natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Paints in general are sold both to professional painters (i.e. for business purposes) and to the public at large for ‘do-it-yourself purposes'.
Boje se obično prodaju profesionalnim soboslikarima (tj. u poslovne svrhe) i javnosti u cjelini za projekte „uradi sam”.
By contrast, paints for industry do not target the general public.
Suprotno tomu, industrijske boje nisu namijenjene općoj javnosti.
Therefore, when the specifications of the two marks cover paints in general and paints for industry respectively, only professionals constitute the relevant public since they are likely to be the only consumers who encounter both marks.
Stoga kada specifikacije dvaju žigova obuhvaćaju boje općenito i industrijske boje, relevantnu javnost čine samo stručnjaci jer je vjerojatno da su oni jedini potrošači koji se susreću s oba žiga.
The services of the earlier mark are telecommunications.
Usluge ranijeg žiga jesu telekomunikacije.
The contested services are telecommunication services, namely collocation, telehousing and interconnection services addressed at professionals only.
Osporavane usluge jesu telekomunikacijske usluge, odnosno kolokacija, serverska pohrana i usluge međusobnog povezivanja koje su namijenjene isključivo stručnjacima.
The definition of the relevant public must be adjusted to the more specific list, and likelihood of confusion should be assessed for professionals only (24/05/2011, T408/09, ancotel, EU:T:2011:241, § 38-50).
Definicija relevantne javnosti mora se prilagoditi konkretnijem popisu, a vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu treba se ocijeniti isključivo za stručnjake (24/05/2011, T408/09, ancotel, EU:T:2011:241, § 38-50).
If the relevant goods are pharmaceuticals the following applies:
Ako su relevantni proizvodi farmaceutski proizvodi, primjenjuje se sljedeće:
The relevant public of non-prescription pharmaceuticals (sold over the counter) is the general public, and the likelihood of confusion will be assessed in relation to that public.
Relevantna javnost farmaceutskih proizvoda koji se prodaju bez recepta jest opća javnost, a vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu procjenjuje se u odnosu na tu javnost.
According to the case-law, the general public cannot be excluded from the relevant public, also in the case of pharmaceuticals that require a doctor's prescription prior to their sale to end-users in pharmacies.
U skladu sa sudskom praksom, opća javnost ne može se isključiti iz relevantne javnosti, što je slučaj i kada je riječ o farmaceutskim proizvodima za koje je potreban liječnički recept kako bi se mogli prodavati krajnjim korisnicima u ljekarnama.
Thus, the relevant public comprises both general public and health professionals, such as doctors and pharmacists.
Stoga relevantnu javnost čine opća javnost i zdravstveni radnici, kao što su liječnici i ljekarnici.
Consequently, even though the choice of those products is influenced or determined by intermediaries, a likelihood of confusion can also exist for the general public, since they are likely to be faced with those products, even if that takes place during separate purchasing transactions for each of those individual products at various times (09/02/2011, T222/09, Alpharen, EU:T:2011:36, § 42-45; 26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 5663).
Slijedom toga, iako na izbor tih proizvoda utječu ili ga određuju posrednici, vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu može postojati i kod opće javnosti s obzirom na to da je susretanje s tim proizvodima vrlo vjerojatno, čak i ako se to događa tijekom različitih kupnji pojedinačnih proizvoda u različitim trenucima (09/02/2011, T222/09, Alpharen, EU:T:2011:36, § 42-45; 26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 5663).
In practice, this means that the likelihood of confusion will be assessed against the perception of the general public, which is more prone to confusion.
U praksi to znači da će se vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu procjenjivati na temelju doživljaja opće javnosti, koja je sklonija zabludama.
In the case of pharmaceutical goods targeted only at specialists for professional use (e.g. sterile solutions for ophthalmic surgery), the likelihood of confusion must be assessed from the point of view of that specialist public only (26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 66).
Kada je riječ o farmaceutskim proizvodima namijenjenima samo stručnjacima za profesionalnu uporabu (npr. sterilne otopine za oftalmološke zahvate), vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu mora se procijeniti sa stajališta specijalizirane javnosti (26/04/2007, C412/05 P, Travatan, EU:C:2007:252, § 66).
