natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
In economic theory this is called an outward shift of the demand curve because of improved quality. 
Majandusteoorias nimetatakse seda nõudluskõvera väljapoole nihkeks paranenud kvaliteedi tõttu.
Theoretical Concept, Methodology and Compilation Practices 
Majandusteoreetiline kontseptsioon, metoodika ja koostamine
The economic cycle has reached a phase characterised by slower income growth. 
Majandustsükkel on jõudnud faasi, millele on iseloomulik tulude aeglasem kasv.
Business cycle analysis 
Majandustsükli analüüs
At different stages of the economic cycle the movement of wage growth and economic growth in opposite directions can partly be explained by the inertia of the labour market, which sees unit labour costs adjust to reduced economic activity with a certain lag. 
Majandustsükli eri etappidel saab palga- ja majanduskasvu vastassuunalist liikumist selgitada osaliselt tööturu inertsusega ehk tööjõukulusid kohandatakse vähenenud majandusaktiivsusega teatud hilinemisega.
The number of men in employment has fluctuated much more over the business cycle than the number of women has, with male employment increasing during the boom and falling during the recession by more than female employment. 
Majandustsükli eri faasides on hõivatud meeste arv kõikunud naiste omast palju rohkem – meeste hõive suurenes buumi ajal ja vähenes majanduslanguse ajal enam kui naiste hõive.
As expected, the current phase of the economic cycle has brought along an increase in the volume of loan writedowns. 
Majandustsükli faasi muutumine on toonud oodatult kaasa laenude allahindluste mahu kasvu.
Assessments of the economic cycle and therefore of structural balance are always prone to inaccuracy. 
Majandustsükli ja seega ka struktuurse tasakaalu hindamine on alati ebatäpne.
Compared to 2006, less new companies have been registered since the second half of 2007, which is quite characteristic of economic adjustment. 
Majandustsükli kohandumisetapile omaselt registreeriti uusi ettevõtteid alates 2007. aasta teisest poolest vähem kui 2006. aastal.
The recession phase of economic cycle has a significant impact on the demand for goods and thus the impact is large also on the volumes of retail sales. 
Majandustsükli langusfaas mõjutab tuntavalt nõudlust kaupade järele ja seega on mõju ka jaekaubanduse mahtudele suur.
In the recession phase of economic cycle, the sectors of economy which had been growing fast recently can as quickly lose in volume, which, inter alia, puts more pressure on the employment of immigrants (Dustmann 2009). 
Majandustsükli langusfaasis aga võivad seni kiiresti kasvanud majandussektorid sama kiiresti mahtu kaotada, mis muu hulgas suurendab survet immigrantide tööhõivele (Dustmann 2009).
At the moment there is more uncertainty than usual surrounding the assessments of the effect of the economic cycle as the revenue bases have grown faster than the economy, and assessments by both Eesti Pank and the European Commission indicate that the Estonian government will not be able to achieve its MTO of a balanced budget without additional measures. 
Majandustsükli mõju hindamises on aga hetkel tavapärasest rohkem ebakindlust, sest tulubaaside kasv on olnud kiirem kui majanduskasv – nii Eesti Panga kui ka Euroopa Komisjoni hinnangul ilma lisameetmeteta Eesti valitsus keskpika perioodi eelarve-eesmärke ei saavuta.
Cyclical indicators show the economy is currently growing at a rate that is faster than it can sustain over the long term 
Majandustsükli näitajate põhjal kasvab majandus praegu kiiremini, kui on Eesti majandusele tavaoludes pikema aja jooksul jõukohane
The growth phase of economic cycle, as a rule, entails a growth in real wages and, the recession phase, in turn, involves a decrease thereof. 
Majandustsükli tõusufaas tähendab üldjuhul reaalpalga kasvu ja langusfaas kahanemist.
Essence of economic cycles, causes for their occurence and impact on the labour market 
Majandustsüklite olemus, tekkepõhjused ja mõju tööturule
There exist a sufficient number of different theoretical treatments of the occurrence mechanisms of economic cycles, but none of them has succeeded in preventing the occurrence of economic crisis by knowing the exact symptoms preceding the economic crisis and the exact time when to take relevant measures. 
