natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The purpose of the test is to determine the effects of the test chemical on the vegetative growth of the test species, using two response variables, average specific growth rate and yield, as follows:
Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research.
This variable is calculated for each replicate of each control and treatment group.
Chapman and Hall, London.
The mean length and weight of the three plants per test vessel (replicate) and, subsequently, the growth rate for each replicate, should be calculated using the following formula:
Draper, N. R., ja Smith, H. (1999).
From the replicate responses, a mean value for growth rate along with variance estimates should be calculated for each treatment and control group.
Applied Regression Analysis.
Percent inhibition of growth rate (Ir) may then be calculated for each test concentration (treatment group) according to the following formula:
Springer Series in Statistics, New York.
μC mean value for μin the control
O'Hara Hines, R. J., ja Lawless, J. F. (1993).
μT mean value for μin the treatment group
Modelling Overdispersion in Toxicological Mortality Data Grouped over Time.
This response variable is based on changes in total shoot length, total shoot fresh weight and total shoot dry weight, over time in the controls and each treatment group.
Biometrics 49: 107–121.
percent reduction in yield
Wang, Q., Denton, D. L., ja Shukla, R. (2000).
final biomass minus starting biomass for the control group
Applications and Statistical Properties Of Minimum Significant Difference-Based Criterion Testing In a Toxicity Testing Program.
final biomass minus starting biomass in the treatment group
Environ.
It is possible to use a weighted linear regression after having performed a linearising transformation of the response data, for instance into probit or logit or Weibull units (13), but non-linear regression procedures are preferred techniques that better handle unavoidable data irregularities and deviations from smooth distributions.
19: 113–117.
Approaching either zero or total inhibition such irregularities may be magnified by the transformation, interfering with the analysis (13).
Iga ELISA plaat, mida kasutatakse vitellogeniini määramiseks, peaks sisaldama järgmisi kvaliteedikontrolli proove: vähemalt 6 kaliibrimisstandardit, mille kontsentratsioonivahemik hõlmab vitellogeniini kontsentratsiooni eeldatavat vahemikku, ja vähemalt üks negatiivne kontroll mittespetsiifilise seondumise hindamiseks (kaks paralleelproovi).
Specific procedures for determination of ECx values from continuous data can be found in (14) (15) (16) (17).
Nende negatiivsete kontrollide puhul peaks neeldumine olema väiksem kui 5 % kaliibrimisstandardi puhul täheldatavast maksimaalsest neeldumisest.
The 95 % confidence limits for each estimate are determined and goodness of fit of the response data to the regression model should be assessed either graphically or statistically.
USA Keskkonnakaitseamet, Washington, D. C. 104 lk.
estimates and confidence limits may also be obtained using linear interpolation with bootstrapping (18), if available regression models/methods are unsuitable for the data.
Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 94.
The mean for each concentration is then compared with the control mean using an appropriate test method (e.g. Dunnett's, Williams'tests) (19) (20) (21) (22).
Pariis.
It is necessary to assess whether the ANOVA assumption of normal distribution (ND) and variance homogeneity (VH) of variance holds.
103, Suppl.
This assessment should be performed by Shapiro-Wilks-test (ND) or Levene's test (VH).
7: 173–178 (ülevaateartikkel).
If heterogeneity of variance and/or deviation from ND is extreme and cannot be corrected by transformation, analysis by methods such as Bonferroni-Welch-t-test, step-down Jonkheere Terpstra test and Bonferroni-Median-Test should be considered.
Aquat.
Additional guidance on determining the NOEC can be found in (16).
Toxicol.
REPORTING
68 (3): 277–291.
The test report includes the following details:
76 (3–4): 343–352.
duration and conditions of establishment phase;
Toxicol.
test procedure used (static, semi-static, pulsed);
Sci.
date of start of the test and its duration;
67 (1): 121–130.
description of the experimental design: growth chamber/room or laboratory, test vessels and covers, solution volumes, length and weight of test plants per test vessel at the beginning of the test, ratio of sediment surface to water surface, sediment and water volume ratio;
(2004).
test concentrations (nominal and measured as appropriate) and number of replicates per concentration;
Fish full life-cycle testing for androgen methyltestosterone on medaka (Oryzias latipes).
methods of preparation of stock and test solutions including the use of any solvents or dispersants;
Environ.
light source, irradiance (μE·m–2 s–1)
Chem.
oxygen concentrations;
Vitellogeniin
methods for determination of measurement variables, e.g., length, dry weight, fresh weight;
Valgustusperiood (koidu/hämariku üleminekuid võib korraldada, kuid neid ei peeta vajalikuks)
all deviations from this test method.
