natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Where an airport has public resources at its disposal, aid to an airline can, in principle, be excluded where the relationship between the airport and the airline satisfies the MEO test.
Uključuju podjelu rizika u pogledu putničkog prometa i svih komercijalnih i financijskih obveza po tom osnovu, standardne programe poticaja i promjene podjele rizika tijekom razdoblja valjanosti sporazuma.
Under the 2014 Aviation Guidelines, the existence of aid to an airline using a particular airport can, in principle, be excluded if the price charged for the airport services corresponds to the market price, or if it can be demonstrated through an ex ante analysis — that is to say one founded on information available when the aid is granted and on developments foreseeable at the time — that the airport/airline arrangement will lead to a positive incremental profit contribution for the airport and is part of an overall strategy leading to profitability in the long term.
Zbog toga cijena operacije prihvata i otpreme ili cijena po putniku nisu dovoljan temelj za pravu usporedbu između dvije transakcije.
The second approach means that it must be assessed whether, at the date when an agreement was concluded, a prudent market economy operator would have expected the agreement to lead to a higher profit than would have been achieved otherwise.
Uz to, usporedba s referentnom vrijednošću (eng. „benchmarking”) nije primjerena metoda za određivanje tržišnih cijena kad se raspoložive referentne vrijednosti ne temelje na tržišnim razmatranjima ili ako su postojeće cijene znatno poremećene javnim intervencijama.
That higher profit is to be measured by the difference between the incremental revenues expected to be generated by the agreement (that is, the difference between the revenues that would be achieved if the agreement were concluded and the revenues that would be achieved in the absence of the agreement) and the incremental costs expected to be incurred as a result of the contract (that is, the difference between the costs that would be incurred if the agreement were concluded and the costs that would be incurred in the absence of the agreement), the resulting cash flows being discounted with an appropriate discount rate.
Čini se da su ti poremećaji prisutni u zrakoplovnoj industriji iz razloga koji su objašnjeni u točkama od 57. do 59.
However, as regards the first approach (a comparison with the ‘market price’), the Commission does not consider that, at the present time, an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for services provided by airports.
Smjernica za zračni prijevoz iz 2014.: „Zračne luke u javnom vlasništvu javna tijela tradicionalno smatraju infrastrukturama za olakšavanje lokalnog razvoja, a ne kao poduzeća koja rade prema tržišnim uvjetima.
It therefore considers an ex ante incremental profitability analysis to be the most relevant criterion for the assessment of arrangements concluded by airports with individual airlines.
Stoga postoji tendencija da se cijene tih zračnih luka ne određuju uzimajući u obzir tržišne uvjete i, posebice, zdrave ex ante izglede za profitabilnošću, već se one uglavnom promatraju u vezi s socijalnim ili regionalnim okolnostima.
It should be noted that, in general, the application of the MEO principle based on an average price on other, similar markets may prove helpful if such a price can be reasonably identified or deduced from other market indicators.
Čak i kada su neke zračne luke u privatnom vlasništvu ili pod privatnom upravom i ne uzimaju u obzir socijalna ili regionalna pitanja, na cijene koje zaračunavaju te zračne luke snažno mogu utjecati cijene koje zaračunava većina zračnih luka s javnim subvencijama jer zračni prijevoznici uzimaju te druge cijene u obzir tijekom pregovora s privatnim ili privatno upravljanim zračnim lukama.
However, this method is not as relevant in the case of airport services, as the structure of costs and revenues tends to differ greatly from one airport to another.
U tim okolnostima Komisija snažno dvoji u to da se trenutačno može odrediti odgovarajuća referentna točka radi definiranja pravih tržišnih cijena usluga koje pružaju zračne luke.
This is because costs and revenues depend on how developed an airport is, the number of airlines which use the airport, its capacity in terms of passenger traffic, the state of the infrastructure and related investments, the regulatory framework which can vary from one Member State to another and any debts or obligations entered into by the airport in the past.
Ta se situacija u budućnosti može promijeniti ili razviti […]”.
Moreover, the liberalisation of the air transport market complicates any purely comparative analysis.
Nadalje, kako su u više navrata podsjetili sudovi Unije, uspoređivanje s referentnim vrijednostima iz predmetnog sektora samo je jedan od analitičkih alata za utvrđivanje je li korisnik dobio gospodarsku prednost koju ne bi imao u normalnim tržišnim uvjetima.
As can be seen in this case, commercial practices between airports and airlines are not always based exclusively on a published schedule of charges.