Majandustsüklite tekkemehhanismide kohta on teoreetilisi käsitlusi piisavalt, kuid ükski neist ei ole suutnud luua olukorda, kus majanduskriiside teket saaks ennetada sellega, et teatakse täpselt majanduskriisile eelnevaid sümptomeid ja seda, millal rakendada ennetusabinõusid.
Financial results and paid loss 
Majandustulemused ja väljamakstud kahjud
The Business Register for Statistical Purposes of Statistics Estonia contains information on the two following types of enterprise groups: foreign controlled enterprise groups the group heads of which are situated outside Estonia, and all-resident enterprise groups. 
Majandusüksuste statistiline register hõlmab infot kaht tüüpi kontsernide kohta: Eesti territooriumil tegutsevad väliskontsernid, mille peaettevõtted asuvad väljaspool Eestit, ja Eesti kapitali kontrollitavad kontsernid.
The Statistical Business Register and legal registers hold all registered units, whereas the Statistical Profile consists only of units which were economically active in the corresponding year. 
Majandusüksuste statistilises registris ja juriidilistes registrites on olemas kõik registreeritud üksusedk uid statistilises profiilis on vaid tegutsevad üksused.
The Business Register for Statistical Purposes contains information on two types of enterprise groups: foreign-controlled enterprise groups, the group heads of which are situated outside Estoniaa nd all-resident enterprise groups. 
Majandusüksuste statistilises registris on info kaht tüüpi kontsernide kohta: Eesti territooriumil tegutsevad väliskontsernid, mille peaettevõtted asuvad väljaspool Eestit, ja Eesti kapitali kontrolli all olevad kontsernid.
The Business Register for Statistical Purposes includes all registered units. 
Majandusüksuste statistilisse registrisse on kantud kõik registreeritud üksused.
Economic reviews 
majandusülevaated
Increased trust in the economy was also evident in the economic sentiment index published by the European Commission which improved throughout the entire year. 
Majandususalduse kasvule viitas ka vastav Euroopa Komisjoni avaldatav indeks, mis tõusis terve aasta jooksul.
The dynamics of that indicator reflects changes in the domestic and global economic outlook as well as the impacts of the deepening financial crisis. 
Majandususaldusindeksi areng kajastab nii riigisisese kui ka üleilmse konjunktuuri muutust ning süvenenud finantskriisi mõju.
Economic surveys contribute to current analysis and forecasting, and provide opportunities to participate in domestic as well as international discussions on economic and political issues. 
Majandusuuringud toetavad jooksvat analüüsi ja prognoosimist ning võimaldavad osaleda nii Eesti- siseses kui rahvusvahelises majanduspoliitilises diskussioonis.
Research supports the analyses and forecasts that are prepared in the Bank, and contributes to the preparation of the central bank's positions on monetary policy. 
Majandusuuringud toetavad pangas tehtavaid analüüse ja prognoose ning aitavad kaasa keskpanga majanduspoliitiliste seisukohtade ettevalmistamisele.
The Research Division coordinates and conducts economic research in the Bank. 
Majandusuuringute allosakond korraldab ja viib läbi majandusuuringuid Eesti Pangas.
Research Department 
Majandusuuringute osakond
7 December 2009 Martti Randveer, Head of the Research Department, was appointed a member of the Committee. 
Majandusuuringute osakonna juhataja Martti Randveer nimetati rahapoliitika komitee liikmeks 7. detsembril 2009.
The projects studied the impact of economic shocks on firm creation; factors of productivity and wage rigidity in Estonian companies; the impact of the opening of the Estonian labour market; long-term sustainability of the state budget; the dynamics of overdue loans during an economic cycle, etc. 
