natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The product concerned is certain pneumatic tyres, new or retreaded, of rubber, of a kind used for buses or lorries, with a load index exceeding 121 originating in the PRC, currently falling within CN codes 40112090 and ex40121200 (TARIC code 4012120010).
Marangoni Spa Ltd.
These CN and TARIC codes are given for information only.
Italija,
The product concerned covers both new and retreaded pneumatic tyres for buses or lorries which share the same essential physical, chemical and technical characteristics.
četiri proizvođača iz Unije koja su zatražila povjerljivost.
Both types of the product concerned are made of the same input (even if the technology involved may differ) and have a similar structure.
Proizvođači izvoznici iz NRK-a:
The variance in raw materials and structure impart different performance characteristics.
Aeolus Tyre Co., Ltd, (Jiaozuo), Chonche Auto Double Happiness Tyre Corp., Ltd, (Taiyuan) i Pirelli Tyre Co, Ltd, (Jining),
Manufacturing process
Xingyuan Tire Group Ltd., Co. i Guangrao Xinhongyuan Tyre Co., Ltd.
New tyres
(Dongying),
Manufacturing process of the new lorry and bus tyres involves: (1) compounding and mixing rubber; (2) tyre components preparation; (3) (green) tyre building; (4) curing (vulcanisation); and (5) final inspection.
Giti Tire (Kina) Investment Co., (Shanghai), Giti Tire (Anhui) Co., Ltd, (Hefei), Giti Tire (Hualin) Co., Ltd (Hualin), i povezani izvoznik u Singapuru,
All lorry and bus tyres are made from the same basic raw materials, namely natural rubber, synthetic rubber, steel, carbon black, other chemicals and oils as well as fabric and have the same components, namely tread belt, sidewall, inner casing, bead wires, steel belts, casing cords, even if a certain variance is found between the various producers of this product.
Shanghai Hankook Tire Sales Co., Ltd.
The manufacturing process of the new lorry and bus tyres was also found to involve varying technologies, which, however, did not impact on the overall findings of interchangeability.
(Shanghai), Chongqing Hankook Tire Co., (Chongqing) Ltd., Jiangsu Hankook Tire Co., Ltd.
Retreaded tyres
(Jiangsu), i povezani izvoznik u Seoulu, Koreja.
Retreading is essentially a recycling process whereby worn tyres are refurbished through a replacement of the tread on an old casing.
Proizvođači u analognoj zemlji:
Casings are main elements of the retreading process, and, as such a substantial part of the retreader activity is the selection and acquisition of casings suitable for retreading.
anonimni proizvođač iz analogne zemlje Brazila.
Casings are thereby the main input of the production process and constitute — depending of their quality — either a real ‘semi-finished’ product or a waste.
Povezani uvoznici iz Unije:
Again, this process can involve varying technologies without impact on the Commission's interchangeability findings.
Giti Ujedinjena Kraljevina, Cheshire, Ujedinjena Kraljevina,
Uses and types of tyres
Hankook Ujedinjena Kraljevina, Northamptonshire, Ujedinjena Kraljevina i Hankook Njemačka, Neu-Isenburg, Njemačka.
Lorry and bus tyres are produced in a large variety of types and sizes found on a wide range of commercial vehicles, from local delivery lorries and buses in urban or regional settings to the long haul lorries and buses according to their size and load index specifications.
PREDMETNI PROIZVOD I ISTOVJETNI PROIZVOD
They are neither suitable for use on passenger vehicles or on other light commercial vehicles nor for fully off-the-road vehicles such as agricultural tractors.
Predmetni proizvod
Tube type tyre is a more traditional option; it has an inner tube, which has its own valve, placed inside the tyre.
Te oznake KN i TARIC imaju samo informativnu svrhu.
In a tubeless tire, the tire and the rim of the wheel form an airtight seal, with the valve being directly mounted on the rim.
Predmetni proizvod obuhvaća nove i protektirane pneumatske gume za autobuse ili kamione koje imaju jednaka bitna fizička, kemijska i tehnička svojstva.
