natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The report should include the total number of plaque-forming units (pfu) or colony-forming units (cfu), the number of mutants, and the mutant frequency for each tissue from each animal.
Izvješće bi trebalo uključivati ukupni broj jedinica koje stvaraju plakove (PFU) ili jedinica koje stvaraju koloniju (CFU), broj mutanata i učestalost mutacija za svako tkivo svake životinje.
If there are multiple packaging/rescue reactions, the number of reactions per DNA sample should be reported.
Postoje li višestruke reakcije u vezi s pakiranjem/spašavanjem, treba izvijestiti o broju reakcija po uzorku DNK-a.
While data for each individual reaction should be retained, only the total pfu or cfu need be reported.
Dok podatke za svaku pojedinu reakciju treba zadržati, potrebno je izvijestiti o ukupnom pfu-u ili cfu-u.
Data on toxicity and clinical signs as per paragraph 34 should be reported.
Treba izvijestiti o podacima o toksičnosti i kliničkim znakovima u skladu sa stavkom 34.
Any sequencing results should be presented for each mutant analysed, and resulting mutation frequency calculations for each animal and tissue should be shown.
Svi rezultati u vezi sa sekvenciranjem trebali bi se predstaviti za svakog analiziranog mutanta te treba prikazati i vezane izračune o učestalosti mutacije za svaku životinju i tkivo.
Statistical Evaluation and Interpretation of Results
Statističko vrednovanje i tumačenje rezultata
There are several criteria for determining a positive result, such as a dose-related increase in the mutant frequency, or a clear increase in the mutant frequency in a single dose group compared to the solvent/vehicle control group.
Postoji više kriterija za utvrđivanje pozitivnog rezultata, kao na primjer povećanje učestalosti mutacije povezano s dozom ili jasno povećanje učestalosti mutacije utvrđeno kod skupine na koju je primijenjena samo jedna doza, u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom otapala/nosača.
At least three treated dose groups should be analysed in order to provide sufficient data for dose-response analysis.
Treba analizirati barem tri skupine tretirane dozom da bi se prikupili odgovarajući podaci za analizu doze i odgovora.
While biological relevance of the results should be the primary consideration, appropriate statistical methods may be used as an aid in evaluating the test results (4) (14) (15) (25) (26).
Dok bi biološki značaj rezultata trebao biti od primarne važnosti, mogu se upotrebljavati odgovarajuće statističke metode kao pomoć u procjeni rezultata ispitivanja (4) (14) (15) (25) (26).
Statistical tests used should consider the animal as the experimental unit.
Upotrijebljena statistička ispitivanja trebala bi obuhvaćati životinju kao eksperimentalnu jedinicu.
A test chemical for which the results do not meet the above criteria in any tissue is considered non-mutagenic in this assay.
Ispitivana tvar čija ispitivanja ne ispunjavaju gornje kriterije u ovom se sustavu ne smatra mutagenom.
For biological relevance of a negative result, tissue exposure should be confirmed.
Treba zadržati i mogućnost negativne pričuve.
For DNA sequencing analyses, a number of statistical approaches are available to assist in interpreting the results (1) (5) (9) (19).
Za analize sekvenciranja DNK-a dostupno je nekoliko statističkih pristupa za pomoć u tumačenju rezultata (1) (5) (9) (19).
Consideration of whether the observed values are within or outside of the historical control range can provide guidance when evaluating the biological significance of the response (32).
Razmatranja o tome jesu li primijećene vrijednosti unutar ili izvan povijesnog kontrolnog raspona može pomoći kod usmjeravanja pri procjeni biološkog značaja odgovora (32).
identification data and CAS no, if known;
identifikacijski podaci i broj CAS, ako su raspoloživi,
source, lot number if available;
izvor, broj lota ako je dostupan,
physical nature and purity;
fizikalna priroda i čistoća,
physiochemical properties relevant to the conduct of the study;
fizikalno-kemijska svojstva relevantna za provođenje istraživanja,
stability of the test chemical, if known;
stabilnost ispitivane kemikalije u otapalu, ako je poznata.