Majandusuuringute osakonnas valminud uurimustes käsitleti majandusšokkide mõju uute ettevõtete asutamisele, ettevõtete tootlikkuse tegureid ning palgakujunduse paindlikkust Eesti ettevõtetes, Eesti tööturu avanemise mõju, riigieelarve pikaajalist jätkusuutlikkust, viivislaenude arengut majandus- ja laenutsükli jooksul jm.
Economic freedom, on the other hand, is purely an institutional feature and in this way targeted at opening the development potential of the state. 
Majandusvabadus seevastu on puhtinstitutsionaalne tunnus ning sellisena suunatud riigi arengupotentsiaali avamisele.
Economic freedom which is empirically studied by the Heritage Foundation (HF) in the USA, and the Fraser Institute (FI) in Canada. 
Majandusvabadus, mida empiiriliselt uurivad Heritage Foundation (HF) USA-s ja Fraseri Instituut (FI) Kanadas.
Households prefer more liquid financial assets and hold a larger share of their financial assets in deposits than they used to before. 
Majapidamised eelistavad finantsvaradest likviidsemaid varasid ning hoiavad varasemast suurema osa finantsvaradest hoiustena.
Households and companies have been reducing their financial leverage and increasing their savings throughout 2010. 
Majapidamised ja ettevõtted on kogu 2010. aasta vältel oma finantsvõimendust vähendanud ja sääste suurendanud.
Households have used more of their own funds to finance real estate purchases and banks are playing a much smaller role than they did in the earlier real estate boom. 
Majapidamised on kinnisvaraostude finantseerimisel kasutanud rohkem omavahendeid ja pankade roll on möödunud kinnisvarabuumi perioodiga võrreldes palju väiksem.
Households have been fast to change their consumption habits in the course of adjusting to the new economic conditions. 
Majapidamised on muutnud majandusoludega kohanedes väga kiiresti oma tarbimiskulutusi ja ühtlasi võtnud vähem tarbimislaene.
With support from greater confidence and higher incomes and a favourable interest rate environment, households have started to improve their living standards quite as expected. 
Majapidamised on seetõttu üsna ootuspäraselt hakanud kindlustunde ja sissetulekute suurenemise ja soodsa intressikeskkonna toel elutingimusi parandama.
Households have purchased property using more of their own funds than was the case during the real estate boom. 
Majapidamised on soetanud kinnisvara möödunud kinnisvarabuumiga võrreldes suhteliselt rohkem omavahenditest.
Households are generally rather cautious about financing investments in real estate, and the value of new housing loans as a ratio to the total value of residential real estate transactions has not risen (see Figure 3.2.6). 
Majapidamised rahastavad kinnisvarainvesteeringuid üldiselt siiski üsna ettevaatlikult ja uute eluasemelaenude maht suhtena elamukinnisvara tehingute kogumahtu pole suurenenud (vt joonis 3.2.6).
Households responded to the higher uncertainty by starting to increase their savings from the first half of 2007. 
Majapidamised reageerisid kasvanud ebakindlusele sellega, et hakkasid alates 2007. aasta esimesest poolest sääste suurendama.
Households are taking ever larger amounts in housing loans and car leases 
Majapidamised võtavad eluasemelaene ja autoliisinguid üha suuremas mahus
Households mainly take consumer loans and businesses take relatively short-term investment loans. 
Majapidamised võtavad enamasti tarbimislaene ning äriühingud suhteliselt lühiajalisi investeerimislaene.
Household activity on the loan and real estate market 
Majapidamiste aktiivsus laenu- ja kinnisvaraturul
The supply of car leases to households was 31% higher than in 2011, which is a consequence of lease agreements that were signed in the years of rapid economic growth being renewed (see Figure 3.8). 
Majapidamiste autoliisingu käive kasvas möödunud aastal 2011. aastaga võrreldes 31%, mis on seletatav kiire majanduskasvu aastatel võetud autoliisingute uuendamisega (vt joonis 3.8).
New sales of car leases to households have been around 40% higher in the last two months than the average for last year, which has partly been because of changes that were introduced last year to the taxation of company cars. 
Majapidamiste autoliisingu uusmüük on seejuures olnud kahel viimasel kuul ligikaudu 40% suurem kui eelmisel aastal keskmiselt.
