natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The operator of an airport normally has to bear all the costs related to the construction and operation of the airport (with the exception of those costs that fall within the public policy remit and do not generally have to be borne by the airport operator under the applicable legal framework).
Polttoaine
Hence, covering a part of those costs relieves FFHG of a burden it would normally have to bear and therefore provides to FFHG an economic.
Muut kuin ilmailualan tulot (perustuvat vuoteen 2000)
As the measures at stake were granted only to FFHG, those measures have to be qualified as being selective in nature.
Pysäköinti
Distortion of competition
Kokonaistulot lentoa kohden
For the same reasons as outlined in recitals 360 and following, the Commission considers that any selective economic advantage granted to FFHG is liable to distort competition and affect trade between Member States.
Muuttuvat kustannukset lentoa kohden
In the light of the considerations in recital 392 and following, the Commission considers that the public funding granted to FFHG, to the extent that the payments of the Land Rhineland-Palatinate for the security checks exceeded the revenue collected from the airlines, constitutes State aid within the meeting of Article 107(1) of the Treaty.
Palkat
MEASURE 6: DIRECT GRANTS FROM LAND RHINELAND-PALATINATE
Tunti
Applicability of State aid rules to public grants decided before 2000 and notion of an undertaking
Asematasopalvelut
For the reasons outlined in recital 293 and following, as of 12 December 2000 FFHG must be considered to constitute an undertaking for the purposes of Article 107(1) of the Treaty.
Selvityslaitteet [115]
Germany clarified that in 2001 Land Rhineland-Palatinate granted to FFHG EUR […] to support some of its infrastructure investments.
kaikki toiminnan toimituskustannukset
According to Germany, however, those grants were based on a decision taken already in 1999.
yksi follow me -ajoneuvo
For the same reasons as outlined in recital 293 and following, the Commission considers that for grants (like the one described in recital 405) decided prior to the Court judgment in Aéroports de Paris, public authorities could legitimately consider that the financing did not constitute State aid and accordingly did not need to be notified to the Commission.
yksi matkatavaroiden kuljetusajoneuvo
It follows that the Commission can not put into question such grants under State aid rules.
yksi jäteajoneuvo
Moreover, Germany stated that Land Rhineland-Palatinate partially financed personnel costs for security checks in the years 2001 ([…] % of total costs), 2002 ([…] %), 2003 ([…] %) and 2004 ([…] %).
yksi vedenkuljetusajoneuvo
As assessed in recital 397 and following, the carrying out of security checks (pursuant to §8 LuftSiG) can, in principle, be considered to constitute an activity falling within the public policy remit.
yksi maavirtalaite
However, pursuant to §8(3) LuftSiG only the costs related to the provision and maintenance of spaces and premises necessary for the performance of the listed activities pursuant to §5 LuftSiG may be reimbursed.
yksi ilma-aluksen työntöön tarkoitettu ajoneuvo
However, in the present case the Land Rhineland-Palatinate has taken over costs for security checks, which must be borne by the airport operator.
Matkustajien ja matkatavaroiden selvitys
Hence, the public support granted to FFHG through the financing of personnel costs for security checks is not exempted from scrutiny under EU State aid rules.
matkustajien selvitys (lähtöselvityksen kertakorvaus)
The Commission considers that the direct grants are financed through State resources and are also imputable to the State.
matkatavaroiden selvitys (kertakorvaus)
The operator of an airport normally has to bear all the costs related to the construction and operation of the airport, including those for security checks, so that covering a part of those costs relieves FFHG of a burden it would normally have to bear and provides to FFHG an economic advantage it would normally not receive under normal market conditions.
matkustajien valvonta
Moreover, the measures at stake were non-repayable in nature and did not yield a return on investment.
Muuttuvat kokonaiskustannukset lentoa kohden
Germany has not presented any evidence that the direct grants were put at the disposal of FFHG on market terms.
Deckungsbeitrag I / lento
Furthermore, Germany does not rely on the MEO principle.
Deckungsbeitrag I / vuosi [116]
The Commission therefore finds that the measures at stake by the Land in favour of FFHG granted after 12 December 2000 conferred an economic advantage on FFHG.
Uuden reitin tuki [117]
In the light of the considerations in recital 392 and following, the Commission concludes that, as the direct grants amounting to EUR […] million (years 1997-2000) and EUR […] million (paid in 2001) were irrevocably decided by the public authorities before the Aéroports de Paris judgment, they could legitimately consider that those grants did not constitute State aid.
Ryanairin aiheuttamien investointien poisto [118]
The Commission considers that the public funding granted to FFHG amounting to EUR 1,93 million (years 2001-2004) constitutes State aid within the meeting of Article 107(1) of the Treaty.
