natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Within the legal framework, as the Constitutional Law itself states, the provisions of this Constitutional Law and the provisions of separate laws governing the rights and freedoms of members of national minorities have to be interpreted and put into effect with the purpose of respecting members of national minorities and Croatian citizens, the development of understanding, solidarity, tolerance and dialogue among them (Article 8).
Unutar pravnog okvira, kako i sam Ustavni zakon propisuje, odredbe Ustavnog zakona i odredbe posebnih zakona kojima se uređuju prava i slobode pripadnika nacionalnih manjina moraju se tumačiti i primjenjivati sa svrhom poštovanja pripadnika nacionalnih manjina i hrvatskog naroda, razvijanja razumijevanja, solidarnosti, snošljivosti i dijaloga među njima (čl.
Political rights of minorities
Politička prava manjina
The new Constitutional Law states that minorities will be represented by members of parliament elected in special constituencies.
Novi Ustavni zakon propisuje da će manjine birati zastupnike u posebnim izbornim jedinicama.
According to the existing wording of the law, special measures are allowed, but in the context of political rights of minorities the right to a double franchise is not specifically stipulated.
Prema postojećem tekstu Zakona, dopuštene su posebne mjere, ali u kontekstu političkih prava manjina nije izričito normirano dvostruko pravo glasa.
In addition, there is no proportional representation stipulated in local executive and national administrative and judicial bodies, nor is there any opportunity for minority representatives to be elected from the party lists.
Osim toga, nije normirana razmjerna zastupljenost u lokalnim izvršnim te državnim upravnim i sudskim tijelima niti postoji mogućnost da se manjinski zastupnici biraju sa stranačkih lista.
Instead of proportional representation, the Law enables “representation ... taking into account the proportion of the members of national minorities in the total population at the level at which the body of the government administration or judicial body is founded.”
Umjesto razmjerne zastupljenosti, Ustavni zakon omogućuje “zastupljenost...uzimajući u obzir udio pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u ukupnom stanovništvu na razini na kojoj je osnovano tijelo državne uprave ili sudsko tijelo”.
The Serb minority, which has 1.5% of the total population, will have from one to three representatives.
Srpska manjina, koja u ukupnom stanovništvu čini 1,5 posto, imat će od jednog do tri zastupnika.
The ten numerically inferior minorities will have, as heretofore, four representatives all told.
Deset brojčano manjih manjina, kao i do sada, imat će ukupno četiri zastupnika.
The Italians and Hungarians will continue to have one each, and the Czechs and Slovaks will have a representative in common.
Po jednoga će i dalje imati Talijani i Mađari, a jednog zajedničkog zastupnika imat će Cesi i Slovaci.
Members of Austrian, Bulgarian, German, Polish, Romany, Romanian, Ruthenian, Russian, Turkish, Ukrainian and Jewish minorities will together choose one representative in the Parliament.
Pripadnici austrijske, bugarske, njemačke, poljske, romske, rumunjske, rusinske, ruske, turske, ukrajinske i židovske nacionalne manjine biraju zajedno jednog zastupnika u Sabor.
Members of the Albanian, Bosnian, Montenegrin, Macedonian and Slovene minorities will also jointly elect a single member of parliament.
Pripadnici albanske, bošnjačke, crnogorske, makedonske i slovenske nacionalne manjine također zajedno biraju jednog zastupnika u Sabor.
Thus after the elections of November 2003, there are a total of eight members of parliament for the national minorities, of which three are reserved for Serbs.
Hrvatska je jedna od tri europske države koja ima zajamčena mjesta za manjine, uz Sloveniju, koja ima dva mjesta, i Rumunjsku s 15 mjesta.
Nevertheless, this right was not used at the last elections to the Parliament.
Ipak, to pravo na posljednjim višestranačkim izborima za Zastupnički dom Sabora nije konzumirano.
The demand for special rights, although very often disputed, can be justified by reference to the theory of liberalism.
Zahtijevanje posebnih prava, iako često osporavano, opravdanje može naći u teoriji liberalizma.
It is necessary to point out that the demand for special rights must have justification in the context in which it is applied.
Potrebno je istaknuti da zahtijevanje posebnih prava mora imati opravdanje u kontekstu u kojemu se primjenjuje.
Thus Kymlicka (1989) for example asks “if the demand for special minority rights is founded on different choices/elections or on unequal circumstances?”
Tako se Kymlicka (1989), primjerice, pita “zasniva li se zahtijevanje posebnih prava manjina na različitim izborima ili na nejednakim okolnostima”.
