natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of the results of the study should take into account all available information on the chemical, including physico-chemical, TK and toxicodynamic properties, available relevant information on structural analogues, and results of previously-conducted toxicity studies with the test chemical (e.g. acute toxicity, toxicity after repeated application, mechanistic studies and studies assessing if there are substantial qualitative and quantitative species differences in in vivo/in vitro metabolic properties).
Tumačenjem rezultata studije treba uzeti u obzir sve dostupne informacije o kemikaliji, uključujući fizikalno-kemijska, toksikokinetička i toksikodinamička svojstva, dostupne relevantne informacije o strukturnim analozima te rezultate ranije provedenih studija toksičnosti s ispitivanom kemikalijom (npr. studije akutne toksičnosti, toksičnosti nakon ponovljene primjene i mehanizma te studije kojima se procjenjuje postoje li bitne kvalitativne i kvantitativne razlike među vrstama s obzirom na metabolička svojstva in vivo/in vitro).
Gross necropsy and organ weight results should be assessed in context with observations made in other repeat-dose studies, when feasible.
Po mogućnosti rezultate makroskopske nekropsije i vaganja organa treba procijeniti u kontekstu opažanja iz drugih studija s ponovljenom dozom.
Decreases in offspring growth might be considered in relationship to an influence of the test chemical on milk composition (29).
Usporavanja rasta potomaka moguće je razmotriti u odnosu na utjecaj ispitivane kemikalije na sastav mlijeka (29).
Cohort 2 (Developmental neurotoxicity)
kohorta (razvojna neurotoksičnost)
Neurobehavioral and neuropathology results should be interpreted in the context of all findings, using a weight-of-evidence approach with expert judgment.
Neurobihevioralne i neuropatološke rezultate treba tumačiti u kontekstu svih nalaza na temelju dokaza i stručne prosudbe.
The evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity, including human epidemiological studies or case reports, and experimental animal studies (e.g. toxicokinetic data, structure-activity information, data from other toxicity studies) should be included in this characterisation.
U tu karakterizaciju treba uključiti procjenu razvojne neurotoksičnosti, uključujući epidemiološke studije na ljudima ili izvješća o slučajevima te eksperimentalne studije na životinjama (npr. toksikokinetički podaci, informacije o strukturnoj aktivnosti, podaci iz ostalih studija toksičnosti).
For guidance on the interpretation of developmental neurotoxicity results, refer to test method B.53 (35) and Tyl et al., 2008 (31).
Za smjernice o tumačenju rezultata razvojne neurotoksičnosti vidjeti ispitnu metodu B.53 (35) i Tyl et al., 2008. (31).
Cohort 3 (Developmental immunotoxicity)
kohorta (razvojna imunotoksičnost)
Suppression or enhancement of immune function as assessed by TDAR (T-cell dependent antibody response), should be evaluated in the context of all observations made.
Slabljenje ili poboljšanje imunološke funkcije iz procjene TDAR-a (reakcija antitijela ovisnih o T-stanicama) treba procijeniti u kontekstu svih obavljenih opažanja.
Significance of the outcome of TDAR may be supported by other effects on immunologically-related indicators (e.g. bone marrow cellularity, weight and histopathology of lymphoid tissues, lymphocyte subset distribution).
Značaj ishoda TDAR-a moguće je potvrditi ostalim učincima na imunološki povezane indikatore (npr. celularnost koštane srži), masa i histopatologija limfnih tkiva, distribucija podsustava limfocita).
Effects established by TDAR may be less meaningful in case of other toxicities observed at lower exposure concentrations.
Učinci utvrđeni TDAR-om mogu biti manje značajni u slučaju ostalih uočenih toksičnosti pri nižim koncentracijama izlaganja.
OECD Guidance Document 43 should be consulted for aid in the interpretation of reproduction and neurotoxicity results (26).
Za pomoć pri tumačenju reprodukcije i rezultata neurotoksičnosti (26) treba konzultirati OECD-ovu Smjernicu 43.
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Chapter B.43 of this Annex, Neurotoxicity Study in Rodents
Poglavlje B.43. ovog Priloga, Studija neurotoksičnosti u glodavaca
OECD (2000), Guidance Document on the recognition, assessment, and use of clinical signs as humane endpoints for experimental animals used in safety evaluations, Series on Testing and Assessment, No 19, ENV/JM/MONO(2000)7, OECD, Paris.
OECD (2000.), Guidance Document on the recognition, assessment, and use of clinical signs as humane endpoints for experimental animals used in safety evaluations, Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 19, ENV/JM/MONO(2000)7, OECD, Pariz.
Chapter B.53 of this Annex, Developmental Neurotoxicity Study
Poglavlje B.53. ovog Priloga, Studija razvojne neurotoksičnosti.