Edellä mainittujen investointien rahoituskustannukset (korko: 5 %)
MEASURE 12: EQUITY INCREASE AMOUNTING TO EUR […] MILLION
Asteittain nouseva voitto-osuus vuodessa
Relation between the capital increase and the financial arrangements already put in place in favour of FFHG
Vaikka Saksan toimittamaan FFHG:n kannattavuuslaskelmaan ei sisältynyt ennustetta Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimuksen koko voimassaoloajalle, oli selvää, että kyseisen sopimuksen odotettiin tuottavan voittoa Ryanairin ensimmäisestä toimintavuodesta lähtien.
Before assessing whether the capital increase amounting to EUR […] million in favour of FFHG constitutes State aid, it is necessary to determine whether this capital increase and the financial arrangements previously put in place in favour of FFHG should be considered as separate measures or as a single measure.
Vaikka markkinataloustoimija laatisi tavallisesti laskelman sopimuksen koko voimassaoloajalle, tässä tapauksessa sopimuksen odotettiin tuottavan voittoa ensimmäisestä vuodesta lähtien, vaikka matkustajamäärä ja odotetut tulot pysyisivät samalla tasolla (tosin niiden odotettiin kasvavan).
Germany submitted that the capital increase is intended to refinance the loans covering investments into of infrastructure which were irrevocably committed to be financed or refinanced by the public shareholder between 1997 and 2012, but not been yet been paid.
Sen vuoksi FFHG saattoi perustellusti odottaa sopimuksen lisäävän kokonaisuudessaan sen voitto-osuutta (ks. johdanto-osan 471 kappale).
In view of the evidence presented by Germany, the Commission considers that the equity injection is aimed to refinance loans which financed the infrastructure improvements at Frankfurt Hahn airport between 1997 and 2012.
Kyseisessä kannattavuusarvioinnissa huomioon otetut lisätulot sisältävät Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimuksessa vahvistettuja ilmailutuloja ja muita kuin ilmailuun liittyviä tuloja sekä verovapaan myynnin tuloja.
As according to Germany by the decision to undertake these investments, FFHG was entitled to receive this funding.
Matkustajaliikenteessä FFHG:n odotettiin palvelevan noin 392137:ää Ryanairin matkustajaa vuonna 2002 [119].
Hence, the Commission considers that the capital injection of EUR […] million has to be assessed in the context of the previous commitments by the public shareholders when these investments were decided.
Matkustajien todellinen määrä lentoasemalla ylitti tämän liikenne-ennusteen (ks. taulukko 1).
In that regard, and in the light of the considerations in Section 8.1.1, the Commission concludes that FFHG has been engaged in an economic activity as from the date of the Aéroports de Paris judgment (12 December 2000) onward and constitutes an undertaking within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty.
Vaikka FFHG olisi Lufthansan väitteen mukaisesti aliarvioinut uuden reitin tuen kannattavuusarvioinnissaan, suuremman matkustajamäärän vuoksi kasvaneet ilmailutulot ja muut kuin ilmailuun liittyvät tulot olisivat tasapainottaneet korkeampaa markkinointitukea.
Moreover, in line with the considerations in Sections 8.1.1, 8.1.3 and 8.1.4, which apply equally to that measure, the Commission considers that the equity injection constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty, as it involves State resources, it is imputable to the State and confers an selective economic advantage on FFHG that distorts or threatens to distort competition and trade between Member States.
Huomioon otetut lisäkustannukset sisältävät ulkoisen huolintayrityksen suorittaman maahuolinnan kustannuksia, palkattavan lisähenkilöstön kustannuksia sekä markkinointia, uuden reitin kehitystä ja turvatarkastuksia koskevia kustannuksia.
AID NATURE OF THE MEASURES RELATING TO RYANAIR AND OTHER AIRLINES USING THE AIRPORT
Näiden investointien arvioitiin olevan noin […] miljoonaa Saksan markkaa ja niillä rahoitettiin matkustajaterminaalin laajennus.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE MEO PRINCIPLE
Vaikka terminaalin ei katsottu johtuneen Ryanairista, FFHG:n laskelmassa otettiin huomioon terminaalin odotetut ylimääräiset investointikustannukset.
In order to assess whether an agreement between a publicly-owned airport and an airline confers an economic advantage on the latter, it is necessary to analyse whether that agreement complied with the MEO principle.
Vaikka Saksan toimittamassa FFHG:n kannattavuusarvioinnissa ei diskontattu tulevia maksuja Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimuksen tekopäivän mukaan, on selvää, että sopimuksen odotettiin tuottavan voittoa.
