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Simple techniques for rearing Collembola, Symphyla and other small soil inhabiting arthropods.
Simple techniques for rearing Collembola, Symphyla and other small soil inhabiting arthropods.
dayi
dani
location and description of sediment sampling site, including, if possible, contamination history; sediment characteristics:
lokacija i opis mjesta uzorkovanja sedimenta, uključujući, po mogućnosti, povijest onečišćenja, svojstva sedimenta:
EC 3738. August 1994.
EC 3738. kolovoz 1994.
, Dose-response functions in aquatic toxicity testing and the Weibull model, Water Res., 18:
, Dose-response functions in aquatic toxicity testing and the Weibull model, Water Res., 18: 213.
> 150 mg
> 150 mg
> 120 mg
> 120 mg
Test procedure used (e.g. flow-through semi-static/renewal); test design including test concentrations, method of preparation of stock solutions (in an Annex), frequency of renewal (the solubilising agent and its concentration should be given, when used);
primijenjeni postupak ispitivanja (npr. protočni polustatični / obnavljanje), plan ispitivanja uključujući ispitne koncentracije, način pripreme radnih otopina (u Prilogu), učestalost obnavljanja (ako se primjenjuju, potrebno je navesti otapajuće sredstvo i njegovu koncentraciju),
length and weight; VTG measurements (ng/g homogenate, ng/ml plasma or ng/mg liver);
jasno navođenje rezultata dobivenih u vezi s različitim opaženim krajnjim učincima:
gonadal histology, sex ratio, genetic sex data; incidence of any unusual reactions by the fish and any visible effects produced by the test chemical.
preživljavanje embrija i uspješnost valjenja, vanjske nepravilnosti, dužinu i masu, mjerenja VTG-a (ng/g homogenata, ng/ml plazme ili ng/mg jetre), histološku analizu spolnih žlijezda, omjer spolova, podatke o genetičkom spolu, učestalost svih neuobičajenih reakcija u riba i sve vidljive učinke nastale kao posljedica ispitivane kemikalije.
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Jobling, S., D. Sheahan, J. A. Osborne, P. Matthiessen i J. P. Sumpter, 1996., ‚Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals’, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15, str. 194.
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Holbech, H., L. Andersen, G. I. Petersen, B. Korsgaard, K. L. Pedersen i P. Bjerregaard (2001.a), ‚Development of an ELISA for vitellogenin in whole body homogenate of zebrafish (Danio rerio)’, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology & Pharmacology 130, str. 119.
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Orn, S., H. Holbech, T. H. Madsen, L. Norrgren i G. I. Petersen (2003.), ‚Gonad development and vitellogenin production in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to ethinylestradiol and methyltestosterone’, Aquatic Toxicology 65, str. 397.
Step-down trend test on replicate means
Ugniježđena ANOVA nije normalna
30,75 μl
30,75 μl
location and description of the sampling site; pollutional and nutrient status (colony count, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate if appropriate);
lokaciju i opis mjesta uzorkovanja, stanje onečišćenja i nutrijenata (broj kolonija, nitrat, amonijak, fosfat po potrebi),
Final Report of the ring test programme 1984-1985, March 1987, Commission of the European Communities.
Final Report of the ring test programme 1984-1985, ožujak 1987., Komisija Europskih zajednica.
Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 8245, January 16, 1986.
Nacrt međunarodne norme ISO/DIS 8245, 16. siječnja 1986.
Normally end the test after an incubation period of 60 days unless the biodegradation curve obtained from the pressure measurements has reached the plateau phase before then; that is the phase in which the maximal degradation has been reached and the biodegradation curve has levelled out.
Uobičajeno ispitivanje završite nakon razdoblja inkubacije od 60 dana, osim ako je krivulja biorazgradnje koja je dobivena iz mjerenja tlaka prije toga dosegla fazu platoa;
(Also published as ECETOC Technical Report No. 28, June 1988).
(Objavljeno i kao dokument ECETOC Technical Report No. 28, lipanj 1988.).
General method for determining anaerobic biodegradation potential.
General method for determining anaerobic biodegradation potential.
Anaerobic biodegradation of eleven aromatic compounds to methane.
Anaerobic biodegradation of eleven aromatic compounds to methane.
Working document.
Radni dokument.
