natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
the amount of calcium carbonate to be added may depend principally on the quality/nature of the peat (see Note 1).
28–35 päeva pärast täiskasvanud emasloomade viimist puhtasse kasvatusnõusse võetakse nõust täiskasvanud emasloomad katse tegemiseks.
The amount of CaCO3 required will depend on the components of the soil substrate and should be determined by measuring the pH of soil sub-samples immediately before the test (14).
Täiskasvanud emasloomi saab muus arenguetapis olevaist loomadest ja isasloomadest hõlpsalt eristada nende suuremate mõõtmete, paisunud kehakuju (isasloomad on peenemad ja lamedad) ja seljakilbi pruuni värvuse järgi: ebaküpsete lestade värvus varieerub valgest kreemikani.
The peat content of the artificial soil deviates from other test methods on soil organisms, where in most cases 10 % peat is used (e.g. (15)).
Lestade areng temperatuuril 20 °C toimub üldjoontes vastavalt allpool kirjeldatud skeemile (joonis):
However, according to EPPO (16) a typical agricultural soil has not more than 5 % organic matter, and the reduction in peat content thus reflects the decreased possibilities of a natural soil for sorption of the test chemical to organic carbon.
munastaadium 5 päeva, vastsestaadium 2 päeva, protonümfi staadium 5 päeva, deutonümfi staadium 7 päeva, emaslooma munemiseelne periood 2 päeva.
If required, e.g. for specific testing purposes, natural soils from unpolluted sites may also serve as test and/or culture substrate.
Seejärel on lestad täiskasvanud.
However, if natural soil is used, it should be characterised at least by origin (collection site), pH, texture (particle size distribution) and organic matter content.
Joonis.
If available, the type and name of the soil according to soil classification should be included, and the soil should be free from any contamination.
Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer'i areng temperatuuril 20 °C.
In case the test chemical is a metal or organo-metal, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the natural soil should also be determined.
(„Eemaldamine” – katses kasutatavate emasloomade eemaldamine.)
Special attention should be paid to meet the validity criteria as background information on natural soils typically is rare.
Täiskasvanud katseloomad eemaldatakse sünkroonitud kultuurist ja viiakse katsenõudesse 28–35 päeva pärast seda, kui eelmise põlvkonna emasloomad on alustanud munemist (st 7–14 päeva pärast täiskasvanuks saamist).
For the determination of pH a mixture of soil and 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) or 0,01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution in a 1:5 ratio is used (see (14) and Appendix 3).
Sellega tagatakse, et katseloomad on munemiseelse etapi juba läbinud ja kultiveerimisnõus olevate isasloomadega paaritunud.
If the soil is more acidic than the required range (see paragraph 10), it can be adjusted by addition of an appropriate amount of CaCO3.
Laborikultuurides tehtud vaatlustest nähtub, et isasloomade juuresolekul paarituvad emasloomad kohe või veidi aega pärast täiskasvanuks saamist (Ruf, Vaninnen, isiklikud tähelepanekud).
If the soil is too alkaline it can be adjusted by the addition of more of the mixture comprising the first three components described in paragraph 10, but excluding the CaCO3.
Seitsme päeva pikkune periood on valitud selleks, et hõlbustada ühildamist laboritöö tavarütmiga ja jätta ruumi individuaalse varieeruvuse jaoks lestade arengus.
Two to seven days before starting the test, the dry artificial soil is pre-moistened by adding enough distilled or de-ionised water to obtain approximately half of the final water content, that being 40 to 60 % of the maximum WHC.
Munemist peaks alustama vähemalt sama palju emasloomi, kui vajatakse hiljem katse jaoks.
The moisture content is adjusted to 40-60 % of the maximum WHC by the addition of the test chemical solution and/or by adding distilled or de-ionised water (see paragraphs 16-18).
Näiteks kui katse jaoks on vaja 400 emaslooma, tuleks lasta vähemalt 400 emasloomal kaks kuni kolm päeva muneda.