Conservative behaviour, conditioned by uncertainty about the future, is reflected in the indicators characterising the financial position of households. 
Majapidamiste ebakindlatest tulevikuväljavaadetest tingitud konservatiivsem käitumine peegeldub selgelt majapidamiste finantspositsiooni näitajates.
Stock of non-housing household loans/leasing 
Majapidamiste eluasemega mitteseotud laenude ja liisingu jääk
Interest margins for household mortgage loans ( 3-month moving average ) 
Majapidamiste eluasemelaenude intressimarginaal ( 3 kuu libisev keskmine )
Household car leases turnover and car 
Majapidamiste eluasemelaenude käive
The average interest rate on household housing loans had decreased to 4.2% in March, owing to the decline in the key interest rate in the fourth quarter of 2008. 
Majapidamiste eluasemelaenude keskmine intressimäär on 2008. aasta viimases kvartalis toimunud baasintressimäära languse tõttu vähenenud, ulatudes märtsis 4,2% le.
The housing loan portfolio for households was about the same size as in the previous year throughout 2014. 
Majapidamiste eluasemelaenude portfell oli 2014. aastal ligikaudu sama suur kui eelneval aastal.
Interest margins for household mortgage 
Majapidamiste eluasemelaenude
In the near future, the housing loan demand of households will be affected by real estate price developments. 
Majapidamiste eluasemelaenunõudlust mõjutab lähiajal kinnisvarahindade areng.
The cautious attitude of households towards lending can still be seen in the continuing decline in non-housing loans. 
Majapidamiste endiselt üsna ettevaatlikku laenukäitumist iseloomustab mitte-eluasemelaenude jätkuv vähenemine.
Energy costs for households came down further in the first months of the year as prices fell for heating and for natural gas. 
Majapidamiste energia odavnes aasta esimestel kuudel edasi tänu soojusenergia ja maagaasi hinna langusele.
Energy was 4.9% more expensive for households in August than a year earlier in consequence of the rise in the electricity price. 
Majapidamiste energia oli augustis elektrihinna tõusu tõttu aastatagusest 4,9% kallim.
Households’ cautious investment decisions and the growing uncertainty about the future has largely affected the development of the life insurance market. 
Majapidamiste ettevaatlikkus investeerimisotsuste tegemisel ning süvenev ebakindlus tuleviku suhtes on eelkõige mõjutanud elukindlustusturu arengut.
Financial Conduct and Risks of Households 
Majapidamiste finantskäitumine ja riskid
The financial behaviour of households has become notably more conservative over the past year. 
Majapidamiste finantskäitumine on viimase aasta jooksul muutunud tunduvalt konservatiivsemaks.
The financial behaviour of households 
Majapidamiste finantskäitumine
The main determinants of households’ financial behaviour include low key interest rates with extremely low interest margins arising from banks’ loan marketing campaigns. 
Majapidamiste finantskäitumise kujundamisel on keskseteks teguriteks olnud madalad baasintressid koos pankade laenukampaaniates väga madalaks viidud intressimarginaaliga.
Data on the financial behaviour of households still confirm that households with credit are better off than average Estonian households. 
Majapidamiste finantskäitumist puudutavad andmed kinnitavad jätkuvalt, et laene omavad majapidamised on keskmisest paremalt järjel.
The growth of households’ financial liabilities was outstanding both in 2004 and 2005. 
Majapidamiste finantskohustuste kasv oli 2004. ja 2005. aastal märkimisväärne.
The decline in household financial liabilities is, above all, caused by a decrease in borrowings. 
Majapidamiste finantskohustuste vähenemise taga on eelkõige laenukohustuste mahu kahanemine.
Financial position and savings 
Majapidamiste finantspositsioon ja säästmine
The financial account shows that the financial position of households continues to improve. 
Majapidamiste finantspositsioon on finantskonto andmeil jätkuvalt paranenud.
Financial position of households 
Majapidamiste finantspositsioon
In line with favourable macroeconomic developments the current situation and growth forecasts of households’ financial buffers may be considered relatively good. 
