natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It should be noted that some fish species naturally lack a fully developed pair of gonads and only one gonad may be present (e.g. Japanese medaka and occasionally zebrafish).
Potrebno je navesti da određene riblje vrste prirodno nemaju potpuno razvijeni par spolnih žlijezda i da može biti prisutna samo jedna spolna žlijezda (to je npr. slučaj u medake i povremeno u zebrice).
All such observations should be recorded.
Sva takva opažanja potrebno je zabilježiti.
Genetic sex determination in individual Japanese medaka is based on the presence or absence of the medaka male-sex determining gene, DMY, which is located on the Y chromosome.
Određivanje genetskog spola u pojedinačnih medaki temelji se na prisutnosti ili odsutnosti gena kojim se određuje muški spol medake, DMY, a smješten je na kromosomu Y.
The genotypic sex of medaka can be identified by sequencing the DMY gene from DNA extracted from for instance a piece of anal fin or dorsal fin.
Genotipski spol medake može se odrediti sekvenciranjem gena DMY iz DNK-a ekstrahiranog iz, na primjer, komada analne peraje ili prsne peraje.
The presence of DMY indicates a XY (male) individual regardless of phenotype, while the absence of DMY indicates a XX (female) individual regardless of phenotype (23).
Prisutnost gena DMY ukazuje na jedinku XY (mužjaka) bez obzira na fenotip, dok njegova odsutnost ukazuje na jedinku XX (ženku) bez obzira na fenotip (23).
Guidance for tissue preparation and PCR method is given in Appendix 9.
Smjernica za pripremu tkiva i metodu PCR-a navedena je u Dodatku 9.
The genetic sex determination in individual three-spined stickleback is also performed via a PCR method, described in Appendix 10.
U pojedinačnih se koljuški spol isto tako određuje metodom PCR-a kako je opisano u Dodatku 10.
The occurrence of intersex (for definition, see Appendix 1) should be reported.
Pojavu međuspola (definiciju vidi u Dodatku 1.) potrebno je navesti u izvješću.
Secondary sexual characteristics
Sekundarna spolna obilježja
Secondary sexual characteristics are under endocrine control in species like the Japanese medaka;
U vrsta kao što je medaka sekundarna spolna obilježja pod kontrolom su endokrinog sustava;
therefore observations of physical appearance of the fish should if possible be made at the end of the exposure.
stoga je opažanja povezana s fizičkim izgledom riba potrebno po mogućnosti provesti nakon završetka izlaganja.
In the Japanese medaka, the papillary formation on the posterior part of the anal fin in females is androgen sensitive.
U ženki medake papilarna formacija na stražnjem dijelu analne peraje osjetljiva je na androgen.
Chapter C.37 of this Annex (38) provides relevant photographs of male secondary sex characteristics and androgenised females.
U poglavlju C.37. ovog Priloga (38) nalaze se relevantne fotografije sekundarnih spolnih obilježja mužjaka i androgeniziranih ženki.
It is important that the strongest valid statistical test determine the endpoint.
Važno je da se krajnji učinak odredi najjačim valjanim statističkim ispitivanjem.
The replicate is the experimental unit but intra-replicate variability should be included in the statistical testing.
Ponavljanje je pokusna jedinica, ali u statističko ispitivanje potrebno je uključiti i varijabilnost unutar ponavljanja.
A decision flow-chart is available in Appendix 8 to help with the most appropriate statistical test to use based on the characteristic of the data obtained from the test.
Dodatak 8. sadržava dijagram toka odlučivanja kao pomoć pri odabiru najprikladnijeg statističkog ispitivanja na temelju svojstava podataka dobivenih ispitivanjem.
Statistical significance level is 0,05 for all endpoints included.
Razina statističke značajnosti iznosi 0,05 za sve uključene krajnje učinke.
Proportions of sex and genetic sex
Udjeli spolova i genetski spol
The proportions of sex should be analysed for significant effect (NOEC/LOEC approach) of exposure by Jonckheere-Terpstra (Trend test) if a monotone dose-response exists.
Udjele spolova trebalo bi analizirati u pogledu značajnog učinka (pristup NOEC/LOEC (najniža koncentracija s vidljivim učinkom)) izlaganja Jonckheere-Terpstrovim testom (testom trendova) ako postoji monotonična reakcija na dozu.
If non-monotonicity is found then a pair wise test should be applied:
Ako se utvrdi nepostojanje monotoničnosti, potrebno je primijeniti test parova.
Use Dunnett's test if normality and homogenous variance can be obtained.