In applying the MEOT to an agreement between an airport and an airline, it must be assessed whether, at the date when the agreement was concluded, a prudent market economy operator would have expected the agreement to lead to a higher profit than would have been achieved otherwise.
Komissio toteaa, että ennakkolaskelman taustaoletus oli kohtuullinen, kun otetaan huomioon laskelman tekohetkellä vallinneet markkinaolosuhteet.
That higher profit is to be measured by the difference between the incremental revenues expected to be generated by the agreement (that is, the difference between the revenues that would be achieved in case the agreement is concluded and the revenues that would be achieved in the absence of the agreement) and the incremental costs expected to be incurred as a result of the agreement (that is, the difference between the costs that would be incurred in case the agreement is concluded and the costs that would be incurred in the absence of the agreement), the resulting cash flows being discounted with an appropriate discount rate.
Matkustajamäärän todellinen kehitys lentoasemalla ylitti odotetun matkustajamäärän (ks. taulukko 1) ja lisäsi ilmailutuloja ja muita kuin ilmailuun liittyviä tuloja.
In that analysis, all the relevant incremental revenues and costs associated with the agreement must be taken into account.
Komissio toteaa, että ottaen huomioon kaikki Ryanairin toiminnasta lentoasemalla aiheutuvat lisäkustannukset ja -tulot FFHG:n johto odotti, että Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimus lisäisi koko sen voimassaoloajan Frankfurt-Hahnin lentoaseman voitto-osuutta siten, että sen nettonykyarvo olisi vähintään […] miljoonaa Saksan markkaa (diskonttokorko = […] prosenttia) [120].
The various elements (discounts to airport charges, marketing grants, other financial incentives) should not be assessed separately.
Komission mielestä vaikuttaa siltä, että kun otetaan huomioon matkustajamäärän todellinen kehitys Frankfurt-Hahnin lentoasemalla, Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimuksen perusteella lasketussa nettonykyarvossa aliarvioidaan kyseisen sopimuksen aiheuttama todellinen kannattavuuden parantuminen.
Indeed, as stated in the Charleroi judgment: ‘It is (…) necessary, when applying the private investor test, to envisage the commercial transaction as a whole in order to determine whether the public entity and the entity which is controlled by it, taken together, have acted as rational operators in a market economy.
Koska Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimuksen odotettiin (paitsi kattavan kaikki lisäkustannukset myös) parantavan FFHG:n kannattavuutta, myös Frankfurt-Hahnin lentoaseman kokonaisliiketoiminnan odotettiin muuttuvan kannattavammaksi sopimuksen voimassaoloaikana.
The Commission must, when assessing the measures at issue, examine all the relevant features of the measures and their context […].’ [105].
Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimusta koskeva Oxeran kannattavuusarviointi
The expected incremental revenues must include in particular the revenues from airport charges, taking into account the discounts as well as the additional traffic expected to be generated by the agreement and the non-aeronautical revenues expected to be generated by the traffic.
Ryanair toimitti myös Oxeran laatiman kannattavuusarvioinnin, joka perustui Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimuksen tekohetkellä käytettävissä olleisiin tietoihin (jotka olivat peräisin lentoasemalta ja Ryanairilta).
The expected incremental costs must include in particular all the incremental operating and investment costs that would not be incurred in the absence of the agreement as well as the costs of the marketing grants and other financial incentives.
Tämän laskelman tulokset esitetään taulukossa 17.
The Commission also notes in that context that price differentiation (including marketing support and other incentives) is a standard business practice.
Komissio laati Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimusta koskevan Oxeran markkinataloustoimijatestin perusteella herkkyysanalyysin muista kuin ilmailuun liittyvistä tuloista, jotka otettiin arvioinnissa huomioon.
The Court held in the Stardust Marine judgment that, ‘[…] in order to examine whether or not the State has adopted the conduct of a prudent investor operating in a market economy, it is necessary to place oneself in the context of the period during which the financial support measures were taken in order to assess the economic rationality of the State's conduct, and thus to refrain from any assessment based on a later situation.’ [107].
Ryanairin vuoden 2002 sopimusta koskeva mukautettu Oxeran kannattavuusarviointi (20 prosenttia vähemmän muita kuin ilmailuun liittyviä tuloja)
Hence, in order to be able to apply the MEOT the Commission has to place itself at the time when the respective agreements between FFHG and Ryanair were concluded.