Solvent/vehicle:
Otapalo/nosač
justification for choice of vehicle;
opravdanost odabira nosača,
solubility and stability of the test chemical in the solvent/vehicle, if known;
topljivost i stabilnost ispitivane kemikalije u otapalu/nosaču, ako je poznata,
preparation of dietary, drinking water or inhalation formulations;
priprema prehrambenih pripravaka, pitke vode ili inhalacijskih pripravaka,
analytical determinations on formulations (e.g. stability, homogeneity, nominal concentrations);
analitička određivanja pripravaka (tj. stabilnost, homogenost, nominalne koncentracije).
species/strain used and justification for the choice;
vrste i soj te obrazloženje njihova odabira,
source, housing conditions, diet, etc.;
podrijetlo, uvjeti smještaja, prehrana itd.,
individual weight of the animals at the start of the test, including body weight range, mean and standard deviation for each group;
pojedinačna tjelesna masa životinja na početku ispitivanja, uključujući raspon tjelesnih masa, srednje i standardno odstupanje za svaku skupinu.
positive and negative (vehicle/solvent) control data;
podaci o pozitivnim i negativnim kontrolama (nosač/otapalo),
data from the range-finding study;
podaci iz ispitivanja za određivanje raspona,
details of test chemical preparation;
pojedinosti o pripremi kemikalija za ispitivanje,
rationale for route of administration;
podloge za odabir puta primjene,
methods for measurement of animal toxicity, including, where available, histopathological or haematological analyses and the frequency with which animal observations and body weights were taken;
metode mjerenja toksičnosti životinje, uključujući, kada je dostupno, histopatološke ili hematološke analize i učestalost kojom je obavljano promatranje i vaganje životinje,
methods for verifying that the test chemical reached the target tissue, or general circulation, if negative results are obtained;
metode provjere dosega ispitne kemikalije u ciljno tkivo, ili općenite cirkulacije, ako se dobiju negativni rezultati,
actual dose (mg/kg body weight/day) calculated from diet/drinking water test chemical concentration (ppm) and consumption, if applicable;
stvarna doza (mg/kg tjelesne mase/dan) i faktor za preračunavanje koncentracije ispitivane tvari u hrani/vodi za piće (ppm) u stvarnu dozu i prehrana, ako je primjenjivo,
details of food and water quality;
podaci o kvaliteti hrane i vode,
detailed description of treatment and sampling schedules and justifications for the choices;
iscrpni opis tretmana i rasporeda uzimanja uzoraka i opravdanje za odabire,
method of euthanasia;
metoda eutanazije,
procedures for isolating and preserving tissues;
postupak izdvajanja i očuvanja tkiva,
methods for isolation of rodent genomic DNA, rescuing the transgene from genomic DNA, and transferring transgenic DNA to a bacterial host;
metode izoliranja genomskog DNK-a glodavca, spašavanje transgena iz genomskog DNK-a i prenošenje transgenskog DNK-a u bakteriju domaćina,
source and lot numbers of all cells, kits and reagents (where applicable);
izvor i brojevi lota svih stanica, opreme i reagensa (ako je primjenjivo),
methods for enumeration of mutants;
metode popisivanja mutanata,
methods for molecular analysis of mutants and use in correcting for clonality and/or calculating mutation frequencies, if applicable;
metode molekularne analize mutanata i upotreba u ispravljanju za klonalitet i/ili izračunavanje učestalosti mutacija, ako je primjenjivo.
Results:
Rezultati
animal condition prior to and throughout the test period, including signs of toxicity;
stanje životinje prije i tijekom razdoblja ispitivanja, uključujući i znakove toksičnosti,
body and organ weights at sacrifice;
mase tijela i organa prije žrtvovanja,
for each tissue/animal, the number of mutants, number of plaques or colonies evaluated, mutant frequency;
za svako tkivo/životinju, broj mutanata, broj procijenjenih plakova ili kolonija, učestalost mutacije,
for each tissue/animal group, number of packaging reactions per DNA sample, total number of mutants, mean mutant frequency, standard deviation;
za svaku skupinu tkiva/životinje, broj reakcija pakiranja po uzorku DNK-a, ukupni broj mutanata, prosječna učestalost mutacije, standardno odstupanje,
dose-response relationship, where possible;
odnos doza i reakcija, ako je moguće,
for each tissue/animal, the number of independent mutants and mean mutation frequency, where molecular analysis of mutations was performed;
za svako tkivo/životinju, broj neovisnih mutanata i prosječna učestalost mutacije, kada je provedena molekularna analiza mutacija,
concurrent and historical negative control data with ranges, means and standard deviations;
paralelni podaci i podaci o negativnim kontrolama iz prijašnjih ispitivanja s rasponima, srednjim vrijednostima i standardnim odstupanjima,
concurrent positive control (or non-concurrent DNA positive control) data;
podaci paralelne pozitivne kontrole (ili neparalelne pozitivne kontrole DNK-a),
analytical determinations, if available (e.g. DNA concentrations used in packaging, DNA sequencing data);
analitička određivanja, ako su dostupna (tj. koncentracije DNK-a koje se upotrebljavaju u pakiranju, podaci o sekvenciranju DNK-a),
statistical analyses and methods applied;
primijenjene statističke analize i metode.
