natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
This is a project in which a number of authors have taken part, each of them wanting in his or her own area to draw the attention of the politicians, experts, the media and the public to the requirements of the EU, and the weaknesses and strengths of Croatia, and to offer their recommendations for a better and faster accession to the EU, as well as a better and faster development of both the economy and society.
Riječ je o projektu u kojemu sudjeluju brojni autori koji žele, svatko na svom području, upozoriti političare, stručnjake, medije i sve građane na zahtjeve EU-a, prednosti i nedostatke Hrvatske, te ponuditi svoje preporuke za bolje i brže pridruživanje EU, ali i bolji i brži razvoj i gospodarstva i društva.
After an introduction in which stress is placed on the importance of institutions for the development of the economy and society, the second part starts off optimistically with the opinions of others concerning us, goes on pessimistically with EU views about itself and its own development, and in part three the results are summed up in terms of topics - macroeconomics, the budget deficit, poverty, inequality and social exclusion, the rule of law and the judiciary, governance and the public administration, consumer and environmental protection, and legal aspects of the protection of ethnic minorities, science and higher education, and social values.
Nakon uvoda, u kojemu se naglašava važnost institucija za razvoj gospodarstva i društva, u drugom se dijelu kreće optimistično s mišljenjima drugih o nama, nastavlja pesimistično sa stavovima EU-a o samome sebi i svom razvoju, u trećem se sažimaju rezultati po temama - makroekonomija, proračunski deficit, siromaštvo, nejednakost i socijalna isključenost, vladavina prava i pravosuđe, governance i javna uprava, zaštita potrošača, okoliša i pravni aspekti zaštite nacionalnih manjina, znanost i visoko školstvo te društvene vrijednosti.
In the fourth part, there is consideration of what has changed in Croatia during the year since the printing of the previous book; in the fifth, the degree of Croatian preparedness to join the EU is discussed; in the sixth, recommendations are offered for as good an adjustment as possible; and in the seventh, conclusions.
U četvrtom se dijelu razmatra što se u Hrvatskoj promijenilo za godinu dana od tiskanja prethodne knjige, u petom se analizira spremnost Hrvatske za pridruživanje EU, u šestom se nude preporuke za što bolje prilagodbe, a u sedmom se daju zaključci.
Very briefly, it can be concluded that Croatia is working hard at implementing the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) and at adjusting to EU requirements, but that a better implementation of regulations will be required, together with a more rapid establishment of new, and a better functioning of existing, institutions.
Najkraće se može zaključiti da se Hrvatska trudi provoditi Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju (SSP) i usklađivanje sa zahtjevima EU-a, ali da će biti potrebna bolja primjena propisa, brže uspostavljanje novih institucija i bolje funkcioniranje postojećih.
Crucial in this respect are problems in the public administration, in conjunction with the establishment and strengthening of the institutions essential for market liberalisation.
Ključni su pritom problemi u javnoj upravi, te uspostava i jačanje institucija potrebnih za liberalizaciju tržišta.
This project too shows, once again, that irrespective of developments within the EU itself and its attitude with respect to Croatia, the country needs to work on its own institutions, launch the necessary reforms as rapidly and thoroughly as possible, and achieve better results in knowledge and education; in addition, the active participation of all those involved in the process is also a matter of vital importance.
I ovaj projekt još jedanput naglašava da Hrvatska, neovisno o razvoju samog EU-a i njegovu stajalištu prema Hrvatskoj, treba usavršavati svoje institucije, što brže i temeljitije provoditi nužne reforme te poboljšavati znanje i obrazovanje, ali i sudjelovanje svih sudionika u tom procesu.
European Union, Croatia, institutional adjustment
Europska unija, Hrvatska, institucionalne prilagodbe
After Croatia submitted its application for membership in February 2003, there were many speculations in the public at home and in Europe at large as to whether Croatia would be able to get into the EU in 2007, no matter whether Bulgaria and Romania will be able to enter, or whether it will have to depend on the development of events in those two countries.
