natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
On this basis, the Commission considers that the compatibility conditions for restructuring aid laid down in the R&R aid Guidelines are not met, because (i) the restructuring plan (submitted in October 2015 and amended in January 2016) was not valid at the outset insofar as it could not ensure the long term viability of CE Hunedoara without further continuous aid and has not been pursued, (ii) there is no discernible own contribution of CE Hunedoara in line with points 62 to 64 of the R&R aid Guidelines, and (iii) no measures limiting distortions of competition in line with points 74 to 86 of the R&R aid Guidelines could be identified.
ANRE aastaaruanded 2013, 2014 ja 2015; kättesaadavad järgmisel veebisaidil: http://www.anre.ro/en/about-anre/annual-reports-archive.
Regarding points 99 to 103 of the R&R aid Guidelines, even though they provide for specific conditions for aid to SGEI providers in difficulty, the Commission comes to the view that the loans under assessment cannot be assessed or taken into account as a compensation for the provision of such services as referred to in point 100 of the R&R aid Guidelines.
Vt ka Transelectrica andmed iga üksuse koguvõimsuse ja kättesaadava ülesseatud tootmisvõimsuse kohta peamiste energiaallikate kaupa; kättesaadavad järgmisel veebisaidil: http://transelectrica.ro/web/tel/productie.
First, it is not claimed nor established that CE Hunedoara has been operating on the basis of valid entrustment acts singling out any justifiable difference with the production of electricity by other electricity generators active in Romania; according to established case law of the European Court of Justice, the presence of a valid entrustment act is an essential condition for state aid to be considered as valid compensation of a Service of General economic Interest.
Äriühing CE Hunedoara, juhatuse aruanded aastate 2013, 2014 ja 2015 kohta; kättesaadavad järgmisel veebisaidil: http://www.cenhd.ro/index.php/situatii-financiare/.
Second, the loans at issue were ad hoc loans for specific purposes and have not been granted with regard to identifiable and justified extra costs of service provision.
OPCOMi aastaaruanded 2013, 2014 ja 2015; kättesaadavad järgmisel veebisaidil: https://www.opcom.ro/compania/compania.php?lang=ro&id=6.
Third, the loan amounts have not been set, individually or cumulatively, on the basis of objective parameters set out in advance and calibrated specifically for the determined costs of the SGEI taking into account all revenues and costs of Hunedoara.
Vt nt seoses juhtumiga otsuses SA.38760 (2016/C) esitatud koormustegurid (ELT C 46, 5.2.2016, lk 19).
Therefore, the Commission cannot, under points 100 and 101 of the R&R aid Guidelines, consider that the loans in question should be regarded as valid compensations under the SGEI Decision or the SGEI Framework.
http://www.cenhd.ro/images/File/Situatii%20financiare/2013/Raportul%20administratorilor%20-%202013.pdf, lk 3.http://www.cenhd.ro/images/File/Situatii%20financiare/2014/Raportul%20administratorilor%20-%202014.pdf, lk 3.http://www.cenhd.ro/images/File/Situatii%20financiare/2015/Raportul%20administratorilor%20-%202015.pdf, lk 11.
Romania has also failed to meet its commitment to legally separate the coal mines from the power generation within CE Hunedoara, which was a commitment it made at the time the rescue aid was approved and which, according to its submissions, could take between six and nine months.
21. aprilli 2015. aasta otsus päästmisabi andmise kohta; põhjendused 14, 16 ja 17.
Two coal mines are receiving operating aid for closure pursuant to the Decision regarding the second aid to coal mines (recital 12 above).
33812 (2012/NN) – Rumeenia – Ebaseaduslik riigiabi kohustuslikele keskkonnaprojektidele.
Romania has argued in its comments to the opening decision that separate accounts are held for the mining and electricity generation activities; however, separate accounts themselves do not prevent cross-financing of the mining activity.
Valitsuse erakorraline määrus nr 26/2018 ja valitsuse otsus nr 760/2017.
Romania did not demonstrate that cross-financing does not occur by e.g. presenting evidence that the use of the State aid only benefits the electricity generation activity.
