natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Miglustat has been administered at doses of up to 3000 mg/day for up to six months in HIV positive patients during clinical trials.
Miglustat je u kliničkim ispitivanjima kod HIV pozitivnih bolesnika primjenjivan u dozama do 3000 mg/dan tijekom šest mjeseci.
The benefit of treatment with Miglustat Gen.Orph for neurological manifestations in patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease should be evaluated on a regular basis, e.g. every 6 months; continuation of therapy should be re-appraised after at least 1 year of treatment with Miglustat Gen.Orph, (see section 4.4).
Korist od liječenja Miglustat Gen.Orph kod neuroloških manifestacija u bolesnika s Niemann-Pickovom bolesti tipa C treba redovito ocjenjivati, npr. svakih 6 mjeseci; nastavak liječenja treba ponovo procijeniti nakon najmanje 1 godine liječenja Miglustat Gen.Orph (vidjeti dio 4.4).
What Miglustat Gen.Orph is and what it is used for
Što se nalazi u ovoj uputi: Što je Miglustat Gen.Orph i za što se koristi
Hepatic impairment Miglustat Gen.Orph has not been evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment.
Oštećenje funkcije jetre Miglustat Gen.Orph nije procjenjivan kod bolesnika s oštećenjem funkcije jetre.
INFORMATION IN BRAILLE Miglustat Gen.Orph
16. PODACI NA BRAILLEOVOM PISMU Miglustat Gen.Orph
The most common side effects are diarrhoea, flatulence (wind), abdominal (stomach) pain, weight loss and decreased appetite.
Najčešće nuspojave su proljev, flatulencija (vjetrovi), bol u trbuhu, gubitak težine i smanjen tek.
Miglustat Gen.Orph may make you feel dizzy.
Miglustat Gen.Orph može uzrokovati omaglicu.
Miglustat Gen.Orph contains the active substance miglustat which belongs to a group of medicines that affect metabolism.
Što je Miglustat Gen.Orph i za što se koristi Miglustat Gen.Orph sadrži djelatnu tvar miglustat koja pripada skupini lijekova koji djeluju na metabolizam.
White opaque cap and body, hard gelatin capsules size 4 of about 14.0 mm length.
Tvrde želatinske kapsule s bijelom neprozirnom kapicom i tijelom, veličine 4 i duljine otprilike 14,0 mm.
If you stop taking Miglustat Gen.Orph
Ako prestanete uzimati Miglustat Gen.Orph
The benefit to the patient of treatment with Miglustat Gen.Orph should be evaluated on a regular basis (see section 4.4).
Potrebno je redovito procjenjivati korist za bolesnika od liječenja Miglustat Gen.Orph (vidjeti dio 4.4).
Male patients should use reliable birth control methods during their treatment with Miglustat Gen.Orph, and for 3 months after finishing treatment.
Muški bolesnici trebaju primjenjivati pouzdane metode kontracepcije tijekom liječenja lijekom Miglustat Gen.Orph, te tijekom 3 mjeseca nakon završetka liječenja.
NAME OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER Gen.Orph (logo)
NAZIV NOSITELJA ODOBRENJA ZA STAVLJANJE LIJEKA U PROMET Gen.Orph (logo)
Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg hard capsules miglustat
Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg tvrde kapsule miglustat
Until further information is available, before seeking to conceive, male patients should cease Miglustat Gen.Orph and maintain reliable contraceptive methods for a further 3 months.
Do dostupnosti daljnjih informacija, prije pokušaja začeća djeteta, muški bolesnici trebaju prekinuti uzimanje lijeka Miglustat Gen.Orph i primjenjivati pouzdane metode kontracepcije daljnja 3 mjeseca.
Miglustat Gen.Orph is indicated for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease.
Miglustat Gen.Orph je indiciran za peroralno liječenje odraslih bolesnika s blagom do umjerenom Gaucherovom bolesti tipa 1.
for an average duration of 2.1 years.
6.3 Rok valjanosti 3 godine.
If any of these side effects cause problems, consult your doctor.
Ako bilo koja od tih nuspojava potraje, obratite se Vašem liječniku.
