natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain.
Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain.
Ethanol-induced apoptotic degeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Ethanol-induced apoptotic degeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Comparison of open and blind histopathologic evaluation of hepatic lesions.
Comparison of open and blind histopathologic evaluation of hepatic lesions.
Setting exposure standards:
Setting exposure standards:
Selection of the experimental unit in teratology studies.
Selection of the experimental unit in teratology studies.
Undertaking positive control studies as part of developmental neurotoxicity testing:
Undertaking positive control studies as part of developmental neurotoxicity testing:
Statistical issues and techniques appropriate for developmental neurotoxicity testing:
Statistical issues and techniques appropriate for developmental neurotoxicity testing:
Anim.
Anim. Sci.
If the primary antibody response is assayed by counting plaque-forming cells, it is permissible to evaluate subgroups of animals on separate days, provided that: subgroup immunisation and sacrifice are timed so that PFCs are counted at the peak of the response;
Ako se prvotna reakcija antitijela procjenjuje prebrojavanjem stanica koje tvore plak, dopuštena je procjena podskupina životinja u zasebne dane uz uvjet da se imunizacija i usmrćivanje podskupine planiraju tako da se stanice koje tvore plak broje na vrhuncu reakcije, da podskupine sadržavaju jednaki broj muških i ženskih potomaka iz svih skupina za doziranje, uključujući kontrolne, te da se podskupine procjenjuju u približno jednakoj postnatalnoj dobi.
that subgroups contain an equal number of male and female offspring from all dose groups, including controls; and that subgroups are evaluated at approximately the same postnatal age.Exposure to the test chemical will continue until the day before collecting spleens for the PFC response or serum for the ELISA assay.
Izlaganje ispitivanoj kemikaliji nastavit će se do dana prikupljanja slezena za reakciju stanica koje tvore plak ili seruma za test ELISA.
Smith (1989), "The Automated Analysis of Rat Sperm Motility Following Subchronic Epichlorhydrin Administration:
Smith (1989.), The Automated Analysis of Rat Sperm Motility Following Subchronic Epichlorhydrin Administration:
Methodologic and Statistical Considerations", Journal of Andrology, 10, 401-415.
Methodologic and Statistical Considerations, Journal of Andrology, 10., 401. – 415.
Lowest observed effective concentration; Max Change:
Kolesterol
, Human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cells for rapid in vitro determination of effects on steroidogenesis:
, Human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cells for rapid in vitro determination of effects on steroidogenesis:
, Computational model of steroidogenesis in human H295R cells to predict biochemical response to endocrine-active chemicals:
, Computational model of steroidogenesis in human H295R cells to predict biochemical response to endocrine-active chemicals:
, Quantitative RT-PCR methods for evaluating toxicant-induced effects on steroidogenesis using the H295R cell line, Environ.
, Quantitative RT-PCR methods for evaluating toxicant-induced effects on steroidogenesis using the H295R cell line, Environ.
E., Bird, I. M., Sawetawan, C., Hanley, N. A., Mccarthy, J. L., Mcgee, E. A., Wester, R. and Mason, J. I. (1993), Regulation of human adrenal carcinoma cell (NCI-H295) production of C19 steroids, J. Clin.
E., Bird, I. M., Sawetawan, C., Hanley, N. A., Mccarthy, J. L., Mcgee, E. A., Wester, R. and Mason, J. I. (1993.), Regulation of human adrenal carcinoma cell (NCI-H295) production of C19 steroids, J. Clin.
At least every 6 months and each time there is a change that may influence the performance of the assay (e.g. a new formulation of diet, change in personnel performing dissections, change in animal strain or supplier, etc.), the responsiveness of the test system (animal model) should be verified using an appropriate dose (based on the baseline positive control study described in paragraph 27) of a reference oestrogen: 17a-ethinyl estradiol (CAS No 57-63-6) (EE).