Komisija taj pristup dakle može koristiti, ali ne mora ako to ne bi bilo primjereno, kao što je slučaj u ovom predmetu.
Rather, these commercial relations vary to a great extent.
U svojoj studiji od 9. travnja 2013. (napomena društva Oxera br. 3.)
They include sharing risks with regard to passenger traffic and any related commercial and financial liability, standard incentive schemes and changing the spread of risks over the term of the agreements.
Ryanair zapravo tvrdi da se načelo subjekta u tržišnom gospodarstvu može primijeniti na temelju usporedbe s komercijalnim praksama drugih europskih zračnih luka.
Consequently, one transaction cannot really be compared with another based on a turnaround price or price per passenger.
Potrebno je najprije napomenuti da tijekom postupka ni Austrija ni ijedna zainteresirana treća strana nisu Komisiji ponudile uzorak zračnih luka koje bi služile za usporedbu koji bi se mogao upotrijebiti u ovom predmetu i koji bi bio dovoljno usporediv s KLU-om u pogledu opsega prometa, vrste prometa, vrste i razine zrakoplovnih usluga koje se pružaju, blizine zračne luke velikom gradu, broja stanovnika u prihvatnom području, prosperiteta okolnog područja i različitih geografskih područja iz kojih bi se mogli privući putnici.
In addition, benchmarking is not an appropriate method to establish market prices if the available benchmarks have not been defined with regard to market considerations or the existing prices are significantly distorted by public interventions.
Studija društva Oxera od 4. srpnja 2011. ograničena je na usporedbu naknada koje Ryanair plaća u zračnim lukama […] i […] i naknada koje plaća na temelju sporazuma o uslugama zračne luke s KLU-om.
Such distortions appear to be present in the aviation industry, for reasons explained in points 57 to 59 of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines:
U studiji nije procijenjeno ispunjava li uzorak referentnih zračnih luka sve kriterije navedene u Smjernicama za zračni prijevoz iz 2014., nego su procijenjeni samo opseg prometa, vrsta prometa i prosperitet okolnog područja.
‘Publicly owned airports have traditionally been considered by public authorities as infrastructures for facilitating local development and not as undertakings operating in accordance with market rules.
Čak i da je uzorak zračnih luka za usporedbu bio dostupan, komparativna bi metoda u ovom slučaju bila potpuno neprovediva.
Those airports' prices consequently tend not to be determined with regard to market considerations and in particular sound ex ante profitability prospects, but essentially having regard to social or regional considerations.
Kako je prethodno prikazano, programom poticaja koji treba analizirati zračnim se prijevoznicima nude različiti popusti za pružanje vrlo specifičnih usluga zračnog prijevoza (za nova odredišta, za povećanje intenziteta postojećih linija te za učestalije i pouzdanije postojeće zračne veze).
Even if some airports are privately owned or managed without social or regional considerations, the prices charged by those airports can be strongly influenced by the prices charged by the majority of publicly subsidised airports as the latter prices are taken into account by airlines during their negotiations with the privately owned or managed airports.
Nadalje, u pogledu sporazuma o marketingu između KFBG-a i zračnih prijevoznika moraju se analizirati složeni paketi.
In those circumstances, the Commission has strong doubts that at the present time, an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for services provided by airports.
Paketi se sastoje od sporazuma o uslugama zračne luke i sporazuma o marketinškim uslugama (koji su katkad u jednom pravnom aktu).
Moreover, as the Union courts have recalled, benchmarking by reference to the sector concerned is merely one analytical tool amongst others to determine if a beneficiary has received an economic advantage which it would not have obtained in normal market conditions.
Iz svake od tih transakcija tako proizlazi složen skup financijskih tokova između upravitelja zračne luke i zračnog prijevoznika te njegovih društava kćeri, koji se sastoje od prihoda od naknada zračne luke, prihoda povezanih sa zemaljskim uslugama i prihoda povezanih s marketinškim uslugama.
As such, while the Commission may use that approach, it is not obliged to do so where, as in the present case, it would be inappropriate to do so.
Tako usporedba samih naknada zračne luke koje je KFBG obračunavao predmetnim zračnim prijevoznicima s naknadama zračne luke koje se obračunavaju u drugim zračnim lukama koje služe za usporedbu ne bi bila nikakav koristan pokazatelj poštovanja načela subjekta u tržišnom gospodarstvu.
In its study of 9 April 2013 (Oxera note 3), Ryanair essentially argues that the MEO test can be applied based on a comparison with the commercial arrangements of other European airports.
