natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Movement of vehicles along similar trajectories causes additional compaction in the wheel zone.
Uslijed kretanja vozila po otprilike istoj putanji dolazi do dodatnog zbijanja u zoni kotača.
The contribution of rutting caused by additional compaction of material in the wheels trajectory zone in the overall amount of rutting is relatively small.
Kolotrazi uzrokovani dodatnim zbijanjem materijala u području traga kotača imaju relativno mali doprinos u ukupnoj pojavi kolotraga.
The rutting is a direct indicator of asphalt behaviour under load, as related to temperature conditions during pavement use.
Kolotraženje je direktan pokazatelj ponašanja asfalta pod prometnim opterećenjem ovisno o temperaturnim uvjetima tijekom uporabe u kolniku.
Numerous and highly varied defects occur during the service life of transport facilities.
Tijekom uporabnog vijeka dolazi do pojave brojnih oštećenja raznih tipova.
placing temperature, humidity of air and humidity at the
- uvjeti izvođenja sustava: temperatura ugradnje, vlažnost
base, and asphalt compaction energy and procedure.
zraka i podloge te energija i postupak zbijanja asfalta.
The principal cause of rutting in waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems, which occurs after increasingly shorter exploitation times, is certainly the increase in number of trucks and the increase in axial load values, as registered over the past fifteen years [11].
Kao glavni uzrok zašto se kolotrazi na sustavu hidroizolacijaasfaltni kolnik pojavljuju u sve kraćem uporabnom razdoblju, svakako je porast broja kamiona i povećanje osovinskog opterećenja u posljednjih petnaest godina [11].
3. Testing resistance to rutting
3. Ispitivanje otpornosti na kolotraženje
The laboratory testing was conducted according to standard methods in order to determine behaviour of elements of the waterproofing - asphalt pavement system, and behaviour of the system as a whole, and also to establish the theses for a new approach.
Da bi se utvrdilo ponašanje elemenata sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik i sustava u cjelini te postavile smjernice novog pristupa, provedena su laboratorijska ispitivanja prema normiranim metodama.
The first part of investigations comprised optimisation of properties of the asphalt concrete specimen, namely the voids content and the depth and rate of rutting development; the second part of investigations was aimed at determining rutting resistance of the waterproofing - asphalt pavement system.
Prvi dio istraživanja obuhvaća optimiziranje svojstava asfaltnog uzorka tipa asfaltbeton i to udio šupljina, dubina i brzina nastanka kolotraga, dok je u drugom dijelu izvršeno određivanje otpornosti sustava hidroizolacija - asfalt na pojavu kolotraga.
According to the testing method compliant with the standard HRN EN 12697-22 [12], the wheel load on asphalt surface amounts to 700 N, the wheel trajectory length for rutting measurements amounts to 230 mm, and the frequency of wheel load application is 26.5 passes/minute.
Prema ispitnoj metodi sukladno normi HRN EN 12697-22 [12], opterećenje kotača na asfaltnu površinu iznosi 700 N, duljina mjerne putanje kotača na kojoj se registrira kolotrag iznosi 230 mm, a frekvencija nanošenja opterećenja kotača na asfalt je 26,5 prelazaka u minuti.
The testing temperature during the rutting cycle, as well as the temperature of the previously heated testing specimen, amounts to 60ºC; and the complete rutting procedure comprises 20,000 passes of the testing wheel.
Temperatura ispitivanja tijekom ciklusa kolotraženja kao i prethodno temperiranog ispitnog uzorka iznosi 60ºC, a cjelokupan postupak kolotraženja obuhvaća 20.000 prelazaka ispitnog kotača.
The testing of permanent deformation according to the rutting procedure is preceded by determination of the thickness, density, and voids content of the tested specimen.
Ispitivanju trajne deformacije postupkom kolotraženja prethodi određivanje debljine, gustoće i udjela šupljina ispitnog uzorka.
Once the specimen is fixed to the testing mould, the specimen is conditioned in the thermal chamber of the rutting device, and the mould containing the specimen is placed onto the moving testing table.
Nakon učvršćivanja uzorka u kalup za ispitivanje, slijedi kondicioniranje uzorka u temperaturnoj komori uređaja za kolotraženje te postavljanje kalupa s uzorkom na hodnu ploču za ispitivanje.
The testing starts by adjusting parameters of the test cycle monitoring programme and by setting the device to perform the rutting procedure through repeated passes of the testing wheel.