This is an important question, because special rights for a minority involve special costs for others, limiting their rights.
To je bitno pitanje jer posebna prava manjine povlače i posebne troškove za druge ljude, ograničavajući njihova prava.
If the cultural rights of a minority are justified on the basis of the promotion of its selected values, then it would be unjust and incommensurable with the principle of the neutrality of the state, which does not allow the use of political power for the purpose of the isolation of the choice of the minority from the working of the market.
Ako bi se kulturalna prava manjine opravdavala na osnovi promicanja njezinih izabranih vrijednosti, tad bi to bilo nepravedno i nesuglasno načelu neutralnosti države, koja ne dopušta uporabu političke vlasti za zaštitu manjine od djelovanja tržišta.
It is completely legitimate to demand from the minority community that it shapes its life plan taking into account the costs that others have to pay, which are defined by the market.
Posve je legitimno zahtijevati od manjinske zajednice da oblikuje svoj plan življenja uzimajući u obzir troškove koje moraju platiti drugi, a koje određuje tržište.
However, Kymlicka thinks that minority rights can and should be justified not on the basis of common choice, but on the basis of unequal circumstances.
Međutim, Kymlicka smatra da se manjinska prava mogu i trebaju opravdati ne na osnovi zajedničkog izbora, već na osnovi nejednakih okolnosti.
In contrast to the dominant culture of the majority community, the very existence of the cultural community of a minority depends on the decisions of the majority.
Oprečno vladajućoj kulturi većinske zajednice, samo postojanje kulturalne zajednice manjine ovisi o odlukama većine.
It can be voted down by the provision of all the resources necessary for its existence, and this is a possibility which members of the majority culture do not have to face.
Ona može biti nadglasana ponudom za sredstva koja su nužna za njezin opstanak, a to je mogućnost s kojom nisu suočeni pripadnici većinske kulturalne zajednice.
As a result of this, members of a minority culture have to spend their own resources in order to ensure their affiliation to their own cultural community, which constitutes the point of their living, while the majority people gets this for free.
Kao rezultat toga, pripadnici manjinske zajednice moraju trošiti vlastita sredstva da bi osigurali pripadnost vlastitoj kulturalnoj zajednici, što čini smisao njihova življenja, dočim većinski narod to dobiva besplatno.
In this way Kymlicka (1989) shows that the special measures that the minority demands serve to correct the advantage that the majority has even before anyone exercises his or her choice.
Na taj način Kymlicka pokazuje da posebne mjere koje zahtijeva manjina služe za ispravljanje prednosti koju većina ima prije nego bilo tko izvrši svoj izbor.
This is a kind of inequality that has no connection at all with the choices of the minority group.
To je vrsta nejednakosti koja nema nikakve veze s izborima manjinske skupine (Kymlicka, 1989).
According to Kymlicka (1989), the correction of this inequality is the basis for the liberal justification of minority rights as collective rights.
Prema Kymlickom, ispravljanje te nejednakosti osnova je liberalnog opravdanja manjinskih prava kao kolektivnih.
The Constitutional Law in Article 23 (NN 154/02) goes on to prescribe the rights of minorities to elect their representatives for the sake of taking part in public life and managing local affairs via councils and representatives of minorities in the self-governing units.
Nadalje, Ustavni zakon u članku 23 (NN 154/02) propisuje pravo nacionalnih manjina da biraju svoje predstavnike radi sudjelovanja u javnom životu i upravljanju lokalnim poslovima putem vijeća i predstavnika nacionalnih manjina u jedinicama samouprave.
Members of a national minority in the units of self-government in the area of which members of a given minority make up at least 1.5% of the total population, in units of local self-government in the area of which there live more than 200 members of a minority and in units of regional self-government in the area of which more than 500 members of a minority live can elect a council of minorities.
Pripadnici nacionalne manjine u jedinicama samouprave na čijem području sudjeluju s najmanje 1,5% u ukupnom stanovništvu te jedinice, u jedinicama lokalne samouprave na čijem području živi više od 200 pripadnika pojedine nacionalne manjine te u jedinicama područne (regionalne) samouprave na čijem području živi više od 500 pripadnika nacionalne manjine mogu izabrati vijeće nacionalnih manjina.
According to the Law, ten members are elected for a municipal minority council, for that of a city 15 members, and for the council of a county 25 members of a national minority.
U vijeće nacionalnih manjina općine, prema Ustavnom zakonu, bira se 10 članova, u vijeće nacionalnih manjina grada bira se 15, a u vijeće nacionalnih manjina županije 25 pripadnika nacionalne manjine.