In cases where the pharmaceutical goods of the EUTM application are sold over the counter, while the pharmaceutical goods covered by the earlier registration would only be available on prescription, or vice versa, the Office must assume that the relevant public consists of both qualified professionals and the general public, without any specific medical and pharmaceutical knowledge.
Ako se farmaceutski proizvodi obuhvaćeni prijavom žiga EU-a prodaju bez recepta, dok su farmaceutski proizvodi obuhvaćeni ranijom registracijom dostupni samo na recept ili obratno, Ured mora pretpostaviti da relevantnu javnost čine i kvalificirani stručnjaci i opća javnost bez posebnog medicinskog ili farmaceutskog znanja.
The likelihood of confusion will be assessed in relation to the general public, which is more prone to confusion.
Vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu procjenjivat će u odnosu na opću javnost, koja je sklonija zabludama.
The goods covered by the earlier mark were pharmaceutical preparations with digoxin for human use for cardiovascular illnesses, while the contested goods were pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of metabolic disorders adapted for administration only by intravenous, intra-muscular or subcutaneous injection.
Proizvodi obuhvaćeni ranijim žigom bili su farmaceutski proizvodi s digoksinom za primjenu kod ljudi u slučaju kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dok su osporavani proizvodi bili farmaceutski proizvodi za liječenje metaboličkih poremećaja koji su prilagođeni isključivo za primjenu intravenoznom, intramuskularnom ili potkožnom injekcijom.
Although both the goods of the earlier mark and the goods of the contested mark are prescribed by and administered under the supervision of healthcare professionals, the GC held that the relevant public comprises both healthcare professionals and the general public.
Iako i proizvode obuhvaćene ranijim žigom i one obuhvaćene osporavanim žigom propisuju liječnici te se oni primjenjuju pod nadzorom zdravstvenih radnika, Opći sud smatrao je da relevantna javnost uključuje i zdravstvene radnike i opću javnost.
3 Defining the Degree of Attention
Utvrđivanje razine pozornosti
The Court has indicated that for the purposes of the global assessment, the average consumer of the products concerned is deemed to be reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect, and that the relevant public's degree of attention is likely to vary according to the category of goods or services in question (22/06/1999, C342/97, Lloyd Schuhfabrik, EU:C:1999:323, § 26).
Sud je naveo da se u svrhu cjelovite procjene smatra da je prosječni potrošač predmetnih proizvoda relativno dobro informiran i razumno pažljiv i oprezan te da se razina pozornosti relevantne javnosti razlikuje ovisno o kategoriji predmetnih proizvoda ili usluga (22/06/1999, C342/97, Lloyd Schuhfabrik, EU:C:1999:323, § 26).
Whether its degree of attention will be higher or lower will depend, inter alia, on the nature of the relevant goods and services and the knowledge, experience and purchase involvement of the relevant public.
Hoće li razina pozornosti biti viša ili niža ovisi, među ostalim, o prirodi relevantnih proizvoda i usluga te o znanju, iskustvu i uključenosti u kupnju relevantne javnosti.
The fact that the relevant public consists of the general public does not necessarily mean that the degree of attention cannot be high (for instance, when expensive, potentially hazardous or technically sophisticated goods are purchased).
Činjenica da relevantnu javnost čini opća javnost ne znači nužno da razina pozornosti ne može biti visoka (na primjer, kad je riječ o kupnji skupih, potencijalno opasnih ili tehnički naprednih proizvoda).
Likewise, the fact that the goods at issue target specialists does not necessarily mean that the degree of attention is always high.
Isto tako, činjenica da su predmetni proizvodi namijenjeni stručnjacima ne znači nužno da je razina pozornosti uvijek visoka.
It is true that, in principle, the professional public has a high degree of attention when purchasing a specific product.
Točno je da stručna javnost načelno ima visoku razinu pozornosti pri kupnji određenog proizvoda.
This is when these professional consumers are considered to have special background knowledge or experience in relation to the specific goods and services.
Smatra se da stručni potrošači imaju posebno prethodno znanje ili iskustvo povezano s određenim proizvodima i uslugama.
