natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Abseamed 40,000 IU/1 mL solution for injection in a pre-filled syringe
Abseamed 40 000 IU/1 ml otopina za injekciju u napunjenoj štrcaljki epoetin alfa
Abseamed 10,000 IU/1 mL solution for injection in a pre-filled syringe Each mL of solution contains 10,000 IU of epoetin alfa* corresponding to 84.0 micrograms per mL
Abseamed 10 000 IU/1 ml otopina za injekciju u napunjenoj štrcaljki Jedan ml otopine sadrži 10 000 IU epoetina alfa*, što odgovara 84,0 mikrograma po ml.
1 pre-filled syringe of 0.4 mL contains 4,000 international units (IU) corresponding to 33.6 micrograms epoetin alfa.
NAVOĐENJE DJELATNE(IH) TVARI 1 napunjena štrcaljka od 0,4 ml sadrži 4000 međunarodnih jedinica (IU) što odgovara 33,6 mikrograma epoetina alfa.
Abseamed 10,000 IU/1 mL solution for injection in a pre-filled syringe
Abseamed 10 000 IU/1 ml otopina za injekciju u napunjenoj štrcaljki epoetin alfa
If the patient has developed a severe cutaneous skin reaction such as SJS or TEN due to the use of Abseamed, treatment with Abseamed must not be restarted in this patient at any time.
Johnsonov sindrom ili toksična epidermalna nekroliza, ni u jednom trenutku ne smije se ponovno započeti liječenje tog bolesnika lijekom Abseamed.
What is in this leaflet What Abseamed is and what it is used for What you need to know before you use Abseamed How to use Abseamed Possible side effects How to store Abseamed Contents of the pack and other information What Abseamed is and what it is used for Abseamed contains the active substance epoetin alfa, a protein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells which carry haemoglobin (a substance that transports oxygen).
Abseamed sadrži djelatnu tvar epoetin alfa, protein koji potiče koštanu srž da proizvodi više crvenih krvnih stanica koje sadrže hemoglobin (tvar koja prenosi kisik).
The patients were between 22 months and 72 years old.
Bolesnici su bili stari između 22 mjeseca i 72 godine.
1081 CN Amsterdam The Netherlands
1081 CN Amsterdam Nizozemska
It is usually given at least every 6 weeks.
Obično se daje svakih 6 tjedana.
Two of these 8 fatalities occurred within the first 3 years of treatment and 6 of them occurred 8-13 years after treatment.
Dva od tih 8 smrtnih slučajeva dogodila su se unutar prve 3 godine liječenja, a 6 od njih dogodilo se 8 do 13 godina nakon liječenja.
Emetogenic potential.
Emetogeni potencijal.
This medicinal product should not be used any further.
Ovaj lijek se više ne smije koristiti.
If such symptoms occur, you should contact your doctor immediately (see section
Ako se takvi simptomi pojave, morate se odmah obratiti svom liječniku (vidjeti dio
Lung damage may occur years after treatment.
Oštećenje pluća može se dogoditi godinama nakon liječenja.
Detailed information on this medicine is available on the European Medicines Agency web site: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/.
Detaljnije informacije o ovom lijeku dostupne su na internetskoj stranici Europske agencije za lijekove: http://www.ema.europa.eu.
Harmful for those suffering from alcoholism.
Štetno je za ljude koji pate od alkoholizma.
As a doctor or nurse will be giving you this medicine, it is unlikely that you will receive an incorrect dose.
S obzirom na to da će vam liječnik ili sestra davati ovaj lijek, nije vjerojatno da ćete primiti pogrešnu dozu.
On the other hand,
Međutim,
Percentage of prior dose to be given
Postotak prethodne doze koji treba dati
Your doctor will talk to you about the possibility of lung damage and allergic reactions and their symptoms.
Vaš liječnik razgovarat će s vama o mogućnosti oštećenja pluća i alergijskih reakcija te njihovih simptoma.
Carmustine Obvius should not be used during pregnancy because it may harm your unborn baby.
Carmustine Obvius ne smije se koristiti tijekom trudnoće jer može naškoditi Vašem nerođenom djetetu.
