natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For a time, this led information providers to question the continued usefulness of thesauri for searching networked environments.
Kunagi on see seadnud teabelevitajad küsimuse ette, kas tesaurused on võrgukeskkonnas teabe otsimiseks jätkusuutlikud.
However, these initial doubts have been dispelled as the drawbacks and limits of full-text searches in a content-rich environment have become increasingly apparent.
Esialgsed kahtlused on siiski hajunud, kuna tekstimassiivist otsingu puudused ja piirangud on muutunud aina ilmsemaks.
The value of thesauri for resource description and research has been reasserted, with the proviso that they should meet the minimum requirements of good field-specific coverage, regular updating and an efficient user interface.
Tesauruste väärtus tekstide kirjeldamisel ja uurimisel on taas ilmne – eeldusel, et täidetud on valdkonna katvuse miinimumnõuded, tesaurust uuendatakse regulaarselt ning programm on kasutajasõbralik.
These considerations recently prompted the European Commission to ask Eurydice to compile a new multilingual thesaurus, the so-called Thesaurus for Education Systems in Europe (TESE).
Ülal mainitud kaalutlused sundisid Euroopa Komisjoni paluma Eurydicel koostada uus mitmekeelne tesaurus, nn Euroopa Haridussüsteemide Tesaurus (Thesaurus for Education Systems in Europe, TESE).
Although to some extent borrowing from its predecessor, the European Education Thesaurus (EET)this new publication has been specifically designed to index information on education systems and policies in a European context.
Kuigi mingil määral on TESEsse laenatud selle eelkäijast, Euroopa Haridustesaurusest (European Education Thesaurus, EET)1, on see uus väljaanne koostatud spetsiaalselt Euroopa haridussüsteeme ja -poliitikaid puudutava teabe indekseerimiseks.
The transnational character of Eurydice research activity pointed to the need for a thesaurus that not only takes account of common aspects of the education systems covered but also of their distinctive features.
Eurydice uurimistöö riigipiiride ülene iseloom osutas sellise tesauruse vajadusele, mis ei võta arvesse ainult eri haridussüsteemide ühisjooni, vaid ka nende erinevusi.
Eurydice publications are produced in several European languages all spoken by different visitors to its websites.
Eurydice väljaanded ilmuvad mitmes Euroopa keeles, mida veebilehtede kasutajad kõnelevad.
Only a multilingual thesaurus enables users to search in their preferred language and to retrieve original texts, as well as their translations.
Ainult mitmekeelne tesaurus võimaldab kasutajatel otsinguid sooritada keeles, mida nad eelistavad, ning saada kätte nii originaalkeeles tekste kui ka nende tõlkeid.
The intra-network cooperation required to compile this thesaurus relied on a semi-centralised structure, with the Eurydice European Unit (EEU) responsible for the development of all conceptual, terminological and organisational aspects.
Võrgustikusisene koostöö tesauruse koostamisel toetus pooltsentraliseeritud struktuurile, kus Eurydice Euroopa Üksus (EEU) vastutas kõigi mõistete ja terminoloogiaga seotud ning korralduslike aspektide eest.
The EEU proposed the descriptors, nondescriptors and scope notes for the English language version and established the corresponding thesaural relationships.
EEU pakkus välja deskriptorid, mittedeskriptorid ja kasutusjuhised/definitsioonid ingliskeelse versiooni jaoks ja kehtestas tesauruses esinevad seosed.
A TESE Management Group of representatives from selected Eurydice National Units acted as the final arbiter in all intellectual and editorial matters.
TESE juhtrühm, kuhu kuuluvad valitud Eurydide rahvuslike üksuste esindajad, toimis lõppotsustajana kõikide intellektuaalsete ja toimetamisega seotud aspektide puhul.
A Group for Linguistic Equivalents, consisting of one language specialist for each of the TESE languages, was given the responsibility of finding the most suitable language equivalents plus the necessary nondescriptors in each.
Lingvistiliste ekvivalentide töögrupp, kuhu kuulus üks esindaja iga TESE keele kohta, vastutas kõige sobivamate keeleekvivalentide ja mittedeskriptorite leidmise eest.
During initial preparation of TESE, the Eurydice network and in particular the EEU received very helpful support from an external expert, Marisa Trigari, to whom we are indebted for her contribution to the design and development of TESE.
