natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In the corporate and Scandinavian, or socialdemocrat, countries, a large number of the unemployed receive monetary benefits (about two thirds in Germany and Denmark) that are relatively high, while in the neo-liberal and in the Mediterranean countries the coverage of the unemployed that receive monetary benefits is lower (from 20 to 30%), and the amounts of the benefits are considerably lower.
U korporatističkim i skandinavskim (socijaldemokratskim) zemljama velik dio nezaposlenih prima novčane naknade (oko dvije trećine u Njemačkoj i Danskoj) koje su relativno visoke, dok je u neoliberalnim i mediteranskim zemljama obuhvat nezaposlenih koji dobivaju naknadu uglavnom niži (od 20 do 30%), a i iznos naknade je znatno manji.
Still, in all EU member countries, because of increased outlays for unemployed and the reduction of budgetary revenue, and belief that it will encourage the unemployed to be more active in looking for work, since the early 1990s the criteria for being able to claim benefits and assistance during unemployment have been toughened and the relative amounts of the benefits and the periods for which they can be claimed have been reduced.
Ipak se u svim članicama EU zbog povećanih izdvajanja za nezaposlene i smanjivanja proračunskih rashoda te vjerovanja da će to potaknuti nezaposlene na aktivnije traženje posla, od početka 1990-ih postrožuju kriteriji za ostvarivanje naknada i pomoći za vrijeme nezaposlenosti, smanjuju se relativni iznosi naknada te skraćuje njihovo trajanje.
To put into operation the strategy and measures for the encouragement of employment and economic development, in 1993 the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment was brought out; in this, the challenges, difficulties and the ways in which they could be solved were clearly stated (European Commission, 1993).
Radi operacionalizacije strategije i mjera poticanja zapošljavanja i gospodarskog razvoja 1993. donesen je White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment u kojemu su jasno navedeni izazovi, teškoće i načini njihova razrješavanja (European Commision, 1993).
The EU aim was to spur economic growth based on creativity and productivity, and the implementation of a social or welfare policy acceptable to the member countries, thus improving social and economic cohesion.
Cilj EU jest poticanje gospodarskog razvoja utemeljenoga na stvaralaštvu i proizvodnosti te ostvarivanje socijalne politike prihvatljive zemljama članicama, čime bi se poboljšala socijalna i ekonomska kohezija.
The European Council helps and encourages members to improve their education and training, including measures of accelerating employability and narrowing the educational gap.
Europsko vijeće potiče i pomaže članicama u poboljšanju obrazovanja i osposobljavanja, uključujući i mjere pospješivanja zapošljivosti i smanjivanja obrazovnog jaza.
The Council constantly stresses the need for the development of an active employment policy, which apart from reducing unemployment, also helps in the reintegration of the unemployed and the provision of equal opportunities for everyone.
Vijeće stalno ističe potrebu razvijanja aktivne politike zapošljavanja, koja osim što povećava nezaposlenost, omogućuje i reintegraciju nezaposlenih i osiguranje jednakih mogućnosti svima.
At the same time, the Council is aiming at the establishment of gender and age equality, the protection of those at risk and ethnic minorities, and a consistent and ongoing encouragement of social integration, under the motto that employment is the best defence against poverty and social exclusion.
Ujedno, Vijeće teži izgradnji spolne i dobne jednakosti, zaštiti ugroženih i nacionalnih manjina, te dosljednom i trajnom poticanju socijalne integracije pod motom da je zapošljavanje najbolja obrana od siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti.
Since about 1997, the EU has stepped up its activities aimed at reducing social exclusion, and the Amsterdam Treaty stressed the need for the creation of an advisory Employment Committee, while in the same year a decision was adopted about putting an appropriate strategy into force.
Približno od 1997. godine EU je pojačao aktivnosti protiv socijalne isključenosti, pa je Ugovor iz Amsterdama naglasio potrebu stvaranja savjetodavnog Vijeća za zapošljavanje (Employment Committee), dok je iste godine donesena odluka o osnaživanju odgovarajuće strategije.
In this, an increasingly greater stress should be placed on the creation of a system of social protection to stimulate employment and accelerate employability.
U njoj bi sve jači naglasak trebao biti na ostvarivanju sustava socijalne zaštite koji bi poticao zapošljavanje i pospješio zapošljivost.
The European Employment Strategy is part of a broader political programme that the Union launched in 1997 in Luxembourg, and ratified in 2000 in Lisbon, with the purpose of creating an EU that would be the most dynamic and most competitive region in the world, founded upon knowledge, a sustainable environment friendly to economic growth, in order to induce greater employment and social cohesion.