However, in some cases, for example, such as when the relevant goods or services are used by a given professional on a daily basis, the level of attention paid may be average or even low even in relation to those professional consumers.
U nekim slučajevima, na primjer kada određeni stručnjak svakodnevno upotrebljava određene proizvode ili usluge, razina pozornosti koju pokazuje može biti prosječna ili čak niska.
Properly defining the degree of attention of the relevant public is necessary, as this factor can weigh for or against a finding of a likelihood of confusion.
Pravilno utvrđivanje razine pozornosti relevantne javnosti nužno je jer taj čimbenik može presuditi u korist ili protiv utvrđivanja vjerojatnosti dovođenja u zabludu.
Whilst the relevant consumer only rarely has the chance to make a direct comparison between the different signs and must rely on an imperfect recollection of them, a high level of attention of the relevant consumer may lead to conclude that the relevant consumer will not confuse the marks, despite the lack of direct comparison between the trade marks (22/03/2011, T486/07, CA, EU:T:2011:104, § 95).
Iako relevantni potrošač rijetko ima priliku izravno usporediti različite znakove i mora se osloniti na svoje nesavršeno prisjećanje tih znakova, visoka razina pozornosti relevantnog potrošača može dovesti do zaključka da relevantni potrošač neće zamijeniti znakove bez obzira na nemogućnost izravne usporedbe žigova (22/03/2011, T486/07, CA, EU:T:2011:104, § 95).
Therefore, the degree of attention will be established in the decision.
Stoga će se razina pozornosti utvrditi u odluci.
However, a high degree of attention does not automatically lead to a finding of no likelihood of confusion.
Međutim, visoka razina pozornosti ne dovodi automatski do utvrđivanja nepostojanja vjerojatnosti dovođenja u zabludu.
All the other factors have to be taken into account (interdependence principle) (see the Guidelines, Part C, Opposition, Section 2, Double Identity and Likelihood of Confusion, Chapter 7, Global Assessment).
Potrebno je u obzir uzeti sve druge čimbenike (načelo međuovisnosti) (vidjeti Smjernice, dio C, Prigovor, odjeljak 2., Istovjetnost i vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu, poglavlje 7., Cjelovita procjena).
For example, in view of the specialised nature of the relevant goods and/or services and the high degree of attention of the relevant public, likelihood of confusion may be ruled out (26/06/2008, T79/07, Polaris, EU:T:2008:230, § 50-51).
Na primjer, kada je riječ o specijaliziranoj prirodi relevantnih proizvoda i/ili usluga i visokoj razini pozornosti relevantne javnosti, može se isključiti vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu (26/06/2008, T79/07, Polaris, EU:T:2008:230, § 50-51).
However, a likelihood of confusion can exist despite a high degree of attention.
Međutim, vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu može postojati unatoč visokoj razini pozornosti.
For example, when there is a strong likelihood of confusion created by other factors, such as identity or close overall similarity of the marks and the identity of the goods, the attention of the relevant public alone cannot be relied upon to prevent confusion (21/11/2013, T443/12, ancotel, EU:T:2013:605, § 53-56; 06/09/2010, R 1419/20094, Hasi (fig.) / Hasen IMMOBILIEN).
Na primjer, kada postoji velika vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu koja proizlazi iz drugih čimbenika, kao što su istovjetnost ili velika ukupna sličnost žigova i istovjetnost proizvoda, nije moguće pouzdati se u pozornost relevantne javnosti za sprječavanje zablude (21/11/2013, T443/12, ancotel, EU:T:2013:605, § 53-56; 06/09/2010, R 1419/20094, Hasi (fig.) / Hasen IMMOBILIEN).
3.1 Higher degree of attention
Visoka razina pozornosti
A higher degree of attention is usually connected with the following types of purchases: expensive purchases, the purchase of potentially hazardous or technically sophisticated goods.
Viša razina pozornosti obično je povezana sa sljedećim vrstama kupnje: kupnja skupocjenih proizvoda ili usluga, kupnja potencijalno opasnih proizvoda ili kupnja tehnički složenih proizvoda.