Najmanje svakih 6 mjeseci i u slučaju svake promjene koja može utjecati na provođenje testa (npr. nova formulacija prehrane, promjena osoblja koje obavlja disekcije, promjene soja životinja ili dobavljača itd.) treba provjeriti reakciju ispitnog sustava (životinjski model) pomoću odgovarajuće doze (na temelju studije osnovne pozitivne kontrole iz stavka 27.) referentnog estrogena 17α-etinilestradiola (CAS br. 57-63-6) (EE),
Baseline Positive Control Study — Before a laboratory conducts a study under this test method for the first time, laboratory proficiency should be demonstrated by testing the responsiveness of the animal model, by establishing the dose response of a reference oestrogen: 17a-ethinyl estradiol (CAS No 57-63-6) (EE) with a minimum of four doses.
Studija osnovne pozitivne kontrole – prije nego što laboratorij prvi put provodi studiju na temelju ove ispitne metode, potrebno je dokazati njegovu osposobljenost ispitivanjem reakcije životinjskog modela utvrđivanjem doze reakcije referentnog estrogena 17α-etinilestradiola (CAS br. 57-63-6) (EE) pomoću najmanje četiri doze.
Quality control plate layout for testing performance of unexposed H295R cells and cells exposed to known inhibitors (PRO = prochloraz) and stimulators (FOR = forskolin) of E2 and T production.
Izgled pločice za kontrolu kvalitete za ispitivanje učinka neizloženih stanica H295R i stanica izloženih poznatim inhibitorima (PRO = prokloraz) i stimulatorima (FOR = forskolin) proizvodnje hormona T i E2.
Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences from the solvent control (p < 0,05). LOEC:
(Zvjezdice se odnose na statistički značajne razlike od kontrole otapala (p < 0,05). LOEC: najniža koncentracija s vidljivim učinkom; najveća promjena: najveća jačina uočene reakcije pri bilo kojoj koncentraciji u odnosu na prosječnu reakciju kontrole otapala (= 1).)
Maximum strength of the response observed at any concentration relative to the average SC response (= 1). Cholesterol Pregnenolone
Pregnenolon
[http://www.oecd.org/document/30/0,3746,en_2649_34377_1916638_1_1_1_1,00.html]
[http://www.oecd.org/document/30/0,3746,en_2649_34377_1916638_1_1_1_1,00.html].
lacZ bacteriophage mouse (Muta™Mouse);
lacZ bakteriofag miša (MutaäMouse);
lacZ plasmid mouse;
lacZ plazmid miša;
Res., 388(2–3):
Res., 388(2. – 3.):
Rev. 52:
Rev. 52.:
The concurrent control group should be a sham-treated control group or a vehicle-control group if a vehicle is used in administering the test chemical. All animals should normally be administered the same volume of either test chemical or vehicle on a body weight basis.
Usporedna kontrolna skupina treba biti placebo kontrolna skupina ili kontrolna skupina tretirana samo nosačem ako se kod primjene ispitivane kemikalije upotrebljava nosač.
Cohort 1 assesses reproductive/developmental endpoints; this cohort may be extended to include an F2 generation.
Ovom se ispitnom metodom opisuju tri kohorte životinja F1:
Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris, September 2003.
Environment Directorate, OECD, Pariz, rujan 2003.
combined 28 day/reproduction screening test (TG 422 enhanced)1 1 Potential enhancements will be considered by VMG mamm
kvantitativni odnosi između strukture i aktivnosti
In addition to the above two criteria, it is recommended that the test of learning and memory be chosen on the basis of its demonstrated sensitivity to the class of chemical under investigation, if such information is available in the literature. In the absence of such information, examples of tests that could be made to meet the above criteria include:
Uz gornja dva kriterija, preporučuje se odabir ispitivanja učenja i pamćenja na temelju njegove dokazane osjetljivosti na klasu opasnosti kemikalije koja se ispituje, ako su takve informacije dostupne u literaturi.
Thigpen J. E. et al. (2004).
Thigpen J. E. et al. (2004.).
Supplemental materials for Owens et al. (2006).
Supplemental materials for Owens et al. (2006.).
ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA, [http://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/].
ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA, (http://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/).
