natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
It is necessary to demonstrate that the cells have divided from the beginning of treatment with the test chemical to cell sampling.
Knöbel, M., Busser, F. J. M., Rico-Rico, A., Kramer, N. I., Hermens, J. L. M., Hafner, C., Tanneberger, K., Schirmer, K., ja Scholz, S. (2012).
Cell cultures are maintained in an exponential cell growth phase (cell lines) or stimulated to divide (primary cultures of lymphocytes), to expose the cells at different stages of the cell cycle, since the sensitivity of cell stages to the test chemicals may not be known.
Belanger, S. E., Rawlings, J. M., ja Carr, G. J. (2013).
Media and culture conditions
Incardona, J. P, Linbo, T. L., ja Scholz, N. L. (2011).
Whatever the types of cells (cell lines or primary cultures of lymphocytes), either replicate or single treated cultures may be used at each concentration tested.
Lammer, E., Kamp, H. G., Hisgen, V., Koch, M., Reinhard, D., Salinas, E. R., Wendlar, K., Zok, S., ja Braunbeck, T. (2009).
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hiljuti moodustunud erütrotsüüt oma arengu vahepealses staadiumis; selline erütrotsüüt värvub vere klassikalise värvaine, näiteks Wrighti Giemsa nii sinise kui ka punase komponendiga, kuna sellises hiljuti moodustunud rakus on olemas jääk-RNA.
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silmamuna eesmise osa läbipaistev kest, mis katab vikerkesta ja pupilli ning laseb valgusel tungida silma sisse.
28/1, pp. 51-59.
See väljendatakse protsendina ja arvutatakse ICE-katses enne töötlemist mõõdetud sarvkesta paksuse lähtetaseme ja pärast uuritava kemikaaliga kokkupuudet korrapäraste ajavahemike järel mõõdetud sarvkesta paksuse andmetest.
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rakus põhituumast eraldi ja lisaks sellele esinevad väikesed tuumad, mis on tekkinud mitoosi või meioosi telofaasi ajal mahajäänud kromosoomifragmentidest või tervetest kromosoomidest.
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Konstant k2 arvutatakse eri ajahetkedel võetud mitme proovi andmete põhjal lineaarse regressiooni teel, mis väljendab kontsentratsiooni naturaallogaritmi sõltuvust ajast.
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Regressioonisirge tõus vastab puhastumise kiiruskonstandi k2 hinnangulisele väärtusele [3] Algordinaadi põhjal saab hõlpsalt leida keskmise kontsentratsiooni kalas puhastumisetapi alguses (C0,d; see on võrdne keskmise kontsentratsiooniga kalas omastamisetapi lõpus) ning selle näitaja veamäära [3] Enamiku programmide puhul, mis võimaldavad kasutada lineaarset regressiooni (nt andmeanalüüsi mooduliga Microsoft Excel), arvutatakse ka asjaomase hinnangulise väärtuse standardviga ja usaldusvahemik. :
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Kõikidel LOECst suurematel uuritavatel kontsentratsioonidel peaks avalduma kahjulik mõju, mis on võrdne või suurem kui LOECi korral täheldatav mõju.
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For the assays covered in this test method using primary cultures of lymphocytes, cytotoxicity is identified as a reduction in mitotic index (MI) of the treated cells as compared to the negative control (see paragraph 18 and Appendix 2).
The analysis of binary responses from toxicological experiments involving reproduction and teratogenicity.
51-18-3 Negative controls Negative control group animals should be included at every sampling time and otherwise handled in the same way as the treatment groups, except for not receiving treatment with the test chemical.
Kui ei täheldata binoomjaotuse ülehajuvust, võib osakaaluandmetele lähendamiseks kasutada probitmudelit
However, if consistent inter-animal variability and frequencies of cells with structural aberrations are demonstrated by historical negative control data at each sampling time for the testing laboratory, only a single sampling for the negative control may be necessary.
Pariis.
PROCEDURE Number and sex of animals
Pariis.
However, if the historical negative control database indicates the mean background structural chromosomal aberration frequency is < 1 % in the testing laboratory, consideration should be given to scoring additional cells.
Pariis.
Body weight range, mean and standard deviation for each group should be included.
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Iga spektri kohta esitatakse tabelis neelduvus ja pH.
723/2, pp. 87-90.
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Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) ja the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM).
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„Current Status of In Vitro Test Methods for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method“.
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[võrrand A5.20],
It has been shown for rats that pre-treatment sampling of small volumes (e.g. below 100 μl/day) has minimal impact on micronucleus background frequency (25).
Sheeman, P., et al. (toim.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York, NY, USA, lk 243–255.
In general, the micronucleus response is similar between male and female animals and, therefore, most studies could be performed in either sex (26).
Boethling, R. S., ja Mackay, D. (toim.), Lewis Publishers, Boca Racton, FL, USA, lk 189–231.
In this case, it may be appropriate to perform a study in both sexes, e.g. as part of a repeated dose toxicity study.
Üldpikkus
for short term studies: individual weight of the animals at the start and end of the test; for studies longer than one week: individual body weights during the study and food consumption.
Huet, S., Bouvier, A., Poursat, M.-A., ja Jolivet, E. (2003).
Validation and regulatory acceptance of automated scoring and the use of rat peripheral blood reticulocytes, with discussion of non-hematopoietic target cells and a single dose-level limit test, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Vol.
Statistical Tools for Nonlinear Regression: A Practical Guide with S-PLUS and R Examples.
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ensüümimmuunsorptsioonanalüüs.
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kalade märgmass vee ruumalaühiku kohta.
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Is the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) a potential alternative for the fish acute toxicity test?
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Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program, Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology, Vol.
