natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Although it is true that there is an overlap of six months concerning the investigation period between the two investigations (the period from 1 July 2015 to 31 December 2015), the determination of dumping and injury was made on the basis of an investigation period and a period considered which were different in the current investigation and the five countries investigation and which were already defined in line with the relevant provisions of the basic Regulation and announced in the Notice of Initiation.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2017/649, annettu 5 päivänä huhtikuuta 2017, lopullisen polkumyyntitullin käyttöön ottamisesta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien tiettyjen raudasta, seostamattomasta teräksestä tai muusta seosteräksestä valmistettujen kuumavalssattujen levyvalmisteiden tuonnissa (EUVL L 92, 6.4.2017, s. 68).
In addition, the assertion that an investigation based on injury excludes an investigation based on the threat of injury which refers to an investigation period at least partially preceding the one based on material injury is legally and economically not tenable.
Kylmävalssauksessa levy tai liuska – joka on ensin kuumavalssattu ja peitattu – kulkee kylmien valssien välistä eli lämpötila on alle metallin pehmenemislämpötilan.
First, for the five countries case, the Commission had received sufficient evidence for initiating a procedure based on the allegation of actual injury, in particular due to the very low pricing, during the investigation period.
Teräsalan 13. viisivuotissuunnitelman johdanto.
The present case concerns, on the contrary, a threat of injury covering an investigation period partially preceding that other investigation period, which is not only based on the pricing and volume development of Chinese imports, but also on the future expected behaviour of Chinese exporting producers in view in particular of the existing spare capacities.
viisivuotissuunnitelman 17 luvun 1 jakso, korostus lisätty.
The case law requires the Commission to carry out an attribution analysis of the different factors.
Kuten edellä.
In the five countries case, imports from these five countries may have, if the sufficient evidence in the complaint is confirmed in the final determination, caused actual injury to the Union industry in the investigation period of that case.
Päätös nro 40, III luku, 12 §.
Independent of that actual injury, Chinese imports constitute an additional threat of injury to the Union industry.
Ks. neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 215/2013 (EUVL L 73, 15.3.2013, s. 16), 182 kappale (Orgaanisella aineella pinnoitetut teräslevyt).
Hence, given the difference in the two investigations periods and the findings made in recitals (571)-(574) any future definitive determination in the five countries case cannot break the causal link in the case at hand.
NDRC:n tehtäviin kuuluu muun muassa laatia ja panna täytäntöön kansallisen talouden ja yhteiskunnan kehityksen strategioita, vuosisuunnitelmia sekä keskipitkän ja pitkän aikavälin kehityssuunnitelmia.
Export sales performance of the Union industry
Caparusso and others, ’Resolving China's Corporate Debt Problem’, IMF Working Paper, WP/16/203, lokakuu 2016.
The volume of exports of the sampled Union producers developed over the period considered as follows:
WT/DS379/AB/R (US – Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China), Appellate Body Report, 11. maaliskuuta 2011, DS 379, 318 kohta.
Table 23
Katso myös WT/DS436/AB/R (US – Carbon Steel (India)), Appellate Body Report, 8. joulukuuta 2014, 4.9–4.10 ja 4.17–4.20 kohta, ja WT/DS437/AB/R (United States – Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China) Appellate Body Report, 18. joulukuuta 2014, 4.92 kohta.
Export volumes to unrelated customers by the sampled Union producers
Valtio-omisteisten keskeisten rahoituslaitosten hallintoneuvostojen väliaikaisten sääntöjen 2 §, valtioneuvoston asetus nro 293, 15. maaliskuuta 2000.
Export volume to unrelated customers
Kiinan keskuspankin Kiinan RMB:n määräisten lainojen viitekorko rahoituslaitoksille.
Average price (EUR/tonne)
Shougang Jingtangin ja pankkikonsortion välisen kokouksen pöytäkirja, 2013, Shougangia koskevan luottamuksellisen todentamisasiakirjan englanninkielisen version todiste nro 14, ja kiinankielisen version puutteita koskevan vastauksen liite 13.3.