Although from the actual wording of the law it is not clear whether this is a maximum number or a fixed number of members, the assumption is that it is a fixed number.
Iako iz samog teksta Zakona nije jasno je li riječ o maksimalnom ili o fiksnom broju članova, pretpostavka je da je posrijedi fiksni broj.
Members of councils of minorities and representatives of minorities are chosen directly by secret ballot for a period of four years.
Članovi vijeća nacionalnih manjina i predstavnici nacionalnih manjina biraju se neposredno, tajnim glasovanjem za razdoblje od četiri godine.
The Law also provides for the foundation of a national level Council for Minorities, a body that would deal with the proposal and solution of matters related to the protection of the rights and liberties of the minorities.
Zakonom se predviđa i osnivanje Savjeta za nacionalne manjine, tijela koje bi se bavilo predlaganjem i rješavanjem pitanja vezanih za zaštitu prava i sloboda nacionalnih manjina.
This Council would be founded primarily to let the minorities play a part in public life, particularly for the sake of considering and proposing the government and settling of matters related to the exercise and protection of the rights and freedoms of minorities.
Savjet se osniva prije svega radi sudjelovanja nacionalnih manjina u javnom životu, a osobito radi razmatranja i predlaganja, uređivanja i rješavanja pitanja u vezi s ostvarivanjem i zaštitom prava i sloboda nacionalnih manjina.
According to the current provisions, the actual substance of the collaboration enjoined is not clear.
Prema postojećim odredbama, nije sasvim jasan sadržaj propisane suradnje.
It is crucial to work this out in detail.
To je bilo nužno detaljnije razraditi.
Also unclear is the sphere of competence of the Council, since it is never stated in detail what the expression “the Council has a wide sphere of competence” entails.
Nejasan je i djelokrug rada Savjeta jer nigdje nije objašnjeno što znači izričaj “savjet ima širok djelokrug rada”.
In addition, it is clear from whose ranks and according to which criteria the members are to be appointed.
Osim toga, nejasno je iz kojih se redova i prema kojim kriterijima imenuju njegovi članovi.
The Council primarily has the right:
Savjet ponajprije ima pravo:
• to suggest to government authorities that they discuss given matters that are important for the minorities, particularly the implementation of the Constitutional Law and special laws governing minority rights and freedoms;
• predlagati tijelima državne vlasti da rasprave pojedina pitanja važna za nacionalnu manjinu, osobito provođenje Ustavnog zakona i posebnih zakona kojima su uređena manjinska prava i slobode
• propose to bodies of national government measures for improvement of the position of a minority in the state or in some area of it;
• predlagati tijelima državne vlasti mjere za unapređivanje položaja nacionalne manjine u državi ili na nekom njezinu području
• give opinions and make proposals about programmes of public radio and television meant for the minorities, the treatment of minority matters in programmes of public radio and television and other media;
• davati mišljenja i prijedloge o programima javnih radiopostaja i javne televizije namijenjenim nacionalnim manjinama, te o tretiranju manjinskih pitanja u programima javnih radiopostaja i javne televizije te u drugim sredstvima priopćavanja
• propose the undertaking of economic, social and other measures in areas traditionally or considerably inhabited by members of minorities so as to make sure of their survival in these areas;
• predlagati gospodarske, socijalne i druge mjere na područjima tradicionalno ili u znatnijem broju nastanjenim pripadnicima nacionalnih manjina kako bi se osigurao njihov opstanak na tim područjima
• seek and obtain from bodies of national government and bodies of local and regional self-government data and reports necessary for the consideration of any matter from its purview;
• tražiti i od tijela državne vlasti i tijela lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave dobiti podatke i izvješća potrebna za razmatranje pitanja iz svoga djelokruga
• to summon and demand the presence of representatives of bodies of national government and local and regional self government in whose jurisdiction are matters from the purview of the Council as laid down by the Constitutional Law and the Council's charter.
• pozivati predstavnike tijela državne vlasti i tijela lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave, u čiju nadležnost pripadaju pitanja iz djelokruga Savjeta utvrđena Ustavnim zakonom i statutom Savjeta.
From all this it seems that the Council has a consultative or advisory role only in the implementation of the provisions of the Constitutional Law.
Iz toga proizlazi da Savjet ima isključivo savjetodavnu ulogu u provođenju odredaba Ustavnog zakona.
