natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For flow-through tests, a loading rate not exceeding 0,5 g/l wet weight per 24 hours and not exceeding 5 g/l of solution at any time has been recommended (3).
Biomassisisaldus
The photoperiod and water temperature should be appropriate for the test species (see Appendix 2).
kontsentratsioon, mis on ligikaudu 10 % LC50 väärtusest.
Food and feeding are critical, and it is essential that the correct food for each life-stage is supplied from an appropriate time and at a level sufficient to support normal growth.
Asustustihedus
Feeding should be approximately equal across replicates unless adjusted to account for mortality.
kalade arv vee ruumalaühiku kohta.
Surplus food and faeces should be removed as necessary, to avoid accumulation of waste.
fosfolipoglükoproteiin, mis on munarebu valkude eelkäija ja mida tavaliselt leidub kõikide ovipaarsete liikide seksuaalselt aktiivsetes emasloomades.
Detailed feeding regimes are given in Appendix 3 but, as experience is gained, food and feeding regimes are continually being refined to improve survival and optimise growth.
KALADE ENDOKRIINSÜSTEEMI MÕJUTAVATE KEMIKAALIDE SÕELUURINGU TINGIMUSED
Live food provides a source of environmental enrichment and therefore should be used in place of or in addition to dry or frozen food whenever appropriate to the species and life stage.
Katse tüüp
Normally five concentrations of the test chemical, with a minimum of four replicates per concentration, spaced by a constant factor not exceeding 3,2 are required.
Läbivoolukatse
If available, information on the acute testing, preferable with the same species and/or a range finding test should be considered (1) when selecting the range of test concentrations.
Vee temperatuur
However, all sources of information should be considered when selecting the range of test concentrations, including sources like e.g. read across, fish embryo acute toxicity test data.
Valgustuse kvaliteet
A limit test, or an extended limit test, with fewer than five concentrations as the definitive test may be acceptable where empirical NOECs only are to be established.
Luminofoorlambid (laia spektriga)
Concentrations of the test chemical higher than the 96 hour LC50 or 10 mg/l, whichever is the lower, need not be tested.
Valgustihedus
Frequency of Analytical Determinations and Measurements
12–16 tundi valgust, 12–8 tundi pimedust
Prior to initiation of the exposure period, proper function of the chemical delivery system across all replicates should be ensured (for example, by measuring test concentrations).
< 5 g/l
Analytical methods required should be established, including an appropriate limit of quantification (LOQ) and sufficient knowledge on the substance stability in the test system.
Katsekambri suurus
During the test, the concentrations of the test chemical are determined at regular intervals to characterise exposure.
10 l (miinimum)
A minimum of five determinations is necessary.
2 l (miinimum)
In flow-through systems, analytical measurements of the test chemical in one replicate per concentration should be made at least once a week changing systematically amongst replicates.
5 l (miinimum)
Additional analytical determinations will often improve the quality of the test outcome.
Katselahuse ruumala
Samples may need to be filtered to remove any particulate matter (e.g. using a 0,45 μm pore size) or centrifuged to ensure that the determinations are made on the chemical in true solution.
8 l (miinimum)
In order to reduce adsorption of the test chemical, the filters should be saturated before the use.
1,5 l (miinimum)
When the measured concentrations do not remain within 80-120 % of the nominal concentration, the effect concentrations should be determined and expressed relative to the arithmetic mean concentration for flow-through tests (see Appendix 6 of the test method C.20 for the calculation of the arithmetic mean (8)), and expressed relative to the geometric mean of the measured concentrations for semi-static tests (see Chapter 5 in the OECD Guidance Document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures (2)).
4 l (miinimum)
During the test, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature should be measured in all test vessels, at least weekly, and salinity and hardness, if warranted, at the beginning and end of the test.
Katselahuse uuendamine kogu ruumala ulatuses
Temperature should preferably be monitored continuously in at least one test vessel.
