natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Among the priority projects was the construction of connections between the systems of various members (e.g., electricity connections between Italy and Greece with submarine cables), the development of the system in some members (for example, the gas systems in Greece and Portugal), as well as interconnections with third party states (including the applicant states, the former Soviet Union and the states of the Western Balkans).
Među prioritetnim je projektima izgradnja veza između sustava pojedinih članica (npr. elektroenergetsko povezivanje Italije i Grčke podmorskim kablom, plinovod između Portugala i Španjolske), izgradnja sustava u pojedinim članicama (npr. plinskog sustava u Grčkoj i Portugalu), ali i povezivanje s trećim državama (uključujući zemlje kandidatkinje, bivši Sovjetski Savez i države zapadnog Balkana).
From the point of view of meeting conditions for membership, applicants must link up with the EU interoperable system, primarily for the sake of securing supply.
U smislu ispunjavanja uvjeta za članstvo kandidati se moraju povezati u interoperabilni sustav s EU, ponajprije radi osiguranja opskrbe.
After CENTREL (the electricity network that links the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary) was linked in 1995 with UCPTE (the net that covers the states of western Europe, the former Yugoslavia and Albania) the basic demand of the EU was the improvement of connections with member states.
Nakon što je CENTREL (elektroenergetska mreža koja povezuje Češku, Poljsku, Slovačku i Mađarsku) 1995. godine povezan s UCPTE-om (mrežom koja pokriva države zapadne Europe, bivše Jugoslavije i Albaniju) osnovni zahtjev EU poboljšanje je veza s državama članicama.
In meeting this condition applicant states make use of assistance from the PHARE programme.
U ispunjavanju tog uvjeta države kandidatkinje koriste se pomoći iz PHARE programa.
In 2000, this assistance programme was redefined, and from a programme for consolidating democracy, it became a pre-accession programme, and 60% of its funds are meant for the development of the infrastructure, including the energy infrastructure.
Naime, taj je program pomoći 2000. godine redefiniran, te je od programa konsolidacije demokracije prerastao u program pomoći za pristup EU, a 60% sredstava namijenjeno je izgradnji infrastrukture, uključujući i energetsku.
In the Republic of Croatia, the reconstruction (war damage is estimated at 37.3 billion kuna) and modernisation of the energy infrastructure are required, as well as the construction of new infrastructure.
U RH potrebna je obnova (ratne štete procjenjene su na 37,3 mlrd. kn), modernizacija i izgradnja nove energetske infrastrukture.
However, the Energy Development Strategy has not identified the infrastructure needs, nor is the infrastructure given as a condition for the implementation of an energy strategy, and the government was charged with drawing up programmes and plans for the development, maintenance and employment of energy facilities (Energy Development Strategy, NN 38/02).
Međutim, Strategija energetskog razvitka ne identificira potrebe za infrastrukturom niti je infrastruktura navedena kao uvjet za provedbu energetske strategije™, a država je zadužena za izradu programa i planova izgradnje, održavanja i korištenja energetskih objekata (Strategija razvoja energetike, NN 38/02).
However, the government of the Republic of Croatia in session on 22 August 2002 approved a tariff system for the transport of gas the justification of which is grounded on, among other things, the development plan.
Međutim, Vlada RH je na sjednici 22. kolovoza 2002. odobrila tarifni sustav za transport plina, čija se opravdanost temelji, uz ostalo, na planu izgradnje.
At the moment the tariff system was adopted the Economy Ministry had not yet approved the development plan.
Plan izgradnje u trenutku donošenja tarifnog sustava Ministarstvo gospodarstva još nije bilo odobrilo.
The government only had information about the drawing up of the plan for the development, build up and modernisation of the gas transport system in the Republic of Croatia from 2002 to 2011 on the agenda at a session a week later, i.e., on 29 August 2002.
Informaciju o izradi plana razvoja, izgradnje i modernizacije plinskoga transportnog sustava u RH od 2002. do 2011. godine Vlada je imala na dnevnom redu sjednice tek tjedan dana poslije, tj. 29. kolovoza 2002. godine.
Similarly, the new tariff system in the area of electricity, since it does not split the price according to activities (generation, transport, distribution, auxiliary services, operating the system) does not enable the monitoring the use of the resources gathered meant for construction per activities.
Slično tome, novi tarifni sustav na području električne energije, budući da ne razdvaja cijenu po djelatnostima (proizvodnja, prijenos, distribucija, pomoćne usluge, vođenje sustava), ne omogućuje praćenje korištenja prikupljenih sredstava namijenjenih izgradnji prema djelatnostima.