Nakon što je Hrvatska u veljači 2003. podnijela zahtjev za članstvo, u našoj, ali i u europskoj javnosti često se kalkulira o tome hoće li Hrvatska moći 2007. ući u EU neovisno o ulasku Bugarske i Rumunjske, ili će morati ovisiti o zbivanjima u te dvije zemlje.
The basic hypothesis of this paper is that Croatia will be able to enter the EU at the moment it is ready for this, that is, when it meets all the necessary conditions, irrespective of the states of affairs in Bulgaria and Romania.
Osnovna hipoteza ovog rada jest da Hrvatska može ući u EU u trenutku kad za to bude spremna, odnosno kad zadovolji potrebne uvjete, neovisno o stanju u Bugarskoj i Rumunjskoj.
As distinct from the amusing scepticism of the author quoted in the epigraph, the second hypothesis is that Croatia will indeed make the effort, and that it will meet the conditions for EU entry.
Za razliku od duhovite skepse spomenutog autora, druga je hipoteza da će se Hrvatska potruditi i da će zadovoljiti uvjete za ulazak u EU.
Whether this will be in 2007 or perhaps in 2010 is not the subject of this chapter.
Hoće li to biti 2007. ili možda 2010. godine, nije predmet ovog rada.
Of course, we should count on the situation in the EU possibly being at that moment, irrespective of Croatian efforts and success in meeting the conditions, such as to militate against the entry of any country at all, including Croatia, then.
Naravno, trebamo računati i s time da, neovisno o hrvatskom trudu i uspjehu u zadovoljavanju uvjeta, stanje unutar EU-a u tom trenutku može biti takvo da onemogući ulazak bilo koje zemlje, pa i Hrvatske.
And so this book, like that of last year, speaks of the degree of Croatia's preparedness to join the EU in terms of various selected topics.
I ova, kao i lanjska knjiga (Ott, 2003) govori o stupnju spremnosti Hrvatske za pridruživanje EU po raznim odabranim temama.
While last year we focused on economic and legal, this year we have attached particular importance to institutional, topics.
Dok smo se u prošlogodišnjoj usredotočili na ekonomske i pravne, u ovoj smo posebno značenje pridali institucionalnim temama.
For it is increasingly manifest that it is the institutions that hold the key to the development of both the economy and the society.
Naime, sve je očitije da su upravo institucije ključne za razvoj i gospodarstava i društava.
In the literature, too, these topics hold sway.
I u literaturi su te teme dominantne.
The IMF (2003), for example, concentrated on growth and institutions.
Međunarodni monetarni fond (MMF) se, primjerice usredotočio na rast i institucije (IMF, 2003).
Briefly, the conclusion of the IMF is that the growth of the quality of institutions leads to a rise in the level and rate of growth of per capita GDP and reduces oscillations in growth.
Najkraći je zaključak MMF-a da porast kvalitete institucija dovodi do porasta razine i stope rasta BDP-a po stanovniku, te smanjuje oscilacije rasta.
Developing countries can perform much better economically if they improve the quality of their institutions while at the same time maintaining a healthy macroeconomic policy.
Zemlje u razvoju mogu postići znatno bolje ekonomske rezultate ako poboljšaju kvalitetu svojih institucija, uz istovremeno održavanje zdrave makroekonomske politike.
This includes the necessity for institutions to protect the rights of ownership, to support the rule of law, to secure proper market protection, back up macroeconomic stability, encourage social cohesion and stability.
Pritom su nužne institucije koje će štititi vlasnička prava, podržavati vladavinu prava, osiguravati odgovarajuću zaštitu tržišta, podržavati makroekonomsku stabilnost, poticati društvenu koheziju i stabilnost.
The form of the institutions is not set hard and fast, rather must be adjusted to the local conditions in each country.
Oblik institucija nije jedinstveno zadan već mora biti prilagođen lokalnim uvjetima u svakoj zemlji.
