natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Total Area:
Kui toime sõltuvus kontsentratsioonist on ligikaudu monotoonne, võib kasutada muid statistilisi teste (nt Jonckheere'i-Terpstra või Williamsi test).
TW Mean:
Sobivaima statistilise testi leidmist hõlbustav statistilise analüüsi valimise vooskeem on esitatud 8. liites.
Days is the number of days in the renewal period
Täiendav teave on kättesaadav ka OECD dokumendis, milles käsitletakse praegusi meetodeid ökotoksilisuse andmete statistiliseks analüüsiks (28).
Conc 0 is the measured concentration at the start of each renewal period
Katsetulemuste esitamine
Conc 1 is the measured concentration at the end of each renewal period
Uuringu andmed peavad hõlmama järgmist.
Ln(Conc 0) is the natural logarithm of Conc 0
Uurimislabor:
Ln(Conc 1) is the natural logarithm of Conc 1
vastutavad töötajad ja nende kohustused uuringus;
Area is the area under the exponential curve for each renewal period.
iga labori pädevus peaks olema mitmesuguste representatiivsete kemikaalide kasutamise kaudu tõendatud.
It is calculated by:
uuritava kemikaali iseloomustus;
Conc0
füüsikalised ja asjakohased füüsikalis-keemilised omadused;
Conc1
katses kasutatud kontsentratsiooniga lahuste valmistamise meetod ja sagedus;
LnConc0
teave püsivuse ja biolagundatavuse kohta.
LnConc1
lahusti iseloomustus (kirjeldus, kasutatud kontsentratsioon);
The time-weighted mean (TW Mean) is the Total Area divided by the Total Days.
lahusti valimise põhjendus (kui see on muu kui vesi).
Of course, for the Daphnia reproduction test the table should be extended to cover 21 days.
liik ja liin;
It is clear that when observations are taken only at the start and end of each renewal period, it is not possible to confirm that the decay process in, in fact, exponential.
tarnija ja tema konkreetne käitis;
A different curve would result in a different calculation for Area.
kalade vanus katse alguses ja nende paljunemisvõime/kudemisseisund;
However, an exponential decay process is not implausible and is probably the best curve to use in the absence of other information.
kalade kohandamise meetodi üksikasjad;
However, a word of caution is required if the chemical analysis fails to find any chemical at the end of the renewal period.
kalade kehamass kemikaaliga kokkupuute alguses (kalaparvest võetud osaproovi põhjal).
Unless it is possible to estimate how quickly the chemical disappeared from the solution, it is impossible to obtain a realistic area under the curve, and hence it is impossible to obtain a reasonable time-weighted mean.
kasutatud katsemeetod (katse tüüp, biomassisisaldus, asustustihedus jne);
GUIDANCE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF NEONATE SEX
põhilahuse valmistamise meetod ja voolukiirus;
Production of male neonates can occur under changing environmental conditions, such as shortening photoperiod, temperature, decreasing food concentration, and increasing population density (Hobaek and Larson, 1990; Kleiven et al., 1992).
nominaalsed katsekontsentratsioonid, igal nädalal mõõdetud katselahuste kontsentratsioonid ja kasutatud analüüsimeetod, katsenõudes mõõdetud väärtuste keskmised ja nende standardhälbed ning tõendid selle kohta, et mõõtmistulemused kajastavad uuritava kemikaali sisaldust tõelises lahuses;
Male production is also a known response to certain insect growth regulators (Oda et al., 2005).
lahjendusvee omadused (pH, karedus, leelisus, temperatuur, lahustunud hapniku sisaldus, kloorijääkide sisaldus, orgaanilise süsiniku üldsisaldus, hõljuvaine sisaldus ja kõik muud mõõdetud näitajad);
Under conditions where chemical stressors are inducing a decrease in reproductive offspring from the parthenogenic females, an increased number of males would be expected (OECD, 2008).
vee kvaliteet katsenõudes: pH, karedus, temperatuur ja lahustunud hapniku sisaldus;
On the basis of available information, it is not possible to predict which of the sex ratio or of the reproduction endpoint will be more sensitive; however, there are indications (reference “validation report”, part 1) this increase in the number of males might be less sensitive than the decrease in offspring.
üksikasjalik teave söötmise kohta (nt sööda liik, päritolu, lisatud kogus ja söötmissagedus ning asjakohaste saasteainete (nt polüklooritud bifenüülid, polütsüklilised aromaatsed süsivesinikud ja kloororgaanilised pestitsiidid) määramise korral sellise analüüsi tulemused).