Da bi se moglo na primjeren način usporediti transakcije koje su predmet ove procjene trebalo bi u zračnim lukama iz uzorka za usporedbu naći barem nekoliko usporedivih transakcija, koje bi morale uključivati ekvivalentne marketinške usluge i ekvivalentne zemaljske usluge.
It should firstly be noted that, during the procedure, neither Austria nor any interested third party has suggested to the Commission a sample of comparison airports that may be used in this case and that are sufficiently comparable to KLU in terms of traffic volume, type of traffic, type and level of airport services provided, proximity of the airport to a large city, number of inhabitants in the catchment area, prosperity of the surrounding area, and different geographical areas from which passengers could be attracted.
Transakcije koje su predmet ove procjene toliko su složene i specifične da bi se utvrđivanje takvog uzorka sličnih transakcija pokazalo nemogućim, tim više što cijene zemaljskih usluga i marketinških usluga obično nisu objavljene te bi ih bilo teško dobiti za potrebe ove usporedbe.
The Oxera study of 4 July 2011 was limited to a comparison between charges paid by Ryanair at […] and […] airports, and the charges paid by Ryanair under the airport services agreements at KLU.
Naposljetku, kad bi se, na temelju primjenjive komparativne analize, moglo utvrditi da su „cijene” iz različitih transakcija koje su predmet ove istrage bile ekvivalentne ili više od „tržišnih cijena” utvrđenih na temelju uzorka transakcija koje služe za usporedbu, Komisija iz toga svejedno ne bi mogla zaključiti da su te transakcije u skladu s tržišnom cijenom, ako bi se pokazalo da je u trenutku njihova zaključivanja upravitelj zračne luke mogao očekivati da će iz tih cijena nastati dodatni troškovi veći od dodatnih prihoda.
The study did not assess whether the sample of benchmark airports fulfilled all the criteria spelled out in the 2014 Aviation guidelines, as it only assessed traffic volumes, type of airport traffic and prosperity of the surrounding area.
Naime, subjekt u tržišnom gospodarstvu nema nikakav interes ponuditi robu ili usluge po „tržišnoj cijeni” ako to rezultirati dodatnim gubicima.
Even if a sample of comparison airports had been available, a comparative method would have been totally unworkable in this case.
Komisija u kontekstu ove analize smatra prikladnim podsjetiti da su nakon donošenja Smjernica iz 2014. i Austrija i zainteresirane strane bile pozvane iznijeti primjedbe na primjenu tih smjernica na ovaj predmet (vidjeti uvodnu izjavu 8.).
As showed above, the incentive scheme to be analysed offers different discounts for airlines for providing very specific air transport services (for new flight destinations, for intensified existing flight connections and for more frequent and more reliable existing flight connections).
Ni Austrija ni zainteresirane strane tada nisu u suštini osporile pristup Komisije prema kojem, ako nije moguće utvrditi primjerenu referentnu vrijednost koja omogućuje određivanje istinske tržišne cijene usluga koje zračne luke pružaju zračnim prijevoznicima, najrelevantniji kriterij za procjenu sporazuma koje te dvije strane zaključuju jest ex ante analiza dodatne profitabilnosti.
Moreover, regarding the marketing agreements between KFBG and the airlines, complex packages have to be analysed.
S obzirom na prethodno navedeno, Komisija smatra da se na ovaj slučaj mora primijeniti pristup koji se općenito preporučuje u Smjernicama iz 2014. za primjenu testa subjekta u tržišnom gospodarstvu na odnose između zračnih luka i zračnih prijevoznika, tj. mora se primijeniti ex ante analiza dodatne profitabilnosti.
The packages consist of an airport services agreement and a marketing services agreement (sometimes combined within the same legal medium).
Ovaj je pristup opravdan činjenicom da upravitelj zračne luke može imati objektivan interes zaključiti transakciju sa zračnim prijevoznikom ako može razumno očekivati da će taj posao povećati njegovu dobit (ili smanjiti njegove gubitke) u usporedbi sa scenarijem suprotnog činjeničnog stanja u kojem takva transakcija ne bi bila zaključena, i to bez obzira na bilo kakvu usporedbu s uvjetima koje drugi upravitelji zračnih luka nude zračnim prijevoznicima ili usporedbi s uvjetima koje isti upravitelj nudi drugim zračnim prijevoznicima.
These transactions involve several ‘prices’, namely the various airport charges, price of the ground handling services and price of the marketing services, some of which depend on the number of passengers and others on the number of aircraft movements, with others involving fixed amounts.