Komisjoni 31. juuli 2017. aasta rakendusotsus (EL) 2017/1442, millega kehtestatakse Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu direktiivi 2010/75/EL alusel parima võimaliku tehnika (PVT) alased järeldused suurte põletusseadmete jaoks (ELT L 212, 17.8.2017, lk 1).
Absent this necessary evidence, it cannot be excluded that some of the loans covered by the present decision have benefitted directly or indirectly the coal mines of CE Hunedoara, in violation of point 16 of the R&R aid Guidelines which exclude the coal sector from R&R aid.
Vt otsus kohtuasjas C-482/99: Prantsusmaa vs. komisjon (Stardust Marine) (ECLI:EU:C:2002:294).
Finally, it is worth noting that the proceeds from loan granted to repay the incompatible aid remain available to CE Hunedoara.
Otsus kohtuasjas C-248/84: Saksamaa vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:1987:437, punkt 17).
In light of the Deggendorf principle, the accumulation of a non-repaid loan granted to repay earlier incompatible aid with the other three loans, does not allow considering that the possible restructuring aid to CE Hunedoara is compatible with the internal market on the basis of point 94 of the R&R aid Guidelines.
Euroopa Kohtu 19. märtsi 2013. aasta otsus liidetud kohtuasjades C-399/10 P ja C-401/10 P: Bouygues ja Bouygues Télécom vs.komisjon jt (ECLI:EU:C:2013:175, punktid 137, 138 ja 139).
Yet, whilst benefitting from State aid in the form of the loans at issue to the extent that they have not been repaid, CE Hunedoara continues to operate at the detriment of competitors.
Otsus kohtuasjas C-300/16 P: komisjon vs. Frucona Košice (ECLI:EU:C:2017:706, punkt 28).
In conclusion, based on the above, the Commission considers that the BCR and BRD loans contracted for the benefit of CE Hunedoara, jointly assessed with the excessive prolongation of the rescue aid loan transforming it into a restructuring loan and the loan granted to repay the incompatible aid, are incompatible with the internal market.
21. aprilli 2015. aasta otsus päästmisabi andmise kohta; põhjendused 30 ja 31.
As regards the rescue aid loan, in line with point 55(d) of the R&R aid Guidelines, Romania committed to submitting, within maximum six months from the date of the rescue aid decision or the disbursement of the first instalment (recital 54 of the rescue aid decision), either proof that the loan was reimbursed, or a valid restructuring plan, or a substantiated liquidation plan setting out the steps leading to the liquidation of CE Hunedoara within a reasonable time frame, without further aid.
Otsus kohtuasjas T-423/14: Larko Geniki Metalleftiki kai Metallourgiki AE vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:T:2018:57, punkt 193 ja viidatud kohtupraktika).
Romania did not meet this commitment, since (i) the rescue loan has not been fully reimbursed and (ii) Romania was informed that the restructuring plan (submitted by Romania in October 2015 and amended in January 2016) did not ensure that CE Hunedoara could reach long term viability without further continuous aid.
Vt eelkõige otsus kohtuasjas 730/79: Philip Morris vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:1980:209, punkt 11); otsus kohtuasjas C-53/00: Ferring (ECLI:EU:C:2001:627, punkt 21), otsus kohtuasjas C-372/97: Itaalia vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:2004:234, punkt 44).
In addition to the above, the Commission notes that the timeline for the liquidation of CE Hunedoara with a minimum duration of three years, as submitted by Romania in May 2017 (that is 1,5 years after the deadline of October 2015, i.e. six months after granting the rescue aid approved by the rescue aid decision), appears to be rather long.
Otsus kohtuasjas T-214/95: Het Vlaamse Gewest vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:T:1998:77).
From the above the Commission concludes that the prolongation of the rescue aid loan is incompatible with the internal market.
Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 13. juuli 2009. aasta direktiiv 2009/72/EÜ, mis käsitleb elektrienergia siseturu ühiseeskirju ja millega tunnistatakse kehtetuks direktiiv 2003/54/EÜ (ELT L 211, 14.8.2009, lk 55).
RECOVERY
Otsus kohtuasjas C-364/90: Itaalia vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:1993:157, punkt 20).
