natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For this reason the EU demanded improved conditions in prisons, and in the reports of the Commission explicit reference was made to the problem of the execution of the death sentence meted out to Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan.
Stoga je EU zahtijevao poboljšanje uvjeta u zatvorima, a izrijekom se u izvještajima Komisije navodio i problem izvršenja smrtne kazne izrečene kurdskom vođi Abdulahu Ocalanu.
The level to which Croatia meets the political criteria, particularly those related to the ICTY, defined by the Council of the EU in 1997, will be crucial for the acceptance of its candidature (Prodi, 2003).
Razina do koje Hrvatska ispunjava političke kriterije, osobito one koje se odnose na suradnju s Međunarodnim sudom u Hagu, definirane zaključcima Vijeća EU-a iz 1997, bit će ključna za prihvaćanje njezine kandidature (Prodi, 2003).
Registration procedure.
Procedura registracije.
In the candidates, removal of barriers to market entry (establishment of new firms) has reached a satisfactory degree of effectiveness and legal security.
U zemljama kandidatkinjama prepreke za pristup tržištu u smislu otvaranja novih poduzeća dosegnule su zadovoljavajući stupanj učinkovitosti i pravne sigurnosti.
To make market entry easier in Croatia, the SAA Implementation Plan looks to a revision of the Court Register Act and the formulation of Rules on the manner of making entries in the court register by the end of 2004.
Za olakšavanje ulaska na tržište u Hrvatskoj Planom provedbe SSP-a predviđena je revizija Zakona o sudskom registru i izrada Pravilnika o načinu upisa u sudski registar do kraja 2004. godine.
As the details in Table 6 show, the process of starting up a firm in Croatia includes a large number of administrative procedures.
Kao što podaci u tablici 6. pokazuju, proces pokretanja poduzeća u Hrvatskoj obuhvaća velik broj administrativnih procedura.
In spite of this, the duration and cost are not greater than in the accession countries.
Usprkos tome, njegovo trajanje i trošak nisu veći nego u državama pristupnicama.
Bankruptcies.
Stečajevi.
In most of the candidates, there have been advances in the bankruptcy procedure, and the Commission marks them as satisfactory.
U većini zemalja kandidatkinja postignut je napredak u provedbi stečajeva, te ga Komisija smatra zadovoljavajućim.
In Croatia, however, the Commission thinks advance in this area is limited because of the inadequate protection of property rights (more detail below).
Komisija smatra da je napredak na tom području u Hrvatskoj ograničen zbog neadekvatne zaštite vlasničkih prava (detaljnije u nastavku).
The data in Table 7 show that the bankruptcy procedure is longer in Croatia than in the EU, while in terms of the indicators shown, Croatia does not lag behind the candidates in the success of the bankruptcy procedure.
Podaci u tablici 7. pokazuju da je provedba stečajeva u Hrvatskoj dulja nego u EU, a po pokazateljima uspješnosti provedbe stečajeva Hrvatska ne zaostaje za kandidatima.
Regulation of property rights.
Regulativa vlasničkih odnosa.
In the candidates, property laws have been set up.
U zemljama kandidatkinjama vlasnička su prava uspostavljena.
The development of the cadastre is a common problem for the candidates.
Razvoj katastra zajednički je problem svih njih.
In Croatia, the main challenge in this area is the establishment of a viable legal system, but the reform of the judiciary and the land registers is behind the deadlines envisaged.
Za Hrvatsku je glavni izazov na tom području uspostava provedivog pravnog sustava, ali reforma pravosuđa i zemljišnih knjiga kasni prema planiranim rokovima.
For example, the adoption of Rules on transition from manual to electronic processing of land registers, which is quite essential for modernisation, is more than a year late.
Primjerice, donošenje Pravilnika o prelasku s ručne na elektroničku obradu zemljišnih knjiga, kao provedbena uputa nužna za modernizaciju, kasni više od godinu dana.