Particularly important is to increase competitiveness, including the openness of the market, which will lead to reduction of the influence of interest groups, a better flow of information and greater transparency.
Posebno je važno povećati konkurentnost, uključujući otvorenost tržišta, što će voditi smanjenju utjecaja interesnih skupina, boljem protoku informacija i većoj transparentnosti.
The consequence will be a more effective handling of economic policy and a reduction of corruption.
Posljedica će biti učinkovitije vođenje ekonomske politike i smanjenje korupcije.
It is a good idea to make use of additional external opportunities such as, for example, joining the EU, which can contribute to the improvement of institutions.
Dobro se koristiti i dodatnim vanjskim mogućnostima, primjerice priključenjem EU, što može pridonijeti poboljšanju rada institucija.
It is most important, however, that there should be the while a firm will for institutional reform, that there should be decisiveness and dedication within the actual country, and that they should not be imposed from outside.
Najvažnije je pritom da za institucionalne reforme postoji čvrsta volja, odlučnost i predanost unutar same zemlje, a ne da su one nametnute izvana.
Hence, in this book we have decided to discuss macroeconomics, fiscal aspects, welfare, the rule of law and the Croatian judicial system, governance, public administration, consumer protection, environmental protection, the legal aspect of the protection of ethnic minorities, science and higher education, and social values.
Stoga smo se u ovoj knjizi odlučili obraditi makroekonomiju, fiskalne aspekte, socijalnu skrb, vladavinu prava i hrvatski pravosudni sustav, governance, javnu upravu, zaštitu potrošača, zaštitu okoliša, pravni aspekt zaštite nacionalnih manjina, znanost i visoko školstvo te društvene vrijednosti.
In the first part of the text that follows we shall start off optimistically and ask what others think of us.
U prvom dijelu teksta koji slijedi otpočet ćemo optimistično i upitati se što drugi misle o nama.
In the second part pessimism will descend as we wonder what the EU thinks of itself.
U drugom ćemo nastaviti pesimistično i upitati se što EU misli sam o sebi.
In the third part of the text we shall ask what we think about ourselves and the EU, that is, briefly sum up the basic results of this project per chapter.
U trećem dijelu teksta upitat ćemo se što mi mislimo i o sebi i o EU, odnosno ukratko ćemo sažeti osnovne rezultate ovog projekta po poglavljima.
In part four we shall indicate what has changed in the year that has elapsed since the printing of the previous work, and in the fifth we shall show the current degree of readiness in Croatia for joining the EU.
U četvrtom dijelu naznačit ćemo što se promijenilo u godinu dana od tiskanja prethodne knjige, a u petom ćemo pokazati trenutačnu spremnost Hrvatske za pridruživanje EU.
In the sixth part we shall sum up the basic recommendations, and in the seventh provide the shortest possible conclusions.
U šestom ćemo dijelu sažeti osnovne preporuke, a u sedmome ponuditi najkraće zaključke.
LET'S START OPTIMISTICALLY:
POČNIMO OPTIMISTIČNO:
WHAT DO OTHERS THINK ABOUT US?
ŠTO DRUGI MISLE O NAMA?
IMF experts in a survey of the state of affairs in the transition countries show that an external anchor, such as joining the EU, does speed up institutional reforms.
Stručnjaci MMF-a u pregledu stanja u zemljama u tranziciji dokazuju kako tzv. vanjska sidra, npr. priključenje EU, ubrzavaju institucionalne reforme.
The total transition indicator of the EBRD which quantifies advance in areas such as market liberalisation and competitiveness, privatisation and corporate restructuring, financial sector reform - shows that there are much more powerful structural reforms taking place in accession countries than in the other transition countries.
Pokazatelj ukupne tranzicije EBRD-a, kojim se mjeri napredak na područjima kao što je liberalizacija tržišta i konkurentnost, privatizacija i restrukturiranje poduzeća, reforma financijskog sektora, pokazuje neusporedivo snažnije strukturalne reforme u zemljama pristupnicama EU nego u drugim zemljama u tranziciji.
