natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
« The Democratic Accountability of the European Central Bank » , BNL Quarterly Review , June 1998
&bdquo; The Democratic Accountability of the European Central Bank &rdquo; , BNL Quarterly Review , juuni 1998
« Financial Stability » , Kredit und Kapital , 2000 ( with D. Gros )
&bdquo; Financial Stability &rdquo; , Kredit und Kapital , 2000 ( kaasautor D. Gros )
« Monetary and Fiscal Policy Co-operation : Institutions and Procedures in EMU » , Journal of Common Market Studies , vol. 38 , no. 3 , pp. 375-391 , September 2000 ( with C. Casini )
&bdquo; Monetary and Fiscal Policy Co-operation : Institutions and Procedures in EMU &rdquo; , Journal of Common Market Studies , vol 38 , nr 3 , lk 375-391 , september 2000 ( kaasautor C. Casini )
« Towards a Truly European Financial Market » , The International Spectator , vol. XXXV , no. 4 , pp. 21-25 , October-December 2000
&bdquo; Towards a Truly European Financial Market &rdquo; , The International Spectator , vol XXXV , nr 4 , lk 21-25 , oktoober-detsember 2000
« Euro » , Iter Treccani ( Scuola cultura società ) , anno IV , no. 13 , pp. 14-18 , October-December 2001
&bdquo; Euro &rdquo; , Iter Treccani ( Scuola cultura società ) , anno IV , nr 13 , lk 14-18 , oktoober-detsember 2001
« Why Enlarge the EU ?
&bdquo; Why Enlarge the EU ?
A Look at the Macroeconomic Implications » , The International Spectator , vol. XXXVII , no. 2 , pp. 51-63 , April-June 2002
A Look at the Macroeconomic Implications &rdquo; , The International Spectator , vol XXXVII , nr 2 , lk 51-63 , aprill-juuni 2002
« Fiscal Discipline and Policy Coordination in the Eurozone » in Budgetary Policy in EMU : Design and Policy Challenges , The Hague , Ministry of Finance , May 2002
&bdquo; Fiscal Discipline and Policy Coordination in the Eurozone &rdquo; , Budgetary Policy in EMU : Design and Policy Challenges , Haag , Rahandusministeerium , mai 2002
« How to Improve Economic Governance .
&bdquo; How to Improve Economic Governance .
The Coordination of Macroeconomic Policies in Europe » , Aspen European Dialogue , February 2003 ( with G. Tabellini )
The Coordination of Macroeconomic Policies in Europe &rdquo; , Aspen European Dialogue , veebruar 2003 ( kaasautor G. Tabellini )
« The Governance of the International Financial System » in The Future of the International Monetary System , edited by M. Uzan , Elgar , 2004
&bdquo; The Governance of the International Financial System &rdquo; , The Future of the International Monetary System , toimetanud M. Uzan , Elgar , 2004
« The G8 's role in Promoting Financial Stability » in The G8 , The United Nations and Conflict Prevention , edited by J. Kirton and R. Stefanova , Ashgate Publishing , pp. 143-156 , 2004
&bdquo; The G8 &rsquo; s role in Promoting Financial Stability &rdquo; , The G8 , The United Nations and Conflict Prevention , toimetanud J. Kirton ja R. Stefanova , Ashgate Publishing , lk 143-156 , 2004
« A Single European Seat in the IMF ?"
&bdquo; A Single European Seat in the IMF ?
Journal of Common Market Studies , vol. 42 , no. 2 , pp. 229-248 , June 2004
&rdquo; , Journal of Common Market Studies , vol 42 , nr 2 , lk 229-248 , juuni 2004
« What Went Wrong with the Stability and Growth Pact ?"
&bdquo; What Went Wrong with the Stability and Growth Pact ?
in Monetary Union in Europe -- Historical Perspectives and Prospects for the Future , edited by P.B. Sørensen , DJOF Publishing , Copenhagen , 2004
&rdquo; , Monetary Union in Europe &ndash; Historical Perspectives and Prospects for the Future , toimetanud P.B. Sørensen , DJOF Publishing , Kopenhaagen , 2004
« IMF Governance and the Political Economy of a Consolidated European Seat » , in E. M. Truman ( ed .) , Reforming the IMF for the 21st Century .