The function of control of the implementation of the Constitutional Law and the ability to exercise the rights and liberties of minorities is assigned to bodies of the civil service in matters from their own jurisdiction.
Funkcija nadzora provedbe Ustavnog zakona i ostvarivanja prava i sloboda nacionalnih manjina dodijeljena je tijelima državne uprave u pitanjima iz njihova djelokruga.
The Government is bound at least once a year to submit to the Parliament a report about the implementation of the Constitutional Law.
Vlada je dužna najmanje jedanput godišnje podnijeti Saboru izvješće o provedbi Ustavnog zakona.
The guaranteed independence in the work and activities of the Council and the smaller councils is certainly positive.
Pozitivnom se svakako može ocijeniti zajamčena samostalnost u radu i djelovanju Savjeta za nacionalne manjine te vijeća nacionalnih manjina.
In other words, it is up to the legislative arm to put the principle of the promotion of equal opportunities for minority groups of the population, one of the leading principles of the protection of minorities in the EU, into some other laws and in this way to reinforce the mechanisms for the protection of minority rights.
Drugim riječima, zakonodavcu je prepušteno da načelo promicanja jednakih mogućnosti za manjinske skupine stanovništva, što je jedno od temeljnih načela zaštite manjina u EU, uvrsti u druge zakone i na taj način pojača mehanizam zaštite manjinskih prava.
This has only been partially done in the Parliamentary Elections Law.
Zakonom o izboru zastupnika u Zastupnički dom Hrvatskog sabora to je samo djelomično učinjeno.
Almost a year after the passing of the Constitutional Law, not much, then, has been achieved.
Gotovo godinu dana nakon usvajanja Ustavnog zakona nije, dakle, učinjeno mnogo.
The biggest job is still to come, since the national legislation has to be harmonised with the standards of constitutional law, and also with those of international and European law.
Najveći posao tek slijedi jer bi se nacionalno zakonodavstvo moralo uskladiti kako s normama ustavnog prava, tako i s normama međunarodnoga i europskog prava.
Perhaps a simpler solution would be to adopt an overall anti-discrimination law.
Možda bi ipak jednostavnije rješenje bilo usvajanje jedinstvenoga antidiskriminacijskog zakona.
MEASURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
MJERE I PREPORUKE
One of the main questions in the theory of human rights is that of the justification of human rights: why do human beings have human rights and which human rights do they have (Matulović, 1996)?
Jedno od glavnih pitanja teorije ljudskih prava jest pitanje opravdanja ljudskih prava: zašto ljudska bića imaju ljudska prava i koja ljudska prava imaju (Matulović, 1996)?
For human rights to exist, there must be valid ethical criteria or principles that justify them.
Da bi postojala ljudska prava, moraju postojati valjani etički kriteriji ili načela koja ih opravdavaju.
From this point of view it is necessary to find and understand the justification of the protection of minority rights, since they are also human rights.
U tom smislu potrebno je naći i razumjeti opravdanje zaštite prava manjina jer su i to ljudska prava.
In other words, Croatia is not bound to protect minority rights only because this is required by the international community and is one of the conditions for membership in the EU.
Drugim riječima, Hrvatska nije obvezna štititi manjinska prava samo zato što je to zahtjev međunarodne zajednice i jedan od uvjeta za članstvo u EU.
The only justification is that Croatia be built up as a democratic, multicultural and multiethnic society.
Jedan od razloga je izgradnja Hrvatske kao demokratske, multikultularne i multietničke države.
Also, a justification is the constitutionally guaranteed right to ethnic equal rights, as well as the equality of each individual before the law, independent of race, skin colour, sex, language, faith, political or other conviction, national or social origin, wealth, education, social position or other features.
Razlog je svakako i Ustavom zajamčeno pravo na nacionalnu ravnopravnost, kao i jednakost svih pojedinaca pred zakonom, neovisno o rasi, boji kože, spolu, jeziku, vjeri, političkom ili drugom uvjerenju, nacionalnom ili socijalnom podrijetlu, imovini, rođenju, naobrazbi, društvenom položaju ili drugim osobinama.
It is the duty of Croatia as a state to ensure the coexistence of all individuals irrespective of their national affiliation.
Dužnost je hrvatske države da osigura suživot svih pojedinaca bez obzira na njihovu nacionalnu pripadnost.
Considering the number and proportions of national minorities in the territory of Croatia, it is essential to accept the specificities of individual minority communities vis-a-vis their cultural and historical diversity.