According to the TFEU and the Court's established case-law, the Commission is competent to decide that the Member State concerned must abolish or alter aid when it has found that it is incompatible with the internal market.
Otsus kohtuasjas C-280/00: Altmark Trans ja Regierungspräsidium Magdeburg vs. Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Altmark (EKL 2003, I-7747).
The Court has also consistently held that the obligation on a Member State to abolish aid regarded by the Commission as being incompatible with the internal market is designed to re-establish the previously existing situation.
Komisjoni 20. detsembri 2011. aasta otsus 2012/21/EL Euroopa Liidu toimimise lepingu artikli 106 lõike 2 kohaldamise kohta üldist majandushuvi pakkuvaid teenuseid osutavatele ettevõtjatele avalike teenuste eest makstava hüvitisena antava riigiabi suhtes (ELT L 7, 11.1.2012, lk 3).
In this context, the Court has established that this objective is attained once the recipient has repaid the amounts granted by way of unlawful aid, thus forfeiting the advantage which it had enjoyed over its competitors on the market, and the situation prior to the payment of the aid is restored.
Komisjoni teatis – Euroopa Liidu raamistik riigiabi jaoks, mida antakse avalike teenuste eest makstava hüvitisena (2011) (ELT C 8, 11.1.2012, lk 15).
In this regard, Article 16(1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2015/1589 states that ‘where negative decisions are taken in cases of unlawful aid, the Commission shall decide that the Member State concerned shall take all necessary measures to recover the aid from the beneficiary […]’.
Otsus liidetud kohtuasjades T-244/93 ja T-486/93: TWD Deggendorf vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:T:1995:160, punkt 56).
Thus, (i) the BCR loan (ii) the BRD loan, (iii) the loan to repay the incompatible aid and (iv) the rescue aid loan — which became unlawful as from the moment when the rescue aid was not repaid within six months after its granting and/or disbursement- were implemented in violation of Article 108(3) TFEU, and are to be considered as unlawful and incompatible aid, they must be recovered in order to re-establish the situation that existed on the market prior to their granting.
Vt otsus kohtuasjas C-70/72: komisjon vs. Saksamaa (ECLI:EU:C:1973:87, punkt 13).
Recovery should cover the time from when the advantage accrued to the beneficiary, that is to say when the aid in the form of principal amount of loans was unlawfully put at the disposal of the beneficiary, until effective recovery, and the sums to be recovered should bear interest until effective recovery.
Vt otsus liidetud kohtuasjades C-278/92, C-279/92 ja C-280/92: Hispaania vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:1994:325, punkt 75).
The recovery interest is distinct from the contractual interest, the interest for late payments or other related sums related to the loans at issue owed by Hunedoara to the State.
Vt otsus kohtuasjas C-75/97: Belgia vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:1999:311, punktid 64 ja 65).
In accordance with established case-law, the insolvency of the beneficiary and its inability to repay the aid do not constitute a valid reason for exempting it from its obligation to reimburse the aid.
Nõukogu määrus (EL) 2015/1589, 13. juuli 2015, millega kehtestatakse üksikasjalikud eeskirjad Euroopa Liidu toimimise lepingu artikli 108 kohaldamiseks (ELT L 248, 24.9.2015, lk 9).
In this case, restoring the situation prior to the payment of the aid and removing the distortion of competition can in principle be achieved by registering the liability relating to the repayment of the aid in the schedule of liabilities as part of the court-supervised liquidation procedure.
Euroopa Kohtu 29. aprilli 2004. aasta otsus kohtuasjas C-277/00: Saksamaa vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:2004:238, punkt 85); Euroopa Kohtu 15. jaanuari 1986. aasta otsus kohtuasjas C-52/84: komisjon vs. Belgia (ECLI:EU:C:1986:3, punkt 14); Euroopa Kohtu 21. märtsi 1990. aasta otsus kohtuasjas C-142/87: Belgia vs. komisjon (ECLI:EU:C:1990:125, punktid 60–62).
Where the Member State is unable to recover the full amount of aid, registration of the liability can meet the recovery obligation provided that the insolvency proceedings result in the winding up of the undertaking which received the unlawful aid, that is to say, in the definitive cessation of its activities.