An overwhelming majority of tyres for lorries or buses sold in the Union are tubeless tyres.
Obje vrste predmetnog proizvoda izrađuju se od istih ulaznih materijala (čak i ako se upotrijebljena tehnologija razlikuje) i imaju sličnu strukturu.
The four categories of tyres for lorries or buses are: steer, drive, trailer and multi-position.
Zbog razlika u sirovinama i strukturi različite su značajke učinkovitosti.
Steer tyres are designed to be used on the front axle to aid with steering, but can be used in all positions on the lorries or bus depending on the vehicle's use.
Postupak proizvodnje
Drive tyres are designed for the drive train and provide better traction.
Nove gume
Trailer tyres are designed to be mounted on trailers, while multi-position tyres are designed to be used in all in all positions on a vehicle depending on its use.
Postupak proizvodnje novih guma za kamione i autobuse uključuje: 1. pripremu i miješanje kaučuka, 2. pripremu komponenti gume, 3. (zelenu) proizvodnju gume, 4. vulkanizaciju i 5. završnu kontrolu.
Tyres, new or retreaded, are subject to the same safety requirements in the Union market as set out in Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Sve gume za kamione i autobuse izrađuju se od istih osnovnih sirovina, odnosno prirodnog kaučuka, sintetičkog kaučuka, čelika, ugljene čađe, drugih kemikalija i ulja te tekstila i imaju iste komponente, odnosno gazni sloj, bok gume, unutarnji plašt, žičani obruč u stopi, čelični pojas i kordne niti na plaštu, čak i ako postoje određene razlike među proizvođačima tog proizvoda.
Segmentation into three tiers of the Union market for tyres
Utvrđeno je da su u postupak proizvodnje novih guma za kamione i autobuse uključene različite tehnologije, ali one nisu utjecale na ukupne nalaze međusobne zamjenjivosti.
Information collected and received by the Commission indicates that the Union market for bus and lorry tyres is segmented in three tiers or segments.
Protektirane gume
While there are no clear dividing lines among tiers, there is a general agreement among interested parties and the findings of the Commission on the following categorisation.
Protektiranje je zapravo postupak recikliranja u kojem se istrošene gume obnavljaju zamjenom gaznog sloja na starom plaštu.
Tier 1 tyres cover premium new tyres with the flagship brand of main manufacturers.
Plaštevi su glavni elementi postupka protektiranja te su stoga odabir i nabava odgovarajućih plašteva za protektiranje bitan dio djelatnosti protektiranja.
Brand recognition is a key factor for tyres in this tier and justifies significantly higher prices for expected high performances as well particularly strong marketing investments.
Plaštevi su stoga glavni ulazni materijal postupka proizvodnje i, ovisno o svojoj kvaliteti, čine stvarni „polugotovi” proizvod ili otpad.
Original equipment for lorries or buses manufacturers (‘OE1’) tyres are primarily included in that tier.
Taj postupak opet može uključivati različite tehnologije, a da to ne utječe na nalaze međusobne zamjenjivosti koje je utvrdila Komisija.
The quality of tier 1 tyres ensures a high level of retreadability of the tyres which are designed to be ‘multi-life’ tyres further increasing the significantly higher mileage of the original product (up to three retreading for a normal use).
Upotreba i vrste guma
Tier 1 tyres are also associated with a higher level of safety and are often accompanied with a good level of after-sale services.
Proizvode se različite vrste i veličine guma za kamione i autobuse koje se upotrebljavaju za velik broj gospodarskih vozila, od lokalnih dostavnih kamiona i autobusa u gradskim i regionalnim područjima do kamiona i autobusa za velike udaljenosti, ovisno o veličini i specifikacijama indeksa opterećenja.
Tier 2 tyres cover most non-premium tyres, both new and retreaded tyres, with prices ranging between approximately 65 % and 80 % of the price of tier 1 tyres.
