natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In so doing, we have endeavoured to ignore current political problems (such as the relation with the ICTY, dangers of sanctions and so on), for these problems will inevitably be settled in the course of time, while the essential structural problems will remain, and it is with them that we shall have, sooner or later, to come to terms, irrespective of any accession to the EU.
Pritom smo pokušali zanemariti trenutačne dnevnopolitičke probleme (primjerice, odnos s Haaškim sudom, opasnosti od sankcija itd.) jer će se ti problemi s vremenom riješiti, a bitne strukturne teme i problemi ostaju i s njima ćemo se morati prije ili kasnije suočiti, bez obzira na eventualno priključenje EU.
The Union may help Croatia in its economic and social development, but only the citizens of Croatia can make sure of continued economic growth, more effective institutions and a society capable of respecting both laws and the rights of the individual.
EU može Hrvatskoj pomoći u gospodarskom i socijalnom razvoju, ali samo građani Hrvatske mogu ostvariti kontinuirani gospodarski razvoj, učinkovitije institucije te društvo koje će poštovati zakone i prava pojedinaca.
After the introduction, the first part of this chapter makes a brief reference to the EU, while the second puts Croatia in the context of the EU, and the third describes the economic and legal aspects of Croatian joining of the EU according to topics and authors, while the fourth deals problematically with the key questions of Croatian convergence with the EU; at the end comes a conclusion.
Nakon uvoda, u prvom dijelu ovog poglavlja, dan je kratak osvrt na EU, u drugom se Hrvatska stavlja u kontekst EU, u trećem se opisuju ekonomski i pravni aspekti pridruživanja Hrvatske EU prema temama, odnosno autorima, u četvrtom se problematski obrađuju ključna pitanja približavanja Hrvatske EU, i na kraju slijedi zaključak.
This chapter is written with the objective of acquainting the reader with the contents of the book as a whole and to encourage him or her to read the sections that are of particular interest.
Ovo je poglavlje napisano s ciljem da čitatelja uputi u sadržaj cijele knjige i potakne ga na čitanje dijelova koji ga posebno zanimaju.
As a result of an approach of this kind, the text does have certain repetitions, but then, the whole of the book does not need to be read, nor does the whole of this chapter.
Zbog takvog pristupa u tekstu ima određenih ponavljanja, ali se zato ne mora čitati cijela knjiga, pa čak ni cijelo ovo poglavlje.
Readers can simply opt for given sections or topics.
Čitatelj se jednostavno može odlučiti za određene dijelove odnosno teme.
THE EU - FICTION OR REALITY
EU - FIKCIJA ILI STVARNOST
We can start this chapter with a very simple table that paints the relative and absolute significance of Croatia and the EU.
Poglavlje počinjemo vrlo jednostavnom tablicom koja oslikava relativno i apsolutno značenje Hrvatske i EU.
The area of Croatia occupies a mere 4.5% of the area of EU, its population is only a bit more than 1% of the EU population, the Croatian GDP is only 0.25% of the EU and Croatia's per capita GDP is only 21% of that in the EU.
Hrvatski prostor zauzima tek 4,5 % prostora EU, hrvatsko stanovništvo čini tek nešto više od 1 % stanovništva EU, hrvatski BDP je tek 0,25 % europskoga, a BDP po stanovniku u Hrvatskoj iznosi tek 21 % onoga u EU.
These are figures that we should constantly bear in mind.
To su podaci koje uvijek trebamo imati na umu.
The area covered by today's EU has in the last fifty years passed through a number of phases, starting from irrepressible optimism and the feeling in the 1950s that everything was possible, moving to concern, vacillation and weighing of the costs and benefits in the nineties.
Prostor današnjeg EU posljednjih je pedesetak godina prošao kroz više faza, počevši od neobuzdanog optimizma i osjećaja da je u pedesetim godinama prošlog stoljeća sve bilo moguće, do zabrinutosti, oklijevanja, odvagivanja troškova i koristi devedesetih godina.
