natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Given the current economic developments in UE and in the world, the relevance of the impact of the company tax systems on economic activities, we need then to consider the issue in terms of economic efficiency where company taxation in the Internal Market should: contribute to the international competitiveness of EU businesses in line with the goals of the Lisbon strategy; ensure that tax considerations distort as little as possible economic decisions by operators; avoid unnecessary or unduly high compliance costs and tax obstacles to cross-border economic activity; create the conditions for a level-playing field for all the companies operating in the Internal Market; promote investment; not hinder the possibility of general tax competition while tackling its all harmful or economically undesirable forms.
Given the current economic developments in UE and in the world, the relevance of the impact of the company tax systems on economic activities, we need then to consider the issue in terms of economic efficiency where company taxation in the Internal Market should: contribute to the international competitiveness of EU businesses in line with the goals of the Lisbon strategy; ensure that tax considerations distort as little as possible economic decisions by operators; avoid unnecessary or unduly high compliance costs and tax obstacles to cross-border economic activity; create the conditions for a level-playing field for all the companies operating in the Internal Market; promote investment; not hinder the possibility of general tax competition while tackling its all harmful or economically undesirable forms.
To achieve all these objectives the introduction of a CCCTB at EU level will be the best solution.
To achieve all these objectives the introduction of a CCCTB at EU level will be the best solution.
A CCCTB would provide companies with establishments in at least two MS with the possibility to compute their group taxable income according to one set of rules - those of the new EU tax base.
A CCCTB would provide companies with establishments in at least two MS with the possibility to compute their group taxable income according to one set of rules - those of the new EU tax base.
It would be independent of national corporate tax laws (parallel existence) and allocated to individual MS according to a specific formula.
It would be independent of national corporate tax laws (parallel existence) and allocated to individual MS according to a specific formula.
Each country would then apply its own corporate tax rate to its share of the tax base.
Each country would then apply its own corporate tax rate to its share of the tax base.
The sharing mechanism should be kept as straightforward as possible not to 'claw back' the benefits stemming from consolidated provisions.
The sharing mechanism should be kept as straightforward as possible not to 'claw back' the benefits stemming from consolidated provisions.
Developing appropriate, proportionate and fair formula for sharing mechanisms should remain one of the top positions on the agenda.
Developing appropriate, proportionate and fair formula for sharing mechanisms should remain one of the top positions on the agenda.
Since having the same tax rules in each state but without consolidation would provide companies with fewer benefits (issues such as transfer pricing would remain), development of a common tax base should therefore be followed by development of an accounting consolidation method, as the ones provided for in the International Accounting Standards (IAS) are agreed not to be suitable for tax purposes (many of consolidated accounts include the results of non-EU subsidiaries, financial accounting is never going to fully meet the requirements of the tax base, despite recent standardisation of national accounting standards) although compulsory use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for consolidated accounts from 2005 onwards (former IAS
Since having the same tax rules in each state but without consolidation would provide companies with fewer benefits (issues such as transfer pricing would remain), development of a common tax base should therefore be followed by development of an accounting consolidation method, as the ones provided for in the International Accounting Standards (IAS) are agreed not to be suitable for tax purposes (many of consolidated accounts include the results of non-EU subsidiaries, financial accounting is never going to fully meet the requirements of the tax base, despite recent standardisation of national accounting standards) although compulsory use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for consolidated accounts from 2005 onwards (former IAS
Regulation (EC) No. 1606/2002. ), could represent a neutral starting point for considering a common tax base.
Regulation (EC) No. 1606/2002. ), could represent a neutral starting point for considering a common tax base.
The Commission would however prefer to develop tax specific methods of consolidating group companies' accounts rather than using the IFRS.
The Commission would however prefer to develop tax specific methods of consolidating group companies' accounts rather than using the IFRS.
Although the new approach would go some way to abolition of the current system of separate accounting for EU cross-border transactions within a group of companies and thus deprive MS of the impression of being able to exercise full sovereignty in deciding which tax rule to apply, it should be noticed that in reality their decisions regarding tax bases have long been dependant on each other.
Although the new approach would go some way to abolition of the current system of separate accounting for EU cross-border transactions within a group of companies and thus deprive MS of the impression of being able to exercise full sovereignty in deciding which tax rule to apply, it should be noticed that in reality their decisions regarding tax bases have long been dependant on each other.
It must be therefore clearly stated that idea of developing common tax base is rather to create more efficient set of rule for taxation rather than reduce its level in any way.
It must be therefore clearly stated that idea of developing common tax base is rather to create more efficient set of rule for taxation rather than reduce its level in any way.
