti se zahtjevi šalju središnjim tijelima država članica koja su imenovana u tu svrhu.
In some Member States adolescents below the age of 18 are authorised to act in their own right in return (and asylum) procedures; however, the safeguards of the Return Directive are binding on Member States in relation to all minors up to the age of 18.
7.3.
Durable solutions are crucial to establish normality and stability for all minors in the long term.
Pravna osnova: Odluka 2004/573/EZ
Return is one of the options to be examined when identifying a durable solution for unaccompanied minors and any Member State's action must take into account as key consideration the best interests of the child.
Popis nacionalnih tijela koja su odgovorna za organizaciju i/ili sudjelovanje u zajedničkim letovima u skladu s člankom 3.
Before deciding to return an unaccompanied minor, and in accordance with Article 12(2) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child [50], the minors concerned must be heard, either directly or through a representative or an appropriate body, and an assessment of the best interests of the child shall always be carried out on an individual basis, including on the particular needs, on the current situation in the family and on the situation and reception conditions in the country of return.
Odluke 2004/573/EZ (dostupan kao EMN ad-hoc upit, vraćanje, 2015., na web-mjestu EMN Europa).
Such assessment should systematically look at whether return to the country of origin, including reunification with the family, is in the minor's best interests.
Odlukom 2004/573/EZ posebno je obuhvaćeno utvrđivanje zajedničkih i posebnih zadaća tijela odgovornih za organizaciju tih operacija i sudjelovanje u tim operacijama.
The assessment should be carried out by the competent authorities on the basis of a multidisciplinary approach, involving the minor's appointed guardian and/or the competent child protection authority.
Toj su Odluci Vijeća priložene Zajedničke smjernice koje se odnose na sigurnosne odredbe o zajedničkom udaljavanju zračnim putem.
Member States should also carry out a periodic re-assessment of the best interests of the child in the light of the developments of the individual case.
U skladu s člankom 8. stavkom 5.
Member States are encouraged to consider the interpretative and operational guidance provided by the joint UNHCR-Unicef guidelines on the determination of the best interests of the child [51], the General Comment No 14 of the UN Committee on the rights of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration [52], the UNHCR guidelines on determining the Best Interests of the Child [53] and the Field Handbook for the Implementation of UNHCR Best Interest Determination Guidelines [54].The minors' right to be heard in return proceedings involving or affecting them is an integral part of any best interests assessment (see Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child) and must be respected as a fundamental right recognised as a general principle of EU law, enshrined in the CFR.
Direktive o vraćanju, te Smjernice moraju se uzeti u obzir pri svakom udaljavanju zračnim putem, uključujući u isključivo nacionalnim operacijama (vidjeti odjeljak 7.1.).
It includes giving due weight to the minors' views, taking into account their age and maturity and any communication difficulties they may have in order to make this participation meaningful, and the respect for the minor's right to express his or her views freely (for further guidance, see section 12.1).
Pravna osnova: Uredba (EU) 2016/1624 – članak 28.
Definition of unaccompanied minor: the Return Directive does not define the term unaccompanied minor.
Jedna od zadaća Agencije za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu jest pružiti – podložno politici vraćanja Unije i posebice podložno Direktivi o vraćanju kao ključnom dijelu zakonodavstva Unije o vraćanju – pomoć u organizaciji i provedbi operacija vraćanja u državama članicama.
Taking into account that unaccompanied minors in many cases are or have been asylum seekers, it is recommended to use the definition provided in the most recent asylum directives, notably Article 2(e) of the recast Reception Conditions Directive: ‘a minor who arrives on the territory of the Member States unaccompanied by an adult responsible for him or her whether by law or by the practice of the Member State concerned, and for as long as he or she is not effectively taken into the care of such a person; it includes a minor who is left unaccompanied after he or she has entered the territory of the Member States’.
Uloga Agencije u pogledu pitanja vraćanja i njezino poštovanje temeljnih prava pojačani su Uredbom o europskoj graničnoj i obalnoj straži iz 2016.