Chapter B.55 of this Annex, Hershberger Bioassay in Rats: A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
Poglavlje B.55. ovog Priloga, Hershbergerov biotest na glodavcima Kratkoročni test probira na (anti)androgenska svojstva.
[212-072-2]
(212 -072 -2)
[200-123-1]
(200 -123 -1)
[202-453-1]
(202 -453 -1)
[200-028-5]
(200 -028 -5)
The testing laboratory should set the dosing regimen according to relevant information about the effects of the test chemical, prior experience, and logistical considerations; this may include extension of dosing past weaning.
Ispitni bi laboratorij trebao odrediti režim doziranja u skladu s relevantnim informacijama o učincima ispitivane kemikalije, ranijim iskustvima i logističkim aspektima, što može uključivati produljenje doziranja nakon odbijanja od sise.
The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo estrogenic responses:
The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo estrogen icresponses:
Tyl, R.W., K. Crofton, A. Moretto, V. Moser, L.P. Sheets and T.J.
Tyl, R.W., K. Crofton, A. Moretto, V. Moser, L.P.
Sci., 49:
Sci., 49: 1.
In Target Organ Toxicology Series:
U Target Organ Toxicology Series:
Tyl, R.W., Crofton, K.M., Moretto, A., Moser, V.C., Sheets, L.P., and Sobotka, T.J. (2008) Identification and interpretation of developmental neurotoxicity effects:
Tyl, R.W., Crofton, K.M., Moretto, A., Moser, V.C., Sheets, L.P., and Sobotka, T.J. (2008.) Identification and interpretation of developmental neurotoxicity effects:
The highest dose should represent the maximum tolerated dose (MTD); a study conducted at a dose level that induced a positive uterotrophic response would be accepted too.
Najviša bi doza trebala predstavljati maksimalnu dozu tolerancije (MDT), a prihvatljiva bi bila i studija provedena na visini doze kojom je izazvana pozitivna uterotropna reakcija.
ENV/JM/MONO(2003)1.
ENV/JM/MONO(2003.)1.
In Support of the Validation of the OECD Uterotrophic Protocols for the Laboratory Rodent.
In Support of theValidation of the OECD Uterotrophic Protocols for the Laboratory Rodent.
ENV/JM/MONO(2006)33.
ENV/JM/MONO(2006.)33.
ENV/JM/MONO(2006)34.
ENV/JM/MONO(2006.)34.
Food Chem.
FoodChem.
Comp. Med.
Comp.
ENV/JM/MONO(2000)7.
ENV/JM/MONO(2000.)7.
ENV/JM/MONO(2001)4.
ENV/JM/MONO(2001.)4.
This test method provides a detailed description of the operational conduct of an Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study. The test method describes three cohorts of F1 animals:
Ovom se ispitnom metodom pruža detaljan opis operativne provedbe produljene studije reproduktivne toksičnosti na jednoj generaciji.
The pre-mating treatment should be sufficiently long to achieve steady-state exposure conditions in P males and females. A 2-week pre-mating treatment for both sexes is considered adequate in most cases.
Tretman prije parenja treba trajati dovoljno dugo kako bi se postigli stabilni uvjeti izlaganja u mužjaka i ženki P. U većini se slučajeva dvotjedni tretman prije parenja smatra odgovarajućim u oba spola.
When the test chemical is administered in the diet, either a constant dietary concentration (ppm) or a constant dose level in terms of the body weight of the animal may be employed; the option chosen should be specified.
Ako se ispitivana kemikalija daje u hrani, može se upotrebljavati stalna koncentracija u hrani (ppm) ili stalna visina doze s obzirom na tjelesnu masu životinje, a odabir treba obrazložiti.
Females should not be treated by gavage, or any other route of treatment where the animal needs to be handled, on the day of parturition; omission of test chemical administration on that day is preferable to a disturbance of the birth process.
Ženke na dan parturicije ne treba tretirati sondom ili bilo kojim tretmanom pri kojem je potrebno rukovanje životinjom, a propuštanje primjene ispitivane kemikalije na taj je dan poželjnije od ometanja postupka okota.