“Indeed, only one other transition economy (Croatia) currently outperforms any of the accession candidates” (IMF 2003:102).
Međutim, “ima jedno tranzicijsko gospodarstvo koje rezultatima nadmašuje sve zemlje pristupnice, a to je Hrvatska” (IMF, 2003:102).
Alesina and Spolare (2003) say that most of the ten richest countries in the world in terms of per capita GDP have populations below five million, and that for small countries success crucially depends on the openness of their markets and liberal trade.
Alesina i Spolare (2003) ističu kako većina od deset najbogatijih zemalja na svijetu prema BDP-u po stanovniku, ima manje od 5 milijuna stanovnika, te kako je za uspjeh malih zemalja presudna otvorenost njihova tržišta i liberalna trgovina.
Hence in their view economic integration and political disintegration should go hand in hand, supporting each other, and the EU could by combining large economies of scale and political independence be ideal for small countries.
Stoga bi, prema njihovu mišljenju, ekonomska integracija i politička dezintegracija trebale teći usporedno, međusobno se podržavajući, a EU bi, kombinirajući velike ekonomije obujma i političku neovisnost, mogao biti idealan za male zemlje.
From this we could conclude that for Croatia, with 4.3 million inhabitants, size itself should not be any obstacle at all, and EU accession could certainly help us in economic integration.
Iz toga možemo zaključiti kako ni Hrvatskoj, sa 4,3 milijuna stanovnika, sama veličina ne bi trebala biti nikakva prepreka, a priključenje EU moglo bi nam i te kako pomoći u ekonomskoj integraciji.
Bilek (2003) wonders whether Croatia can catch up with Romania and Bulgaria.
Bilek (2003) pita se može li Hrvatska stići Rumunjsku i Bugarsku.
Still, with the positive development of the economy and learning from the experience of the trailblazers, Croatia could conclude all the chapters of the acquis faster than those who have gone on in front, and it will not need the three to four years that it took them.
Ipak, s pozitivnim razvojem gospodarstva te koristeći se iskustvima prethodnica, Hrvatska može brže od njih zaključiti sva poglavlja europske pravne stečevine i neće joj za to trebati tri do četiri godine, koliko je njima trebalo.
Croatia can enter the EU together with Bulgaria and Romania, perhaps not in 2007, but very likely between 2008 and 2010.
Hrvatska može ući u EU zajedno s Bugarskom i Rumunjskom možda ne 2007. već, vjerojatnije, 2008-2010.
Thus there are some reasons for optimism.
Dakle, razlozi za optimizam postoje.
CONTINUING PESSIMISTICALLY:
NASTAVIMO PESIMISTIČNO:
WHAT DOES THE EUROPEAN UNION THINK ABOUT ITSELF?
ŠTO SAMA EUROPSKA UNIJA MISLI O SEBI?
Some of the readers of last year's book complained about our scepticism regarding the future of the EU and the entry of Croatia.
Neki od čitatelja lanjske knjige prigovarali su nam zbog skepse u vezi budućnosti EU-a i ulaska Hrvatske u nj.
Although dissensions about the manner of voting are commonly blamed for the recent debacle in the negotiations concerning the EU constitution, it is increasingly apparent that there are more profound reasons.
U strahu da će se zajednicom od 25 članova teško koordinirati, sve se češće raspravlja o mogućnostima stvaranja manje zajednice zemalja ili pionirskom klubu unutar EU-a, zapravo o osnaživanju originalnih osnivačica EZ-a (Francuske, Njemačke, Italije, Nizozemske, Belgije i Luksemburga).
111 Still, it is fairly logical to expect that within such a large community an inner circle of countries, naturally the older members, the richer and the larger will, formally or informally, make the key decisions, while the more recent members, who are poorer and smaller, will ineluctably have a marginal role.