Vähemalt 6 korda päevas
Stage of embryonic development
Vähemalt 5 korda päevas
the embryonic stage at the beginning of exposure to the test chemical should be verified as precisely as possible.
Katseloomade vanus
This can be done using a representative sample of eggs suitably preserved and cleaned.
Vt punkt 21
Hatching and survival
Täiskasvanud kala ligikaudne märgmass (g)
observations on hatching and survival should be made at least once daily and numbers recorded.
Emased: 1,5 ± 20 %
If fungus on eggs is observed early in embryonic development (e.g. at day one or two of test), those eggs should be counted and removed.
Isased: 2,5 ± 20 %
Dead embryos, larvae and juvenile fish should be removed as soon as observed since they can decompose rapidly and may be broken up by the actions of the other fish.
Emased: 0,35 ± 20 %
Extreme care should be taken when removing dead individuals not to physically damage adjacent eggs/larvae.
Isased: 0,35 ± 20 %
Signs of death vary according to species and life stage.
Emased: 0,65 ± 20 %
For example:
Isased: 0,4 ± 20 %
for fertilised eggs: particularly in the early stages, a marked loss of translucency and change in colouration, caused by coagulation and/or precipitation of protein, leading to a white opaque appearance;
Kalade arv katsenõu kohta
for embryos, larvae and juvenile fish: immobility and/or absence of respiratory movement and/or absence of heartbeat and/or lack of reaction to mechanical stimulus.
6 (2 isaskala ja 4 emaskala)
Abnormal appearance
6 (3 isaskala ja 3 emaskala)
the number of larvae or juvenile fish showing abnormality of body form should be recorded at adequate intervals depending on the duration of the test and the nature of the abnormality described.
10 (5 isaskala ja 5 emaskala)
It should be noted that abnormal larvae and juvenile fish occur naturally and can be of the order of several percent in the control(s) in some species.
Kontsentratsioonipunktide arv
Where deformities and associated abnormal behaviour are considered so severe that there is considerable suffering to the organism, and it has reached a point beyond which it will not recover, it may be removed from the test.
= 3 (pluss vajalikud kontrollid)
Such animals should be euthanised and treated as mortalities for subsequent data analysis.
Nõude arv kontsentratsioonipunkti kohta
Normal embryonic development has been documented for most species recommended in this test method (9) (10) (11) (12).
Vähemalt 4
Abnormal behaviour
Vähemalt 2
abnormalities, e.g. hyperventilation, uncoordinated swimming, atypical quiescence and atypical feeding behaviour should be recorded at adequate intervals depending on the duration of the test (e.g. once daily for warm water species).
Kalade arv katsekontsentratsiooni kohta
These effects, although difficult to quantify, can, when observed, aid in the interpretation of mortality data.
16 täiskasvanud emast ja 8 isast (4 emast ja 2 isast igas paralleelnõus)
Weight
12 täiskasvanud emast ja 12 isast (3 emast ja 3 isast igas paralleelnõus)
at the end of the test, all surviving fish are weighed at least on a replicate basis (reporting the number of animals in the replicate and the mean weight per animal): wet weight — (blotted dry) is preferred, however, dry weight data may also be reported (13).
10 täiskasvanud emast ja 10 isast (5 emast ja 5 isast igas paralleelnõus)
Length
Söötmisrežiim
at the end of the test, individual lengths are measured.
Elus või külmutatud soolase vee krevettide täiskasvanud või noorjärgus isendid 2–3 korda päevas (ad libitum), müügilolev kalasööt või nende kombinatsioon
Total length is recommended, if however, caudal fin rot or fin erosion occurs, standard length can be used.
Soolase vee krevettide noorjärgus isendid 2–3 korda päevas (ad libitum), müügilolev kalasööt või nende kombinatsioon
The same method should be used for all fish in a given test.
Soolase vee krevettide noorjärgus isendid 2–3 korda päevas (ad libitum), müügilolev kalasööt või nende kombinatsioon
Individual length can be measured either by e.g. callipers, digital camera, or calibrated ocular micrometer.