In addition, P females are weighed during lactation on the same days as the weighing of the pups in their litters (see paragraph 44). All F1 animals are weighed individually at weaning (PND 21) and at least weekly thereafter.
Osim toga, ženke P važu se tijekom laktacije istih dana kao i mladunci u njihovim leglima (vidjeti stavak 44.) Sve životinje F1 važu se pojedinačno kod odbijanja od sise (21. PND), a zatim najmanje jednom tjedno.
Ohno (2000).
Ohno (2000.).
The medium is pipetted off the culture flask, and the cells are rinsed 3 times with sterile PBS (without Ca2+Mg2+). An enzyme solution (in PBS) is added to detach the cells from the culture flask. Following an appropriate time for detachment of the cells, the enzyme action should be stopped with the addition of supplemented medium at a ratio of 3 × the volume used for the enzyme treatment. Cells are placed into a centrifuge tube, centrifuged at room temperature, the supernatant is removed, and the pellet of cells is re-suspended in supplemented medium. The cell density is calculated using e.g. a haemocytometer or cell counter. The cell solution should be diluted to the desired plating density and thoroughly mixed to assure homogenous cell density.
Medij se pipetom vadi iz tikvice s kulturom, stanice se ispiru tri puta sterilnom fiziološkom otopinom s fosfatnim pulferom (bez Ca2+ Mg2+).
The cells should be plated with 1 ml of the cell solution/well and the plates and wells labelled. The seeded plates are incubated at 37 °C under 5 % CO2 in air atmosphere for 24 hours to allow the cells to attach to the wells.
Otopina enzima (u fiziološkoj otopini s fosfatnim pulferom (bez Ca2+ Mg2+) dodaje se radi odvajanja stanica od tikvice s kulturom. Nakon odgovarajućeg vremenskog razdoblja za odvajanje stanica treba zaustaviti djelovanje enzima dodavanjem dopunjenog medija u omjeru trostrukog volumena upotrijebljenog za tretman enzimom. Stanice se stavljaju u kivetu za centrifugiranje, uklanja se supernatant te se stanični talog ponovno suspendira u dopunjenom mediju. Gustoća stanica izračunava se s pomoću, primjerice, hemocitometra ili brojača stanica. Otopinu stanica treba razrijediti do željene gustoće za nanošenje na pločice i temeljito promiješati kako bi se osigurala homogenost gustoće stanica. 1 ml otopine stanica po jažici treba nanijeti na pločicu te označiti pločice i jažice. Pločice na koje su nanesene stanice podvrgavaju se inkubaciji u trajanju od 24 sata pri 37 °C s 5 %-tnim CO2 u zraku kako bi se stanice mogle pričvrstiti na jažice.
This proficiency test will be conducted under the same conditions listed in paragraphs 38 through 40 by exposing cells to 7 increasing concentrations of strong, moderate and weak inducers and inhibitors as well as a negative chemical (see Table 2). Specifically, chemicals to be tested include the strong inducer forskolin (CAS No 66575-29-9); the strong inhibitor prochloraz (CAS No 67747-09-5); the moderate inducer atrazine (CAS No 1912-24-9); the moderate inhibitor aminoglutethimide (CAS No 125-84-8); the weak inducer (E2 production) and weak inhibitor (T production) bisphenol A (CAS No 80-05-7); and the negative chemical human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (CAS No 9002-61-3) as shown in Table 2.
To će se ispitivanje osposobljenosti provesti u jednakim uvjetima navedenima u stavcima 38. do 40. izlaganjem stanica sedam rastućih koncentracija jakih, umjerenih i slabih induktora i inhibitora, kao i negativnoj kemikaliji (vidjeti tablicu 2.) Točnije, kemikalije koje treba ispitati uključuju jaki induktor forskolin (br. CAS 66575-29-9), jaki inhibitor prokloraz (br. CAS 67747-09-5), umjereni induktor atrazin (br. CAS 1912-24-9), umjereni inhibitor aminoglutetimid (br. CAS 125-84-8), slabi induktor (proizvodnja hormona E2) i slabi inhibitor (proizvodnja hormona T), bisfenol A (br. CAS 80-05-7) i negativnu kemikaliju humani korionski gonadotropin (HCG) (br CAS 9002-61-3) kako je navedeno u tablici 2.