The volume of exports to unrelated customers increased by 3 % during the investigation period.
WT/DS/296 (DS296 United States – Countervailing duty investigation on Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAMS) from Korea), Appellate Body Report, 21. helmikuuta 2005, 116 kohta.
As far as prices are concerned, they dropped significantly by – 24 % over the period considered.
Appellate Body Report, DS 296, 116 kohta.
Export sales accounted for not more than 4 % of the total Union production and for 22 % of total sales to unrelated customers during the investigation period.
Appellate Body Report, DS 296, 115 kohta.
Also, the decrease in export prices followed percentage-wise the same trend as the sales prices of the Union producers on the Union market.
Appellate Body Report, DS 296, 114 kohta, jossa asiasta ollaan samaa mieltä kuin raportissa: Panel Report, DS 194, 8.31 kohta.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that the export sales performance of the Union producers contributed to the weak situation of the industry.
WT/DS194/R, Panel Report, US – Export Restraints, 8.29 kohta.
However, given their relatively small size in the overall turnover of the Union industry, this factor did not break the causal link between the subsidised imports and the threat of material injury to the Union industry either.
Appellate Body Report, DS 296, 110–111 kohta.
Union producers threatened by an increase in energy costs
WT/DS353/AB/R, Appellate Body Report, US – Aircraft (Second Complaint), 753 kohta.
The Government of China alleged that the Union producers were faced with higher energy costs than most of its international competitors and that the Union industry suffered from price increases of 38 % on average.
WT/DS316/R, Panel Report, EC – Aircraft, 7.919 kohta.
Following disclosure, the GOC commented that the comparatively higher energy costs of the Union industry were another more likely cause of any alleged threat of material injury than the HRF imports from China and argued that energy costs are one of the main drivers of competitiveness for the Union steel producers.
IMF Working Paper ”Resolving China's Corporate Debt Problem”, by Wojciech Maliszewski, Serkan Arslanalp, John Caparusso, José Garrido, Si Guo, Joong Shik Kang, W.
Furthermore, the GOC alleged that, even if there had been a decrease in energy costs, such a decrease was slowing down in 2015 and increased again in 2016.
Rafael Lam, T. Daniel Law, Wei Liao, Nadia Rendak, Philippe Wingender, Jiangyan, lokakuu 2016, WP/16/203.
Concerning energy costs, first, they are indeed an important, but not the major cost component for producing the product concerned, which is in fact the raw material cost (see further below under section 6.2.5).
CBRC:n riskiperusteisten lainojen luokituksia koskevat suuntaviivat, X §:n II kohta.
Second, they are an important driver of competitiveness.
Tämä käy ilmi myös Kiinan viranomaisten antamasta BNP Paribasta koskevasta esimerkistä.
This is in line with the statement of the GOC in recital (300) of its submission that energy costs are a key, but not the only driver of profitability.
Ohjeet tuen määrän laskemiseksi tasoitustulleja koskevissa tutkimuksissa (EYVL C 394, 17.12.1998, s. 6).
Indeed, according to a recent study by a consortium of energy specialists, European electricity prices decreased by 12 % during the period 2010-2015.
Panel Report, EC – DRAMS, 7.213 kohta.
As a result, the Union became the region with the fourth lowest electricity price level.
Panel Report, EC – DRAMS, 7.212 kohta.
The Commission was not able to retrieve information that would show a reversal of this situation.
Panel Report, EC – DRAMS, 7.178 kohta.
Third, these arguments on electricity costs cannot be reconciled with the fact that the Union industry was still able to achieve profits of about 0,4 % in 2013 as well as during the period 2007-2011, when this alleged comparative disadvantage in cost terms would also have existed most likely.
WT/DS294/AB/R (US- Zeroing), Appellate Body Report, 18. huhtikuuta 2006, 198 kohta ja WT/DS438/AB/R (Argentina – Import Restrictions), Appellate Body Report, 15. tammikuuta 2015, 5.108 kohta.