Carmustine Obvius with alcohol
Carmustine Obvius s alkoholom
Carmustine Obvius may cause the following side effects:
Carmustine Obvius može uzrokovati sljedeće nuspojave:
The amount of alcohol in this medicine may alter the effects of other medicines.
Količina alkohola u ovom lijeku može promijeniti učinke drugih lijekova.
If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.
Ako ste trudni ili dojite, mislite da biste mogli biti trudni ili planirate imati dijete, obratite se svojem liječniku ili ljekarniku za savjet prije nego primite ovaj lijek.
if you are allergic to carmustine or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6).
ako ste alergični na karmustin ili neki drugi sastojak ovog lijeka (naveden u dijelu 6.);
The following schedule is suggested as a guide to dosage adjustment:
Sljedeći raspored predlaže se kao vodič kod prilagodbe doziranja:
Long-term follow-up observation of 17 patients who survived brain tumours in childhood showed that 8 of them succumbed to pulmonary fibrosis.
Zapažanja iz dugoročnog praćenja 17 bolesnika koji su preživjeli tumore na mozgu u djetinjstvu pokazalo je da je 8 njih podleglo plućnoj fibrozi.
All remaining survivors available for follow-up were diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis.
Svim preostalima preživjelima koji su bili dostupni za praćenje dijagnosticirana je plućna fibroza.
If you use more Carmustine Obvius than you should
Ako primijenite više lijeka Carmustine Obvius nego što ste trebali
What Carmustine Obvius is and what it is used for
Što je Carmustine Obvius i za što se koristi
Other medicines and Carmustine Obvius
Drugi lijekovi i Carmustine Obvius
Contents of the pack and other information What Carmustine Obvius contains
Sadržaj pakiranja i druge informacije Što Carmustine Obvius sadrži
The presence of an oily film can be an indication of melting of the medicinal product.
Prisutnost masnog filma može biti naznaka otapanja lijeka.
The half-life α is 1-4 minutes and the half-life β is 18-69 minutes.
4 minute, a poluvijek β iznosi 18-69 minuta.
Safe use in pregnancy has not been established and therefore the benefit must be carefully weighed against the risk of toxicity.
Sigurna primjena u trudnoći nije utvrđena i stoga je potrebno pažljivo odmjeriti korist liječenja naspram rizika od toksičnosti.
Carmustine Obvius should not be used in children and adolescents due to high risk of pulmonary toxicity.
Carmustine Obvius ne smije se koristiti u djece i adolescenata zbog visokog rizika od plućne toksičnosti.
Pulmonary toxicity has been observed in up to 30% of patients.
Plućna toksičnost uočena je u do 30 % bolesnika.
Reconstitution and further dilutions should be carried out under aseptic conditions.
Rekonstituciju i daljnja razrjeđenja treba provesti u aseptičkim uvjetima.
After the intravenous infusion over 1 hour, the carmustine-plasma level drops in a biphasic manner.
Nakon intravenske infuzije u trajanju od sat vremena, plazmatske razine karmustina opadaju na bifazni način.
Levels of radioactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid are at least 50% higher than those measured concurrently in plasma.
Razine radioaktivnosti u cerebrospinalnoj tekućini su barem 50 % više od onih istodobno izmjerenih u plazmi.
The kinetic of carmustine in humans is characterised by a two-chamber model.
Kinetika karmustina u ljudi opisana je modelom s dva odjeljka.
Because clinical trials are conducted under very specific conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
S obzirom na to da se klinička ispitivanja provode pod vrlo specifičnim uvjetima, uočene nuspojave možda neće odražavati stope uočene u kliničkoj praksi.
Dosage is based on your medical condition, body size and response to treatment.
Doziranje se temelji na vašem zdravstvenom stanju, veličini tijela i reakciji na terapiju.
Dosage will also depend on whether Carmustine Obvius is given with other anti-cancer medicines.
Doziranje će također ovisiti o tome daje li se Carmustine Obvius s drugim lijekovima protiv raka.
DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION 10.