Refraining from issuing return decisions to unaccompanied minors: Article 6(4) of the Return Directive expressly allows Member States to grant at any moment an authorisation or right to stay in accordance with national law to illegally staying third-country nationals.
Provođenje operacija vraćanja kojima upravlja Agencija donosi jasnu dodanu vrijednost stoga se države članice potiče da se što više koriste ovom mogućnošću.
This general rule also applies to minors.
Operacije vraćanja kojima upravlja Agencija podliježu nadzoru prisilnog vraćanja (vidjeti odjeljak 8.).
Hence, Member States that do not return/remove third-country minors staying illegally on their territory, or are restrained from removing the unaccompanied minor based on an assessment of the best interests of the child, are free to grant an authorisation or right to stay (for example a temporary permit to stay until the age of 18).
Pravna osnova: Direktiva o vraćanju – članak 8. stavak 6.
Article 6(1) of the Return Directive obliges Member State to say either ‘A’ (grant a permit or a legal right to stay) or ‘B’ (carry out return procedures) (see section 5).
Popis nacionalnih tijela za nadzor prisilnog vraćanja: EMN ad-hoc upit, vraćanje, 2015. na web-mjestu EMN-a Europa; popis nacionalnih tijela za nadzor prisilnog vraćanja koji je izradila Agencija Europske unije za temeljna prava (FRA) dostupan je na: http://fra.europa.eu/en/theme/asylum-migration-borders/forced-return.
Member States should therefore establish clear rules on the legal status of unaccompanied minors, allowing either to issue return decisions and carry out returns, or to grant them a right to stay in accordance with national law.
Države članice osiguravaju učinkovit sustav nadzora prisilnog vraćanja.
Member States should seek to ensure the availability of status determination procedures for those unaccompanied minors who are not returned.
Nadzor prisilnog vraćanja važan je alat koji može poslužiti povratniku i tijelima koja izvršavaju vraćanje kao ugrađeni mehanizam kontrole za nacionalne svakodnevne prakse vraćanja.
This is a straightforward approach, aimed at reducing ‘grey areas’ and improving legal certainty for all actors involved.
Učinkovitim nadzorom može se pridonijeti smirenju situacije.
In the light of the above, in order to be compatible with the Return Directive, the situation of unaccompanied minors in Member States that, following an assessment of the best interests of the child, do not return or remove third-country minors, should be framed in legal terms as either granting a (temporary) permit or a right to stay (for example until they reach the age of 18) in application of Article 6(4) of the Directive, or issuing a return decision and postponing the removal in accordance with Articles 6 and 9 of the Return Directive.
Njime se omogućuje brzo utvrđivanje i ispravljanje mogućih nedostataka.
Legal basis: Return Directive — Article 10(1)
Također se štite nadležna tijela – koja ponekad mogu biti izložena neopravdanoj kritici iz medija ili nevladinih organizacija – osiguravanjem nepristranog i neutralnog izvješćivanja.
Before deciding to issue a return decision in respect of an unaccompanied minor, assistance by appropriate bodies other than the authorities enforcing return shall be granted with due consideration being given to the best interests of the child.
Direktivom o vraćanju nije detaljno propisano kako bi trebali izgledati nacionalni sustavi za nadzor prisilnog vraćanja.
Historic reminder/explanation: Article 10(1) was not contained in the Commission proposal.
Državama članicama ostavlja se mnogo prostora za samostalno odlučivanje.
It was inserted in the text during the negotiations and it is directly inspired by Guideline 2(5) of the Council of Europe ‘Twenty Guidelines on forced return’ [55], which provides that ‘Before deciding to issue a removal order in respect of a separated child, assistance — in particular legal assistance — should be granted with due consideration given to the best interests of the child’.
Na temelju teksta Direktive i njezina konteksta, moguće je dati neko usmjerenje:
Nature of the ‘appropriate bodies’: the ‘appropriate body’ should be separated from the enforcing authority and could be a governmental body (possibly a separate service if within the same ministry), a non-governmental body, or a combination of both, providing for multidisciplinary cooperation between government-supported and non-governmental guardian systems and/or child-protection bodies.
nadzor prisilnog vraćanja trebalo bi shvaćati kao da obuhvaća sve aktivnosti koje države članice poduzimaju u pogledu udaljavanja – od priprema odlaska, do prihvata u zemlji vraćanja ili u slučaju neuspjelog udaljavanja do povratka u mjesto odlaska.