The implementation of the project for putting in order the cadastres and the land registers should provide for better protection of property rights and contractual relations, and at the same time make it easier for the courts to be effective, and to manage bankruptcies.
Provedba projekta sređivanja katastra i zemljišnih knjiga morala bi osigurati bolju zaštitu vlasničkih prava i ugovornih odnosa, a samim time i olakšati učinkovitost sudstva i upravljanje stečajevima.
At the same time, implementation of the project should help in the reduction of backlogs in the settling of land register items in the municipal courts.
Ujedno, provedba projekta trebala bi pridonijeti smanjivanju zaostataka u rješavanju zemljišnoknjižnih predmeta u općinskim sudovima.
With this the real property registration and cadastre project has a direct impact on the effectiveness of the public administration.
Time projekt reforme katastra i zemljišnih knjiga izravno utječe na učinkovitost javne uprave.
In addition, augmentation of the security of property rights will create conditions for the development of the private sector and indirectly make entry into the market easier (World Bank, 2002).
Usto, povećanje sigurnosti imovinskih prava stvara uvjete za razvoj privatnog sektora i posredno olakšava ulazak na tržište (World Bank, 2002).
The scope and importance of the cadastre and land register reform are illustrated by the fact that the project is envisaged as lasting 15 years.
Opseg i značaj projekta reforme katastra i zemljišnih knjiga ilustrira podatak da je predviđeno trajanje projekta 15 godina.
For the first five years of the implementation of the project, the World Bank has earmarked a loan of 26 million euros.
Za prvih pet godina provedbe projekta Svjetska je banka omogućila korištenje zajma u iznosu od 26 milijuna eura.
Consensus about the essentials of economic policy.
Suglasnost o smjeru gospodarske politike.
This element holds back the progress of Croatia in the meeting of economic conditions for membership.
Taj element koči napredak Hrvatske u ispunjavanju gospodarskih uvjeta za članstvo.
An UNDP study (UNDP, 2002) showed that in Croatia, since independence, more than 100 strategies have been created.
Studijom UNDP-a (UNDP, 2002) ustanovljeno je da je u Hrvatskoj od osamostaljenja doneseno više od 100 strategija.
Yet these strategies are only multiplied, never applied.
Međutim, strategije se multipliciraju i ne provode.
In the accession countries, acceptance of the objectives of economic and monetary union during the negotiations led to the definition of the direction of economic policy.
U državama pristupnicama prihvaćanjem ciljeva ekonomske i monetarne unije tijekom pregovora definiran je i smjer gospodarskih politika.
Thus consensus about integration with the EU lays the assumptions for the consensus on the essentials of economic policy.
Time suglasnost o integraciji s EU ujedno nameće pretpostavke za suglasnost o smjeru gospodarske politike.
Implementation of accepted principles.
Provedba prihvaćenih načela.
As previously identified, in Croatia, although strategies are quick to be made, the implementation of them is not efficient.
Kao što je već navedeno, iako se u Hrvatskoj strategije donose, njihova provedba nije učinkovita.
There are no instructions for the implementation of accepted strategies, and they themselves do not define with sufficient clarity who should make them and in what periods of time.
Naime, ne postoje provedbene upute, nije jasno tko je za što odgovoran, niti su utvrđeni konkretni rokovi.
A transparent manner for monitoring progress has been set up in the candidates, and this was particularly the case in the pre-accession period.
U zemljama kandidatkinjama uspostavljen je transparentan način praćenja napretka, osobito u pretpristupnom razdoblju.
Level of grey economy.
Razina sive ekonomije.
The level of the grey economy has a direct effect on the implementation of market laws.
Razina sive ekonomije izravno utječe na provedivosti tržišnih zakona.
When the underground economy makes up a large proportion of GDP this is an indicator of ineffective market mechanisms and inefficiency of the public administration in the implementation of its (particularly fiscal) functions (Bajec, 2001).x The Croatian Bureau of Statistics has published estimates according to which in 1998 the grey economy reached 11.3% of official GDP, and in 1999 10.3% (DZS, 2002).