Väitteensä tueksi Saksa toimitti PwC:n laatiman markkinataloustoimijatestin, jossa pyritään määrittämään Ryanairin vuoden 2005 sopimuksen lisävaikutus vertaamalla kahta skenaariota: i) FFHG:n ennakkoon laadittu liiketoimintasuunnitelma, johon sisältyy Ryanairin osallistuminen, ja ii) vaihtoehtoinen skenaario, jossa FFHG:n ennakkoon laadittuun liiketoimintasuunnitelmaan ei sisälly Ryanairin osallistumista.
Also, the Commission in principle must base its assessment on the information at the disposal of the airport manager when the respective agreements were signed or put in place, as well as any reasonable assumptions that it could entertain at such time.
Lisäkassavirta on laskettu kahden skenaarion välisenä erotuksena (kuten taulukossa 29 on esitetty).
Point 63 of the 2014 Aviation Guidelines provides that arrangements concluded between airlines and an airport can be deemed to satisfy the MEO test when they incrementally contribute, from an ex ante perspective, to the profitability of the airport.
Taulukko 29
While this criterion reflects the logic of the MEO test, it has been spelt out only recently and refers to individual arrangements rather than to the overall business, as is more often the case when applying the MEO test.
Ryanairin vuoden 2005 sopimuksen markkinataloustoimijatesti
Therefore, the Commission recognises that it may be difficult for the relevant Member State and for the operators concerned to provide full contemporaneous evidence in respect of arrangements concluded many years ago and will take that into account when applying the criterion at stake in the present case.
PwC:n selvitys 2006, s. 88 ja 89
The feasibility of comparing Frankfurt Hahn airport to other European airports
Komissio toteaa, että lisäkassavirrassa, joka lasketaan kahden skenaarion välisenä erotuksena, otetaan huomioon kaikki lisäkustannukset ja -tulot, joita aiheutui Ryanairin läsnäolosta lentoasemalla.
Under the 2014 Aviation Guidelines, the existence of aid to an airline using a particular airport can, in principle, be excluded if the price charged for the airport services corresponds to the market price, or if it can be demonstrated that from an ex ante analysis —, i.e. one founded on information available when the aid was granted and on developments foreseeable at the time — the airport/airline arrangement could be expected to lead to a positive incremental profit contribution for the airport [108].
Kyseisessä kannattavuuslaskelmassa otetaan lisäksi huomioon kaikki investoinnit, joita aiheutui Ryanairin läsnäolosta lentoasemalla.
In that respect, the Commission considers an ex ante incremental profitability analysis to be the most relevant criterion for the assessment of arrangements concluded by airports with individual airlines [109].
PwC laati menettelyn aloittamista koskevan vuoden 2008 päätöksen jälkeen täydentävän markkinataloustoimijatestin, jonka mukaan Ryanairin aiheuttamien investointien kokonaismäärä oli […] miljoonaa euroa, kun taas jäljelle jäävä […] miljoonaa euroa liittyi lentoaseman rahti-infrastruktuurin kehittämiseen (yhteensä […] miljoonaa euroa).
The reason is that, at the present time, it is doubtful that an appropriate benchmark can be identified to establish a true market price for services provided by airports.
Komissio toteaa, että ottaen huomioon kaikki Ryanairin toiminnasta lentoasemalla aiheutuvat lisäkustannukset ja -tulot FFHG:n johto odotti, että Ryanairin vuoden 2005 sopimus lisäisi koko sen voimassaoloajan Frankfurt-Hahnin lentoaseman voitto-osuutta siten, että sen nettonykyarvo olisi vähintään […] miljoonaa euroa (diskonttokorko = […] prosenttia) [121].
In general, the application of the MEO principle based on an average price on other, similar markets may prove helpful if such a price can be reasonably identified or deduced from other market indicators.
Tässä yhteydessä komissio toteaa, että ennakkoon laaditun liiketoimintasuunnitelman taustaoletukset vaikuttavat todenmukaisilta, kun tarkastellaan vallitsevia markkinaolosuhteita ja halpalentoyhtiöiden merkittävää kasvua vuodesta 2000 lähtien.
However, this method is not as relevant in the case of airport services, as the structure of costs and revenues tends to differ greatly from one airport to another.
Toisaalta kun otetaan huomioon Frankfurt-Hahnin lentoaseman todellisen matkustajamäärän kehityksen pitkän ajan suunnitelmat, […] prosentin diskonttokoron perusteella lasketussa nettonykyarvossa ei välttämättä oteta riittävästi huomioon riskejä, jotka voivat vaikuttaa näihin oletuksiin.
This is because costs and revenues depend on how developed an airport is, the number of airlines which use the airport, its capacity in terms of passenger traffic, the state of the infrastructure and related investments, the regulatory framework which can vary from one Member State to another and any debts or obligations entered into by the airport in the past [110].
