natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The imposition of measures allowed the remaining Union producers to recover, consolidate and stabilise cell production.
Asetus kumottiin asetuksella (EU) 2016/1037.
In particular, the production assets and employees of one of the largest Union cell manufacturers Bosch Solar Energy remained operational as they were taken over by Solar World in 2014.
EUVL C 405, 5.12.2015, s. 20.
If the measures on cells were terminated, Chinese cells exports at subsidised prices would recur in large volumes, causing material injury to the Union industry with very negative consequences to the Union cell industry.
EUVL C 405, 5.12.2015, s. 8.
Large capital investments in sophisticated cell manufacturing equipment would become redundant.
Ilmoitus Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien tai sieltä lähetettyjen kiteisestä piistä valmistettujen aurinkosähkömoduulien ja niiden keskeisten komponenttien (kennot) tuontiin sovellettavien polkumyynti- ja tasoitustoimenpiteiden osittaisen välivaiheen tarkastelun vireillepanosta (EUVL C 405, 5.12.2015, s. 33).
Up to 1700 highly skilled workers could lose their job.
Ks. alaviite 13.
The Commission was also notified of the intention of a few Union companies to restore around 300 MW of capacity if the measures are maintained.
Paneelin raportit: China – GOES (7.289 kohta); Guatemala – Cement II (8.252 kohta); US – Steel plate (alaviite 67); EC – Salmon (7.360 kohta); US – Countervailing and Anti-dumping Measures (16.9 kohta) / Valituselimen raportit: US – Shrimp (158 kohta); US – Hot rolled steel (99 kohta).
The decline of the Union cell manufacturing industry would also have a negative impact on the Union R&D activities.
Yleisessä tuomioistuimessa käynnissä olevassa kolmessa asiassa ei kiistetty tuettuun tuontiin liittyviä päätelmiä vaan ne liittyivät muihin näkökohtiin.
The cell is the core component of a module and much of the R&D in the solar value chain focuses on cells.
viisivuotissuunnitelman luku 10, jakso 1: Uutta energiaa koskevalla tuotannonalalla keskitytään aurinkoenergian hyödyntämiseen sekä auringon valosta ja lämmöstä saatavan sähkön tuottamiseen.
If the measures on cells were removed the European R&D investment would slow down and the know-how accumulated so far would become redundant or would need to be transferred to third countries.
Aurinkosähköalan 12. viisivuotissuunnitelman jakso III.ii.1.
Therefore, there is a risk that excluding cells would cement the dependency of the Union module manufacturers on imported cells.
Aurinkosähköalan 12. viisivuotissuunnitelman jakso III.iii.1.
Terminating the measures on cells might also undermine the measures on modules.
Aurinkosähköalan 12. viisivuotissuunnitelman jakso III.ii.3.
It would enable the Chinese producers to export cells at unfair prices and assemble them into modules either via their subsidiaries or via contract manufacturers located in the Union.
Aurinkosähköalan 12. viisivuotissuunnitelman jakso VI.i.
Module assembly lines can be set up relatively quickly, which is evidenced by a fast build-up of module production capacities in South East Asia (see recital 734.
viisivuotissuunnitelma, luku 23, laatikko 8 ”Strategiset toimet uusien tuotannonalojen kehittämiseksi”: ”Toteutamme teollistumisen ja luomme tärkeitä teknologisia läpimurtoja uuden sukupolven aurinkosähkökennojen kautta”; luku 30, jakso 1, ”Energiarakenteen optimoinnin ja päivittämisen edistäminen”: ”Edistämme aurinkosähkön tuottamisen kehittämistä Parannamme aurinkosähkölle annettavaa poliittista tukea”.
EU Pro Sun submitted that such a scenario had taken place in the USA between 2012 and 2014 when the measures on modules failed to be effective.
Ks. alkuperäisen asetuksen johdanto-osan 170 kappale.
The situation changed only when the initial product definition was extended to cells.
