natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
A well articulated public discussion could nevertheless help in formulating arguments to support Croatia's case on this and other important issues, and in deciding on the priority areas that need adjustment and hence longer transitional periods.
Dobro pripremljena javna diskusija svejedno bi pomogla u formuliranju argumenata koji podržavaju hrvatsko stajalište u tom i drugim važnim pitanjima, te u odlučivanju o prioritetnim područjima kojima je potrebna prilagodba i, prema tome, duže prijelazno razdoblje.
Turning to the real estate market, Section 3 identified two channels through which the opening of Croatia's real estate market to EU residents could affect housing prices and affordability: expectations of future price increases, and housing supply rigidities in the event a rapid liberalisation leads to a sudden increase in demand for property by foreign investors.
U trećem poglavlju utvrđeno je postojanje dvaju načina putem kojih otvaranje tržišta nekretnina rezidentima EU može utjecati na stambeno tržište i dostupnost stanova: očekivanja budućih porasta cijena i rigidnosti stambene ponude ako bi brza liberalizacija dovela do naglog porasta potražnje.
Recommendations in this area are therefore more straightforward.
Preporuke u vezi s tim su jasne.
First, the authorities need to stabilise the expectations that a housing boom on the Adriatic is imminent.
Prvo, trebalo bi smiriti očekivanja da je uzlet na stambenom tržištu na Jadranu neizbježan.
Particularly helpful in this respect would be a more transparent and efficient application of existing regulations on sales of real estate to foreigners, and the continued determined implementation of the latest regulation on housing construction and protection of the coastal public domain.
Posebno bi bilo korisno u tom smislu transparentnije i efikasnije primjenjivati postojeće propise o prodaji nekretnina strancima te nastaviti odlučno provoditi propise o izgradnji i najnoviju uredbu o zaštiti obalnog područja.
Second, much can be done to improve the legislative framework and administrative procedures for property transactions.
Drugo, mnogo se može učiniti u poboljšanju zakonskog okvira i administrativnih procedura koje određuju promet nekretnina.
Legal uncertainty is probably a major constraint on the potential supply of permanent housing in the secondary market at present.
Pravna je nesigurnost danas vjerojatno najveće ograničenje potencijalne ponude stambenih objekata na sekundarnom tržištu.
Clean property titles and orderly and more efficient cadastres would bring to the market many houses, apartments and pieces of land that are currently withheld from the market.
Ciste vlasničke isprave i uredan i efikasan katastar pomogli bi da se u ponudu uključe mnoge kuće, stanovi i zemljišta koji se trenutačno ne nalaze na tržištu.
Third, one aspect of housing finance that is visible in most industrial countries and many new EU members but is absent in Croatia is involvement of the state in the mortgage market.
Treće, jedan od aspekata financiranja stambenog tržišta koji postoji u većini industrijskih zemalja i u mnogim novim članicama EU, a kojega nema u Hrvatskoj, jest uključenost države u razvoj tržišta stambenih kredita.
Hungary and Poland, for instance, introduced legislation on mortgage bonds and mortgage banks following the German approach, while in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Slovakia commercial banks can obtain a mortgage banking license and issue mortgage bonds, which provide banks with an alternative tool to raise funds earmarked for housing loans.
Primjerice, Mađarska i Poljska su prema njemačkom primjeru donijele propise o hipotekarnim obveznicama i hipotekarnim bankama, dok u Bugarskoj, Ceškoj, Latviji i Slovačkoj poslovne banke mogu dobiti dozvolu za hipotekarno bankarstvo i izdavanje hipotekarnih obveznica, što bankama dodatno omogućuje prikupljanje sredstva namijenjenih stambenim kreditima.
In addition, in most European countries the state has been providing a limited amount of housing loans directly, by establishing public funds to promote housing construction and finance.
Država u mnogim europskim zemljama, osim toga, izravno dodjeljuje ograničeni iznos stambenih kredita putem javnih fondova koji potiču stambenu izgradnju i financiranje.
While Croatia has developed two such schemes, it is not clear that one of them (the POS scheme) is well targeted.
Iako je Hrvatska razvila dva takva programa, neizvjesno je jeli jedan od njih (POS) dobro usmjeren.
In Section 4 it was argued that the character of Croatia's tourism is not likely to change significantly with the growth of foreign ownership of vacation homes.
U četvrtom se poglavlju tvrdi da se priroda hrvatskog turizma neće bitno izmijeniti s porastom broja inozemnih vlasnika kuća za odmor.