Countries interested in EU membership today have to face many problems.
Zemlje zainteresirane za članstvo u EU susreću se danas s brojnim problemima.
The basic problem is the hesitation of the members because of financial reasons, particularly because of the vast amounts that the EU spends every year on regional and agricultural assistance.
Osnovni je problem neodlučnost članica zbog financijskih razloga, posebno zbog golemih iznosa koje EU svake godine troši na poljoprivredu i regionalnu pomoć.
Secondly, a very large problem is the rise in the influence of populist parties (for example, in France, Austria, Holland and Denmark) which are panicking about a possible flood of immigrants from the poorer parts of Europe.
Drugi, vrlo velik problem jest porast utjecaja populističkih stranaka (primjerice, u Francuskoj, Austriji, Nizozemskoj i Danskoj) koje se panično boje poplave imigranata iz siromašnijih dijelova Europe.
Apart from that, the administrative obstacles are such that applicant countries have to adopt and apply more than eighty thousand pages of EU law.
Osim toga, administrativne su prepreke takve da zemlje pristupnice trebaju usvojiti i primijeniti više od osamdeset tisuća stranica zakona EU.
However, according to Gallup polls, more than 60% of EU citizens today support the enlargement of the EU.
Ipak, prema istraživanjima Gallupa, više od 60 % građana EU podržava proširenje EU.
The only exceptions to this are Finland, Sweden and the UK.
Iznimka su samo Finska, Švedska i UK.
These conditions relate to the principles of freedom, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental liberties, and the rule of law.
Uvjeti se odnose na načela slobode, demokracije, poštovanja ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda te vladavinu prava.
In the Copenhagen criteria, adopted in 1993 for the sake of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights and protection of minorities, a functioning market economy and respect for the criteria of political, economic and monetary union were particularly stressed.
U kriterijima iz Kopenhagena, koji su 1993. doneseni radi zemalja središnje i istočne Europe (SIE), posebno se naglašavaju demokracija, vladavina prava, poštovanje ljudskih prava i zaštita manjina, funkcionalno tržišno gospodarstvo te poštovanje kriterija političke, gospodarske i monetarne unije.
The Copenhagen criteria relate to the development of the fundamental political, administrative and judicial institutions, their aim being the creation of the conditions for the adjustment of the CEE countries to the institutional structure of the EU in as short a time as possible (for more about the Copenhagen criteria, Mihaljekii).
Kriteriji iz Kopenhagena odnose se na razvoj temeljnih političkih, administrativnih i pravosudnih institucija, a cilj im je stvaranje uvjeta za što brže prilagođivanje zemalja SIE institucionalnom ustroju EU (više o kriterijima iz Kopenhagena, Mihaljekii).
During the long history of the EU, new members have joined in various manners (for more about procedure, Rodin).
Tijekom duge povijesti EU nove su članice primane na različite načine (više o proceduri, Rodin).
In more recent times, the first step has been making an association agreement for an unspecified period of time.
U novije doba prvi je korak sklapanje ugovora o pridruživanju na neodređeno vrijeme.
The association treaties are entered into between the EU (the Council and the Parliament) and the member states, and have to be ratified by all states members.
Ugovore o pridruživanju sklapaju EU (Vijeće i Parlament) i države članice, a moraju ih ratificirati sve države članice.
The performance of the obligations defined in the treaties is monitored by the Commission and the Council, which publish their reports.
Izvršavanje obveza iz ugovora prate Komisija i Vijeće te objavljuju izvješća.
If everything is in order, the next step is that the associated states submit applications for full membership.
Ako je sve u redu, kreće se na podnošenje zahtjeva pridružene države za prijam u punopravno članstvo.
It does not have to be like this though.
No ne mora uvijek biti tako.