Therefore, the Commission concluded that this factor did not break the causal link.
Nie Huiha, Jiang Ting, Fang Mingyue ”China's zombie firms: cause, consequence and cure”, Renmin University, 2016.
Low HRF prices on the Union market due to low raw material prices and/or low HRF prices worldwide
WT/DS/294/AB/R, Appellate Body Report, 18. huhtikuuta 2006, US – Zeroing, 204 kohta.
Following disclosure, the GOC reiterated its position that the decrease of raw material prices did cause the decline in the HRF prices and were thus, other than the HRF imports from China, another cause of the alleged threat of injury to the Union industry.
Neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 215/2013, annettu 11 päivänä maaliskuuta 2013, tasoitustullin käyttöönotosta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien tiettyjen orgaanisella aineella pinnoitettujen terästuotteiden tuonnissa (EUVL L 73, 15.3.2013, s. 16), 182 kappale (Orgaanisella aineella pinnoitetut teräslevyt).
The Commission analysed both the HRF prices and the developments in raw material prices for HRF for the period considered.
Rauta- ja terästeollisuuden kehittämispolitiikkaa koskeva NDRC:n määräys nro 35, 24 §: Jos hankkeessa ei noudateta rauta- ja terästeollisuuden kehittämispolitiikkaa, eikä hanke ole ollut tarkastelu- ja hyväksyntämenettelyssä tai jos tarkastelu ja hyväksyntä ei ole asiaankuuluvien säännösten mukainen, maan ja luonnonvarojen ministeriö ei käsittele maankäyttöön liittyviä muodollisuuksia.
The Commission confirmed during the investigation that the prices for raw materials fell between 2012 and 2015.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2017/366, annettu 1 päivänä maaliskuuta 2017, lopullisen tasoitustullin käyttöön ottamisesta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien tai sieltä lähetettyjen kiteisestä piistä valmistettujen aurinkosähkömoduulien ja niiden keskeisten komponenttien (kennot) tuonnissa Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetuksen (EU) 2016/1037 18 artiklan 2 kohdan mukaisen toimenpiteiden voimassaolon päättymistä koskevan tarkastelun ja 19 artiklan 3 kohdan mukaisen osittaisen välivaiheen tarkastelun jälkeen (EUVL L 56, 3.3.2017, s. 1) (aurinkopaneelit).
For instance, the price for iron ore decreased from about 141 USD/MT to 52 USD/MT, or a decrease of more than 60 %.
Ks. muun muassa neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 452/2011 (EUVL L 128, 14.5.2011, s. 18) (päällystetty hienopaperi), neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 2013/215 (EUVL L 73, 15.3.2013, s. 16) (orgaanisella aineella pinnoitetut teräslevyt), komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2017/366 (EUVL L 56, 3.3.2017, s. 1) (aurinkopaneelit), neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 1379/2014 (EUVL L 367, 23.12.2014, s. 22) (lasikuitufilamentti), komission täytäntöönpanopäätös 2014/918/EU (EUVL L 360, 17.12.2014, s. 65) (polyesterikatkokuidut).
However, when analysing the cost of production of the biggest sampled Union producer, it turns out that the impact of these falling raw materials prices is much lower than the mentioned price evolution.
Unionin yleinen tuomioistuin hyväksyi tämän asiassa T-444/11 Gold East Paper and Gold Huacheng Paper v. neuvosto, unionin yleinen tuomioistuimen tuomio, 11. syyskuuta 2014, ECLI:EU:T:2014:773.
For example, the input from the three above mentioned raw materials accounted for about 60 % of the total cost of production of one big producer in 2012, but was still at 50 % of its total cost of production in 2015.
Neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 451/2011, annettu 6 päivänä toukokuuta 2011, lopullisen polkumyyntitullin käyttöönotosta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevan päällystetyn hienopaperin tuonnissa ja kyseisessä tuonnissa käyttöön otetun väliaikaisen tullin lopullisesta kantamisesta (EUVL L 128, 14.5.2011, s. 1) (päällystetty hienopaperi).
This shows that there is no direct correlation between the fall in raw material prices and a decrease of cost of production for HRF.
Neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 451/2011 (EUVL L 128, 14.5.2011, s. 1) (päällystetty hienopaperi), komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2017/366 (EUVL L 56, 3.3.2017, s. 1) (aurinkopaneelit).
Furthermore, the cost of production within the Union industry decreased altogether by 25 % over the period considered (see recital (448)), which was the result of not only a lower cost for the raw materials but also due to efficiency gains achieved by Union producers.
EYVL C 394, 17.12.1998, s. 6.
In addition, the average import prices decreased by a higher percentage, i.e. by 33 % over the same period (see recital (517)).
Ks. muun muassa neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 451/2011 (EUVL L 128, 14.5.2011, s. 1) (päällystetty hienopaperi), neuvoston täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 215/2013 (EUVL L 73, 11.3.2013, s. 16) (orgaanisella aineella pinnoitetut teräslevyt), komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2017/366 (EUVL L 56, 3.3.2017, s. 1) (aurinkopaneelit), komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) N:o 1379/2014 (EUVL L 367, 23.12.2014, s. 22) (lasikuitufilamentti), komission täytäntöönpanopäätös 2014/918/EU (EUVL L 360, 17.12.2014, s. 65) (polyesterikatkokuidut).
Under fair market conditions, the Union industry could have maintained its sales price levels so as to reap the benefits of a reduction in costs and reach profitability again.
Perustuu tämän tyyppisen avustuksen osalta todettuun korkeimpaan tuen määrään, joka vastaa Shougang-ryhmälle lasketun tuen määrää.
However, Union producers had to follow the trend of prices on the Union market and prices fell down.
WT/DS489/7, 19. huhtikuuta 2016, Memorandum of Understanding Between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America Related to the Dispute China – Measures Related to Demonstration Bases and Common Service Platforms Programs (DS489).
During the investigation period Union producers were even forced to sell at prices below costs, even though they had already managed to reduce significantly their costs of production.
Ks. WT/DS46/R, Brazil – Aircraft, Panel Report.
Conclusion on causation
Ks. myös soveltuvin osin WT/DS294/AB/RW, US – Zeroing (Article 21.5 DSU), Appellate Body Report, 14. toukokuuta 2009, 453 kohta.
A causal link was established between the Chinese subsidised imports and the threat of material injury of the Union industry.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2016/1328, annettu 29 päivänä heinäkuuta 2016, lopullisen polkumyyntitullin käyttöönotosta tiettyjen Kiinan kansantasavallasta ja Venäjän federaatiosta peräisin olevien kylmävalssattujen teräslevytuotteiden tuonnissa ja kyseisessä tuonnissa käyttöön otetun väliaikaisen tullin lopullisesta kantamisesta (EUVL L 210, 4.8.2016, s. 1).
There is a clear coincidence in time between the sharp increase of, in particular, the level of the subsidised imports at continuous decreasing sales prices from the PRC, and the drop of the Union's performance, in particular from the second half of 2015 onwards.
Tuomio, 29. tammikuuta 2014, ECLI:EU:T:2014:35.
The Union industry had no other choice but to follow the price level set by the subsidised imports in order to avoid a further shrinking of its market share.
Unionin tuomioistuin piti tuomion voimassa 7. huhtikuuta 2016 yhdistetyissä asioissa C-186/14 ja C-193/14 P, ArcelorMIttal Tubular Products Ostrava ja muut v. Hubei, ECLI:EU:C:2016:209.
This resulted in a loss-making situation which is likely to further deteriorate.