&bdquo; IMF Governance and the Political Economy of a Consolidated European Seat &rdquo; , E. M. Truman ( toim . ) , Reforming the IMF for the 21st Century .
Special Report 19 .
Eriaruanne nr 19 .
Institute for International Economics , Washington D.C. , April 2006 , pp. 233-255
Institute for International Economics , Washington D.C. , aprill 2006 , lk 233-255
« Powerless Europe .
&bdquo; Powerless Europe .
Why is the Euro Area Still a Political Dwarf » , International Finance 9:2 , 2006 , pp. 261-279
Why is the Euro Area Still a Political Dwarf &rdquo; , International Finance 9:2 , 2006 , lk 261-279
« Economic Forecasting and Monetary Policy » , 80 Years of Business Cycle Studies at DIW Berlin , Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung .
&bdquo; Economic Forecasting and Monetary Policy &rdquo; , 80 Years of Business Cycle Studies at DIW Berlin , Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschsftsforschung .
Jahrgang , Heft 2/2006 , Duncker &amp; Humblot Berlin , 2006 , pp. 54-64
Jahrgang , Heft 2/2006 , Duncker &amp; Humblot Berlin , 2006 , lk 54-64
« Revisiting the European Monetary System Experience : Were Some Members More Equal than Others ?"
&bdquo; Revisiting the European Monetary System Experience : Were Some Members More Equal than Others ?
in Economic Notes , Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA , vol. 35 , no. 2 , 2006 , pp. 151-171 ( with Giovanni Ferri )
&rdquo; , Economic Notes , Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA , vol 35 , nr 2 , 2006 , lk 151-171 ( kaasautor Giovanni Ferri )
« Global Imbalances and Monetary Policy » in Journal of Policy Modeling , 29 , 2007 , pp. 711-727
&bdquo; Global Imbalances and Monetary Policy &rdquo; , Journal of Policy Modeling , 29 , 2007 , lk 711-727
« Independence and Accountability in Supervision : General Principles and European Setting » in Designing Financial Supervision Institutions , edited by Donato Masciandaro and Marc Quintyn , Elgar , 2007 , pp. 41-62
&bdquo; Independence and Accountability in Supervision : General Principles and European Setting &rdquo; , Designing Financial Supervision Institutions , toimetanud Donato Masciandaro ja Marc Quintyn , Elgar , 2007 , lk 41-62
« Real and Nominal Convergence : Policy Challenges in a Monetary Union » , in Currency and Competitiveness in Europe , edited by K. Liebscher , J. Christl , P. Mooslechner , and D. Ritzberger-Grünwald , Elgar , 2008 , pp. 181-194
&bdquo; Real and Nominal Convergence : Policy Challenges in a Monetary Union &rdquo; , Currency and Competitiveness in Europe , toimetanud K. Liebscher , J. Christl , P. Mooslechner ja D. Ritzberger-Grünwald , Elgar , 2008 , lk 181-194
« Real Convergence in Central , Eastern and South-Eastern Europe : a Central Banker &rsquo; s View » , in Real Convergence in Central , Eastern and South-Eastern Europe , edited by R. Martin and A. Winkler , Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 , pp. 11-20
&bdquo; Real Convergence in Central , Eastern and South-Eastern Europe : a Central Banker &rsquo; s View » , Real Convergence in Central , Eastern and South-Eastern Europe , toimetanud R. Martin ja A. Winkler , Palgrave Macmillan , 2009 , lk 11-20
« Conflicts of Interest and the Financial Crisis » , International Finance , 12:1 , 2009 , pp. 93-106
&bdquo; Conflicts of Interest and the Financial Crisis » , International Finance , 12:1 , 2009 , lk 93-106
« The Internationalisation of Currencies &ndash; A Central Banking Perspective » , in The Euro at Ten : the Next Global Currency ?
&bdquo; The Internationalisation of Currencies &ndash; A Central Banking Perspective &rdquo; , The Euro at Ten : the Next Global Currency ?
, edited by J. Pisani-Ferry and A. Posen , 2009 , pp. 23-31
, toimetanud J. Pisani-Ferry ja A. Posen , 2009 , lk 23-31
« Inflation and Deflation Risks : How to Recognize Them ?
