natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Regarding points 99 to 103 of the R&R aid Guidelines, even though they provide for specific conditions for aid to SGEI providers in difficulty, the Commission comes to the view that the loans under assessment cannot be assessed or taken into account as a compensation for the provision of such services as referred to in point 100 of the R&R aid Guidelines.
6 artikla
First, it is not claimed nor established that CE Hunedoara has been operating on the basis of valid entrustment acts singling out any justifiable difference with the production of electricity by other electricity generators active in Romania; according to established case law of the European Court of Justice, the presence of a valid entrustment act is an essential condition for state aid to be considered as valid compensation of a Service of General economic Interest.
Tämä päätös on osoitettu Romanialle.
Second, the loans at issue were ad hoc loans for specific purposes and have not been granted with regard to identifiable and justified extra costs of service provision.
Tehty Brysselissä 8 päivänä marraskuuta 2018
Third, the loan amounts have not been set, individually or cumulatively, on the basis of objective parameters set out in advance and calibrated specifically for the determined costs of the SGEI taking into account all revenues and costs of Hunedoara.
Komission puolesta
Therefore, the Commission cannot, under points 100 and 101 of the R&R aid Guidelines, consider that the loans in question should be regarded as valid compensations under the SGEI Decision or the SGEI Framework.
Komission jäsen
Romania has also failed to meet its commitment to legally separate the coal mines from the power generation within CE Hunedoara, which was a commitment it made at the time the rescue aid was approved and which, according to its submissions, could take between six and nine months.
EUVL C 158, 4.5.2018, s. 47.
Two coal mines are receiving operating aid for closure pursuant to the Decision regarding the second aid to coal mines (recital 12 above).
Ks. alaviite 1.
Romania has argued in its comments to the opening decision that separate accounts are held for the mining and electricity generation activities; however, separate accounts themselves do not prevent cross-financing of the mining activity.
EUVL C 23, 25.1.2013, s. 3.
Romania did not demonstrate that cross-financing does not occur by e.g. presenting evidence that the use of the State aid only benefits the electricity generation activity.
Neuvoston päätös 2010/787/EU, annettu 10 päivänä joulukuuta 2010, kilpailukyvyttömien kivihiilikaivosten sulkemisen helpottamiseksi annettavasta valtiontuesta (EUVL L 336, 21.12.2010, s. 24).
Absent this necessary evidence, it cannot be excluded that some of the loans covered by the present decision have benefitted directly or indirectly the coal mines of CE Hunedoara, in violation of point 16 of the R&R aid Guidelines which exclude the coal sector from R&R aid.
Komission päätös (EU) 2015/1877, annettu 20 päivänä huhtikuuta 2015, tariffeista, jotka romanialainen S.C.
Finally, it is worth noting that the proceeds from loan granted to repay the incompatible aid remain available to CE Hunedoara.
Hidroelectrica SA on maksanut S.C.
In light of the Deggendorf principle, the accumulation of a non-repaid loan granted to repay earlier incompatible aid with the other three loans, does not allow considering that the possible restructuring aid to CE Hunedoara is compatible with the internal market on the basis of point 94 of the R&R aid Guidelines.
Termoelectrica S.A:n ja S.C.
Yet, whilst benefitting from State aid in the form of the loans at issue to the extent that they have not been repaid, CE Hunedoara continues to operate at the detriment of competitors.
Electrocentrale Deva S.A:n hyväksi SA.33475 (12/C) (EUVL L 275, 20.10.2015, s. 46), johdanto-osan 117–124 kappale.
In conclusion, based on the above, the Commission considers that the BCR and BRD loans contracted for the benefit of CE Hunedoara, jointly assessed with the excessive prolongation of the rescue aid loan transforming it into a restructuring loan and the loan granted to repay the incompatible aid, are incompatible with the internal market.
Tässä päätöksessä tiedotustarkoituksiin käytetty vaihtokurssi on RON/EUR= 0,215 (31.1.2018).
As regards the rescue aid loan, in line with point 55(d) of the R&R aid Guidelines, Romania committed to submitting, within maximum six months from the date of the rescue aid decision or the disbursement of the first instalment (recital 54 of the rescue aid decision), either proof that the loan was reimbursed, or a valid restructuring plan, or a substantiated liquidation plan setting out the steps leading to the liquidation of CE Hunedoara within a reasonable time frame, without further aid.