Majapidamiste finantspuhvrite hetkeseisu ja kasvuprognoose võib pidada suhteliselt heaks.
Households' financial position is stronger than three years ago: deposits are larger and loans smaller. 
Majapidamiste finantsseis on kindlamal alusel kui kolme aasta eest: hoiused on kasvanud ja laenud vähenenud.
The financial position of households has also been improved by growth in deposits, which has been slowing down for two years now but still remains at 6% in annual terms (see Figure 2.3.4). 
Majapidamiste finantsseisu on parandanud ka hoiuste kasv, mis on küll juba teist aastat aeglustunud, kuid püsib aastases võrdluses ligi 6% juures (vt joonis 2.3.4).
Household financial assets and liabilities (EEK bn and % of GDP) 
Majapidamiste finantsvarad ja -kohustused (mld kr ja % SKPst)
Household financial assets and liabilities 
Majapidamiste finantsvarad ja -kohustused
Household financial assets and liabilites 
Majapidamiste finantsvarad ja
Supported by growth in deposits, household financial assets increased by 
Majapidamiste finantsvarad suurenesid eelkõige hoiuste kasvu toel
The growth of households’ financial assets has accelerated during recent years, supported mainly by the faster deposit growth. 
Majapidamiste finantsvarade kasvutempo on viimastel aastatel suurenenud, mida on eelkõige toetanud hoiuste kasvutempo kiirenemine.
The financial assets of households increased again in 2014 as cash and deposits increased. 
Majapidamiste finantsvarade maht kasvas 2014. aastal endiselt tänu sularaha ja hoiuste kasvule.
Initially, indicators describing the financial assets and liabilities of households led to contradictory results. 
Majapidamiste finantsvarasid ja -kohustusi kirjeldavad näitajad viisid esmapilgul vastukäivate tulemusteni.
Besides considering the debt level in assessing the vulnerability of households, it is essential to analyse the amount and changes of loan servicing costs. 
Majapidamiste haavatavuse hindamisel on võlataseme kõrval olulisem analüüsida laenuteenin- damiskulude suurust ja muutusi.
The good economic situation of households has improved savings as well as borrowing abilities. 
Majapidamiste hea majanduslik olukord on parandanud nii säästmis- kui ka laenuvõimet.
Households’ fear of unemployment has been decreasing steadily and the increase in saving prospects has grown significantly. 
Majapidamiste hirm töötuks jääda on järjepidevalt alanenud ning säästmise suurenemise tõenäosus selgelt kasvanud.
Household sentiment may change quickly upon the appearance of first positive signs (e.g., labour market deterioration stops, credit conditions ease, etc) and this could give an impetus to the real estate market. 
Majapidamiste hoiakud võivad vähegi positiivsemate märkide korral (tööturu olukorra halvenemine peatub, laenutingimused leevenevad vms) kiiresti muutuda, misläbi aktiviseerub ka eluasemeturg.
As a result, household deposits increased by 8% during 2014. 
Majapidamiste hoiused kasvasid seetõttu 2014. aastal üle 8%.
Household deposits in domestic banks (EEK m) and deposit growth 
Majapidamiste hoiused kodumaistes pankades (mln kr) ja hoiuste kasv
Household deposits in domestic banks and deposit growth 
Majapidamiste hoiused kodumaistes pankades ja hoiuste kasv
Household deposits also grew and were up 6.5% on the year. 
Majapidamiste hoiused suurenesid samuti ja kasvasid aastaga 6,5%.
Household deposits 
Majapidamiste hoiused
year-on-year, growth in household deposits with banks operating in estonia has slowed down, but it was nevertheless relatively strong at 9%, despite low interest rates (see Figure 14). 
majapidamiste hoiuste kasv Eestis tegutsevate pankade kontodel on aastatagusega võrreldes aeglustunud, kuid püsib väga madalatele intressimääradele vaatamata siiski võrdlemisi kõrgel 9% tasemel (vt joonis 14).