While some additional pressures on the environment and local economies can be expected, they would not differ qualitatively from the pressures that tourist resorts are already experiencing with the robust growth of tourism in recent years.
Iako se mogu očekivati dodatni pritisci na okoliš i lokalno gospodarstvo, oni se neće kvalitativno razlikovati od pritisaka koje već sada doživljavaju turistička mjesta zbog snažnog porasta turizma proteklih godina.
As for the broader implications of EU accession on Croatia's tourism industry, these can be largely separated from the issue of increased foreign ownership of vacation homes.
Širi utjecaji pristupanja Uniji na hrvatski turizam mogu se promatrati odvojeno od pitanja povećanoga inozemnog vlasništva kuća za odmor.
Most tourism regions in Croatia will have to face choices about diversifying their source and product markets, imposing stricter development controls and improving the quality of their tourism product irrespective of accession to the EU.
Većina turističkih područja morat će samostalno i neovisno o pristupanju Hrvatske Uniji odlučiti kako diversificirati svoje usluge, osigurati strogu kontrolu gradnje i neprekidno poboljšavati kvalitetu turističkih usluga.
Given the ease of entry into tourism, which is domina ted by fragmented indigenous capital, they will also face greater competition from other southern European destinations and the challenge of constantly adapting to new forms of demand.
U uvjetima relativno lakog ulaska u turističku djelatnost, kojom dominira fragmentirani domaći kapital, turistička mjesta u Hrvatskoj također će biti suočena s većom konkurencijom ostalih južnoeuropskih odredišta i s izazovom stalne prilagodbe novim oblicima potražnje.
Some resorts may decline as a result unless they are reinvigorated by new investment and innovation.
Stoga će neka turistička mjesta možda nazadovati ako ih ne ožive nove investicije i inovacije.
In this area, foreign investment in real estate could play a very useful role.
U tom bi smislu inozemne investicije u nekretnine mogle odigrati vrlo korisnu ulogu.
Regarding the macroeconomic effects of foreign investment in the property sector, no one knows exactly how many foreigners may eventually end up buying property in Croatia.
Kad je riječ o makroekonomskim učincima inozemnih investicija u nekretnine, treba naglasiti da nitko ne zna koliko će stranaca konačno kupiti nekretnine u Hrvatskoj.
Perhaps the share of secondary residences owned by foreigners will never be as high as for instance the 50% share in Spain.
Možda udio inozemnih vlasnika kuća za odmor neće nikada biti 50% kao u Španjolskoj.
In the case of Croatia, this would imply purchases of some 100,000 vacation homes by foreigners, resulting in potential inflows of 5 billion euros, or 20% of GDP.
Za Hrvatsku bi to značilo da stranci kupe oko 100.000 kuća za odmor, što bi rezultiralo potencijalnim priljevom od barem 5 milijardi eura, ili 20% BDP-a.
But as argued in Section 5, even if foreigners purchase only a few thousand vacation homes, the effects on the local and national economies would be sufficiently high to warrant caution on the part of macroeconomic policy makers.
No kako se tvrdi u petom poglavlju, čak i kada bi stranci kupili samo desetak tisuća kuća, učinak na lokalno i nacionalno gospodarstvo bio bi dovoljno velik da zasluži veću pažnju makroekonomista i nosilaca ekonomske politike nego što je trenutačno slučaj.
Measuring the economic impact of tourism: Tourism Satellite Account
Mjerenje ekonomskog utjecaja turizma: turistička satelitska bilanca
Tourism plays a significant role in many economies in terms of the production of goods and services and the creation of employment opportunities.
Turizam u mnogim gospodarstvima ima značajnu ulogu u smislu proizvodnje dobara i usluga te stvaranja radnih mjesta.
However, tourism remains difficult to define and measure, and as a result the industry suffers from a credibility problem.
No turizam je teško definirati i mjeriti, pa se brojkama u ovoj grani rijetko vjeruje.
In the case of conventional industries such as agriculture or manufacturing, the contribution of industry to GDP is measured from the supply side, i.e., from the value of goods and services they produce.
Za tradicionalne grane kao što su poljoprivreda ili industrija udio u BDP-u mjeri se na strani ponude, tj. prema vrijednosti proizvedenih dobara i usluga.
In the case of tourism, this conventional approach covers mainly the output provided by the hotel and restaurant industry, which is equivalent to only about 3% of GDP in Croatia.
Za turizam taj konvencionalni pristup uključuje samo prodane usluge hotela i restorana, što u Hrvatskoj čini samo oko 3% BDP-a.