An additional rough check of the soil moisture content should be obtained by gently squeezing the soil in the hand, if the moisture content is correct small drops of water should appear between the fingers.
Sünkroonitud populatsiooni saamiseks on vaja vähemalt 1200 muna (emasloomade osakaal umbes 0,5; suremus umbes 0,2).
Soil moisture content is determined at the beginning and at the end of the test by drying to constant weight at 105 °C in accordance with ISO 11465 (17) and soil pH in accordance with Appendix 3 or ISO 10390 (14).
Kannibalismi ärahoidmiseks on otstarbekas hoida ühes nõus kõige rohkem 20–30 munevat emaslooma.
These measurements should be carried out in additional samples without mites, both from the control soil and from each test concentration soil.
Ekstraheerimismeetodid
The moisture content should be monitored throughout the test by weighing the vessels periodically (see paragraphs 20 and 24).
Mikrolülijalgsete puhul on sobiv meetod isendite mullast/substraadist eraldamiseks kuumusega ekstraheerimine (vt joonis allpool).
The species used in the test is Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883).
See meetod põhineb organismide aktiivsusel, seega on võimalik registreerida üksnes liikuvad isendid.
Adult female mites, obtained from a synchronised cohort are required to start the test.
Kuumusega ekstraheerimise põhimõte seisneb selles, et organismide elutingimusi proovis halvendatakse järk-järgult, mistõttu nad lahkuvad substraadist ja kukuvad fikseerimisvedelikku (nt etanool).
Mites should be introduced ca.
Olulised aspektid on seejuures ekstraheerimise kestus ning organismide elutingimuste heast mõõdukaks ja mõõdukast halvaks muutumise gradient.
7-14 days after becoming adult, 28 - 35 days after the start of the egg laying in the synchronisation (see paragraph 3 and Appendix 4).
Ekstraheerimise kestus peaks ökotoksikoloogiliste katsete puhul olema võimalikult lühike, sest populatsiooni juurdekasv ekstraheerimise ajal muudaks tulemused ebausaldusväärseks.
The source of the mites or the supplier and maintenance of the laboratory culture should be recorded.
Teisest küljest peavad proovide temperatuur ja niiskustingimused jääma alati vahemikku, mille puhul lestadel on võimalik liikuda.
If a laboratory culture is kept, it is recommended that the identity of the species is confirmed at least once a year.
Mullaproovi kuumutamine toob kaasa substraadi kuivamise.
An identification sheet is included as Appendix 6.
Kui kuivamine on liiga kiire, võib ka mõni lest ära kuivada, enne kui ta jõuab põgeneda.
The test chemical is mixed into the soil.
70 % etanool.
Organic solvents used to aid treatment of the soil with the test chemical should be selected on the basis of their low toxicity to mites and appropriate solvent control must be included in the test design (see paragraph 29).
Üksikasjalik käik:
It is recommended to use an appropriate quantity of water to reach the required moisture content, i.e. 40 to 60 % of the maximum WHC (see paragraph 12).
võetakse katses kasutatud klaasnõu.
When such vehicles are used, all test concentrations and the control should contain the same minimum amount of the vehicle.
Selle kaas eemaldatakse ja nõu suu ümber mähitakse tükk võrku või kangast.
The vehicle is sprayed on or mixed with a small amount, for example 10 g, of fine quartz sand.
Kanga ava suurus peaks olema 1,0–1,5 mm.
The total sand content of the substrate should be corrected for this amount.
Kangas kinnitatakse kummipaelaga.
The vehicle is eliminated by evaporation under a fume hood for at least one hour.
Nõu pööratakse ettevaatlikult tagurpidi ja asetatakse ekstraheerimisseadmesse.
This mixture of quartz sand and test chemical is added to the pre-moistened soil and thoroughly mixed by adding an appropriate amount of de-ionised water to obtain the moisture required.
Kangas hoiab ära substraadi pudenemise fikseerimisvedelikku, kuid võimaldab lestadel proovist lahkuda.
