natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
- expenditures for construction, upgrade and reconstruction of school facilities and equipment of school institutions according to standards and norms prescribed by the minister, and in accordance with the state educational standards,
- rashode za izgradnju, dogradnju i rekonstrukciju školskog prostora te opremanje školskih ustanova prema standardima i normativima koje propisuje ministar, a u skladu s državnim pedagoškim standardima,
The criteria for space and equipment in secondary schools (space and equipment norms) were established as follows:
Mjerila za prostor i opremu u osnovnoj i srednjoj školi (normativi prostora i opreme) su utvrđena:
Articles 44 to 51,
člancima 44. do 51.
Preschool education in RC is realized in 875 elementary central schools and 1,226 regional school, which are located in 2,836 buildings.
Osnovnoškolski odgoj i obrazovanje u RH ostvaruje se u 875 osnovnih matičnih škola i 1.226 područnih škola, koje su smještene u 2.836 građevina.
of the NPS for elementary education
DPS-a osnovnoškolskog sustava odgoja i obrazovanja
of the NPS for preschool education
DPS-a predškolskog odgoja i naobrazbe
of the NPS for secondary education
DPS-a srednjoškolskog sustava odgoja i obrazovanja
Total number of pupils included in the general educational programmes and special programmes (for children with difficulties) is 355,960 (97% of population in the stated age.
Ukupan broj učenika uključenih u opće-obrazovne programe i posebne programe (za djecu s teškoćama) je 355.960 (obuhvat 97% populacije navedene dobi).
Although European schools operate in one shift, in RC most schools operate in two shifts (511) and 20 schools still operate in three shifts.
Iako je europski standard da škole rade u jednoj smjeni, u RH većina škola radi u dvije smjene (511), a 20 škola još uvijek radi u tri smjene.
Although both standards primarily started with the principle of schools working in one shift, due to decreased economic activity in the Republic of Croatia after 2008 and the introduction of necessary budget limitations during 2010, the provisions of the National Pedagogical Standard had to be adjusted through the amendment to the National Pedagogical Standard for Elementary Education, so that the basic standards for school space in principle need to secure working of schools in one shift and exceptionally, until the necessary conditions are met, in two shift.
Iako su oba standarda primarno polazila od načela rada škola u jednoj smjeni, zbog smanjenja gospodarske aktivnosti u Republici Hrvatskoj nakon 2008. godine i uvođenja potrebnih proračunskih ograničenja tijekom 2010. godine izvršena je prilagodba odredbi Državnog pedagoškog standarda kroz Izmjene i dopune Državnoga pedagoškog standarda osnovnoškolskog sustava odgoja i obrazovanja, na način da se osnovni standard školskog prostora u pravilu treba osigurati rad škole u jednoj smjeni do stvaranja potrebnih uvjeta, a iznimno u dvije smjene.
Total number of pupils included in these schools in 180,106 pupils.
Ukupan broj učenika uključenih u ove škole je 180.106 učenika.
Founders of 380 schools are cities and counties, and 49 are private.
Osnivači 380 škola su gradovi i županije, 49 je privatnih škola.
Elementary school is completed through formal education by 98% of enrolled pupils, which corresponds to the European average.
Osnovnu školu formalnim obrazovanjem završava oko 98% upisanih učenika, što je u skladu s europskim prosjekom.
Although European schools operate in one shift, in RC some secondary schools operate in two shifts (263) and 4 schools still operate in three shifts.
Iako je europski standard da škole rade u jednoj smjeni u RH neke srednje škola rade u dvije smjene (263), a još 4 škole radi u tri smjene.
Total of 178 of secondary schools own a sports hall for physical education classes.
Ukupno 178 srednjih škola ima u vlasništvu ili mogućnost korištenja javne dvorane za izvođenje nastave TZK.
Total of 631 of elementary schools own a sports hall for physical education classes.
Ukupno 631 osnovna škola ima u vlasništvu športsku dvoranu za izvođenje nastave TZK.