Yet the contribution of tourism to GDP goes far beyond this narrow definition, to other industries supplying tourism output such as agriculture, fishing, the food industry, construction, transportation, cultural establishments, etc.
No doprinos turizma BDP-u širi je od te uske definicije jer druge grane kao što su poljoprivreda, ribarstvo, proizvodnja hrane, graditeljstvo, promet, kultura, itd. opskrbljuju turizam.
In the past, economists relied on estimates of income multipliers to approximate indirect effects of tourism on domestic industries other than hotels and restaurants.
U prošlosti su se ekonomisti oslanjali na ocjene dohodovnih multiplikatora da bi procijenili neizravan učinak turizma na domaće grane osim hotela i restorana.'
m This methodology, however, is unreliable as it is based on many ad hoc assumptions.
11 Ta je metodologija nepouzdana jer se zasniva na mnogim ad hoc pretpostavkama.
In contrast, TSA recast the national accounts so as to identify the diverse products and services that are delivered to domestic and foreign visitors.
Suprotno tome, turistička satelitska bilanca (TSB) prepravlja nacionalne račune tako da identificira različite proizvode i usluge koji se pružaju domaćim i inozemnim posjetiocima.
On the demand side, TSA include two basic aggregates:
Na strani potražnje TSB uključuje dva osnovna agregata.
• Travel and tourism consumption, which includes four components:
• Potrošnja turizma i putovanja; obuhvaća četiri komponente:
(i) the value of products and services consumed by domestic and international visitors for personal travel and tourism;
(i) vrijednost proizvoda i usluga koje troše domaći i međunarodni posjetioci za osobna putovanja i turizam;
(ii) business travel by government and industry;
(ii) poslovna putovanja u državnoj upravi i poduzećima;
(iii) expenditure by individual government agencies and departments that specialise in visitor services (cultural and recreational establishments, immigration and customs, etc) and
(iii) rashode državnih agencija i odjela koji pružaju usluge posjetiocima (kulturne i rekreacijske ustanove, carina i granične službe itd.);
(iv) spending by international visitors on goods and services (socalled visitor exports).
(iv) potrošnja inozemnih posjetilaca na dobra i usluge (tzv. visitor exports, izvoz posjetiocima).
• Travel and tourism demand, which estimates a broader, economywide impact of tourism and includes three components:
• Potražnja turizma i putovanja; ocjenjuje širi utjecaj turizma na gospodarstvo i obuhvaća tri komponente:
(i) public spending on tourism promotion, aviation administration, security and similar services made on behalf of the community at large but closely associated with tourism (so-called collective government expenditure);
(i) javnu potrošnju za turističku promociju, zrakoplovnu upravu, sigurnost i slične usluge koje se pružaju široj zajednici, ali su usko vezane uz turizam (tzv. kolektivna državna potrošnja);
(ii) capital investments to provide facilities, equipment and infrastructure to visitors and
(ii) kapitalne investicije u kapacitete, opremu i infrastrukturu kojom se koriste posjetioci;
(iii) goods and capital sent abroad for ultimate sale to visitors or use by providers of travel and tourism services (so-called non-visitor exports).
(iii) dobra i kapital poslan u inozemstvo za prodaju budućim posjetiocima ili za korištenje posrednika u putovanjima (tzv. non-visitor exports, izvoz budućim posjetiocima).
On the supply side, TSA also produce two different aggregates: the travel and tourism industry and the travel and tourism economy.
Na strani ponude TSB sadržava dva različita agregata: industriju turizma i putovanja i ekonomiju turizma i putovanja.
The former captures only the direct impact of travel and tourism for comparison with conventional industries such as manufacturing.
Prvi obuhvaća samo izravan utjecaj turizma i putovanja te se može usporediti s konvencionalnim granama kao što je industrija.
The latter captures the broader, indirect, or economy-wide impact of travel and tourism.
Drugi obuhvaća širi, neizravan utjecaj turizma i putovanja na cijelo gospodarstvo.
The TSA show separately the portion of travel and tourism supply that is imported (including expenditure on outbound travel by domestic residents), and also calculate direct and indirect components of value added produced by travel and tourism industry.
TSB prikazuje zasebno onaj dio ponude turizma i putovanja koji se uvozi (uključivo rashode za putovanja domaćih rezidenata), te izračunava izravnu i neizravnu komponentu dodane vrijednosti koju stvara grana turizma i putovanja.
