natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Since the SAA calls upon Croatia to take part in the process of regional cooperation with the countries of SEE, in the Croatian public, and in political circles as well, it has been greeted with a fair amount of scepticism, indeed with resistance.
Budući da se u SSP-u od Hrvatske zahtijeva da sudjeluje u procesu regionalne suradnje sa zemljama jugoistočne Europe, u Hrvatskoj je javnosti, pa i u političkim krugovima, dočekan s prilično skepse, pa i otpora.
The SAA constantly raises the doubt about whether Croatia should or could go into the association process on its own or part of a West Balkan package.
SSP kao da stalno nameće dvojbu treba li, odnosno može li Hrvatska u procese pridruživanja ići samostalno ili u zapadnobalkanskom paketu.
Mihaljek, for example, says that in the SAA, as against the often expressed opinions that it is thrusting us into this group, there is a clearly expressed individual character in the convergence of Croatia with the EU.
Mihaljek, primjerice, ističe da u SSP-u, suprotno često isticanim mišljenjima kako nas on gura u grupu, postoji jasno izražen individualni karakter približavanja Hrvatske EU.
As the necessary grounds for making the transition from status of potential candidate to that of full candidate for EU membership and for further negotiations about full membership, the individual capacity of Croatia to make the legal, economic and political adjustments, as well as its readiness to contribute to regional cooperation and stability in South East Europe, will be considered.
Kao temelj za prelazak iz statusa potencijalnog kandidata u status punopravnog kandidata za članstvo u EU i za daljnje pregovore o punopravnom članstvu poslužit će individualna sposobnost Hrvatske da ispuni pravne, gospodarske i političke prilagodbe te njezina spremnost da pridonosi regionalnoj suradnji i stabilnosti u jugoistočnoj Europi.
It is essential that Croatia, even without EU pressures, has to launch and carry out many reforms.
Bitno je da Hrvatska i bez »pritisaka« EU mora pokrenuti i provesti mnoge reforme.
And these reforms will be the more successful the earlier and better we carry them out, fully aware that they are really necessary to us, and are not just being forced up on us.
A te će reforme biti to uspješnije što ih provedemo prije i kvalitetnije, sa sviješću da nam one zaista trebaju, a ne da su nam nametnute.
This book should make a contribution to the maturing of such viewpoints.
I ova bi knjiga trebala pridonijeti sazrijevanju takvih stavova.
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF CROATIA'S ASSOCIATION WITH THE EU
EKONOMSKI I PRAVNI ASPEKTI PRIDRUŽIVANJA HRVATSKE EU
In this part we shall briefly outline the views of the authors of this book on certain economic and legal aspects of Croatia's joining of the EU - macroeconomics, banking and finance, taxes, state aid, trade policy, energy, agriculture, employment, the legal system, the non-governmental sector and equality between men and women.
U ovom ćemo dijelu ukratko opisati poglede autora ove knjige na određene ekonomske i pravne aspekte pridruživanja Hrvatske EU makroekonomiju, bankarstvo i financije, poreze, državne potpore, trgovinsku politiku, energetiku, poljoprivredu, zaposlenost, pravni sustav, nevladin sektor i ravnopravnost spolova.
Macroeconomics
Makroekonomija
Dubravko Mihaljek analyses the economic criteria for membership in the EU and the European Monetary Union (EMU), attempting to compare the starting position of Croatia with that of other CEE countries.
Dubravko Mihaljek analizira ekonomske kriterije za članstvo u EU i Europskoj monetarnoj uniji (EMU) te pokušava usporediti početnu poziciju Hrvatske s pozicijom drugih zemalja SIE.
He concludes that Croatia does not lag behind the other countries in CEE and that it even has a certain advantage with respect to the main macroeconomic criteria (except for the budget deficit), efficacy of investment and potential growth.
Zaključuje da Hrvatska ne zaostaje za ostalim zemljama SIE ili da čak ima određenu prednost s obzirom na glavne makroekonomske kriterije (osim proračunskog deficita), efikasnost investiranja i potencijalni rast.
However, the lag in certain important microeconomic areas - the securities market and the policy of market competition, is estimated at almost four years of systematic reform efforts.
Međutim, zaostajanje na nekim važnim mikroekonomskim područjima - tržištu vrijednosnica i u politici tržišnog natjecanja - procjenjuje se na gotovo četiri godine sustavnih reformskih napora.
For this reason it is necessary to persist in the implementation of reforms and run economic policy very circumspectly.
Stoga je nužno ustrajati u provođenju reformi i oprezno voditi ekonomsku politiku.