Europska strategija zapošljavanja (The European Employment Strategy) dio je šireg političkog programa koji je Unija pokrenula 1997. godine u Luxembourgu, a potvrdila 2000. u Lisabonu, s ciljem stvaranja EU kao najdinamičnijega i najkonkurentnijeg područja svijeta, utemeljenoga na znanju, održivome i čovjekovoj okolini naklonjenom gospodarskom rastu, što bi potaknulo veće zapošljavanje i socijalnu koheziju.
In the conditions of the creation of a common market and currency it is necessary to coordinate, adjust and approximate (though not to equate) social policies, in order to deepen the consensus and to make use of the experience of various different states.
U uvjetima stvaranja zajedničkog tržišta i monete potrebno je koordinirati, usaglašavati i približavati (ne i izjednačivati) socijalnu politiku, čime bi se produbio konsenzus i iskoristila iskustva različitih država.
There was total acceptance of the viewpoint that employment and social protection had to work together for the purpose of reducing exclusion and stimulating integration via participation in the labour market.
U potpunosti je prihvaćen stav da zapošljavanje i socijalna zaštita moraju djelovati zajedno u smanjivanju isključenosti i poticanju integriranja sudjelovanjem na tržištu rada.
In its monitoring of unemployment and employment and social policy, the EU regularly collects and considers 18 indicators« connected with the fight against poverty and social exclusion.
U praćenju (ne)zaposlenosti i socijalne politike EU redovito prikuplja i razmatra 18 pokazateljaii vezanih za borbu protiv siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti.
The list of these indicators draws attention to the complexity and multidimensionality of poverty and constitutes a foundation for the consideration and working of national and international programmes and the construction of a poverty eradication policy.
Popis tih pokazatelja upozorava na složenost i multidimenzioniranu prirodu siromaštva te čini temelje za razmatranje i djelovanje nacionalnih i međunarodnih programa i izgradnju politike suzbijanja siromaštva.
The European Employment Strategy defines the framework of the employment programmes for member countries, which the countries make annual reports on.
Europska strategija zapošljavanja određuje okvir programa zapošljavanja članicama EU, o kojima te zemlje dostavljaju godišnje izvještaje.
The member countries carry out and report on their employment and labour market policies to do with four groups of issues:
U politici zapošljavanja i tržišta rada zemlje članice svoje aktivnosti i izvještavanje ostvaruju vezano za četiri skupine pitanja:
• improving employability and quality of work - with an emphasis on an active labour market policy, particularly oriented towards the young and the long-term unemployed;
• poboljšanje zapošljivosti i kvalitete posla - s naglaskom na aktivnoj politici tržišta rada, posebice usmjerenoj prema mladima i dugotrajno nezaposlenima;
• the development of enterprise - most of all through deregulation, the simplification of approaches to the market and the easier foundation of small firms;
• razvoj poduzetništva - ponajviše deregulacijom, pojednostavnjivanjem pristupa tržištu i lakšim osnivanjem malih tvrtki;
• encouraging the adaptability of firms and employees in which an important active role is given to social partners;
• poticanje prilagodljivosti poslovnih subjekata i zaposlenih u kojemu se važna i aktivna uloga daje socijalnim partnerima;
• the strengthening of the equal opportunities policy, focusing on the problem of employment and equal conditions of work for women and people with reduced capacities for work.
• jačanje politike jednakih mogućnosti, s težištem na problematici zapošljavanja i jednakim uvjetima rada žena i osoba sa smanjenim radnim sposobnostima.
As for employability and quality of work, in the reporting process the emphasis is placed on the supply of work, while relatively little attention is devoted to the actual quality of jobs.
Kad je riječ o zapošljivosti i kvaliteti posla, u izvještavanju se težište stavlja na ponudu rada, dok se relativno mala pozornost pridaje samoj kvaliteti posla.
A considerable advance has been made in improving knowledge and expertise, and in whole-life learning and professional development.
Znatan je napredak ostvaren u poboljšanju znanja i stručnosti, te u cjeloživotnom učenju i profesionalnom razvoju.
Half the members have adopted whole-life learning strategies, but the implementation of them is still in the early phases.
Polovica članica usvojila je strategiju o cjeloživotnom učenju, ali je njezina provedba tek u početnoj fazi.
At the level of the EU and within members there is clearly lack of adequate coordination and synergy among various competent bodies (ministries, offices and agencies).
Na razini EU i unutar članica jasno se očituje nedovoljna koordinacija i sinergija različitih mjerodavnih tijela (ministarstava, ureda i agencija).