S obzirom na broj i zastupljenost nacionalnih manjina na hrvatskom teritoriju nužno je priznati specifičnosti pojedinih manjinskih zajednica s obzirom na njihovu kulturnu i povijesnu različitost.
In its activity programme for the period between 2000 and 2004 the last Government said: “The Government will remove all the obstacles that prevent the full civil integration of members of national minorities into Croatian society.
Vlada u svom programu aktivnosti za razdoblje 2000-2004. godine navodi: “Vlada će ukloniti sve prepreke koje sprečavaju punu građansku integraciju pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u hrvatskom društvu.
With this objective, it will propose, among other things, appropriate solutions with which to ensure positive action in the election law so as to provide them, beside universal civil rights, special rights as well, such as the proposal and election of their own representatives”.
S tim ciljem, ona će predlagati, između ostaloga, prikladna rješenja kojima se osigurava pozitivna diskriminacija u izbornom zakonu kako bi im se osigurala, uz opća građanska prava, i posebna prava kao i predlaganje i izbor njihovih predstavnika.”
In the light of the holding of the fifth elections in Croatia since it became independent, the members of minorities did have the right to vote for candidates on the minority list, but they did not have the right to vote at the same time for the other candidates, that is the parties and coalitions on the regular lists.
U svjetlu održavanja petih višestranačkih izbora u Hrvatskoj od njezine samostalnosti, pripadnici nacionalnih manjina imali su mogućnost glasovati za kandidate s manjinske liste, no nisu mogli glasovati i za ostale kandidate, odnosno stranke i stranačke koalicije na redovitim listama.
Although the Constitution and the Constitutional Law on the Rights of National Minorities both provide for double voting, the Parliament rejected this in the last amendments to the electoral law.
Iako Ustavom i Ustavnim zakonom o pravima nacionalnih manjinama postoji mogućnost tzv. dvostrukoga glasovanja, Sabor je posljednjim izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o izborima zastupnika u Zastupnički dom Sabora odbacio takvu mogućnost.
Minority members thus have an alternative: vote either for the regular, or for the minority list.
Pripadnicima manjina tako je ponuđena alternativa, glasovanje za redovitu ili manjinsku listu.
In the next few years one will have to see how much the new Constitutional Law will contribute to the improvement of the position of minorities in society.
U sljedećih nekoliko godina trebalo bi se vidjeti koliko će novi Ustavni zakon o pravima nacionalnih manjina pridonijeti poboljšanju položaja manjina u društvu.
It will be essential to make certain amendments to the current provisions so that they are as clear and unambiguous as possible.
Bit će potrebno uvesti neke izmjene i dopune sadašnjih odredbi kako bi one bile što jasnije i preciznije.
In any case, the Constitutional Law is an important advance in the protection of minority rights, both for Croatia and for other lands in the region.
U svakom slučaju, Ustavni je zakon vrijedan iskorak u zaštiti manjinskih prava kako za Hrvatsku, tako i za zemlje u regiji.
In this part Croatia should play a key role as factor of stability in the region, one of the essential conditions for EU integration.
Hrvatska bi u tom dijelu trebala imati kljucnu ulogu kao faktor stabilnosti u regiji, što je jedan od bitnih preduvjeta integracije u EU.
In order to achieve positive moves, it will be necessary to draw up measures and recommendations to make this process faster and more qualitative.
Za postizanje pozitivnih pomaka bit će nužno donijeti mjere i preporuke kako bi taj proces bio brži i kvalitetniji.
Of course, on the way there are bound to be certain barriers.
Naravno, i na tom će putu vjerojatno postojati određene prepreke.
Primarily we are thinking here of the political situation, of economic stability, but also of the awareness of each individual for the need to foster diversity and toleration in society.
Riječ je ponajprije o političkoj situaciji, ekonomskoj stabilnosti, ali i svijesti pojedinaca o potrebi promicanja raznolikosti i tolerancije u društvu.
The Constitutional Law says that ethnic and multicultural diversity and the spirit of understanding, respect and tolerance help in the promotion of development.
Ustavni zakon ističe da etnička i multikulturalna raznolikost i duh razumijevanja, poštovanja i tolerancije pridonose promicanju razvoja.
At the end, some recommendations for improving the position and rights of minorities in Croatia:
Za kraj donosimo neke preporuke za unaprjeđenje položaja i prava manjina u Hrvatskoj.
• harmonise national legislation in the area of minority protection with the Constitution, international and European law;
• Uskladiti nacionalno zakonodavstvo na području zaštite nacionalnih manjina s Ustavom, međunarodnim i europskim pravom.