For example, since 1963, Turkey, not from its own free will, has kept the status of associate member, and Iceland and Norway do not wish to take this step, and are more satisfied with associate membership in order to be able to protect their own interest (Iceland its fisheries, Norway its oil) (for more about exceptions, Bartlettiii).
Turska, primjerice, ne svojom voljom, od 1963. ima status pridružene članice, a Island i Norveška i ne žele napraviti taj dodatni korak, već im odgovara pridruženo članstvo kako bi zaštitile svoje interese (Island ribarstvo, Norveška naftu) (više o iznimkama, Bartlettiii).
After an associate member has submitted its application for full membership, an accession partnership is entered into, defining the relation with a given applicant country and helping it to attain full membership.
Nakon što pridružena članica podnese zahtjev za punopravno članstvo, sklapa se pristupno ortaštvo kojim se uređuje odnos s pojedinom pristupnicom i pomaže joj se u ostvarenju punopravnog članstva.
The final act is the change of the founding treaty, that is, constitutional changes in the EU in response to an accession treaty with the EU candidate country.
Zadnji čin je promjena osnivačkog ugovora, odnosno ustavne promjene u EU za zaključivanje ugovora o pristupu kandidatkinje EU.
Treaties have to be ratified by the EU and the national parliaments of all the members.
Ugovore moraju ratificirati EU i nacionalni parlamenti svih članica.
The procedure is obviously very long, and there is no guarantee at all that one phase will come after another.
Postupak je očito vrlo dug, a nema nikakvih jamstava da će jedna faza slijediti za drugom.
Candidate countries must adopt and apply the legal patrimony of the EU, the acquis communautaire.
Zemlje kandidatkinje moraju preuzeti i primjenjivati pravnu stečevinu EU, acquis communautaire.
The acquis has 31 chapters, ranging from free movement of goods, persons and services, via taxation, statistics, culture and audiovisual policy, to finances and budgets.
Acquis ima 31 poglavlje u rasponu od slobodnog kretanja roba, osoba, usluga, preko oporezivanja, statistike, kulture i audiovizualne politike, pa do financija i proračuna.
In negotiations about adoption of the acquis there is a fair amount of leeway allowed, and individual legislative approaches can be adapted to specific interests.
U pregovorima o usvajanju acquisa ima dosta fleksibilnosti pa se pojedina zakonodavna rješenja mogu prilagođivati specifičnim uvjetima.
How much, during the taking on of the acquis, individual solutions will correspond to the interests of the candidate country depends on the expertise and capacity of the administration in its negotiations with the EU.
Koliko će pri preuzimanju acquisa pojedina rješenja odgovarati interesima zemlje kandidatkinje, ovisi o stručnosti i sposobnosti javne uprave u pregovorima s EU.
Candidate countries adopt a national programme for implementing the acquis, and the EU monitors this implementation.
Kandidatkinje donose nacionalne programe provođenja acquisa, a EU prati njihovo provođenje.
For the time being Lithuania has agreed on the most chapters (28), Romania on the fewest (12).
Najviše poglavlja dogovorila je Litva (28), a najmanje Rumunjska (12).
The EU provides pre-accession aid for meeting the requirements of the acquis (for more about the acquis, Mihaljek).
EU za ispunjavanje acquisa daje i financijsku potporu (više o acquisu, Mihaljek).
Alas, the acquis is extremely complex and is becoming more and more complex day by day.
Nažalost, acquis je vrlo složen i iz dana u dan je sve složeniji.
As Bartlett points out (2002), it includes essential and crucial regulations, as well as entirely trivial rules.
Kao što navodi Bartlett (2002), kreće se od prijeko potrebnih i bitnih propisa pa sve do trivijalnih.
A particular problem resides in the many requirements that although desirable (ecological, for instance) and possibly very appropriate to highly developed economies are at the same time very expensive for poor countries, even unsuitable for the conditions and habits of some states.