Changes in organization of financing, in terms of shifting towards decentralization of funding systems and decision making systems, which took place in 2001, when it was determined with the legal provisions to fund capital and current expenditure in primary and secondary schools through the budgets of counties and 32 (now 33) major cities, which have also taken over the function of financing these expenditures for primary education (holders of financing).
Promjene u organizaciji sustava financiranja, u smislu zaokreta prema decentralizaciji sustava osiguravanja sredstava i odlučivanja o financiranju, dogodile su se 2001. godine, kada je zakonskim odredbama utvrđeno da se sredstva za tekuće i kapitalne izdatke osnovnih i srednjih škola osiguravaju u proračunima županija i 32 (danas 33) veća grada koji su također preuzeli funkciju financiranja ovih rashoda za osnovno školstvo (nositelji financiranja).
In the academic year
Na visokim učilištima u RH u ak. god.
The required funds (minimum amount) for capital investment in schools, are provided and ensured through two decisions of the Government of the Republic of Croatia, and by the Decision on criteria and standards for the establishment of the balance sheet rights for the financial of minimal financial standards of public needs of elementary education and the Decision on criteria and standards for the establishment of balance sheet rights for the minimum financing of minimal financial standards of public needs of secondary schools and student homes.
Potrebna sredstva (minimalni iznos) za kapitalna ulaganja u škole, jamče se i osiguravaju putem dviju odluka Vlade Republike Hrvatske, i to Odlukom o kriterijima i mjerilima za utvrđivanje bilančnih prava za financiranje minimalnog financijskog standarda javnih potreba osnovnog školstva i Odlukom o kriterijima i mjerilima za utvrđivanje bilančnih prava za financiranje minimalnog financijskog standarda javnih potreba srednjih škola i učeničkih domova.
Decisions are made for each fiscal year.
Odluke se donose za svaku proračunsku godinu.
Number of students who complete their studies in the Republic of Croatia almost doubled in the period from 2005 to 2009.
Broj studenata koji završavaju studij u Republici Hrvatskoj gotovo je udvostručen u razdoblju od 2005. do 2009. godine.
Expenditures for acquisition of fixed assets and additional investments in non-financial assets of counties, City of Zagreb and 33 major cities are planned and spent on the basis of the Expenditure plan for acquisition of fixed assets and additional investments in non-financial assets (Capital Investment Plans) for the current year.
Rashode za nabavu proizvedene dugotrajne imovine i dodatna ulaganja na nefinancijskoj imovini županije, Grad Zagreb i 33 veća grada planiraju i troše na osnovi Plana rashoda za nabavu proizvedene dugotrajne imovine i dodatna ulaganja na nefinancijskoj imovini (Planovi kapitalnih ulaganja) za tekuću godinu.
Plan is issued by the competent authority of the holder of funding (county, City of Zagreb and) no later than the end of March this year.
Plan donosi nadležno tijelo nositelja financiranja (županije, Grada Zagreba i gradova) najkasnije do kraja ožujka tekuće godine.
MSES issues preliminary approvals to these Plans.
MZOŠ izdaje prethodne suglasnosti na ove Planove.
Upon receiving the preliminary written consent, counties and towns can use the funds allocated for the expenditures.
Po dobivanju pisane prethodne suglasnosti županije i gradovi mogu koristiti sredstva za ove rashode.
The process of implementation of capital investment in primary and secondary schools in Croatia
Postupak provedbe kapitalnih ulaganja osnovnih i srednjih škola u Hrvatskoj
No.
Rb
Activities on drafting up document, that is, implementation of procedures
Aktivnosti na izradi dokumenta, odnosno provedbi postupaka
Competent body for the activities
Nositelj aktivnosti
school
škola
county/town
županija/grad
MSES
MZOŠ
Government
Vlada
Parliament
Sabor
Establishment of criteria and norms for space and equipment (National Pedagogical Standard)
Utvrđivanje kriterija i mjerila za prostor i opremu (Državni pedagoški standard)
Establishment of space and equipment standards (elaboration of criteria and norms
Utvrđivanje normativa prostora i opreme (razrada kriterija i mjerila)
Planing and ensuring funds for capital projects
Planiranje i osiguravanje sredstava za kapitalne projekte
Decisions on minimal financial standards
Odluke o minimalnim financijskim standardima
Application of capital project for financing
Prijava kapitalnih projekta za financiranje (aplikacija)
With continued investments in the educational system, Croatia shall reach the level of 20% of highly educated people in 2011.