Note that some solvents may be toxic to mites.
Kui kõik nõud on paigale asetatud, alustatakse kuumutamist.
It is therefore recommended to use an additional water control without vehicle if the toxicity of the solvent to mites is not known.
Ekstraheerimine lõpetatakse 48 tunni pärast.
If it is adequately demonstrated that the solvent (in the concentrations to be applied) has no effects, the water control may be excluded.
Fikseerimisnõud eemaldatakse ja lestad loendatakse anatoomilise mikroskoobi abil.
Test chemical poorly soluble in water and organic solvents
Valitud meetodiga saavutatav ekstraheerimise tõhusus peab olema tõendatud üks või kaks korda aastas tehtava katsega, milles kasutatakse kemikaaliga töötlemata katsesubstraati sisaldavaid nõusid, kus hoitakse teadaoleval arvul noorloomi ja täiskasvanud lesti.
For chemicals that are poorly soluble in water and organic solvents, the equivalent of 2,5 g of finely ground quartz sand per test vessel (for example 10 g of fine quartz sand for four replicates) is mixed with the quantity of test chemical to obtain the desired test concentration.
Ekstraheerimise keskmine tõhusus peaks kõiki arenguetappe hõlmavate koondtulemuste puhul olema ≥ 90 %.
The total sand content of the substrate should be corrected for this amount.
Tullgreni ekstraheerimisseade
This mixture of quartz sand and test chemical is added to the pre-moistened soil and thoroughly mixed after adding an appropriate amount of deionised water to obtain the required moisture content.
Wine mesh barrier
Ten adult females in 20 g dry mass of artificial soil are recommended for each control and treatment vessel.
Katsenõu ettevalmistamine ekstraheerimiseks pärast katse lõppemist
In specific cases (e.g. when ageing is considered to be a determining factor), the time between preparation of the final test substrate and the addition of the mites can be prolonged (for details of such ageing, see (18)).
Alamklass/selts/alamselts
After the addition of the mites to the soil, the mites are provided with food and the initial weight of each test vessel should be measured to be used as reference for monitoring soil moisture content throughout the test as described in paragraph 24.
Perekond/alamperekond/liik
The test vessels are then covered as described in paragraph 8 and placed in the test chamber.
Autor ja kuupäev
Appropriate controls are prepared for each of the methods of test chemical application described in paragraphs 15 to 18.
Kasutatud kirjandus
Thus, where appropriate, organic solvents, quartz sand or other vehicles are applied to the controls in concentrations/amounts like in the treatments.
Määramiseks olulised tunnused
Where a solvent or other vehicle is used to add the test chemical, an additional control without the vehicle or test chemical should also be prepared and tested in case the toxicity of the solvent is not known (see paragraph 17).
Kilp kumera hammasja servaga;
The test temperature should be 20 ± 2 °C.
hüpostoomi soontes üle 6 hambakese;
Temperature should be recorded at least daily and adjusted, if necessary.
tagumised seljaharjased Z4 mitte väga pikad;
The test is carried out under controlled light-dark cycles (preferably 16 hours light and 8 hours dark) with illumination of 400 to 800 lux in the vicinity of the test vessels.
seljaharjased harjasekujulised;
For reasons of comparability, these conditions are the same as in other soil ecotoxicological tests (e.g. (15)).
genitaalkilp tavapärase suurusega, mitte oluliselt suurenenud, ei ulatu anaalkilbini;
Gaseous exchange should be guaranteed by aerating the test vessels at least twice a week in case screw lids are used.
seljakilbi tagumisel poolel puuduvad paarumata harjased;
If gauze covers are used, special attention should be paid to the maintenance of the soil moisture content (see paragraphs 8 and 24).
II ja IV jalapaaril mõned suured paksud harjased;
The water content of the soil substrate in the test vessels is maintained throughout the test by weighing and if needed re-watering the test vessels periodically (e.g. once per week).
seljaharjased Z5 umbes kaks korda pikemad kui J5;
The moisture content during the test should not differ by more than 10 % from the start value.
lõugtundla liikumatul lülil 12–14 hammast ja liikuval lülil 2 hammast;
Cheese mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781)) have been shown to be a suitable food source.
idiosoomi pikkus 520–680 μm.