Chapter B.54 of this Annex, Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents:
Poglavlje B.54. ovog Priloga, Uterotropni biotest na glodavcima:
A short-term Screening Test for Oestrogenic Properties
Kratkoročni test probira na estrogenska obilježja.
OECD (2009), Guidance Document for Histologic Evaluation of Endocrine and Reproductive Test in Rodents, Series on Testing and Assessment, No 106, OECD, Paris.
OECD (2009.), Guidance Document for Histologic Evalution of Endocrine and Reproductive Test in Rodents, Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 106, OECD, Pariz.
OECD (2011), Guidance Document on the Current Implementation of Internal Triggers in the Extended One Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study in the United States and Canada, Series on Testing and Assessment, No 117, ENV/JM/MONO(2011)21, OECD, Paris.
OECD (2011.), Guidance Document on the Current Implementation of Internal Triggers in the Extended One Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study in the United States and Canada, Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 117, ENV/JM/MONO(2011)21, OECD, Pariz.
Extended One Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study, Series on Testing and Assessment, No 151, OECD, Paris.
151, OECD, Pariz.
Measures and observations included in the functional observational battery (Cohort 2A)
Vrijednosti i opažanja uključeni u funkcionalno-opservacijsku bateriju (kohorta 2.A)
Home Cage & Open Field
Kavez u kojem se drže životinje i otvoreno područje
Manipulative
Manipulativni
Physiologic
Fiziološki
Posture
Držanje
Ease of removal
Lakoća uklanjanja
Involuntary Clonic & Tonic
Nevoljni klonički i tonički pokreti
Ease of handling
Lakoća rukovanja
Palpebral Closure
Zatvaranje kapaka
Muscle Tone
Mišićni tonus
Pupil response
Reakcije zjenica
Piloerection
Piloerekcija
Approach Response
Reakcija na pristupanje
Pupil size
Veličina zjenica
Salivation
Slinjenje
Touch Response
Reakcija na dodir
Lacrimation
Izlučivanje suza
Auditory Response
Reakcija na buku
Vocalisations
Vokalizacije
Tail Pinch Response
Reakcija na štipanje repa
Rearing
Kretanje unatrag
Righting Response
Reakcija na uspravljanje
Gait Abnormalities
Abnormalnosti u hodu
Landing Foot Splay
,Spuštenost stopala'
Arousal
Uzbuđenje
Forelimb Grip Strength
Snaga prednjih udova
Stereotypy
Stereotipi
Hindlimb Grip Strength
Snaga stražnjih udova
Bizarre Behaviour
Neobično ponašanje
Stains
Mrlje
Respiratory Abnormalities
Respiratorne abnormalnosti
A substance or a mixture.
Tvar ili smjesa.
Any substance or mixture tested using this test method.
Sve tvari ili smjese koje se ispituju tom ispitnom metodom.
B.57 H295R STEROIDOGENESIS ASSAY
B.57. TEST STEROIDOGENEZE H295R
This test method is equivalent to OECD Test Guideline (TG) 456 (2011).
Ova je ispitna metoda istovjetna Smjernici za ispitivanje OECD-a TG 456 (2011.).
The OECD initiated a high-priority activity in 1998 to revise existing, and to develop new, test guidelines for the screening and testing of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals.
OECD je u 1998. pokrenuo aktivnost visokog prioriteta revizije postojećih i razvoja novih smjernica za ispitivanje za probir i ispitivanje potencijalnih endokrino disruptivnih kemikalija.
The 2002 OECD Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals comprises five levels, each level corresponding to a different level of biological complexity (1).
OECD-ov konceptualni okvir za ispitivanje i procjenu endokrino disruptivnih kemikalija iz 2002. sastoji se od pet razina, pri čemu svaka razina odgovara drugoj razini biološke složenosti (1).
The in vitro H295R Steroidogenesis Assay (H295R) described in this test method utilises a human adreno-carcinoma cell line (NCI-H295R cells) and constitutes a level 2 “in vitro assay, providing mechanistic data”, to be used for screening and prioritisation purposes.
U testu steroidogeneze H295R in vitro koji se opisuje ovom ispitnom metodom upotrebljava se stanična linija humanog adrenokarcinoma (stanice NCI-H295R), a on predstavlja 2. liniju ‚testa in vitro kojim se dobivaju mehanički podaci’ koje treba upotrebljavati kod probira i rangiranja.
Development and standardisation of the assay as a screen for chemical effects on steroidogenesis, specifically the production of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T), was carried out in a multi–step process.
Razvoj i standardizacija testa kao probira za kemijske učinke steroidogeneze, osobito na proizvodnju 17β-estradiola (E2) i testosterona (T), provedeni su u nekoliko faza.