Euroopa Kohtu 11. detsembri 2012. aasta otsus kohtuasjas C-610/10: komisjon vs. Hispaania (ECLI:EU:C:2012:781, punkt 104).
The liquidation of CE Hunedoara in case of non-recovery of the rescue aid within six-months from its approval or disbursement is also contemplated in the R&R aid Guidelines, in the rescue aid decision (recitals 20, 21 and 52, point (d).
Komisjoni 21. aprilli 2004. aasta määrus (EÜ) nr 794/2004, millega rakendatakse nõukogu määrust (EL) 2015/1589, millega kehtestatakse üksikasjalikud eeskirjad Euroopa Liidu toimimise lepingu artikli 108 kohaldamiseks (ELT L 140, 30.4.2004, lk 1).
The Commission takes note of the recent discussions with Romania in which it was established that the winding up of CE Hunedoara may lead to its assets being liquidated and sold in order to meet liabilities, including those arising from the implementation of recovery imposed on Romania as a result of this Decision.
Rumeenia ametiasutused andsid 8. jaanuaril 2016. aastal ette teada oma kavatsusest anda äriühingule CE Hunedoara restruktureerimisabi uue restruktureerimiskava alusel, mida oli esimese restruktureerimiskavaga võrreldes muudetud (edaspidi „muudetud restruktureerimiskava“), ning esitasid täiendava toetava teabe, mida omakorda täiendati 11. jaanuaril 2016. aastal.
In any case, the Romanian authorities confirmed the existence of legal provisions in the national legislation that would ensure the continuity of operation and mentioned in this respect Law No 123 of 10 July 2012 of electric energy and natural gas, notably the provisions concerning energy security and safety.
12. jaanuaril 2016. aastal toimus Rumeenia ametiasutustega kohtumine seoses esitatud teabega.
In the context of a liquidation and considering its legal obligation to ensure continuity of supply, Romania may plan to adopt measures aiming to avoid abrupt disruptions of the supply of electricity and heat for the region in which CE Hunedoara operates and supplies services.
Tuginedes neile kaalutlustele ja uutele plaanidele selle kohta, kes on tulevikus äriühingu CE Hunedoara võimalik(ud) järeltulija(d), kes hakkab/hakkavad kasutama osa tema varast, esitasid Rumeenia ametiasutused komisjoni palvel teavet 12. mail 2016, videokonverentsil 18. mail 2016 ning 9., 25. ja 29. augustil 2016, 12. oktoobri 2016. aasta kohtumisel ning samuti 9. novembril 2016, 17. mail 2017 ja 1. septembril 2017.
However, such measures have to be proportionate, reasonable, and limited in time and scope to what is indispensable to maintain the value of the power generation assets.
17. mail 2017. aastal esitatud teave sisaldas eelkõige äriühingu CE Hunedoara lõpliku likvideerimise ajakava.
In enforcement of the present Decision, the Commission must be informed in advance and be in a position to verify that these conditions are met.
Äriühing CE Hunedoara andis teada järgmistest keskmistest tootmiskuludest: 274,27 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 59 eurot/MWh) 2013. aastal, 310,19 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 67 eurot/MWh) 2014. aastal ja 358,90 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 77 eurot/MWh) 2015. aastal.
Consequently, this decision is generally without prejudice to such appropriate measures and to the process concerning the transfer of power generation assets.
Lisaks oli kivisöe (kütuse) kaevandamise keskmine kulu äriühingu CE Hunedoara jaoks umbes 126 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 27 eurot/MWh), kusjuures turul oli kivisöe hind umbes 40 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 9 eurot/MWh).
Furthermore, as evoked during the videoconference held on 31 July 2018 (see recital 3 above), Romania expressed its intention to take an appropriate measure to proceed with the process regarding the transfer of power generation assets from CE Hunedoara to a New Company (NewCo) still to be incorporated.
Samas elektrienergia kaalutud keskmine aastahind järgmise päeva turul OPCOMil oli järgmine: 165,06 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 35 eurot/MWh) 2013. aastal, 158,93 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 34 eurot/MWh) 2014. aastal ja 166,35 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 36 eurot/MWh) 2015. aastal.