16 tundi valgust, 8 tundi pimedust
means and standard deviations for each measurement variable;
(Võib kasutada ka muid meetodeid, kui homogeniseerimine toimub jää peal ja saadakse homogeenne mass.)
doubling time/growth rate in the control based on shoot length and fresh weight including the coefficient of variation for yield of fresh weight;
Homogeniseerimispuhver:50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7,4, 1 % proteaasiinhibiitorite segu (Sigma): 12 ml Tris-HCl, pH 7,4 + 120 μl proteaasiinhibiitorite segu;TRIS: TRIS-ULTRA PURE (ICN), näiteks Taani firmalt Bie & Berntsen;proteaasiinhibiitorite segu: Sigma, tootenumber P8340 (imetajate kudede jaoks).MÄRKUS: homogeniseerimispuhver peaks olema valmistatud proovide töötlemise päeval.
calculated response variables for each treatment replicate, with mean values and coefficient of variation for replicates;
Puhvrit hoitakse kasutamise ajal jää peal.
graphical representation of the concentration/effect relationship;
Hierarhiline ANOVA: muu kui normaaljaotus
estimates of toxic endpoints for response variables e.g. EC50, and associated confidence intervals.
Jah Jah
any stimulation of growth found in any treatment;
International Standard.
any visual signs of phytotoxicity as well as observations of test solutions;
Water quality – Determination of the acute toxicity of waste water to zebrafish eggs (Danio rerio).
discussion of the results, including any influence on the outcome of the test resulting from deviations from this test method.
Nagel, R. (2002).
Chapter C.26 of this Annex: Lemna sp.
DarT: The embryo test with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) – a general model in ecotoxicology and toxicology.
Growth Inhibition Test.
Schulte, C., ja Nagel, R. (1994).
Chapter C.3 of this Annex: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test.
Testing acute toxicity in embryo of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio as alternative to the acute fish test – preliminary results.
Chapter C.50 of this Annex: Sediment-free Myriophyllum spicatum Toxicity Test.
Comparison of testing acute toxicity on embryo of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), and RTG-2 cytotoxicity as possible alternatives to the acute fish test.
, Herbicide risk assessment for non-target aquatic plants: sulfosulfuron — a case study, Pest Management Science, Vol.
Groth, G., Schreeb, K., Herdt, V., ja Freundt, K. J. (1993).
59/2, pp. 231 - 237.
Nguyen, L. T., ja Janssen, C. R. (2001).
SMART AND BARKO MEDIUM COMPOSITION
Cheng, S. H., Wai, A. W. K., So, C. H., ja Wu, R. S. S. (2000).
No value for 20 °C is available, but it can be assumed that the variability of measurement results is higher than the temperature dependence to be expected.
ISO TS 20281.
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (OJ L 304, 22.11.2007, p.
298 lk.
The US Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods.
Vöödilise daanio (Danio rerio) varase arengu valitud etapid: 0,2–1,75 tundi pärast viljastamist (allikas: Kimmel et al., 1995 (35)).
For the use of an integrated testing strategy for eye irritation under the REACH see also the ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r7a_en.pdf
pC positiivne kontroll (3,4-dikloroaniliin, 4 mg/l);
Combinations less likely to occur.
Sigipungad viiakse 20-liitrisesse akvaariumi, milles on 5 cm paksune steriilse sette kiht, mis on kaetud räniliivaga või näiteks tootega Turface® ja 18 liitri analüütilise puhtusastmega veega.
For mean it is meant arithmetic mean throughout the document.
Akvaariumi aereeritakse ja hoitakse temperatuuril 15 °C ning valguse vootihedust hoitakse 16 tunni vältel päevas väärtusel 200–300 μmol m– 2 s– 1.
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, p.
Kultuuri steriliseerimiseks eemaldatakse taimed akvaariumist ja loputatakse neid umbes 0,5 tundi voolava deioniseeritud vee all.
See Appendix 1 for definitions and units
Desinfitseerimisvahendit ja taimset materjali loksutatakse.
Sometimes denoted by POW; determined by a shake-flask method in TM A.8 (4), an HPLC method in TM A.24 (5) and a slow-stirring method in TM A.23 (6).
Mitut varresõlme sisaldavad segmendid viiakse steriilsetesse kultiveerimiseks kasutatavatesse katseklaasidesse, mis sisaldavad 45 ml steriliseeritud muudetud Andrewsi söödet ja on kaetud tavalise katseklaasikorgiga.