Bodies responsible for the care and protection of children shall comply with the standards established in the areas of safety, health, suitability of staff and competent supervision.
Njime nije obuhvaćen nadzor nakon vraćanja, na primjer razdoblje nakon prihvata osobe koja se vraća u trećoj zemlji;
The different roles and responsibilities of the actors must be clear and transparent in particular for the unaccompanied minor to allow for his/her active involvement and effective participation in all matters concerning him/her.
u sustavima nadzora trebale bi sudjelovati organizacije/tijela koji nisu tijela koja izvršavaju vraćanje i koji su neovisni o njima (nemo monitor in res sua);
Nature of the ‘assistance’: assistance should cover legal assistance but must not be limited to it.
nadzornici mogu biti javna tijela kao što je nacionalni pravobranitelj ili neovisno opće inspekcijsko tijelo.
Other aspects expressly mentioned by the Return Directive — such as provision of necessary medical assistance and healthcare, contact with family, access to basic education —, to support the realisation of the rights of the child as set out in the UN Convention on the rights of the child should also be addressed.
Međutim, čini se problematičnim dodijeliti ulogu nadzora odjelu istog upravnog tijela koje izvršava vraćanje/udaljavanja;
Specific emphasis should be given to the need to discuss with the minor in advance and throughout any processes and procedures, as well as all decisions affecting him/her.
samo postojanje pravnih lijekova u pojedinačnim slučajevima ili nacionalnim sustavima nadzora učinkovitosti nacionalnih politika vraćanja ne može se smatrati valjanom primjenom članka 8. stavka 6.
Minors should be informed in a child-sensitive and age- and context- appropriate manner on their rights, on procedures and on services available for their protection.
Direktive o vraćanju;
Timing of the ‘assistance’: the assistance by appropriate bodies should start at the earliest point in time, and it shall start before issuing a return decision.
također nema automatske obveze država članica da financiraju sve troškove nadzornika (kao što su troškovi zaposlenika), ali države članice imaju obvezu uspostaviti i upotrebljavati sustav nadzora prisilnog vraćanja (effet utile);
That implies a timely age assessment based on the benefit of the doubt.
6. članak 8. stavak 6.
Assistance should be a continuous and stable process, including during the return phase.
Direktive o vraćanju ne podrazumijeva obvezu nadzora svake pojedine operacije vraćanja.
It may also cover the post-return phase, to ensure adequate follow-up of return.
Sustav nadzora utemeljen na provjerama mjesta i nadzoru nasumičnih uzoraka može se smatrati dovoljnim ako je intenzitet nadzora dovoljno učestao da se može zajamčiti opća učinkovitost nazora;
If needed, a transfer of guardianship from the Member State to the country of return in line with Article 10(2) of the Return Directive should be achieved.
u članku 8. stavku 6.
Age assessment: the Return Directive contains no provisions on age assessment.
Direktive o vraćanju nije navedeno subjektivno pravo povratnika na nadzor.
Based on a systematic interpretation of the Union immigration and asylum acquis, the Commission recommends to refer to the provisions of Article 25(5) of the Asylum Procedures Directive, as well as to take into account related documents developed for instance by the European Asylum Support Office [56].Continuity of assistance in asylum and return procedures: Although the legal basis between the guardianship provided for to asylum seekers and the ‘assistance’ required for unaccompanied minors/children in the return process differ, close links between the requirements laid down in the asylum acquis and in the Return Directive exist and continuity of assistance in asylum and return procedures should be sought.
Nadzor operacija vraćanja kojima upravlja Agencija za europsku graničnu i obalnu stražu:
Provision of mere guardianship is not sufficient to comply with the obligation to provide assistance to minors, since ‘assistance by appropriate bodies’ means more than mere guardianship.
Člankom 28. stavkom 6.