Veći udjel neslužbenoga gospodarstva u BDP-u pokazatelj je neučinkovitosti tržišnih mehanizama te neučinkovitosti javne uprave u provedbi svojih (osobito fiskalnih) funkcija (Bajec, 2002).x Državni zavod za statistiku objavio je procjene prema kojima je u 1998. siva ekonomija dosezala 11,3% službenog BDP-a, a 1999. godine 10,3% (DZS, 2002).
An analysis of differing indicators carried out by Johnson and Kaufmann (2001) shows that in most cases the evaluation of the level of the grey economy is based, among other things, on the estimate of the level of corruption.xi According to empirical results (Johnson, Kaufmann and Ziodo-Lobaton, 1998) the level of the unofficial economy is strongly correlated with the corruption perception index (CPI) used by Transparency International (r=0.76).
Analiza različitih pokazatelja koju su proveli Johnson i Kaufmann (2001) pokazuje da se u većini slučajeva procjena razine sive ekonomije temelji, između ostaloga, i na procjeni razine korupcije.xi Prema empirijskim rezultatima (Johnson, Kaufmann i Ziodo-Lobaton, 1998) razina neslužbenoga gospodarstva u čvrstoj je korelaciji s indeksom percepcije korupcije što ga je utvrdio Transparency International (r=0,76).
Since the CPI for Croatia has been in constant decline since 1999, we can conclude that the level of the grey economy is dropping too.
Budući da indeks percepcije korupcije u Hrvatskoj od 1999. godine stalno pada, možemo zaključiti da se i razina sive ekonomije smanjuje.
The results of the project Underground Economy in Croatia 19902000 (IJF, 2002) point in the same direction.
Na isti zaključak upućuju rezultati projekta “Neslužbeno gospodarstvo u Hrvatskoj 1990-2000” (IJF, 2002).
Although comparison of the level of the grey economy among countries is very unreliable, according to a frequently quoted estimate (Schneider, 2003), in 2000-2001, the size of the grey economy in Croatia, of 32.4% of GDP is comparable with that of Bulgaria (36.4%) and Romania (33.4%), greater than in the accession countries (e.g., Hungary, 24.4%)xii and members of the EU (e.g., Denmark, 17.9%, France 15%, the greatest share being in Greece, 28.5%), but still smaller than in other countries in the West Balkans (e.g., FYR Macedonia 45.1%).
Iako su usporedbe razine sive ekonomije u različitim zemljama vrlo nepouzdane, prema često citiranoj procjeni (Schneider, 2003) godine 2000-2001. njezin obujam od 32,4% BDP-a u Hrvatskoj usporediv je s Bugarskom (36,4%) i Rumunjskom (33,4%), veći nego u državama pristupnicama (npr. u Mađarskoj 24,4%)xii i članicama EU-a (npr. u Danskoj 17,9%, Francuskoj 15%, a najveći udjel ima Grčka, 28,5%), ali manji nego u drugim državama zapadnog Balkana (npr. u Makedoniji 45,1%).
Strengthening customs and tax administrations.
Jačanje carinskih i poreznih uprava.
The strengthening of customs administrations is essential for the sake of the implementation of the trade policy in which Croatia has made considerable advances.
Jačanje carinskih uprava nužno je radi provedbe trgovinske politike u kojoj je Hrvatska znatno napredovala.
Progress is manifested by inclusion in regional, bilateral and multilateral organisations and through trade liberalisation.
Napredak se očituje uključivanjem u regionalne, bilateralne i multilateralne organizacije te liberalizacijom trgovine.
All the candidates have concluded a customs cooperation agreement with the EU.
Svi kandidati zaključili su s EU-om sporazume o međusobnoj suradnji u carinskim pitanjima.
Croatia is still at the beginning of this process.
Hrvatska je tek na početku tog procesa.