Kui minimeeritud plaani kohase kahel kontsentratsioonil tehtud katse tulemustest nähtub, et BCF ei ole kontsentratsioonist sõltuv (st erinevus on väiksem kui 20 %), võib täismahus katse tegemise korral lugeda ühe katsekontsentratsiooni kasutamise piisavaks.
239/1, pp. 29-80.
Katses, kus kalade kasv omastamisetapis (mille vältel söödakogust ei muudeta, et pidada kinni kindlaksmääratud söötmismäärast) on märkimisväärne, muutub tegelik söödatarbimise kiirus omastamisetapi käigus väiksemaks kui kindlaksmääratud söötmismäär ning tegelik imendumistõhusus on sellest tulenevalt suurem.
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Comparative sensitivity of embryo-larval toxicity assays with African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and zebra fish (Danio rerio).
Rothfuss, A. et al.
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, Improvement of in vivo genotoxicity assessment: combination of acute tests and integration into standard toxicity testing, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Vol.
0,1 ml silma tilgutamiseks tuleb pihustatav vedelik enne väljutada ja koguda proovinõusse.
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Läbipaistmatu sarvkest; vikerkest ei eristu hägususe tõttu
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süvenenud kurrud, kongestsioon, turse, sarvkesta ümber mõõdukas hüpereemia; või injektsioon; vikerkest reageerib valgusele (reaktsiooni hilinemist käsitatakse toimena)
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0Mõned hüpereemilised veresooned (injektsioon)
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Classification as 2A or 2B depends on the interpretation of the UN GHS criterion for distinguishing between these two categories, i.e. 1 out of 3 vs. 2 out of 3 animals with effects at day 7 necessary to generate a Category 2A classification.
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Production of changes in the eye following the application of test chemical to the anterior surface of the eye, which are fully reversible within 21 days of application.
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Interchangeable with “Reversible effects on the Eye” and with “UN GHS Category 2” (4).
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False negative rate
627/1, pp.
The proportion of all positive chemicals falsely identified by a test method as negative.
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It is one indicator of test method performance.
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The proportion of all negative chemicals that are falsely identified by a test method as positive.
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Inherent property of an agent or situation having the potential to cause adverse effects when an organism, system or (sub) population is exposed to that agent.
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Irreversible effects on the eye see “Serious eye damage” and “UN GHS Category 1”.
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Mixture
239/1, pp.
A mixture or a solution composed of two or more substances in which they do not react (4) Negative control
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This sample is processed with test chemical-treated samples and other control samples to determine whether the solvent interacts with the test system.
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Substances that are not classified for eye irritation (UN GHS Category 2) or serious damage to eye (UN GHS Category 1).
II.
Interchangeable with “UN GHS No Category”.
Some aspects of protocol design including repeated treatments, integration with toxicity testing, and automated scoring“, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, Vol.
A replicate containing all components of a test system and treated with a chemical known to induce a positive response.
35/3, pp.
To ensure that variability in the positive control response across time can be assessed, the magnitude of the severe response should not be excessive.
Lovell, D.P. et al.
Measures of the extent that a test method can be performed reproducibly within and between laboratories over time, when performed using the same protocol.
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It is assessed by calculating intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility and intra-laboratory repeatability.
kromosoomi ala(d), millele kääviniidid kinnituvad raku jagunemise ajal, võimaldades tütarkromosoomide korrapärast liikumist tütarrakkude poolustele.
Reversible effects on the Eye see “Eye Irritation” and “UN GHS Category 2”.
Peamised erinevused OECD katsejuhendi 2009. aasta originaalversiooni ja ajakohastatud 2013. aasta versiooniga on järgmised, kuid ei piirdu nendega: BCOP-katsemeetodit kasutatakse selliste kemikaalide tuvastamiseks, mis ei vaja klassifitseerimist vastavalt ÜRO GHSile (punktid 2 ja 7); selgitatud on BCOP-katsemeetodi kohaldatavust alkoholide, ketoonide ja tahkete kemikaalide (punktid 6 ja 7) ning ainete ja segude (punkt 8) uurimiseks; selgitatud on pindaktiivsete ainete või selliseid aineid sisaldavate segude uurimist (punkt 28); selgitatud ja ajakohastatud on positiivse kontrolli küsimusi (punktid 39 ja 40); ajakohastatud on BCOP-katsemeetodi alusel otsuse tegemise kriteeriume (punkt 47); ajakohastatud on katse nõuetekohasuse kriteeriume (punkt 48); ajakohastatud on katseprotokollis esitatavaid andmeelemente (punkt 49); ajakohastatud on 1. liidet mõistete kohta; lisatud on 2. liide BCOP-katsemeetodi prognoosivõime kohta eri klassifitseerimissüsteemide kasutamisel; ajakohastatud on 3. liites esitatud pädevuse tõendamise kemikaalide loetelu; ning ajakohastatud on 4. liidet BCOP-katses kasutatava sarvkestahoidiku (punkt 1) ja hägususmõõtja kohta (punktid 2 ja 3).Praegu ollakse üldiselt arvamusel, et lähitulevikus ei ole võimalik ärritava toime kogu ulatuse prognoosimisel eri kemikaaliklasside puhul ühegi in vitro silmaärrituse katsega asendada Draize'i in vivo silmakatset.
Serious eye damage
„ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report.
Production of tissue damage in the eye, or serious physical decay of vision, following application of a test chemical to the anterior surface of the eye, which is not fully reversible within 21 days of application.
Current Validation Status of In Vitro Test Methods Proposed for Identifying Eye Injury Hazard Potential of Chemicals and Products“.
Interchangeable with “Irreversible effects on the eye” and with “UN GHS Category 1” (4).
„Streamlined Summary Document supporting the Test Guideline 437 for eye irritation/corrosion“.