Komission päätös, annettu 21 päivänä huhtikuuta 2015, SA.41318 (2015/N) – Romania – Notification of the rescue aid to Complexul Energetic Hunedoara (EUVL C 203, 19.6.2015, s. 5).
Romania did not meet this commitment, since (i) the rescue loan has not been fully reimbursed and (ii) Romania was informed that the restructuring plan (submitted by Romania in October 2015 and amended in January 2016) did not ensure that CE Hunedoara could reach long term viability without further continuous aid.
EUVL C 249, 31.7.2014, s. 1.
In addition to the above, the Commission notes that the timeline for the liquidation of CE Hunedoara with a minimum duration of three years, as submitted by Romania in May 2017 (that is 1,5 years after the deadline of October 2015, i.e. six months after granting the rescue aid approved by the rescue aid decision), appears to be rather long.
Tästä suunnitelmasta keskusteltiin myös Romanian viranomaisten kanssa 23 päivänä lokakuuta 2015 pidetyssä kokouksessa.
From the above the Commission concludes that the prolongation of the rescue aid loan is incompatible with the internal market.
Euroopan unionin toiminnasta tehdyn sopimuksen 107 ja 108 artiklan mukaisen valtiontuen hyväksyminen – Tapaukset, joita komissio ei vastusta (EUVL C 127, 21.4.2017, s. 1).
RECOVERY
Rakennettu kahdessa vaiheessa, ensin vuosina 1969–1971 ja sen jälkeen vuosina 1977–1980 – ks. GMC Insolvency Consulting -raportti maaliskuulta 2016, sivu 37, cigmc.ro/files/Raport%20art.%2097.pdf
According to the TFEU and the Court's established case-law, the Commission is competent to decide that the Member State concerned must abolish or alter aid when it has found that it is incompatible with the internal market.
Rakennettu kahdessa vaiheessa, ensin vuosina 1956–1959 ja sen jälkeen vuosina 1962–1964 (ks. julkisesti saatavilla olevat tiedot osoitteessa https://uzinaparoseni.wordpress.com/).
The Court has also consistently held that the obligation on a Member State to abolish aid regarded by the Commission as being incompatible with the internal market is designed to re-establish the previously existing situation.
Sisämarkkinoille soveltumatonta tukea koskeva päätös, annettu 20 päivänä huhtikuuta 2015, johdanto-osan 84, 88–90, 98 ja 117–124 kappale.
In this context, the Court has established that this objective is attained once the recipient has repaid the amounts granted by way of unlawful aid, thus forfeiting the advantage which it had enjoyed over its competitors on the market, and the situation prior to the payment of the aid is restored.
Pelastamistukea koskeva päätös, annettu 21 päivänä huhtikuuta 2015, johdanto-osan 13 ja 63 kappale.
In this regard, Article 16(1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 states that ‘where negative decisions are taken in cases of unlawful aid, the Commission shall decide that the Member State concerned shall take all necessary measures to recover the aid from the beneficiary […]’.
Kivihiilikaivoksille myönnettyä ensimmäistä tukea koskeva päätös, annettu 22 päivänä helmikuuta 2012, johdanto-osan 4–10 kappale.
Thus, (i) the BCR loan (ii) the BRD loan, (iii) the loan to repay the incompatible aid and (iv) the rescue aid loan — which became unlawful as from the moment when the rescue aid was not repaid within six months after its granting and/or disbursement- were implemented in violation of Article 108(3) TFEU, and are to be considered as unlawful and incompatible aid, they must be recovered in order to re-establish the situation that existed on the market prior to their granting.
ANREn vuosikertomukset vuosilta 2013, 2014 ja 2015 (saatavana osoitteessa http://www.anre.ro/en/about-anre/annual-reports-archive).
Recovery should cover the time from when the advantage accrued to the beneficiary, that is to say when the aid in the form of principal amount of loans was unlawfully put at the disposal of the beneficiary, until effective recovery, and the sums to be recovered should bear interest until effective recovery.