The generator-column technique is occasionally used for the determination of log KOW.
Igasse katsekambrisse viiakse ainult üks taimesegment.
A limited number of studies are available that makes use of this technique, primarily for chlorinated biphenyls and dibenzodioxins (e.g. Li and Doucette, 1993) (3).
Kultiveerimisnõu korgi kinnitamiseks kasutatakse laboratoorset tihenduskilet.
See Appendix 1 for definitions and units
Katse alustamiseks peavad taimed püsima katsele eelneva kaheksa nädala vältel steriilsed; seda tõendatakse agariga tassidel kultiveerimise teel.“
TLC: thin layer chromatography; HPLC: high pressure liquid chromatography; GC: gas chromatography
153: 199–206.
In general, measured concentrations in water during the uptake phase should be at least an order of magnitude above the limit of quantification so that more than one half-life of body burden can be measured in the depuration phase of the study.
21 (3): 251–263.
For most test substances, there should ideally be no detections in the control water.
Christensen, E. R., ja Nyholm, N. (1984).
TOC includes organic carbon from particles and dissolved organic carbon, i.e. TOC = POC + DOC.
18 (9): 713–718.
Although not generally recommended, if a solvent or solubilising agent is used the organic carbon originating from this agent should be added to the organic carbon from the test substance to evaluate the concentration of organic carbon in the test vessels.
11 (10): 1485–1494.
If the lipid content is not analysed in the same fish as the test substance, fish should at least be of the similar weight, and (if relevant) the same sex.
Brain, P., ja Cousens, R. (1989).
This alternative is only valid if the fish in all test groups are held in similar group sizes, fish are removed according to the same pattern and fed in the same way.
An equation to describe dose-responses where there is stimulation of growth at low doses.
This ensures that fish growth in all test groups is similar, if the tested concentration is below the toxic range.
Weed Res. 29 (2): 93–96.
If the growth is similar, also the lipid content is expected to be similar.
Määratakse muutumatu kontsentratsiooniga lahuste UV- või nähtava valguse neeldumisspekter pH eri väärtustel, millel aine on peamiselt ioniseerimata, on täielikult ioniseeritud, ning veel mitmel vahepealsel pH väärtusel.
A different growth in the control would indicate a substance effect and invalidate the study.
Seda võib teha kas kontsentreeritud happe (aluse) väikeste ruumalaliste koguste lisamisega uuritava aine lahuse suhteliselt suurele ruumalalisele kogusele paljukomponendilises puhvris, mis on algul väikese (suure) pH-ga (viide 5), või uuritava aine põhilahuse (nt vees, metanoolis) võrdses ruumalas lisamisega muutumatu ruumalaga eri puhverlahustele, mille pH väärtused katavad kogu soovitud pH-vahemiku. pH väärtustest ja neeldumise väärtustest valitud lainepikkusel arvutatakse piisav arv pKa väärtusi, kasutades andmeid, mis on saadud vähemalt viiel pH väärtusel, millel aine on vähemalt 10 % ja vähem kui 90 % ioniseeritud.
A t-test on growth rate constants can be performed, to test whether growth differs between control and test groups, or an F-test in case of analysis of variance.
, Statistical Principles in Experimental Design.
If needed, an F-test or likelihood ratio test can be used to assist in the choice of the appropriate growth model (OECD monograph 54, (32).
„United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)“, ST/SG/AC.10/30 Rev 4, New York and Geneva: United Nations.
These percentages assume that the analytical methods are reliable and the half life is < 14 days.
liide
If the analytical methods are less reliable or the half life is (greatly) increased these numbers will become larger.
Background review document: „Current Status of In Vitro Test Methods for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants: Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method“.
CI confidence interval (where possible to estimate)
„Justification of the enucleated eye test with eyes of slaughterhouse animals as an alternative to the Draize eye irritation test with rabbits“.
The minimised test may in fact be used to demonstrate rapid metabolism when it is known that rapid metabolism is likely.
Kui hinnatakse naha sensibiliseerimise katsemeetodeid, milles ei kasutata katseloomi, tuleb lisaks arvestada sellega, et LLNA nagu ka muud loomkatsed ei pruugi täielikult peegeldada kemikaali tegelikku toimet huvipakkuva liigi, s.o inimese puhul.
When intermediate data points are also available confidence limits for BCFKm can be calculated as in the full test.
Kokkuvõttes nähtub sellest teabest, et DPRA on kasulik meetod, mis aitab kindlaks teha naha sensibiliseerimise ohtu.