&bdquo; Inflation and Deflation Risks : How to Recognize Them ?
How to Avoid Them ?'
How to Avoid Them ?
in Global Crisis and Long Term Growth : A New Capitalism Ahead ?
&rdquo; in Global Crisis and Long Term Growth : A New Capitalism Ahead ?
Navigation Path : Home &gt; The Euro &gt; Coins &gt; France
Navigation Path : Home &gt; Euro &gt; Mündid &gt; Prantsusmaa
Over 1,200 designs were considered for the national side of the French coins .
Prantsuse euro müntide rahvusliku külje kujundus valiti rohkem kui 1200 kavandi hulgast .
A panel chaired by the Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance chose three designs , each for certain specific denominations .
Lõpliku valiku tegi komisjon majandus - ja rahandusministri juhtimisel , valides iga nimiväärtuse jaoks välja kolm kavandit .
The panel consisted of experts in numismatics , artists , a former Member of the European Commission ( Christine Scrivener ) , Members of Parliament , the French Mint Director Emmanuel Constans , the General Engraver Pierre Rodier and the actress Irène Jacob , along with members of professional bodies .
Komisjoni kuulusid numismaatikaeksperdid , kunstnikud , endine Euroopa Komisjoni liige ( Christine Scrivener ) , parlamendiliikmed , Prantsuse rahapaja direktor Emmanuel Constans , graveerija Pierre Rodier , näitleja Irène Jacob ning kutseorganisatsioonide liikmed .
They selected the following designs :
Komisjoni valik oli järgmine :
Euros 1 and Euros 2 coins : a tree , drawn by the artist Joaquim Jimenez , appears on these coins , symbolising life , continuity and growth .
1 - ja 2-eurone : müntidel kujutatakse kunstnik Joaquim Jiminez' i joonistatud puud , mis sümboliseerib elu , järjepidevust ja kasvu .
It is contained in a hexagon and encircled by the motto of the Republic , « Liberté , Egalité , Fraternité » ( Liberty , equality , fraternity ) .
Puud ümbritseb kuusnurk ning riigi moto « Liberté , Egalité , Fraternité » (" Vabadus , võrdsus , vendlus ") .
May - 2035
Mai - 2035
Navigation Path : Home &gt; Publications &gt; Monthly Bulletin &gt; Editorials &gt; 2007 &gt; 18 January 2007
Navigation Path : Home &gt; Publications &gt; Monthly Bulletin &gt; Editorials &gt; 2007 &gt; 18 . jaanuar 2007
18 January 2007 - Monthly Bulletin
18 . jaanuar 2007 - Kuubülletään
On the basis of its regular economic and monetary analyses , at its meeting on 11 January 2007 the Governing Council decided to leave the key ECB interest rates unchanged .
aasta 11 . jaanuari istungil regulaarsete majandus - ja rahapoliitiliste analüüside põhjal otsuse jätta EKP baasintressimäärad muutmata .
The information that has become available since the Governing Council 's decision of 7 December 2006 to raise interest rates has further underpinned the reasoning behind that decision .
Teave , mis avaldati pärast eelmist , 7 . detsembril 2006 toimunud istungit , kus otsustati intresse tõsta , toetab igati eespool nimetatud otsust .
It has also confirmed that very close monitoring of all developments is of the essence so that risks to price stability over the medium term do not materialise .
Jätkuvalt tuleb väga hoolikalt jälgida kõiki arengusuundi , et vältida hinnastabiilsust keskmise aja jooksul ohustavate riskide realiseerumist .
This will permit medium to longer-term inflation expectations in the euro area to remain solidly anchored at levels consistent with price stability .
See aitab hoida keskpikad ja pikemaajalised inflatsiooniootused euroalal kindlalt hinnastabiilsusega kooskõlas oleval tasemel .
The ECB 's monetary policy continues to be accommodative , with the key ECB interest rates remaining at low levels , money and credit growth very strong , and liquidity in the euro area ample by all plausible measures .
EKP rahapoliitika jääb paindlikuks , intressimäärade tase püsib madal , rahamassi ja laenude kasv kiire ning likviidsus euroalal kõigi asjakohaste näitajate alusel suur .