Uz nastavak ulaganja u sustav obrazovanja, Hrvatska će u 2011. godini postići razinu od 20% visokoobrazovanih.
Number of students and graduating students is also on the rise.
Raste i broja studenata i diplomanata.
Submission of concept designs (concept solutions) for construction and reconstruction of schools to the MSES for approval
Podnošenje idejnih projekata (idejnih rješenja) za gradnju i rekonstrukciju škola MZOŠ-u na suglasnost
Depending on the predictable demographic, economic and urban developments in the school area and the impact of these developments on the school network, the MSES issued the approval for concept designs for construction of new schools and renovation of existing schools to work in one or two shifts.one or two shifts.
Naime, ovisno o predvidivim demografskim, gospodarskim i urbanističkim kretanjima na upisnom području škole te utjecaju ovih kretanja na mrežu škola, MZOŠ izdaje suglasnost na idejne projekte za izgradnju novih škola, kao i dogradnju i rekonstrukciju postojećih škola za rad u jednoj ili dvije smjene.
The request for approval by professionals at the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports to the concept designs and preliminary designs for the construction, upgrading or reconstruction of schools are submitted directly by the school founders (counties, cities, municipalities) or the schools directly.
Zahtjev za suglasnost stručnim službama Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i športa na idejna rješenja ili idejne projekte za izgradnju, dogradnju ili rekonstrukciju škola podnose osnivači škola (županije, gradovi, općine) ili same škole izravno.
Thus, for each concept design or preliminary design school, for which funding from public sources is expected, it is necessary to obtain prior written approval of the same from the competent authorities of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports.
Dakle, za svako idejno rješenje ili idejni projekt škole, za koji se očekuje financiranje iz javnih izvora, potrebno je prethodno dobiti pisanu suglasnost na istu od nadležnih uprava Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i športa.
DEMOGRAPHIC ESTIMATIONS
DEMOGRAFSKE PROCJENE
Issuance of approval for concept designs (solutions)
Izdavanje suglasnosti na idejne projekte (idejna rješenja)
General demographic characteristic of RC is increase of share of older population with the simultaneous drop of natality rate.
Opće demografsko obilježje RH je porast udjela staračkog stanovništva uz istovremeni pad nataliteta.
Drafting and adopting of plans for capital investment (establishment of priorities)
Izrada i donošenje planova kapitalnih ulaganja (utvrđivanje prioriteta)
Implementation of plans for capital investments (public procurement, contracts, etc.)
Realiziranje planova kapitalnih ulaganja (javna nabava, ugovaranje i sl.)
Financing of capital investments (calculation and payment)
Financiranje kapitalnih ulaganja (obračun i plaćanje)
Realization and reports on the realization of the project
Stavljanje u funkciju i izvještavanje o realizaciji projekta
When it comes to higher education systems, the funds for capital investments are ensured and guaranteed by the Republic of Croatia, directly from the state Budget or through bank loan for which the State guarantees and which it pays off.
Što se tiče sustava visokoškolskog obrazovanja sredstva za kapitalna ulaganja osigurava i jamči RH izravno iz državnog proračuna ili putem bankarskih kredita za koje jamči i vraća RH.
Plans for investment and their realization are adopted and implemented by Croatian universities.
Planove ulaganja i njihovu provedbu donose i realiziraju hrvatska sveučilišta.
8 July 2011
8. srpnja 2011.
FINANCING DIRECTORATE
UPRAVA ZA FINANCIJE
Projections show that in 2010, the number for the stated age will be over 865,000 and in 2030 841,000.