Preparations for emergency situations
Pripreme za krizna stanja
The EU requires the existence of a 90 day reserve of oil products (Directive 68/414/EEC and amendments to it), as determined according to the annual daily consumption of the calendar year.
EU zahtijeva postojanje 90-dnevne pričuve naftnih proizvoda (Smjernica 68/414/EEC i njezini amandmani), koja se utvrđuje na temelju prosječne potrošnje prethodne kalendarske godine.
In states that for producers of oil themselves, the necessary reserves can be reduced by 25%.
U državama koje imaju svoju proizvodnju, potrebne se pričuve mogu smanjiti za 25%.
Meeting this requirement creates difficulties for the applicant states, because it entails considerable investments in storage capacities.
Ispunjavanje tog zahtjeva stvara teškoće državama kandidatkinjama jer podrazumijeva znatne investicije u skladišne kapacitete.
Hence during the negotiations they sought a transitional period for meeting this condition.
Stoga su one tijekom pregovora tražile prijelazna razdoblja za ispunjenje tog uvjeta.
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania must construct the necessary storage capacities by 2009, Poland and Slovakia by 2008 and the Czech Republic and Slovenia by 2005.
Estonija, Latvija i Litva trebaju izgraditi potrebne skladišne kapacitete do 2009., Poljska i Slovačka do 2008, a Češka i Slovenija do 2005. godine.
Storage capacities in the Republic of Croatia can provide for consumption for 35 days.
Skladišni kapaciteti u RH mogu osigurati 35-dnevnu potrošnju.
Domestic production covers the needs for 20-day storage, and hence to meet EU conditions, capacities that provide 35-day consumption need to be constructed.
Domaća proizvodnja pokriva potrebe 20-dnevnog skladištenja, pa se za ispunjenje uvjeta EU trebaju još izgraditi kapaciteti koji osiguravaju 35-dnevnu potrošnje.
The estimated cost of this investment comes to about 200 million USD (Aron, 2002).
Procijenjeni trošak tih investicija iznosi oko 200 mil. USD (Aron, 2002).
Apart from these capacities, it is necessary to provide capacities for the creation and renewal of operative reserves of energy.
Osim tih kapaciteta, nužno je osigurati kapacitete za stvaranje i obnavljanje operativnih zaliha energije.
The Law on Oil and Oil Derivatives Market prescribe the maintenance of operational reserves in quantities equivalent to 15 days of average requirements in the previous year, and the manner and conditions of determining, using and renewing the operative reserves have to be prescribed by the Minister of the Economy.viii
Zakonom o tržištu nafte i naftnih derivata propisano je držanje operativnih zaliha u količinama jednakim 15-dnevnim prosječnim potrebama u prethodnoj godini, a način i uvjete utvrđivanja, korištenja i obnavljanja operativnih zaliha nafte i naftnih derivata mora propisati ministar gospodarstva.
This report contains recommendations to applicants about increasing their nuclear security, the implementation of national programmes for improving nuclear safety, including the management of radioactive waste, spent fuel and research reactor safety.
Izvještaj sadrži preporuke kandidatima za povećanje nuklearne sigurnosti, provedbu nacionalnih programa povećanja nuklearne sigurnosti, uključujući upravljanje radioaktivnim otpadom, potrošenim gorivom i sigurnost reaktora koji se koristi u istraživanjima.
Particular attention is devoted during negotiations to the increased security of nuclear power plants and the management of nuclear waste.
Osobita se pozornost tijekom pregovora pridaje povećanju sigurnosti nuklearnih elektrana i upravljanju nuklearnim otpadom.
The safety of nuclear plants and the need for modernisation in Lithuania, Slovakia and Bulgaria (the Ignalina, Bohunice-V, Kozluduy plants) were priorities in the negotiations with these states.
Sigurnost elektrana te potrebe njihove modernizacije u Litvi, Slovačkoj i Bugarskoj (NE Ignalina, NE Bohunice-V, NE Kozluduy) bile su prioritetne točke u pregovorima s tim državama.
The EU encourages the enhancement of nuclear safety by co-financing the closure of nuclear units that cannot be modernised as well as affording technical and other assistance for the modernisation of nuclear power plants when this is possible from PHARE programme funds, EBRD loans and by contributions to the nuclear energy account managed by the EBRD.
EU potiče povećanje nuklearne sigurnosti sufinanciranjem zatvaranja nuklearnih jedinica koje se ne mogu modernizirati kad te pružanjem tehničke i druge pomoći za modernizaciju nuklearnih elektrana gdje je to moguće iz sredstava programa PHARE, zajmovima EBRD-a, kao i doprinosima računu za nuklearnu energiju kojim upravlja EBRD.