Ispitivanje počinje podešavanjem parametara u programu za praćenje tijekom ispitnog ciklusa i puštanja uređaja u postupak kolotraženja opetovanim prolaskom ispitnog kotača.
Upon completion of the testing (20,000 wheel passes - 10,000 cycles), the maximum rut depth (RD20000) is read from the rutting curve, and the rutting speed (WTSAIR) and relative maximum rut depth (PRDAIR) values are calculated using the following equations (1) and (2):
Nakon završetka ispitivanja (20 000 prelazaka kotača - 10 000 ciklusa), iz krivulje kolotraženja očitava se maksimalna dubina kolotraga (RD20000), izračunava brzina kolotraženja (WTSZRAK) i relativna maksimalna dubina kolotraga (PRDZRAK) prema sljedećim izrazima (1) i (2):
AIR= 20000
ZRAK= 20000
WTSAIR - is the speed of rutting, [mm/1000 cycles] RD20000 - is the rut depth (after 20,000 passages), [mm] RD10000 - is the rut depth (after 10,000 passages) , [mm] h
WTSZRAK - brzina kolotraženja, [mm/1000 ciklusa] RD20000 - dubina kolotraga nakon 20.000 prelazaka, [mm] RD10000 - dubina kolotraga nakon 10.000 prelazaka, [mm] h
- is the height (thickness) of tested sample, [mm] PRDZRAK - is the relative maximum rut depth, [%]
- visina (debljina) ispitnog uzorka, [mm] PRDZRAK - relativna maksimalna dubina kolotraga, [%]
Optimisation of asphalt sample properties
Optimiziranje svojstava asfaltnog uzorka
Asphalt specimens placed by roller compactor into steel moulds measuring 305x305x50 mm were tested for permanent deformation according to the rutting method, in a small-size device (Figure 4) using the procedure B (in air).
Uzorci asfalta ugrađeni valjkastim zbijačem u čelične kalupe, unutarnjih dimenzija 305x305x50 mm, ispitani su na trajnu deformaciju metodom kolotraženja, uređajem (slika 4.) malih dimenzija, postupkom B (u zraku).
The soluble bitumen content was determined by extracting the asphalt mixture dissolved in trichloroethylene by means of the asphalt analyser, and the grain size distribution was determined.
Ekstrakcijom na asfaltanalizatoru u trikloretilenu otopljene asfaltne mješavine određen je topivi udio bitumena te je utvrđen granulometrijski sastav.
The standard paving bitumen type BIT 50/70, and the polymer modified bitumen type PmB 45/80-65, were used as binders of stone material contained in the asphalt mixture.
Kao vezivo kamenog materijala u asfaltnoj mješavini korišteni su standardni cestograđevni bitumen tipa BIT 50/70 i polimerom modificirani bitumen tipa PmB 45/80-65.
Laboratory asphalt mixer
Laboratorijska miješalica za asfalt
Roller compactor for compacting asphalt course in the mould
Valjkasti zbijač asfaltnog sloja u kalup
Fig. 4.
Slika 4.
"Wheel Tracker" rutting device
Uređaj za kolotraženje "Wheel Tracker"
The bulk density of asphalt specimens (ρAU) and asphalt mixture density (ρAM) values are needed for calculating the voids content CŠ/AU of the asphalt specimen, in compliance with the standard HRN EN 12697-8 [13]:
Za izračun volumnog udjela šupljina (zraka) CŠ/AU u asfaltnom uzorku prema HRN EN 12697-8 [13] potrebni su podaci o prostornoj masi asfaltnog uzorka (ρAU) te o gustoći asfaltne mješavine (ρAM):
The composition of the first asphalt mixture (AM1) was characterised by a higher content of filler (10,7 %) and a low content of bitumen (3,6 %), and so a high voids content was registered (8,2 %).
Sastav prve asfaltne mješavine (AM1) bio je s povećanim udjelom punila (10,7 %) i niskim udjelom bitumena (3,6 %), pa je utvrđen visok udio šupljina (8,2 %).
Although a good resistance to rutting was achieved, the mixture was still too stiff.
Unatoč postignutoj dobroj otpornosti na kolotraženje, radi se o krutoj mješavini pa je trebalo izraditi drugu AM2 izmijenjenog sastava.
