natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Farm policy in Croatia in the last decade has been characterised by an inappropriate system of financial and institutional aid; although it was officially on the side of the farmer, in practice, directly and indirectly, it still moves government money into ineffective and inert systems.
Poljoprivrednu politiku Hrvatske u posljednjem desetljeću obilježava neodgovarajući sustav financijske i institucijske potpore, koji, iako deklarativno na strani poljoprivrednika, u praksi izravno i neizravno i dalje prelijeva državni novac u neučinkovite i trome sustave.
High external costs of production, a rigid tax system, an absence of cheap capital, an irrational trading and distribution system, and inadequate budgetary support are some of the main factors behind the fall in production, low level of self-sufficiency (below 60%), and high prices for agricultural and food products.
Visoki eksterni troškovi proizvodnje, kruti porezni sustav kronični nedostatak jeftinog kapitala, neracionalan trgovinski i distribucijski sustav, te nedostatna proračunska potpora neki su od glavnih čimbenika pada proizvodnje, niske samodostatnosti (ispod 60%), te visokih cijena poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda.
The market for that most important agricultural resource, land, is restricted by the current disorder in the land registers, and the functioning of the market for agricultural and food products is limited by unfair competition and patchy legislation.
Tržište zemljištem kao najvažnijim poljoprivrednim resursom ograničava postojeća nesređenost zemljišnih knjiga, a funkcioniranje tržišta poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda ograničava nelojalna konkurencija i manjkava legislativa.
Something a bit more has been done in the recent period in the area of legislation and in reforms in protection of and incentives to domestic production.
Nešto više učinjeno je u proteklom razdoblju u području legislative i reformi u politici zaštite i poticaja domaće proizvodnje.
During the years, the scope and structure of products to which incentives are given have changed.
Tijekom godina mijenja se obuhvat i struktura poticanih proizvoda.
In the new incentives system of 1999, plant production was stimulated by incentives given to producers according to productive areas (and not according to volume of products, as hitherto) and payments for laying down long-term plantations in fruit farming and viticulture, while animal husbandry was encouraged by payments for breeding stock and fat stock, particularly in the regions of special national concern.
Novim sustavom poticaja iz 1999. godine biljna se proizvodnja stimuliranjem proizvođača prema proizvodnim površinama (a ne prema količini proizvoda kao dotad) i isplatama za podizanje višegodišnjih nasada u voćarstvu i vinogradarstvu, dok se stočarstvo potiče selektivnim isplatama za rasplodnu stoku i tovljenike, poglavito u područjima posebne državne skrbi.
Altogether, 130 types of incentive were brought in.
Ukupno je uvedeno više od 130 vrsta poticaja.
Since Croatia, like other new members of WTO, cannot employ export subsidies or special protective measures during the import of agricultural products, the competitiveness of domestic products on the domestic market is further jeopardised.
S obzirom na to da Hrvatska, kao ni ostale nove članice WTO-a, ne može primjenjivati ni izvozne subvencije ni posebne zaštitne mjere pri uvozu poljoprivrednih proizvoda, dodatno se ugrožava konkurentnost domaćih proizvođača na domaćem tržištu.
Most of the total aid was of the market price kind, and the causes of the reductions during the period were mainly changes in prices on the world market.
Većina ukupne potpore bila je tržišnocjenovna, a uzroci sniženja tijekom razdoblja uglavnom su bile promjene cijena na svjetskom tržištu.
Foreign trade protection of basic agricultural products was maintained at a high level even after the reform of 1999.
Vanjskotrgovinska zaštita osnovnih poljoprivrednih proizvoda zadržala se na visokoj razini, čak i nakon reforme 1999. godine.
The comparison tells us that in the protection of domestic agriculture, Croatia followed the trends of the applicant countries.
Usporedba nam govori da Hrvatska u zaštiti domaće poljoprivrede prati trendove zemalja pristupnica.
This is perhaps in line with the Uruguay Round, but if we compare the protection indicators with those in the EU, it is clear that Croatia, like the other transition countries, will find it very hard to take part in the market competition with the much more developed and more protected agriculture of Western Europe.
To je možda u skladu sa zahtjevima iz Urugvajskog kruga pregovora, ali usporedimo li pokazatelje zaštite s onima u EU, jasno je da će i Hrvatskoj, kao i ostalim zemljama u tranziciji, biti vrlo teško sudjelovati u tržišnoj utakmici sa znatno razvijenijom i jače štićenom poljoprivredom Zapadne Europe.