Finally, the TSA show employment for travel and tourism industry and travel and tourism economy.
Konačno, TSB prikazuje zapošljavanje u industriji turizma i putovanja te u ekonomiji turizma i putovanja.
ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION AND PHYSICAL (SPATIAL) PLANNING IN CROATIA
PROCES PRIDRUŽIVANJA EUROPSKOJ UNIJI I PROSTORNO UREĐENJE HRVATSKE
Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction Zagreb
Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša, prostornog uređenja i graditeljstva Zagreb
The increasingly rapid pace of social and economic development often brings different forms of land use (for residential, industrial or leisure and recreational purposes) into conflict.
Sve brži socijalni i ekonomski razvoj često dovodi različite namjene prostora (npr. stambene, industrijske ili turističke) u međusobni sukob.
Since the territory does not close with the administrative boundaries of municipalities, cities, regions and the country itself, there are increasingly numerous demands for the space to be considered in a broader context, from the local to the European, in order to avoid disharmonies, adverse impacts and also to preserve individual values.
S obzirom na to da prostor ne završava administrativnim granicama općina, gradova, regija i država, sve su brojniji zahtjevi za sagledavanjem prostora u širem kontekstu, od lokalnoga do europskoga, kako bi se izbjegle međusobne neusklađenosti, nepovoljni utjecaji, ali i očuvale specifične vrijednosti.
Handling territorial problems and the planning of space do not refer just to the planning and harmonisation of various land uses, the protection of the environment, the natural and cultural heritage, but also impinge on the economy, law, social and welfare matters and science and politics.
Rješavanje problema u prostoru, kao i njegovo planiranje, ne odnosi se samo na planiranje i usklađivanje različitih namjena površina, zaštitu okoliša, prirodne i kulturne baštine, već zadire u ekonomiju, pravo, socijalna pitanja, znanost i politiku.
Since territory has become a new dimension of EU policy, the spatial development of the Union is one of the topics that have gained in importance in recent years.
Kako je prostor postao nova dimenzija politike EU, prostorni razvoj EU jedna je od tema koje posljednjih godina dobiva sve veću važnost.
Accordingly, at EU level, institutions are being organised and documents developed and adopted to spur the harmonisation of country spatial policies, the planning of sustainable development, the preservation of individual diversities, and collaboration.
Slijedom toga, na razini EU organiziraju se institucije te razvijaju i donose dokumenti kojima se potiče usklađivanje državnih prostornih politika, planiranje održivog razvoja, očuvanje vlastite raznolikosti i suradnja.
Croatia too will be required to become acquainted with these documents and to apply them.
S tim će se dokumentima trebati upoznati i Hrvatska i primijeniti ih.
The objective of this paper is to assess where physical planning is in Croatia as compared with the spatial development of EU member states, and whether Croatia has the strength to change its way of thinking, behaving and working in this domain, in order to be able to play an equal part in the creation of the European space.
Cilj je ovog rada ocijeniti gdje se nalazi prostorno planiranje Hrvatske u odnosu prema prostornom razvoju zemalja članica EU i ima li Hrvatska snage promijeniti način razmišljanja, ponašanja i rada u tom području kako bi ravnopravno sudjelovala u kreiranju europskog prostora.
space, territorial cohesion, spatial development, physical (spatial) planning, Croatia, European Union
prostor, prostorna povezanost, prostorni razvoj, prostorno planiranje, Hrvatska, Europska unija
In the last ten years we have witnessed increasingly rapid social, economic and cultural changes at a global and a European level, which are particularly manifested in the space.
Posljednjih desetak godina svjedoci smo sve bržih socijalnih, ekonomskih i kulturnih promjena na globalnoj i europskoj razini koje se naročito očituju u prostoru.
Roads are being built, built-up areas enlarged, the areas of forest diminished, and statistical indicators show that the area of built-up and developed space is increasingly gaining at the expense of the natural space.
Grade se prometnice, šire se naselja, smanjuju se šumske površine, a statistički pokazatelji govore kako se sve više povećava površina izgrađenog i uređenog prostora u odnosu prema prirodnom prostoru.
Technology has made every part of the space accessible, and people are no longer so dependent on natural conditions, but on the degree of physical planning in which complex and interdependent social, economic, cultural and ecological processes unfold.
Zbog tehničkih mogućnosti danas nam je svaki prostor dostupan i čovjek više ne ovisi toliko o prirodnim uvjetima, već o stupnju uređenosti prostora u kojemu se zbivaju složeni i međusobno ovisni socijalni, ekonomski, kulturni i ekološki procesi.