TESE koostamise alguses sai võrgustik ja eriti EEU suurt abi väliseksperdilt Marisa Tigarilt, kellele oleme tänu võlgu tema panuse eest TESE arendamisse.
This first edition of TESE is the outcome of two years of intensive work within the Eurydice network, involving cooperation with our partners, Cedefop and European Schoolnet.
Käesolev TESE esimene versioon on Eurydice võrgustiku kaheaastase intensiivse töö tulemus, milles partneritena osalesid Cedefop ja European Schoolnet.
The resultant collaboration with over 30 experts in education, thesaurus development, knowledge management, languages, information and computer science, and terminology has resulted in a publication that promises to become a valuable source of reference when indexing texts on educational policies and systems.
Üle 30 haridus, tesaurusearenduse, teadmusjuhtimise, keele-, IKT ja terminoloogiaeksperdi koostöö tulemusel on valminud väljaanne, mis tõotab muutuda väärtuslikuks teatmeallikaks haridussüsteeme ja -poliitikaid puudutavate tekstide indekseerimisel.
The multilingual nature of TESE, along with its numerous scope notes and definitions, extend its potential usefulness to many other areas beyond the field of information retrieval, such as translation and work on terminology.
TESE mitmekeelne olemus koos arvukate kasutusjuhiste ja definitsioonidega võimaldab teda kasutada ka muuks kui teabeotsinguks, nt tõlkimiseks ja terminoloogiatööks.
Patricia Wastiau-Schlüter Head of the Eurydice European Unit June 2006
Patricia Wastiau-Schlüter Eurydice Euroopa Üksuse Juhataja Juuni 2006
Preface............................................................................................................................3 Contents..........................................................................................................................5 TESE Presentation..........................................................................................................7
Eessõna...........................................................................................................................3 Sisukord..........................................................................................................................5 TESE esitlus.....................................................................................................................7
Introduction....................................................................................................................7 Description of TESE........................................................................................................8 1.
Sissejuhatus....................................................................................................................7 TESE kirjeldus.................................................................................................................8 1.
Scope and purpose..............................................................................................................................8 2.
Ulatus ja eesmärk..................................................................................................................................8 2. Sõnastiku kontroll.................................................................................................................................8
Descriptors..............................................................................................................................................................8 2.1.1.
Deskriptorid ja mittedeskriptorid.......................................................................................................................8 2.1.1. Abiterminid.................................................................................................................................................8 2.2. Mittedeskriptorid.....................................................................................................................................................8 2.3.
Pre- and post-coordination.............................................................................................................................10 2.4. Spelling..................................................................................................................................................................10 2.5.
Eel- ja järelkoordineerimine..................................................................................................................................9 2.4.
Scope notes and definitions...........................................................................................................................10
Kasutusjuhised ja definitsioonid......................................................................................................................10
Basic structure.....................................................................................................................................................11 3.1.1.
Põhistruktuur..........................................................................................................................................................10 3.1.1.
Fundamental Facets.................................................................................................................................11 3.1.2. Microthesauri..............................................................................................................................................11 3.1.3.
Põhikategooriad.....................................................................................................................................10 3.1.2.
Flat Lists........................................................................................................................................................13 3.2.
Lisaloendid...............................................................................................................................................13 3.2. Hierarhiasuhted.....................................................................................................................................................13 3.3.
Hierarchical relationships.......................................................................................................................14 3.2.2.
Seostavad suhted..................................................................................................................................................14 3.4.
Associative relationships........................................................................................................................14 3.2.3.
Keelevariantide vahelised seosed...................................................................................................................14
Thesaural displays..............................................................................................................................15
Tesauruse sõnastikud.......................................................................................................................14
Abbreviations and symbols............................................................................................................................15 4.2.
Tähestikuline sõnastik.........................................................................................................................................15 4.2.1. Deskriptori kirje.......................................................................................................................................16 4.2.2. Mittedeskriptori kirje.............................................................................................................................17 4.3.
Systematic display.............................................................................................................................................17 4.4.
Süstemaatiline sõnastik......................................................................................................................................17 4.4.
Rotated (or permuted) display......................................................................................................................18
Pöördsõnastik.........................................................................................................................................................18
Statistical data.....................................................................................................................................19 Administration and maintenance...............................................................................20 How to use TESE...........................................................................................................21 1.
Statistilised andmed.........................................................................................................................19 Haldamine ja edasiarendamine..................................................................................20 TESE kasutamine..........................................................................................................21 1.