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Administration period
Razdoblje primjene
the total period during which an animal is dosed.
ukupno razdoblje tijekom kojeg se doza primjenjuje na životinju.
Base pair substitution
Supstitucija baznog para
a type of mutation that causes the replacement of a single DNA nucleotide base with another DNA nucleotide base.
vrsta mutacije koja uzrokuje zamjenu jedinstvene nukleotidne baze DNK-a drugom nukleotidnom bazom DNK-a.
Capsid
Kapsid
the protein shell that surrounds a virus particle.
omotač od proteina koji obavija česticu virusa.
a substance or a mixture.
tvar ili smjesa.
Clonal expansion
Klonalno širenje
the production of many cells from a single (mutant) cell.
proizvodnja više stanica iz jedne (mutirane) stanice.
Colony-forming unit (cfu)
Jedinica koja stvara koloniju (CFU)
a measure of viable bacterial numbers.
mjera održivog broja bakterija.
Concatamer
Konkatamer
a long continuous biomolecule composed of multiple identical copies linked in series.
duga neprekinuta biomolekula sastavljena od višestrukih identičnih preslika povezanih u seriju.
a 12-nucleotide segment of single-stranded DNA that exists at both ends of the bacteriophage lambda's double-stranded genome.
ukleotidni segment jednolančanog DNK-a koji postoji na oba kraja bakteriofaga dvolančanoga genoma lambde.
Deletion
Brisanje
a mutation in which one or more (sequential) nucleotides is lost by the genome.
mutacija zbog koje genom gubi jedan ili više (slijednih) nukleotida.
Electroporation
Elektroporacija
the application of electric pulses to increase the permeability of cell membranes.
primjena električnih impulsa da bi se povećala nepropusnost staničnih membrana.
Endogenous gene
Endogeni gen
a gene native to the genome.
gen koji je svojstven genomu.
Extrabinomial variation
Ekstrabinomijalna varijacija
greater variability in repeat estimates of a population proportion than would be expected if the population had a binomial distribution.
veća varijabilnost u ponovljenim procjenama udjela populacije nego što bi se očekivalo da populacija ima binomijalnu distribuciju.
Frameshift mutation
Pomak okvira mutacija
a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of a number of nucleotides that is not evenly divisible by three within a DNA sequence that codes for a protein/peptide.
genetska mutacija koju uzrokuju unošenja ili brisanja određenog broja nukleotida koji nije jednomjerno djeljiv s tri unutar slijeda DNK-a koji je kodiran za protein/peptid.
Insertion
Unošenje
the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
dodavanje jednog ili više baznih parova nukleotida u slijed DNK-a.
a large number of mutants that arose through clonal expansion from a single mutation.
velik broj mutanata koji se pojavljuju kolonijalnim širenjem iz jedinstvene mutacije.
Large deletions
Velika brisanja
deletions in DNA of more than several kilobases (which are effectively detected with the Spi- selection and the lacZ plasmid assays).
brisanja u DNK-a više od nekoliko kilobaza (koja se učinkovito otkrivaju odabirom Spi – i lacZ plazmidnim analizama.).
Ligation
Ligacija
the covalent linking of two ends of DNA molecules using DNA ligase.
kovalentno povezivanje dva kraja molekula DNK-a s pomoću ligacije DNK-a.
a chemical that stimulates a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis (i.e. cell division).
kemikalija koja potiče stanicu na započinjanje stanične podjele te tako potiče mitozu (tj. podjelu stanice).
Neutral gene
Neutralni gen
a gene that is not affected by positive or negative selective pressures.
gen na koji ne utječu ni pozitivni ni negativni selektivni pritisci.
the synthesis of infective phage particles from a preparation of phage capsid and tail proteins and a concatamer of phage DNA molecules.
sinteza infektivnih čestica faga iz pripravka kapsida faga i rubnih proteina i konkatamera faga molekule DNK-a.
Commonly used to package DNA cloned onto a lambda vector (separated by cos sites) into infectious lambda particles.
Obično se upotrebljava da bi se grupirao DNK kloniran na lambda vektor (razdvojena cos sites) u infektivne lambda čestice.
Packaging efficiency
Učinkovitost pakiranja
the efficiency with which packaged bacteriophages are recovered in host bacteria.
učinkovitost kojom se pakirani bakteriofazi regeneriraju u bakteriji domaćinu.
Plaque forming unit (pfu)
Jedinica koja stvara plakove (PFU)
a measure of viable bacteriophage numbers.
mjera održivog broja bakteriofaga.
Point mutation
Točkasta mutacija