Projekcije pokazuje da će za navedenu dob taj broj 2020. godine biti preko 865.000, a 2030. godine 841.000.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN CROATIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
KAPITALNA ULAGANJU U HRVATSKOM ODGOJNOM I OBRAZOVNOM SUSTAVU
Act on Elementary and Secondary School Education ("Official Gazette", no. 87/08, 86/09, 92/10 and 105/10)
Zakonom o odgoju i obrazovanju u osnovnoj i srednjoj koli (Narodne novine, broj 87/08., 86/09., 92/10. i 105/10. ispr.)
Scientific Activity and Higher Education Act ("Official Gazette", no. 123/03, 105/04, 174/04, 2/07 - Decision of the Constitutional Court of RC, 46/07, 46/09 and 63/11)
Zakonom o znanstvenoj djelatnosti i visokom obrazovanju (Narodne novine, broj 123/03, 105/04, 174/04, 2/07-Odluka USRH, 46/07, 45/09 i 63/11)
These regulations (hereinafter NPS) determine more specifically the standards which ensure the quality of the system (programmes, number of children in the educational group or class division, number of employees, standards for facilities and equipment etc.)
Ovim propisima (u daljnjem tekstu DPS) pobliže se utvrđuju mjerila kojima se osigurava kvaliteta sustava (programi, broj djece u odgojnoj skupini, odnosno razrednom odjelu, broj zaposlenih, normativi prostora i opreme i sl.).
Elementary education is obligatory for all pupils aged from 6.5 to 15.
Osnovnoškolsko obrazovanje obvezno za sve učenike u dobi 6,5 do 15 godina života.
Founders of 863 schools are cities, municipalities and counties, and 12 private schools were founded by other legal and natural entities.
Osnivači 863 škole su gradovi, općine i županije, a 12 privatnih škola osnivači su druge pravne i fizičke osobe.
In RC, secondary education is realized in 429 schools and 97 comprehensive schools, 80 four-year programme secondary schools (schools with comprehensive programmes and four-year vocational programmes), 198 four-year and five-year vocational programmes, 20 three-year vocational schools, 34 art schools, located in 715 buildings.
U RH srednjoškolski odgoj i obrazovanje ostvaruje se u 429 škola i to 97 gimnazija, 80 četverogodišnjih srednjih škola (škole sa programima gimnazije i četverogodišnjim strukovnim programima), 198 četverogodišnjih i petogodišnjih strukovnih programa 20 trogodišnjih strukovnih škola, 34 umjetničke škole, koje su smještene u 715 građevina.
Secondary education in non-compulsory, and the policy of the Government of the Republic of Croatia is that every child in the age of secondary education should complete some form of secondary education.
Srednjoškolsko obrazovanje je neobavezno, a politika je Vlade RH da svako dijete u srednjoškolskoj dobi ipak završi neki od oblika srednjoškolskog obrazovanja.
Secondary school is completed through formal education by 96% of enrolled pupils.
Srednju školu formalnim obrazovanjem završava oko 96% upisanih učenika.
In RC, there are total of 136 institution of higher education, of which 7 are public universities, 3 are private universities, 16 polytechnics, of which 3 are private ones, and 31 four-year colleges of which 3 are public.
U RH djeluje ukupno 136 visokih učilišta, od toga je 7 javnih sveučilišta, 3 privatna sveučilišta, 16 veleučilišta, od toga 3 privatna veleučilišta te 31 visoka škola, od toga 3 javne visoke škole.
Thus in 2005, 18,190 students graduated from institutions of higher education in Croatia, in 2006 19,566 students, in 2007 20,969 students, in 2008 25,573 students, in 2009 30,156 students (source:
Tako je 2005. godine na hrvatskim visokim učilištima diplomiralo 18.190 studenata, 2006. godine 19.566 studenata, 2007. godine 20.969 studenata, 2008. godine 25.573 studenta, 2009. godine 30.156 studenata (izvor:
Central Bureau of Statistics).
Državni zavod za statistiku).