Ipak, dosta je logično očekivati da će unutar tako velike zajednice uži krug zemalja, naravno starijih članica, bogatijih i većih - formalno ili neformalno - donositi ključne odluke, dok će novije članice, siromašnije i manje, neizbježno imati marginalnu ulogu.
For a few years France and Germany have regularly run budgetary deficits in excess of 3%, but a majority of finance ministers of the EU at a meeting held in November 2003 deferred the undertaking of any measures against these countries.
Francuska i Njemačka već nekoliko godina zaredom imaju proračunske deficite veće od 3%, no većina ministara financija EU-a na sastanku u studenom 2003. odgodila je poduzimanje mjera protiv tih zemalja.
As against this, in 2001, when Portugal overstepped its budgetary deficit of 3%, in response to severe pressure from the EU, it had to slash public spending and in 2002 keep the budgetary deficit within the given framework of 3%, the Portuguese economy as a result falling into a deep depression and hence taxation dropping and the budgetary deficit once again rising to 5% in 2003.
Suprotno tome, kad je Portugal 2001. premašio proračunski deficit od 3%, pod snažnim pritiscima EU-a morao je srezati javnu potrošnju i u 2002. održati proračunski deficit unutar zadanog okvira od 3%, no portugalsko je gospodarstvo zbog toga upalo u duboku recesiju, smanjili su se porezni prihodi i proračunski je deficit u 2003. opet porastao na 5%.
In recent times there has been a marked fall in the popularity of the EU and of its currency unit the euro.
U posljednje je doba osjetan i pad popularnosti samog EU-a, kao i njegove novčane jedinice eura.
According to opinion research carried out by the European Commission in autumn 2003, only 48% of EU citizens were of the opinion that it had been a good thing for their country to join the EU.
Prema ispitivanju mišljenja same Europske komisije, u jesen 2003. samo 48% građana EU-a smatralo je da je učlanjenje njihove zemlje u EU bio dobar potez.
Only 52% of those who used it thought that it had been on the whole worthwhile bringing in the euro.
Samo 52% korisnika smatralo je da se uglavnom isplatilo uvesti euro.
Just a year before that these percentages had been much higher.iv
Samo godinu dana prije toga ti su postoci bili znatno viši.iv
In short, there are reasons in plenty for pessimism concerning the future of the EU.
Ukratko, i razlozi za pesimizam u vezi s budućnosti EU-a i te kako postoje.
But in spite of scepticism concerning the outlook for the Union and Croatian entry into it, there is every reason to endeavour to meet the majority of the conditions that the EU requires, because the benefits from making the adjustments can be enormous for us.
No usprkos skepsi o budućnosti EU-a i hrvatskom ulasku u nj, svakako se treba truditi zadovoljiti većinu uvjeta što ih EU postavlja, jer korist od prilagodbi za nas može biti golema.
Imagine that we are living in a country with a proper judiciary, with universities whose degrees are recognised throughout Europe, with an efficacious public administration - “Europe” would then be here among us with or without the EU.
Zamislimo da živimo u državi s urednim sudstvom, s fakultetima čije se diplome priznaju u cijeloj Europi, s efikasnom javnom upravom - Europa bi tada bila ovdje, s EU-om ili bez njega.
BUT WHAT DO WE THINK OF OURSELVES AND OF THE EUROPEAN UNION?
A ŠTO MI MISLIMO O SEBI I O EUROPSKOJ UNIJI?
In this part of the paper we shall briefly abridge the views of the authors of this book on individual topics: macroeconomics, the budgetary deficit, welfare policy, the rule of law and the judiciary, governance and the public administration, protection of the consumer, of the environment and ethnic minorities, science and higher education, and social values.
U ovom ćemo dijelu teksta ukratko sažeti poglede autora ove knjige na pojedinačne teme: makroekonomiju, proračunski deficit, socijalnu politiku, vladavinu prava i pravosuđe, governance i javnu upravu, zaštitu potrošača, okoliša i nacionalnih manjina, znanost i visoko školstvo te društvene vrijednosti.