The strengthening of customs and tax administrations is essential for the sake of the successful implementation of formal liberalisation, the reduction of the grey economy and so on.
Jačanje carinskih i poreznih uprava je nužnost radi učinkovite provedbe formalne liberalizacije, smanjivanja razine sive ekonomije i sl.
The EU helps the development of customs, tax administrations and police in the candidates through twinning projects.xiii The first such project in Croatia has already been launched.
EU pomaže razvoj carinskih, poreznih uprava i policije u zemljama kandidatkinjama putem twinning projekata.xiii U Hrvatskoj je pokrenut jedan takav projekt.
However, the weakness of the customs administration and police can also be seen in failure to meet the political criteria (the Gotovina case).
Međutim, slabost carinskih uprava i policije može se također pratiti na osnovi neispunjavanja političkih kriterija (slučaj Gotovina).
Harmonisation of the state aid system with the EU and surveillance of their provision.
Usklađivanje sustava državnih potpora s EU-om i nadzor njihova pružanja.
State aid in Croatia is high (5.25% GDP as against 1.01% in the EU) and sector-oriented (transport, shipbuilding, tourism), while horizontal aid (meant for correction of market failure and meant for all firms, such as research and development, environment protection) is three times as little as in the EU (Kesner-Škreb, Pleše and Mikić, 2003).
Državne su potpore u Hrvatskoj visoke (5,25% BDP-a prema 1,01% u EU) i sektorski usmjerene (promet, brodogradnja, turizam), dok su horizontalne potpore (usmjerene na ispravljanje tržišnih neuspjeha i namijenjene svim poduzećima; npr. istraživanje i razvoj, zaštita okoliša i sl.) trostruko manje nego u EU (Kesner-Škreb, Pleše i Mikić, 2003).
During the gradual integration into the EU state aid has to be reduced and the principles for its provision will have to be harmonised with principles in the EU.
Tijekom postupnog integriranja u EU državne će se potpore morati smanjiti i načela njihova pružanja uskladiti s načelima koja vrijede u EU.
In the SAA implementation plan the establishment of a new and independent State Aid Agency for the surveillance of aid was anticipated by December 2001.
Planom provedbe SSP-a bila je predviđena uspostava novog neovisnog tijela za nadzor potpora do prosinca 2001.
In the State Aid Law (NN 47/03) this assignment was allotted to the Agency for the Protection of Market Competition.
Zakonom o državnim potporama iz 2003. godine (NN 47/03) ta je zadaća dodijeljena Agenciji za zaštitu tržišnog natjecanja.
Thus, during the implementation, which was more than a year later than the deadlines laid down, the institutional structure previously determined was modified.
Dakle, tijekom provedbe, koja je prema predviđenim rokovima kasnila više od godine dana, promijenjena je predviđena institucionalna struktura.
The change in the basic institutional framework as against that previously planned shows that the proposal was not well prepared, or that political interests prevailed.
Promjena osnovnog institucionalnog okvira u odnosu prema zamišljenome pokazuje da prijedlog nije dobro pripremljen ili da su prevladali politički interesi.
In all the candidates, bodies charged with monitoring state aid are established.
U svim su zemljama kandidatkinjama definirana tijela zadužena za praćenje državne pomoći.
They are parts of ministries (Estonia, Bulgaria), agency for the protection of market competition (Lithuania, Poland), or are set up as special bodies (Hungary, Latvia, Slovakia).
Ona su dio ministarstva (Estonija, Bugarska), agencije za zaštitu tržišnog natjecanja (Litva, Poljska), ili su uspostavljena kao posebna tijela (Mađarska, Latvija, Slovačka).
In the EU, the register of aid has been since 2001 publicly available via the Internet (http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/state_aid/register), and decisions of whether a given item of state aid is in key with the rules of the single market is made by the European Commission.
Registar pomoći EU-a od 2001. javno je dostupan na Internetu (http://europa.eu.int/ comm/competition/state_aid/register), a odluku o tome je li državna pomoć usklađena s pravilima jedinstvenog tržišta donosi Europska komisija.