Tax rates would remain a matter for the individual MS and establishing common, even minimum corporate tax rate is not under question here.
Tax rates would remain a matter for the individual MS and establishing common, even minimum corporate tax rate is not under question here.
There is question of parliamentary scrutiny both at the national and European level in the field of auditing and taxation of companies.
There is question of parliamentary scrutiny both at the national and European level in the field of auditing and taxation of companies.
Since IAS/IFRS board is a private body, there might be a better way for enhancing parliamentary scrutiny with further development of EU accounting directives with extension to taxation, rather than simply endorsing the rules of IAS/IFRS.
Since IAS/IFRS board is a private body, there might be a better way for enhancing parliamentary scrutiny with further development of EU accounting directives with extension to taxation, rather than simply endorsing the rules of IAS/IFRS.
b) Pilot project: Home Tax Based Scheme for SMEs
b) Pilot project: Home Tax Based Scheme for SMEs
Recommendation 2003/361/EC.
Recommendation 2003/361/EC.
More than ten years after its creation, the Internal Market is still far from being exploited to its full extent by Europe's SMEs.
More than ten years after its creation, the Internal Market is still far from being exploited to its full extent by Europe's SMEs.
Taxation and in particular tax-driven compliance costs are one of the main reasons for this collective failure.
Taxation and in particular tax-driven compliance costs are one of the main reasons for this collective failure.
Economic research shows that the costs for complying with the tax laws of another Member State are drastically and disproportionately higher for SMEs than for larger companies.
Economic research shows that the costs for complying with the tax laws of another Member State are drastically and disproportionately higher for SMEs than for larger companies.
Thus, it is no surprise that SMEs hesitate to create establishments abroad, even when this would be otherwise economically sensible.
Thus, it is no surprise that SMEs hesitate to create establishments abroad, even when this would be otherwise economically sensible.
In order to help SMEs to expand in the Internal Market, the Commission intends to issue a recommendation for a Home State Taxation (HST) pilot scheme for SMEs based on the idea of voluntary mutual recognition of tax rules.
In order to help SMEs to expand in the Internal Market, the Commission intends to issue a recommendation for a Home State Taxation (HST) pilot scheme for SMEs based on the idea of voluntary mutual recognition of tax rules.
On the basis of this recommendation, the MS will conclude multi- or bilateral agreements.
On the basis of this recommendation, the MS will conclude multi- or bilateral agreements.
The proposal does not entail any form of tax harmonisation.
The proposal does not entail any form of tax harmonisation.
The Commission's recommendation will propose to small enterprises of participating MS to calculate their taxable income (tax base) according to the rules of their home country (where the seat of the parent company is located).
The Commission's recommendation will propose to small enterprises of participating MS to calculate their taxable income (tax base) according to the rules of their home country (where the seat of the parent company is located).
The taxable income will then be divided among all MS where a company has business activities in proportion of its payroll and/or turnover in each country.
The taxable income will then be divided among all MS where a company has business activities in proportion of its payroll and/or turnover in each country.
This share will be taxed in accordance with each country's own corporate tax rate.
This share will be taxed in accordance with each country's own corporate tax rate.
Therefore, the loss of the sovereignty for MS would be limited and required political effort relatively small.
Therefore, the loss of the sovereignty for MS would be limited and required political effort relatively small.
The initiative is limited in time and scope including only corporate tax.
The initiative is limited in time and scope including only corporate tax.
It also does not include sectors that are subject to specific tax rules (financial services, oil and gas, shipping, agricultural activities).
It also does not include sectors that are subject to specific tax rules (financial services, oil and gas, shipping, agricultural activities).
The HST scheme is expected to reveal specific tax compliance problems of SMEs hampering them most in their cross-border business, test potential benefits stemming from the project rather than permanently overhaul existing taxation practices.
The HST scheme is expected to reveal specific tax compliance problems of SMEs hampering them most in their cross-border business, test potential benefits stemming from the project rather than permanently overhaul existing taxation practices.
Tax competition vs. consolidation
Tax competition vs. consolidation
The claim that tax competition may be harmful is contentious.
The claim that tax competition may be harmful is contentious.
While many economists tend to regard tax competition as harmful, empirical evidence of a 'race to the bottom' is limited.
While many economists tend to regard tax competition as harmful, empirical evidence of a 'race to the bottom' is limited.
The latter is also mentioned in the Report of Benedetto Della Vedova
The latter is also mentioned in the Report of Benedetto Della Vedova
( COM(2001)0260 – C5‑0597/2001 – 2001/2248(COS) ); , in which he stated that although there had been competition between tax systems, there was no evidence of 'race to the bottom' process and tax revenues had been rising steadily.