For the Republic of Croatia, the question of nuclear safety is linked with the Krško nuclear power plant.
Za RH je pitanje nuklearne sigurnosti povezano s NE Krško.
During negotiations with Slovenia, the Commission determined that Krško meets the safety standards of the EU.
Komisija je tijekom pregovora sa Slovenijom utvrdila da NE Krško ispunjava sigurnosne standarde EU.
However, in line with the Nuclear Safety Report in the Context of Enlargement, seismic testing and the adoption of a national programme for emergency situations are required.
Međutim, u skladu s Izvještajem o nuklearnoj sigurnosti u kontekstu proširenja, potrebna su seizmička ispitivanja te usvajanje nacionalnog programa za hitna stanja.
Knowing that Slovenia is in the group of most advanced applicants, it can be expected that the Republic of Croatia will negotiate about membership when Slovenia is already a member state.
Znajući da je Slovenija u skupini najnaprednijih kandidata, može se očekivati da će RH pregovarati o članstvu kad Slovenija već bude država članica.
Hence, unsettled matters in connection with Krško, especially those to do with the management of waste and the closure of the station, will have to be settled in line with EU regulations that, as soon as Slovenia becomes a member, will be obligatory and applicable to Krško power station.
Stoga se neriješena pitanja u vezi s NE Krško, osobito ona o upravljanju nuklearnim otpadom i zatvaranju elektrane, moraju rješavati u skladu s propisima EU, koji će, čim Slovenija postane članicom, postati obvezujući i primjenjivi na NE Krško.
This relates primarily to the rules of transfer and storage of radioactive waste (Directive 92/3/Euratom, Regulation 1493/93).
To se ponajprije odnosi na pravila transfera i čuvanja radioaktivnog otpada (Smjernica 92/3/Euratom, Uredba 1493/93).
Other elements
Drugi elementi
Other elements that the EU takes into consideration while evaluating the level of fulfilment of conditions for membership relate to energy policy, the development of associated measures for the solution of the social, regional and ecological impacts of reforms and the implementation of measures for increasing efficiency.
Drugi elementi koje EU procjenjuje pri vrednovanju razine ispunjavanja uvjeta za članstvo odnosi se na energetsku politiku, razvoj pratećih mjera za rješavanje socijalnih, regionalnih i ekoloških učinaka reformi i provedbu mjera za povećanje učinkovitosti.
In the area of energy policy, which is in the EU defined in the Green Paper on the Security of Energy Supply (European Commission, 2000), the main demand that is made on applicants is to adopt a policy with clear deadlines.
Na području energetske politike, koja je u EU definirana Zelenom knjigom o sigurnosti opskrbe (European Commission, 2000), glavni je zahtjev koji se postavlja kandidatima jest usvajanje politike s jasnim rokovima.
In the applicant states, the annual plan for the implementation of appropriate measures is defined by the accession partnership, and the application of the acquis is facilitated by involvement in EU programmes (such as SAVE II).
U državama kandidatkinjama godišnji je plan provedbe odgovarajućih mjera definiran pristupnim partnerstvima, a uključivanjem u programe EU (npr. SAVE II) olakšava se primjena acqisa.
Croatia has adopted its Energy Development Strategy (Official Gazette 38/02, available on the Web, www.hrvatska21.hr) the basic goals of which are increase of efficiency, diversification of sources, support to the development of renewable sources, increased security of supply, development of a better pricing policy and ensuring environmental protection adjusted to EU goals.
Hrvatska je usvojila Strategiju razvitka energetike (NN 38/02; dostupno na Internetu, www.hrvatska21.hr) čiji su osnovni ciljevi povećanje učinkovitosti, diversifikacija izvora, potpora razvoju obnovljivih izvora, povećanje sigurnosti opskrbe, razvoj bolje politike cijena i osiguranje zaštite okoliša usklađeno s ciljevima EU.
The main objectives of the EU energy policy are security of supply for all consumers at acceptable prices, environmental conservation and the promotion of competition on the European energy market.
Glavni su ciljevi energetske politike EU sigurnost opskrbe za sve potrošače po prihvatljivim cijenama, čuvanje okoliša i promicanje konkurencije na europskome energetskom tržištu.
The key measures for the fulfilment of these objectives are diversification of sources, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the creation of a single energy market.
Ključne su mjere za ispunjavanje tih ciljeva diversifikacija izvora, provedba Protokola iz Kyota te stvaranje jedinstvenoga energetskog tržišta.
However, although some of the necessary measures are identified in the Strategy, no timetable and no dates for their implementation have been defined.