Chemicals used include: organic solvents, analytical grade, such as acetone, methanol, etc.; scintillation liquid;
Upotrijebljene kemikalije uključuju:
Mückenhausen, E. (1975).
Mückenhausen, E. (1975.).
Scheffer, F. and Schachtschabel, P. (1998).
Scheffer, F. and Schachtschabel, P. (1998.).
Shackelford, C. D. (1991).
Shackelford, C. D. (1991.).
Inherent Biodegradability in Soil (adopted 12 May 1981).
svojstvena biorazgradivost u tlu (donesena 12. svibnja 1981.).
Drescher, N. (1985).
Drescher, N. (1985.).
Wood preservatives.
Sredstva za zaštitu drva.
Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological testing.
Ubrzano starenje tretiranog drva prije biološkog testiranja.
Leaching procedure.
Postupak ispiranja.
Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes.
Metoda ispitivanja za određivanje učinkovitosti zaštite protiv razarača drva iz odjeljka basidiomycetes.
Determination of the toxic values.
Određivanje toksičnih vrijednosti.
General.
Općenito.
chemical identification data; source of the test substance, identity and concentration of any solvent used;
podaci za identifikaciju kemikalije, izvor ispitivane tvari, identitet i koncentracija upotrijebljenog otapala;
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ASTM International 2004 Annual Book of Standards.
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pKa = 5,3
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Environmental Modelling & Software Vol. 13, str. 529 – 537.
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Partition Coefficient, Determination and Estimation, Pergamon Press, Elmsford (New York) and Oxford (1986.)
Chemical. Reviews.
Chemical Reviews.
< 1 mg/l
< 1 mg/l,
ISO 8192 Water Quality- Test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation, International Organization for Standardization.
ISO 8192 Water Quality – Test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation, International Organization for Standardization.
In, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.05 Biological Effects and Environmental Fate;
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.05 Biological Effects and Environmental Fate;
EPA 712-C-96-156. 8pp.
EPA 712-C-96-156. str. 8.
Bruce R.D. and Versteeg D.J. (1992) A statistical procedure for modelling continuous toxicity data.
Bruce, R. D. i Versteeg, D. J. (1992.) A statistical procedure for modelling continuous toxicity data.
An interpolation estimate for chronic toxicity: The ICp approach.
The ICp approach.
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SS 02 82 13. str. 15.
(in Swedish).
(na švedskom)
Vol. 2.
Vol. 2.
MgSO4 · 7H2O
MgSO4 · 7H2O
MnCl2 · 4H2O
MnCl2 · 4H2O
FeCl3 · 6H2O
FeCl3 · 6H2O
3,3 mg/l
3,3 mg/l
MoO4 · 2H2O
MoO4 · 2H2O
As an example, one to two corn, soybean, tomato, cucumber, or sugar beet plants per 15 cm container; three rape or pea plants per 15 cm container; and 5 to 10 onion, wheat, or other small seeds per 15 cm container are recommended.
Na primjer, preporučuju se jedna do dvije biljke kukuruza, soje, rajčice, krastavca ili šećerne repe po posudi od 15 cm, tri biljke repe ili graška po posudi od 15 cm te pet do deset sjemenki luka, pšenice ili drugog sitnog sjemena po posudi od 15 cm.
A Comparison of Crop and Non-crop Plants as Sensitive Indicator Species for Regulatory Testing.
A Comparison of Crop and Non-crop Plants as Sensitive Indicator Species for Regulatory Testing.
POST (5, 15, 22-26)
POST (5, 15, 22 – 26)
POST (5, 22, 24-26)
POST (5, 22, 24 – 26)
New Farm, Mire Lane, West End, Twyford RG10 0NJ ENGLAND +44 (0) 1189 349 464
New Farm, Mire Lane, West End, Twyford RG10 0NJ ENGLESKA +44 (0) 1189 349 464
8240 Ulmerton Road, Largo, FL 33771-3948 USA
8240 Ulmerton Road, Largo, FL 33771-3948 SAD
9006 Mercer Pike, Meadville, PA 16335 USA
9006 Mercer Pike, Meadville, PA 16335 SAD
Bortree Stile, Ulverston, Cumbria LA12 7PB ENGLAND
Bortree Stile, Ulverston, Cumbria LA12 7PB ENGLESKA
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UBA-Texte 4/99, str. 150. + 223.