China Monetary Policy Report, Quarter Three 2014.
Therefore, the continuation of measures on cells is clearly in the interest of the Union cell manufacturers and may also confer some benefits on the Union module manufacturers.
China Monetary Policy Report, Quarter One, Two and Three 2015.
Following disclosure Jabil contested the Commission's finding that the termination of measures on cells would enable the Chinese producers to export cells at unfair prices and assemble them into modules either via their subsidiaries or via contract manufacturers located in the Union.
China Monetary Policy Report, Quarter One and Two 2015.
In response to Jabil's claim, the Commission recalled that if found the likelihood of the continuation of dumping and injury if the measures would be repealed.
China Monetary Policy Report, Quarter Three 2015.
The Commission also explained that contract manufacturers, such as Jabil, have a significantly different business model and cost structure than the rest of the Union industry.
Asia 234/84, Belgia v. komissio, Kok. 1986, s. 2263, 14 kohta; Asia 40/85, Belgia v. komissio, Kok. 1986, s. 2321, 13 kohta; yhdistetyt asiat C-278/92–C-280/92, Espanja v. komissio, Kok. 1994, s. I–4103, 22 kohta; ja asia C-334/99, Saksa v. komissio, Kok. 2003, s. I-1139, 134 kohta.
In particular cost manufactures operate with much smaller overhead resources as they do not take the same responsibility for the sales, marketing and R&D of their products as set out in recitals 513 and 563.
Ks. alkuperäisen asetuksen johdanto-osan 181–185 kappale.
Therefore, if the Commission would repeal the measures on cells in the interest of the Union module makers, nothing could stop a Union-based contract manufacturer from assembling modules from dumped Chinese cells.
Ks. alkuperäisen asetuksen johdanto-osan 180 kappale.
In fact, a contract manufacturer is not even obliged to know what the real price of a cell is, as its usual business model consists of charging a tolling fee to another company that provides inputs and takes full responsibility of the sales of the outputs.
Ks. alkuperäisen asetuksen johdanto-osan 192 kappale.
Therefore, the Commission continued to consider that the termination of the measures on cells could lead to unfair prices on modules, which could be assembled in the Union from dumped Chinese cells either by related companies or contract manufactures.
Lähde: JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd Annual report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the securities exchange act of 1934, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, s. 10 ja 38.
Following disclosure SPE claimed that there is no causal link between imports of cells from the PRC and the sales of Union-made cells; in their view the Union industry faced competition from third countries.
AB Report, US–Aircraft (Second Complaint), 753 kohta.
The same party claimed that the measures did not protect the investments in the cell industry and that the cell workforce is not threatened by redundancy if the measures lapse.
Panel Report, US–Aircraft, 7.1235 kohta.
That party also claimed that the cell captive market was not affected by the imports of the Chinese cells.
Lähde: Bloomberg professional services.
The Commission made an additional analysis of the impact of the sales of cells from third countries as set out in recital 579 and reiterated that third countries sales did not cause injury.
Sama kuin alaviite 41.
It also analysed further the impact of the measures on investment in Union cell industry as set out in recital 571 and reiterated that the measures have a positive impact on investment.
Paneelin raportti, European Communities and Certain Member States – Measures Affecting Trade in Large Civil Aircraft, WT/DS316/R (30.06.2010), 7.735–7.738 kohta.
Moreover, it found an impact of Chinese imports on the Union cell captive market as set out in recital 508.
Ks. täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 1239/2013, johdanto-osan 253 kappale.
Given the low profitability of the Union cell industry today, the Commission continued to consider that the Union cell workforce faces the threat of losing their jobs if the measures were allowed to lapse.
Ks. alkuperäisen asetuksen johdanto-osan 225–235 kappale.
Interest of unrelated cell importers
Ks. alkuperäisen asetuksen johdanto-osan 245–247 kappale.