Ne mogu se upotrebljavati za osobna vozila, druga laka gospodarska vozila ili terenska vozila, kao što su poljoprivredni traktori.
Original equipment for trailers manufacturers (‘OE2’) tyres may be included in that tier.
U gumama bez zračnice guma i naplatak kotača hermetički su zatvoreni i ventil se postavlja izravno na naplatak.
Brand recognition remains important in this tier and brands are usually well-known from purchasers which are also able to identify the tyre manufacturers.
Velika većina guma za kamione ili autobuse koje se prodaju u Uniji gume su bez zračnica.
They are generally retreadable at least once and, although more limited than tier 1 tyres, deliver good performances in terms of mileage.
Četiri su kategorije guma za kamione ili autobuse: upravljačke i pogonske gume, gume za prikolice te gume za kombiniranu uporabu.
Tier 3 tyres cover both new and retreaded tyres with lower mileage performances and very limited retreadability, if any.
Upravljačke gume izrađuju se za prednju osovinu kao pomoć pri upravljanju, ali se mogu upotrebljavati i kombinirano za kamione ili autobuse, ovisno o namjeni vozila.
They are typically priced at less than 65 % of the price and mileage performance of tier 1 tyres.
Pogonske gume izrađuju se za pogonski sustav i pružaju bolje trenje.
In that tier, brand recognition is almost non-existent and price becomes the determining factor in the customer's decision to purchase.
Gume za prikolice osmišljene su za postavljanje na prikolice, a gume za kombiniranu uporabu mogu se upotrebljavati u svim položajima na vozilu ovisno o uporabi vozila.
They are usually not provided with after-sale services.
Nove ili protektirane gume na tržištu Unije podliježu sigurnosnim zahtjevima koji su isti kao zahtjevi utvrđeni u Direktivi 2007/46/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća.
Retreaded tyres can be classified under tier 2 or tier 3.
Podjela tržišta guma u Uniji na tri razine
While some Chinese tyres are retreadable, there is very little retreading performed in China.
Informacije koje Komisija prikupila i primila upućuju na to da je tržište guma za autobuse i kamione u Uniji podijeljeno na tri razine ili segmenta.
Retreading is, however, quite widespread in the Union and in other markets, for example in Brazil.
Iako ne postoje jasne granice između razina, između zainteresiranih strana i nalaza Komisije postoji opća suglasnost u pogledu sljedeće kategorizacije.
The retreading activity in the Union consists of:
Gume 1. razine uključuju vrhunske nove gume najboljih marki najvećih proizvođača.
integrated retreaders acting under the name, brand or mandate of a producer of new tyres.
Prepoznatljivost marke ključan je čimbenik za gume te razine te opravdava znatno više cijene za očekivane visoku izvedbu i izrazito velika ulaganja u oglašavanje.
They are seen as the continuation of the brands selling the new tyres.
Toj razini pripadaju ponajprije gume proizvođača originalne opreme („OE1”) za kamione ili autobuse.
This corresponds to tier 2 tyres,
Kvalitetom guma iz 1. razine osigurava se visoka razina mogućnosti protektiranja guma koje se izrađuju tako da se mogu više puta obnavljati, čime se dodatno povećava znatno veća kilometraža originalnog proizvoda (najviše tri protektiranja za uobičajenu upotrebu).
independent retreaders which usually cover much smaller geographical markets and volumes.
Gume 1. razine povezuju se i s višom razinom sigurnosti te često uključuju dobru razinu usluga nakon prodaje.
They sell tyres under their own name or brand and rely on their own expertise.
Gume 2. razine uključuju većinu novih i protektiranih guma niže kvalitete s cijenama od oko 65 %–80 % cijene guma 1. razine.
Most of them are SMEs (at least 380 companies in the Union).
U tu se razinu mogu uključiti gume proizvođača originalne opreme („OE2”) za prikolice.
This corresponds to tier 3 tyres.
Prepoznatljivost marke važna je i u toj razini te su marke obično dobro poznate kupcima koji mogu utvrditi i proizvođača guma.