Međutim, iako su Strategijom identificirane neke od potrebnih mjera, nisu definirani redoslijed ni rokovi njihove provedbe.
The energy law package has defined only the deadlines for the implementation of the first phase of reform of the energy sector, and these deadlines have not been met.
Paketom energetskih zakona definirani su samo rokovi za provedbu prve faze reforme energetskog sektora, ali ti rokovi nisu ostvareni.
At the same time, energy sector reform policy in the applicant states, in line with EU requirements, ought to contain a plan for the solution of the social, regional and ecological consequences of the restructuring of the sector, and these matters have not even been considered by the Energy Development Strategy.
Ujedno, politika reforme energetskog sektora u državama kandidatkinjama, u skladu sa zahtjevima EU, morala bi sadržavati i plan rješavanja socijalnih, regionalnih i ekoloških posljedica restrukturiranja sektora, a ta pitanja nisu razmatrana Strategijom razvitka energetike.
The use of renewable sources is a key factor in supply security and the fight against climate change.
Uporaba obnovljivih izvora ključni je činitelj sigurnosti opskrbe i borbe protiv klimatskih promjena.
It is promoted by implementation of the Altener programme, and member states of the EU are bound to greater use of renewable sources by the Directive of the Council of the EU and Parliament about the promotion of the production of electricity from renewable sources (September 2001).
Promiče se provedbom programa Altener, a države članice EU obvezuju se na veću uporabu obnovljivih izvora Smjernicom Vijeća EU i Parlamenta o promicanju proizvodnje električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora (rujan 2001).
The objective of this Directive is to step up the share of “green” energy in the EU, from 14% in 1997 to 22% by 2010.
Cilj je Smjernice povećati udio “zelene” energije u EU s 14 % 1997. na 22% do 2010. godine.
Croatia, in which the share of green energy was 15.8% in 1999, is in this respect comparable to the EU (Vuk, Marušić, 2000).
Hrvatska, u kojoj se 1999. koristilo oko 15,8% “zelene” energije (Vuk, Marušić, 2000), usporediva je po tome s EU.
The objectives and strategy for the implementation of energy policy foresee a growth in energy produced from renewable sources of 1.33 - 2.13 times, depending on the growth scenario.
Ciljevi i strategija provedbe energetske politike predviđaju porast energije proizvedene iz obnovljivih izvora 1,33-2,13 puta, ovisno o scenariju razvoja.
However, no concrete measures to achieve these aims are foreseen, instead it is stated: “Organised and systematic concern for renewal sources will be carried out in the Republic of Croatia according to the National Energy Programmes launched in 1997 by the government of the Republic of Croatia” (Energy Development Strategy, p. 120, italics added).
Međutim, ne predviđaju se konkretne mjere za postizanje tih ciljeva, nego se navodi: “Organizirana i sustavna skrb o obnovljivim izvorima provodit ce se u RH na temelju Nacionalnih energetskih programa koje je 1997. godine pokrenula Vlada RH” (Strategija energetskog razvitka, 1999; 120).
No manner of financing has been defined clearly, nor have the resources required been estimated.
Nije jasno definiran ni način financiranja niti su procijenjena potrebna sredstva.
The strategy does, it is true, anticipate the establishment of an Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund.
Strategijom je, doduše, predviđena uspostava Fonda zaštite okoliša i energetske efikasnosti.
However, although the draft law has been put forward, it is not clear how this fund would be financed.
Međutim, iako je nacrt zakona predložen, nejasno je kako bi se Fond financirao.
Various sources are mentioned, including commercial loans, interest on loans given by the Fund, foreign sources, the Budget, part of the price of given fuels and so on, without any indication of which parts would be financed in which way and in which ratios.
Naime, navedeni su različiti izvori, uključujući komercijalne kredite, kamate na kredite što ih daje Fond, inozemne izvore, državni proračun, dio cijene pojedinih energetnata i sl., bez naznake koji bi se dijelovi kako financirali i u kojim omjerima.
Also predicted is the possibility for the redirection of resources from the profitable to the unprofitable part of the fund, without any rules and authorities being defined.
Ujedno, predviđena je mogućnost prelijevanja sredstava između profitnoga i neprofitnog dijela Fonda, bez definiranja pravila i ovlasti.
PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATION
PERSPEKTIVE I IZAZOVI INTEGRACIJE
The Croatian legal system is formally harmonised with the EU system.
Hrvatski pravni sustav formalno je usklađen sa sustavom EU.
Conformity of the legal system is an essential condition for EU accession.
Usklađenost pravnog sustava nezaobilazan je uvjet za uključivanje u EU.