Neuvoston asetus (EY) N:o 926/2009, annettu 24 päivänä syyskuuta 2009, lopullisen polkumyyntitullin käyttöön ottamisesta tiettyjen Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien raudasta tai teräksestä valmistettujen saumattomien putkien tuonnissa sekä tässä tuonnissa käyttöön otetun väliaikaisen tullin lopullisesta kantamisesta (EUVL L 262, 6.10.2009, s. 19).
The Commission distinguished and separated the effects of all known factors on the situation of the Union industry from the injurious effects of the subsidised imports, causing the threat of material injury for the Union industry as a whole at the end of the investigation period.
Tuomio asiassa T-528/09, Hubei Xinyegang Steel v. neuvosto, ECLI:EU:T:2014:35, 61 kohta, 29. tammikuuta 2014.
On the basis of the above, the Commission concluded that the subsidised imports from the PRC in the investigation period were causing a threat of material injury to the Union industry within the meaning of Article 8(5) and (6) of the basic Regulation.
huhtikuuta 2016 annettu unionin tuomioistuimen tuomio asiassa C-186/14 P, ArcelorMittal Tubular Products Ostrava ja muut v. Hubei, ECLI:EU:C:2016:209, 72 kohta, jolla vahvistetaan 29. tammikuuta 2014 annettu unionin yleisen tuomioistuimen tuomio asiassa T-528/09, Hubei Xinyegang Steel v. neuvosto, ECLI:EU:T:2014:35.
Known other factors other than the subsidised imports from the PRC which at the same time had an impact on the situation of the Union industry were not found to break the causal link.
Kiinan viranomaisten huomautukset, 26 päivänä elokuuta 2016, 336 kohdasta eteenpäin.
UNION INTEREST
EUVL L 210, 4.8.2016, s. 27.
In accordance with Article 31 of the basic Regulation, the Commission examined whether compelling reasons existed for concluding that it was not in the Union interest to adopt measures in this case.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2016/1778, annettu 6 päivänä lokakuuta 2016,väliaikaisen polkumyyntitullin käyttöön ottamisesta Kiinan kansantasavallasta peräisin olevien tiettyjen raudasta, seostamattomasta teräksestä tai muusta seosteräksestä valmistettujen kuumavalssattujen levyvalmisteiden tuonnissa (EUVL L 272, 7.10.2016, s. 33).
The determination of the Union interest was based on an appreciation of all the various interests involved, including those of the Union industry, importers, and users.
Komission tiedonanto Euroopan parlamentille, Eurooppa-neuvostolle, neuvostolle, Euroopan talous- ja sosiaalikomitealle, alueiden komitealle ja Euroopan investointipankille – Euroopan terästeollisuuden kestävän työllisyyden ja kasvun turvaaminen, COM(2016) 155 final, Bryssel, 16.3.2016.
In this determination, the Commission gave special consideration to the need to eliminate the trade distorting effects of injurious subsidisation and to restore effective competition.
Komission täytäntöönpanoasetus (EU) 2016/1329, annettu 29 päivänä heinäkuuta 2016, lopullisen polkumyyntitullin perimisestä tiettyjen Kiinan kansantasavallasta ja Venäjän federaatiosta peräisin olevien kylmävalssattujen teräslevytuotteiden kirjatusta tuonnista (EUVL L 210, 4.8.2016, s. 27).
Interest of the Union industry
World Steel in figures 2015, World Steel Association, s. 14 (http//www.worldsteel.org/publications/bookshop/product-details.~World-Steel-in-Figures-2015~PRODUCT~World-Steel-in-Figures-2015~.html).
The Union industry is located in several Member States (UK, France, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, Poland, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Portugal, Hungary and Spain), and employs directly ca.
Komission tiedonanto Euroopan parlamentille, Eurooppa-neuvostolle, neuvostolle, Euroopan talous- ja sosiaalikomitealle, alueiden komitealle ja Euroopan investointipankille: Euroopan terästeollisuuden kestävän työllisyyden ja kasvun turvaaminen (COM(2016) 155 final, Bryssel, 16.3.2016), s. 2.