POINTS OF VULNERABILITY
IDENTIFIKACIJA KLJUČNIH TOČAKA RANJIVOSTI
The competitiveness of Croatian agriculture
Konkurentnost hrvatske poljoprivrede
Like most other countries, including the EU as a whole, the basic aim of Croatian agriculture is to ensure food security to the population, to the greatest possible extent with domestic competitive products.
Kao i u većini drugih zemalja, uključujući i EU, hrvatskoj je poljoprivredi osnovni cilj ostvariti prehrambenu sigurnost stanovništva u što većem opsegu domaćim konkurentnim proizvodima.
The goals of domestic agricultural policy stress the need to achieve effectiveness in agriculture in the conditions of the world market competition as well as protection and development of the domestic rural area.
Ciljevi domaće poljoprivredne politike naglašavaju potrebu ostvarenja konkurentnosti poljoprivrede u uvjetima svjetskoga tržišnog natjecanja, kao i zaštitu i razvoj domaćega ruralnog prostora.
The results of analysesv reveal the basic limitations in the achievement of a higher level of competitiveness for Croatian agriculture: the monopolist position of input providers, the poor access to commercial loans, payments in kind, undeveloped market and institutional infrastructure, absence of economy of scale in marketing, small average size of holdings, difficulty in purchasing and leasing land, low yields, low level of technology and a non-transparent subsidy system in which measures of agrarian policy often mask market signals.
Rezultati analizav otkrivaju osnovna ograničenja u postizanju višeg stupnja konkurentnosti hrvatske poljoprivrede: monopolski položaj nabavljača inputa, slab pristup komercijalnim kreditima, isplate u naravi, nerazvijena tržišna i institucijsku infrastrukturu, nedostatak ekonomije veličine u marketingu, malu prosječnu veličinu gospodarstva, teškoće u kupnji i najmu zemljišta, niske prinose, nisku tehnološku razinu i netransparentan subvencijski sustav u kojemu agrarnopolitičke mjere cesto prikrivaju tržišne signale.
Although the poor level of technical equipment is a problem in some sub-sectors in agriculture, the bulk of the problems derive from the ineffectiveness of the market.
Premda je slaba tehnička opremljenost problem u nekim podsektorima u poljoprivredi, glavnina problema proizlazi iz neučinkovitog tržišta.
The consequences of this kind of situation can be some extent be measured for each sub-sector by the indicator called DRC, domestic resource cost.
Posljedice takvog stanja mogu se donekle izmjeriti za svaki podsektor pokazateljem odnosa troškova domaćih resursa u proizvodnji (domestic resource cost - DRC)vi.
Results show that the value of domestic resources in most agricultural products is greater than the value of the product itself, measured in world prices.
Rezultati pokazuju da je vrijednost domaćih resursa u većini poljoprivrednih proizvodnji veća od vrijednosti proizvodnje, mjereno svjetskim cijenama.
This judgement needs to be taken very seriously, because the figures are the results of an analysis of the operations of successful farmers, while most Croatian agriculturalists operate much below this level.
Takvu ocjenu treba shvatiti ozbiljno jer su podaci rezultat analize poslovanja uspješnijih poljoprivrednika, dok većina hrvatskih poljoprivrednika posluje znatno ispod te razine.
Rural development and environmental protection
Ruralni razvoj i zaštita okoliša
Croatia is a country with very valuable natural resources, primarily in terms of quality.
Hrvatska je zemlja vrijednih prirodnih resursa, ponajprije zbog njihove kakvoće.
The land is of fairly good fertility and is fairly unspoiled in European terms and, along with high quality water, forest and coastal zone resources, provides a good basis for the development of agriculture and fisheries, forestry and hunting and fishingbased tourism.
Zemljište je razmjerno dobre plodnosti i jedno od bolje očuvanih u Europi, a uz kvalitetne vodne resurse, šume i obalni pojas omogućuje razvoj poljoprivrede i ribarstva, šumarstva i lovnog turizma.
The creators of the agrarian policy in Croatia are well aware of these advantages, as well as of the facts that rural policy has to cover an area much broader than farming alone.
Kreatori agrarne politike u Hrvatskoj svjesni su tih prednosti, kao i činjenice da ruralna politika obuhvaća više od same poljoprivredne proizvodnje.
The need to foster the quality of life in rural settings and at the same time to protect the rural environment must be incorporated into agrarian, or rather rural, policy.
Potrebu da se unaprijedi kakvoća života u ruralnim sredinama i istodobno zaštiti ruralni okoliš nužno je ugraditi u poljoprivrednu, odnosno u ruralnu politiku.