Small collembolans (e.g. juvenile Folsomia candida Willem, 1902 or Onychiurus fimatus (19), (20), enchytraeids (e.g. Enchytraeus crypticus Westheide & Graefe, 1992) or nematodes (e.g. Turbatrix silusiae de Man, 1913)) may be also suitable (21).
Bioloogilises tõrjes kasutatakse ka liiki Hypoaspis miles ning see võidakse H. aculeifer iga segi ajada.
It is recommended to check the food before using it in a test.
Peamine erinevus on järgmine:
The type and amount of food should secure an adequate number of juveniles in order to fulfil the validity criteria (paragraph 6).
Hypoaspis miles Hughesi järgi (Hughes,1976)
For the prey selection, the mode of action of the test item should be considered (e.g. an acaricide may be toxic to the food mites too, see paragraph 26).
Hypoaspis aculeifer Hughesi järgi (Hughes,1976) Hypoaspis aculeifer, seljakilp iseloomulike harjastega Originaaljooniste autor F. Faraji
Food should be provided ad libitum (i.e. each time a small amount (tip of a spatula)).
IV paari jalg (emasloom)
For this purpose, also low suction exhaustor as proposed in the collembolan test or a fine paint brush can also be used.
II paari jalg (emasloom)
Supplying food at the beginning of the test and two to three times a week will usually be sufficient.
Põhiteave Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer'i bioloogia kohta
When the test item appears to be toxic to the prey, an increased feeding rate and/or an alternative food source should be considered.
Hypoaspis aculeifer kuulub sugukonda Laelapidae, seltsi Acari (lestad), klassi Arachnida, hõimkonda Arthropoda.
Prior knowledge of the toxicity of the test chemical should help in selecting appropriate test concentrations, e.g. from range-finding studies.
Selle liigi esindajaid leidub iga tüüpi mullas ning nad toituvad teistest lestadest, ümarussidest, valgeliimuklastest ja hooghännalistest (26).
When necessary, a range-finding test is conducted with five concentrations of the test chemical in the range of 0,1 – 1000 mg/kg dry soil, with at least one replicate for treatments and control.
Toidunappuse korral lähevad nad üle kannibalismile (27).
The duration of the range finding test is 14 days, after which mortality of the adult mites and the number of juveniles is determined.
Röövlestade keha jaguneb idiosoomiks ja gnatosoomiks.
The concentration range in the final test should preferably be chosen so that it includes concentrations at which juvenile numbers are affected while survival of the maternal generation is not.
Idiosoom ei ole selgelt jagunenud prosoomiks (pearindmik) ja opistosoomiks (tagakeha).
This, however, may not be possible for chemicals that cause lethal and sub-lethal effects at almost similar concentrations.
Gnatosoomil (näokilp) paiknevad toitumiseks kasutatavad suised: lõugkobijad ja lõugtundlad.
Extrapolating much below the lowest concentration affecting the test organisms or above the highest tested concentration should be done only in exceptional cases, and a full explanation should be given in the report.
Lõugtundlad on kolmeharulised ja neil on eri kujuga hambad.
Three test designs are proposed, based on the recommendations arising from another ring test (Enchytraeid reproduction test (22)).
Seljakilp katab peaaegu kogu idiosoomi.
The general suitability of all these designs was confirmed by the outcome of H. aculeifer validation.
Suure osa emaslooma idiosoomist võtavad enda alla suguorganid, mis muutuvad eriti märgatavaks veidi aega enne munemist.
For determination of the ECx (e.g. EC10, EC50), twelve concentrations should be tested.
Kõhuosal on kaks kilpi: rinnakukilp ja genitaalkilp.