No unrelated cell importers active in the RIP came forward.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 471/2014, annettu 13 päivänä toukokuuta 2014, lopullisten tasoitustullien käyttöönotosta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevan aurinkopaneeleissa käytettävän lasin tuonnissa (EUVL L 142, 14.5.2014, s. 23).
Cells are imported either by Union module manufactures or related importers of the Chinese producers.
Canada CVD Modules and Laminates originating in the PRC, päätös kesäkuussa 2015.
Interest of the downstream industry — module producers
Ks. esimerkiksi komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2016/113, annettu 28 päivänä tammikuuta 2016, väliaikaisen polkumyyntitullin käyttöön ottamisesta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevan väsymiskestävyydeltään hyvän betoniteräksen tuonnissa (EUVL L 23, 29.1.2016, s. 16); johdanto-osan 52–56 kappale.
Seven European module manufactures came forward calling for the exclusion of cells from the measure.
Ks. esimerkiksi täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2016/113, johon viitataan edellisessä alaviitteessä.
Some of these companies are supporters of EU Pro Sun position on the continuation of measures on modules.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 1357/2013, annettu 17 päivänä joulukuuta 2013, tietyistä yhteisön tullikoodeksista annetun neuvoston asetuksen (ETY) N:o 2913/92 soveltamista koskevista säännöksistä annetun asetuksen (ETY) N:o 2454/93 muuttamisesta (EUVL L 341,18.12.2013, s. 47).
Some upstream and downstream companies provided submissions opposing the measures specifically on cells; however most upstream and downstream companies focused on the reasons for and effects of the termination of the measures on modules.
Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Global PV Demand, 18.2.2016, Global Market Outlook Solar Power Europe, heinäkuu 2016; IHS, The Price of Solar, Benchmarking PV Module Manufacturing Cost, kesäkuu 2016; PV Status Report 2016, October 2016, a Joint Research Centre Study; löytyy seuraavasta osoitteesta: https://setis.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/reports/Perspectives%20on%20future%20large-scale%20manufacturing%20of%20PV%20in%20Europe.pdf; tietoihin tutustuttu 12.12.2016.
The parties calling to terminate the measures on cells drew attention to the fact that almost all the cells manufactured in the Union are used in-house by vertically integrated companies.
Komission asetus (EU) N:o 182/2013, annettu 1 päivänä maaliskuuta 2013, Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien tai sieltä lähetettyjen kiteisestä piistä valmistettujen aurinkosähkömoduulien ja niiden keskeisten komponenttien (kennot ja kiekot) tuonnin kirjaamisvelvoitteesta (EUVL L 61, 5.3.2013, s. 2).
For this reason, the non-vertically integrated module manufacturers, which make up more than 65 % of the Union module output, are dependent on cell imports.
Comext on Eurostatin hallinnoima ulkomaankauppatilastojen tietokanta.
These parties claimed that almost all imports of cells into the Union are subject either to measures or enhanced customs checks stemming from the anti-circumvention measures on Malaysian and Taiwanese cells.
Kaikki taulukot 1–11 sisältävät pyöristettyjä lukuja.
This causes additional administrative and financial burden on non-vertically integrated module manufacturers.
Indeksit ja prosenttiosuudet perustuvat tosiasiallisiin lukuihin ja voivat olla erilaisia, jos ne ilmaistaan pyöristettyjen lukujen perusteella.
The parties opposing the measures on cells also submitted that the measures on cells were ineffective as they failed to bring new capacities in the Union.
Viimeksi mainittu ei perustunut tukimarginaaliin.
The measures, in their view, also increase the price of the final product, i.e. modules, with the negative impact on demand, customers and broader Union environmental policy objectives.
Tosiasialliset voittoluvut oli esitettävä vaihteluväleinä, jotteivät muut otokseen valitut yritykset olisi voineet päätellä Jabilin saamaa voittoa.