Although no direct comparisons with Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) have been performed in treatment-naive patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, there is no evidence of miglustat having an efficacy or safety advantage over ERT. ERT is the standard of care for patients who require treatment for type 1 Gaucher disease (see section 5.1).
Iako nije bilo neposredne usporedbe s enzimskim nadomjesnim liječenjem (Enzyme Replacement Therapy - ERT) u liječenju bolesnika s Gaucherovom bolesti tipa 1, nema dokaza da je miglustat djelotvorniji ili sigurniji od ERT.
Capsule contents
Sadržaj kapsule
Other possible side effects are muscular spasms or weakness, fatigue, chills and malaise, depression, difficulty sleeping, forgetfulness and less libido.
Ostale moguće nuspojave su grčevi u mišićima ili slabost, umor, zimica ili malaksalost, depresija,
• For type 1 Gaucher disease: for adults, the usual dose is one capsule (100 mg) three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening).
• Za Gaucherovu bolest tipa 1: za odrasle je uobičajena doza jedna kapsula (100 mg) tri puta dnevno
Until further information is available, it is advised that before seeking to conceive, male patients should cease Miglustat Gen.Orph and maintain reliable contraceptive methods for 3 months thereafter.
Do dostupnosti daljnjih informacija, savjetuje se muškim bolesnicima da prije pokušaja začeća djeteta prekinu uzimanje lijeka Miglustat Gen.Orph i primjenjuju pouzdane metode kontracepcije daljnja 3 mjeseca.
Do not breastfeed while you are taking Miglustat Gen.Orph.
Nemojte dojiti tijekom uzimanja lijeka Miglustat Gen.Orph.
Common side effects of treatment include headache, dizziness, paraesthesia (tingling or numbness), abnormal coordination, hypoaesthesia (reduced sensation to touch), dyspepsia (heartburn), nausea (feeling sick), constipation and vomiting, swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (stomach) and thrombocytopenia (reduced levels of blood platelets).
Česte nuspojave liječenja uključuju glavobolju, omaglicu, paresteziju (trnci ili obamrlost), nenormalnu koordinaciju, hipoesteziju (oslabljen osjet na dodir), dispepsiju (žgaravica), mučninu, zatvor i povraćanje,
Your doctor may reduce your dose, e.g., to one capsule (100 mg) once or twice a day, if you suffer from diarrhoea when taking Miglustat Gen.Orph (see section 4).
npr. na jednu kapsulu (100 mg) jednom ili dvaput dnevno, ako imate proljev dok uzimate Miglustat
What you need to know before you take Miglustat Gen.Orph Do not take Miglustat Gen.Orph - if you are allergic to miglustat or any of the other ingredients of this medicine
Nemojte uzimati Miglustat Gen.Orph ako ste alergični na miglustat ili bilo koji drugi sastojak ovog lijeka (naveden u dijelu 6.)
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg hard capsules
NAZIV LIJEKA Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg tvrde kapsule
How to take Miglustat Gen.Orph
Kako uzimati Miglustat Gen.Orph
Pharmacokinetic data were obtained in paediatric patients with type 3 Gaucher disease aged 3 to 15 years, and patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease aged 5-16 years.
do 15 godina i bolesnika s Niemann-Pickovom bolesti tipa C u dobi od 5 do 16 godina.
Mild reductions in platelet counts without association with bleeding were observed in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease who were switched from ERT to miglustat.
Kod bolesnika s Gaucherovom bolesti tipa 1 primijećena su mala smanjenja broja trombocita, a koja nisu povezana s krvarenjem, u bolesnika koji su s ERT prešli na miglustat.
Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg hard capsules are white opaque cap and body, hard gelatin capsules size 4 of 14.0 mm length.
Kako Miglustat Gen.Orph izgleda i sadržaj pakiranja Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg tvrde kapsule su tvrde želatinske kapsule s bijelom neprozirnom kapicom i tijelom veličine 4 i duljine 14,0 mm.
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.
Kako čuvati Miglustat Gen.Orph Lijek čuvajte izvan pogleda i dohvata djece.