Indexing.................................................................................................................................................21
Indekseerimine...................................................................................................................................21
Selection of concepts to be indexed...........................................................................................................21 1.1.1.
Mõistete valik indekseerimiseks.......................................................................................................................21 1.1.1. Selektiivsus...............................................................................................................................................21 1.1.2.
Exhaustiveness...........................................................................................................................................21 1.2.
Ammendavus..........................................................................................................................................21 1.2.
Expressing concepts with descriptors.........................................................................................................22
Mõistete väljendamine deskriptorite abil.....................................................................................................22
Query formulation.............................................................................................................................23 Annexe - List of stopwords for the English language version of TESE.....................24
Päringu formuleerimine..................................................................................................................23 Lisa – TESE eestikeelse versiooni abisõnade loend...................................................24
Systematic display.......................................................................................................25 Alphabetic display.......................................................................................................71 Rotated display..........................................................................................................280 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................392
Süstemaatiline sõnastik..............................................................................................25 Tähestikuline sõnastik.................................................................................................71 Pöördsõnastik............................................................................................................245 Tunnustus...................................................................................................................317
TESE PRESENTATION
TESE ESITLUS
Eurydice, the information network on education in Europe, has been involved in the development of education thesauri for over two decades.
Euroopa haridusteabe võrgustik Eurydice on tegelnud haridustesauruste arendamisega üle kahe aastakümne.
Its activity in this respect dates back to 1981 when the European Commission signed an agreement with the Council of Europe to jointly finance and redesign the thesaurus for EUDISED (European Documentation and Information System for Education), a project that had been run by the Council of Europe since 1974.
Alustati aastal 1981, kui Euroopa Komisjon kirjutas koos Euroopa Nõukoguga alla leppele üheskoos rahastada ja ümber kujundada Euroopa hariduse dokumendi- ja teabesüsteemi (EUDISED) tesaurus, projekt, millega Euroopa Nõukogu oli tegelnud aastast 1974.
The European Commission delegated management of the technical aspects of this cooperation to the Eurydice European Unit (EEU).
Euroopa Komisjon delegeeris selle koostöö tehniliste aspektide juhtimise Eurydice Euroopa Üksusele (EEU).
As a result, the two organisations published in 1984 the second edition of the EUDISED Thesaurus in the (then) nine official languages of the European Community.
1984. a publitseerisid koostööpartnerid EUDISEDi tesauruse teise trüki Euroopa Ühenduse tolleaegses üheksas ametlikus keeles.
This collaboration was maintained for several more years and led in 1991 to the appearance of a renamed publication, known as the European Education Thesaurus (EET), a further edition of which was published in 1998.
Koostöö kestis veel mitme järgneva aasta jooksul ning 1991. a anti muutunud nime all välja haridustesauruse uus väljaanne –European Education Thesaurus (EET). Selle teine trükk ilmus aastal 1998.
Two years later, however, the Council of Europe decided to withdraw from the EET project.
Kaks aastat hiljem otsustas Euroopa Nõukogu EET projektis enam mitte osaleda.
A large number of EET descriptors and in particular those relating to educational psychology and research were no longer relevant to indexers concerned with information on education policies and systems.
Suur hulk EET deskriptoreid, sh eriti need, mis puudutasid koolipsühholoogiat ja haridusuuringuid, polnud enam vajalikud indekseerijatele, kes tegelesid teabega hariduspoliitikate ja -süsteemide kohta.
In addition, Eurydice lacked the expertise and resources needed to regularly update such a comprehensive thesaurus.
Lisaks puudusid Eurydicel vajalike teadmistega inimesed ja rahalised vahendid, et regulaarselt uuendada sellist kõikehõlmavat sõnastikku.
In May 2003, following consultation with the European Commission and discussions within the network, Eurydice decided to create a new multilingual thesaurus, the Thesaurus for Education Systems in Europe (TESE).
Mais 2003 peale konsultatsioone Euroopa Komisjoniga ning võrgustikusiseseid diskussioone otsustas Eurydice luua mitmekeelse Euroopa haridussüsteemide tesauruse (Thesaurus for Education Systems in Europe (TESE)).
This new publication has been specifically tailored to the needs of Eurydice, although it is also general enough to serve as an indexing tool for other European providers of information on education systems and policies.