For that reason, another
Umiješane su
Composition of asphalt mixtures and properties of relevant asphalt specimens and courses
Sastav asfaltnih mješavina i svojstva pripadnih asfaltnih uzoraka i slojeva
Two asphalt mixtures with the same rock skeleton were mixed: the first one (AM2/1) with an increased content of bitumen (7,0 %), and the second one (AM2/2) with a regular content of bitumen (5,1 %).
dvije asfaltne mješavine istog kamenog skeleta, prva (AM2/1) s povećanim udjelom bitumena (7,0 %) i druga mješavina AM2/2 s normalnim udjelom bitumena (5,1 %).
The test specimen made of the mixture AM2/1 showed a low voids content (2,0 %), while the specimen made of the mixture AM2/2 showed an appropriate voids content (5,0 %).
Kod AM2/1 utvrđen je nizak udio šupljina (2,0 %) u pokusnom asfaltnom uzorku, dok je kod AM2/2 utvrđen odgovarajući udio šupljina (5,0 %).
It was determined that the asphalt mixture AM2/1 had a poor resistance to rutting due to the high bitumen content (28 % higher RD, and 27 % higher PRD), while the asphalt mixture AM2/2 was resistant to rutting.
Asfaltna mješavina AM2/1 pokazala se slabo otpornom na pojavu kolotraga zbog visokog udjela bitumena (28 % veći RD odnosno 27 % veći PRD), dok se mješavina AM2/2 pokazala otpornom na kolotraženje.
In both asphalt mixtures, the filler content was higher than could be expected for this type of asphalt concrete.
Kod obje asfaltne mješavine je udio punila bio nešto viši od uobičajenog za ovaj tip asfaltbetona.
The production of an optimum asphalt mixture type AC 11 (AM3) was attempted based on the collected data, with the filler content amounting to 8,2 % and the bitumen content amounting to 5.1 %; an appropriate voids content was achieved (5,3 %), and the determined rut depths met requirements (RD = 2,3mm; PRD = 4,6 %), which also applies to the deformation rate (WTS = 0,06 mm/103 cycles).
Temeljem prikupljenih podataka pristupilo se izradi optimalne asfaltne mješavine tipa asfaltbeton AC 11 (AM3) s udjelom punila (8,2 %) i bitumena (5,1 %) te je postignut odgovarajući udio šupljina (5,3 %) i utvrđene su zadovoljavajuće dubine kolotraga (RD = 2,3mm; PRD = 4,6 %) i brzina prirasta deformacije (WTS = 0,06 mm/103 ciklusa).
Asphalt course rutting depending on the content of bitumen and voids in asphalt mixture
Kolotraženje asfaltnog sloja u ovisnosti o udjelu bitumena i udjelu šupljina
The composition and properties of asphalt mixtures (AM) type AC (asphalt concrete) are presented in Table 1.
U tablici 1. prikazane su utvrđene vrijednosti sastava i svojstava asfaltnih mješavina (AM) tipa asfaltbeton (AC).
Physicomechanical properties were determined on the corresponding Marshall asphalt specimen, while rutting resistance values were determined on the test specimen of asphalt formed in the mould.
Fizikalno-mehanička svojstva su utvrđena na pripadnom Marshallovom asfaltnom uzorku, a vrijednosti parametara otpornosti na kolotraženje su određene na ispitnom sloju ugrađenog asfaltnog uzorka u kalupu.
Rutting depth variations (RD = maximum rutting depth, and PRD = relative maximum rutting depth) in asphalt courses, depending on bitumen content in asphalt mixture, and voids content in the compacted course, are graphically presented in Figure 5.
Na slici 5. grafički je prikazano kretanje vrijednosti dubine kolotraga (RD-maksimalna dubina kolotraga i PRD-relativna maksimalna dubina kolotraga) asfaltnog sloja s promjenom udjela bitumena u asfaltnoj mješavini i udjela šupljina u zbijenom sloju.
An optimum asphalt mixture type AC 11 (AM3), with an adequate standard grading, contained 5,1 % of bitumen and 5,3 % of voids.
Optimalna asfaltna mješavina tipa asfaltbeton AC 11 (AM3) odgovarjućega granulometrijskog sastava sadržava 5,1 % bitumena i 5,3 % šupljina.
Once the rutting resistance of the optimised asphalt mixture AM3 was confirmed, alternative solutions of waterproofing - asphalt systems were developed in order to conduct the rutting resistance testing.