The challenges of macroeconomic stability
Izazovi makroekonomske stabilnosti
Dubravko Mihaljek points out that Croatia, albeit with oscillations, has since 1995 recorded an average rate of growth of over 4%, and since 2000 an upward trend in economic growth.
Dubravko Mihaljek ističe kako Hrvatska, iako s oscilacijama, od 1995. bilježi prosječnu stopu rasta veću od 4%, a od 2000. godine i uzlazni trend rasta gospodarstva.
Despite widespread beliefs, the role of private consumption in this growth has not increased dramatically, and the share of consumption in GDP has not yet reached the levels that are considered normal in this phase of development.
Suprotno uvriježenim vjerovanjima, uloga privatne potrošnje u tom se rastu nije znatnije povećala, a udio potrošnje u BDP-u još nije ni dosegao razine koje se drže normalnima u toj fazi razvoja.
Even more important, investment is growing, and its structure is improving, while government spending is no longer the main generator of growth.
Još važnije, investicije rastu, a i njihova se struktura poboljšava, dok državna potrošnja više nije glavni pokretač rasta.
Although a more powerful contribution by exports to growth would naturally be very welcome, instead of the selective promotion of exports, the author suggests the establishment of a higher quality legal and judicial system, transparent regulation of market competition, provision of infrastructure, education and social services in cases when the market alone is incapable of providing for them properly.
Iako bi snažniji doprinos izvoza rastu, naravno, bio poželjan, umjesto selektivnog promicanja izvoza, autor sugerira uspostavljanje kvalitetnijega pravnog i sudskog sustava, transparentu regulaciju tržišnog natjecanja, osiguranje infrastrukture, obrazovanja i socijalnih usluga onda kad ih tržište ne bi moglo kvalitetno osigurati.
The greatest challenge to macroeconomic policy could be contained in symptoms of too great a success, that is, of large inflows of capital, and not lack of success, particularly in conditions of inadequately firm fiscal discipline.
Najveći izazov makroekonomskoj politici mogli bi biti simptomi prevelikog uspjeha, tj. velikih dotoka kapitala, a ne nedostatak uspjeha, pogotovo u uvjetima nedovoljno čvrste fiskalne discipline.
Hence it will be necessary to set interest rates at an appropriate level, because rates that are too high could lead to exaggerated inflows of shortterm capital, and rates that are too low to over investment and inflation.
Stoga će trebati utvrđivati kamatne stope na primjerenoj razini, jer previsoke stope mogu dovesti do pretjeranih kratkoročnih priljeva kapitala, a preniske do prevelikih investicija i inflacije.
Can we enter the European Union with a budgetary deficit?
Možemo li u Europsku uniju s proračunskim deficitom?
Judita Cuculić, Michael Faulend and Vedran Sošić have calculated that the net costs of Croatian membership in the EU in 2007 or the net loss to the budget could come to about 1% of the expected GDP.
Judita Cuculić, Michael Faulend i Vedran Šošić izračunali su da bi neto troškovi učlanjenja Hrvatske u EU 2007, odnosno neto gubitak za proračun mogao iznositi oko 1% očekivanog BDP-a.
If we add these effects of membership to the Government's fiscal projection, according to which the budgetary deficit of general consolidated government in 2007 should come to 2%, we can predict a deficit of about 3%.
Dodamo li te učinke učlanjenja Vladinoj fiskalnoj projekciji prema kojoj bi deficit proračuna opće konsolidirane države 2007. trebao iznositi 2%, možemo predviđati deficit od oko 3%.
It will be difficult with a deficit of this order to conduct a fiscal policy in line with the Stability and Growth Pact.
Takvim će se deficitom teško moći voditi fiskalna politika u skladu s Paktom o stabilnosti i rastu (SGP).