Sen vuoksi komissio on laatinut diskonttokoron herkkyysanalyysin (ks. taulukko 30).
Moreover, the liberalisation of the air transport market complicates any purely comparative analysis.
Kun sovelletaan […] prosentin diskonttokorkoa, nettonykyarvo on silti […] miljoonaa euroa.
As can be seen in the present case, commercial practices between airports and airlines are not always based exclusively on a published schedule of charges.
Lisäksi vaikka ajateltaisiin, että edes […] prosentin diskonttokoron avulla ei voida suojautua pitkän aikavälin matkustajamääräennusteisiin liittyvältä epävarmuudelta, on otettava huomioon, että sopimuksen odotettiin lisäävän FFHG:n kannattavuutta ensimmäisestä vuodesta lähtien.
Rather, these commercial relations are very varied.
FFHG:llä ei myöskään vaikuttanut olevan markkinoiden kokonaiskehityksen perusteella mitään pakottavaa syytä olettaa kannattavuuden heikentyvän myöhempinä vuosina.
Consequently, one transaction cannot really be compared with another based on a turnaround price or price per passenger.
Ryanairin vuoden 2005 sopimuksen markkinataloustoimijatesti – diskonttokoron herkkyysanalyysi
Finally, assuming that it could be established, based on a valid comparative analysis, that the ‘prices’ involved in the various transactions that are the subject of that assessment are equivalent to or higher than the ‘market prices’ established through a comparative sample of transactions, the Commission would, nevertheless, not be able to conclude from this that these transactions comply with the MEO test if it emerges that, when they were concluded, the airport operator had expected them to generate incremental costs higher than the incremental revenues.
Ottaen huomioon asteittaisen kannattavuusanalyysin komissio päättelee, että Ryanairin vuoden 2005 sopimus täytti markkinataloustoimijaperiaatteen vaatimukset, sillä ennakolta tarkasteltuna ja ottaen huomioon vallitsevat markkinaolosuhteet sopimuksella lisättiin asteittain lentoaseman pitäjän voitto-osuutta.
This is because an MEO will have no incentive to offer goods or services at ‘market price’ if doing so would result in an incremental loss.
Sen vuoksi komissio päättelee, että FFHG:n päätös tehdä Ryanairin vuoden 2005 sopimus ei aiheuttanut lentoyhtiölle taloudellista etua, jota se ei olisi saanut tavanomaisissa markkinaolosuhteissa.
In such conditions, the Commission considers that, taking into account all the information available to it, there are no grounds for diverging from the approach recommended in the 2014 Aviation Guidelines for applying the MEO principle to relations between airports and airlines, i.e. an ex ante analysis of incremental profitability.
Koska yksi SEUT-sopimuksen 107 artiklan 1 kohdan edellytyksistä ei täyty, komissio katsoo, että Frankfurt-Hahnin lentoaseman ja Ryanairin välinen vuoden 2005 sopimus ei ole SEUT-sopimuksen 107 artiklan 1 kohdassa tarkoitettua valtiontukea [122].
Assessment of Incremental Costs and Revenues
Saksan mukaan matkustajamäärään perustuva maksujen alennus on tavanomainen käytäntö kansallisilla ja kansainvälisillä lentoasemilla.
The Commission considers that price differentiation is a standard business practice, as long as it complies with all relevant competition and sectoral legislation.
Alennusten kynnysarvo oli hyvin alhainen, 100000 matkustajaa vuodessa, joten alennukset olivat myös pienten lentoyhtiöiden saatavilla.
In the view of the Commission, arrangements concluded between airlines and an airport can be deemed to satisfy the MEO test when they incrementally contribute, from an ex ante perspective, to the profitability of the airport.
Komissio katsoo, että kannattavuuslaskelma perustui todenmukaisiin oletuksiin, kun otetaan huomioon tuolloin vallinneet markkinaolosuhteet ja FFHG:n liiketoiminnan todelliset tulokset.
The airport should demonstrate that, when setting up an arrangement with an airline (for example, an individual contract or an overall scheme of airport charges), it is capable of covering all costs stemming from the arrangement, over the duration of the arrangement, with a reasonable profit margin on the basis of sound prospects.
Taulukko 31
In order to assess whether an arrangement concluded by an airport with an airline satisfies the MEO test, expected non-aeronautical revenues stemming from the airline's activity must be taken into consideration together with airport charges, net of any rebates, marketing support or incentive scheme).
Vuoden 2006 lentoasemamaksutaulukon kannattavuusarviointi
Similarly, all expected costs incrementally incurred by the airport in relation to the airline's activity at the airport must be taken into account.
Lähde: PwC:n selvitys 2006, s. 57.