Turning first to the economic analysis , quarter-on-quarter real GDP growth in the euro area was 0.5% in the third quarter of 2006 , after very strong growth in the first half of last year .
Majandusanalüüsi osas märgitakse , et pärast kiiret kasvu 2006 . aasta esimesel poolel oli euroala SKP reaalkasv kolmandas kvartalis eelmise kvartaliga võrreldes 0,5% .
Domestic demand remained the main driver of economic growth , thus confirming the anticipated broadening of the recovery and pointing to the increasingly self-sustaining nature of economic expansion in the euro area .
Majanduskasvu toetas taas peamiselt sisenõudlus . See kinnitab ootust , et majanduse elavnemine hoogustub , ning näitab , et euroala majandus laieneb üha suuremal määral autonoomselt .
Drawing on the latest information , the evidence from various confidence surveys and indicator-based estimates supports the assessment that robust economic growth has continued and that the situation in labour markets has improved further .
Värskeimad andmed , näiteks mitmesugused kindlustundeuuringud ja näitajatel põhinevad hinnangud , kinnitavad seisukohta , et jõuline majanduskasv jätkub ja tööturutingimused on veelgi paranenud .
While some volatility in the quarter-on-quarter growth rates around the turn of the year may be observed -- associated with the impact of changes in indirect taxes in a large euro area country -- the information available continues to be in line with the Governing Council 's baseline scenario . Looking ahead , the medium-term outlook for economic activity continues to be favourable and the conditions remain for the euro area economy to grow solidly , at rates around potential .
Ehkki aastavahetuse paiku võis märgata mõningast kvartaalsete kasvumäärade kõikumist , mis kajastas kaudsete maksude tõstmise mõju ühes suures euroala liikmesriigis , on olemasolev teave jätkuvalt kooskõlas nõukogu põhiprognoosiga . Tulevikku vaadates on majanduskasvu keskpikk väljavaade endiselt soodne ja püsivad eeldused euroala kiireks majanduskasvuks potentsiaalse taseme lähedal .
As for the external environment , global economic growth has become more balanced across regions , with some deceleration in the United States and resilient growth elsewhere .
Väliskeskkonna osas märgitakse , et üleilmne majanduskasv on muutunud piirkondade lõikes tasakaalustatumaks , aeglustudes mõnevõrra Ameerika Ühendriikides ja jätkudes mujal maailmas .
Overall , global growth should remain robust and therefore continue to provide support for euro area exports .
Kokkuvõttes peaks üleilmne majanduskasv jääma kiireks ja toetama seega endiselt euroala eksporti .
Consumption should also strengthen further over time , in line with developments in real disposable income , as employment conditions continue to improve .
Kooskõlas kasutatava tulu arenguga ja tööturutingimuste edasise paranemisega peaks ka tarbimine euroalal hoogustuma .
In the Governing Council 's view , the risks surrounding this broadly favourable outlook for economic growth over the coming years lie mainly on the downside . The main risks relate to fears of a rise in protectionist pressures , the possibility of a renewed increase in oil prices , and concerns about possible disorderly developments due to global imbalances .
Nõukogu leiab , et lähiaastatel ohustavad majanduskasvu soodsat väljavaadet siiski riskid , mis on peamiselt seotud protektsionismisurve suurenemise kartuse , naftahinna võimaliku taaskallinemise ja üleilmsest tasakaalustamatusest tingitud võimalike ebakorrapäraste arengusuundadega .
With regard to price developments , according to Eurostat 's flash estimate , annual HICP inflation was 1.9% in December 2006 , unchanged from the previous month .
Hindade arengu osas märgitakse , et Eurostati esialgse hinnangu kohaselt oli aastane ÜTHI-inflatsioon 2006 . aasta novembris ja detsembris 1,9% .
On account of their volatility over recent months , and owing to base effects , energy prices will continue to play an important role in determining the profile of annual rates of HICP inflation in early 2007 , together with the impact of higher indirect taxes .
ÜTHI-inflatsiooni aastakasvu mõjutavad 2007 . aasta alguses oluliselt kaudsete maksude tõus ja viimaste kuude kõikumise ning baasefektide tõttu ka energiahinnad .