1), this issue is addressed in the “Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment”, chapter R.7c, R.7.10.3.1; R.7.10.4.1; and figure R7.10-2.
See katsemeetod ei ole kohaldatav metalliühendite testimiseks, sest teadaolevalt reageerivad need valkudega muude mehhanismide kaudu kui kovalentne sidumine.
This approach differs from “normalisation” to a set organism lipid content as is done in the aqueous exposure bioconcentration test.
Kui kemikaal osutub HBSSis sellel kontsentratsioonil siiski lahustumatuks, tuleb kaaluda FL-katsemeetodi asemel muu katsemeetodi kasutamist.
Total length should also be recorded during the test as it is a good indicator of whether an adverse effect has occurred.
Kerge mineraalõli kasutamisesse lahustina juhul, kui kemikaal osutub HBSSis lahustumatuks, tuleb suhtuda ettevaatusega, sest ei ole piisavalt andmeid, et teha järeldus FL-katse toimivusest sellistel tingimustel.
HCB is listed in Annexes A and C to the Stockholm Convention, and in Annexes I and III of Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 on persistent organic pollutants (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p.
EPA (1996), Label Review Manual: 2nd Edition, EPA737-B-96-001, Washington DC, U.S.
7)
kemikaalid, mida ei ole klassifitseeritud ÜRO GHSi kategooriatesse 1, 2A või 2B; ELi CLP-määruse 1. või 2. kategooriasse; või US EPA silmi ärritava toimega kemikaalide I, II või III kategooriasse.
For rapid growth during the uptake phase the true feeding rate will decrease below that set at the beginning of exposure.
Lahusti/vehiikuli kontroll uuritava kemikaaliga töötlemata proov, mis sisaldab kõiki katsesüsteemi komponente, sealhulgas lahustit või vehiikulit, ja mida töödeldakse samamoodi kui uuritava kemikaaliga töödeldud proovi ja muude kontrollide proove, et määrata samas lahustis või vehiikulis lahustatud uuritava kemikaaliga töödeldud proovide tekitatud reaktsiooni lähtetaseme väärtus.
In an aqueous exposure study, a 14-day half-life would correspond to a BCF of ca.
Kui seda proovi uuritakse paralleelselt negatiivse kontrolli prooviga, siis näitab see, kas lahusti või vehiikul reageerib katsesüsteemiga.
10000 L/kg using fish of 1 g with a corresponding uptake rate of about 500 L/kg/d (according to the equation of Sijm et al (46)).
Negatiivne kontroll
Since the actual internal concentrations can only be determined after the test has been performed, an estimate of the expected internal concentration is needed (e.g. based on the expected BMF and the concentration in the food; cf.
uuritava ainega töötlemata paralleelproov, mis sisaldab kõiki katsesüsteemi komponente.
The presence of the test substance in the test medium as a result of excretion by the fish or leaching from food may not be totally avoidable.
Ohtlikkus mõjuri või olukorra iseloomulik omadus, mis võib põhjustada kahjulikku toimet, kui organism, süsteem või (alam-)populatsioon selle mõjuriga kokku puutub.
Therefore one option is to measure the substance concentration in water at the end of the uptake period, especially if a semi-static set up is used, to help to establish whether any aqueous exposure has occurred.
Positiivne kontroll
This approach is specific to the dietary study, distinct from the procedure followed in the aqueous exposure, hence the word “correction” has been used rather than “normalisation” to prevent confusion — see also footnote in paragraph 106.
Näiteks tuleks ainete puhul, mille log KOW on suur, kuid mille lahustuvus vees on olemasolevate analüüsimeetodite tundlikkust silmas pidades siiski arvestatav, kaaluda kõigepealt veekaudse kokkupuute katse tegemist.
A foodstuff analysis technique for protein, lipid, crude fibre and ash content; this information is usually available from the feed supplier.
Kui selgub, et selle meetodiga saadud hinnanguline k1 väärtus on ebausaldusväärne, tuleks k1 ja k2 arvutamiseks kasutada üheaegse analüüsi meetodit.
SD Standard deviation (where possible to estimate).
55: 614–622.
Other daphnids may be used provided they meet the validity criteria as appropriate (the validity criterion relating to the reproductive output in the controls should be relevant for all species).
Lahustunud hapniku kontsentratsioon peab olema üle 3 mg/l katse alguses ja kestel. pH peaks olema vahemikus 6–9 ning see ei tohiks ühe katse jooksul muutuda rohkem kui 1,5 ühikut.
If other daphnid are used they should be clearly identified and their use justified.