Legal basis: Return Directive — Article 10(2)
Uredbe o europskoj graničnoj i obalnoj straži propisano je sljedeće: „Svaka se operacija vraćanja prati u skladu s člankom 8. stavkom 6.
Before removing an unaccompanied minor from the territory of a Member State, the authorities of that Member State shall be satisfied that he or she will be returned to:
Direktive 2008/115/EZ […] na temelju objektivnih i transparentnih kriterija provodi praćenje operacija prisilnog vraćanja koje obuhvaća cjelovitu operaciju vraćanja od faze prije polaska do izručenja povratnika u treću zemlju vraćanja”.
a member of his or her family,
To znači da svaka operacija prisilnog vraćanja koju koordinira Agencija i koja uključuje tehnička i operativna pojačanja koja pruža jedna ili više država članica podliježe nadzoru u skladu s nacionalnim pravilima i načinima kojima se prenosi članak 8. stavka 6.
a nominated guardian, or
Direktive o vraćanju.
adequate reception facilities in the State of return.
Ne dovodeći u pitanje obveze izvješćivanja predviđene nacionalnim pravom, promatrači prisilnog vraćanja moraju nakon svake operacije podnijeti izvješće izvršnom direktoru Agencije, službeniku za temeljna prava i nadležnim nacionalnim tijelima svih država članica koje sudjeluju u operaciji.
Among the options provided for by Article 10(2) of the Return Directive, it is recommended that the return to family members should be the preferred one, unless this is manifestly not in the child's best interests.
Pravna osnova: Direktiva o vraćanju – članak 9.
Member States should therefore undertake efforts to establish the identity and nationality of the unaccompanied minor and to trace family members.
Države članice odgađaju udaljavanje:
Return to a guardian or an adequate reception facility can be an acceptable alternative under certain conditions.
ako bi to kršilo načelo non refoulement ili
The Commission recommends that Member States put in place appropriate reintegration measures targeting unaccompanied minors who return to their country of origin, and ensure prompt access to such measures both before departure and after arrival in the third country of return.
za vrijeme trajanja suspenzivnog učinka odobrenog u skladu s člankom 13. stavkom 2.
Family tracing: Member States should launch procedures for tracing the parents or family members of unaccompanied minors as soon as possible, involving the appointed guardian and/or a person responsible for child protection.
Države članice mogu odgoditi udaljavanje na određeno vrijeme uzimajući u obzir posebne okolnosti pojedinačnog slučaja.
To facilitate family tracing as well as for identifying a guardian or an adequate facility in view of return, the competent national authorities should take measures to work in cooperation with consular services, liaison officers, child protection bodies, international organisations and NGOs in the country of return, making full use of existing cross-border cooperation channels.
Države članice posebno uzimaju u obzir:
Voluntary departure of minors: in principle, Article 10(2) only applies to situations where the minor is removed and not situations where the minor is leaving the Member State voluntarily.
fizičko ili duševno stanje državljanina treće zemlje;
Taking into account the Member States' obligation deriving from the requirement to take into due account the best interests of the child, it is recommended to also assess the situation in the family and the situation and reception conditions in the country of return in cases of voluntary departure.
tehničke razloge kao što je nemogućnost prijevoza ili neizvedivost udaljavanja zbog nedostatka identifikacijskih podataka.
The adequacy of reception facilities in the country of return needs to be assessed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the individual circumstances and the age of the returned minor.
Ako je udaljavanje odgođeno prema stavcima 1. i 2., obveze iz članka 7. stavka 3. mogu biti izrečene u pogledu konkretnog državljanina treće zemlje.
A mere reception by the border police in the country of return without any necessary follow-up measures or flanking measures cannot be considered as ‘adequate reception’.
U Direktivi o vraćanju određene su dvije apsolutne zabrane: Države članice ne smiju udaljiti osobu ako bi se udaljavanjem prekršilo načelo zabrane prisilnog udaljenja ili vraćanja.
Member State should pay particular attention to availability of appropriate housing, access to healthcare and education in the country of return.