Dunnettov test upotrebljava se ako se mogu postići normalnost i homogena varijanca.
Use Tamhane-Dunnett if heterogeneous variance is present.
Tamhane-Dunnettov test upotrebljava se ako je prisutna heterogena varijanca.
Otherwise use exact Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni-Holm adjustment.
U protivnom, upotrebljava se Mann-Whitneyev test s prilagodbom Bonferroni-Holm.
A flow chart describing the statistics of the proportions of sex is placed in Appendix 8.
Dijagram toka kojim su opisani statistički podaci o udjelima spolova prikazan je u Dodatku 8.
The proportions of sex should be presented in tables as concentration proportions ± SD of males, females, intersex and undifferentiated.
Udjele spolova potrebno je u tablicama prikazati kao udjele koncentracija ± standardno odstupanje ženki, mužjaka, međuspolova i nediferenciranih.
Statistical significance should be highlighted.
Potrebno je istaknuti statističku značajnost.
Examples are presented in the FSDT Phase 2 validation report (42).
Primjeri su prikazani u izvješću o validaciji druge faze ispitivanja spolnog razvoja riba (42).
Genetic sex should be reported as percentage of phenotypic sex reversal of males, females, intersex and undifferentiated.
Genetski spol potrebno je navesti kao postotak promjene fenotipskog spola mužjaka, ženki, međuspolova i nediferenciranih.
VTG concentrations
Koncentracije VTG-a
VTG concentrations should be analysed for significant effect (NOEC/LOEC approach) of exposure.
Koncentracije VTG-a potrebno je analizirati s obzirom na značajan učinak (pristup NOEC/LOEC) izlaganja.
The Dunnett test is preferable to the t-test with Bonferroni correction.
Prednost se daje Dunnettovom testu u odnosu na t-test s Bonferronijevom korekcijom.
Where a Bonferroni correction is used, the Bonferroni-Holm correction is preferable.
Ako se upotrebljava Bonferronijeva korekcija, prednost se daje Bonferroni-Holmovoj korekciji.
Allowance should be made for log-transformation of VTG to achieve normality and variance homogeneity.
Potrebno je predvidjeti logaritamsku transformaciju VTG-a za postizanje normalnosti i homogenosti varijance.
Next, if the concentration-response is consistent with monotonicity, then the JonckheereTerpstra test is preferable to any of the above.
Nadalje, ako je reakcija na koncentraciju u skladu s monotoničnošću, prednost se daje Jonckheere-Terpstrovu testu u odnosu na sve prethodno navedene.
If t-tests or Dunnett's test is used, there is no need for a ANOVA significance F-test in order to proceed.
Ako se upotrebljavaju t-testovi ili Dunnettov test, nema potrebe za značajnim F-testom analize varijance (ANOVA) kako bi se nastavilo dalje.
For details see the flow chart in Appendix 8.
Pojedinosti su prikazane u dijagramu toka u Dodatku 8.
Results should be reported in tables as concentration means ± SD for males, females, intersex and undifferentiated separately.
Rezultati u tablicama navode se kao srednje vrijednosti koncentracija ± standardno odstupanje posebno za mužjake, ženke, međuspol i nediferencirane.
Statistical significance for phenotypic females and phenotypic males should be highlighted.
Potrebno je istaknuti statističku značajnost za fenotipske ženke i fenotipske mužjake.
Test chemical actual concentrations
Stvarne koncentracije ispitivane kemikalije
The actual chamber concentrations of the test chemical should be analysed in frequencies described in paragraph 34.
Stvarne koncentracije ispitivane kemikalije u posudama potrebno je analizirati učestalošću opisanom u stavku 34.
Results should be reported in tables as mean concentration ± SD on replicate basis as well as on concentration basis with information on number of samples and with outliers from the mean treatment concentration ± 20 % highlighted.
Rezultati u tablicama navode se kao srednje vrijednosti koncentracija ± standardno odstupanje na temelju ponavljanja te na temelju koncentracije, pri čemu se ističu informacije o broju uzoraka i netipične vrijednosti iz srednje koncentracije obrade ± 20 %.
Examples can be found in the FSDT Phase 2 validation report (42).
Primjeri se mogu pronaći u izvješću o validaciji druge faze ispitivanja spolnog razvoja riba (42).
The test results should be interpreted with caution where measured test chemical concentrations in test solutions occur at levels near the detection limit of the analytical method.
Rezultate je potrebno tumačiti s oprezom ako se izmjerene koncentracije ispitivane kemikalije u ispitnim otopinama nalaze u blizini granice detekcije analitičke metode.