Banking and finance
Bankarstvo i financije
In connection with most of the criteria relating to banking and finance, Velimir Šonje concludes that Croatia has the character of an advanced country.
Kada je riječ o većini kriterija koji se odnose na bankarstvo i financije, Velimir Šonje zaključuje da Hrvatska ima karakter napredne zemlje.
A more considerable lag is observed in the area of the development of the capital market and openness to international financial flows, which in the future could turn out to be serious sources of vulnerability in the process of joining the EU.
Znatnije zaostajanje primjećuje se na području razvoja tržišta kapitala i otvorenosti za međunarodne financijske tokove, što se u budućnosti mogu pokazati ozbiljnim izvorima ranjivosti u procesu priključivanja EU.
Taxation
Porezi
Hrvoje Arbutina, Danijela Kuliš and Mihaela Pitarević conclude that the Croatian tax system is comparable with those of the members of the EU.
Hrvoje Arbutina, Danijela Kuliš i Mihaela Pitarević zaključuju da je hrvatski porezni sustav usporediv s poreznim sustavima članica EU.
The key difference is the considerably greater tax burden in Croatia than in the EU, relating, however, to contributions, which have to be gradually reduced, as the situation allows.
Ključna je razlika bitno veće porezno opterećenje u Hrvatskoj nego u EU, ali ono se odnosi na doprinose i njih će trebati, ovisno o mogućnostima, postupno snižavati.
All the essential taxes conceptually correspond to the same kind of taxes in the countries of the EU.
Svi bitni porezi koncepcijski odgovaraju istovrsnim porezima u zemljama EU.
Nevertheless, it is desirable to carry out certain adjustments to VAT as soon as possible, while the harmonisation of profit tax and of some excise taxes should be postponed until the moment when it becomes unavoidable because of accession to the EU.
Ipak, određene prilagodbe poreza na dodanu vrijednost poželjno je provesti što prije, dok usklađenja poreza na dobit, te usklađenja nekih stopa trošarina treba odgoditi do trenutka kad će se zbog pristupa EU morati izvršiti.
The maintenance of the current situation in the area of these taxes is not in line with the provisions of European tax regulations, but it is nevertheless in Croatia's interest.
Održanje sadašnjeg stanja na području tih poreza nije u skladu s odredbama europskih propisa, ali je u interesu Hrvatske.
Ana-Maria Boromisa and Mia Mikić state that during the transition period the reforms necessary for joining the EU were not carried out and that progress is slower than in the candidate countries.
Ana-Maria Boromisa i Mia Mikić navode da u Hrvatskoj tijekom tranzicijskog razdoblja nisu provedene reforme nužne za uključivanje u EU te je napredak sporiji nego u zemljama kandidatkinjama.
Croatia did, however, start the EU convergence process at a higher level of development than a number of other potential members, and the lag in the preparations for membership has not totally destroyed Croatia's initial advantages.
Hrvatska je, međutim, započela proces približavanja EU na višem stupnju razvijenosti od nekih drugih kandidata, pa to zaostajanje u pripremi za pridruživanje nije u potpunosti poništilo početne prednosti Hrvatske.
It is a question, however, whether these advantages will not perhaps completely disappear in the first phase of the next expansion of the EU.
Pitanje je, međutim, hoće li te prednosti potpuno nestati s prvom fazom idućeg proširenja EU.
Although the legal system in Croatia is very largely harmonised with the EU system, Ana-Maria Boromisa claims that the process of converging on the EU in the area of energy cannot be considered a success, because practice, that is, the manner in which the rules are interpreted and ultimately implemented, is developing in the opposite direction from the principles set up by the EU.
Iako je pravni sustav već uvelike usklađen sa sustavom EU, Ana-Maria Boromisa tvrdi da se proces približavanja EU na području energetike ne može smatrati uspješnim jer se praksa, dakle način tumačenja i konačne primjene pravnih pravila, razvija suprotno načelima koje postavlja EU.
Since the laws assume their final shape in the course of their application, and since it is much more difficult to change the way the rules are interpreted and implemented, particular attention needs to be devoted to practice during the harmonisation process.
Budući da pravna pravila dobivaju konačan oblik tek u primjeni, a način tumačenja i primjenu mnogo je teže mijenjati od samih pravila, u procesu prilagodbi osobitu važnost treba pridati praksi.
Ramona Franić and Tito Zimbrek point out that Croatian agriculture is behind that of the member countries.
Ramona Franić i Tito Zimbrek ističu kako hrvatska poljoprivreda zaostaje za zemljama članicama.