According to the report of the European Commission, Croatia was in 2006, according to its share of highly educated people, ranked with Austria, Hungary and Poland, before Czech Republic, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania and Slovakia.
Prema izvješću Europske komisije, Hrvatska je 2006. godine po udjelu visokoobrazovanih bila u rangu s Austrijom, Mađarskom i Poljskom, a ispred Češke, Italije, Malte, Portugala, Rumunjske i Slovačke.
According to the estimated share of highly educated people, based on the data of the Central Bureau of Statistics, number of highly educated for the population aged between 25 and 64 year is 18.5% for 2008.
Prema procjeni udjela visokoobrazovanih, u dobi od 25. do 64. godine, temeljenoj na podacima Državnoga zavoda za statistiku, broj visokoobrazovanih u ovoj populaciju za 2008. iznosi 18,5%.
In respect to 2004, number of graduating persons increased for over 20% while number of students increased for more than 40 thousand students.
U odnosu na 2004. godinu broj diplomiranih povećao se za preko 20% dok se broj studenata povećao za više od 40 tisuća studenata.
In the previous 20 years, there has been a trend of reduction in the number of live born babies, which is best seen in the number of children enrolled into the first grade.
U prethodnih 20 godina prisutan je trend smanjenja broja živorođene djece što se najbolje očituje u broju upisanih učenika u prvi razred osnovne škole.
Therefore, in school year 1997/98 (after the peaceful reintegration of the Croatian Danube region), 50,269 pupils were enrolled into the first grade, and in 2011/12, 39,707 pupils, or 10,562 pupils less.
Tako je školske godine 1997./98. godine (nakon mirne reintegracije hrvatskog Podunavlja) u prvi razred osnovne škole upisano 50.269 učenika, a u školskoj godini 2011./12. godini upisano je 39.707 učenika ili 10.562 učenika manje.
Relevant projections of the Croatian population in the period from 2010 to 2061, show that the population aged between 0 and 19 (which numbered over 932,000 in 2010) will be reducing.
Relevantne projekcije stanovništva RH u razdoblju od 2010. do 2061. godine pokazuju da će se stanovništvo u dobi od 0 do 19 godina (kojeg je u 2010. godini bilo preko 932.000) smanjivati.
2010/2011, there is a total of 194,187 students in Croatia, of which 86,197 are full-time students with grants of the MSES, 52,010 are full-time students for personal purposes, 55,402 are part-rime students and 578 are foreign students.
2010./2011. studira ukupno 194.187 studenata, od toga 86.197 redoviti studenti uz potporu MZOŠ, 52.010 redoviti studenti za osobne potrebe, 55.402 izvanredni studenti i strani državljani 578.
European average of the scope of preschool programme is 75% of population, and in order to achieve this average in RC, 200 more kindergartens have to be built, in the capacity of 200 children per kindergarten.
Europski prosjek obuhvata predškolskim programom je 75% populacije, a da bi se dostigao ovaj postotak u RH je potrebno izgraditi još najmanje 200 dječjih vrtića veličine 200 djece po vrtiću.
According to the aforementioned, it is not realistic to expect increase in the number of pupils in elementary and secondary schools in the next twenty years (demographic drop in population), but to expect increase in the number of children included in the preschool education (due to the increase of scope) and increase in the number of students because of the educational policies of RC, i.e. the increase of highly educated population in the total number of population.
Sukladno navedenom, u narednih dvadesetak godina nije realno očekivati povećanje broja učenika u osnovnim i srednjim školama (demografski pad stanovništva), ali je za očekivati porast broj djece uključene u predškolski odgoj (zbog povećanja obuhvata) te povećanje broja studenata zbog obrazovnih politika RH, tj. povećanja udjela visokoobrazovanog stanovništva u ukupnom broju stanovništva.
Statement of financial position (Balance sheet) as on 31.12.2010
Izvještaj o financijskom položaju (Bilanca) na dan 31.12.2010.
(cont'd)
(nastavak)
Statement of cash flows (indirect method) for the period 01.01.2010-31.12.2010
Izvještaj o novčanim tokovima (indirektna metoda) za razdoblje 01.01.2010.- 31.12.2010.