In patients with an adjusted creatinine clearance of 50-70 ml/min/1.73 m2, administration should commence at a dose of 100 mg twice daily in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease and at a dose of 200 mg twice daily (adjusted for body surface area in patients below the age of 12) in patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.
Kod bolesnika s prilagođenim klirensom kreatinina od 50-70 ml/min/1,73 m2, primjenu treba početi s dozom od 100 mg dvaput dnevno u bolesnika s Gaucherovom bolesti tipa 1, te dozom od
Due to limited experience, Miglustat Gen.Orph should be used with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
Zbog ograničenog iskustva, kod bolesnika s poremećajem funkcije bubrega ili jetre, Miglustat Gen.Orph treba koristiti oprezno.
The tests will help the doctor decide whether these effects are due to your disease or other existing conditions, or due to side effects of Miglustat Gen.Orph (see section 4 for further details).
Ove pretrage će pomoći liječniku ustanoviti jesu li ti učinci posljedica bolesti ili drugih postojećih bolesti ili su posljedica nuspojava lijeka
Summary of the safety profile
4.8 Nuspojave Sažetak profila sigurnosti
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each capsule contains 100 mg miglustat For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
KVALITATIVNI I KVANTITATIVNI SASTAV Jedna kapsula sadržava 100 mg miglustata
Marketing Authorisation Holder Gen.Orph
Nositelj odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet Gen.Orph
• Miglustat Gen.Orph is also used to treat progressive neurological symptoms in NiemannPick type C disease in adults and in children.
• Milgustat Gen.Orph se također primjenjuje za liječenje progresivnih neuroloških simptoma kod
• Miglustat Gen.Orph is used to treat mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease in adults.
Primjenjuje se za liječenje dvije bolesti: • Milgustat Gen.Orph seprimjenjuje za liječenje blage do umjerene Gaucherove bolesti tipa 1 u odraslih.
STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S) Each capsule contains 100 mg miglustat
Jedna kapsula sadržava 100 mg miglustata
The pivotal trial of miglustat was conducted in patients unable or unwilling to receive ERT. Reasons for not receiving ERT included the burden of intravenous infusions and difficulties in venous access.
Ključno ispitivanje miglustata bilo je provedeno na bolesnicima koji nisu mogli ili nisu željeli primati ERT.
Capsule shell
Ovojnica kapsule Želatina,
If you take more Miglustat Gen.Orph than you should If you take more capsules than you were told to, consult your doctor immediately.
Ako uzmete više lijeka Miglustat Gen.Orph nego što ste trebali
Mild reductions in platelet counts without association to bleeding were observed in some patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease treated with miglustat.
Kod nekih bolesnika s Niemann-Pickovom bolesti tipa C liječenih miglustata primijećena su mala smanjenja broja trombocita, a koja nisu povezana s krvarenjem.
NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg hard capsules miglustat
Uputa o lijeku: Informacija za korisnika Miglustat Gen.Orph 100 mg tvrde kapsule miglustat
adjusted for body surface area resulted in Cmax and AUCτ values which were approximately twofold those attained after 100 mg t.i.d.
200 mg triput dnevno prilagođeno veličini površine tijela dalo je vrijednosti Cmax i AUCτ koje su približno dvostruke od onih dobivenih nakon 100 mg triput dnevno u bolesnika s Gaucherovom bolesti tipa 1, što je sukladno farmakokinetici miglustata linearno ovisnoj o dozi.
If you forget to take Miglustat Gen.Orph Take the next capsule at the usual time.
Uzmite sljedeću kapsulu u uobičajeno vrijeme.
What Miglustat Gen.Orph looks like and contents of the pack
Što Miglustat Gen.Orph sadrži
How to store Miglustat Gen.Orph
Moguće nuspojave Kako čuvati Miglustat Gen.Orph
You must use effective birth control while taking Miglustat Gen.Orph.
Dok uzimate Miglustat Gen.Orph morate primjenjivati učinkovitu kontracepciju.
Therapy should be directed by physicians who are knowledgeable in the management of Gaucher disease or Niemann-Pick type C disease, as appropriate.