This point of view is in line with the changes of the CAP in the EU, which has considerably expanded beyond its initial framework of the early 1960s.
Takvo je gledište u skladu s promjenama ZPP-a EU, koji se znatno proširio izvan prvih okvira s početka 1960-ih godina.
The most recent adjustments to agricultural policy stress the need to create both agricultural and non-agricultural employment opportunities in the rural areas as means to improve rural income.
Posljednje prilagodbe poljoprivredne politike naglašavaju potrebu stvaranja i poljoprivrednih i nepoljoprivrednih mogućnosti zapošljavanja u ruralnim područjima kao sredstava za poboljšanje ruralnog dohotka.
The creation of opportunities for non-agricultural employment would facilitate the improvement of the agricultural structure, freeing up agricultural resources for the sake of the consolidation of viable holdings.
Stvaranje prilika za nepoljoprivredno zapošljavanje omogućilo bi poboljšavanje poljoprivredne strukture, oslobađajući poljoprivredne resurse radi okrupnjavanja vitalnih gospodarstava.
According to the opinions of experts this section of agrarian or rather rural policy is still to be bolstered by specific programmes.
Prema ocjenama stručnjakavii, taj dio poljoprivredne, odnosno ruralne politike tek treba poduprijeti specifičnim programima.
For the moment, no satisfactory alternative sources of employment in rural areas are being created, because the governmental policy is not creating an environment favourable to enterprise.
Za sada se ne stvaraju zadovoljavajuće alternativne mogućnosti zapošljavanja u ruralnoj sredini jer politika hrvatske Vlade ne stvara okruženje naklonjeno poduzetnicima.
As against this, there is an attempt to underline the advantages of the current system of management in Croatian agriculture.
Suprotno tome, nastoje se istaknuti prednosti prevladavajućeg sustava gospodarenja u hrvatskoj poljoprivredi.
In the European environment there is a lot of talk about an about turn from “scale-oriented agriculture” to “quality-oriented agriculture” (quality of food and environment).
Naime, u europskom zemljopisnom okruženju govori se o zaokretu iz “poljoprivrede orijentirane na količinu” u “poljoprivredu okrenutu kakvoći” (hrane i okoliša).
The way out of the current situation is seen in sustainable agriculture, harmless to the environment, which will leave unspoiled resources for future generations.
Izlaz iz postojećeg stanja vidi se u održivoj poljoprivredi, bezopasnoj za okoliš, koja budućim naraštajima ostavlja očuvane resurse.
This system of land use can supply the Croatian population with a sufficient supply of quality food, suitable both for the customers of tourism and for export.
Taj sustav gospodarenja može opskrbiti hrvatsko stanovništvo dostatnom količinom kvalitetne hrane, poželjne i za turističku klijentelu i za izvoz.
The socio-economic aspects of agriculture
Socioekonomski aspekti poljoprivrede
In the absence of alternative employment or income creation in the rural regions, Croatian agricultural policy is in fact a mixture of economic measures and social protection, the last being fairly important.
U nedostatku alternativnog zapošljavanja i stvaranja dohotka na ruralnom području, hrvatska je poljoprivredna politika zapravo mješavina gospodarskih mjera i socijalne zaštite, a posljednja je dosta važna.
In the regional incentive policy, although a certain advance has been made, there is still not enough system in the regional approach.
U regionalnoj politici poticanja, iako je određeni pomak učinjen, još uvijek nema sustavnosti u regionalnom pristupu.
The status of the family farm is still unsettled the way, qua natural persons, that they do business creates restrictions for both the institutions and for the economy itself.
Neriješen je status obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava - njihovo poslovanje (kao fizičkih osoba) stvara ograničenja i za državne ustanove i za samo gospodarstvo.
With few exceptions, the former “publicly owned sector” in agriculture - the socialist agribusinesses - underwent, in the post-war years, because of war damage and inappropriate models of transformation or privatisation, collapse, falls in productivity and employment and knew great difficulties in their operations.
Bivši “društveni sektor” u poljoprivredi (kombinati) u poratnom razdoblju zbog ratnih razaranja i neodgovarajućeg modela pretvorbe odnosno privatizacije, uz male iznimke, doživljava kolaps, pad proizvodnje i zaposlenosti te znatne teškoće u poslovanju.
In Croatia there is still very little development of the association and combination of farmers via coops and other forms such as contractual cooperation.
U Hrvatskoj je još uvijek slabo razvijeno poslovno udruživanje poljoprivrednika putem zadruga i drugih oblika kao što je ugovorna suradnja.
Although the number of coops is relatively large, most farmers are outside these forms of business organisation.