Statement of changes in equity for the period 01.01.2010-31.12.2010
Izvještaj o promjenama kapitala za razdoblje 01.01.2010.- 31.12.2010.
REG. NUMBER:
URBROJ:
Welding of modified beech wood
Zavarivanje modificirane bukovine
If these comparisons were made at optimal tightness for welding of non-modified wood, the percentage differences would be much greater.
Da su ove usporedbe rađene kod optimalnih zadora za zavarivanje nemodificiranog drva postotne razlike bile bi puno veće.
Key words:
Ključne riječi:
According to the research of Živković et al
Prema istraživanjima Živkovića i dr.
These data relate to arch wood and beech wood processed at two temperature levels, at 190 and 210 °C.
Ti se podaci odnose na jasenovinu i bukovinu obrađenu na dvije temperaturne razine, na 190 i 210 °C.
Župčić et al.
Župčić i dr.
The best results have been achieved by samples that were not thermally treated.
Najbolje rezultate postigli su uzorci koji nisu bili toplinski tretirani.
The greatest embedded force was achieved with samples thermally treated at 140 °C, immersed in water, while other non-modified samples had statistically lesser embedded force.
U uzoraka potapanih u vodu najveću izvlačnu silu postigli su uzorci toplinski tretirani na 140 °C, dok su nemodificirani uzorci imali statistički neznačajno manju izvlačnu silu.
For samples immersed in cold water, it was expected that at all applied temperatures of modification, embedded force shall be greater than the one in non-modified wood considering that the modification increases the stability of wood, and it reduces the affinity towards water.
Za uzorke potapane u hladnu vodu bilo je očekivano da će pri svim primijenjenim temperaturama modifikacije izvlačna sila biti veća od one u nemodificiranom drvu s obzirom na to da se modifikacijom povećava dimenzijska stabilnost drva, te mu se smanjuje afinitet prema vodi.
MATERIALS AND METHOD OF WORK
MATERIJALI I METODA RADA
(Croatian standard for determination of wood density for testing of physical and mechanical properties of wood).
(hrvatska norma za određivanje gustoće drva za ispitivanje fizikalnih i mehaničkih svojstava drva).
(Croatian standard for determination of water content for testing of physical and mechanical properties of wood).
(hrvatska norma za određivanje sadržaja vode za ispitivanje fizikalnih i mehaničkih svojstava drva).
Samples treated with citric acid and hot air, enabled the use of welding time reduced for 0.1 s in relation to the samples treated with hot air only.
Uzorci tretirani limunskom kiselinom i vrućim zrakom omogućavali su korištenje vremena zavarivanja umanjenog za 0,1 s u odnosu na uzorke tretirane samo toplim zrakom.
Table 1.
Tablica 1.
List of samples and their codes
Popis uzoraka i njihove oznake
Dowel welded into the thermally treated base (160 °C) in the direction of fibres
Moždanik zavaren u toplinski tretiranu podlogu (160 °C) u smjeru vlakanaca
Dowel welded into the chemically (citric acid) and thermally treated base (160 °C) in the direction of fibres
Moždanik zavaren u kemijski (limunska kiselina) i toplinski tretiranu podlogu (160 °C) u smjeru vlakanaca
Dowel welded into the thermally treated base (160 °C) vertically to the direction of fibres
Moždanik zavaren u toplinski tretiranu podlogu (160 °C) okomito na smjer vlakanaca
Dowel welded into the chemically (citric acid) and thermally treated base (160 °C) vertically to the direction of fibres
Moždanik zavaren u kemijski (limunska kiselina) i toplinski tretiranu podlogu (160 °C) okomito na smjer vlakanaca
For the purpose of this research, thermal modification was used and modification with citric acid in combination with hot air.
Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korištena je toplinska modifikacija i modifikacija limunskom kiselinom u kombinaciji s toplim zrakom.
Samples were thermally modified with hot air.
Uzorci su toplinski modificirani toplim zrakom.