Nakon potvrđivanja otpornosti na kolotraženje optimizirane asfaltne mješavine AM3, pristupilo se izradi varijantnih rješenja sustava hidroizolacija - asfalt, koji će se ispitati na kolotraženje.
alternative specimens (P),
varijantna uzorka (P)
- single-layer bitumen plastomer strip on four alternative
- jednoslojna bitumenska plastomerna traka na četiri
specimens (HI), and
varijantna uzorka (HI)
- double-layer bitumen plastomer strip on one alternative
- dvoslojna bitumenska plastomerna traka na jednom
specimen (HII).
varijantnom uzorku (HII).
Asphalt course/courses of different thicknesses (28-54 mm), with paving bitumen BIT 50/70 and polymer modified bitumen PmB 45/80-65, were laid on concrete slabs in testing
U ispitne kalupe na betonske ploče s nanesenim određenim tipom hidroizolacije ugrađen je asfaltni sloj/slojevi različitih
Designation
Oznaka sustava
Bitumen Waterproofing type
Tip brtvenog sloja
Course compact min 98 [%]
Zbijenost sloja min 98 [%]
Voids content in the course 3,5-8 [%]
Udio šupljina u sloju 3,5-8 [%]
Rut depth
Dubina kolotraga
Relative depth
Relativna dubina
Formation speed
Brzina nastanka
WTSAIR
WTSZRAK
max 0,07 [mm/103cycles]
max 0,07 [mm/103Ci]
BIT 50/70 polyurethane
BIT 50/70 poliuretan
30+30(BIT)+2(P) BIT 50/70 polyurethane
30+30(BIT)+2(P) BIT 50/70 poliuretan
Values of rutting parameters for the waterproofing - asphalt pavement system
Vrijednosti parametara kolotraženja sedam tipov sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik
Seven system types (WVI-WXII) were prepared with an optimum asphalt mixture (AM3), and the rutting resistance was tested using the Wheel Tracker device.
debljina (28 - 54 mm) s cestograđevnim bitumenom BIT 50/70 i polimerom modificiranim bitumenom PmB 45/80 - 65.
Rutting parameters (RD/PRD/WTS) for seven different types of waterproofing - asphalt course systems for bridges, with the determined properties of asphalt courses, are presented in Table 2.
Pripremljeno je sedam tipova sustava (WVI-WXII) s optimalnom asfaltnom mješavinom (AM3), koji su ispitani na kolotraženje uređajem Wheel Tracker.
The determined rutting resistance values are satisfactory for one system only (WXII): 54 mm of asphalt with the polymer bitumen on 8 mm of the bitumen strip waterproofing placed in a single layer.
Utvrđene vrijednosti otpornosti na kolotraženje zadovoljavaju samo na jednom sustavu (WXII) gdje je 54 mm asfalta s polimernim bitumenom na 8 mm jednoslojne hidroizolacije bitumenskom trakom.
The lowest rutting resistance was registered at the system (WXI): 29 mm of asphalt with the polymer bitumen on 8 mm of the single-layer bitumen strip waterproofing.
Najniža otpornost na kolotraženje utvrđena je na sustavu (WXI) gdje je 29 mm asfalta s polimernim bitumenom na 8 mm jednoslojne hidroizolacije bitumenskom trakom.
The obtained results point to a high significance of technological thickness of asphalt courses.
Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na vrlo velik utjecaj tehnološke debljine asfaltnog sloja.
The asphalt is placed at the equiviscous temperature of bitumen (if PmB is used as binder, the temperature is even higher), and the penetration of bitumen mortar from the waterproofing occurs at the asphalt placing temperature.
Asfalt se ugrađuje na ekviviskoznoj temperaturi bitumena (ako je vezivo PmB, ona je još viša), a na ugradbenim temperaturama asfalta dolazi do penetriranja bitumenskog morta iz brtvenog sloja hidroizolacije.
In case of fine-grained asphalt courses placed in the thicknesses of less than the minimum technological thickness (WXI) a significant filling of stone skeleton with bitumen mortar occurs during the placing, which results in poor resistance to rutting.
Kod sitnozrnatog asfaltnog sloja izvedenog ispod minimalne tehnološke debljine (WXI) tijekom ugradnje dolazi do visokog stupnja zapunjavanja kamenog skeleta bitumenskim mortom, što uzrokuje malu otpornost sloja na pojavu kolotraga.