Since the signing of the SAA, the situation has been constantly improving, but Croatia will have to accept the liberalisation of EU-origin products and yet attempt to retain certain privileges.
Situacija se nakon potpisivanja SSP-a stalno poboljšava, ali će Hrvatska morati prihvatiti liberalizaciju uvoza proizvoda podrijetlom iz EU i nastojati zadržati određene povlastice.
What is crucial is to improve the competitiveness of domestic agriculture, while making sure to preserve domestic natural resources.
Ključno je poboljšati konkurentnost domaće poljoprivrede, uz istodobno očuvanje domaćih prirodnih resursa.
The harmonisation of the legislation is essential, but this technical task is less of a problem than the accommodation to be made by experts that will have to apply them.
Nužna je prilagodba zakonodavstva, iako će taj tehnički zadatak biti manji problem nego prilagodba stručnjaka koji će ih trebati primjenjivati.
Of particular importance is that domestic experts should become thoroughly acquainted with the CAP, in order to be able to cope with the challenges in the long years of negotiation and adjustment that await us.
Posebice je važno da domaći stručnjaci što bolje upoznaju ZPP kako bi se mogli nositi s njegovim izazovima u dugim godinama pregovora i prilagodbi koje nas očekuju.
The legal system
Pravni sustav
Siniša Rodin, in his paper on the legal system in Croatia, points out that certain constitutional changes are required in Croatia not only for EU membership, but even for the implementation of the SAA.
Siniša Rodin u tekstu o pravnom sustavu ističe da su u Hrvatskoj ne samo za učlanjenje u EU, već i za provedbu SSP-a prijeko potrebne određene ustavne promjene.
In this process, the measure of harmonisation of the legal system will not be just the substance of the legal norms, but also the economic and social contents that are being governed by them.
Pritom mjerilo prilagođenosti pravnog sustava neće biti isključivo sadržaj pravnih normi, već i politički, gospodarski i socijalni sadržaj koji se njima uređuje.
The non-governmental sector
Nevladin sektor
Igor Vidacak studies the relation between the non-governmental sector and the government, i.e., the civil dialogue.
Igor Vidačak proučava odnos nevladina sektora i Vlade, odnosno civilni dijalog.
He claims that this relationship is behind EU standards, but not behind those of the candidate countries.
Ističe da taj odnos zaostaje za standardima u EU, ali ne i za zemljama kandidatkinjama.
Thanks to the high-quality work of the Office for NGOs, the first steps in the right direction have been made, but in order successfully to be able to meet the requirements of the SAA and for EU accession, the government still needs to take a number of measures as does, and more importantly, the non-governmental sector.
Zahvaljujući kvalitetnom radu Ureda za udruge, prvi su koraci u dobrom smjeru napravljeni, ali za uspješno zadovoljavanje zahtjeva SSP-a i priključenja EU brojne mjere treba poduzeti Vlada, ali i, što je još važnije, nevladin sektor.
Equality between men and women
Ravnopravnost spolova
Snježana Vasiljević concludes that gender equality in Croatia has not been sufficiently regulated.
Snježana Vasiljević zaključuje da ravnopravnost spolova u Hrvatskoj nije dovoljno uređena.
Except at the constitutional level, so far no legal solution has been adopted to guarantee gender equality, or freedom of sexual orientation.
Osim na ustavnoj razini, do sada nije usvojeno nikakvo zakonsko rješenje kojim bi se jamčila ravnopravnost spolova, kao ni sloboda spolne orijentacije.
Since this is one of the obligations of the country according to international law and the SAA, it is necessary to keep a constant eye on the development of this part of European law, to take over the approaches of the more advanced members of the EU, and as soon as possible to pass a special law or to build the most essential provisions into already existing laws and, of course, to sensitise the public.
Budući da je to jedna od obveza prema međunarodnim ugovorima i prema SSP-u, potrebno je stalno pratiti razvoj tog dijela europskog prava, preuzimati rješenja naprednijih članica EU, što prije donijeti poseban zakon ili ugraditi najnužnije odredbe u već postojeće zakone te, naravno, senzibilizirati javnost, osobito ženske udruge, koje se moraju postaviti manje monopolski, a više stručno i konstruktivno.
CROATIAN CONVERGENCE WITH THE EU: THE CRUCIAL ISSUES
KLJUČNA PITANJA PRIBLIŽAVANJA HRVATSKE EU
The authors of this book have adhered to a structure of work set in advance.
Autori ove knjige držali su se unaprijed propisane strukture rada.