The average consumer often seeks professional assistance or advice when choosing or buying certain types of goods and services (e.g. cars, pharmaceutical products).
Prosječni potrošač često traži stručnu pomoć ili savjet prilikom odabira ili kupnje određene vrste proizvoda i usluga (npr. automobili, farmaceutski proizvodi).
A higher degree of attention can also apply to goods when brand loyalty is important for the consumer.
Viša razina pozornosti može se primijeniti i na proizvode kada je odanost robnoj marki važna potrošaču.
3.1.1 Expensive purchases
Kupnja skupocjenih proizvoda
When purchasing expensive goods, the consumer will generally exercise a higher degree of care and will buy the goods only after careful consideration.
Prilikom kupnje skupocjenih proizvoda potrošač obično pokazuje višu razinu pozornosti i kupuje proizvode tek nakon pažljivog razmatranja.
Non-specialised or non-professional consumers often seek professional assistance or advice when choosing or buying certain types of goods and services.
Potrošači koji nisu specijalisti ili stručnjaci često traže stručnu pomoć ili savjet prilikom izbora ili kupnje određene vrste proizvoda i usluga.
The attention may be enhanced in cases of luxury goods and where the specific product is regarded as reflecting the social status of its owner.
Pozornost se može povećati kada je riječ o luksuznim proizvodima i kada se smatra da određeni proizvod odražava društveni status vlasnika.
Cars.
Automobili.
Taking into consideration their price, consumers are likely to pay a higher degree of attention than for less expensive purchases.
Ako se uzme u obzir njihova cijena, veća je vjerojatnost da će potrošači pokazati višu razinu pozornosti nego kada je riječ o jeftinijim kupnjama.
It is to be expected that these consumers will not buy a car, either new or second-hand, in the same way as they would buy articles purchased on a daily basis.
Može se pretpostaviti da se ti potrošači neće ponašati isto kupuju li novi ili rabljeni automobil ili pak proizvode za široku potrošnju koji se kupuju svakodnevno.
The consumer will be an informed one, taking all relevant factors into consideration, for example, price, consumption, insurance costs, personal needs or even prestige (22/03/2011, T486/07, CA, EU:T:2011:104, § 27-38; 21/03/2012, T63/09, Swift GTi, EU:T:2012:137, § 39-42).
Potrošač se smatra informiranim ako uzima u obzir sve važne čimbenike, na primjer cijenu, potrošnju goriva, troškove osiguranja, osobne potrebe ili čak ugled (22/03/2011, T486/07, CA, EU:T:2011:104, § 27-38; 21/03/2012, T63/09, Swift GTi, EU:T:2012:137, § 39-42).
Diamonds, precious and semi-precious stones.
Dijamanti, drago i poludrago kamenje.
In its decision of 09/12/2010, R 900/20101, Leo Marco (fig.) / LEO, § 22, the Board held that consumers generally put a certain amount of thought into the selection of these goods.
U svojoj odluci od 09/12/2010, R 900/20101, Leo Marco (fig.) / LEO, t. 22., vijeće je utvrdilo da potrošači u pravilu pažljivo promišljaju o izboru tih proizvoda.
In many cases the goods will be luxury items or will be intended as gifts.
U mnogim slučajevima riječ je o luksuznim predmetima ili darovima.
A relatively high degree of attention on the part of the consumer may be assumed.
Može se pretpostaviti da postoji relativno visoka razina pozornosti potrošača.
Financial services.
Financijske usluge.
These services target the general public, which is reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect.
Te su usluge namijenjene općoj javnosti koja je relativno dobro informirana i razumno pažljiva i oprezna.
However, since such services are specialised services that may have important financial consequences for their users, the consumers' level of attention would be rather high when choosing them (03/02/2011, R 719/20101, f@ir Credit (fig.) / FERCREDIT, § 15) (appealed 19/09/2012, T220/11, F@ir Credit, EU:T:2012:444, dismissed; appealed 14/11/2013, C524/12 P, F@ir Credit, EU:C:2013:874, dismissed).