Ks. myös Transelectrican tiedot asennetun tuotantokapasiteetin kokonaismäärästä ja käytettävissä olevasta määrästä kunkin käytettävissä olevan yksikön ja ensisijaisten energialähteiden mukaan (saatavilla osoitteessa http://transelectrica.ro/web/tel/productie).
The recovery interest is distinct from the contractual interest, the interest for late payments or other related sums related to the loans at issue owed by Hunedoara to the State.
CE Hunedoara, hallintoneuvoston laatimat raportit vuosilta 2013, 2014 ja 2015 (saatavana osoitteessa: http://www.cenhd.ro/index.php/situatii-financiare/).
In accordance with established case-law, the insolvency of the beneficiary and its inability to repay the aid do not constitute a valid reason for exempting it from its obligation to reimburse the aid.
OPCOMin vuosikertomukset vuosilta 2013, 2014 ja 2015 (saatavana osoitteessa https://www.opcom.ro/compania/compania.php?lang=ro&id=6).
In this case, restoring the situation prior to the payment of the aid and removing the distortion of competition can in principle be achieved by registering the liability relating to the repayment of the aid in the schedule of liabilities as part of the court-supervised liquidation procedure.
Ks. esimerkiksi kuormitusasteet, jotka on ilmoitettu päätöksessä SA.38760 (2016/C) (EUVL C 46, 5.2.2016, s. 19).
Where the Member State is unable to recover the full amount of aid, registration of the liability can meet the recovery obligation provided that the insolvency proceedings result in the winding up of the undertaking which received the unlawful aid, that is to say, in the definitive cessation of its activities.
http://www.cenhd.ro/images/File/Situatii%20financiare/2013/Raportul%20administratorilor%20-%202013.pdf, sivu 3.http://www.cenhd.ro/images/File/Situatii%20financiare/2014/Raportul%20administratorilor%20-%202014.pdf, sivu 3.http://www.cenhd.ro/images/File/Situatii%20financiare/2015/Raportul%20administratorilor%20-%202015.pdf, sivu 11.
The liquidation of CE Hunedoara in case of non-recovery of the rescue aid within six-months from its approval or disbursement is also contemplated in the R&R aid Guidelines, in the rescue aid decision (recitals 20, 21 and 52, point (d).
Pelastamistukea koskeva päätös, annettu 21 päivänä huhtikuuta 2015, johdanto-osan 14, 16 ja 17 kappale.
The Commission takes note of the recent discussions with Romania in which it was established that the winding up of CE Hunedoara may lead to its assets being liquidated and sold in order to meet liabilities, including those arising from the implementation of recovery imposed on Romania as a result of this Decision.
33812 (2012/NN) – Romania – Sääntöjenvastainen valtiontuki pakollisiin ympäristöhankkeisiin.
In any case, the Romanian authorities confirmed the existence of legal provisions in the national legislation that would ensure the continuity of operation and mentioned in this respect Law No 123 of 10 July 2012 of electric energy and natural gas, notably the provisions concerning energy security and safety.
Hallituksen poikkeustilanneasetus nro 26/2018 ja hallituksen päätös nro 760/2017.
In the context of a liquidation and considering its legal obligation to ensure continuity of supply, Romania may plan to adopt measures aiming to avoid abrupt disruptions of the supply of electricity and heat for the region in which CE Hunedoara operates and supplies services.
Komission täytäntöönpanopäätös (EU) 2017/1442, annettu 31 päivänä heinäkuuta 2017, Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2010/75/EU mukaisten parhaita käytettävissä olevia tekniikoita (BAT) koskevien päätelmien vahvistamisesta suuria polttolaitoksia varten (EUVL L 212, 17.8.2017, s. 1).
However, such measures have to be proportionate, reasonable, and limited in time and scope to what is indispensable to maintain the value of the power generation assets.
Ks. asia C-482/99, Ranska v. komissio (Stardust Marine), ECLI:EU:C:2002:294.
In enforcement of the present Decision, the Commission must be informed in advance and be in a position to verify that these conditions are met.
Asia C-248/84, Saksa v. komissio, ECLI:EU:C:1987:437, 17 kohta.