This is planned to take the form of a Government Emergency Ordinance by way of which a three-stage transfer in lieu of payment (in Romanian ‘dare în plată’) would occur with regard to the power generation assets only, i.e. without the mines.
Ka OPCOMi kahepoolsete lepingute tsentraliseeritud turul jäi elektrienergia keskmine aastahind aastatel 2013–2015 vahemikku 182,94 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 39 eurot/MWh) kuni 162,41 Rumeenia leud / MWh (umbes 35 eurot/MWh).
As per the minutes agreed with Romania, this process should involve:
Teisisõnu, aastatel 2013–2015, mil väljastati asjaomased laenud, olid äriühingu CE Hunedoara keskmised tootmiskulud 66–116 % suuremad hindadest, millega elektrienergiaga kaubeldi järgmise päeva turul, ning 50–121 % suuremad hindadest Rumeenia elektrienergia börsi kahepoolsete lepingute tsentraliseeritud turul.
First, the preparation of a mandatory evaluation report to determine the value of the power generation assets (currently pledged by the Ministry of Finance) and the amount of the debt owed by CE Hunedoara;
Kuid äriühing CE Hunedoara ei suutnud seda – mõningate eranditega – ilmselgelt teha alates asutamisest ning selle kohta annab tunnistust äriühingu suutmatus säästa piisavalt tegevustulu, et soetada aastatel 2014 ja 2015 vajalikke heitkoguste sertifikaate.
Second, these pledged assets would be transferred to the Ministry of Finance and then further on to the Ministry of Energy;
Söeküttel töötavad elektrijaamad toimivad tavaliselt kui baaskoormusel töötavad elektrijaamad, st nende koormustegur on 70 % või rohkem.
Third, these pledged assets would be transferred to a new company, and the latter would then be entrusted with the provision of a Service of General Economic Interest.
Kuid tabelis 1 esitatud elektrienergia tootmist käsitlevatest andmetest nähtub, et äriühingu CE Hunedoara koormustegur oli 2013. ja 2014. aastal 30,8 % ning langes alla 20 % 2015. aastal.
This decision is without prejudice to such asset transfer via the planned Government Emergency Ordinance, provided that the above envisaged transfer is conducted by the Romanian authorities in line with the legal requirements, including, in particular, a proper valuation of these assets.
Seda võib selgitada asjaoluga, et tootmisvarad söekaevanduste ja kahe elektrienergiajaama kujul, mis ühendati äriühinguga CE Hunedoara 2012. aasta novembris, olid need samad, mida varem käitasid raskustesse sattunud eellased, ning neid ei olnud mis tahes viisil märkimisväärselt tootmise või tehnoloogia seisukohast täiustatud tootmiskulude vähendamiseks.
CONCLUSION
Tegelikult toimus aastatel 2013–2014 Rumeenia riigile antud ja seejärel keskkonnanormidele vastavuse tagamiseks Rumeenia riigi poolt edasi antud eralaenude kasutuselevõtt sarnaselt juhtumile, mille puhul Rumeenia oli andnud toetust teise soojuselektrijaama sama liiki rajatisele (suitsugaasi väävlitustamine) 2010. aastal (CE Turceni) ja 2011. aastal (CE Craiova II) ning mille puhul toimus 2012. aastal teabevahetus Rumeenia ametiasutustega.
The Commission accordingly concludes that Romania has granted to CE Hunedoara unlawful State aid which is incompatible with the internal market and which should be recovered.
Sellepärast tundub asjakohane järeldada, et keskkonnanormidele vastavuse tagamiseks riigi poolt antud BRD laen ja BCRi laen olid de facto toetused, nagu seda olid teistele elektrijaamadele 2011. ja 2012. aastal antud eelnevad laenud.
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:
Laenu lõpptähtaeg oli 90 päeva ning tuli seega tagasi maksta 8. septembril 2015.
Article 1
Laenu intressimääraks kehtestati kolme kuu ROBOR pluss 5 %, st 6,27 % aastas ning intress pidi jääma fikseerituks kogu laenuperioodiks.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development loan (IBRD loan) guaranteed by the Romanian State and for which CE Hunedoara became the successor beneficiary was not unlawfully granted to CE Hunedoara, in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
2015. aasta oktoobris andis äriühing CE Hunedoara oma finantsraskuste tõttu rahandusministeeriumile teada, et ta ei suuda enam makseid tasuda.