Since the primary purpose of the test method is to assess the number of offspring produced, the appearance of males is an optional observation.
tõendid selle kohta, et kontrollid vastasid nõuetekohasuse kriteeriumidele;
If this optional endpoint is evaluated in a study, then an additional test validity criterion of no more than 5 % males in the controls should be employed.
andmed suremuse kohta iga katsekontsentratsiooni ja kontrolli puhul;
The most practical and easy way to differentiate sex of Daphnia is to use their phenotypic characteristics, as males and females are genetically identical and their sex is environmentally determined.
kasutatud statistilise analüüsi meetodid, teave andmete töötlemise kohta ja selleks kasutatud meetodite valimise põhjendus;
Males and females are different in the length and morphology of the first antennae, which are longer in males than females (Fig.
bioloogiliste vaatluste andmed üldiste morfoloogiliste muutuste, sealhulgas teiseste sootunnuste kohta, samuti marja tootmise ja vitellogeniini kohta;
1).
andmete analüüsi tulemused, soovitatavalt tabelite ja graafikute kujul;
This difference is recognizable right after birth, although other secondary sex characteristics develop as they grow up (e.g. see Fig.
kalade ebatavaliste reaktsioonide esinemissagedus ja kõik uuritava kemikaali põhjustatud nähtavad ilmingud.
2 in Olmstead and LeBlanc, 2000).
KATSETULEMUSTE TÕLGENDAMISE JA KEHTIVAKS TUNNISTAMISE JUHISED
To observe the morphological sex, neonates produced by each test animal should be transferred by pipet and placed into a petri dish with test medium.
Käesolevas jaotises on esitatud mõned kaalutlused, mida tuleb arvesse võtta katses mõõdetavate eri lõppnäitajate puhul saadud tulemuste tõlgendamisel.
The medium is kept to a minimum to restrain movement of the animals.
Kui uuritav kemikaal näib põhjustavat ilmset mürgistust või mõjutavat katseloomade üldist seisundit, tuleks tulemuste tõlgendamisel olla ettevaatlik.
Observation of the first antennae can be conducted under a stereomicroscope (× 10-60).
Katsekontsentratsioonide vahemiku valimisel tuleks jälgida, et ei ületataks maksimaalset talutavat kontsentratsiooni; vastasel juhul ei ole võimalik andmeid mõistlikult tõlgendada.
our-old male (left) and female (right) of D. magna.
On oluline, et vähemalt ühe kontsentratsiooni juures ei täheldataks mingeid mürgisuse nähte.
Males can be distinguished from females by the length and morphology of the first antennae as shown in the circles (Tatarazako et al., 2004)
Haiguse ja mürgise toime ilminguid tuleks põhjalikult hinnata ja esitada need katseprotokollis.
REFERENCES:
Näiteks on võimalik, et vitellogeniini sünteesi emaskalades võib mõjutada ka kemikaali üldine mürgisus ja muu kui endokriinse mehhanismi kaudu avalduv mürgisus, näiteks hepatotoksilisus.
In Part C, Chapter C.29, paragraph 66 is replaced by the following:
Mõju tõlgendamist võivad hõlbustada sellistel kontsentratsioonidel saadud andmed, mille juures tulemusi ei moonuta süsteemne mürgisus.
A test is considered valid if:
Katsetulemuste kehtivaks tunnistamisel tuleb arvesse võtta mitut aspekti.
the mean percentage degradation in vessels FC containing the reference chemical is > 60 % by the 14th day of incubation; and
Tuleks juhinduda sellest, et vitellogeniini tase kontrollrühmades peaks isas- ja emaskaladel olema erinev ning see erinevus peaks olema tüseda tömpnina ja vöödilise daanio puhul umbes kolm suurusjärku ning jaapani riisikala puhul umbes üks suurusjärk.
the mean amount of TIC present in the blank controls FB at the end of the test is < 3mg C/l.
Näited kontrollrühmades ja uuritava kemikaaliga rühmades saadud väärtuste vahemiku kohta on esitatud valideerimisaruannetes (1–4).
If these limits are not met, the test should be repeated with an inoculum from another source and/or the procedures used should be reviewed.
Kõrge vitellogeniinitase kontrollrühma isaskaladel võib negatiivselt mõjutada meetodi tundlikkust ja nõrkade östrogeeni agonistide tuvastamise võimet.
For example, if high blank IC production is a problem the procedure given in paragraphs 27 to 32 should be followed.’
Madal vitellogeniinitase kontrollrühma emaskaladel võib negatiivselt mõjutada meetodi tundlikkust ning aromataasi inhibiitorite ja östrogeeni antagonistide tuvastamise võimet.