The Commission issued the mapping of new and retreaded tyres by brand on the basis of information provided by the complainant, which was made available to all the interested parties on 27 October 2017.
Načelno se mogu protektirati najmanje jednom i, iako su ograničenije od guma 1. razine, imaju dobru izvedbu u smislu kilometraže.
Claims regarding the segmentation of the Union market for tyres
Gume 3. razine uključuju nove i protektirane gume lošije izvedbe u smislu kilometraže te vrlo ograničenih mogućnosti protektiranja, ako postoje.
As noted in recital (58), interested parties generally accepted the principle of the market segmentation into three tiers.
Njihova je cijena obično manja od 65 % cijene i kilometraže guma 1. razine.
The market mapping of tyre brands as laid down in the note to the file of 27 October 2017 by tiers was generally endorsed by the interested parties, except for the following claims from interested parties to reclassify certain brands into different tiers.
U toj razini kupci ne prepoznaju gotovo nijednu marku te cijena postaje odlučujući čimbenik u njihovoj odluci o kupnji.
More specifically, Aeolus Group considered its Aeolus brand as tier 3 (instead of tier 2); two importers importing the brand Double Coin claimed it should be classified into tier 2 (instead of tier 3); the Hankook Group considered that its brand Aurora belonged to tier 2 (instead of tier 3); the Giti Group considered in its questionnaire reply that its brand Primewell and GT Radial belonged to tier 2 (instead of tier 3) and an independent importer claimed that the brand Sailun should be classified into tier 2 (instead of tier 3).
One obično ne uključuju usluge nakon prodaje.
The Commission reviewed the claims on the basis of evidence submitted by the interested parties and information collected ex officio during the investigation.
Protektirane gume mogu se svrstati u 2. ili 3. razinu.
In line with the characteristics identified in recital (49), it analysed in how far the tyres from the specific brands are (1) retreadable; (2) used for original equipment for buses and lorries; and (3) marketed in a certain tier according to each company's own assessment.
Iako se neke kineske gume mogu protektirati, u Kini se obavlja vrlo malo protektiranja.
With respect to the Hankook Group, the Commission accepted to classify the brand Aurora into tier 2 as requested.
Međutim, djelatnost protektiranja vrlo je raširena u Uniji i na drugim tržištima, primjerice u Brazilu.
However, it also found that Hankook brand should be classified into tier 1.
Djelatnost protektiranja u Uniji sastoji se od sljedećeg:
For its Hankook brand, there is a legal guarantee that its tyres can be retreaded at least once.
integriranih proizvođača protektiranih guma koji djeluju pod imenom i markom proizvođača novih guma ili po njegovu nalogu.
Moreover, it acts as an OE1 supplier for European companies such as Scania, MAN and Mercedes-Benz.
Oni se smatraju nastavkom marki pod kojima se prodaju nove gume.
The website of the Hankook group markets its Hankook brand as ‘premium’, and an internal document from a related importer handed over during verification indicated that the brand has moved into tier 1.
To odgovara gumama 2. razine.
With respect to the Giti Group, the Commission accepted to classify the brands Primewell and GT Radial into tier 2 as requested.
neovisni proizvođači protektiranih guma koji obično obuhvaćaju znatno manja zemljopisna tržišta i obujmove.
The Commission also found that Giti tyres are retreadable.
Oni prodaju gume pod vlastitim imenom ili vlastitom markom te se oslanjaju na vlastito stručno znanje.
However, the original equipment activities of the Giti Group do not extend to lorries and buses, but relate to passenger car tyres.
Većinom su to MSP-ovi (najmanje 380 društava u Uniji).
In addition, the Giti Group considers its brands as tier 2.
To odgovara gumama 3. razine.
Therefore, the brands of the group were classified into tier 2.
Komisija je na temelju informacija podnositelja pritužbe objavila podjelu novih i protektiranih guma prema markama, koja je zainteresiranim stranama stavljena na raspolaganje 27. listopada 2017.