Article 2
31. detsembril 2017 oli äriühing CE Hunedoara rahandusministeeriumile võlgu 5343411 eurot (umbes 24853078 Rumeenia leud), mis koosnes võlgnetavast põhisummast, intressist ja riskipreemiast, ning lisaks veel 564163 eurot (umbes 2763553 eurot), mis koosnes viivisest ja trahvidest.
The following loans in favour of CE Hunedoara and in the amounts set out in points (a) to (d), constitute State aid which was unlawfully granted (or not reimbursed as regards point (d)) by Romania, in breach of Article 108(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and are incompatible with the internal market:
2016. aasta veebruaris andis äriühing CE Hunedoara oma finantsraskuste tõttu rahandusministeeriumile teada, et ta ei suuda enam makseid tasuda.
Romanian Commercial Bank loan contracted by the Ministry of Finance and further made available to CE Hunedoara by way of subsidiary loan agreement (BCR loan) — RON 83485450.
31. märtsil 2018 oli äriühing CE Hunedoara rahandusministeeriumile võlgu 3000357 eurot (umbes 13955150 Rumeenia leud), mis koosnes võlgnetavast põhisummast, intressist ja riskipreemiast, ning lisaks võlgneti veel viivis ja trahvid.
Romanian Development Bank loan contracted by the Ministry of Finance and further made available to CE Hunedoara by way of subsidiary loan agreement (BRD loan) — RON 68371170.
Esiteks esitasid Rumeenia ametiasutused selgitused komisjoni 21. aprilli 2015. aasta otsusega heaks kiidetud päästmisabilaenu kohta.
loan provided for the payment of the incompatible aid requested to be recovered by the Decision regarding the incompatible aid (the loan to repay the incompatible aid) — RON 34785015.
Nagu märgiti ka menetluse algatamise otsuses, võtsid Rumeenia ametiasutused päästmislaenu heakskiitmise ajal kohustuse esitada kuue kuu jooksul alates päästmisabi andmist käsitleva otsuse tegemise kuupäevast kas i) tõendid selle kohta, et laen on tagastatud, või ii) kehtiva restruktureerimiskava või iii) põhjendatud likvideerimiskava, mis sisaldab samme äriühingu CE Hunedoara likvideerimiseks mõistliku aja jooksul ilma lisaabita.
loan representing aid granted in accordance with the rescue aid decision and interest (the rescue aid loan) — as effectively disbursed for the amount of RON 98476900 and not reimbursed after six months of disbursement.
See laen anti seejärel edasi äriühingule CE Hunedoara vastavalt 5. detsembril 2013. aastal sõlmitud all-laenulepingule.
Article 3
Seega all-laenulepingut (seotud BCRi laenuga, mille võttis Rumeenia riik) pakuti äriühingule CE Hunedoara riigi eelarvest tulenevatest vahenditest.
Romania shall recover the incompatible aid, referred to in Article 2 from the beneficiary.
Äriühingul CE Hunedoara oli kasvav tegevuskahjum, mis ei võimaldanud tal teenindada laene alates aastatest 2013–2014, ning äriühingul jäid tegelikult lepingulised kohustused täitmata, mille tõttu võidi äriühingu suhtes alates 2015. aastast potentsiaalselt kohaldada maksejõuetusmenetlust.
The actual sums to be recovered shall equal the amounts effectively disbursed to the beneficiary and not reimbursed by the latter to the Romanian State; these sums shall also bear interest from the date on which they were put at the disposal of the beneficiary until their actual recovery.
Peale selle puuduvad märgid selle kohta, et Rumeenia ametiasutused oleks astunud mis tahes õigeaegseid samme, mida hoolas võlausaldaja oleks teinud oma vahendite tagasinõudmiseks, näiteks kutsudes laenuvõtjat üles laene tagasi maksma või nõudes täitmata jäetud lepinguliste kohustuste täitmise tagamist.