The media are frozen at – 80 °C until further processing to analyse hormone concentrations (see paragraphs 44-46). While T and E2 in medium kept at – 80 °C are generally stable for at least 3 months, hormone stability during storage should be documented within each laboratory.
Mediji se zamrzavaju pri – 80 °C do daljnje obrade radi analize koncentracija hormona (vidjeti stavke 44. do 46.) Iako su hormoni T i E2 koji se čuvaju u mediju pri – 80 °C u pravilu stabilni najmanje 3 mjeseca, stabilnost hormona tijekom čuvanja treba dokumentirati unutar svakog laboratorija.
Health Perspect., 118:
Health Perspect., 118.:
Mutagen., 41:
Mutagen., 41.: 1.
Mutagen., 34(1):
Mutagen., 34(1): 9.
Sci., 114(1):
Sci., 114(1): 71.
These include: cholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, 17α-pregnenolone,17α-progesterone, deoxycortisol, cortisol, DHEA, androstenedione, oestrone.
To uključuje kolesterol, pregnenolon, progesteron, 11-deoksikortisteron, kortikosteron, aldosteron, 17α-pregnenolon,17α-progesteron, deoksikortizol, kortizol, DHEA, androstenedion, estron.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 901/2014
Provedbena uredba Komisije (EU) br. 901/2014
implementing Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the administrative requirements for the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles
o provedbi Uredbe (EU) br. 168/2013 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća u pogledu administrativnih zahtjeva za homologaciju i nadzor tržišta vozila s dva ili tri kotača i četverocikala
Having regard to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles [1], and in particular Articles 22(7), 27(4), 29(4), 30(2), 30(3), 30(6), 32(1), 38(2), 39(3), 40(4), 50(2), 51(3), 57(8) and Article 72 thereof,
uzimajući u obzir Uredbu (EU) br. 168/2013 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća od 15. siječnja 2013. o homologaciji i nadzoru tržišta vozila na dva ili tri kotača i četverocikala [1], a posebno njezin članak 22. stavak 7., članak 27. stavak 4., članak 29. stavak 4., članak 30. stavke 2., 3. i 6., članak 32. stavak 1., članak 38. stavak 2., članak 39. stavak 3., članak 40. stavak 4., članak 50. stavak 2., članak 51. stavak 3., članak 57. stavak 8. i članak 72.,
In the interest of clarity, predictability, rationality and simplification and in order to reduce the burden on vehicle manufacturers, this Regulation should, being based on existing practice, further simplify and standardise the documents used for type-approval procedures.
U interesu jasnoće, predvidljivosti, racionalnosti i pojednostavnjenja i kako bi se smanjilo opterećenje za proizvođače vozila, ovom bi se Uredbom trebalo, s obzirom na to da je utemeljena na postojećoj praksi, dodatno pojednostavniti i standardizirati dokumente koji se upotrebljavaju za homologacijske postupke.
New technologies have been introduced in vehicles (e.g. electric engines or the application of Euro emission levels) since the templates used for type-approval procedures were drawn up in Directive 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [2].
U vozila su uvedene nove tehnologije (npr. električni motori ili primjena razina emisije Euro) otkad su sastavljeni predlošci za homologacijske postupke sadržani u Direktivi 2002/24/EZ Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća [2].
The templates should be adapted as a result.
Zbog toga bi trebalo prilagoditi predloške.
To ensure that vehicles are constructed so as to remain safe throughout a reasonable period of time, templates should be created for manufacturer’s statements regarding the endurance of functional safety-critical systems, parts and equipment, and vehicle structure integrity, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.