Lack of supply of cells in the Union
Ks. SolarWorld-ryhmän vuosikertomus vuodelta 2015: http://www.solarworld.de/fileadmin/sites/sw/ir/pdf/finanzberichte/annual_report_2015_web.pdf, s. 58.
The parties calling to terminate the measures on cells claimed that there is no availability of cells manufactured in the Union on the Union market.
Consolidated Quarterly Announcement Q3 2016, SolarWorld http://www.solarworld.de/fileadmin/sites/sw/ir/pdf/finanzberichte/2016/solarworld-q3-2016-web-en.pdf, s. 8–9.
On the basis of its investigation, the Commission agreed that the cells sold by the Union industry on the Union market satisfy less than 5 % of the demand of the non-vertically integrated Union module manufactures.
BNEF, Q4 2016 PV Market Outlook, 30.11.2016.
The parties further claimed that even if more Union cells were sold on the open market, the Union capacity and production of cells would by far be insufficient to satisfy the total Union demand for cells and even less adequate to satisfy the total demand for modules.
IHS, The Price of Solar, Benchmarking PV Module Manufacturing Cost, kesäkuu 2016, s. 23.
The Commission found that cell production in the Union was 1270 MW in the RIP, which means that it could cover 37 % of the total Union demand for cells, which was estimated at 3409 MW.
Ero vaikuttaa johtuvan siitä, että IHS raportoi kaikki moduulit, jotka ovat olleet varastossa, on lähetetty tai on asennettu.
The Union cell manufacturing capacity could cover roughly 18 % of the total Union demand for modules — roughly 7200 MW in the RIP.
Global Market Outlook sen sijaan ottaa huomioon vain ne asennetut moduulit, jotka jo tuottavat sähköä.
Several parties submitted that the measures on cells benefit only one company — Solar World — and put most other non-vertically integrated module manufacturers at a competitive disadvantage in relation to that company.
BNEF, Q4 2016 PV Market Outlook, 30.11.2016, ja IHS, PV Demand Tracker Q4 2016, 9.12.2016.
Solar World accounted for more than 70 % of all the cell production in the Union during the RIP.
Bloomberg New Energy Finance, ”Solar manufacturer capacity league table”; tietoihin tutustuttu 28.10.2016.
Solar World does not sell any cells on the open market but the ones which it considers not fulfilling its high standards.
Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2016–2020, Solar Power Europe, heinäkuu 2016.
These parties submitted that the only way for them to purchase cells are the imports from third countries.
Bloomberg New Energy Finance, ”Solar manufacturer capacity league table”; tietoihin tutustuttu 28.10.2016.
If the measures on cells are not terminated, they would remain at a competitive disadvantage in relation to the dominant manufacturer of cells in the Union.
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power, 2016–2020, Solar Power Europe, heinäkuu 2016, s. 30.
As noted above, the Commission found that the Union production of cells accounted for 35 % of the demand of cells in the Union and this ratio increased from 23 % in 2012.
Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2016–2020, heinäkuu 2016.
This means that a substantial proportion of the Union demand can be covered by Union manufactured cells irrespective if these are captive sales or not.
Q3 2016 PV Market Outlook, Solar power – not everyone needs it right now, 1. syyskuuta 2016, s. 17.
The Commission also recalled that the average cost of cells manufacturing in the Union was above an average Chinese and Taiwanese contract selling price (as reported by PV Insights).
Q4 2016 PV Market Outlook, Solar power, 30.11.2016, s. 19.
This means that non-vertically integrated Union module producers could buy the cells from outside of the Union at similar prices or even lower prices.
Komission asetus (EU) N:o 513/2013 (EUVL L 152, 5.6.2013, s. 5), johdanto-osan 180 kappale, ja neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 1238/2013 (EUVL L 325, 5.12.2013, s. 1), johdanto-osan 245–247 kappale.
This conclusion holds even taking into account the fact that the cells produced in the Union by vertically integrated producers are of high efficiency and high quality and hence are more expensive.
Ks. asetuksen (EU) N:o 513/2013 taulukot 4 a ja 10 a.