If no effects are observed at the highest concentration in the range-finding test (i.e. 1000 mg/kg dw soil), the definitive reproduction test can be performed as a limit test, using a test concentration of 1000 mg/kg dw soil.
Kõik jalad on varustatud harjaste ja ogadega.
A limit test will provide the opportunity to demonstrate that the NOEC or the EC10 for reproduction is greater than the limit concentration, whilst minimising the number of mites used in the test.
Harjaseid kasutavad lestad enda kohalhoidmiseks mullas või mullapinnal liikumisel.
Any observed differences between the behaviour and the morphology of the mites in the control and the treated vessels should be recorded.
Esimest paari jalgu kasutatakse peamiselt tundlatena.
On day 14 the surviving mites are extracted from the soil via heat/light extraction or by another appropriate method (see Appendix 5).
Teist paari jalgu kasutatakse liikumise kõrval ka saagi haaramiseks.
The numbers of juveniles (i.e. larvae, protonymphs and deutonymphs) and adults are counted separately.
Neljandal jalapaaril paiknevaid ogasid kasutatakse nii kaitseks kui ka edasiliikumiseks (28).
Any adult mites not found at this time are to be recorded as dead, assuming that such mites have died and decomposed prior to the assessment.
Isasloomade pikkus on 0,55–0,65 mm ja kaal 10–15 μg.
Extraction efficiency must be validated once or twice a year in controls with known numbers of adults and juveniles.
Emasloomade pikkus on 0,8–0,9 mm ja nad kaaluvad 50–60 μg (8, 28) (joonis 1).
Adult and juvenile counts are not adjusted for efficiency.
H. aculeifer'i emasloom, isasloom, protonümf ja vastne.
Information on the statistical methods that may be used for analysing the test results is given in paragraphs 36 to 41.
Temperatuuril 23 °C saavad lestad suguküpseks 16 päevaga (emasloomad) või 18 päevaga (isasloomad) (6).
In addition, OECD Document 54 on the “Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: a Guidance to Application” (31) should be consulted.
Seemnerakud viiakse emaslooma solenostoomi ja sealt liiguvad need edasi munasarja.
Test main endpoint is the reproductive output, here the number of juveniles produced per replicate test vessel (with 10 adult females introduced).
Munasarjas toimub seemnerakkude küpsemine ja säilitamine.
The statistical analysis requires the arithmetic mean (X) and the variance (s2) for the reproductive output to be calculated per treatment and per control.
Viljastamine leiab aset alles pärast seemnerakkude küpsemist munasarjas.
X and s2 are used for ANOVA procedures such as the Student t test, Dunnett test, or Williams' test as well as for the computation of 95 % confidence intervals.
Emasloomad munevad viljastatud või viljastamata munarakud eraldi või kogumikena eelistatult pragudesse või aukudesse.
This main endpoint is equivalent with fecundity measured as the number of living juveniles produced during the test divided by the number of parental females introduced at the start of the test.
Paaritunud emasloomad saavad kummastki soost järglasi, samas kui paaritumata emasloomadel kooruvad üksnes isased noorloomad.
The number of surviving females in the untreated controls is a major validity criterion and has to be documented.
Täiskasvanuks saamiseks läbitakse neli arenguetappi (munast vastseks, vastsest protonümfiks, protonümfist deutonümfiks, deutonümfist täiskasvanuks).
As in the range-finding test, all other harmful signs should be recorded in the final report as well.
Munad on piimjasvalged, klaasjad, ovaalsed, umbes 0,37 mm pikkused ja kõva kestaga.
ECx-values including their associated lower and upper 95 % confidence limits for the parameter described in paragraph 34 are calculated using appropriate statistical methods (e.g. probit analysis, logistic or Weibull function, trimmed Spearman-Karber method, or simple interpolation).
Vastavalt allikale 8 on vastsete pikkus 0,42–0,45 mm.
To compute the EC50 or any other ECx, the per treatment means (X) should be subjected to regression analysis.
Neil on vaid kolm paari jalgu.
In general, adverse effects of the test item compared to the control are investigated using one-tailed (smaller) hypothesis testing at p ≤ 0,05.