In Part C, the following Chapters are added:
Kõnealuseid valideerimisuuringuid kasutati käesolevate juhiste väljatöötamiseks.
Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test
Marja tootmise kvantitatiivse hindamise puhul tuleb silmas pidada, et see varieerub suurel määral (vastav variatsioonikordaja võib olla 20–60 %); see piirab võimalust tuvastada katses marja tootmise olulist vähenemist, kui see jääb alla 70 % ja variatsioonikordaja on ligi 50 % või suurem.
This test method is equivalent to OECD test guideline (TG) 210 (2013).
Kui variatsioonikordaja väärtus on väiksem (umbes 20–30 %), on meetodi võimsus piisav (80 %), et tuvastada marja tootmise vähenemine 40–50 % võrra.
Tests with the early-life stages of fish are intended to define the lethal and sub-lethal effects of chemicals on the stages and species tested.
Tüseda tömpnina puhul kasutatav katseplaan, millega nähakse muu hulgas ette neli paralleeli iga kontsentratsiooni kohta, peaks võimaldama määrata kõnealuse sigivust iseloomustava lõppnäitaja suurema võimsusega kui üksnes kahe paralleeliga katseplaan.
They yield information of value for the estimation of the chronic lethal and sub-lethal effects of the chemical on other fish species.
Kui laboris ei ole asjaomast katset varem läbi viidud või seal on tehtud olulisi muudatusi (nt on muutunud kalade liin või tarnija), on soovitatav teha tehnilise pädevuse katse.
Test guideline 210 is based on a proposal from the United Kingdom which was discussed at a meeting of OECD experts convened at Medmenham (United Kingdom) in November 1988 and further updated in 2013 to reflect experience in using the test and recommendations from an OECD workshop on fish toxicity testing, held in September 2010 (1).
Soovitatavalt tuleks kasutada kemikaale, mille puhul täheldatakse kõigi kemikaalide lõikes rida eri toimemehhanisme või mõju mitmele katses kasutatavale lõppnäitajale.
The early-life stages of fish are exposed to a range of concentrations of the test chemical dissolved in water.
Praktikas kutsutakse iga laborit üles looma varasemate kontrollrühmi käsitlevate andmete põhjal oma andmestikku isas- ja emaskalade kohta ning tegema positiivse kontrolli katse östrogeense toimega kemikaaliga (nt 17β-östradiool kontsentratsioonis 100 ng/l või mõni teadaolev nõrk agonist), mille mõjul tõuseb vitellogeniini tase isaskalades, positiivse kontrolli katse aromataasi pärssiva kemikaaliga (nt fadrosool või prokloraas kontsentratsioonis 300 μg/l), mille toimel väheneb vitellogeniinisisaldus emaskalades, ning positiivse kontrolli katse androgeense toimega kemikaaliga (nt 17β-trenboloon kontsentratsioonis 5 μg/l), mis põhjustab emastel tüsedatel tömpninadel ja jaapani riisikaladel isaskalade teiseste sootunnuste ilmumist.
Flow-through conditions are preferred; however, if it is not possible semi-static conditions are acceptable.
Labori pädevuses veendumiseks võib kõiki neid andmeid võrrelda valideerimisuuringute (1–3) kättesaadavate andmetega.
For details the OECD guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures should be consulted (2).
Üldiselt tuleks vitellogeniini määramise tulemused lugeda positiivseks, kui vähemalt suurimal katses kasutatud kontsentratsioonil tuvastatakse kontrollrühmaga võrreldes vitellogeniinitaseme statistiliselt oluline (p < 0,05) tõus isaskalades või statistiliselt oluline (p < 0,05) langus emaskalades, kui samas ei ilmne üldise mürgisuse nähte.
The test is initiated by placing fertilised eggs in test chambers and is continued for a species-specific time period that is necessary for the control fish to reach a juvenile life-stage.
Positiivset tulemust toetab täiendavalt kontsentratsiooni ja toime vahelise bioloogiliselt usutava sõltuvuse tuvastamine.
Lethal and sub-lethal effects are assessed and compared with control values to determine the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in order to determine the (i) no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and/or (ii) ECx (e.g. EC10, EC20) by using a regression model to estimate the concentration that would cause a x % change in the effect measured.
Nagu eespool märgitud, ei pruugi vitellogeniinisisalduse vähenemine olla tingitud üksnes endokriinsest toimest, kuid positiivset tulemust tuleks üldjuhul tõlgendada tõendina endokriinse toime kohta in vivo ja sellist toimet tuleks selguse saamiseks tavaliselt täiendavalt uurida.