Države članice također ne smiju izvršiti udaljavanje u slučaju suspenzije zbog neriješene žalbe.
Member States shall respect Article 20 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and are encouraged to meet the UN Guidelines for the alternative care of children [57].11.
U drugim slučajevima države članice mogu odgoditi udaljavanje na određeno vrijeme uzimajući u obzir posebne okolnosti pojedinačnog slučaja.
Legal basis: Return Directive — Article 3(6) and Article 11
Popis mogućih razloga otvoren je i države članice mogu fleksibilno reagirati na bilo koju novonastalu ili novootkrivenu okolnost koja opravdava odgodu udaljavanja.
‘Entry ban’ means an administrative or judicial decision or act prohibiting entry into and stay on the territory of the Member States for a specified period, accompanying a return decision.
Konkretni primjeri navedeni u Direktivi o vraćanju (fizičko ili psihičko stanje predmetne osobe, tehnički razlozi, kao što je nedovoljna dostupnost odgovarajućih prijevoznih sredstava) okvirni su primjeri.
Return decisions shall be accompanied by an entry ban:
Države članice mogu u svom nacionalnom provedbenom zakonodavstvu i/ili upravnoj praksi predvidjeti i druge slučajeve.
if no period for voluntary departure has been granted; or
Razlika između vremena dobrovoljnog odlaska i odgode udaljavanja: U članku 7.
if the obligation to return has not been complied with.
Direktive o vraćanju (dobrovoljni odlazak) predviđeno je „razdoblje odgode” kako bi se omogućio uredan i pripremljen odlazak; on se odnosi samo na povratnike od kojih se očekuje da će dobrovoljno postupiti u skladu s odlukom o vraćanju.
The length of the entry ban shall be determined with due regard to all relevant circumstances of the individual case and shall not in principle exceed five years.
Pravni položaj za vrijeme odgođenog udaljavanja: u iščekivanju odgođenog udaljavanja, povratnik ima pravo na zaštitne mjere navedene u članku 14.
It may however exceed five years if the third-country national represents a serious threat to public policy, public security or national security.
Direktive o vraćanju (pisana potvrda o odgođenoj obvezi vraćanja i neke osnovne zaštitne mjere, kao što su pristup hitnoj zdravstvenoj skrbi i nužno liječenje u slučaju bolesti te ujedinjenje obitelji – vidjeti odjeljak 13. ovog Priručnika).
The return-related entry bans foreseen in the Return Directive are intended to have preventive effects and to foster the credibility of Union return policy by sending a clear message that those who disregard migration rules in EU Member States will not be allowed to re-enter any EU Member State for a specified period of time.
Međutim, ne smatra se da povratnik zakonito boravi u državi članici, osim ako država članica odluči – primjenom članka 6. stavka 4.
The Directive obliges Member States to issue an entry ban in two ‘qualified’ cases: (i) no period for voluntary departure granted; and (ii) obligation to return not complied with.
Direktive o vraćanju – državljaninu treće zemlje izdati dozvolu ili pravo na boravak.
In all other cases, return decisions may be accompanied by an entry ban.
Određivanje posebnog mjesta boravka u iščekivanju odgođenog udaljavanja: U članku 9. stavku 3. izričito se upućuje na mogućnosti navedene u članku 7. stavku 3. za sprječavanje bijega (vidjeti odjeljak 6.2.), uključujući mogućnost određivanja obveze ostanka na određenom mjestu.
The length of the entry ban must be determined with due regard to all relevant circumstances of the individual case.
Direktiva o vraćanju primjenjuje se i na maloljetnike, uključujući maloljetnike bez pratnje, i njome su predviđene posebne zaštitne mjere koje države članice moraju poštovati.
In principle it should not exceed five years.
Takve zaštitne mjere stoga se primjenjuju na sve pojedince mlađe od 18 godina (tj. maloljetnike) koji na teritorij država članica pristignu bez pratnje odrasle osobe odgovorne za njih i dok god nisu učinkovito stavljeni pod skrb takve osobe (to uključuje maloljetnike koji su ostali bez pratnje nakon što su pristigli na područje država članica).