DATUM PRVOG ODOBRENJA / DATUM OBNOVE ODOBRENJA 10. DATUM REVIZIJE TEKSTA
Approximately 60-70% of a total dose is excreted in the urine in 96 hours and about 10% as respiratory CO2.
Približno 60 do 70 % ukupne doze izlučuje se u urinu tijekom 96 sati, a otprilike 10 % kao izdahnuti CO2 Razgradnja preostalog lijeka nije poznata.
Carmustine Obvius contains ethanol (alcohol)
Carmustine Obvius sadrži etanol (alkohol)
The duration of the treatment is determined by the doctor and may vary for each patient.
Trajanje liječenja određuje liječnik i može se razlikovati od bolesnika do bolesnika.
Because of the good lipid solubility and the lack of ionisation at the physiological pH, carmustine is very well transferred through the blood-brain barrier.
Zbog dobre topljivosti u lipidima i manjka ionizacije te fiziološkog pH, karmustin vrlo dobro prolazi kroz krvno-moždanu barijeru.
In patients having received carmustine in childhood or adolescence, cases of extremely delayedonset pulmonary fibrosis (up to 17 years after treatment) have been described.
Kod bolesnika koji su primali karmustin u djetinjstvu ili adolescenciji, opisani su slučajevi jako odgođenih nastupa plućne fibroze (do 17 godina nakon liječenja).
Interstitial fibrosis (with lower doses).
Intersticijska fibroza (s nižim dozama).
There are no limits for the period of application of carmustine therapy.
Nema ograničenja za trajanje razdoblja primjene terapije karmustinom.
Doses will be adjusted according to how you respond to the treatment.
Doze će se prilagoditi prema vašoj reakciji na liječenje.
When placebo-controlled trials are available, adverse reactions are included if the incidence is ≥ 5% higher in the treatment group.
Kad su dostupna placebom kontrolirana klinička ispitivanja, nuspojave su uključene ako je incidencija za ≥ 5% viša u skupini za liječenje.
Talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse before using Carmustine Obvius.
Obratite se svom liječniku, ljekarniku ili medicinskoj sestri prije nego primite Carmustine
During administration of the medicinal product, the container shall be of suitable glass ware.
Tijekom primjene lijeka, spremnik mora biti od prikladnog staklenog materijala.
Tell you doctor or nurse if you have any concern about the amount of medicine that you received.
Obratite se svom liječniku ili medicinskoj sestri ako imate bojazni oko količine lijeka koju primate.
Ethanol.
Etanol.
The carbamoylating activity of carmustine is generally considered less significant than the alkylating activity in its action on tumors, but carbamoylation may serve to inhibit DNA repair.
Karbamilacijska aktivnost karmustina općenito se smatra manje značajnom od njegove alkilirajuće aktivnosti u djelovanju na tumor, ali karbamilacija može služiti za inhibiciju popravka DNK.
In case the tumor remains incurable or some serious or intolerable adverse reactions appear, the carmustine therapy must be terminated.
U slučaju da tumor ostane neizlječiv te kod pojave ozbiljnih ili nepodnošljivih nuspojava, potrebno je prekinuti terapiju karmustinom.
Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in order of decreasing seriousness:
Unutar svake skupine učestalosti nuspojave su prikazane u redoslijedu prema sve manjoj ozbiljnosti:
If used during pregancy, the patient must be aware of the potential risk to the unborn baby.
Ako se koristi tijekom trudnoće, bolesnica mora biti svjesna potencijalnog rizika za nerođeno dijete.
The following table includes adverse reactions of carmustine listed by MedDRA system organ class and frequency convention presented in order of decreasing seriousness: very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to < 1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000), not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data).
U sljedećoj tablici nuspojave karmustina su navedene sukladno MedDRA klasifikaciji organskih sustava i učestalosti, a poredane prema sve manjoj ozbiljnosti: vrlo često (≥ 1/10); često (≥ 1/100 i < 1/10), manje često (≥ 1/1000 i < 1/100); rijetko (≥ 1/10 000 i < 1/1000); vrlo rijetko (< 1/10 000) i nepoznato (ne može se procijeniti iz dostupnih podataka).
A specialized antidote is not available.
Nema specifičnog antidota.