Üksnes siis, kui lahustunud hapnikku on alla 60 % küllastuskontsentratsioonist
Typical minimum lengths are defined in Appendix 2.
Lahjendusvesi
It is recommended that the design of the experiment and selection of statistical test permit adequate power (80 % or higher) to detect changes of biological importance in endpoints where a NOEC is to be reported.
Puhas pinnavesi, kaevuvesi, taastatud vesi või deklooritud kraanivesi
If an ECx is to be reported, the design of the experiment and selection of regression model should permit estimation of ECx so that (i) the 95 % confidence interval reported for ECx does not contain zero and is not overly wide, (ii) the 95 % confidence interval for the predicted mean at ECx does not contain the control mean (iii) there is no significant lack-of-fit of regression model to the data.
Kokkupuute-eelne periood
Either approach requires the identification of the percent change in each endpoint that is important to detect or estimate.
Soovitatavalt 7–14 päeva
The experimental design should be tailored to allow that.
Kemikaaliga kokkupuute kestus
When the above conditions for determining the ECx are not satisfied, the NOEC approach should be used.
Bioloogilised lõppnäitajad
It is not likely that the same percent change applies to all endpoints, nor is it likely that a feasible experiment can be designed that will meet these criteria for all endpoints, so it is important to focus on the endpoints, which are important for the respective experiment in designing the experiment appropriately.
Elulemus
Statistical flow diagrams and guidance for each approach are available in Appendixes 5 and 6 to guide in the treatment of data and in the choice of the most appropriate statistical test or model to use.
Käitumine
Other statistical approaches may be used, provided they are scientifically justified.
Sigivus
In order to make a multiple comparison between the results at the individual concentrations and those for the controls, the step-down Jonckheere-Terpstra or Williams' test is recommended for continuous responses and a step-down Cochran-Armitage test for quantal responses that are consistent with a monotone concentration-response and with no evidence of extra-binomial variance (14).
Vajaduse korral sugunäärmete histopatoloogiline hinnang
When there is evidence of extra-binomial variance, the Rao-Scott modification of the Cochran-Armitage test is recommended (15) (16) or Williams or Dunnett's (after an arcsin-square-root transform) or Jonckheere-Terpstra test applied to replicate proportions.
Katse nõuetekohasus
Where the data are not consistent with a monotone concentration-response, Dunnett's or Dunn's or the Mann-Whitney method may be found useful for continuous responses and Fisher's Exact test for quantal responses (14) (17) (18).
Lahustunud hapniku sisaldus > 60 % küllastuskontsentratsioonist; keskmine temperatuur 25 ± 2 °C; kalade elulemus kontrollrühma(de)s vähemalt 90 %; mõõdetud katsekontsentratsioonid vahemikus ± 20 % mõõtmistulemuste keskväärtusest igal kontsentratsioonil
Care should be taken where applying any statistical method or model to ensure that the requirements of the method or model are satisfied (e.g. chamber to chamber variability is estimated and accounted for in the experimental design and test or model used).
Lahustunud hapniku sisaldus > 60 % küllastuskontsentratsioonist; keskmine temperatuur 26 ± 2 °C; kalade elulemus kontrollrühma(de)s vähemalt 90 %; mõõdetud katsekontsentratsioonid vahemikus ± 20 % mõõtmistulemuste keskväärtusest igal kontsentratsioonil
Data are to be evaluated for normality and Appendix 5 indicates what should be done on the residuals from an ANOVA.
MÕNED LAHJENDUSVEE NÕUTAVAD KEEMILISED OMADUSED
Appendix 6 discusses additional considerations for the regression approach.
KOOSTISOSA
Transformations to meet the requirements of a statistical test should be considered.
KONTSENTRATSIOON
However, transformations to enable the fitting of a regression model require great care, as, for example, a 25 % change in the untransformed response does not correspond to a 25 % change in a transformed response.
< 20 mg/l
In all analyses, the test chamber, not the individual fish, is the unit of analysis and the experimental unit and both hypothesis tests and regression should reflect that (3) (14) (19) (20).