( COM(2001)0260 – C5‑0597/2001 – 2001/2248(COS) ); , in which he stated that although there had been competition between tax systems, there was no evidence of 'race to the bottom' process and tax revenues had been rising steadily.
Contradictory statements are included in the OECD Report of 1998 on Harmful Tax Competition as a side-effect of the globalisation process that can lead to potential distortions in the patterns of trade and investment.
Contradictory statements are included in the OECD Report of 1998 on Harmful Tax Competition as a side-effect of the globalisation process that can lead to potential distortions in the patterns of trade and investment.
Proliferation of such practices is likely not only to erode national tax bases of other countries but also hamper their redistributive goals.
Proliferation of such practices is likely not only to erode national tax bases of other countries but also hamper their redistributive goals.
By a simple 'spill-over' effect countries may be forced to modify their tax bases.
By a simple 'spill-over' effect countries may be forced to modify their tax bases.
After almost 40 years of debating, the EU has finally adopted the European Company Statute (Societas Europeae - SE), being an optional solution for companies operating in more than one MS and granting them possibility of establishing themselves as a single European company.
After almost 40 years of debating, the EU has finally adopted the European Company Statute (Societas Europeae - SE), being an optional solution for companies operating in more than one MS and granting them possibility of establishing themselves as a single European company.
Although the SE is a great achievement, lack of progress in the field of taxation risks undermining its position as in corporate taxation terms the SE is treated as a multinational company and is therefore subject to the tax regime of the national legislation applicable to the company itself and its subsidiaries.
Although the SE is a great achievement, lack of progress in the field of taxation risks undermining its position as in corporate taxation terms the SE is treated as a multinational company and is therefore subject to the tax regime of the national legislation applicable to the company itself and its subsidiaries.
The new corporate form is thus in danger of being under-used due to lack of the European tax system matching its European corporate form.
The new corporate form is thus in danger of being under-used due to lack of the European tax system matching its European corporate form.
This can therefore result in a situation when, without appropriate tax treatment as the application of the CCCTB most companies would most probably not see advantages of using this new legal facility.
This can therefore result in a situation when, without appropriate tax treatment as the application of the CCCTB most companies would most probably not see advantages of using this new legal facility.
Therefore, if not coupled with measures in the area of corporate taxation, the SE Statute will not change much for cross-border business in the EU.
Therefore, if not coupled with measures in the area of corporate taxation, the SE Statute will not change much for cross-border business in the EU.
V. Directive on Services
V. Directive on Services
Tax-relevant provisions, although indirect, can also be found in three articles of the Commission’s proposal of Directive on Services, covering non-discriminatory practices for service providers, also to include fiscal discrimination.
Tax-relevant provisions, although indirect, can also be found in three articles of the Commission’s proposal of Directive on Services, covering non-discriminatory practices for service providers, also to include fiscal discrimination.
More specifically, the articles seek to guarantee free movement of services referring, on one hand, to the prohibited requirements pertaining to the freedom of establishment of service providers which cannot be imposed by a MS in which a service provider wishes to launch his activities.
More specifically, the articles seek to guarantee free movement of services referring, on one hand, to the prohibited requirements pertaining to the freedom of establishment of service providers which cannot be imposed by a MS in which a service provider wishes to launch his activities.
On the other, they focus on discriminatory requirements that may not be imposed on services recipients (like tax deductibility).
On the other, they focus on discriminatory requirements that may not be imposed on services recipients (like tax deductibility).
They also touch upon differentiation between two legal forms of companies operating abroad, foreign subsidiaries and foreign branches, that might be considered as an obstacle to the freedom of establishment as it restricts the freedom of choice between different legal structures of operations abroad.
They also touch upon differentiation between two legal forms of companies operating abroad, foreign subsidiaries and foreign branches, that might be considered as an obstacle to the freedom of establishment as it restricts the freedom of choice between different legal structures of operations abroad.
In this aspect introduction of CCCTB would most certainly facilitate completion of the Internal Market and go in line with Article 94 of the EC Treaty providing for approximation of the national laws on direct taxation should they impact on the functioning of the common market (free movement of goods, persons, capital and services).
In this aspect introduction of CCCTB would most certainly facilitate completion of the Internal Market and go in line with Article 94 of the EC Treaty providing for approximation of the national laws on direct taxation should they impact on the functioning of the common market (free movement of goods, persons, capital and services).