You must not breast-feed while taking this medicine and up to 7 days after treatment.
Ne smijete dojiti dok uzimate ovaj lijek te do 7 dana nakon liječenja.
In cases where pulmonary toxicity started early (within 3 years of treatment), pulmonary infiltrates and/or pulmonary fibrosis occurred, some of which were fatal.
U slučajevima gdje je plućna toksičnost počela rano (unutar 3 godine od liječenja), pojavili su se plućni infiltrati i/ili plućna fibroza pri čemu su neki slučajevi bili smrtonosni.
Carmustine Obvius has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Carmustine Obvius ne utječe ili zanemarivo utječe na sposobnost upravljanja vozilima i rada sa strojevima.
However, opinion is divided over the role of the carbamoylating intermediates as mediators of the biological effects of the nitrosoureas.
mišljenja su podijeljena oko uloge karbamilirajućih intermedijera kao posrednika bioloških učinaka nitrozoureja.
Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms: shortness of breath, persistent cough, chest pain, persistent weakness/tiredness.
Odmah recite svom liječniku ako iskusite bilo koji od sljedećih simptoma: nedostatak zraka, ustrajni kašalj, bol u prsima, ustrajna slabost/umor.
Melphalan Concomitant use with melphalan leads to increased risk of pulmonary toxicity.
Istodobna primjena s melfalanom vodi do povećanog rizika od plućne toksičnosti.
The table includes adverse reactions that were presented during treatment with this medicinal product but may not necessarily have a causal relationship with the medicinal product.
Tablica uključuje nuspojave koje su bile prisutne tijekom liječenja ovim lijekom, ali možda nisu nužno uzročno povezane s lijekom.
What Carmustine Obvius looks like and contents of the pack
Kako Carmustine Obvius izgleda i sadržaj pakiranja
The dosage will be confirmed with the blood count.
Doza se potvrđuje krvnom slikom.
Direct administration of carmustine into the carotid artery is regarded as experimental and has been associated with ocular toxicity.
Izravna primjena karmustina u karotidnu arteriju smatra se eksperimentalnom i povezana je s okularnom toksičnošću.
May cause birth defects.
Može uzrokovati urođene mane.
The main symptom of intoxication is myelosuppression.
Glavni simptom intoksikacije je mijelosupresija.
During treatment, lung function tests (FVC, DLCO) should be performed regularly.
Tijekom terapije treba redovito provoditi testove plućne funkcije (FVC, DLCO).
Your blood count will be monitored frequently to avoid toxicity in your bone marrow and the dose adjusted if necessary.
Vaša krvna slika često će se pratiti kako bi se izbjegla toksičnost za Vašu koštanu srž te po potrebi prilagodila doza.
Such products are not accepted for use due to the risk of temperature excursions to more than 30°C.
Takvi proizvodi nisu prihvatljivi za uporabu zbog rizika od odstupanja temperature na više od 30°C.
Blood counts should be monitored frequently and repeat courses should not be given before six weeks because of delayed haematologic toxicity.
Krvnu sliku treba često nadzirati, a ponovljene cikluse lijeka ne treba davati prije 6 tjedana zbog odgođene hematološke toksičnosti.
Males should be advised of potential risk of infertility and to seek fertility/family planning counselling prior to therapy with carmustine .
Muške bolesnike treba savjetovati o potencijalnom riziku od neplodnosti te da potraže savjet specijalista za plodnost/planiranje obitelji prije terapije karmustinom.
Leucocytes/mm3
Leukociti/mm3
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antineoplastic agents, alkylating agents, nitrosoureas, ATC code: L01AD01
Farmakoterapijska skupina: Antineoplastici, alkilirajući lijekovi, nitrozoureje, ATK oznaka: L01AD01
The lyophilisate can appear as a fine powder, however handling can cause it to appear as a more heavy and lumpy lyophilisate than as a powdery lyophilisate due to the mechanical instability of the freeze drying cake.
Liofilizat može izgledati kao fini prašak, međutim rukovanje njime može uzrokovati da izgleda teži i grudičastiji od praškastog liofilizata zbog mehaničke nestabilnosti suho zamrznutog kolačića.