4.2 Doziranje i način primjene Liječenje trebaju voditi liječnici s odgovarajućim iskustvom u liječenju Gaucherove bolesti Niemann
Your doctor will perform the following tests before treatment and during treatment with Miglustat Gen.Orph: - an examination to check the nerves in your arms and legs - measurement of vitamin B12 levels - monitoring growth if you are a child or adolescent with Niemann-Pick type C disease - monitoring of blood platelet counts
pregled za provjeru živaca Vaših ruku i nogu mjerenje razine vitamina B12
Most of these reactions occurred most likely in the first week during treatment.
Većina ovih reakcija najčešće se pojavljivala u prvom tjednu liječenja.
The highest risk for occurrence of this serious skin reaction is within the first week of treatment.
Rizik od pojavljivanja ove ozbiljne kožne reakcije najviši je u prvom tjednu liječenja.
Adopted at the 5-8 March 2018 PRAC
Usvojeno na sjednici PRAC-a 5. - 8. ožujka 2018.
What do you need to know before you use cefalexin
Što morate znati prije nego što počnete uzimati cefaleksin
The most common location: mainly localized on the skin folds, trunk, and upper extremities.
Najčešće mjesto pojave: uglavnom lokaliziran na kožnim pregibima, trupu i gornjim udovima.
TELL YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE TAKING CEFALEXIN:
OBRATITE SE SVOM LIJEČNIKU PRIJE NEGO UZMETE CEFALEKSIN:
New product information wording - Extracts from PRAC recommendations on signals EMA/PRAC/136578/2018
Novi tekst informacija o lijeku - izvadci iz preporuka PRAC-a vezanih uz signale EMA/PRAC/165781/2018
• If you have ever developed a severe skin rash or skin peeling, blistering and/or mouth sores after taking cefalexin or other antibacterials
• Ako ste ikada razvili teški kožni osip ili ljuštenje kože, mjehuriće i/ili ranice u ustima nakon uzimanja cefaleksina ili drugih antibakterijskih lijekova
Warnings and precautions - Take special care with cefalexin:
Upozorenja i mjere opreza - Potreban je poseban oprez pri primjeni cefaleksina:
AGEP appears at the initiation of treatment as a red, scaly widespread rash with bumps under the skin and blisters accompanied by fever.
AGEP se pojavljuje na početku liječenja u obliku crvenog, ljuskavog, široko rasprostranjenog osipa s kvržicama ispod kože i mjehurićima popraćenima vrućicom.
Cefalexin - Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (EPITT no 18911)
Cefaleksin - akutna generalizirana egzantematozna pustuloza (AGEP)(EPITT br. 18911)
Stop using cefalexin if you develop these symptoms and contact your doctor or seek medical attention immediately.
Prestanite uzimati cefaleksin u slučaju nastanka ovih simptoma i odmah se obratite svojem liječniku ili potražite medicinsku pomoć.
At the time of prescription patients should be advised of the signs and symptoms and monitored closely for skin reactions.
U trenutku propisivanja lijeka bolesnike je potrebno savjetovati o znakovima i simptomima te pomno motriti imaju li kožne reakcije.
If signs and symptoms suggestive of these reactions appear, cefalexin should be withdrawn immediately and an alternative treatment considered.
U slučaju pojavljivanja znakova i simptoma koji upućuju na te reakcije, potrebno je odmah prestati s primjenom cefaleksina i razmotriti zamjensku terapiju.
A red, scaly widespread rash with bumps under the skin and blisters accompanied by fever at the initiation of treatment (acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis).
Crveni, ljuskavi, široko rasprostranjeni osip s kvržicama ispod kože i mjehurićima popraćenima vrućicom, koji se javlja na početku liječenja (akutna generalizirana egzantematozna pustoloza).
Frequency ‘not known': Stress cardiomyopathy
Učestalost „nepoznato”: Stres kardiomiopatija
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (frequency: not known) Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
Poremećaji kože i potkožnog tkiva (učestalost: nepoznato) Akutna generalizirana egzantematozna pustuloza (AGEP)
Undesirable effects Cardiac disorders
Srčani poremećaji
If you develop a serious rash or another of these skin symptoms, stop taking cefalexin and contact your doctor or seek medical attention immediately.