Harmonisation of competition policy with EU rules and establishment of economic regulators.
Usklađivanje politike konkurencije s pravilima EU-a i uspostava ekonomskih regulatora.
In the area of the application of the rules of market competition, a key role is played by the development of market institutions.
Na području primjene pravila tržišnog natjecanja ključnu ulogu ima izgradnja tržišnih institucija.
The institutional precondition for the establishment of a market economy and the achievement of economic growth is the establishment of a market structure and the existence of government intervention only in the case of market failure, i.e., government failure in redistribution (Srinavasan, 1999).
Institucionalni preduvjet za uvođenje tržišnoga gospodarstva i ostvarivanje ekonomskog rasta jest uspostava tržišne strukture i postojanje državne intervencije samo u slučaju neučinkovitosti tržišta, tj. obuzdavanje države u obavljanju preraspodjele (Srinvasan i Bhagwati, 1999).
The task of market institutions is to supervise the liberalisation of the market and to follow the implementation of regulations; they include bodies for the protection of competition and sectoral regulators (finance, telecommunications, energy).
Zadaća tržišnih institucija jest nadzor liberalizacije tržišta i praćenje provedbe propisa, a čine ih tijela za zaštitu konkurencije i sektorski regulatori (financijski, telekomunikacijski i oni u energetici).
Such institutions in the EU member states and in the candidates are organised as special departments in ministries or as independent bodies.
Takve su institucije u članicama EU-a i zemljama kandidatkinjama organizirane kao posebni odjeli u ministarstvima ili kao neovisna tijela.
In the EU member states, market institutions started being founded mainly in the 1980s and 1990s; the establishment of independent bodies helped in the strengthening of legal certainty by the limitation of opportunities for political interventionism (OECD, 2003).
U članicama EUa tržišne su se institucije počele osnivati uglavnom 1980-ih i 1990-ih, a uspostava neovisnih tijela pridonijela je u jačanju pravne sigurnosti ograničavanjem mogućnosti političkog intervencionizma (OECD, 2003).
The independence of market institutions from politics is crucial to attract investors in sectors that were recently liberalised and privatised (transport, energy, and telecommunications) in countries with a developed market economy, and investment in general in the transitional countries.
Neovisnost tržišnih institucija o politici ključni je uvjet za privlačenje investitora u sektorima koji su nedavno liberalizirani i privatizirani (promet, energetika, telekomunikacije) u državama razvijenoga tržišnoga gospodarstva, te općenito investicija u tranzicijske države.
In transitional countries, market institutions also facilitate privatisation, which is usually linked with effectiveness.
Tržišne institucije u tranzicijskim državama ujedno olakšavaju privatizaciju, koja se obično povezuje s učinkovitošću.
However, “privatising in the absence of a sufficient, market-supporting institutional infrastructure was a serious mistake that could and did lead more to asset stripping than wealth creation.”
Međutim, bez odgovarajućih tržišnih institucija privatizacija je ozbiljna pogreška, rasprodaja imovine umjesto kreiranja bogatstva (Stiglitz, 1999).
In the area of financial services, some of the regulatory functions are carried out by the Croatian National Bank, and some special bodies have been set up, such as the Directorate for the Supervision of Insurance Companies, the Securities Commission.
Na području financijskih usluga dio regulatornih funkcija obavlja Hrvatska narodna banka, a uspostavljena su i posebna tijela kao što su Direkcija za nadzor društava za osiguranje i Komisija za vrijednosne papire.
Bodies with comparable authorities were set up in the candidates and in the EU members, and the differences are in the organisation (for example, the Slovene Office for the Protection of Competition is an agency of a ministry, while in most countries these are independent regulators or civil service bodies) and manner of financing (from the Budget or from the fees they can charge).