Within the set developing enterprise, a great accent is placed on the simplification of administrative procedures and legal approaches that determine the creation and development of business units.
U sklopu poticanja poduzetništva velik se naglasak stavlja na pojednostavnjivanje administrativnih postupaka i zakonskih rješenja koja određuju nastajanje i razvoj poslovnih jedinica.
In several countries there is increased activity aimed at suppressing unreported work, while at the same time there is an attempt (slow, if truth be told) to reduce the burden of taxes and social security contributions.
U više zemalja pojačane su djelatnosti protiv neprijavljenog rada, a istodobno se (istina, sporo) nastoji smanjiti teret poreza i doprinosa za socijalno osiguranje.
In most countries, ongoing attempts are being made at simplifying the regulations concerned with hiring and firing, which are believed to be essential components of labour market flexibility.
U većini zemalja stalno se pokušavaju pojednostavniti odredbe o lakšem zapošljavanju i otpuštanju radnika, za koje se vjeruje da su bitna sastavnica fleksibilnosti tržišta rada.
Other forms of flexibility relate to flexible working time and flexible forms of work.
Drugi oblici fleksibilnosti odnose se na pitanja prilagodljivoga radnog vremena i fleksibilnih oblika rada.
In many countries, the social partners are working very hard together to improve security and health at work, because as a whole the situation is not satisfactory.
U mnogim članicama socijalni partneri vrlo intenzivno surađuju pokušavajući poboljšati sigurnost i zdravlje na radu, jer je u cjelini stanje nezadovoljavajuće.
Surprisingly, most countries have not undertaken (or at least, have not informed the EU about) any very significant activities to achieve full computer literacy in society up to 2003.
Iznenađuje, ali većina zemalja nije poduzela (ili barem o tome nije izvijestila EU) znatnije aktivnosti za postizanje pune informatičke pismenosti u društvu do 2003. godine.
Some countries are a very fine example of activity and innovative approaches to gender equality in the world of work, a better synchronization of life and work, and the reduction of diverse forms of discrimination (especially Denmark).
Pojedine su zemlje vrlo lijep primjer aktivnosti i inovativnog pristupa spolnoj ravnopravnosti u svijetu rada, boljoj usuglašenosti života i rada, te smanjivanju raznovrsnih diskriminacija (posebice Danska).
As a whole, the achievements of the European Employment Strategy are very positive and encouraging.
U cjelini, učinci Europske strategije zapošljavanja vrlo su pozitivni i ohrabrujući.
Particularly much was achieved in 2000, when the EU saw an average increase of 3.3% in GDP, an increase of productivity of 1.6%, accompanied by the creation of three million new jobs, and a reduction of the rate of unemployment to 8.3% (corresponding to the level of the early 1990s).
Osobito je mnogo postignuto u 2000. godini, kada je u EU ostvareno prosječno povećanje BDP-a za 3,3%, porast proizvodnosti rada za 1,6% što je pratilo i stvaranje 3 milijuna novih radnih mjesta i snižavanje nezaposlenosti na 8,3% (to odgovara razini s početka 1990-ih).
According to predictions of the rate of unemployment of those capable of working and of the employment of women in EU member countries, these should be 67 and 57% by 2005, and 70 and 60% by 2010.
Prema predviđanjima stope ukupne zaposlenosti radno sposobnog stanovništva i zaposlenosti žena u članicama EU, one bi 2005. godine trebale iznositi 67 i 57%, te 70 i 60% do 2010. godine.
At the same time, valuable effects of structural reforms in the European labour market were seen, particularly greater employment in the high technology and scientific research sector, as well as improved entry of women into the labour market.
Ujedno se očituju vrijedni učinci strukturnih reformi na europskom tržištu rada, posebice veće zapošljavanje u sektorima visoke tehnologije i znanstvenih istraživanja, kao i pojačani ulazak žena na tržište rada.
What remain of the essential structural weaknesses of the European labour market are the still high share of long-term unemployed (especially the young), considerable gender biases and low rates of unemployment for older workers.
Od bitnih strukturnih slabosti europskog tržišta rada i nadalje ostaje visok udio dugotrajno nezaposlenih (pogotovo mladih), znatne razlike po spolu te niske stope zaposlenosti starijih radnika.
By 2010 the rate of employment for those in the 55 to 64 age group should be increased to 50%.
Do 2010. godine trebalo bi podići stopu zaposlenih u dobi od 55 do 64 godine na 50%.
Everything stated here is a sign that it is necessary to make use of the various mechanisms for achieving a lasting improvement in the labour market.