Rutting depth parameters (RD/PRD) for seven different types of waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems on the concrete deck are presented in Figure 6.
Na slici 6. grafički su prikazani parametari dubine kolotraženja (RD/PRD) sedam varijantnih sustava hidroizolacija - asfalt na betonskoj ploči.
High oscillations and high rutting depth values can clearly be seen.
Evidentna je velika oscilacija i visoke utvrđene vrijednosti dubina kolotraga.
Graphical presentation of rutting depth for different alternatives of waterproofing - asphalt systems
Grafički prikaz dubine kolotraga za varijantne sustave hidroizolacija - asfalt
thickness; - wearing asphalt course (SMA 16) 50 mm in thickness, and - protective asphalt course (AC-ZSH 16) and wearing asphalt
- zaštitni asfaltni sloj (AC-ZSH 16) i habajući asfaltni sloj
course (SMA 16) 100 mm in thickness (50+50).
(SMA 16) u debljini 100 milimetara (50+50).
The following testing parameters were confirmed during determination of rutting resistance on the protective
Utvrđivanje otpornosti na pojavu kolotraga na asfaltnoj mješavini zaštitnog sloja hidroizolacije tipa asfalbetona AC
waterproofing course, type asphalt concrete AC-ZSH 16, placed in 305x305x50 mould by roller compactor, using the rutting method on the protective course (AC-ZSH-L): the total rut depth RD = 3,5 mm / relative rut depth PRD = 7 % / deformation rate WTS = 0,07 mm/103 cycles.
ZSH 16 ugrađene valjkastim zbijačem u kalup 305x305x50, metodom kolotraženja na zaštitnom sloju (AC-ZSH-L) potvrđeni su sljedeći ispitni parametri: ukupna dubina kolotraga RD = 3,5 mm / relativna dubina kolotraga PRD = 7 % / brzina prirasta deformacije WTS = 0,07 mm/103ciklusa.
Rutting parameters PRD and WTS meet the required conditions for the protective asphalt waterproofing course (AC-ZSH-L); however, they reach the very limit of the allowed maximum values as the paving bitumen BIT 50/70 was used as binder.
Parametri kolotraženja PRD i WTS zadovoljavaju propisane uvjete za zaštitni asfaltni sloj hidroizolacije (AC-ZSH-L), ali se nalaze na samoj granici maksimalno dopuštenih vrijednosti jer je upotrijebljeno vezivo cestograđevni bitumen BIT 50/70.
The asphalt mixture of the wearing asphalt course, type split mastic asphalt (SMA), showed an extremely good rutting resistance.
Na asfaltnoj mješavini habajućeg asfaltnog sloja tipa splitmastiksasfalta (SMA) utvrđena je izrazito dobra otpornost na pojavu kolotraga.
The split mastic asphalt has a good skeleton structure (discontinued grain size distribution) and the polymer modified bitumen was used.
Splitmastiksasfalt ima dobru skeletnu strukturu (diskontinuirana granulometrija) i uporabljen je polimerom modificirani bitumen.
The rutting resistance of a two-layered specimen, which is a combination of the protective waterproofing course and wearing course, as in the pavement system (AC-ZSH+SMA), is identical to the rutting resistance of the specimen containing the wearing course SMA 16 only, which confirms that the rutting testing method using a small-size device and the procedure B in air actually produces the most accurate results on asphalt courses of about 50 mm in thickness.
Otpornost na kolotraženje dvoslojnog uzorka zaštitni sloj hidroizolacije i habajući sloj zajedno kao u sustavu na kolniku (AC-ZSH+SMA) identična je otpornosti uzorka samo habajućeg sloja SMA 16, što potvrđuje da ispitna metoda kolotraženja uređajem malih dimenzija postupkom B na zraku daje najtočnije rezultate na asfaltnim slojevima debljine oko 50 milimetara.
The system consisting of the sealing waterproofing course and the protective asphalt concrete course (AC-ZSH-G), sampled on the construction site (Figure 7) at three points (f = 200 mm), was tested for rutting resistance in the laboratory.
Sustav brtveni sloj hidroizolacije i zaštitni asfaltni sloj od asfaltbetona (AC-ZSH-G) uzorkovan na gradilištu (slika 7.) na tri pozicije (Ф = 200mm), u laboratoriju je ispitan na kolotraženje.