Osim prethodno navedenog, infrastruktura zračne luke mora biti otvorena svim zračnim prijevoznicima, a ne namijenjena određenom zračnom prijevozniku, kako bi se isključila mogućnost da se prednost koja je rezultat potpore upravitelju zračne luke spojive s unutarnjim tržištem ne prenesi jednako na sve zračne prijevoznike.
Each of these transactions therefore leads to a complex set of financial flows between the airport operator and the airline and its subsidiaries, consisting of the revenue from the airport charges, revenue linked to the ground handling services and revenue linked to the marketing services.
Komisija u tom kontekstu primjećuje i da je diferenciranje cijena standardna poslovna praksa.
Accordingly, a comparison between just the airport charges invoiced by the KFBG to the airlines concerned and the airport charges invoiced at the comparison airports would not provide any useful indication as to whether the MEO test was satisfied.
Takve politike diferenciranih cijena trebale bi, međutim, biti komercijalno opravdane.
At the very least, in order to validly compare the transactions covered by this assessment, it would be necessary to identify, for the airports in the comparison sample, a set of comparable transactions, which must particularly include equivalent marketing services and equivalent ground handling services.
Program poticaja iz 2005. uveden je radi povećanja konkurentnosti KLU-a.
Identifying such a sample of comparable transactions would prove impossible, given that the transactions covered by this assessment are so complex and specific, and all the more so as the prices of ground handling services and marketing services are rarely made public and would be difficult to obtain in order to form a basis for comparison.
Pripremajući program poticaja iz 2005., upravitelj KLU-a analizirao je broj putnika, kretanja u zračnoj luci i financijske rezultate prethodnih godina.
Lastly, assuming that it could be established, based on a valid comparative analysis, that the ‘prices’ applied in the various transactions covered by this assessment were equivalent to or higher than the ‘market prices’ established using the sample of comparison transactions, the Commission could not, however, conclude that those transactions corresponded to the market price if it proved that, on their conclusion, the airport operator may have expected them to lead to incremental costs higher than the incremental revenues.
Prema Austriji, tržišna usporedba provedena u to vrijeme pokazala je da je KLU, zbog njegovih visokih prosječnih fiksnih troškova, posebno skupa zračna luka u Austriji.
An MEO would not in fact be interested in offering goods or services at the ‘market price’ if this led to an incremental loss.
Komisija primjećuje da je AUA od 1. listopada 2003. jednostrano smanjio svoje isplate za pristojbe za prihvat i otpremu na KLU-u.
The Commission considers it appropriate to reiterate in the context of this analysis that, following the adoption of the 2014 Guidelines, both Austria and the interested parties were invited to submit comments on the application of those guidelines to the present case (see recital 8).
Svi ti čimbenici zajedno doveli su do toga da KLU ponovno razmotri svoju politiku određivanja cijena i da uvede program poticaja iz 2005.
In the light of all the above, the Commission considers that the approach generally recommended in the 2014 Guidelines for applying the MEO test to relationships between airports and airlines, namely the ex ante incremental profitability analysis, must be applied to the present case.
Pri ocjeni te ex ante studije o profitabilnosti Komisija primjećuje da je KFBG pripremio sveobuhvatnu studiju na osnovi svojeg računovodstvenog sustava utemeljenog na cjelokupnim troškovima.
This approach is justified by the fact that an airport operator may have an objective interest in concluding a transaction with an airline where it may reasonably expect this transaction to improve its profits (or reduce its losses) compared to a counterfactual situation in which this transaction is not concluded, regardless of any comparison with the conditions offered to airlines by other airport operators, or even with the conditions offered by the same airport operator to other airlines.
Ta ex ante analiza troškova i koristi sadržava detaljnu formulu za izračun cjelokupnih troškova KFBG-a.
In addition to the above considerations, the airport infrastructure must be open to all airlines and not dedicated to a specific airline in order to exclude that the advantage resulting from compatible aid to the airport operator is not passed on to a specific airline.
Troškovi su podijeljeni na različite troškovne čimbenike kojima su obuhvaćeni svi troškovi koji nastaju pri upravljanju zračnom lukom (pristojba za slijetanje, infrastrukturna pristojba na tlu i u zraku, pristojba za putnike, pristojba za upravljanje prometom, pristojba za rukovanje na stajanci).
The Commission also notes in this context that price differentiation is a standard business practice.
Studija profitabilnosti sadržava i detaljno objašnjenje toga kako je izračunan troškovni čimbenik od […] EUR za troškove koji ovise o broju letova (tj.