U slučaju nastanka ozbiljnog osipa ili drugih kožnih simptoma, prestanite uzimati cefaleksin i odmah se obratite svojem liječniku ili potražite medicinsku pomoć.
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) has been reported in association with cefalexin treatment.
Akutna generalizirana egzantematozna pustoloza (AGEP) prijavljena je vezano uz liječenje cefaleksinom.
Norepinephrine - Stress cardiomyopathy (EPITT no
Noradrenalin - stres kardiomiopatija (EPITT br. 19172)
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) has been reported with the use of cefalexin.
Akutna generalizirana egzantematozna pustoloza (AGEP) prijavljena je kod primjene cefaleksina.
Table of ADRs:
Tablica nuspojava lijeka:
Strength Pharmaceutical Form Route of administration Packaging
Doza Farmaceutski oblik
The marketing authorisation application was submitted to the United Kingdom as reference Member State and Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain and The Netherlands as concerned Member States.
Zahtjev za izdavanje odobrenja za stavljanje VMP-a u promet dostavljen je u Ujedinjenoj Kraljevini kao referentnoj državi članici te Austriji, Belgiji, Češkoj Republici, Danskoj, Francuskoj, Njemačkoj, Grčkoj, Mađarskoj, Irskoj, Italiji, Luksemburgu, Poljskoj, Portugalu, Slovačkoj, Španjolskoj i Nizozemskoj kao državama članicama sudionicama u postupku.
In drinking water use.
Za primjenu u vodi za piće.
Having considered all the data submitted the CVMP concluded that:
Budući da su razmotreni svi dostavljeni podaci, CVMP je zaključio da je:
Advice for prudent use
Savjeti o razumnoj uporabi
Any unused medicated water should be discarded after 12 hours.
Svu neupotrijebljenu vodenu otopinu lijeka treba baciti nakon 12 sati.
Prepare the solution with fresh tap water immediately before use.
Pripremite otopinu sa svježom vodovodnom vodom neposredno prije primjene.
Each of these excipients is well-established and widely used in medicinal products and foodstuffs.
Svaka je od tih pomoćnih tvari dobro poznata i široko rasprostranjena u medicinskim i prehrambenim proizvodima.
During the decentralised procedure Denmark, as a concerned Member State, considered that Solamocta may present a potential serious risk to human and animal health.
Tijekom decentraliziranog postupka, Danska, kao država članica sudionica u postupku, zaključila je da Solamocta može predstavljati potencijalan ozbiljan rizik za zdravlje ljudi i životinja.
Add the following text in the relevant sections of the product information:
Dodajte sljedeći tekst u odgovarajuće dijelove informacije o VMP:
If this is not possible, therapy should be based on local (regional, farm level) epidemiological information about susceptibility of the target bacteria.
Ako to nije moguće, liječenje treba temeljiti na lokalnim (na mjesnoj razini, na razini farme) epidemiološkim podacima o osjetljivosti ciljne bakterije.
List of the names, pharmaceutical form, strength of the veterinary medicinal product, animal species, route of administration, applicant in the Member States
Popis imena, farmaceutskog oblika, jačine veterinarskomedicinskog proizvoda, vrsta životinja, puta primjene, podnositelja zahtjeva u državama članicama
The uptake of medicated water depends on the clinical condition of the birds.
Uzimanje vodene otopine lijeka ovisi o kliničkom stanju ptica.
After the end of the medication period the water supply system should be cleaned appropriately to avoid intake of sub-therapeutic amounts of the active substance.
Nakon završetka razdoblja liječenja sustav opskrbe vodom treba odgovarajuće očistiti kako bi se izbjegao unos subterapijskih količina djelatne tvari.
Use of the product should be based on susceptibility testing of the bacteria isolated from the animal.
Primjena proizvoda treba se temeljiti na testovima osjetljivosti bakterija izoliranih iz životinje.
mean body weight (kg) of animals to be treated
srednja vrijednost tjelesne težine (kg) životinja koje će se liječiti
Maximum solubility of the product in water of at least 10 °C is approximately 6 g/l within 10 minutes.
