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Aqueous solvents (saline or water) should not exceed 10 % (v/v) in the final treatment medium.
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The level of reproducibility in predictions that can be expected from the test method is in the order of 85 % within laboratories and 80 % between laboratories (10).
Početkom 2004. radnoj skupini EU-a za tvari s postojanim, bioakumulativnim i otrovnim svojstvima dostavljen je nacrt protokola (38.) osmišljenog za mjerenje potencijala bioakumulacije organskih tvari koje su slabo topljive u vodi i za koje nije moguće provesti standardnu metodu ispitivanja biokoncentracije vodenim izlaganjem, zajedno s popratnim dokumentom (39.).
On the basis of the overall data available, the DPRA was shown to be applicable to test chemicals covering a variety of organic functional groups, reaction mechanisms, skin sensitisation potency (as determined in in vivo studies) and physico-chemical properties (8) (9) (10) (19).
Međutim, potrebno je naglasiti da se u metodi koja se ovdje opisuje pažljivo izbjegava izlaganje kroz vodenu fazu te se stoga vrijednost BMF-a iz ove ispitne metode ne može izravno usporediti s vrijednošću BMF-a iz terenskih ispitivanja (u kojima je moguće kombinirati vodeno izlaganje i izlaganje kroz hranu).
The term “test chemical” is used in this test method to refer to what is being tested and is not related to the applicability of the DPRA to the testing of substances and/or mixtures.
Ovim se alternativnim ispitivanjem omogućuje izravno istraživanje puta izlaganja kroz hranu u kontroliranim laboratorijskim uvjetima.
A test chemical should be soluble in an appropriate solvent at a final concentration of 100 mM (see paragraph 18).
Environ Toxicol Chem 12: 2031-2035.
However, test chemicals that are not soluble at this concentration may still be tested at lower soluble concentrations.
(OECD (1997), OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment Number 7: Guidance Document on Direct Phototransformation of Chemicals in Water OCDE/GD(97)21.
In such a case, a positive result could still be used to support the identification of the test chemical as a skin sensitiser but no firm conclusion on the lack of reactivity should be drawn from a negative result.
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Appearance of precipitate in the reaction mixture at the end of the incubation time, if observed.
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Relevance incorporates consideration of the accuracy (concordance) of a test method (21).
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Reliability
Anonymous (2004), Background document to the fish dietary study protocol, document submitted to the TC-NES WG on PBT.
The proportion of all negative/inactive chemicals that are correctly classified by the test method.
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It is a measure of accuracy for a test method that produces categorical results and is an important consideration in assessing the relevance of a test method (21).
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Determination of instrument performance (e.g. sensitivity) by analysis of a reference standard prior to running the analytical batch (22).
Thomann R.V.
Test chemical
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0-7
20 – 25
15-55
13 – 17
10-45
Uzorkovanje riba
At least one well per plate should be left empty (no cells and no treatment) to assess background values.
Dodatno uzorkovanje (dani) [2]
Archives of Toxicology 85, 367-485.
[jednadžba A5.17]
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 245, 281-290.
teSS = 6,54 · 10 – 3 · KOW + 55,31 (sati)
Dinkova-Kostova A.T., Holtzclaw W.D., Kensler T.W.
[jednadžba A5.19]
Kansanen E., Kuosmanen S.M., Leinonen H., Levonen A.L.
To je posebno korisno kada se uspoređuju različite procjene koje su posljedica transformacije podataka.
Natsch A., Bauch C., Foertsch L., Gerberick F., Normann K., Hilberer A., Inglis H., Landsiedel R., Onken S., Reuter H., Schepky A., Emter R. (2011).
Budući da postoji snažna korelacija između parametara k1 i k2 ako se procjenjuju istodobno, možda je bolje prvo izračunati k2 samo iz podataka o izlučivanju (vidjeti prethodno navedeno); k2 se u većini slučajeva može prilično precizno procijeniti iz krivulje izlučivanja.
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Potom se k1 može izračunati iz podataka o apsorpciji s pomoću nelinearne regresije [6].
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 33, 1337-1352.
Jedna od najčešćih komplikacija rast je riba tijekom ispitivanja.
Natsch A., Emter R., Ellis G. (2009).
U slučajevima u kojima postoje pokazatelji da kinetika prvog reda ne vrijedi, preporučuje se potražiti savjet biostatističara o prikladnom ispravljanju u odnosu na razrjeđenje zbog rasta ili primijeniti pristup koji se temelji na masi, koji je opisan u nastavku.
Ball N., Cagen S., Carrillo J.C., Certa H., Eigler D., Emter R., Faulhammer F., Garcia C., Graham C., Haux C., Kolle S.N., Kreiling R., Natsch A., Mehling A. (2011).
U takvim se slučajevima može primijeniti alternativni pristup (tj. pristup na temelju podataka o masi), kojim se izbjegava potreba za ispravljanjem i koji djeluje čak i kada nema kinetike prvog reda.
Thorne N., Inglese J., Auld D.S.
Ako se opaze statistički značajne razlike, konstante brzine rasta navode se odvojeno za svaku skupinu riba i/ili fazu ispitivanja.
Chemistry and Biology 17, 646-657.
Konstantu brzine utvrđenu za pojedinu tretiranu skupinu trebalo bi potom upotrijebiti za potrebe ispravljanja u odnosu na razrjeđenje zbog rasta za tu skupinu.
Dermatol., 126, 1813-1822.
Izračunana konstanta brzine rasta (kg iskazan kao dan– 1) može se oduzeti od ukupne konstante brzine izlučivanja (k2) kako bi se dobila konstanta brzine izlučivanja k2g.
Technical Working Group on Pesticides — (Quantitative) Structure Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) Guidance Document.
Temelji se na načelu upotrebe podataka o izlučivanju na osnovi mase po cijeloj ribi, a ne na osnovi koncentracije.
Imax
Koncentracije opažene u tkivima tijekom faze izlučivanja (masa ispitivane tvari/jedinična masa ribe) preračunavaju se u masu ispitivane tvari po ribi: koncentracije i pojedinačne mase riba povezuju se u obliku tablice (npr. primjenom računalne tablice) te se svaka koncentracija množi s masom cijele ribe kako bi se dobio skup podataka ‚masa ispitivane tvari/riba’ za sve uzorke faze izlučivanja.
The suggested NC chemical is calcium-containing (at a concentration of 1,0-1,8 mM), phenol red-free, HBSS (untreated, blank control).
Prirodni logaritam dobiven iz podataka o masi tvari grafički se prikazuje u odnosu na vrijeme izvođenja pokusa (faza izlučivanja), kao i inače.
Scott, L. et al.
Spacie A. and Hamelink J.L.
In Vitro 24, 1-9
Kristensen P. (1991), Bioconcentration in fish: comparison of BCF's derived from OECD and ASTM testing methods; influence of particulate matter to the bioavailability of chemicals.
Ocular corrosive (a) A chemical that causes irreversible tissue damage to the eye.
Reilly P.M., Bajramovic R., Blau G.E., Branson D.R. and Sauerhoff M.W.
EPA Categories II or III ocular irritants.
IZRAČUNAVANJE UČINKOVITOSTI ASIMILACIJE I FAKTORA BIOMAGNIFIKACIJE
To ensure that variability in the positive control response across time can be assessed, the magnitude of the positive response should not be extreme.
Cfood, srednja izmjerena koncentracija ispitivane tvari u hrani, varijabla je koja se mjeri tijekom ispitivanja.