Consequently, this decision is generally without prejudice to such appropriate measures and to the process concerning the transfer of power generation assets.
Unionin tuomioistuimen tuomio 19.3.2013, Bouygues ja Bouygues Télécom v. komissio ja muut, yhdistetyt asiat C-399/10 P ja C-401/10 P, ECLI:EU:C:2013:175, 137, 138 ja 139 kohta.
Furthermore, as evoked during the videoconference held on 31 July 2018 (see recital 3 above), Romania expressed its intention to take an appropriate measure to proceed with the process regarding the transfer of power generation assets from CE Hunedoara to a New Company (NewCo) still to be incorporated.
Asia C-300/16 P, komissio v. Frucona Košice, ECLI:EU:C:2017:706, 28 kohta.
This is planned to take the form of a Government Emergency Ordinance by way of which a three-stage transfer in lieu of payment (in Romanian ‘dare în plată’) would occur with regard to the power generation assets only, i.e. without the mines.
Pelastamistukea koskeva päätös, annettu 21 päivänä huhtikuuta 2015, johdanto-osan 30 ja 31 kappale.
As per the minutes agreed with Romania, this process should involve:
Asia T-423/14, Larko Geniki Metalleftiki kai Metallourgiki AE v. komissio, ECLI:EU:T:2018:57, 193 kohta oikeuskäytäntöviittauksineen.
First, the preparation of a mandatory evaluation report to determine the value of the power generation assets (currently pledged by the Ministry of Finance) and the amount of the debt owed by CE Hunedoara;
Ks. erityisesti asia 730/79, Philip Morris v. komissio, ECLI:EU:C:1980:209, 11 kohta; asia C-53/00, Ferring, ECLI:EU:C:2001:627, 21 kohta; asia C-372/97, Italia v. komissio, ECLI:EU:C:2004:234, 44 kohta.
Second, these pledged assets would be transferred to the Ministry of Finance and then further on to the Ministry of Energy;
Asia T-214/95, Het Vlaamse Gewest v. komissio, ECLI:EU:T:1998:77.
Third, these pledged assets would be transferred to a new company, and the latter would then be entrusted with the provision of a Service of General Economic Interest.
Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivi 2009/72/EY, annettu 13 päivänä heinäkuuta 2009, sähkön sisämarkkinoita koskevista yhteisistä säännöistä ja direktiivin 2003/54/EY kumoamisesta (EUVL L 211, 14.8.2009, s. 55).
This decision is without prejudice to such asset transfer via the planned Government Emergency Ordinance, provided that the above envisaged transfer is conducted by the Romanian authorities in line with the legal requirements, including, in particular, a proper valuation of these assets.
Ks. asia C-364/90, Italia v. komissio, ECLI:EU:C:1993:157, 20 kohta.
CONCLUSION
Tuomio 24.7.2003, Altmark Trans ja Regierungspräsidium Magdeburg, asia C-280/00, ECLI:EU:C:2003:415.
The Commission accordingly concludes that Romania has granted to CE Hunedoara unlawful State aid which is incompatible with the internal market and which should be recovered.
Komission päätös 2012/21/EU, annettu 20 päivänä joulukuuta 2011, Euroopan unionin toiminnasta tehdyn sopimuksen 106 artiklan 2 kohdan määräysten soveltamisesta tietyille yleisiin taloudellisiin tarkoituksiin liittyviä palveluja tuottaville yrityksille korvauksena julkisista palveluista myönnettävään valtiontukeen (EUVL L 7, 11.1.2012, s. 3).
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Komission tiedonanto – julkisesta palvelusta maksettavana korvauksena myönnettävää valtiontukea koskevat Euroopan unionin puitteet (2011) (EUVL C 8, 11.1.2012, s. 15).
Article 1
Asiat T-244/93 ja T-486/93, TWD Deggendorf v. komissio, ECLI:EU:T:1995:160, 56 kohta.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loan (IBRD loan) guaranteed by the Romanian State and for which CE Hunedoara became the successor beneficiary was not unlawfully granted to CE Hunedoara, in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Ks. asia C-70/72, komissio v. Saksa, ECLI:EU:C:1973:87, 13 kohta.