What Carmustine Obvius is and what it is used for What you need to know before Carmustine Obvius is given to you How to use Carmustine Obvius
Što je Carmustine Obvius i za što se koristi Što morate znati prije nego što počnete primati Carmustin Obvius Kako primjenjivati Carmustine Obvius
Concomitant use with digoxin leads to delayed, moderate, suspected, decreased effect of digoxin (due to the decreased digoxin absorption).
Istodobna uporaba digoksina vodi ka odgođenom, umjerenom, suspektnom, smanjenom učinku digoksina (zbog smanjene apsorpcije digoksina).
Carmustine must be completely dissolved in ethanol before sterile water for injections is added.
Karmustin se mora otopiti do kraja u etanolu prije dodavanja sterilne vode za injekcije.
Carmustine crosses the blood-brain barrier readily because of its lipophilic nature.
Karmustin lako prolazi kroz krvno-moždanu barijeru zbog svoje lipofilne prirode.
In case of a decreased number of circulating platelets, leucocytes or erythrocytes either from previous chemotherapy or other cause the dose should be adjusted, see Table 1, section 4.2.
U slučaju smanjenog broja cirkulirajućih trombocita, leukocita ili eritrocita bilo zbog prethodne kemoterapije ili drugih uzroka, dozu treba prilagoditi, vidjeti tablicu 1, dio 4.2.
Severe bone marrow depression.
Teška depresija koštane srži.
Phenytoin and dexamethasone
Fenitoin i deksametazon
The antineoplastic and toxic activities of carmustine may be due to its metabolites.
Antineoplastično i toksično djelovanje karmustina može biti uzrokovano njegovim metabolitima.
Pulmonary fibrosis (with fatal outcome), pulmonary infiltration
Plućna fibroza (sa smrtnim ishodom), plućna infiltracija
Carmustine and related nitrosoureas are unstable in aqueous solutions and degrade spontaneously to reactive intermediates that are capable of alkylation and carbamoylation.
Karmustin i srodne nitrozoureje nisu stabilne u vodenim otopinama te se spontano raspadaju na reaktivne intermedijere koji mogu alkilirati i karbamilirati.
Hypersensitivity to the active substance, to other nitrosoureas or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Preosjetljivost na djelatnu tvar, druge nitrozoureje ili neku od pomoćnih tvari navedenih u dijelu 6.1.
Carmustine, at clinically relevant dose levels, was carcinogenic in rats and mice.
Karmustin je pri klinički relevantnim razinama doze bio kancerogen u štakora i miševa.
if you suffer from suppression of blood cell formation in the bone marrow and the number of your platelets, white blood cells (leucocytes), or red blood cells (erythrocytes) is therefore reduced, either as a result of chemotherapy or other causes.
ako patite od supresije (potisnutog) stvaranja krvnih stanica u koštanoj srži i broj vaših trombocita, bijelih krvnih stanica (leukocita) ili crvenih krvnih stanica (eritrocita) je stoga smanjen bilo kao rezultat kemoterapije ili zbog drugih uzroka.
Carmustine Obvius is a medicine which contains carmustine.
Carmustine Obvius je lijek koji sadrži karmustin.
Myelosuppression is very common and begins 7-14 days of administration with recovery 4256 days of administration.
Mijelosupresija je vrlo česta i počinje 7. do 14. dana primjene s oporavkom 42. do 56. dana primjene.
- Secondary therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease
- Sekundarna terapija kod ne-Hodgkinova limfoma i Hodgkinove bolesti
Powder: white to almost white powder or lyophilisate.
Prašak: bijeli do gotovo bijeli prašak liofilizata.
The powder is white to almost white powder supplied in a brown glass vial.
Prašak je bijeli do gotovo bijeli prašak koji dolazi u smeđoj staklenoj bočici.
Not known Infertility, teratogenesis.
Nepoznato Neplodnost, teratogeneza.
The bone marrow toxicity of carmustine is cumulative and therefore the dosage adjustment must be considered on the basis of nadir blood counts from prior doses (see section
Toksičnost karmustina za koštanu srž je kumulativna i stoga je potrebno razmotriti prilagodbu doze na temelju najnižih vrijednosti krvne slike kod prethodnih doza (vidjeti dio 4.2.).