Maksimalna topljivost proizvoda u vodi pri najmanje 10 °C je približno 6 g/l unutar 10 minuta.
In order to obtain the correct dosage the concentration of amoxicillin has to be adjusted taking into account water intake.
Kako bi dobile točnu dozu, koncentraciju amoksicilina treba prilagoditi uzimajući u obzir unos vode.
At lower temperatures (4 °C), the maximum solubility is approximately 5 g/l within 10 minutes.
Pri nižim temperaturama (4 °C) maksimalna topljivost je približno 5 g/l unutar 5 minuta.
The valid summary of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflet are the final versions achieved during the Coordination Group procedure with the following amendments:
Važeći sažetak opisa svojstava, označavanje i uputa o VMP su završna verzija postignuta tijekom postupka pod nadzorom Koordinacijske grupe uz sljedeće izmjene:
It is also active against a limited range of Gram negative bacteria on which the outer layer of the bacterial cell wall is composed of lipopolysaccharide and proteins.
Djelotvoran je i protiv ograničenog broja Gram negativnih bakterija čiji se vanjski sloj bakterijskog staničnog zida sastoji od lipopolisaharida i proteina.
Cross-resistance is observed between amoxicillin and other penicillins, particularly with aminopenicillins.
Uočena je ukrižena rezistencija između amoksicilina i drugih penicilina, posebice aminopenicilina.
These issues remained unresolved and therefore a referral under Article 33(1) of Directive 2001/82/EC to the Coordination group for Mutual recognition and Decentralised procedures (veterinary) (CMD(v)) was started.
Ta su pitanja ostala neriješena i stoga je pokrenuto upućivanje u skladu s člankom 33. stavkom 1. Direktive 2001/82/EZ Koordinacijskoj grupi za uzajamno priznavanje i decentralizirani postupak (za veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode) (CMDv).
They have demonstrated that the highest therapeutic concentration is fully soluble within 10 minutes in hard/high pH water and soft/low pH water and have determined the maximum solubility (within 10 minutes) in water of different qualities and different temperatures, including very cold (4 °C) water.
Dokazao je da se najviša terapeutska koncentracija u potpunosti otapa u roku od 10 minuta u tvrdoj vodi/vodi s visokom pH vrijednošću te mekanoj vodi/vodi s niskom pH vrijednošću te je utvrdio najveću topivost (u roku od 10 minuta) u vodi različite kvalitete i temperature, uključujući vrlo hladnu vodu
In order to ensure consumption of the medicated water, animals should not have access to other water supplies whilst being treated.
Kako bi se osiguralo uzimanje vodene otopine lijeka, životinje ne smiju imati pristup vodi za vrijeme liječenja.
Official, national and regional antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the product is used.
Pri uporabi proizvoda treba uzeti u obzir službene nacionalne i lokalne smjernice o primjeni antimikrobnih lijekova.
The use of extended spectrum beta-lactam drugs (e.g. aminopenicillins) might lead to the selection of multi-resistant bacterial phenotypes (e.g. those producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)).
Primjena beta-laktamskih lijekova proširenog spektra (npr. aminopenicilina) može dovesti do selekcije multirezistentnih bakterijskih fenotipa (npr. onih koji proizvode beta-laktamaze proširenog spektra (engl. extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL))).
It inhibits the formation of bridges between the chains of linear polymers constituting the peptidoglycan cell wall of Gram positive bacteria.
On inhibira stvaranje veza između lanaca linearnih polimera koji sačinjavaju peptidoglikanski stanični zid Gram pozitivnih bakterija.
There are three main mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactams: beta-lactamase production, altered expression and/or modification of penicillin binding proteins (PBP), and decreased penetration of the outer membrane.
Postoje tri glavna mehanizma rezistencije na beta-laktame: stvaranje beta-laktamaze, promjena ekspresije i/ili modifikacija receptora koji vežu penicilin (engl. penicillin binding protein (PBP)) te smanjenje propusnosti vanjske membrane.