Ettevõtjate maksustamine Euroopa Liidus – ettevõtete ühine konsolideeritud tulumaksubaas
Taxation of undertakings in the European Union: a common consolidated corporate tax base
Ettepanek võtta vastu nõukogu määrus, millega muudetakse määrust (EÜ) nr 3317/94, mis käsitleb kalastuslubade taotluste edasiandmist kolmandatele riikidele
on the proposal for a Council regulation amending Regulation (EC) No 3317/94 as regards the transmission of applications for fishing licences to third countries
ettepaneku kohta võtta vastu nõukogu määrus, millega muudetakse määrust (EÜ) nr 3317/94, mis käsitleb kalastuslubade taotluste edasiandmist kolmandatele riikidele
on the proposal for a Council regulation on amending Regulation (EC) No 3317/94 as regards the transmission of applications for fishing licences to third countries
– võttes arvesse komisjoni ettepanekut nõukogule ( KOM(2005)0238 )
– having regard to the Commission proposal to the Council ( COM(2005)0238 )
– võttes arvesse EÜ asutamislepingu artiklit 37, mille alusel nõukogu konsulteeris Euroopa Parlamendiga ( C6‑0201/2005 );
– having regard to Article 37 of the EC Treaty, pursuant to which the Council consulted Parliament ( C6‑0201/2005 ),
– võttes arvesse kalanduskomisjoni raportit ( A6‑0387/2005 ),
– having regard to the report of the Committee on Fisheries ( A6‑0387/2005 ),
Before a fisheries protocol comes into being, a series of administrative acts and bureaucratic procedures have to be completed from the time when the mandate is adopted or when negotiations are opened with the third country, which means a lengthy process.
Before a fisheries protocol comes into being, a series of administrative acts and bureaucratic procedures have to be completed from the time when the mandate is adopted or when negotiations are opened with the third country, which means a lengthy process.
As explained in the explanatory memorandum to the Commission proposal, once the negotiations have been completed, the parties sign both the text of the new protocol and an exchange of letters on its provisional application.
As explained in the explanatory memorandum to the Commission proposal, once the negotiations have been completed, the parties sign both the text of the new protocol and an exchange of letters on its provisional application.
The objective of this provisional application is to avoid any interruption to the fishing activities of the Community fleet between the expiry date of the previous protocol and the entry into force of the new protocol.
The objective of this provisional application is to avoid any interruption to the fishing activities of the Community fleet between the expiry date of the previous protocol and the entry into force of the new protocol.
Once the documents have been signed, the Commission opens the procedure required to produce the formal Commission proposal which is transmitted to the Council for adoption.
Once the documents have been signed, the Commission opens the procedure required to produce the formal Commission proposal which is transmitted to the Council for adoption.
This procedure comprises two strands:
This procedure comprises two strands:
(a) a proposal for a Council regulation, which requires Parliament's opinion, and
(a) a proposal for a Council regulation, which requires Parliament's opinion, and
(b) a proposal for a Council decision allocating the fishing opportunities among the Member States and approving the exchange of letters on the provisional application of the protocol.
(b) a proposal for a Council decision allocating the fishing opportunities among the Member States and approving the exchange of letters on the provisional application of the protocol.
Current situation and difficulties
Current situation and difficulties
This procedure is now becoming increasingly lengthy, since it includes a range of administrative steps which have been further complicated by the need to produce the requisite translations in the EU's 21 official languages (which are set to become 23 in 2007), even before the Commission formally consults Parliament.
This procedure is now becoming increasingly lengthy, since it includes a range of administrative steps which have been further complicated by the need to produce the requisite translations in the EU's 21 official languages (which are set to become 23 in 2007), even before the Commission formally consults Parliament.
Once Parliament has been consulted, our institution is also faced with its own administrative and timetabling constraints (a calendar of committee meetings which is difficult to modify, other committees wishing to deliver an opinion, the inevitable translation and internal revision problems and plenary agendas which are already stretched).
Once Parliament has been consulted, our institution is also faced with its own administrative and timetabling constraints (a calendar of committee meetings which is difficult to modify, other committees wishing to deliver an opinion, the inevitable translation and internal revision problems and plenary agendas which are already stretched).
All these factors (and not only the fact that the date on which negotiations end depends on the third country, as the Commission states), combined with the administrative requirements and calendar of the third institution involved, the Council, mean that in the majority of cases not even the 'shortcut' offered by the provisional application of the protocol allows the fleet to fish without interruption between the ending of one protocol and the start of the next.
All these factors (and not only the fact that the date on which negotiations end depends on the third country, as the Commission states), combined with the administrative requirements and calendar of the third institution involved, the Council, mean that in the majority of cases not even the 'shortcut' offered by the provisional application of the protocol allows the fleet to fish without interruption between the ending of one protocol and the start of the next.