Looking further ahead , annual inflation rates are projected to hover around 2 % over this year and next .
Aastased inflatsioonimäärad püsivad kahe järgmise aasta jooksul tõenäoliselt 2 % lähedal .
In the Governing Council 's view , the outlook for price developments remains subject to upside risks , stemming in particular from a stronger than anticipated pass-through of previous oil price increases , increases in administered prices and indirect taxes beyond those announced thus far , and the possibility of renewed oil price increases .
Nõukogu on seisukohal , et hindade arengu väljavaadet jäävad ohustama hinnatõusuriskid , mis on eelkõige seotud naftahinna varasema kallinemise eeldatust ulatuslikuma ülekandumisega , selle võimaliku uue tõusuga ning riiklikult reguleeritud hindade ja kaudsete maksude täiendava kasvuga .
More fundamentally , given the favourable momentum of real GDP growth over the past few quarters and positive labour market developments , wage dynamics could be stronger than currently expected .
Arvestades viimastes kvartalites hoogustunud SKP reaalkasvu soodsat mõju ja positiivseid märke tööjõuturult , võib palgatõus olla oodatust suurem .
It is therefore crucial that social partners continue to meet their responsibilities .
Seetõttu on oluline , et sotsiaalpartnerid võtaksid neile pandud vastustust jätkuvalt tõsiselt .
In this context , wage agreements should take into account productivity developments , while recognising the still high level of unemployment and price competitiveness positions .
Palgakokkulepete sõlmimisel tuleks arvestada tööviljakuse arengut , pidades silmas endiselt kõrget töötuse määra ja hindade konkurentsivõimet .
As stated on previous occasions , it is also important that wage settlements move away from automatic , backward-looking indexation mechanisms .
Nagu eelnevates juhtkirjades on rõhutatud , tuleks palgakokkulepetes vältida ka automaatsete , tagasivaatavate indekseerimissüsteemide kasutamist .
Turning to the monetary analysis , annual M3 growth rose to 9.3% in November .
Rahapoliitilise analüüsi põhjal võib öelda , et rahaagregaadi M3 aastakasv kiirenes novembris 9,3% ni .
This represents its highest annual rate of growth since the introduction of the euro and , indeed , its strongest aggregate growth in the euro area group of countries since 1990 .
See on märkimisväärseim aastane kasvumäär alates euro kasutuselevõtust ja jõuliseim kogukasv praeguse euroala riikides alates 1990 .
While the significance of monthly figures should not be overstated , as they may also be influenced by temporary factors , the series of strong monetary data over the past couple of months underscore the continued very dynamic underlying rate of broad money expansion in the euro area .
aastast . Ehkki kuiseid näitajaid ei tohiks üle tähtsustada , kuna neid võivad mõjutada ka ajutised tegurid , kinnitavad viimaste kuude rahaagregaatide andmed jätkuvalt väga dünaamilist rahapakkumise kasvu euroalal .
Rising short-term interest rates , in combination with low long-term interest rates , have exerted only a limited influence over monetary developments in recent months .
Arvestades pikaajaliste intressimäärade madalat taset , on lühiajaliste intressimäärade tõus mõjutanud rahapakkumise arengut viimastel kuudel vaid vähesel määral .
This has mainly taken the form of shifts among the components of M3 rather than constraining the overall expansion of M3 itself .
See hõlmas peamiselt struktuurimuutusi M3 komponentides ega piiranud rahaagregaadi enda kasvu .
In particular , over recent months the annual growth rate of M1 has moderated somewhat , reflecting shifts from overnight deposits into other components of M3 that offer higher returns .
Eelkõige on viimastel kuudel veidi aeglustunud M1 aastakasv , kajastades üleminekut üleööhoiustelt muudele , suurema tootlusega M3 komponentidele .
All in all , the rate of monetary and credit expansion remains rapid , reflecting the low level of interest rates and the strengthening of economic activity in the euro area .
Ka rahapakkumise ja laenude kasv on endiselt hoogne , mis näitab , et euroala intressimäärad on madalad ja majandustegevus elavnemas .
In particular , the annual growth rate of loans to the private sector was 11.2% in November , unchanged from the previous month .