18000 employees in relation to hot-rolled flat steel products.
OECD, DSTI/SU/SC(2015)8/Final, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, Capacity developments in the world steel industry, Taulukko 1, s. 10 (http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DSTI/SU/SC(2015)8/FINAL&docLanguage=En).
Seventeen producers cooperated during the investigation.
World Steel Association, World Steel in Figures 2016, table ”major steel-producting countries 2014 and 2015”, s. 9 (http://www.worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2016/World-Steel-in-Figures-2016-is-available-online.html).
None of the known producers opposed the initiation of the investigation.
Kapasiteettitietojen lähde: OECD (OECD, DSTI/SU/SC(2016)6/Final, 5. syyskuuta 2016, Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, Updated steelmaking capacity figures and a proposed framework for enhancing capacity monitoring activity, liite, s. 7 eteenpäin).
As shown above when analysing the injury indicators, the whole Union industry showed some signs of injury during the period considered.
Tuotantotietojen lähde: World Steel Association, Steel Statistical Yearbook 2015 (World Steel Association, Steel Statistical Yearbook 2016 taulukko 1 s. 1 ja 2 ja taulukko 13 s. 35, http://www.worldsteel.org/statistics/statistics-archive/yearbook-archive.html).
In particular, injury indicators related to the financial performance of the sampled Union producers, such as profitability, were seriously affected.
OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (2015): ”Excess capacity in the global steel industry: the current situation and ways forward”, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No.
The sampled Union producers experienced a deterioration of their situation, in particular from the second half of 2015 onwards, and were negatively affected by the subsidised imports, causing the threat of injury which became imminent at the end of the investigation period.
18, OECD Publishing, s. 5 ja 6 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5js65x46nxhj-en).
Nevertheless, as mentioned under recital (542), the Commission also found indications that the Union steel producers started possibly recovering in terms of profitability during the second half of 2016, but, even if this would be true, this would not compensate for the losses incurred during 2015 and the first half of 2016.
Submission by Dentons on behalf of China Iron and Steel Association (CISA) and its members, Comments in the anti-dumping proceeding concerning imports of certain hot-rolled flat products of iron, non-alloy or other alloy steel originating the People's Republic of China, 21.3.2016, kohta 24, s. 7.
Following disclosure of GDD, the GOC alleged that there would be no need to impose definitive measures in the present investigation because it would be by no means clear that it would bring benefits to the Union industry.
Report of the OECD Steel Committee, 13. maaliskuuta 2017, Capacity developments in the world steel industry, 14 kohta.
For instance, it alleged that if definitive measures were to be imposed, imports of HRF from other countries not subject to duties would be likely to replace the Chinese imports.
Reuters, lehtiartikkeli, China's zombie steel mills fire up furnaces, worsen global glut (http://in.reuters.com/article/china-steel-overcapacity-idINKCN0XI070).
The Commission rejected this claim: it is expected that the imposition of definitive countervailing duties will restore fair trade conditions on the Union market, enabling the Union industry to further recover.
Reuters, lehtiartikkeli, BHP says over 50 million tonnes of steel capacity restarted in China (http://www.reuters.com/article/us-bhp-china-idUSKCN0YA09E).
This would result in an improvement of the Union industry's profitability towards levels considered necessary for this capital intensive industry.
World Steel Association, media centre, kesäkuu 2016 crude steel production (https://www.worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2016/June-2016-crude-steel-production0.html).
It is therefore important that prices be restored to a non- subsidised or a non-injurious level in order to allow all various producers to operate on the Union market under fair trade circumstances.
Report of the OECD Steel Committee, 13. maaliskuuta 2017, Capacity developments in the world steel industry.
In the absence of measures, it is likely that the threat of injury will materialise and that there will be a further deterioration of the Union industry's economic situation.
Report of the OECD Steel Committee, 8.–9. syyskuuta 2016, Updated steelmaking capacity figures and a proposed framework for enhancing capacity monitoring activity.