Uus publikatsioon otsustati koostada spetsiaalselt Eurydice vajadusi arvestades, kuid samas küllalt laialdasena, et olla indekseerimisvahendiks teistele Euroopa organisatsioonidele, kes vahendavad teavet haridussüsteemide ja -poliitikate kohta.
At the time, it was agreed to make TESE available in Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Portuguese and Spanish.
Omal ajal lepiti kokku teha TESE kättesaadavaks tšehhi, taani, hollandi, inglise, soome, prantsuse, saksa, kreeka, itaalia, poola, portugali ja hispaania keeles.
Since then the Eurydice National Units in Estonia and Latvia have also expressed an interest in their own language versions.
Hiljem avaldasid soovi omakeelset versiooni omada ka Eesti ja Läti rahvuslikud üksused.
A major consideration when compiling TESE was its interoperability with the thesauri produced by Cedefop (the European Training Thesaurus) and European Schoolnet (the Learning Resource Exchange Thesaurus).
Peamisi põhimõtteid TESE koostamisel oli selle ühildatavus Cedefopi ja Euroopa haridusministrite võrgustiku (European Schoolnet) tesaurustega (vastavalt the European Training Thesaurus ja the Learning Resource Exchange Thesaurus).
Both bodies have devised their own multilingual indexing tools in the field of education, Cedefop for texts on vocational education and training and European Schoolnet for material on the content of education.
Mõlemad organisatsioonid on loonud oma mitmekeelsed hariduse valdkonna indekseerimisvahendid: Cedefop kutsehariduse ning -koolituse ja Euroopa haridusministrite võrgustik hariduse sisu kohta.
Given the overlaps in vocabulary and target groups and the almost identical choice of language versions, it was in the best interests of all three bodies to cooperate closely.
Arvestades sõnastiku ja sihtrühmade kattuvust ning peaaegu identset keeltevalikut, oli kõigi kolme huvides teha tihedat koostööd.
Meetings were arranged on a regular basis to develop a common approach in terms of thesaural structure, terminology and software.
Toimusid regulaarsed koosolekud, et välja arendada ühtne lähenemine tesauruse struktuurile, terminoloogiale ja tarkvarale.
Other thesauri influential in the development of TESE were the European Education Thesaurus, the Eurovoc Thesaurus, the ERIC Thesaurus and the Unesco/IBE Thesaurus.
Teised tesaurused, millel oli mõju TESELE, olid European Education Thesaurus, Eurovoc Thesaurus, ERIC Thesaurus ja Unesco/IBE Thesaurus.
The spelling and hierarchical structure of the languages in the Microthesaurus Languages are based on Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005.
Keelte hierarhiline struktuur mikrotesauruses “Keeled” põhineb väljaandel Gordon, Raimond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Veebivariant aadressil http://www.ethnologue.com/
DESCRIPTION OF TESE
TESE KIRJELDUS
The Thesaurus for Education Systems in Europe (TESE) is a controlled vocabulary intended for indexing texts on education systems and policies in Europe.
Euroopa haridussüsteemide tesaurus (TESE) on kontrollitud sõnastik, mis on mõeldud Euroopa haridussüsteeme ja -poliitikaid puudutavate tekstide indekseerimiseks.
It was established in accordance with ISO guidelines 2788-1986 and 5964-1985, and is published on the central Eurydice website (http://www.eurydice.org) where users can consult and download free of charge the alphabetical, rotated and systematic displays.
See loodi kooskõlas ISO suunistega 2788-1986 ja 5964-1985 ning on publitseeritud Eurydice võrgustiku veebilehel (http://www.eurydice.org), kust kasutajad saavad tasuta alla laadida tesauruse tähestikulise, pöörd- ja süstemaatilise versiooni.
Scope and purpose
Ulatusja eesmärk
A multilingual publication, TESE has been primarily designed to serve the indexing needs of the Eurydice network, which is represented in all countries participating in Socrates, the European action programme in the field of education.
Mitmekeelne tesaurus TESE on eelkõige kavandatud indekseerimisvahendiks Eurydice võrgustikule, milles on esindatud kõik Euroopa hariduskoostööprogrammis Socrates osalevad riigid.
TESE is primarily intended for indexing the bibliographic and electronic network databases, as well as information published on the central Eurydice website maintained by the Eurydice European Unit (EEU).
TESE on eelkõige mõeldud bibliograafiliste ja elektrooniliste andmebaaside ning ka Eurydice Euroopa Üksuse (EEU) hallatava Eurydice veebilehe indekseerimiseks.