For the Aeolus Group, the Commission provisionally accepted to classify its Aeolus brand into tier 3 as requested by the company, based on the claims that its tyres are generally not retreadable and they are not sold in the OE market.
Tvrdnje u pogledu podjele tržišta guma u Uniji na razine
The importers making the claims on the brands Double Coin and Sailun were not sampled companies, so the Commission could not verify their claims at this stage.
Kako je navedeno u uvodnoj izjavi 58., zainteresirane strane općenito su prihvatile načelo podjele tržišta na tri razine.
As they were not sampled, their classification into tier 2 or 3 does not affect the outcome of the investigation.
Zainteresirane strane načelno su podržale tržišnu podjelu marki guma na temelju razina, kako je utvrđena u bilješci uz spis od 27. listopada 2017., uz sljedeće iznimke u kojima su zainteresirane strane podnijele zahtjev da se određene marke svrstaju u različite razine.
Therefore, while not calling into question the evidence submitted by the importers on their experience of their customers with the tyres from such brands, the Commission did not take any position on their claims at this stage.
Točnije, Grupa Aeolus smatrala je da njezina marka Aeolus pripada 3. razini (a ne 2. razini), dva uvoznika koja uvoze marku Double Coin tvrdila su da bi tu marku trebalo svrstati u 2. razinu (a ne u 3. razinu), Grupa Hankook smatrala je da njezina marka Aurora pripada 2. razini (a ne 3. razini), Grupa Giti u odgovoru na upitnik smatrala je da njezine marke Primewell i GT Radia pripadaju 2. razini (a ne 3. razini), a neovisni uvoznik tvrdio je da bi marku Sailun trebalo svrstati u 2. razinu (a ne u 3. razinu).
Several interested parties submitted that the tier mapping by brand is applicable only to the Union and in other markets the tier mapping may be very different.
Komisija je te tvrdnje preispitala na temelju dokaza koje su dostavile zainteresirane strane i informacija prikupljenih po službenoj dužnosti tijekom ispitnog postupka.
In particular the Union tier mapping cannot be transposed to the Chinese market.
U skladu sa svojstvima utvrđenima u uvodnoj izjavi 49.
The Commission underlined that the mapping by brand was used in this investigation for the purpose of analysing the situation in the Union market and had no legal significance for other markets.
Komisija je analizirala u kojoj se mjeri gume određenih marki 1. mogu protektirati, 2. upotrebljavaju kao originalna oprema za autobuse i kamione i 3. stavljaju na tržište u određenoj razini na temelju vlastite procjene svakog društva.
Product exclusion requests
Komisija je prihvatila zahtjev Grupe Hankook za svrstavanje marke Aurora u 2. razinu.
CRIA and CCCME as well as Aeolus Group claimed that either new tyres or retreaded tyres should be excluded from the definition of the product concerned, because:
Međutim, utvrdila je i da bi marku Hankook trebalo svrstati u 1. razinu.
new tyres and retreaded tyres have different essential physical, technical and chemical characteristics,
Za marku Hankook postoji zakonsko jamstvo da se njegove gume mogu protektirati najmanje jednom.
retreaded tyres have a shorter lifespan than new tyres,
Nadalje, djeluje kao dobavljač originalne opreme (OE1) za europska društva, kao što su Scania, MAN i Mercedes-Benz.
new tyres and retreaded tyres have different uses, sales channels, applications and consumer perception.
Na web-mjestu Grupe Hankook njezina se marka Hankook oglašava kao „vrhunska” te je u internom dokumentu povezanog uvoznika koji je predan tijekom provjere navedeno da je ta marka prebačena u 1. razinu.
In particular, retreaded tyres are not used in the original equipment market, and they are not generally fitted on the steering axle and onto lorries carrying dangerous goods,
Komisija je prihvatila zahtjev Grupe Giti za svrstavanje marki Primewell i GT Radial u 2. razinu.
new and retreaded tyres have different CN codes.