Kako bi se konstrukcijom vozila zajamčila njihova sigurnost tijekom razumnoga vremenskog razdoblja, trebalo bi pripremiti predloške za izjave proizvođača u pogledu izdržljivosti funkcionalne sigurnosti kritičnih sustava, dijelova i opreme te cjelovitosti konstrukcije vozila u skladu s Uredbom (EU) br. 168/2013.
In order to ensure reasonable access for independent operators to vehicle repair information, including information relating to on-board diagnostic systems and their interaction with other vehicle systems, manufacturers shall provide unrestricted access to that information and submit proof of their compliance with that requirement to the approval authorities.
Kako bi neovisnim subjektima osigurali razuman pristup informacijama o popravku i održavanju vozila, uključujući informacije povezane s ugrađenim sustavima dijagnostike i njihovim međudjelovanjem s drugim sustavima vozila, proizvođači moraju osigurati nediskriminirajući pristup tim informacijama i homologacijskom tijelu dostaviti dokaz o njihovoj sukladnosti s tim zahtjevom.
A template for a corresponding manufacturer’s certificate should be laid down.
Trebalo bi utvrditi i predložak za odgovarajuću potvrdu proizvođača.
Three models of a certificate of conformity should be made available, corresponding to the type-approval procedures for complete, completed and incomplete vehicles.
Trebalo bi osigurati tri obrasca potvrde o sukladnosti koji odgovaraju homologacijskim postupcima za potpuna, dovršena i nepotpuna vozila.
To facilitate the conversion of the performance level of subcategories (L3e/L4e)-A2 to (L3e/L4e)-A3 and vice versa, a template for a corresponding manufacturer's statement to be attached to the information folder should be provided for.
Kako bi se olakšala konverzija razine učinka potkategorija (L3e/L4e)-A2 u (L3e/L4e)-A3 i obratno, trebalo bi osigurati predložak za odgovarajuću izjavu proizvođača koju se prilaže opisnoj dokumentaciji.
In addition, some new information and entries in the certificate of conformity should be added and the characteristics of a specific statutory plate for the subcategories concerned should be determined.
Osim toga, potvrdi o sukladnosti trebalo bi dodati nove podatke i stavke te utvrditi značajke određene propisane pločice za predmetne potkategorije.
In accordance with Article 82(2) of Regulation 168/2013 manufacturers may request EU type-approval or national type-approval for new vehicle types under that Regulation already before the application day.
U skladu s člankom 82. stavkom 2. Uredbe (EU) br. 168/2013 proizvođači mogu zatražiti dodjelu EU homologacije ili nacionalne homologacije tipa za novi tip vozila na temelju te Uredbe i prije datuma njezine primjene.
In order to facilitate the early application of that Regulation, it should be allowed to use the template of the certificate of conformity set out in Annex IV to Directive 2002/24/EC until 31 December 2015 under the conditions set out in Article 5(2).
Radi olakšavanja ranije primjene navedene Uredbe, trebalo bi omogućiti upotrebu predloška za potvrdu o sukladnosti iz Priloga IV. Direktivi 2002/24/EZ do 31. prosinca 2015. prema uvjetima iz članka 5. stavka 2.
In order to simplify controls while reducing the administrative burden on manufacturers, the anti-tampering control plate should no longer be required and the relevant information it contained should be included on the statutory plate.
Kako bi se pojednostavnile provjere uz istovremeno smanjenje administrativnog opterećenja proizvođača, kontrolna pločica protiv neovlaštenog zahvata ne bi više trebala biti obvezna, a bitni podaci koje je ona sadržavala trebali bi biti uključeni na propisanu pločicu.
In order to simplify the most common EU type-approval certificate, a new model should be developed exclusively for EU whole-vehicle type-approval of a complete vehicle type, while for the other combinations of vehicle types; a different model of the EU whole-vehicle type-approval certificate should be established.
Kako bi se pojednostavnio najčešći EU certifikat o homologaciji tipa, trebalo bi pripremiti novi obrazac isključivo za EU homologaciju tipa cijelog vozila za potpuni tip vozila, dok bi za ostale kombinacije tipova vozila trebalo ustanoviti različiti obrazac za certifikat o EU homologaciji tipa cijelog vozila.