Both because of this structure and because of the viewpoints and considerations of the authors, certain topics have run through all the papers here, such as the issue of legal regulation within the EU itself, the distinction between normative and the real conformity with the EU, the observation of Croatian advantages and failings, comparison with other countries, and in many of the recommendations the importance of the public administration and independent bodies is particularly highlighted, as is the question of whether adjustments need to be made at once or only when EU accession is impending, and a reference is made to our attitude to regional initiatives.
Što zbog te strukture, što zbog samih stajališta i razmišljanja autora, kroz sve se tekstove provlače određene teme, npr. pitanje pravne regulacije unutar samog EU, razlikovanje normativne i stvarne usklađenosti s EU, uočavanje hrvatskih prednosti i nedostataka, usporedba s drugim zemljama, a u brojnim se preporukama posebice ističe značenje javne uprave i neovisnih tijela, kao i pitanje treba li prilagodbe provesti odmah ili tek kad priključenje EU bude aktualno, a daje se i osvrt na naš odnos prema regionalnim inicijativama.
The issue of regulation within the EU
Pitanje regulacije unutar EU
As already mentioned, the candidate countries have to take over and apply the acquis communautaire, the legal patrimony of the EU.
Kao što je već objašnjeno, zemlje kandidatkinje moraju preuzeti i primjenjivati acquis communautaire, odnosno pravnu stečevinu EU.
The acquis is above all of a normative nature, but a large number of conditions that are set up have a political and economic nature.
Acquis je prije svega normativne prirode, ali velik broj uvjeta koji se postavljaju imaju političku i gospodarsku narav.
The topics worked on in this book sometimes are and sometimes are not covered by the acquis, and the authors themselves have defined the criteria that seemed to them to be crucial for joining the EU.
Teme obrađivane u ovoj knjizi katkad jesu, a katkad nisu obuhvaćene acquisom, pa su autori sami određivali kriterije koji su im se učinili bitnima za pristup EU.
When, for example, it is macroeconomics, banking, finances, trade and agriculture that are concerned, certain chapters of the acquis affect them directly, but in addition it is also necessary to respect the Copenhagen and Maastricht criteria as well as the conditions of the SAA.
Kad je, primjerice, riječ o makroekonomiji, bankarstvu, financijama, trgovini i poljoprivredi, određena ih poglavlja acquisa izravno dotiču, ali je usto potrebno poštovati i kriterije iz Kopenhagena i Maastrichta, kao i uvjete SSP-a.
In agriculture, the CAP needs to be borne particularly in mind, for it is one of the most important and complicated mechanismus of the EU from a legal, economic, regulatory and financial point of view.
U poljoprivredi valja posebno imati na umu ZPP, koji je jedna od najvažnijih i najkompliciranijih tekovina EU u pravnom, ekonomskom, regulativnom i financijskom smislu.
There is a specific situation with, for example, taxes, which do not have a special chapter in the acquis, but do have directives, very concrete in the case of indirect taxes, and much more generalised for direct taxes, the taxation of income being left entirely to the members.
Specifična je situacija npr. s porezima, za koje ne postoji posebno poglavlje acquisa, ali postoje smjernice, i to vrlo konkretne za neizravne, a znatno općenitije za izravne poreze, s time da je oporezivanje dohotka u potpunosti prepušteno članicama.
Although there are directives for the area of taxation, because of the great unevenness of approach among the EU members relatively poor results in the harmonisation of taxation have been achieved.
Premda postoje smjernice za područje poreza, zbog velikih neujednačenosti među članicama EU postiže relativno slabe rezultate u usklađivanju poreza.
The situation with state aid is similar; there is a certain system of rules about how it is used, with possible bans and a concrete orientation about its reduction and its redirection from vertical to horizontal objectives.
Slično je s potporama, za koje postoji određeni sustav pravila njihova korištenja, uz moguće zabrane i konkretno usmjeravanje prema njihovu smanjivanju i preusmjeravanju iz okomitih u vodoravne.
There is also no acquis about employment, there are no direct EU demands, and yet the authors point out that it is important to keep an eye on what is happening.
O zaposlenosti također ne postoji acquis, nema izravnih zahtjeva EU, ali autori ističu da valja paziti što se događa.
Although the unemployment issue is within the sphere of competence of the member countries, there is a European Employment Strategy, a single framework that members apply diversely with different results.
Iako je pitanje zapošljavanja u djelokrugu zemalja članica, postoji Europska strategija zapošljavanja kao jedinstveni okvir koji članice različito primjenjuju i s različitim rezultatima.