< 2 mg/l
chemical identification, such as IUPAC or CAS name, CAS number, SMILES or InChI code, structural formula, purity, chemical identity of impurities as appropriate and practically feasible, etc. (including the organic carbon content, if appropriate.
Ioniseerimata ammoniaak
characterised as far as possible, e.g., by chemical identity (see above), quantitative occurrence and relevant physicochemical properties of the constituents
< 1 μg/l
scientific name, strain, source and method of collection of the fertilised eggs and subsequent handling.
< 10 μg/l
test procedure used (e.g. semi-static or flow-through, loading);
Fosfororgaaniliste pestitsiidide üldsisaldus
photoperiod(s);
< 50 ng/l
test design (e.g. number of test chambers and replicates, number of eggs per replicate, material and size of the test chamber (height, width, volume), water volume per test chamber);
< 25 ng/l
method of preparation of stock solutions and frequency of renewal (the solubilising agent and its concentration should be given, when used);
liide
method of dosing the test chemical (e.g. pumps, diluting systems)
VÖÖDILISE DAANIO KUDEMISSUBSTRAAT
the recovery efficiency of the method and the nominal test concentrations, the limit of quantification, the means of the measured values and their standard deviations in the test vessels and the method by which these were attained and evidence that the measurements refer to the concentrations of the test chemical in true solution;
Kudemisalus
dilution water characteristics: pH, hardness, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, residual chlorine levels (if measured), total organic carbon (if measured), suspended solids (if measured), salinity of the test medium (if measured) and any other measurements made;
üleni klaasist instrumendinõu, näiteks mõõtmetega 22 × 15 × 5,5 cm (pikkus × laius × sügavus), mis on kaetud eemaldatava roostevabast terastraadist võrega (võresilma suurus 2 mm).
water quality within test vessels, pH, hardness, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration;
Võre peaks katma instrumendinõu valendiku allpool nõu äärt.
detailed information on feeding (e.g. type of food(s), source, amount given and frequency).
Võre peale tuleks kinnitada kudemissubstraat.
Results reported individually (or on a replicate basis) and as mean and coefficient of variation, as appropriate, for the following endpoints:
Selle struktuur peaks olema selline, et kalad saavad substraati siseneda.
evidence that controls met the overall survival acceptability standard of the test species (Appendix 2);
Sobivad näiteks rohelisest plastmaterjalist kunstlikud akvaariumitaimed (NB: tuleks arvesse võtta uuritava kemikaali võimalikku adsorbeerumist plastmaterjalile).
data on mortality at each stage (embryo, larval and juvenile) and cumulative mortality;
Plastmaterjali tuleb leostada piisava koguse sooja veega piisavalt kaua, et hoida ära kemikaalide leostumine vette katse ajal.
days to hatch, numbers of larvae hatched each day, and end of hatching;
Klaasmaterjali kasutamisel tuleks tagada, et kalad ei saaks vigastusi ega peaks oma aktiivse tegevuse käigus taluma ruumikitsikust.
number of healthy fish at end of test;
Vahemaa aluse ja kambri klaasseinte vahel peaks olema vähemalt 3 cm, et kudemist ei toimuks väljaspool alust.
data for length (specify either standard or total) and weight of surviving animals;
Alusele koetud marjaterad langevad läbi võre ja need võib koguda 45–60 minutit pärast valgustuse sisselülitamist.
incidence, description and number of morphological abnormalities, if any;
Läbipaistvad marjaterad ei ole kleepuvad ja on külgvalguses kergesti loendatavad.
incidence, description and number of behavioural effects, if any;
Kui ühe nõu kohta kasutatakse viit emaskala, võib marjaterade arvu kuni 20 ühe päeva kohta pidada väikeseks, kuni 100 – keskmiseks ja üle 100 – rikkalikuks saagiseks.