Poseban su problem brojni zahtjevi koji, iako poželjni (npr. ekološki), mogu biti zapravo prilagođeni visokorazvijenim gospodarstvima, a istodobno vrlo skupi za siromašne zemlje ili čak neprimjereni uvjetima i običajima nekih država.
Nevertheless, it is assumed that the beneficial elements of the acquis will prevail, and that they will lead us in a correct long-term journey, irrespective of whether a country can join or intends to join the EU or not.
Ipak, pretpostavlja se da prevladavaju korisni elementi acquisa i da nas navode na ispravan dugoročni put bez obzira namjerava li se, odnosno može li se zemlja pridružiti EU ili ne.
The EU association and membership process, although very complex, is not impossible to describe.
Postupak pridruživanja i učlanjivanja u EU, iako vrlo složen, nije nemoguće opisati.
However, it is very difficult to say something about the duration of this long and complex road.
Međutim, vrlo je teško nešto reći o trajanju toga dugog i složenog puta.
For quite a long time it has been expected that the first CEE countries will become EU members before elections for the European Parliament in 2004 but not even now, at the end of 2002, is it known with any certainty whether this will really happen, and if so, when.
Već se dulje vrijeme očekuje da će prve zemlje SIE postati članicama EU prije izbora za Europski parlament 2004, ali ni sada, krajem 2002, još se uvijek sa sigurnošću ne zna hoće li se, i kada će se, to dogoditi.
The only thing that is certain is that the number of such countries will be smaller than previously expected, and that Bulgaria and Romania have definitely dropped out of the running in the meantime.
Sigurno je samo to da će broj tih zemalja biti manji od očekivanoga jer su Bugarska i Rumunjska u međuvremenu ispale iz igre.
Of the CEE countries, at the moment Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia are candidates.
Od zemalja SIE trenutačne su kandidatkinje Poljska, Mađarska, Republika Češka, Slovačka i Slovenija.
It is a very unrewarding activity to speculate about the possible data of Croatian entry.
Nagađati o eventualnom datumu ulaska Hrvatske vrlo je nezahvalno.
Eurosceptics, and we might well call them Eurorealists, do not believe this will occur in the first decade of this century.
Euroskeptici, a mogli bismo ih smatrati i eurorealistima, ne vjeruju da će se to dogoditi u prvom desetljeću ovog stoljeća.
Of course, there are also more optimistic estimates, but it is not possible to say how realistic they are.
Naravno, postoje i optimističnija nagađanja, ali nije moguće reći koliko su realna.
Vaclav Klausiv, for example, is very sceptical when it comes to the rapid entry of a large number of new countries into the EU.
Vaclav Klausiv, primjerice, vrlo je skeptičan kad je riječ o brzom ulasku većeg broja novih zemalja u EU.
In his view, the EU is not a charity organisation, which wishes to have as many new members as possible, but a cartel of countries with very well defined interests.
Prema njemu, EU nije dobrotvorna organizacija koja želi imati što više članova, već kartel zemalja s dobro definiranim interesima.
It is in the interest of the EU to extend the provisional status of applicant countries as long as possible, and in the interest of the applicant countries to be members as soon as possible.
Interes EU je da što duže produljuje privremeni status kandidatkinja, a interes kandidatkinja je da što prije postanu članicama.
If the cost-benefit curves of member countries and applicant countries are looked at for the period after 1990, we shall see that the member countries have already used up most of the benefit that they can obtain from the applicant countries.
Ako se promatraju krivulje troškova i koristi zemalja članica i zemalja kandidatkinja u razdoblju nakon 1990, vidjet ćemo da su zemlje članice već »potrošile« većinu koristi što ih mogu izvući iz zemalja kandidatkinja.
The citizens of the EU are already in these countries.
Građani EU već su u tim zemljama.
They are in Zagreb and Prague in the roles of tourists, merchants and bankers.