Komisija je utvrdila i da se gume Grupe Giti mogu protektirati.
Those parties also observed that the Commission and the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) in several competition cases concluded that new tyres and retreaded ones constitute two different relevant markets in terms of price, structure of supply, structure of demand, supply channels and substitutability.
Međutim, djelatnosti Grupe Giti u pogledu proizvodnje originalne opreme ne uključuju kamione i autobuse, ali odnose se na gume za osobne automobile.
CRIA and CCCME also pointed out that other anti-dumping investigating authorities treated new and retreaded tyres separately.
Osim toga, Grupa Giti smatra da njezine marke pripadaju 2. razini.
CRIA and CCCME submitted that the Commission erred in its assessment with regard to the factors of relevance, by not treating new and retreaded tyres separately.
Stoga su marke te grupe svrstane u 2. razinu.
The Giti Group claimed that retreadable or multi-life tyres should be excluded from the definition of the product concerned as retreadable tyres are more sophisticated than non-retreadable tyres with distinctive technical features.
Komisija je privremeno prihvatila zahtjev Grupe Aeolus da se njezina marka Aelous svrsta u 3. razinu na temelju tvrdnji da se njezine gume općenito ne može protektirati i da se ne prodaju na tržištu originalne opreme.
The Commission found that the retreading process preserves the main characteristics, the components, and the structure of the tyre resulting from the initial manufacturing process.
Uvoznici koji su podnijeli zahtjev za marke Double Coin i Sailun nisu bili društva u uzorku pa Komisija u ovoj fazi nije mogla provjeriti njihovu istinitost.
In particular, the key technical specifications of the tyre, namely size, load index and speed rating of the tyre are not modified at the retreading stage.
Budući da nisu bili u uzorku, njihovo svrstavanje u 2. ili 3. razinu ne utječe na ishod ispitnog postupka.
New tyres (retreadable or non-retreadable) and retreaded tyres are made of the same raw materials, of the same components, and have a similar structure.
Stoga, ne dovodeći u pitanje dokaze koje su dostavili izvoznici o iskustvu njihovih kupaca s gumama takvih marki, Komisija u ovoj fazi nije donijela nikakvu odluku o njihovim zahtjevima.
The main difference in technical characteristics between a newly produced tyre and a retreaded tyre built on its casing is that a retreaded tyre may indeed have a shorter lifespan and the retreaded tyre may be perceived as a less safe option.
Nekoliko zainteresiranih strana navelo je da se podjela razina po markama može primijeniti samo na Uniju te da se na drugim tržištima ta podjela može znatno razlikovati.
However, exactly the same technical, quality and safety perception differences arise between two new tyres from different tiers.
Točnije, podjela razina u Uniji ne može se prenijeti na kinesko tržište.
In particular, lower tier tyres have also lower mileage and they will not be a preferred option for vehicles that need to comply to very high safety standards namely the ones carrying dangerous goods.
Komisija je naglasila da je podjela po markama u ovom ispitnom postupku upotrijebljena za potrebe analize situacije na tržištu Unije i da nema nikakvo pravno značenje za druga tržišta.
Therefore, the Commission provisionally rejected the claim that new (retreadable or non-retreadable) and retreaded tyres have different basic physical, chemical and technical characteristics.
Zahtjevi za isključenje proizvoda
The Commission further found that both new and retreaded tyres are used by owners of lorries or buses, mainly active in the sector of short to long haul transportation of persons or goods.
CRIA i CCCME te Grupa Aeolus tvrdili su da bi iz definicije predmetnog proizvoda trebalo isključiti nove ili protektirane gume zbog sljedećih razloga:
Therefore, the essential end use of new and retreaded tyres is the same.
nove i protektirane gume imaju različita bitna fizička, tehnička i kemijska svojstva;
The Commission also found that new and retreaded tyres have the same four main types of application namely steer, drive, trailer and all-position and are subject to the same safety requirements on the Union market as set in the relevant legislation.
protektirane gume imaju kraći životni vijek od novih guma;