Međutim, budući da su takve usluge specijalizirane i mogu imati važne financijske posljedice za korisnike, razina pozornosti potrošača prilično je visoka prilikom njihova izbora (03/02/2011, R 719/20101, f@ir Credit (fig.) / FERCREDIT, § 15) (žalba podnesena 19/09/2012, T220/11, F@ir Credit, EU:T:2012:444, odbačena; žalba podnesena 14/11/2013, C524/12 P, F@ir Credit, EU:C:2013:874, odbačena).
In the overall impression combined by the signs at issue, the visual and conceptual differences between the signs are sufficient to outweigh their limited phonetic similarity, particularly since the relevant public is highly attentive and well informed (22/06/2010, T563/08, Carbon Capital Markets, EU:T:2010:251, § 33, 61).
U ukupnom dojmu predmetnih znakova vizualne i konceptualne razlike među znakovima dovoljne su da prevladaju nad ograničenom fonetskom sličnosti, posebno zato što relevantna javnost iskazuje visoku razinu pozornosti i dobro je informirana (22/06/2010, T563/08, Carbon Capital Markets, EU:T:2010:251, § 33, 61).
Real estate services.
Usluge povezane s nekretninama.
The purchase and sale of property are business transactions that involve both risk and the transfer of large sums of money.
Kupnja i prodaja nekretnina poslovne su transakcije koje uključuju rizik i prijenos velikih novčanih iznosa.
For these reasons, the relevant consumer is deemed to possess a higher-than-average degree of attention, since the consequences of making a poor choice through lack of attentiveness might be highly damaging (17/02/2011, R 817/20102, FIRST THE REAL ESTATE (fig.) / FIRST MALLORCA (fig.) et al., § 21).
Iz tog se razloga smatra da relevantni potrošač pokazuje višu razinu pozornosti od uobičajene jer posljedice lošeg izbora zbog nedostatka pozornosti mogu biti vrlo štetne (17/02/2011, R 817/20102, FIRST THE REAL ESTATE (fig.) / FIRST MALLORCA (fig.) et al., § 21).
3.1.2 Potentially hazardous purchases
Kupnja potencijalno opasnih proizvoda
The impact on safety of goods covered by a trade mark (e.g. lights for vehicles, saws, electric accumulators, electric circuit breakers, electric relays) may result in an increase in the relevant consumer's degree of attention (22/03/2011, T486/07, CA, EU:T:2011:104, § 41).
Utjecaj na sigurnost proizvoda koje obuhvaća žig (npr. svjetla za vozila, pile, električni akumulatori, električni osigurači, električni releji) može dovesti do povećanja razine pozornosti relevantnog potrošača (22/03/2011, T486/07, CA, EU:T:2011:104, § 41).
3.1.3 Brand loyalty
Odanost robnoj marki
Furthermore, a higher degree of attention can be the consequence of brand loyalty.
Nadalje, visoka razina pozornosti može biti posljedica odanosti robnoj marki.
Although tobacco products are relatively cheap articles for mass consumption, smokers are considered particularly careful and selective about the brand of cigarettes they smoke, so a higher degree of brand loyalty and attention is assumed when tobacco products are involved.
Iako su duhanski proizvodi relativno jeftini proizvodi za masovnu potrošnju, smatra se da su pušači osobito pažljivi i izbirljivi kada je u pitanju marka cigareta koje puše, tako da se može pretpostaviti da postoji viša razina odanosti robnoj marki i pozornosti kada je riječ o duhanskim proizvodima.
Therefore, in the case of tobacco products a higher degree of similarity of signs may be required for confusion to occur.
Stoga bi u slučaju duhanskih proizvoda mogla biti potrebna viša razina sličnosti znakova da bi došlo do zablude.
This has been confirmed by several Board decisions: 26/02/2010, R 1562/20082, victory slims (fig.) / VICTORIA et al., where it was stated that the consumers of Class 34 goods are generally very attentive and brand loyal, and 25/04/2006, R 61/20052, Granducato / DUCADOS et al.