Ima ih u Zagrebu i Pragu kao turista, trgovaca ili bankara.
The countries of the EU have already achieved almost all their objectives and cannot derive any more considerable benefit from the further process of convergence.
Zemlje EU već su postigle gotovo sve svoje ciljeve i ne mogu se znatnije okoristiti daljnjim procesom približavanja.
In graphic terms, the difference between the member country benefit curve and the applicant country benefit curve is greatest in about 2000, and it is in the interest of the member countries to prolong this state of affairs as long as possible.
Grafički, razlika između krivulja korisnosti zemalja članica i zemalja kandidatkinja najveća je oko 2000. godine i u interesu je zemalja članica da to stanje što dulje održe.
Mencinger (2002)v speaks, in a similar context, of the hypocrisy of the EU, first of all inviting us, and now no longer wanting us.
Mencinger (2002)v u sličnom kontekstu govori o hipokriziji EU koja nas je najprije pozivala, a sad nas više ne želi.
Naturally, as with every topic, there are various views about EU accession, opposed views, from the Eurosceptics, who expect almost nothing, to the Eurooptimists, who think that joining the EU will solve all, or almost all, the problems of the transitional countries.
Naravno, kao i u svakoj temi, i o pristupanju EU postoje različiti stavovi, suprotstavljena mišljenja, od euroskeptika koji se ničemu ne nadaju do eurooptimista koji misle da se pristupanjem EU mogu riješiti svi, ili gotovo svi, problemi zemalja u tranziciji.
Nevertheless, the Maastricht criteria, the Copenhagen criteria, most of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) provisions are framed in such a way that they can only be of benefit to any country.
Ipak, kriteriji iz Maastrichta, kriteriji iz Kopenhagena, veći dio uvjeta Sporazuma o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju (SSP-a) postavljeni su tako da svakoj zemlji mogu samo koristiti.
It ought to be the aim of all of us to live in a society that meets as many of these criteria as possible, and whether we will the while become members of the EU or some other association or an association with some other name that will exist when we actually achieve all this is less important.
Svima bi nam cilj trebao biti da živimo u društvu koje zadovoljava što više tih kriterija, a hoćemo li pritom biti i članovi EU ili neke druge asocijacije ili asocijacije drugog imena koja će u trenutku kad mi to sve ostvarimo biti aktualna, manje je važno.
CROATIA ON THE ROAD TO THE EU
HRVATSKA NA PUTU PREMA EU
The former socialist countries of CEE started the process of converging with the EU at the beginning, or in the middle, of the nineties.
Bivše socijalističke zemlje SIE otpočele su svoj proces približavanja EU početkom odnosno sredinom devedesetih godina.
Croatia, unluckily, first of all because of the war, and then because of the unpopularity of the HDZ regime and President Franjo Tuđman, lost practically a whole decade on this journey.
Hrvatska je, nažalost, najprije zbog rata, a zatim zbog nepopularnosti režima HDZ-a i predsjednika Franje Tuđmana izgubila gotovo cijelo desetljeće na tom putu.
This falling behind has harmed Croatia in many areas such as science and education but, looked at economically, has been particularly detrimental to foreign trade (see Boromisa and Mikić; Bartlett, 2002).
Zaostajanje je štetilo Hrvatskoj na brojnim područjima kao što su znanost i obrazovanje, ali, ekonomski gledano, osobito je to štetilo vanjskoj trgovini (više, Boromisa i Mikić; Bartlett, 2002).
As against the Europe Agreements that were made with the current applicant countries (CEE countries), in 1999 the EU adopted the Stabilisation and Association Process for the countries of SE Europe, i.e., for Croatia, BH, Macedonia, Albania and the FRY.
Za razliku od Europskih sporazuma što su ih sklapale sadašnje kandidatkinje za članstvo u EU (zemlje SIE), EU je 1999. usvojio Proces stabilizacije i pridruživanja za zemlje jugoistočne Europe, odnosno za Hrvatsku, Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Makedoniju, Albaniju i SRJ.