The growth in household deposits last year came mainly from large deposits, as it had in the previous two years (see Figure 3.2.3). 
Majapidamiste hoiuste kasv tulenes möödunud aastal, nagu ka paaril varasemal aastal, peamiselt suurte hoiuste arvelt (vt joonis 3.2.3).
The growth in household deposits was driven by the rise in the incomes of wage earners. 
Majapidamiste hoiuste kasvu mõjutas palgasaajate sissetulekute suurenemine.
Monthly change and breakdown of household deposits 
Majapidamiste hoiuste kuine muutus ja struktuur
Household deposits by size of deposit 
Majapidamiste hoiuste maht hoiuse suuruse järgi
Household deposits have grown slightly faster this year compared to earlier periods but to preserve the solvency of borrowers, saving should continue to increase at a sufficient rate. 
Majapidamiste hoiuste maht on käesoleval aastal varasemaga võrreldes mõnevõrra kiiremini kasvanud, kuid laenuvõtjate maksevõime säilitamiseks peaks säästmine ka edaspidi piisavas tempos kasvama.
Household deposits have slightly grown over the last six months, whereas the stock of loans has decreased. 
Majapidamiste hoiuste maht on viimase poole aasta jooksul mõnevõrra suurenenud, laenujääk aga vähenenud.
Households’ loan-based expenditure has been notably curbed, yet, their deposit volume has remained stable irrespective of tense budgets. 
majapidamiste hoiuste maht püsinud stabiilne ning laenukapitalile tuginevaid kulutusi on märkimisväärselt vähendatud.
Household deposits increased by 1 billion kroons in the first quarter of 2009, whereas household loans decreased by around 1.6 billion kroons. 
Majapidamiste hoiuste maht suurenes 2009. aasta I kvartalis 1 miljardi krooni võrra, majapidamiste võetud laenud aga vähenesid ligikaudu 1,6 miljardi krooni võrra.
Households' buildings and facilities 
Majapidamiste hooned-rajatised
The interest burden of households, which is the ratio between the annual interest payments of their loans and disposable income, was 2.2% at the end of 2013, which is 0.5 percentage points less than a year earlier (see Figure 2.3.6). 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus ehk nende laenumaksete aastase intressikulu ja kasutada oleva tulu suhe oli 2013. aasta lõpus 2,2% ehk 0,5 protsendipunkti madalam kui aasta varem (vt joonis 2.3.6).
The interest burden of households, which is the ratio between the annual loan interest payments and disposable income, was 2.3% in the second quarter of last year, which is 0.9 percentage points less than a year ago (see Figure 2.3.6). 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus ehk nende laenumaksete aastase intressikulu ja kasutatava tulu suhe oli selle aasta teises kvartalis 2,3% ehk 0,9 protsendipunkti madalam kui aasta tagasi (vt joonis 2.3.6).
Household interest burden and disposable income 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus ja kasutatav tulu
The household interest burden at the end of last year was less than one third of what it was at its peak in 2008. 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus oli möödunud aasta lõpus 2008. aasta lõpu kõrgeima tasemega võrreldes rohkem kui kolm korda madalam.
Interest burden in selected Nordic and EU countries (% of household net disposable income) 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus valitud Põhjamaades ja ELi riikides (% majapidamiste kasutatavast tulust)
Interest burden of households 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus
The household interest burden was affected by the mild growth in loan liabilities and the fall in base interest rates, and remained at 2% throughout the year. 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus, mida on mõjutanud laenukohustuste mõõdukas kasv ja baas-intressimäärade langus, püsis kogu möödunud aasta jooksul 2% juures.
Households’ interest rate burden8 rose to 2.4% at the end of the year (see Figure 2.24). 
Majapidamiste intressikoormus8 kerkis aasta lõpus 2,4%ni (vt joonis 2.24).
The interest margins paid by households rose slightly in 2013, while those for companies remained where they were at the start of the year. 
Majapidamiste intressimarginaalid 2013. aastal veidi tõusid ja ettevõtete omad jäid aasta alguse tasemele.