The H295R assay has been optimised and validated (2) (3) (4) (5).
Test H295R optimiziran je i validiran (2) (3) (4) (5).
The objective of the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay is to detect chemicals that affect production of E2 and T. The H295R assay is intended to identify xenobiotics that have as their target site(s) the endogenous components that comprise the intracellular biochemical pathway beginning with the sequence of reactions from cholesterol to the production of E2 and/or T. The H295R assay is not intended to identify chemicals that affect steroidogenesis due to effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.
Cilj je testa steroidogeneze H295R otkriti kemikalije koje utječu na proizvodnju hormona E2 i T. Test H295R namijenjen je otkrivanju ksenobiotika čija su ciljna mjesta endogene komponente koje predstavljaju međustanični biokemijski put koji počinje od niza reakcija od kolesterola do proizvodnje hormona E2 i/ili T. Test H295R nije namijenjen otkrivanju kemikalija koje utječu na steroidogenezu zbog učinaka na os hipotalamus-hipofiza-gonada.
The goal of the assay is to provide a YES/NO answer with regard to the potential of a chemical to induce or inhibit the production of T and E2;
Cilj je testa pružiti odgovor DA/NE s obzirom na potencijal kemikalije da potakne ili spriječi proizvodnju hormona T i E2.
however, quantitative results may be obtained in some cases (see paragraphs 53 and 54).
Međutim, u nekim je slučajevima moguće dobiti kvantitativne rezultate.
The results of the assay are expressed as relative changes in hormone production compared with the solvent controls (SCs).
Rezultati testa izražavaju se kao relativne promjene u proizvodnji hormona u usporedbi s kontrolama otapala.
The assay does not aim to provide specific mechanistic information concerning the interaction of the test chemical with the endocrine system.
Cilj testa nije pružanje specifičnih mehaničkih podataka o interakciji ispitivane kemikalije i endokrinog sustava.
Research has been conducted using the cell line to identify effects on specific enzymes and intermediate hormones such as progesterone (2).
Istraživanja su provedena upotrebom stanične linije za utvrđivanje učinaka na specifične enzime i hormone posrednike poput progesterona (2).
Definitions and abbreviations used in this test method are described in the Appendix.
Definicije i kratice upotrijebljene u ovoj ispitnoj metodi opisuju se u Dodatku. Detaljan protokol, uključujući upute za pripremanje otopina, kultiviranje stanica i provođenje raznih aspekata ispitivanja, dostupan je kao dodaci I–III.
A detailed protocol including instructions on how to prepare solutions, cultivate cells and perform various aspects of the test is available as Appendix I-III to the OECD document “Multi-Laboratory Validation of the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay to Identify Modulators of Testosterone and Estradiol Production” (4).
OECD-ova dokumenta,Višelaboratorijska validacija testa steroidogeneze H295R radi utvrđivanja modulatora proizvodnje testosterona i estradiola (4).
Five different enzymes catalysing six different reactions are involved in sex steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Pet različitih enzima koji kataliziraju šest različitih reakcija uključeno je u biosintezu spolnog steroidnog hormona.
Enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A) constitutes the initial step in a series of biochemical reactions that culminate in synthesis of steroid end-products.
Enzimatska konverzija kolesterola u pregnenolon s pomoću enzima odvajanja bočnog lanca kolesterola (CYP11A) citokroma P450 (CYP) predstavlja prvi korak u nizu biokemijskih reakcija čiji je vrhunac sinteza steroidnih krajnjih proizvoda.
Depending upon the order of the next two reactions, the steroidogenic pathway splits into two paths, the Δ5-hydroxysteroid pathway and Δ4-ketosteroid pathway, which converge in the production of androstenedione (Figure 1).
Ovisno o redu sljedeće dvije reakcije, steroidogenski put dijeli se na dva puta, put Δ5-hidroksisteroida i put Δ4-ketosteroida koji se približavaju kod proizvodnje androstendiona (slika 1.).
Androstenedione is converted to testosterone (T) by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD).
Androstendion se pretvara u testosteron (T) s pomoću 17β-hidroksisteroid-dehidrogenaze (17β-HSD).
Testosterone is both an intermediate and end-hormone product.
Testosteron je i hormon posrednik i krajnji hormonom.
In the male, T can be converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5α-reductase, which is found in the cellular membranes, nuclear envelope, and endoplasmic reticulum of target tissues of androgenic action such as prostate and seminal vesicles.
U mužjaka se može pretvoriti u dihidrotestosteron (DHT) s pomoću 5α-reduktaze, koja se nalazi u staničnim membranama, jezgrenoj ovojnici i endoplazmatskom retikulumu ciljnih tkiva androgenskog djelovanja poput prostate i sjemenih vezikula.