Article 2
Ks. yhdistetyt asiat C-278/92, C-279/92 ja C-280/92, Espanja v. komissio ECLI:EU:C:1994:325, 75 kohta.
The following loans in favour of CE Hunedoara and in the amounts set out in points (a) to (d), constitute State aid which was unlawfully granted (or not reimbursed as regards point (d)) by Romania, in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and are incompatible with the internal market:
Ks. asia C-75/97, Belgia v. komissio ECLI:EU:C:1999:311, 64 ja 65 kohta.
Romanian Commercial Bank loan contracted by the Ministry of Finance and further made available to CE Hunedoara by way of subsidiary loan agreement (BCR loan) — RON 83485450.
Neuvoston asetus (EU) 2015/1589, annettu 13 päivänä heinäkuuta 2015, Euroopan unionin toiminnasta tehdyn sopimuksen 108 artiklan soveltamista koskevista yksityiskohtaisista säännöistä (EUVL L 248, 24.9.2015, s. 9).
Romanian Development Bank loan contracted by the Ministry of Finance and further made available to CE Hunedoara by way of subsidiary loan agreement (BRD loan) — RON 68371170.
Yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio 29.4.2004, Saksa v. komissio, C-277/00, ECLI:EU:C:2004:238, 85 kohta; yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio 15.1.1986, komissio v. Belgia, C-52/84, ECLI:EU:C:1986:3, 14 kohta; yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio 21.3.1990, Belgia v. komissio, C-142/87, ECLI:EU:C:1990:125, 60–62 kohta.
loan provided for the payment of the incompatible aid requested to be recovered by the Decision regarding the incompatible aid (the loan to repay the incompatible aid) — RON 34785015.
Yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio 11.12.2012, komissio v. Espanja, C-610/10, ECLI:EU:C:2012:781, 104 kohta.
loan representing aid granted in accordance with the rescue aid decision and interest (the rescue aid loan) — as effectively disbursed for the amount of RON 98476900 and not reimbursed after six months of disbursement.
Komission asetus (EY) N:o 794/2004, annettu 21 päivänä huhtikuuta 2004, Euroopan unionin toiminnasta tehdyn sopimuksen 108 artiklan soveltamista koskevista yksityiskohtaisista säännöistä annetun neuvoston asetuksen (EU) 2015/1589 täytäntöönpanosta (EUVL L 140, 30.4.2004, s. 1).
Article 3
Tammikuun 8 päivänä 2016 Romania ilmoitti ennakolta aikeestaan myöntää CE Hunedoaralle rakenneuudistustukea uuden rakenneuudistussuunnitelman perusteella, jota oli muutettu ensimmäiseen suunnitelmaan nähden, jäljempänä ’muutettu rakenneuudistussuunnitelma’, ja toimitti muita lisätietoja, joita täydennettiin vielä 11 päivänä tammikuuta 2016.
Romania shall recover the incompatible aid, referred to in Article 2 from the beneficiary.
Romanian viranomaisten kanssa pidettiin 12 päivänä tammikuuta 2016 kokous, jossa käsiteltiin toimitettuja tietoja.
The actual sums to be recovered shall equal the amounts effectively disbursed to the beneficiary and not reimbursed by the latter to the Romanian State; these sums shall also bear interest from the date on which they were put at the disposal of the beneficiary until their actual recovery.
Näiden näkökohtien sekä CE Hunedoaran mahdollista seuraajaa (mahdollisia seuraajia), joka toimisi (jotka toimisivat) osittain myös CE Hunedoaran varoilla, koskevien uusien suunnitelmien perusteella ja komission pyynnöstä Romanian viranomaiset toimittivat tietoja 12 päivänä toukokuuta 2016, videoneuvottelussa 18 päivänä toukokuuta 2016 sekä 9, 25 ja 29 päivänä elokuuta 2016, kokouksessa 12 päivänä lokakuuta 2016 sekä 9 päivänä marraskuuta 2016, 17 päivänä toukokuuta 2017 ja 1 päivänä syyskuuta 2017.
The interest shall be calculated on a compound basis in accordance with Chapter V of Commission Regulation (EC) No 794/2004.