Reporting of relevant effect concentrations and parameters may depend upon the regulatory framework.
Reguleerivad asutused võivad nõuda sugunäärmete histopatoloogilist hindamist, mis võimaldab teha kindlaks katseloomade paljunemisvõime ja hinnata katsetulemuste kaalukust.
The test concentrations should bracket the ECx so that the ECx comes from interpolation rather than extrapolation (see Appendix 1 for definitions).
Sugunäärmete histopatoloogiline analüüs ei pruugi olla vajalik juhul, kui vitellogeniini või teiseste sootunnuste määramise tulemused on positiivsed (st täheldatakse vitellogeniinisisalduse suurenemist või vähenemist või vastassoo teiseste sootunnuste ilmumist).
Test chemical refers to what is being tested.
Owens, J. W.
The water solubility (see chapter A.6 of this Annex) and the vapour pressure (see chapter A.4 of this Annex) of the test chemical should be known and a reliable analytical method for the quantification of the chemical in the test solutions with known and reported accuracy and limit of quantification should be available.
USA Keskkonnakaitseamet (2007).
Although not necessary to conduct the test, results from an acute toxicity test (see chapters C.1 or C.49 of this Annex), preferably performed with the species chosen for this test, may provide useful information.
Sumpter, J. P., ja Jobling, S. (1995).
If the test method is used for the testing of a mixture, its composition should as far as possible be characterised, e.g. by the chemical identity of its constituents, their quantitative occurrence and their substance-specific properties (like those mentioned above).
Pawlowski, S., et al.
Before use of the test method for regulatory testing of a mixture, it should be considered whether it will provide acceptable results for the intended regulatory purpose.
(2004).
Useful information includes the structural formula, purity of the substance, water solubility, stability in water and light, pKa, Pow and results of a test for ready biodegradability (e.g. chapters C.4 or C.29 of this Annex).
Andersen, L., et al.
the dissolved oxygen concentration should be > 60 % of the air saturation value throughout the test;
(2006).
the water temperature should not differ by more than ± 1,5 °C between test chambers or between successive days at any time during the test, and should be within the temperature ranges specified for the test species (Appendix 2);
Ankley, G. T., et al.
the analytical measure of the test concentrations is compulsory.
(2002).
overall survival of fertilised eggs and post-hatch success in the controls and, where relevant, in the solvent controls should be greater than or equal to the limits defined in Appendix 2.
Panter, G. H., et al.
If a minor deviation from the validity criteria is observed, the consequences should be considered in relation to the reliability of the test data and these considerations should be included in the report.
(2004).
Effects on survival, hatch or growth occurring in the solvent control, when compared to the negative control, should be reported and discussed in the context of the reliability of the test data.
Parks, L. G., et al.
Test chambers
(1999).
Any glass, stainless steel or other chemically inert vessels can be used.
C 123 (2): 113–125.
As silicone is known to have a strong capacity to absorb lipophilic substances, the use of silicone tubing in flow-through studies and use of silicone seals in contact with water should be minimised by the use of e.g. monoblock glass aquaria.
Fenske, M., et al.
The dimensions of the vessels should be large enough to allow proper growth in the control, maintenance of dissolved oxygen concentration (e.g. for small fish species, a 7 L tank volume will achieve this) and compliance with the loading rate criteria given in paragraph 19.
(2001).
It is desirable that test chambers be randomly positioned in the test area.
C 129 (3): 217–232.
A randomised block design with each treatment being present in each block is preferable to a completely randomised design.
Holbech, H., et al.
The test chambers should be shielded from unwanted disturbance.
(2001).
The test system should preferably be conditioned with concentrations of the test chemical for a sufficient duration to demonstrate stable exposure concentrations prior to the introduction of test organisms.
Vitellogenin induction by 17b-estradiol and 17a-ethinylestradiol in male zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Recommended fish species are given in Table 1.
C 131: 531–539.
This does not preclude the use of other species, but the test procedure may have to be adapted to provide suitable test conditions.
Brion, F., et al.
Holding of the brood fish
(2002).
Details on holding the brood stock under satisfactory conditions may be found in Appendix 3 and the references cited (3)(4)(5).
Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure vitellogenin in the zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Handling of fertilised eggs, embryos and larvae
Environ.
Initially, fertilised eggs, embryos and larvae may be exposed within the main vessel in smaller glass or stainless steel vessels, fitted with mesh sides or ends to permit a flow of test solution through the vessel.
Toxicol.
Non-turbulent flow-through in these small vessels may be induced by suspending them from an arm arranged to move the vessel up and down but always keeping the organisms submerged.