46 pp.
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ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1996). Soil Quality — Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1996.) Soil Quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
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ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1996.) Soil Quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
Start Non-parametric Tests
Obje kontr. mogu se objedinti
Lombriciens de France, Ecologie et systématique. Publication de l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.
Publication de l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique.
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The comparison of treatment to control group means in toxicology studies, Applied Statistics 28, 144 – 151.
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The test soil may be washed through a sieve using the method developed by van Gestel et al. (1) providing the peat and the manure or oatmeal added to the soil were ground to a fine powder.
Ispitno se tlo može isprati kroz sito metodom koju su razvili van Gestel i sur. (1), pod uvjetom da su treset i gnoj ili zobeno brašno usitnjeni u fini prah.
and Nilsson, L (1996), Methods for screening anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of organic chemicals.
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Project No.336, Water Quality Institute, Danish Environment Protection Agency, Copenhagen.
336, Water Quality Institute, Danish Environment Protection Agency, Copenhagen.
4-5 % (dry weight) sphagnum peat; it is important to use peat in powder form, degree of decomposition:
4 do 5 % (suhe mase) sphagnum treseta;
December 1997.
Prosinac 1997.
Edited by M. Streloke and H.Köpp.
Uredili M. Streloke i H.Köpp.
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OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 23.
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J. and Landrum, P. F. (2003.).
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Azcue & P. Mudroch (ur.):
Leppänen M.T. & Kukkonen J.V.K.
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John Wiley & Sons. New York.
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2 ± 0,5
2 ± 0,5
& Gilberg, D. (2005).
& Gilberg, D. (2005.).
2nd edition In:
izdanje U:
F. Dusbabek & V. Bukva (eds.):
F. Dusbabek i V. Bukva (ur.):
Zool.Beitr.
Zool.
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1994). Soil Quality — Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) (1994.) Soil Quality – Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida).
G. Fischer, Jena, 539 pp.
G. Fischer, Jena, str. 539.
However, in case a solvent is necessary, a solvent control should be run in parallel, at the same solvent concentration as the chemical treatments. For difficult test chemicals, a solvent may be technically the best solution;
Međutim, ako je potrebno otapalo, istovremeno je potrebno primijeniti i kontrolnu skupinu za otapalo u jednakoj koncentraciji kao i onoj upotrijebljenoj u skupinama tretiranima kemikalijom.
104 pp.
US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. str. 104.
Sumpter and Jobling (1995).
Sumpter and Jobling (1995.).
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Pawlowski S, Sauer A, Shears JA, Tyler CR, Braunbeck T (2004.).
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Andersen L, Goto-Kazato R, Trant JM, Nash JP, Korsgaard B, Bjerregaard P (2006.).
Panter GH, Hutchinson TH, Hurd KS, Sherren A, Stanley RD, Tyler CR (2004).
Panter GH, Hutchinson TH, Hurd KS, Sherren A, Stanley RD, Tyler CR (2004.).
Parks LG, Cheek AO, Denslow ND, Heppell SA, McLachlan JA, LeBlanc GA, Sullivan CV (1999).
Parks LG, Cheek AO, Denslow ND, Heppell SA, McLachlan JA, LeBlanc GA, Sullivan CV (1999.).
CEFIC, Brussels, Belgium.
CEFIC, Bruxelles, Belgija.
Fenske M., van Aerle, R.B., Brack, S.C., Tyler, C.R., Segner, H., (2001).
Fenske M., van Aerle, R.B., Brack, S.C., Tyler, C.R., Segner, H., (2001.).
Holbech H, Andersen L, Petersen GI, Korsgaard B, Pedersen KL, Bjerregaard P. (2001).
Holbech H, Andersen L, Petersen GI, Korsgaard B, Pedersen KL, Bjerregaard P. (2001.).
Seki M, Yokota H, Matsubara H, Maeda M, Tadokoro H, Kobayashi K (2004).
Seki M, Yokota H, Matsubara H, Maeda M, Tadokoro H, Kobayashi K (2004.).
Hutchinson TH, Shillabeer N, Winter MJ, Pickford DB, 2006a.
Hutchinson TH, Shillabeer N, Winter MJ, Pickford DB, 2006.a.
Harries JE, Runnalls T, Hill E, Harris CA,Maddix S, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR.