Sve navedeno znak je da treba iskoristiti razne mehanizme ostvarenja trajnog poboljšanja na tržištu rada.
Part of this, undoubtedly, is the active European employment and labour market policy, but this is not enough by itself.
Dio toga je nedvojbeno aktivna europska politika zapošljavanja i tržišta rada, no ona sama nije dovoljna.
For this reason in the future the aim of the strategy should be the achievement of a synergy of active employment and labour market policies and coordination of macroeconomic policies.
Stoga će u budućnosti cilj strategije biti postizanje sinergije aktivnih politika zapošljavanja i tržišta rada te koordinacije makroekonomskih politika.
Employment and the condition in the labour market are of common interest, and in conditions of monetary union they cannot be left only to the member states.
Zapošljavanje i stanje na tržištu rada zajednički su interes, a u uvjetima monetarne unije oni ne mogu biti prepušteni samo državama članicama.
Just as the employment/unemployment situation varies in the different EU member states, so there are considerable divergences among the countries that are in the first round for joining.
Kao što se stanje zaposlenosti i nezaposlenosti razlikuje u pojedinim članica EU, znatne su i razlike među zemljama koje su u prvom krugu uključenja.
In fact the differences are almost greater than the similarities.
Razlike među njima gotovo su veće od sličnosti.
While one group of such countries had relatively low rates of unemployment in 2000 (Estonia, Czech Republic, Hungary 7 to 9%), a second group had very high rates of recorded unemployment (Bulgaria, Slovakia and Poland 15 to 18%).
Dok je jedna skupina tih zemalja 2000. godine bilježila relativno niže stope nezaposlenosti (Estonija, Češka i Mađarska 7 do 9%), druga je skupina imala vrlo visoke stope evidentirane nezaposlenosti (Bugarska, Slovačka i Poljska 15 do 18%).
Slovenia, after a high recorded unemployment rate in the 1990s (around 15%), managed to cut this to around 12% in 2000 (Vidović, 2002).
Slovenija je nakon visoke evidentirane nezaposlenosti sredinom 1990-ih (stopa oko 15%) 2000. godine postigla sniženje stope na 12% (Vidovic, 2002).
The unemployment rate alone is not an adequate indicator of the gravity of the situation in the labour market; rather, the structure of unemployed looking for work needs to be made clear.
Sama stopa nezaposlenosti nije dovoljan pokazatelj ozbiljnosti stanja na tržištu rada, već treba predočiti i strukturu nezaposlenih koji čekaju na zaposlenje.
In this Poland is the best off - the long-term unemployed (those waiting for work for more than a year) were about 40% of total unemployed, while Slovenia was worst-off, with almost two thirds of the unemployed waiting for more than 11 months.
U tome je pak Poljska najbolja; u njoj dugotrajno nezaposlenih (onih koji su čekali na zaposlenje više od godine dana) među ukupno nezaposlenima bilo je oko 40%, a najlošije je stanje u Sloveniji, gdje gotovo dvije trećine nezaposlenih čeka dulje od 11 mjeseci.
The situations in Bulgaria and Latvia are only slightly better.
Neznatno je povoljnije stanje u Bugarskoj i Latviji.
It would seem that the existing situation in the labour markets - high and debilitating unemployment - is nevertheless not an insuperable barrier to entry into the EU, not even for large countries such as Poland and Romania; hence there is no reason to suppose that it should be for Croatia either.
Čini se da postojeće stanje na tržištima rada - odnosno visoka i nepovoljna nezaposlenost - ipak nisu veća prepreka za ulazak u EU, čak ni za veće zemlje kao što su Poljska i Rumunjska, pa stoga ne bi trebalo biti ni za Hrvatsku.
As from its own members, the EU sets those countries in the first round (Poland, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia) the requirement to draw up annual national employment programmes, and reports on their implementation.
Kao i od svojih članica, EU zemljama prvog kruga priključivanja (Poljske, Češke Republike, Estonije, Mađarske i Slovenije) postavlja zahtjeve za izradom godišnjega nacionalnog programa zapošljavanja i izvještavanje o njegovoj provedbi.
At the same time, the EU does not impose any particular requirements on them for the transitional period in the sense of employment and hiring, but does seek additional information about social protection, labour legislation, equal opportunities for men and women and discrimination in hiring.
Istodobno, EU im ne postavlja posebne zahtjeve za tranzicijsko razdoblje u smislu zaposlenosti i zapošljavanja, ali traži dodatne informacije o socijalnoj zaštiti, radnom zakonodavstvu, jednakom položaju žena i muškaraca te o diskriminaciji pri zapošljavanju.
MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN CROATIA
OBILJEŽJA ZAPOSLENOSTI I NEZAPOSLENOSTI U RH
This part of the paper will consider features of the labour market in Croatia, particularly the working age population, rates of activity, trends and markers of employment, and the scope and structure of unemployment.
U ovom dijelu rada razmatraju se odrednice tržišta rada u Hrvatskoj, posebice stanovništvo u radnoj dobi, stope aktivnosti, kretanje i obilježja zaposlenosti, te obujam i struktura nezaposlenosti.
In the ten year period under observation, from 1991 to 2001, the total population fell by 150,000 (3%), but the working age population increased by more than 500 thousand.
U promatranom desetogodišnjem razdoblju, od 1991. do 2000. godine, ukupan broj stanovnika smanjio se za 150 000 (3%), ali se radno sposobno stanovništvo povećalo za više od 500 tisuća.
Simultaneously, the activity rate (active in labour force / working age population) fell from 65.3% in 1991, to 50.7% in 2000.
Istodobno se smanjila stopa aktivnosti (aktivni / radno sposobni) s 65,3% u 1991. na 50,7% u 2000. godini.
This reduction was mostly the consequence in a fall of the number of employed persons (by 285,000 or 14%), which was accompanied by a growth (absolutely and unexpectedly weaker) in the total number of unemployed persons (69,000).
Navedeno je smanjenje ponajviše posljedica pada broja zaposlenih osoba (za 258 000 ili 14%) što je bilo praćeno (apsolutno neočekivano slabijim) porastom ukupnog broja nezaposlenih osoba (69 000).
The greatest absolute fall in the number of employed was recorded in legal entities, irrespective of the form of ownership.
Najveći apsolutni pad broja zaposlenih zabilježen je u pravnim osobama bez obzira na oblik vlasništva.
However, divergent trends with total unemployment should be remarked: while the number of those employed in legal entities has fallen by practically a fifth, the number of those in trades and self-employed occupations has increased by almost three fifths.
Potrebno je upozoriti na divergentna kretanja unutar ukupne zaposlenosti: dok se broj zaposlenih u pravnim osobama svih oblika vlasništva smanjio gotovo za petinu, broj zaposlenih u obrtu i u slobodnim zanimanjima povećao se za gotovo tri petine.
If we look at employment in legal entities not including the army and the police (which is the only definition of employment comparable over the whole period), the fall came cumulatively, as compared with the situation before the transition, to about 35%, with a recovery that is visible only at the end of the period under observation (Biondić et al., 2002).
Promotrimo li zaposlenost u pravnim osobama bez vojske i policije (što je jedina definicija zaposlenosti usporediva tijekom cijelog razdoblja), pad je kumulativno, u odnosu prema stanju prije tranzicije, iznosio oko 35%, uz oporavak koji je vidljiv tek potkraj promatranog razdoblja (Biondić i sur.,
This is the consequence of the hiring of skilled younger people, as well as the further training and education of those already employed.
To je rezultat zapošljavanja mladih školovanih osoba, ali i daljnjeg školovanja i obrazovanja već zaposlenih.
Since changes are however best visible at longer intervals, we give some details about the labour force in 1981, 1986 and 1996 and, for comparison, data about the educational structure of the unemployed in 1996.
Kako se pomaci ipak očituju u duljem vremenskom razdoblju, donosimo podatke za zaposlene 1981, 1986. i 1996. godine te, za usporedbu, podatke o obrazovnoj strukturi nezaposlenih za 1996. godinu.
The educational and qualification level of the population and the employed are important factors in employment, the alleviation of poverty and social exclusion, and the attainment of economic development.
Obrazovna i kvalifikacijska razina stanovništva i zaposlenih značajni su činitelji zapošljavanja, ublažavanja siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti, te ostvarivanja gospodarskog razvoja.
In a relatively short period, the structure of the labour force according to level of formally acquired educational qualifications was much improved (of course, we do not go into the question of the real quality of given educational curricula and courses).
I u relativno kratkom razdoblju znatno je poboljšana struktura radne snage prema stupnju (formalno) stečene školske spreme (naravno, ne ulazimo u pitanja stvarne kvalitete pojedinih obrazovnih programa i studija).
While in 1981 almost half of the employees had not even finished elementary school, in 1996, there were less than a tenth of such people among the employed.
Dok je 1981. godine gotovo petina zaposlenih imala nezavršenu osnovnu školu, u 1996. godini bilo ih je manje od desetine među zaposlenima.