Posology and laboratory investigations
Doziranje i laboratorijske pretrage
Common Alopecia, flushing (due to alcohol content of solvent; increased with administration times <1-2 h), injection site reaction.
Alopecija, navale crvenila (zbog alkoholnog sadržaja otapala; povećano s vremenima primjene <1-2 sata), reakcija na mjestu primjene.
Pulmonary toxicity also manifested in the post-marketing phase as pneumonitis and interstitial lung disease.
Plućna toksičnost također se manifestira u fazi nakon davanja odobrenja kao pneumonitis i intersticijska bolest pluća.
Emetogenic potential The emetogenic potential is high at doses >250 mg/m2 and high to moderate in doses
Emetogeni potencijal Emetogeni potencijal je visok pri visokim dozama >250 mg/m2 te visok do umjeren u dozama
Veno-occlusive disease (high-dose therapy).
Vensko-okluzivna bolest (terapija visokom dozom).
By following the recommended storage conditions it is possible to avoid any decomposition of the unopened vial until the date of expiry mentioned on the packaging.
Slijedeći preporučene uvjete čuvanja moguće je izbjeći bilo kakvu razgradnju lijeka u neotvorenoj bočici sve do datuma isteka roka valjanosti navedenog na pakiranju.
In addition, the following serious adverse reactions may occur: liver necrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, encephalomyelitis.
Pored toga, mogu se javiti sljedeće ozbiljne nuspojave: nekroza jetre, intersticijski pneumonitis, encefalomijelitis.
Secondary therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease
Sekundarna terapija kod ne-Hodgkinova limfoma i Hodgkinove bolesti
As an alkylating agent, it can alkylate reactive sites on nucleoproteins, thus interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis and DNA repair.
Kao alkilirajuća tvar, može alkilirati reaktivna mjesta na nukleoproteinima, interferirajući tako sa sintezom DNK i RNK te popravkom RNK.
Therefore this medicine should not normally be administered to pregnant women.
Stoga se ovaj lijek inače ne smije primjenjivati u trudnica.
All plastic coming into contact with the carmustine solution for infusion (e.g. infusion set, etc.) should be PVC-free polyethylene plastic, otherwise glass ware should be used.
Sva plastika koja dolazi u doticaj s otopinom karmustina za infuziju (npr. set za infuziju itd.) mora biti polietilenska plastika bez PVC-a, inače treba koristiti staklene spremnike.
Common Anorexia, constipation, diarrhoea, stomatitis.
Anoreksija, konstipacija, proljev, stomatitis.
Not known Extravasation hazard: vesicant
Nepoznato Opasnost od ekstravazacije: vezikant
In combination with chemotherapeutic medicinal products reduced activity of antiepileptic medicinal products must be anticipated.
U kombinaciji s kemoterapeuticima mora se očekivati smanjena aktivnost antiepileptika.
Repeat doses of Carmustine Obvius should not to be given more frequently than every six weeks.
Ponovljene doze lijeka Carmustine Obvius ne treba davati češće od svakih 6 tjedana.
Pneumonitis is seen for doses >450 mg/m2 and interstitial lung disease is seen with prolonged therapy and cumulative dose > 1,400 mg/m2.
Pneumonitis je zabilježen kod doza >450 mg/m2, a intersticijska bolest pluća zabilježena je kod produljene terapije i kumulativne doze > 1 400 mg/m2
After reconstitution Carmustine Obvius is stable for 3 hours, stored in a glass container and protected from light.
Nakon rekonstitucije lijek Carmustine Obvius stabilan je tijekom 3 sata kada je pohranjen u staklenom spremniku te zaštićen od svjetlosti.
Patients with a baseline below 70% of the predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) or carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) are particularly at risk.
Bolesnici s početnim vrijednostima ispod 70 % predviđenog forsiranog vitalnog kapaciteta (FVC) ili kapaciteta difuzije ugljikova monoksida (DLCO) posebno su izloženi riziku.