The nominal test concentrations, the means of the measured values and their standard deviations in the test chambers and the method by which these were attained (the analytical method used should be presented in an Annex);Evidence that the measurements refer to the concentrations of the test chemical in true solution;
nazivne ispitne koncentracije, srednje izmjerene vrijednosti i njihova standardna odstupanja u ispitnim posudama i metodu kojom su dobivene (upotrijebljena analitička metoda trebala bi biti prikazana u Prilogu), dokaze da se mjerenja odnose na koncentracije ispitivane kemikalije u pravoj otopini,
Water quality within test chambers:
kakvoću vode u ispitnim posudama:
Detailed information on feeding (e.g. type of food(s), source, amount given and frequency and analyses for contaminants (e.g. PCBs, PAHs and organochlorine pesticides) if relevant.
detaljne informacije o hranjenju (npr. vrstu (vrste) hrane, izvor, količinu dane hrane i učestalost hranjenja te po potrebi analize provedene radi utvrđivanja kontaminirajućih tvari (npr. polikloriranih bifenila (PCB), policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika (PAH) i organofosfornih pesticida),
Evidence that controls met the validity criteria:
dokaze o usklađenosti kontrola s validacijskim kriterijima:
data on hatching rate should be presented in tables as percentage per replicate and per concentration.
podatke o stopi valjenja u tablicama potrebno je navesti kao postotak po ponavljanju i po koncentraciji.
Outliers from the validity criteria (in controls) should be highlighted;
Preživljavanje je potrebno prikazati kao postotak po ponavljanju i po koncentraciji.
The results should be presented as mean values ± standard deviation (SD) or standard error (SE).
Rezultate je potrebno prikazati kao srednje vrijednosti ± standardno odstupanje ili standardna pogreška.
Statistics should be reported as a minimum as NOEC and LOEC and confidence intervals.
Statistički podaci navode se najmanje kao NOEC i LOEC te intervali pouzdanosti.
The statistical flow chart (Appendix 8) should be followed.
Potrebno je slijediti statistički dijagram toka (Dodatak 8.).
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Sumpter, J. P., i S. Jobling, 1995., ‚Vitellogenesis As A Biomarker for Estrogenic Contamination of the Aquatic Environment’, Environmental Health Perspectives 103, str. 173. – 178.
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Andersen, L., P. Bjerregaard i B. Korsgaard (2003.), ‚Vitellogenin induction and brain aromatase activity in adult male and female zebrafish exposed to endocrine disrupters’, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 28, str. 319. – 321.
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Chapter C.14 of this Annex, Fish Juvenile Growth Test.
Poglavlje C.14. ovog Priloga, Test rasta juvenilnih riba.
Chapter C.4 of this Annex, Ready Biodegradability.
Poglavlje C.4. ovog Priloga, Određivanje ‚lake’ biorazgradivosti.
Chapter C.37 of this Annex, 21-Day Fish Assay:
Poglavlje C.37. ovog Priloga, 21-dnevni test na ribama:
A Short Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition.
Kratkoročni test probira na estrogensku i androgensku aktivnost i inhibiciju aromataze.
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Abbreviations and definitions
Pokrate i definicije
Apical endpoint
Apikalni krajnji učinak
Causing effect at population level
izaziva učinak na razini populacije.
Air saturation value
vrijednost zasićenosti kisikom.
Causing effect at individual level
izaziva učinak na razini jedinke.
A substance or a mixture.
tvar ili smjesa.
Days post hatch
dana poslije valjenja.
Y-specific DM-domain gene required for male development in the medaka fish
gen iz DM-domene specifičan za kromosom Y i potreban za razvoj mužjaka medake.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
enzimski imunosorbentni test.
Fish weight
Masa ribe
Fish wet weight (blotted dry)
mokra masa ribe (osušene upijajućim materijalom).
Fish Sexual Development Test
ispitivanje spolnog razvoja riba.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
os hipotalamus-hipofiza-gonade.
Intersex fish
Međuspolna riba
Fish with more than one oocyte in testis per 6 sections analysed or spermatogenetic cells in ovaries (yes/no)
riba s više od jedne jajne stanice u testisu u šest analiziranih sekcija ili sa spermatogenim stanicama u jajnicima (da/ne).
Wet weight of fish per volume of water
mokra masa riba u odnosu na određenu količinu vode.
Mode of action
način djelovanja.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain-Reaction
lančana reakcija polimeraze u reverznoj transkriptazi.