This process is put into practice by the making of individual agreements with these countries.
Proces se ostvaruje sklapanjem pojedinačnih sporazuma s tim zemljama.
So far SAAs have been signed by Macedonia and Croatia.
Dosad su SSP-ove sklopile Makedonija i Hrvatska.
Unlike the Europe Agreements, these agreements contain an evolutionary clause and provisions about regional cooperation.
Za razliku od Europskih sporazuma, ti sporazumi sadržavaju evolutivnu klauzulu i odredbe o regionalnoj suradnji.
Apart from that, while the Europe Agreements expressly mention that the basic objective is the integration of the countries of CEE into the EU, the SAAs speak about potential candidates for members of the EU, making this conditional not only on the Copenhagen criteria but also on the regional cooperation already mentioned.
Osim toga, dok Europski sporazumi izričito spominju da je osnovni njihov cilj integracija zemalja središnje i istočne Europe u EU, SSP-ovi govore o potencijalnim kandidatima za članstvo u EU uvjetujući to, osim kriterijima iz Kopenhagena, već spomenutom regionalnom suradnjom.
Croatia signed its SAA with the EU in Luxembourg on the 29th of October 2001 and thus became a potential candidate for the EU.
Hrvatska je potpisala SSP s EU u Luxemburgu 29. listopada 2001. i tako postala potencijalna kandidatkinja za EU.
The SAA was to be ratified by the Croatian Parliament, the European Parliament and the parliaments of all EU members.
SSP moraju ratificirati Sabor RH, Europski parlament i parlamenti svih članica EU.
By summer 2002 this had been done by the Croatian and European parliaments, as well as those of Austria, Denmark and Ireland.
To su do ljeta 2002. učinili hrvatski Sabor, Europski parlament i parlamenti Austrije, Danske i Irske.
Until the SAA comes into force, which in some optimistic forecasts could be in about two years, an interim agreement is in force, since 1 January 2002.
Do stupanja na snagu SSP-a, što bi prema nekim optimističnijim prognozama moglo potrajati oko dvije godine, od 1. siječnja 2002. na snazi je Privremeni sporazum.
The First Report of the European Commission about the process in Croatia, dated 4 April 2002, is mainly positive.
Prvo izvješće Europske komisije o procesu u Hrvatskoj od 4. travnja 2002. uglavnom je pozitivno.
The report speaks of the meeting of the political criteria - strengthening of democracy and the rule of law, respect for human rights and the protection of minorities, as well as regional cooperation.
Izvješće govori o ispunjavanju političkih kriterija - jačanju demokracije i vladavine prava, poštovanju ljudskih prava i zaštiti manjina te o regionalnoj suradnji.
The report has doubts about the situation in the judiciary, and priorities that need to be tackled in the next year are given (see Rodin).
Problematičnim se u izvješću ocjenjuje stanje u pravosuđu, a navode se i prioriteti koje treba riješiti tijekom iduće godine dana (više, Rodin).
In order to execute the obligations deriving from the SAA, the government has accepted the Implementation Plan of the Agreement, and should publish monthly reports about the results.
Za izvršenje obveza iz SSP-a Vlada je prihvatila Plan provedbe Sporazuma i o rezultatima bi trebala objavljivati mjesečna izvješća.
Although there has been an endeavour to carry through numerous measures (of the 128 measures, 65 were carried out in time), there are obvious delays in the areas of minority protection, reform of justice (see Rodin), television, state aid (see Kesner-Škreb and Mikić) and consumer protection.
Iako se pokušavaju provesti brojne mjere (od 128 mjera navrijeme je provedeno njih 65), očita su kašnjenja u području zaštite manjina, reforme pravosuđa (više, Rodin), televizije, državnih subvencija (više, Kesner-Škreb i Mikić) te zaštite potrošača.