The rutting parameters for the pavement specimen are not compliant with requirements: PRD = 10,2 % (requirement ≤ 7 %) / WTS = 0,21 (requirement ≤ 0,07), paving bitumen BIT 50/70.
Na uzorku izvađenom iz kolnika vrijednosti parametara kolotraženja ne zadovoljavaju propisane uvjete: PRD = 10,2 % (uvjet ≤ 7 %) / WTS = 0,21 (uvjet ≤ 0,07), cestograđevni bitumen BIT 50/70.
A drop in rutting resistance was established when compared to the specimen prepared in laboratory (AC-ZSH-L).
Utvrđen je pad otpornosti na pojavu kolotraga u odnosu na uzorak pripremljen u laboratoriju (AC-ZSH-L).
Sample taken at the Odra Viaduct from the completed waterproofing - asphalt system
Izvađeni uzorak iz izvedenog sustava hidroizolacija - asfalt na vijaduktu "Odra"
Građevinar 10/2013
i zaštitnog i brtvenog sloja sustava (AC-ZSH16-G)
Rutting resistance of waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems on bridges
Da bi se potvrdio razlog zašto pada otpornost na kolotraženje, provjeren je sastav asfaltnog sloja.
Furthermore, additional composition testing results confirm penetration of bitumen from the sealing course into the protective course of the waterproofing - asphalt pavement system; the determined content amounted to %mas B/AS = 4,6 %, while the content prior to placing amounted to %mas B/AM = 4,0 %.
Provedenim dodatnim ispitivanjem sastava potvrđeno je penetriranje bitumena iz brtvenog u zaštini sloj sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik, utvrđen je udio %mas B/AS = 4,6 %, dok je udio prije ugradnje u sloj bio %mas B/AM = 4,0 %.
The smaller voids content of the in-place protective course (CŠ/AS = 4,7 %), as compared to the Marshall sample (CŠ/AU = 5,9 %), confirmed the penetration of bitumen mortar and a drop in the resistance to rutting, due to the filling of voids during the asphalt placing process.
Manji udio šupljina u izvedenom zaštitnom sloju (CŠ/AS = 4,7 %) u odnosu na Marshallov uzorak (CŠ/AU = 5,9 %) potvrđuje penetriranje bitumenskog morta te pad otpornosti na kolotraženje, jer je došlo do popunjavanja šupljina u sloju tijekom asfaltiranja.
A detailed analysis of standard waterproofing - asphalt pavement systems, realized with different types of primers, protective (levelling) courses, and wearing courses, is conducted in the scope of investigations.
U okviru istraživanja provedena je detaljna analiza tipskih sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni kolnik, koji se razlikuju po vrsti temeljnog, brtvenog, zaštitnog (izravnavjućeg) i habajućeg sloja.
The systems placed on eleven structures (bridges, viaducts, and underpasses) are analysed from the aspect of occurrence of defects that affect the inservice behaviour of such structures.
Izvedeni sustavi su analizirani na jedanaest građevina (mostovi, vijadukti, pothodnici) iz aspekta pojavnosti nedostataka, koji utječu na ponašanje tijekom uporabe.
It was established that permanent (plastic) deformations of pavements, i.e. rutting deformations, are the most common asphalt-pavement defects on bridges, and that they are significantly more pronounced when compared to similar defects registered on the road route, i.e. in front of and after the structure/bridge.
Utvrđeno je da su trajne (plastične) deformacije kolnika u obliku kolotraga najčešći nedostatak vozne površine asfaltnih kolnika mostova i znatno su izražajenije od onih na trasi ceste ispred odnosno iza građevina.
Results of this investigation point to the conclusion that the resistance to rutting can be increased by the factor of ≥ 1,5 if the binder with the polymer modified bitumen is applied.
Rezultati ovog istraživanja upućuju na zaključak da se uporabom veziva od polimerom modificiranog bitumena povećava otpornost na pojavu kolotraga s faktorom ≥ 1,5.
Assumptions were made by testing resistance to permanent deformation, i.e. rutting resistance, of different types of waterproofing - asphalt course systems prepared in laboratory, and these assumptions were subsequently checked by in situ testing.
Na osnovi rezultata ispitivanja otpornosti različitih laboratorijski pripremljenih tipova sustava hidroizolacija - asfaltni slojevi na trajnu deformaciju u obliku kolotraga - dobivene su pretpostavke koje su provjerene in situ.