approach for the statistical analysis (regression analysis or analysis of the variance) and treatment of data (statistical test or model used);
Kudemisalus tuleks eemaldada, marjaterad kokku koguda ja kudemisalus uuesti katsenõusse tagasi panna kas võimalikult hilja õhtul või väga vara hommikul.
no observed effect concentration for each response assessed (NOEC);
Aeg kudemisaluse tagasipanekuni ei tohiks olla pikem kui üks tund, sest vastasel juhul võib kudemissubstraadi ilmumine mõjutada kalu ebatavalisel ajal individuaalselt paarituma ja kudema.
lowest observed effect concentration (at p = 0,05) for each response assessed (LOEC);
Kui olukord tingib kudemisaluse hilisema tagasipaneku, tuleks seda teha vähemalt 9 tundi pärast valgustuse sisselülitamist.
ECx for each response assessed, if applicable, and confidence intervals (e.g. 90 % or 95 %) and a graph of the fitted model used for its calculation, the slope of the concentration-response curve, the formula of the regression model, the estimated model parameters and their standard errors.
Sellisel hilisel kellaajal kudemist enam ei toimu.
Any deviation from the test method.
liide
Discussion of the results, including any influence of deviations from the test method on the outcome of the test.
TÜSEDA TÖMPNINA KUDEMISSUBSTRAAT
Fish species recommended for testing
Igasse katsekambrisse pannakse kaks või kolm plastist, klaasist, roostevabast terasest või keraamilist kudemisvõlvi ja alust (nt 80 mm pikkune hall poolkaarekujulise ristlõikega vihmaveerenni jupp, mis asub 130 mm pikkusel servadega alusel) (vt joonis).
FRESHWATER
Korralikult vanandatud polüvinüülkloriidist või keraamilised võlvid on tõendatult sobiv kudemissubstraat (Thorpe et al., 2007).
ESTUARINE and MARINE
Võlvid on soovitatav nakkuvuse parandamiseks karestada.
Rainbow trout
Alus tuleks ühtlasi varustada kaitsevõrega, et takistada kalade juurdepääsu koetud marjale, välja arvatud juhul, kui marjaterade tõhus nakkuvus kasutatava kudemissubstraadiga on tõendatud.
Fathead minnow
Aluse ülesanne on pidada kinni kõik marjaterad, mis ei nakku kudemisvõlvi pinnaga ja kukuksid aluse puudumisel kambri põhja, samuti marjaterad, mis on koetud otse lamedale plastalusele.
Zebrafish
Kõiki kudemissubstraate tuleks enne kasutamist vähemalt 12 tundi lahjendusveega leostada.
Japanese ricefish or Medaka
liide
OECD (2000), Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures, Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment.
TÜSEDA TÖMPNINA TEISESTE SOOTUNNUSTE HINDAMINE ENDOKRIINSE TOIMEGA KEMIKAALIDE TUVASTAMISEKS
No. 23, OECD Paris.
Ülevaade
Bailer, (2012), Baseline characteristics and statistical implications for the OECD 210 Fish Early Life Stage Chronic Toxicity Test, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31; 2, 370 - 376.
Täiskasvanud tüseda tömpnina välistunnused, mis võivad olla endokriinse toimega kemikaalide tuvastamiseks olulised, hõlmavad järgmist: värvus (st hele/tume), värvimuster (st vertikaalsete vöötide olemasolu või puudumine), kehakuju (st pea ja rinnaosa kuju, kõhu laienemine) ja spetsiifilised teisesed sootunnused (st pulmarüü köbrukeste arv ja suurus, turjapadjandi ja muneti suurus).
Fork length (FL): refers to the length from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends (www.fishbase.org)
Pulmarüü köbrukesed asuvad tüseda tömpnina suguliselt aktiivse isaskala pea peal (turjapadjandil) ja paiknevad tavaliselt bilateraalsümmeetriliselt (Jensen et al., 2001).
Standard length (SL): refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate.
Kontrollrühma emaskaladel ning noortel isas- ja emaskaladel köbrukesi ei ole (Jensen et al., 2001).
Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin.