Undifferentiated fish
Nediferencirana riba
Fish with gonads exhibiting no discernible germ cells.
riba sa spolnim žlijezdama bez raspoznatljivih zametnih stanica.
Vitellogenin
vitelogenin.
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Preporučene vrste
Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterostreus aculeatus)
Zebrica (Danio rerio)
Flow-through or semi-static
Protočno ili polustatično
Fluorescent bulbs (wide spectrum
27 ± 2 °C
Light intensity
20 ± 2 °C
10-20 μE/m2/s, 540-1080 lux, or 50-100 ft-c (ambient laboratory levels)
10 – 20 μE/m2/s, 540 – 1080 luksa ili 50 – 100 ft-c (razine u laboratorijskim uvjetima)
12-16 h light, 8-12 h dark
12 – 16 h svjetlo, 8 – 12 h tama
Minimum chamber size
Minimalna veličina posude
Individual chambers should contain a minimum of 7 l water volume
Pojedinačne posude trebale bi sadržavati minimalno 7 l volumena vode
Age of test organisms at start of exposure
Starost ispitnih organizama na početku izlaganja
Newly fertilised eggs (Early blastula stage)
Svježe oplođena jajašca (stadij rane blastule)
Newly fertilised eggs
Svježe oplođena jajašca
No. of eggs per treatment
Broj jajašaca po obradi
Minimum 120
Minimalno 120
Minimum 3 (plus appropriate controls)
Minimalno tri (plus prikladne kontrole)
No. replicates per treatment
Broj ponavljanja po obradi
Minimum 4 (unless square root allocation to controls)
Minimalno četiri (osim raspodjele po metodi drugog korijena za kontrole)
Live Artemia, frozen adult brine shrimp, flake food, etc. It is recommended to feed twice daily
Živa Artemia, smrznuti odrasli slani škampi, pahuljasta hrana itd. Preporučuje se hranjenje dvaput dnevno.
Special fry food, live Artemia, frozen adult brine shrimp, flake food, etc. It is recommended to feed twice daily
Posebna suha hrana, živa Artemia, smrznuti odrasli slani škampi, pahuljasta hrana itd. Preporučuje se hranjenje dvaput dnevno.
None unless DO concentration falls below 60 % saturation
Bez dozračivanja, osim ako koncentracija otopljenog kisika padne na manje od 60 % zasićenosti
None unless DO concentration falls below 70 % saturation
Bez dozračivanja, osim ako koncentracija otopljenog kisika padne na manje od 70 % zasićenosti
Clean surface, well or reconstituted water
Čista površina, izvorska ili obrađena voda
Test chemical exposure duration
Trajanje izlaganja ispitivanoj kemikaliji
Hatching success, Survival Gross- morphology, VTG gonadal histology, Genetic sex, Sex ratio
Uspješnost valjenja, preživljavanje, makromorfologija, VTG, histološka analiza spolnih žlijezda, genetski spol, omjer spolova
Hatching success, Survival Gross- morphology, VTG gonadal histology, Sex ratio
Uspješnost valjenja, preživljavanje, makromorfologija, VTG, histološka analiza spolnih žlijezda, omjer spolova
Test acceptability criteria for pooled replicates of controls
Kriteriji prihvatljivosti ispitivanja za udružena ponavljanja kontrola
Hatching success > 80 %
Uspješnost valjenja > 80 %
Post hatch survival ≥ 70 %
Preživljavanje nakon valjenja ≥ 70 %
growth (Fish wet weight, blotted dry) > 150 mg
Rast (mokra masa ribe osušene upijajućim materijalom) > 150 mg
growth (Fish wet weight, blotted dry) > 75 mg
Rast (mokra masa ribe osušene upijajućim materijalom) > 75 mg
Length (standard length) > 20 mm
Dužina (standardna dužina) > 20 mm Dužina (standardna dužina) > 14 mm
Sex ratio (% males or females) 30 %-70 %
Omjer spolova (% mužjaka ili ženki) 30 % – 70 %
Chemical characteristics of an acceptable dilution water
Kemijska svojstva prihvatljive vode za razrjeđivanje
CONCENTRATION
KONCENTRACIJA
Particular matter
Čestice
From test method C.14/Guidance on test concentrations
Iz ispitne metode c.14. / smjernica za ispitne koncentracije
Column (Number of concentrations between 100 and 10, or between 10 and 1) [1]
Stupac (broj koncentracija između 100 i 10 ili između 10 i 1) [1]
A series of three (or more) successive concentrations may be chosen from a column.
Iz stupca može se odabrati niz od triju uzastopnih koncentracija (ili više njih).