Mõne väikese hambaga lõugtundlaid kasutatakse munast koorumiseks.
Examples are given in the following paragraphs.
Esimese kestamise järel, mis toimub 1–2 päeva pärast koorumist, arenevad välja protonümfid.
Normal distribution of data can be tested e.g. with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test, the Range-to-standard-deviation ratio test (R/s-test) or the Shapiro-Wilk test (two-sided, p ≤ 0,05).
Nad on samuti valged, nende pikkus on 0,45–0,62 mm (8) ja neil on neli paari jalgu.
Multiple comparisons (e.g. Dunnett's t-test) or step-down trend tests (e.g. Williams' test in case of a monotonous dose-response relationship) can be used to calculate whether there are significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) between the controls and the various test item concentrations (selection of the recommended test according to OECD Document 54 on the Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data: a Guidance to Application).
Lõugtundlatel on kõik hambad olemas.
Otherwise, non-parametric methods (e.g. Bonferroni-U-test according to Holm or Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test) should be used to determine the NOEC and the LOEC.
Selles etapis alustavad lestad toitumist.
If a limit test (comparison of control and one treatment only) has been performed and the prerequisites of parametric test procedures (normality, homogeneity) are fulfilled, metric responses can be evaluated by the Student test (t-test).
Lõugtundlaid saab kasutada ka toidutükkidest suuremate osakeste rebimiseks (28).
The test report should at least include the following information:
Pärast veel ühte kestamist arenevad välja deutonümfid.
the identity of the test chemical, name, batch, lot and CAS-number, purity;
Nad on 0,60–0,80 mm pikkused (8) ja nende värvus varieerub kollasest helepruunini.
physico-chemical properties of the test chemical (e.g. log Kow, water solubility, vapour pressure, Henry's constant (H) and preferably information on the fate of the test chemical in soil).
Alates sellest etapist on võimalik eristada emasloomi isasloomadest.
identification and supplier of the test organisms, description of the culturing conditions;
Veel ühe kestamise järel, mille vältel loomad ei ole aktiivsed ja neil areneb välja pruun kilp (umbes 14 päeva möödudes), on lestad täiskasvanud (28, 29, 30).
age range of test organisms.
Nende eluiga 25 °C juures on 48–100 päeva (27).
detailed specification if natural soil is used (origin, history, particle size distribution, pH, organic matter content and if available the soil classification)
liide
size of test vessels and dry mass of test soil per vessel;
Hypoaspis'ega katse tegemiseks vajalike toimingute kokkuvõte ja ajakava
pH and water content of the soil at the start and during the test (control and each treatment)
Aeg (päevad)
number of adult females and adult mortality (%) in each test vessel at the end of the test
2 päeva hiljem:
a description of obvious symptoms or distinct changes in behaviour;
emasloomad eemaldatakse
summary statistics (ECx and/or NOEC ) including 95 %-confidence limits and a description of the method of calculation;
Kaks kuni kolm korda nädalas:
a plot of the concentration-response-relationship;
lisatakse piisavas koguses sööta
deviations from procedures described in this test method and any unusual occurrences during the test.
5 (± 2) päeva enne katset
Chapter C.8 of this Annex -.
Valmistatakse kunstlik muld
Toxicity for Earthworms.
4 (± 2) päeva enne katset
Chapter C.32 of this Annex- Enchytraeid reproduction test.
Määratakse kunstliku mulla veemahutavus
Diet-dependent female choice for males with “good genes” in a soil predatory mite.
Lastakse öö läbi kuivada
The following definitions are applicable to this test method (in this test all effect concentrations are expressed as a mass of test chemical per dry mass of the test soil):
Järgmisel päeval:
Chemical is a substance or a mixture
proovid kaalutakse ja arvutatakse veemahutavus
LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) is the lowest test chemical concentration that has a statistically significant effect (p < 0,05) within a given exposure period when compared with the control.
4 (± 2) päeva enne katset