Tijela s usporedivim ovlastima uspostavljena su u zemljama kandidatkinjama i članicama EU-a, a razlike su u ustroju (npr. slovenski Ured za zaštitu konkurencije agencija je ministarstva, dok su u većini drugih država to neovisni regulatori ili tijela državne administracije) i načinu financiranja (iz proračuna ili iz naknada koje im se izravno plaćaju).
In areas that have been recently liberalised (telecommunications, energy) the harmonisation of the accession states with the acquis is in some cases greater than in EU members.
U područjima koja su nedavno liberalizirana (telekomunikacije, energetika) usklađenost država pristupnica s acquisom u nekim je od njih veća nego u članicama EU-a.
It would seem that harmonisation with the recent acquis is more effective in the accession countries, primarily because of the conditionality laid down.
Čini se da je usklađivanje s novim acquisom učinkovitije u državama pristupnicama, ponajprije zbog primjene uvjetovanosti.
Thus all the accession countries have energy-regulating bodies, but Germany does not (see OECD, 2003 for more details).
Tako su sve pristupne države uspostavile regulacijska tijela u energetskom sektoru, ali ne i Njemačka (detaljnije vidjeti OECD, 2003).
Most of the market institutions in Croatia are formally independent, but the government controls their work by the acceptance of annual reports on their work and through acceptance of their financial plans and financial reports.
Većina tržišnih institucija u Hrvatskoj formalno je neovisna, a Vlada kontrolira njihov rad prihvaćanjem godišnjih izvještaja o radu te prihvaćanjem financijskih planova i izvještaja.
However, in the procedure for approving financial reports the Government applies principles that are used in the ministries, and thus affects the priorities and activities, as well as the efficiency, of these bodies, not to mention the overall assessment of meeting membership criteria.
Međutim, u postupku odobravanja financijskih planova i revizije godišnjih financijskih izvještaja Vlada primjenjuje načela koja se koriste u državnoj upravi, te tako utječe na prioritete i aktivnosti te na učinkovitost tih tijela, kao i na ukupnu ocjenu sposobnosti države za ispunjavanje uvjeta za članstvo.
Thus the influence of the Government on market institutions might considerably limit the ability of Croatia to meet the conditions for membership.
Stoga utjecaj Vlade na tržišne institucije može znatno ograničiti sposobnost Hrvatske da ispuni uvjete za članstvo.
POINTS OF VULNERABILITY IN THE CROATIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
TOČKE RANJIVOSTI JAVNE UPRAVE U HRVATSKOJ
In the process of integration into the EU a key role is played by the respect for the obligations from the conditional approach and the SAA.
U procesu integracije u EU kljucnu ulogu ima poštovanje obveza iz uvjetovanog pristupa i SSP-a.
An illustrative fact is that Austria has 11 ministries, Czech Republic 13, Slovenia 14, Poland 15 and Croatia 19 (Table 1).
Ilustrativni je podatak da Austrija ima 11 ministarstava, Češka 13, Slovenija 14, Poljska 15, a Hrvatska 19 (v. tabl.
That means that in Croatia we have a large number of ministries, and in addition, between 1991 and 2002 the number of units of local and regional government rose from 104 to 560.
Znači, u Hrvatskoj imamo velik broj ministarstava, a osim toga, od 1991. do 2002. broj jedinica lokalne i regionalne vlasti porastao je sa 104 na 560.
In Croatia the general government bill comes to 11.1% of GDP.
U Hrvatskoj udio plaća u općoj državi čini 11,1% BDP-a.
Expenditure for general public services came to 2.9% of GDP in 2002.
Izdaci za opće javne usluge čine 2,9% BDP-a u 2002. godini.
Thus the fact that a public administration, on whose pay over 11% of GDP is spent, is not capable of putting through the necessary reforms, shows that in Croatia the administration is massive and expensive.
Dakle, činjenica da javna uprava, na čije plaće odlazi više od 11% BDP-a, nije sposobna provesti potrebne reforme pokazuje da je javna uprava u Hrvatskoj glomazna i skupa.