Premda je broj zadruga razmjerno velik, većina poljoprivrednika je izvan tih oblika poslovnog organiziranja.
The institutional presentation of the business interests of agricultural producers is not functional enough or developed on the basis of partnership with the formal administrative departments.
Institucijska prezentacija gospodarskih interesa poljoprivrednih proizvođača nije dovoljno funkcionalna i razvijena na osnovi partnerstva s formalnim upravnim službama.
The services providing expertise set up to encourage progress in agriculture are not totally effective.
Stručne službe, osnovane za poticanje napretka u poljoprivredi, nisu u potpunosti djelotvorne.
The reasons for this state of affairs can be found in the insufficiency of high-quality expertise, poor level of equipment, and inadequately worked-out regulations.
Razloge takvom stanju pronalazimo u nedostatnom broju kvalitetnog stručnog osoblja, slaboj opremljenosti te nedovoljno razrađenim propisima.
Croatian agriculture and the EU
Hrvatska poljoprivreda i EUviii
By way of beginning to the process of stabilisation and association, the EU adopted trade measures opening up its market to the countries of this region.
Kao početak ostvarenja procesa stabilizacije i pridruživanja, EU je usvojio trgovinske mjere kojima otvara svoje tržište zemljama regije.
This is an asymmetrical form of trade liberalisation aiming to increase the export capacities, ability to attract foreign investment, and political and economic stability in the countries of SEE.
Riječ je o asimetričnoj liberalizaciji trgovine s ciljem povećanja izvoznih mogućnosti, privlačenja inozemnih ulaganja, te političke i gospodarske stabilnosti spomenutih zemalja jugoistočne Europe.
The regulation was applied on 1 November 2000 and will be in force until 2005.
Uredba se primjenjuje od 1. studenoga 2000. godine i vrijedit će do godine 2005.
The trade regime for the area of food and agriculture products means duty free access for domestic producers to the EU market (except for baby beef products, for which customs duties have been cut considerably) and quotas for some sensitive EU products.
Trgovinski režim za područje poljoprivredno-prehrambenih proizvoda znači bescarinski pristup domaćim proizvodima na tržište EU (osim baby beef proizvoda, za koje su carine znatno snižene) te kvantitativna ograničenja za neke EU osjetljive proizvode.
On these quotas there are some sorts of fish and fish products, wine and baby beef, and the common quotas are applied on the first-come firstserved principle.
Na kvotama se tako nalaze neke vrste ribe i riblje prerađevine, vino te baby beef proizvodi, a zajedničke se kvote iskorištavaju po načelu first come first served, tj. prema kronološkom redoslijedu podnošenja zahtjeva za otpisom kvote.
In return for such preferences, the EU requires from the beneficiary countries the implementation of economic reforms and regionbased cooperation.
EU kao uzvrat za takve pogodnosti zahtijeva od zemalja korisnica provedbu gospodarskih reformi i međusobnu suradnju na regionalnoj osnovi.
In talks concerning the signing of the SAA, Croatia sought the retention of the existing preferences with the possibility that they would be improved still further, and this was on the whole achieved.
Pregovorima o zaključivanju SSP-a, Hrvatska je tražila zadržavanje postojećih povlastica uz mogućnost njihova daljnjeg unapređenja, što se uvelike i postiglo.
Croatia will accept the application of gradual liberalisation of imports of products originating in the EU during the transition period, not longer than five years, depending on the sensitivity of the given product.
Hrvatska će prihvatiti primjenu postupne liberalizacije uvoza proizvoda podrijetlom iz EU tijekom prijelaznog razdoblja, ne duljega od pet godina, ovisno o osjetljivosti pojedinog proizvoda.
Talks are being held separately for agricultural products, for food products, for fish and wine.
Pregovori se vode odvojeno za poljoprivredne proizvode, prerađevine, ribe i vino.
The main issues referring to the adjustment of agricultural policy in the negotiating procedure with the EU also include direct payments to farmers and quotas for dairy products and sugar beet.
Glavna pitanja koja se odnose na prilagodbu poljoprivredne politike u postupku pregovaranja s EU obuhvaćaju i izravna plaćanja poljoprivrednicima, te kvote za mliječne proizvode i šećernu repu.
It is expected that the new member countries will be able to use the measure of direct payments to give incentives to their farmers in the future too, but not to the same extent not to be found in current members.
Očekuje se da će se nove zemlje članice i u buduće moći koristiti mjerom izravnih plaćanja u poticanju svojih poljoprivrednika, ali ne u visini koju sada ostvaruju aktualne članice EU.