To je potvrđeno u nekoliko odluka vijeća: 26/02/2010, R 1562/20082, victory slims (fig.) / VICTORIA et al., u kojoj je navedeno da su potrošači proizvoda iz razreda 34. obično vrlo pažljivi i odani robnoj marki, i 25/04/2006, R 61/20052, Granducato / DUCADOS et al.
3.1.4 Pharmaceuticals
Farmaceutski proizvodi
It is apparent from the case-law that, insofar as pharmaceutical preparations are concerned, the relevant public's degree of attention is relatively high, whether or not issued on prescription (15/12/2010, T331/09, Tolposan, EU:T:2010:520, § 26; 15/03/2012, T288/08, Zydus, EU:T:2012:124, § 36 and quoted case-law).
Iz sudske je prakse vidljivo da je razina pažnje relevantne javnosti relativno visoka kada je riječ o farmaceutskim proizvodima, neovisno izdaju li se putem recepta ili ne (15/12/2010, T331/09, Tolposan, EU:T:2010:520, § 26; 15/03/2012, T288/08, Zydus, EU:T:2012:124, § 36 i citirana sudska praksa).
In particular, medical professionals have a high degree of attentiveness when prescribing medicines.
Visoku razinu pozornosti osobito pokazuju zdravstveni radnici prilikom propisivanja lijekova.
With regard to non-professionals, they also show a higher degree of attention, regardless of whether the pharmaceuticals are sold without prescription, as these goods affect their state of health.
Kada je riječ o potrošačima koji nisu stručnjaci, i oni pokazuju višu razinu pozornosti bez obzira na to prodaju li se farmaceutski proizvodi na recept ili bez njega jer utječu na njihovo zdravstveno stanje.
3.2 Lower degree of attention
Niska razina pozornosti
A lower degree of attention can be associated, in particular, with habitual buying behaviour.
Niža razina pozornosti može se posebno povezati s kupovnim navikama.
Purchase decisions in this area relate to, for example, inexpensive goods purchased on a daily basis (15/06/2010, T547/08, Strumpf, EU:T:2010:235, § 43).
Odluke o kupnji u tom području odnose se, na primjer, na jeftine proizvode koji se svakodnevno kupuju (15/06/2010, T547/08, Strumpf, EU:T:2010:235, § 43).
Double Identity and Likelihood of Confusion - Comparison of Signs
Istovjetnost i vjerojatnost dovođenja u zabludu - Uspoređivanje znakova
CHAPTER 4
POGLAVLJE 4.
COMPARISON OF SIGNS
USPOREĐIVANJE ZNAKOVA
1 General Principles of the Trade Mark Comparison 4
1 Opća načela uspoređivanja žigova 4
1.1 Overview 4
1.1 Pregled 4
1.2 Structure 4
1.2 Struktura 4
1.3 Three aspects: visual, aural and conceptual 5
1.3 Tri aspekta: vizualni, zvučni i konceptualni 5
1.4 Possible outcome of the comparison 5
1.4 Mogući ishod uspoređivanja 5
1.5 Signs to be compared and negligible elements 7
1.5 Znakovi za uspoređivanje i zanemarivi elementi 7
1.6 Relevant territory and relevant public 8
1.6 Relevantno područje i relevantna javnost 8
2 Identity of Signs 9
2 Istovjetnost znakova 9
2.1 The concept of identity 9
2.1 Koncept istovjetnosti 9
2.2 Threshold for a finding of identity 10
2.2 Prag za utvrđivanje istovjetnosti 10
2.3 Identity of word marks 11
2.3 Istovjetnost verbalnih žigova 11
2.4 Word marks and figurative marks 12
2.4 Verbalni žigovi i figurativni žigovi 12
2.5 Identity of figurative marks 13
2.5 Istovjetnost figurativnih žigova 13
2.6 Identity of an earlier black and white (B&W) or greyscale mark with a colour mark application 14
2.6 Istovjetnost ranijeg crno-bijelog žiga ili žiga u sivim nijansama s prijavom žiga koji čini boja 13
3 Similarity of Signs 15
3 Sličnost znakova 15
3.1 Introduction 15
3.1 Uvod 15
3.2 Distinctive elements of the marks 15
3.2 Razlikovni elementi žigova 15