Isaskala silmade ümber ja sõõrmete vahel võib olla kuni kaheksa eraldi köbrukest.
Total length (TL): refers to the length from the tip of the snout to the tip of the longer lobe of the caudal fin, usually measured with the lobes compressed along the midline.
Suurim arv köbrukesi ja suurimad köbrukesed asuvad kahel paralleelsel joonel vahetult sõõrmete all ja suu kohal.
It is a straight-line measure, not measured over the curve of the body (www.fishbase.org)
Paljudel kaladel esinevad köbrukeste rühmad alalõua all; suule kõige lähemaid köbrukesi on tavaliselt üks paar, kõhupoolsemas rühmas võib neid aga olla kuni neli.
Description of the different lengths used
Köbrukeste tegelik arv on harva suurem kui 30 (vahemik 18–28; Jensen et al., 2001).
Standard length
Suurem osa köbrukesi kujutab endast võrdlemisi ümmargust eraldi moodustist, mille kõrgus on ligikaudu võrdne selle raadiusega.
Fork length
Enamikul suguliselt aktiivsetel isaskaladel on vähemalt mõned köbrukesed sedavõrd suurenenud ja silmapaistvad, et neid ei ole võimalik eraldiseisvana eristada.
Total length
Endokriinsüsteemi mõjutavate kemikaalide hulgas võivad teatavat liiki kemikaalid põhjustada teatavate vastassoo teiseste sootunnuste ebanormaalse ilmumise.
Chemical: a substance or a mixture
Näiteks võivad sellised androgeeniretseptori agonistid nagu 17α-metüültestosteroon ja 17β-trenboloon põhjustada emasel tüsedal tömpninal pulmarüü köbrukeste ilmumise (Smith, 1974; Ankley et al., 2001, 2003), samal ajal kui östrogeeniretseptori agonistid võivad vähendada isaskaladel pulmarüü köbrukeste arvu või suurust (Miles-Richardson et al., 1999; Harries et al., 2000).
ECx: (Effect concentration for x % effect) is the concentration that causes an x % of an effect on test organisms within a given exposure period when compared with a control.
Allpool on esitatud tüseda tömpnina pulmarüü köbrukeste kirjeldamise meetod, mida kasutatakse Minnesota osariigis Duluthis asuvas USA Keskkonnakaitseameti laboris.
For example, an EC50 is a concentration estimated to cause an effect on a test end point in 50 % of an exposed population over a defined exposure period.
Konkreetsed tooted ja/või seadmed võib asendada võrreldavate kättesaadavate materjalidega.
Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) is the lowest tested concentration of a test chemical at which the chemical is observed to have a statistically significant effect (at p < 0,05) when compared with the control.
Köbrukesi on kõige parem vaadelda valgustusega suurendusklaasi või valgustusega (3X) anatoomilise mikroskoobiga.
Appendixes 5 and 6 provide guidance.
Kala vaadeldakse selja poolt ja esiotsast (peaga vaatleja poole).
No observed effect concentration (NOEC) is the test concentration immediately below the LOEC, which when compared with the control, has no statistically significant effect (p < 0,05), within a stated exposure period.
Kala pannakse väikesele Petri tassile (läbimõõduga nt 100 mm) esiotsaga vaatleja poole ja kõhuga allapoole.
Test chemical: Any substance or mixture tested using this test method
Suurendusklaasi või objektiivi fookus seatakse nii, et oleks võimalik vaadelda köbrukesi.
UVCB: substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials.
Kala pööratakse ettevaatlikult ja aeglaselt küljelt küljele, et tuvastada köbrukeste piirkonnad.
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Köbrukesed loendatakse ja neid hinnatakse.
SMILES: Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification.
Vaatlust korratakse pea kõhupoolel; selleks pannakse kala Petri tassil selili esiotsaga vaatleja poole.
TEST CONDITIONS, DURATION AND SURVIVAL CRITERIA FOR RECOMMENDED SPECIES
Iga kala vaatlus tuleks viia lõpule kahe minutiga.