However, the legal system of the EU is not made up only of rights and obligations that govern the mutual relations of states members of the EU but the rights and obligations that directly relate to the subjects in the member states, i.e., to legal and to natural entities.
Međutim pravni sustav EU ne čine samo prava i obveze koji uređuju međusobne odnose država članica EU nego i prava i obveze koji se izravno odnose na pravne subjekte u državama članicama, tj. na pravne i fizičke osobe.
For this reason for adjustment with the legal system of the EU it is necessary to pass the regulations and byelaws that regulate particular areas in greater detail.
Stoga je za usklađivanje s pravnim sustavom EU nužno donijeti podzakonske akte koji podrobnije reguliraju pojedina područja.
What is more, since the legal rules come to life and obtain their final life only during application, an identical formulation of some rule does not necessarily mean it has the same meaning.
Nadalje, kako pravna pravila zaživljavaju i dobivaju konačan oblik tek u primjeni, istovjetna formulacija nekog pravila ne mora značiti da ono ima i isto značenje.
Since not even the deadlines for the implementation of the energy law package are respected, nor the procedure for the adoption of the reform measures (for example, when adopting the gas tariff rules), one of the basic principles of the reform is threatened, that is, transparency.
Budući da se ne poštuju ni rokovi za provedbu “paketa” energetskih zakona, ni postupak usvajanja reformskih mjera (npr. pri donošenju tarifnog pravilnika za plin), ugrožava se jedno od osnovnih načela reforme, tj. transparentnost.
For this reason I am of the opinion that the EU convergence process in the area of energy cannot be considered successful, for practice, the manner in which the legal rules are interpreted and ultimately applied, is developing in a way quite in contravention of the principles laid down by the EU.
Stoga smatram da se proces približavanja EU na području energetike ne može smatrati uspješnim jer se praksa, dakle način tumačenja i konačne primjene pravnih pravila razvija suprotno načelima što ih postavlja EU.
However, Croatia is relatively advanced in comparison with the other states of the region, and the European Commission in its SAA Implementation Report says that Croatia has a potentially key role in the energy linkage of the region, particularly from the point of view of the development of regional energy links (physical infrastructure and market).
Međutim, Hrvatska je relativno napredna u usporedbi s drugim državama regije, pa Europska komisija u izvještaju o provedbi SSP-a navodi da Hrvatska potencijalno ima kljucnu ulogu u energetskom povezivanju u regiju, osobito u smislu razvoja regionalnih energetskih veza (fizičke infrastrukture i tržišta).
One of the conditions for further association with the EU defined by the SAA is the development of cooperation among the states of the region.
Jedan od uvjeta za daljnje povezivanje s EU definiran SSP-om jest razvoj suradnje s državama regije.
Since the SAA explicitly secures tightening of cooperation in the adoption and planning of energy policy, including modernisation of the infrastructure, security of supply, and reinforcement of efficiency, this form of cooperation with the EU should be used to overcome the initial difficulties in the reform of the sector.
Budući da SSP eksplicitno osigurava jačanje suradnje pri donošenju i planiranju energetske politike, uključujući modernizaciju infrastrukture, sigurnost opskrbe i jačanje učinkovitosti, taj bi se oblik suradnje s EU morao iskoristiti za prevladavanje početnih teškoća u reformi sektora.
As part of the CARDS programme, the EU has earmarked 16 million euros for the development of the transportation and energy infrastructure in Croatia, BH, Macedonia, Yugoslavia and Albania for the period 2000-2006.
Naime, u sklopu CARDS programa EU je osigurala 16 mil. eura za razvoj prometne i energetske infrastrukture u Hrvatskoj, BiH, Makedoniji, Jugoslaviji i Albaniji za razdoblje 2000-2006. godine.
The assistance is subject to the obligations deriving from the SAA being fulfilled, and any failure in this respect might put the necessary investment at risk.
Pomoć je uvjetovana ispunjavanjem obveza koje proizlaze iz SSP-a, pa bi njezin izostanak suradnje mogao ugroziti nužne investicije.
With increasing import dependence, lack of funds could well additionally damage the already vitiated competitiveness of the economy of the Republic of Croatia.
Uz sve veću ovisnost o uvozu, nedostatak investicijskih sredstava mogao bi dodatno ugroziti već narušenu konkurentnost gospodarstva RH.
In its decision of June 2001, the government of the Republic of Croatia made possible the approach of the Republic of Croatia to the regional electricity market in SEE.
Vlada RH svojom je odlukom iz srpnja 2001. omogućila pristup RH regionalnom tržištu električne energije u jugoistočnoj Europi.