Chem.
Fertilised eggs of salmonid fishes can be supported on racks or meshes with apertures sufficiently large to allow larvae to drop through after hatching.
21: 1699–1708.
Where egg containers, grids or meshes have been used to hold eggs within the main test vessel, these restraints should be removed after the larvae hatch, according to the guidance in Appendix 3, except that meshes should be retained to prevent the escape of the larvae.
Yokota, H., et al.
If there is a need to transfer the larvae, they should not be exposed to the air and nets should not be used to release larvae from egg containers.
(2001).
The timing of this transfer varies with the species and should be documented in the report.
Development of an ELISA for determination of the hepatic vitellogenin in medaka (Oryzias latipes).
However, a transfer may not always be necessary.
Jpn.
Any water in which the test species shows suitable long-term survival and growth may be used as test water (see Appendix 4).
J. Environ.
It should be of constant quality during the period of the test.
Toxicol.
In order to ensure that the dilution water will not unduly influence the test result (for example by complexation of test chemical), or adversely affect the performance of the brood stock, samples should be taken at intervals for analysis.
50: 301–308.
Measurements of heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cd, Ni), major anions and cations (e.g. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, SO42–), ammonia, total residual chlorine pesticides, total organic carbon and suspended solids should be made, for example, on a bi-annual basis where a dilution water is known to be relatively constant in quality.
Effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17β-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow.
If the water is known to be of variable quality the measurements have to be conducted more often; the frequency is dependent of how variable the quality is.
Environ.
Some chemical characteristics of an acceptable dilution water are listed in Appendix 4.
Toxicol.
For flow-through tests, a system which continually dispenses and dilutes a stock solution of the test chemical (e.g. metering pump, proportional diluter, saturator system) is required to deliver a series of concentrations to the test chambers.
Chem.
The flow rates of stock solutions and dilution water should be checked at intervals during the test and should not vary by more than 10 % throughout the test.
22 (6): 1350–1360.
A flow rate equivalent to at least five test chamber volumes per 24 hours has been found suitable (3).
Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 123.
However, if the loading rate specified in paragraph 19 is respected, a lower flow rate of e.g. 2-3 test chamber volumes is possible to prevent quick removal of food.
Pariis.
Test solutions of the chosen concentrations are prepared by dilution of a stock solution.
OECD (2000).
The stock solution should preferably be prepared by simply mixing or agitating the test chemical in dilution water by using mechanical means (e.g. stirring and/or ultrasonication).
Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures.
Saturation columns (solubility columns) or passive dosing methods (6) can be used for achieving a suitable concentrated stock solution.
76: 69–92.
The use of a solvent carrier is not recommended.
114, Suppl.
However, in case a solvent is necessary, a solvent control should be run in parallel, at the same solvent concentration as the chemical treatments; i.e. the solvent level should preferably be equal across all concentrations as well as the solvent control.
1: 106–114.
For some diluter systems this might be technically difficult; here the solvent concentration in the solvent control should be equal to the highest solvent concentration in the treatment group.
Miles-Richardson, S. R., et al.
For difficult to test substances, the OECD Guidance Document No. 23 on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures should be consulted (2).
(1999).
If a solvent is used, the choice of solvent will be determined by the chemical properties of the substance.
47: 129–145.
The OECD Guidance Document No. 23 recommends a maximum concentration of 100 μl/l.
Martinovic, D., et al.
To avoid potential effect of the solvent on endpoints measured (7), it is recommended to keep solvent concentration as low as possible.
(2008).
For a semi-static test, two different renewal procedures may be followed.
27: 478–488.
Either new test solutions are prepared in clean vessels and surviving eggs and larvae gently transferred into the new vessels, or the test organisms are retained in the test vessels whilst a proportion (at least two thirds) of the test solution / control volume is changed.
OECD (2012).
The test should start as soon as possible after the eggs have been fertilised and preferably being immersed in the test solutions before cleavage of the blastodisc commences, or as close as possible after this stage.
OECD Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupters.
The test duration will depend upon the species used.
Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 150.
Some recommended durations are given in Appendix 2.
OECD, Pariis.
The number of fertilised eggs at the start of the test should be sufficient to meet statistical requirements.
LÜHENDID JA MÕISTED
They should be randomly distributed among treatments, and at least 80 eggs, divided equally between at least four replicate test chambers, should be used per concentration.
aine või segu.
The loading rate (biomass per volume of test solution) should be low enough in order that a dissolved oxygen concentration of at least 60 % of the air saturation value can be maintained without aeration during the egg and larval stage.
Biomassisisaldus