No clearly defined acquis exists for the issues of the non-governmental sector either, nor for equality between men and women, and yet there are numerous strategic documents, rules, recommendations and international treaties, including the SAA itself, which are certainly binding on us.
Jasno definirani acquis ne postoji ni za pitanja nevladina sektora ni za ravnopravnost spolova, ali postoje brojni strateški dokumenti, pravila, preporuke i međunarodni ugovori, pa i sam SSP, koji nas i te kako obvezuju.
All of this leads us to the conclusion that it is essential to educate experts of all profiles to keep up with the many requirements that derive from the acquis itself, and for tracking the various regulations, directives, international treaties, the practice of courts and institutions, the practice of the member countries and practice in relations between the EU and the candidate countries.
Sve to navodi na zaključak da je nužno obrazovati stručnjake svih profila radi praćenja brojnih zahtjeva koji proistječu iz samog acquisa, ali i za praćenje raznih propisa, smjernica, međunarodnih ugovora, prakse sudova i institucija, prakse zemalja članica i prakse odnosa EU i zemalja kandidatkinja.
And here it is necessary to achieve complementarity in the knowledge of experts from various areas, and also the involvement of non-government experts in the process.
Pritom je potrebno postići komplementarnost znanja stručnjaka različitih područja, kao i uključivanje nevladinih stručnjaka u taj proces.
Normative and real conformity with the EU
Normativna i stvarna usklađenost s EU
Most of the authors in the book have stressed the need to distinguish the normative adoption of the conditions of the EU and putting them into practice.
Većina autora u ovoj knjizi naglašava nužnost razlikovanja normativnog usvajanja uvjeta EU i njihova provođenja u praksi.
Rodin, for example, says that it is essential to create an appropriate environment, because conformity is not just the acceptance of norms, rather of functional and organic coalescence with them, the measure of conformity being not only the legal, but also the political, economic and social content of the adjustment.
Rodin, primjerice, ističe kako je potrebno stvoriti prikladno okruženje jer usklađivanje nije tek prihvaćanje normi, već organsko i funkcionalno srastanje s njima, a mjerilo prilagodbe nije isključivo pravni, već i politički, gospodarski i socijalni sadržaj prilagodbe.
Concurring with this is Šonje, who is of the opinion that it is not enough to look only at the conformity of the legislation, for the real capacity of a country to meet the conditions depends on the structure and conduct of its institutions (in this case, of the banks, financial intermediaries and so on).
S njime se slaže i Šonje, koji smatra da nije dovoljno promatrati samo normativnu usklađenost zakonodavstva jer stvarna sposobnost zemlje da zadovolji uvjete ovisi o strukturi i ponašanju njezinih institucija (u ovom slučaju banaka, financijskih posrednika itd.).
Boromisa says the same thing, as do Franić and Zimbrek, who at the same time stress that it is easy to make laws, the main challenge, however, lying in the adjustment of the administrative structures that are going to implement them.
Isto tvrdi Boromisa, te Franić i Zimbrek, koji usto ističu da je lako donijeti zakone, ali je glavni izazov prilagodba upravnih struktura koje će ih provoditi.
What is the situation in individual areas?
A kakvo je stanje na pojedinim područjima?
In finance and banking, for example, with certain exceptions, we can on the whole be satisfied with both the regulations and their implementation in practice.
U financijama i bankarstvu, na primjer, uz određene iznimke, možemo uglavnom biti zadovoljni i normativnom regulacijom i provedbom u praksi.
In energy we have achieved a relatively high level of formal conformity, but implementation lags behind, that is, the legal system has been adjusted, but practice (interpretation and implementation) are developing in ways opposite to the principles of the EU.
U energetici smo postigli relativno visoku razinu formalne usklađenosti, ali provedba kasni, odnosno pravni je sustav usklađen, ali praksa (tumačenja i primjena) razvijaju se suprotno načelima EU.
Requirements for equality between men and women and concerning sexual harassment, also, have not even been normatively met.
Zahtjeve o ravnopravnosti spolova i spolnog uznemiravanja, nažalost, nismo čak ni normativno zadovoljili.
Except at the constitutional level, no legal solution has been adopted to guarantee gender equality or freedom of sexual orientation, and there are no suitable laws to protect the rights of individuals at the normative level.
Osim na ustavnoj razini, nije usvojeno nikakvo zakonsko rješenje kojim bi se jamčila ravnopravnost spolova, kao ni sloboda spolne orijentacije te nema adekvatnih zakona kojima bi se zaštitila prava pojedinaca na normativnoj razini.
Croatia's advantages
Hrvatske prednosti