Toukokuun 17 päivänä 2017 toimitettuihin tietoihin sisältyi CE Hunedoaran mahdollista likvidaatiota koskeva aikajana.
Romania shall cancel all outstanding payments of the aid referred to in Article 2 with effect from the date of adoption of this decision.
CE Hunedoaran ilmoittamat keskimääräiset tuotantokustannukset vuonna 2013 olivat 274,27 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 59 euroa / MWh).
Article 4
Vuonna 2014 ne olivat 310,19 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 67 euroa / MWh) ja vuonna 2015 ne olivat 358,90 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 77 euroa / MWh).
Recovery of the aid referred to in Article 2 shall be immediate and effective, without prejudice of appropriate measures which Romania may adopt with a view to preserving the continued operation of electricity generation assets which are necessary to supply electricity and heating, provided such measures are proportionate, reasonable, and limited in time and scope to what is indispensable to maintain the value of the assets.
Kivihiilen (polttoaineen) louhinnan keskimääräiset kustannukset CE Hunedoarassa olivat noin 126 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 27 euroa / MWh) verrattuna kivihiilen markkinahintaan, joka oli noin 40 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 9 euroa / MWh).
Romania shall ensure that this Decision is implemented within four months following the date of notification of this Decision.
Sähkön painotettu keskimääräinen vuotuinen hinta OPCOMin vuorokausimarkkinoilla vuonna 2013 oli kuitenkin 165,06 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 35 euroa / MWh).
Article 5
Vuonna 2014 se oli 158,93 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 34 euroa / MWh) ja vuonna 2015 se oli 166,35 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 36 euroa / MWh).
Within two months following notification of this Decision, Romania shall submit the following information to the Commission:
Myös OPCOMin kahdenvälisillä keskitetyillä markkinoilla sähkön keskimääräinen vuotuinen hinta vaihteli välillä 182,94 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 39 euroa / MWh) ja 162,41 Romanian leuta / MWh (noin 35 euroa / MWh) vuosina 2013–2015.
the total amount (principal and recovery interests) to be recovered from the beneficiary;
Toisin sanoen vuosina 2013–2015, kun nyt käsiteltävänä olevat lainat myönnettiin, CE Hunedoaran keskimääräiset tuotantokustannukset olivat 66–116 prosenttia suuremmat kuin hinnat, joilla sähköä myytiin vuorokausimarkkinoilla, ja 50–121 prosenttia suuremmat kuin hinnat Romanian sähköpörssin kahdenvälisillä keskitetyillä markkinoilla.
a detailed description of the measures already taken and planned to comply with this Decision;
Siihen CE Hunedoara ei selvästikään kyennyt perustamisestaan lähtien kuin satunnaisesti, mikä näkyy siinä, ettei CE Hunedoara pystynyt osoittamaan liiketoimintansa tuloista riittävää määrää hiilidioksidipäästöjä koskevien, vuosina 2014 ja 2015 tarvittavien sertifikaattien ostamiseen.
a detailed description of the measures already taken and planned to preserve the continued operation of electricity generation assets;
Kivihiilellä toimivat voimalaitokset toimivat yleensä peruskuormavoimalaitoksina, ja niiden kuormitusaste on vähintään 70 prosenttia.
documents demonstrating that the beneficiary has been ordered to repay the aid.
Taulukon 1 sähköntuotantotiedoista kuitenkin nähdään, että CE Hunedoaran kuormitusaste oli 30,8 prosenttia vuosina 2013 ja 2014, ja vuonna 2015 se putosi alle 20 prosenttiin.
Romania shall keep the Commission informed of the progress of the national measures taken to implement this Decision until recovery of the aid referred to in Article 2 has been completed.
Tämä voi selittyä sillä, että tuotantolaitokset (kivihiilikaivokset ja kaksi sähköntuotantolaitosta, jotka yhdistyivät CE Hunedoaraksi marraskuussa 2012), olivat samat kuin ne, joiden avulla konkurssin tehneet edeltäjäyhtiöt harjoittivat toimintaansa aikaisemmin; minkäänlaisia merkittäviä tuotannollisia tai teknologisia parannuksia, joilla olisi tähdätty tuotantokustannusten pienentämiseen, ei ollut tehty.