Therefore, the measures do not confer a competitive advantage to vertically integrated cell and module manufacturers over the non-vertically integrated ones.
Hyvin samanlaiseen hintaan päädyttiin myös otokseen valittujen vientiä harjoittavien tuottajien EU:hun suuntautuvan viennin painotetun keskimääräisen hinnan perusteella.
The Commission further observed that the only period when the non-vertically integrated Union module manufacturers had difficulties in sourcing cells, coincided with an exceptional spike in demand at the end of 2015 and at the beginning of 2016 in the PRC.
Järjestelmäintegraattorit ovat yrityksiä, jotka tuovat yhteen aurinkosähköjärjestelmien eri komponentit (esim. moduulit, invertterit, asennus, varastointi) ja myyvät ne sarjana loppukäyttäjille.
During that period the Chinese solar demand peaked at 22 GW [131].
Kokoaikaisen työntekijän katsotaan työskentelevän vuodessa 1680 tuntia.
The Chinese target of solar installations was underpinned by generous remuneration schemes, which caused a temporary installation boom.
Vuotuinen keskimääräinen kokoaikainen työntekijä/MW riippuu siitä, miten monta hanketta saatetaan päätökseen kunakin vuonna kolmella keskeisellä segmentillä: asuinrakennusten katolle asennetut, kaupallisten rakennusten katolle asennetut ja maahan asennetut voimalat.
Even Chinese significant manufacturing overcapacities of cells became temporarily insufficient to cover this unusual spike in demand.
Komissio arvioi aurinkosähköjärjestelmien osalta yhteensä (mukaan luettuna hankkeen ja paikan kehittäminen, jakelu, logistiikka, varsinainen asennus ja kaikkiin näihin liittyvät yleiskustannukset) 8,6 kokoaikaista työntekijää/MW asuinrakennusten hankkeissa, 3,7 kaupallisten rakennusten hankkeissa ja 4 maahan asennetuissa hankkeissa.
The contract selling prices for cells as reported by PVInsights were above the MIP during that period of cell scarcity i.e. between November 2015 and March 2016.
GWS, DIW, DLR et.al: Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien in Deutschland und verringerte fossile Brennstoffimporte durch erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz, s. 8.
Therefore, even if the measures had not been in place, the Union module manufacturers would have experienced similar cell supply difficulties as there was a one-off shortage of cells in the PRC for that relatively short period of time.
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power, 2016–2020, Solar Power Europe, s. 16.
This period of overheated demand for cells also partially coincided with the Commission's anti-circumvention investigation of Chinese cells and modules via Malaysia and Taiwan.
Täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 1238/2013, johdanto-osan 394 kappale.
The registration of cells and modules, effective from the date of the initiation of the anti-circumvention case i.e. May 2015, caused some additional supply difficulties to the Union module manufactures.
Marktanalyse Photovoltaik-Dachanlagen, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, 2014, s. 7.
The module manufacturers experienced a period of uncertainty as they had not known if their Taiwanese and Malaysian suppliers were genuine producers and would get an exemption from the duties.
Tämä 21 prosentin oppimiskäyrä vuodelle 2015 on vahvistettu maaliskuun 2016 julkaisussa International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV): Results 2015.
Eventually, in February 2016, more than 20 Malaysian and Taiwanese cell manufacturers who cooperated in that investigation were found to be genuine producers.
Komission kertomus Euroopan parlamentille, neuvostolle, Euroopan talous- ja sosiaalikomitealle ja alueiden komitealle: Uusiutuvan energian tilannekatsaus (COM(2015) 293 final, s. 11).
The temporary supply uncertainty came to an end removing the supply uncertainty.
Ks. Tšekkiä koskeva komission päätös SA.40171, 28.11.2016.
The Commission also found that the claim that the measures on cells protect only one company — Solar World — is unfounded.
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power, 2016–2020, Solar Power Europe, s. 5 ja 28.