Such differentiated pricing policies should, however, be commercially justified.
MTOW-u), i onaj od […] EUR koji ovisi o broju putnika, na temelju sustava za izračun troškova koji je u to vrijeme bio na snazi u KFBG-u.
The 2005 incentive scheme was introduced to enhance the competitiveness of KLU.
Budući da je 51 % upravljanja prometom dodijeljeno podizvođaču Tyrolean Airways, ti su troškovi u izračunu troškova prikazani kao troškovi usluga treće strane.
When drawing up the 2005 incentive scheme, the operator of KLU analysed passenger numbers, airport movements as well as the financial results of the previous years.
Kamatna stopa kapitalizacije od 8 %, kako je naveo KFBG, izračunata je u skladu s metodom ponderiranog prosječnog troška kapitala i odgovara stopi koju je 2002. objavila zračna luka u Beču.
According to Austria, a market comparison undertaken at that time showed that KLU due to its high average fixed costs was a particularly expensive airport in Austria.
KFBG je kao prihod od nezrakoplovnih usluga naveo čimbenike prihoda kao što su trgovine u zračnoj luci, parkiranje u zračnoj luci, skladištenje tereta te prihod od ugovora o najmu i ugovora o zakupu.
The Commission observes that since 1 October 2003 AUA had unilaterally reduced its payments for the turnaround fees due at KLU.
Prosječni prihod iz tih izvora umanjen za troškove od njih, izmjeren na osnovi podataka prikupljenih prethodnih godina rezultirao je prosječnim prihodom od nezrakoplovnih usluga od […] EUR po putniku.
Although on 20 October 2005 KFBG and AUA signed a settlement agreement concerning the payment of turnaround feed during the period of 1 October 2003 until 20 October 2005, KFBG had to face considerable shortfalls regarding the payments of airport charges from October 2003 to October 2005.
Kada se taj iznos zaokruži, KFBG je naveo prihod od nezrakoplovnih usluga od […] EUR po putniku.
In addition, all 2002 agreements between KFBG, DMG, Ryanair, LV and AMS ended suddenly in October 2005, when Ryanair stopped to operate the passenger air services between KLU and STN due to economic reasons.
Sve te temeljne pretpostavke čine se razumnima.
All these factors together led KLU to reconsider its pricing policy and to introduce the 2005 incentive scheme.
Točnije, utemeljene su na opažanjima troškova i prihoda, a u slučaju podataka o troškovima na složenom sustavu mjerenja troškova.
According to the information submitted by Austria, a detailed ex ante profitability study was prepared by the executive board of KFBG and authorised by the supervisory board of KFBG.
Te utvrđene vrijednosti za troškove i prihode KFBG-a kasnije su se upotrebljavale u analizi troškova i koristi u različitim modelima izračuna.
When assessing this ex ante profitability study, the Commission observes that KFBG prepared a comprehensive study on the basis of its full cost basis accounting system.
Ti su modeli predstavljali različite predviđene linije iz KLU-a i do njega s različitim zračnim prijevoznicima i pod pretpostavkom različitih stupnjeva iskorištenosti kapaciteta.
This ex ante cost-benefit analysis contains a detailed formula for the calculation of the full costs of KFBG.
Odabrane linije odgovaraju linijama za koje su obično zainteresirane male regionalne zračne luke kao što je Klagenfurt.
The costs are split into different cost factors that cover all costs incurred when operating the airport (landing tariff, infrastructure landing tariff, infrastructure air tariff, passenger tariff, traffic handling fee, ramp handling fee).
Te su analize u skladu s metodom dodatnih troškova utvrđenom u Smjernicama za zračni prijevoz jer se njima mjeri može li se očekivati da će prihodi koji se očekuju od dodatnog prometa u okviru svakog modela pokriti odgovarajuće dodatne troškove i donijeti razumnu dobit.
The profitability study also contains a detailed explanation on how the cost factor of EUR […] for the costs depending on the number of flights, i.e. MTOW, and of EUR […] depending on the number of passengers were calculated, based on the cost calculation system of KFBG in force at the time.
Na zahtjev Komisije Austrija je dostavila dodatne modele kako bi bili obuhvaćeni svi uobičajeni scenariji i linije za koje je KFBG 2005. mogao biti zainteresiran.
As 51 % of the traffic handling was subcontracted to Tyrolean Airways, these costs were indicated in the cost calculation as costs of services of a third party.
Komisija napominje da je osobito nakon odlaska Ryanaira u listopadu 2005.