This means that the space is constantly changing.
To znači da se prostor stalno mijenja.
To clarify the importance of physical planning (spatial planning) in the process of accession to the EU, it is necessary to pay some attention to the significance of this activity.
Da bi nam bilo što jasnije značenje prostornog planiranja u procesu pridruživanja Hrvatske EU, čitatelje je potrebno uputiti na značenje te djelatnosti.
It is difficult to give a concise, simple and unambiguous description of concepts such as physical planning.
Teško je dati kratak, jednostavan i jednoznačan opis pojmova kao što su prostorno planiranje i prostorno uređenje.
Every country has its own expressions for the area: regional planning and physical planning.
Svaka zemlja ima svoje izraze za to područje, npr. regionalno planiranje, prostorno planiranje, uređenje prostora.
The European level, considering the size of the geographical unit involved, has introduced the terms spatial development and territorial cohesion.
Europska razina s obzirom na to da se radi o velikoj zemljopisnoj cjelini, uvela je pojmove prostorni razvoj i prostorna povezanost.
Put at its briefest, physical planning is the optimum distribution of people, assets and activities over a territory for the sake of its optimum use (Marinović-Uzelac, 2001).
Najkraće rečeno, prostorno planiranje je optimalan raspored ljudi, dobara i djelatnosti na nekom teritoriju radi njegove optimalne upotrebe (Marinović-Uzelac, 2001).
This distribution is harmonised pursuant to monitoring of the situation in the space and scientific research carried out by demographers, biologists, engineers and many other experts.
Taj se raspored usklađuje na temelju praćenja stanja u prostoru i znanstvenih istraživanja koja provode demografi, biolozi, inženjeri i brojni drugi stručnjaci.
In order to make review as simple as possible, the planned uses of the land for a given level are drawn in on certain graphic plans: geodetic or cadastral, for instance.
Radi jednostavnijeg pregleda, planirane namjene površina za određenu razinu ucrtavaju se na određenim grafičkim podlogama kao što su katastarske ili geodetske.
Since physical planning is totally within the individual purview of each country, it involves no elements of the acquis.
Budući da je prostorno planiranje u potpunoj slobodi svake pojedine države, za njega ne postoje obveze iz acquisa.
At the EU level there is no uniform spatial legislation.
Na razini EU ne postoji jedinstveno prostorno zakonodavstvo.
However, each national law in the domain of physical planning must contain certain elements of the rule of law and order, the welfare state and the democratic society.
Međutim, svaki nacionalni zakon iz područja prostornog uređenja mora sadržavati određene elemente pravne i socijalne države i demokratskog društva (o tome vidjeti u nastavku teksta).
In other words, “Regional/spatial planning gives geographical expression to the economic, social, cultural and ecological policies of society.
Drugim riječima, “regionalno/prostorno planiranje je geografski odraz ekonomske, socijalne, kulturne i ekološke politike društva.
It is at the same time a scientific discipline, an administrative technique and a policy developed as an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach directed towards a balanced regional development and the physical organisation of space according to an overall strategy” (CEMAT, 1983).
Ono je u isto vrijeme znanstvena disciplina, ali i administrativna tehnika i politika razvijena kao interdisciplinarni i obuhvatni pristup usmjeren prema uravnoteženom regionalnom razvoju i prostornoj organizaciji prostora u skladu sa sveobuhvatnom strategijom” (CEMAT, 1983).
From this brief explanation we can see that physical planning is connected with a knowledge of the complex relationships in a society.
Iz ovog kratkog objašnjenja vidimo da je prostorno planiranje vezano za poznavanje složenih odnosa u društvu.
For this reason, in the EU it is considered that physical planning in the member states should be founded on democratic principles, as well as comprehensive, functional, and oriented to the longer term.
Stoga se u EU smatra da prostorno planiranje u zemljama članicama treba biti zasnovano na demokratskim načelima, sveobuhvatno, funkcionalno i orijentirano na duže vremensko razdoblje.
How do the processes of accession and enlargement of the EU affect the area that surrounds us?
Kako proces pridruživanja i proširenja EU utječe na prostor koji nas okružuje?
With the growing economic and social integration, internal borders are increasingly losing the role of demarcation, not only in an economic and political sense, but also in a spatial sense.
S rastućom ekonomskom i socijalnom integracijom unutarnje granice sve više gube ulogu razdvajanja, ne samo u ekonomskom ili političkom smislu, već i u prostornome.