, A Primer of Population Biology.
Accidental mortality: non chemical related mortality caused by an accidental incidence (i.e. known cause)
A Primer of Population Biology.
Inadvertent mortality: non chemical related mortality with no known cause
OECD (2012).
The test solution is determined by titration with the standard base or acid solution as appropriate, measuring the pH after each addition of titrant.
Fish Toxicity Testing Framework.
At least 10 incremental additions should be made before the equivalence point.
Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 171.
The degree of dissociation may then be calculated from the conductivity of each solution using the Onsager equation, and hence using the Ostwald Dilution Law the dissociation constant may be calculated as K = α2C/(1 – α) where C is the concentration in moles per litre and α is the fraction dissociated.
OECD, Pariis.
Precautions must be taken to exclude CO2.
ASTM (1988).
Albert, A. & Sergeant, E.P.: Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases, Wiley, Inc., New York, 1962.
Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes.
& Faust, S.D.: Acidic dissociation constants of selected aquatic herbicides, Env.
Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Protocol and Procedures.
Tech.
Hutchinson, T. H., et al.
ASTM D 1293 — Annual ASTM Standards, Philadelphia, 1974.
Acute and chronic effects of carrier solvents in aquatic organisms: A critical review.
Clark, J. & Cunliffe, A.E.: Rapid spectrophotometric measurement of ionisation constants in aqueous solution.
Toxicol.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 60th ed.
(1996).
source, housing conditions, diet, etc.
USA Keskkonnakaitseamet, teadus- ja arendustegevuse büroo, Washington, D. C.
Anaesthetics and analgesics
Dunnett, C. W.
Barratt, M.D., et al.
A multiple comparisons procedure for comparing several treatments with a control.
Worth A.P. and Fentem J.H.
Stat.
Young, J.R., et al.
Assoc.
Fentem, J.H., et al.
McClave, J. T., Sullivan, J. H., ja Pearson, J. G. (1980).
OECD (2000), Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (Rahvusvaheline Puhta Keemia ja Rakenduskeemia Liit).
National Research Council (NRC) (2008), Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification (lihtsustatud molekulaarse sisendrea sisestamissüsteem).
ICCVAM (2010), ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report: Recommendations for Routine Use of Topical Anesthetics, Systemic Analgesics, and Humane Endpoints to Avoid or Minimize Pain and Distress in Ocular Safety Testing, NIH Publication No. 10-7514, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Hinnatakse mudelite sobivust: a) visuaalselt, b) võrreldakse omavahel mudelikohast ja tegelikku protsentuaalset mõju määra, c) uuritava muutuja keskväärtust kontrollrühmas võrreldakse mudelikohase keskväärtusega, d) regressioonanalüüsi kohast hälvete ruutude summat võrreldakse F-testi abil puhta vea ruutude summaga.
ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance.
Tatarazako, N., et al.
A chemical that produces a reversible change in the eye; (b) Chemicals that are classified as EPA Category II or III ocular irritants; or GHS eye irritants Category 2, 2A or 2B; or EU Category 2 (17) (18) (19).
(2004).
A chemical that causes tissue damage in the eye that does not resolve within 21 days of application or causes serious physical decay of vision; (b) Chemicals that are classified as GHS eye irritant Category 1, or EPA Category I ocular irritants, or EU Category 1 (17) (18) (19).
Screening and testing for endocrine disruption in fish – biomarkers as „signposts,“ not „traffic lights,“ in risk assessment.
If that test does not reveal any corrosive or severe irritant effects, a confirmatory test is conducted with two additional animals.
Health Persp.
Worth, A.P. and Fentem J.H.
Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: A Guidance to Application.
Fentem, J.H., Archer, G.E.B., Balls, M., Botham, P.A., Curren, R.D., Earl, L.K., Edsail, D.J., Holzhutter, H.G. and Liebsch, M. (1998) The ECVAM international validation study on in vitro tests for skin corrosivity.
Peer-Review Results for the Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay.
Effects of Alkalinity on the Eye Irritation Potential of Solutions Prepared at a Single pH.
30. jaanuar 2008.
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Ankley, G. T., Jensen, K. M., Makynen, E. A., Kahl, M. D., Korte, J. J., Hornung, M. W., Henry, T. R., Denny, J. S., Leino, R. L., Wilson, V. S., Cardon, M. C., Hartig, P. C., ja Gray, E. L. (2003).
If cells from more than one donor are pooled for use, the number of donors should be specified.
Development and validation of a teratogenicity screening test with embryos of the zebrafish (Danio rerio).