As set out in recital 751, five more cell manufactures expressly support the continuation of the measures on cells.
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power, 2015–2019, Solar Power Europe, s. 18.
The Commission is aware of more than 10 cells manufacturers in the Union.
Komission tiedonanto: Suuntaviivat valtiontuesta ympäristönsuojelulle ja energia-alalle vuosina 2014–2020 (EUVL C 200, 28.6.2014, s. 1); 3.3.2.1 ja 3.3.2.4 jakso.
The key reason why a single producer currently accounts for more than 70 % of all the cells produced in the Union is that many other cell manufactures exited the market as they could not withstand unfair competition from Chinese subsidised products.
Jäsenvaltiot voivat valita alemman raja-arvon tai ei mitään raja-arvoa.
While most of these manufactures went out of the market, Solar World took over one of the largest Union cell manufacturers in 2014.
Komission tiedonanto: Suuntaviivat valtiontuesta ympäristönsuojelulle ja energia-alalle vuosina 2014–2020 (EUVL C 200, 28.6.2014, s. 1), johdanto-osan 250 kappale.
This manufacturer was exiting the market and if the takeover had not happened more than 500 highly skilled workers would have lost their jobs.
Näitä sääntöjä ei myöskään sovelleta tukijärjestelmiin, joissa ei ole kyse valtiontuesta.
Solar World claimed that without the measures in place not only it would have been unable to take over the other company and save its employment, but its own cell manufacturing facilities would have been bankrupt by now.
Komission tiedossa ei kuitenkaan ole, että missään jäsenvaltiossa olisi suunniteltu tukijärjestelmä niin, että siinä ei olisi kyse valtiontuesta.
Therefore, the non-vertically integrated Union module assemblers face neither supply shortages nor a competitive disadvantage with regard to the vertically integrated ones.
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power 2016–2020 Solar Power Europe, s. 8 ja 37.
Consequently, the Union consumers of modules are not negatively affected by the fact that the Union production of cells can cover only a relatively small proportion of the modules consumption.
Tämä tulos on vahvistettu myös Alankomaissa SDE+-ohjelmassa, jossa vuosina 2013–2015 noin 55 prosentille kaikista aurinkoenergiaa koskevista tarjouksista myönnettiin tukea.
Administrative burden caused by the measures
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power, 2015–2019, Solar Power Europe, s. 22.
The parties calling to terminate the measures on cells claimed that they impose significant additional business risk, working capital and administrative burden on non-vertically integrated module manufacturers.
Global Market Outlook For Solar Power, 2015–2019, Solar Power Europe, s. 23.
This would stem from adhering to the complex procedures of the undertaking.
LCOE on keskeinen tunnusluku energiaa tuottavan tahon tuottaman sähkön kustannuksille.
Some module manufactures submitted that the situation exacerbated after the anti-circumvention investigation started against Taiwan and Malaysia.
Se lasketaan ottamalla huomioon kaikki järjestelmän koko käyttöiän odotetut kustannukset (mukaan luettuna rakentaminen, rahoitus, polttoaine, ylläpito, verot, vakuutukset ja kannustimet), jotka sitten jaetaan järjestelmän koko käyttöiän odotetulla energiantuotannolla (kWh).
The non-vertically integrated manufacturers are subject to strict checks of documents while the goods are customs cleared even if they import from companies that got the exemption.
Kaikkia kustannus-/hyötyarvioita oikaistaan inflaation ja alennetaan rahan aika-arvon huomioon ottamiseksi.
They complained that, in some instances, simple procedural deficiencies in the documentation, such as a lack of a stamp or signature at the right place, caused several weeks of delay.
H2 2016 EMEA LCOE Outlook, lokakuu 2016, s. 2.
The Chinese cells that are imported under the undertaking are subject to similar rigid customs checks and burdensome administrative procedures.
Muunnettu Yhdysvaltojen dollarista kurssilla 0,94462.