Harries JE, Runnalls T, Hill E, Harris CA, Maddix S, Sumpter JP, Tyler CR.
Rep means normally distributed Rep means normally distributed
Tamhane-Dunnettov test na ugniježđenaj ANOVA-i
STAGE
STADIJ
WEIGHT
MASA
< 400 mg/l [1]
< 400 mg/l [1]
Variances equal No Yes Yes
Pretvorba radi normalizacije
2 ml 5M NaCl
2 ml 5M NaCl
1 % SDS
1 % natrijeva dodecil sulfata (SDS)
ml = CIC,net × Vl
ml = CIC,net × Vl
Weed Science, 33, Suppl. 1 (1985) and Soil Sci.
Weed Science, 33, Suppl. 1 (1985.) and Soil Sci.
← Glass wool plug to keep the soil in the column ← Layer of quartz sandsurface
← Stakleni stupac napunjen ispitivanim tlom (pri ispitivanju fotolabilnih proizvoda stupce je potrebno omotati aluminijskom folijom)
Field test method for testing the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact.
Metoda ispitivanja na otvorenom za određivanje zaštitne učinkovitosti sredstva za zaštitu drva u dodiru sa zemljom.
octanol
oktanol
Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology, John Wiley, New York (1979).
Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology, John Wiley, New York (1979.)
The Hydrophobic Fragmental Constant, Pharmacochemistry Library, Vol. 1, Elsevier, New York (1977).
The Hydrophobic Fragmental Constant, Pharmacochemistry Library, Vol. 1, Elsevier, New York (1977.)
% I y
% I y
OECD, Paris.
OECD, Pariz.
At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics.
Po završetku 21-dnevnog razdoblja izlaganja, ovisno o upotrijebljenoj vrsti, u mužjakâ i ženki mjeri se jedan ili dva krajnja učinka biomarkera kao pokazatelji estrogenske ili androgenske aktivnosti i inhibicije aromataze ispitivane kemikalije, a ti su krajnji učinci vitelogenin i sekundarna spolna obilježja.
Kits for the measurement of vitellogenin are widely available; such kits should be based on a validated species-specific ELISA method.
Kompleti za mjerenje vitelogenina široko su dostupni, a trebali bi se temeljiti na potvrđenoj metodi ELISA specifičnoj za pojedinu vrstu.
The assay is normally initiated with fish sampled from a population that is in spawning condition; senescent animals should not be used.
Test u pravilu počinje uzimanjem uzorka riba iz populacije u mrijestu, a upotreba starih životinja nije dopuštena.
Secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and medaka (see Appendix 5A and Appendix 5B); blood samples are collected for determination of vitellogenin in zebrafish and fathead minnow, alternatively head/tail can be collected for the determination of vitellogenin in zebrafish (Appendix 6);
Sekundarna spolna obilježja mjere se u debeloglave gavčice i medake (vidjeti dodatke 5.A i 5.B), uzorci krvi uzimaju se radi utvrđivanja vitelogenina u zebrice i debeloglave gavčice, a osim toga, za utvrđivanje vitelogenina u zebrice može se uzeti glava / rep (Dodatak 6.), dok se za analizu vitelogenina u medake uzima jetra (Dodatak 6.)
Any abnormal behaviour (relative to controls) should be noted; this might include signs of general toxicity including hyperventilation, uncoordinated swimming, loss of equilibrium, and atypical quiescence or feeding.
Potrebno je evidentirati svako neuobičajeno ponašanje (u odnosu na kontrolne skupine), što može uključivati znakove opće toksičnosti, uključujući hiperventilaciju, nekoordinirano plivanje, manjak ravnoteže te atipično mirovanje ili hranjenje.
For example, territorial aggressiveness in normal males or masculinised females has been observed in fathead minnows under androgenic exposure; in zebrafish, the characteristic mating and spawning behaviour after the dawn onset of light is reduced or hindered by oestrogenic or anti-androgenic exposure.
Primjerice, teritorijalna agresivnost u normalnih mužjaka ili maskuliniziranih ženki uočena je u debeloglave gavčice u slučajevima izloženosti androgenima, a karakteristično parenje i mrijest zebrica u zoru s pojavom svjetla smanjeno je ili narušeno nakon izloženosti estrogenima ili antiandrogenima.