Adjustment of agricultural legislation
Prilagodba poljoprivrednog zakonodavstva
Because of Croatia's entrance into the WTO, its imminent entry into CEFTA and, in the future, into the EU, it is essential to make some adjustments of Croatian agricultural legislation to the legislation of these economic groupings, particularly to that of the EU (the White Paper).
S obzirom na ulazak Hrvatske u WTO, a uskoro i u CEFTA-u, te u budućnosti i EU, prijeko je potrebna prilagodba hrvatskoga poljoprivrednog zakonodavstva zakonodavstvu tih ekonomskih grupacija, posebice EU (tzv. Bijela knjiga).
In Croatia, at the end of 1999, there were 14 laws, about 120 sets of regulations, a large number of decisions, orders, decrees, rules and announcement in force in the activities of agriculture, fishery and veterinary science.
U Hrvatskoj je krajem godine 1999. u djelatnosti poljoprivrede, ribarstva i veterinarstva u primjeni bilo 14 zakona, više od 120 pravilnika, veći broj odluka, naredbi, objava i popisa.
We will pick out the fundamental Agriculture Law (NN 66/01), the Agricultural Land Law (NN 66/01), the Ecological Production of Food and Agriculture Products (NN 12/01).
Izdvajamo temeljni Zakon o poljoprivredi (NN 66/01), Zakon o poljoprivrednom zemljištu (NN 66/01), Zakon o ekološkoj proizvodnji poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda (NN 12/01).
A Food Law and a Genetically Modified Organisms Law are in preparation.
U pripremi su Zakon o hrani, Zakon o genetski modificiranim organizmima i dr.
The general Agriculture Law governs the area of agriculture and the existing legislation and the functional connection with many areas that are not yet legislated for.
Općim Zakonom o poljoprivredi uređuje se područje poljoprivrede i postojeće zakonodavstvo, kao i funkcionalna veza s brojnim područjima koja još nisu zakonski uređena.
When the Food Law is passed, together with the concomitant other byelaws adjusted to the requirements of the WTO on the principles of the Codex of Good Agricultural Practice, and the principles of the Cooperation Agreement with the EU and the WTO, the road towards settling the demands made by world and European integration will be made much easier.
Donošenje Zakona o hrani, i na osnovi njega drugih podzakonskih akata usklađenih sa zahtjevima WTO-a na načelima Kodeksa dobre poljoprivredne prakse (Codex of good agricultural practice), te načelima Sporazuma o suradnji s EU i WTO-om, olakšat će se put rješavanja postavljenih zahtjeva pri svjetskim i europskim integracijama.
Contemporary trends of ensuring quality and security of food have enforced the need to provide a legislative backing for ecological agriculture.
Suvremeni trendovi osiguranja kakvoće i sigurnosti hrane nametnuli su i potrebu zakonskog uređivanja ekološke poljoprivrede.
The Ecological Production Law governs the ecological production, processing and sale of agricultural and food products, considered as essential factors in the protection of human health and life, consumer protection, conservation of nature and the environment.
Zakonom o ekološkoj proizvodnji poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda uređuje se ekološka proizvodnja, prerada i prodaja poljoprivrednih i prehrambenih proizvoda kao bitnih čimbenika zaštite zdravlja i života ljudi, zaštite potrošača, prirode i okoliša.
In further adjustments, a more detailed analysis and comparison of every individual law with its key measures is required, with particular respect for the First Phaseviii measures and the setting of priorities, while the economic situation and the development strategy are taken into consideration.
U daljnjoj prilagodbi nužna je podrobna analiza i usporedba svakog pojedinog zakona s ključnim mjerama, uz osobito poštovanje mjera Prvog stadijaix i određivanje prioriteta te uzimanje gospodarskog stanja i strategije razvoja u obzir.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ZAKLJUČCI I PREPORUKE MJERA
In an analysis of domestic agriculture our starting point is the already mentioned limitations which are still holding back both the attainment of the aims set up by agrarian policy and the implementation of the measures for the Croatian agriculture development strategy.
U analizi domaće poljoprivrede polazimo od već spomenutih ograničenja koja još uvijek usporavaju ostvarivanje ciljeva postavljenih poljoprivrednom politikom i provođenje mjera strategije razvoja hrvatske poljoprivrede.
At the same time, the agriculture sector does have considerable developmental advantages, such as natural and regional potentials, which have not to date been taken advantage of as they might have been.
Istodobno, poljoprivredni sektor ima i znatne razvojne prednosti kao što su prirodni i regionalni potencijali, koji do sada nisu bili optimalno iskorišteni.