Erasektorile väljastatud laenude aastane kasvumäär oli 2006 . aasta oktoobris ja novembris 11,2% .
While -- in the context of rising interest rates -- the growth of household borrowing has shown signs of stabilising in recent months , albeit at very high rates , the growth of borrowing by non-financial corporations continues to trend upwards .
Olukorras , kus intressimäärad tõusevad , on kodumajapidamiste laenamine viimastel kuudel mõnevõrra stabiliseerunud , ehkki laenumaht on endiselt väga suur . Kaupu ja mittefinantsteenuseid pakkuvatele ettevõtetele antavate laenude kasv on jätkuvalt ulatuslik .
Thus , credit continues to expand rapidly and in a broad-based fashion , thereby remaining the main driver of the current strong monetary growth when viewed from the counterpart side of the MFI balance sheet .
Seega suureneb laenude maht endiselt jõuliselt ja laiapõhjaliselt , jäädes rahaloomeasutuste bilansi vastaskirjete seisukohalt rahamassi kiire kasvu peamiseks põhjuseks .
Taking a medium to longer-term perspective , the latest developments are consistent with a continuation of the persistent upward trend in the underlying rate of monetary expansion .
Keskpikas ja pikemaajalises perspektiivis on selline areng kooskõlas rahapakkumise jätkuva kasvuga .
Following several years of robust monetary growth , the liquidity situation in the euro area is ample by all plausible measures .
Pärast mitmeaastast hoogsat rahamassi kasvu on likviidsus euroalal kõigi asjakohaste näitajate kohaselt suur .
Continued strong monetary and credit growth in an environment of ample liquidity point to upside risks to price stability over the medium to longer term .
Euroalal valitsevat ulatuslikku likviidsust arvestades osutab rahapakkumise ja laenude edasine ulatuslik kasv hinnatõusuohule keskpika ja pikema aja jooksul .
To sum up , annual inflation rates are projected to hover around 2 % this year and next , with risks to this outlook remaining on the upside .
Kokkuvõttes püsivad aastased inflatsioonimäärad kahe järgmise aasta jooksul tõenäoliselt 2 % lähedal ja võivad veelgi tõusta .
Given the very strong monetary and credit growth in an environment of already ample liquidity , a cross-check of the outcome of the economic analysis with that of the monetary analysis supports the assessment that upside risks to price stability prevail over the medium to longer term .
Arvestades rahapakkumise ja laenude väga kiiret kasvu suure likviidsuse kontekstis , toetab majandusanalüüsi tulemuste ja rahapoliitilise analüüsi võrdlus hinnangut , et hinnastabiilsust ohustavad riskid jäävad keskpika aja jooksul püsima .
Hence , very close monitoring of all developments is of the essence in order to ensure that risks to price stability over the medium term do not materialise .
Seetõttu tuleb väga hoolikalt jälgida kõiki arengusuundi , et vältida hinnastabiilsust keskmise aja jooksul ohustavate riskide realiseerumist .
As regards fiscal policy , almost all euro area countries have submitted their updated stability programmes .
Eelarvepoliitika osas märgitakse , et peaaegu kõik euroala liikmesriigid on esitanud oma ajakohastatud stabiilsusprogrammid .
While these programmes generally indicate that governments plan to proceed towards sound budgetary positions , there are also indications that budget targets do not consistently imply sufficient consolidation and that concrete and credible measures have not yet been specified in all programmes .
Kuigi neis viidatakse valitsuste kavadele saavutada tugev eelarvepositsioon , võib leida ka märke , et püstitatud eelarvesihid ei näe ette eelarve piisavat konsolideerimist ning kõik programmid ei sisalda veel kindlaid ja usaldusväärseid meetmeid .
These indications are a cause of concern and entail risks for the future .
Need märgid on murettekitavad ja ohustavad edasist arengut .
Against the background of current good times , it is essential that sound budgetary positions are reached in countries with fiscal imbalances and that a pro-cyclical loosening is avoided in all member countries .
Arvestades praegust soodsat keskkonda , on oluline , et tasakaalustamata eelarvega riigid saavutaksid stabiilse eelarveseisundi ja et kõik liikmesriigid väldiksid tsüklilisust toetavat eelarvepositsiooni lõdvendamist .