natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
As discussed more fully below, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, a court composed of independent federal judges, is responsible for oversight and compliance of any signals intelligence collection activities conducted pursuant to FISA.
See on juhtunud varem ning võib juhtuda ka andmekaitseraamistiku Privacy Shield põhimõtete kontekstis, kui olukord seda nõuab.
Apart from these formal oversight mechanisms, the Intelligence Community has in place numerous mechanisms to ensure that the Intelligence Community is complying with the limitations on collection described above.
President rõhutas, et USA signaaliluure tegevus aitab kaitsta mitte üksnes meie riiki ja meie vabadusi, vaid ka nende muude riikide, sealhulgas ELi liikmesriigid, turvalisust ja vabadusi, mis tuginevad sellele teabele, mida USA luureagentuurid koguvad selleks, et kaitsta oma kodanikke.
For example:
Presidendi poliitikasuunises nr 28 (PPD-28) kehtestatakse rida põhimõtteid ja nõudeid, mida kohaldatakse kogu USA signaaliluure tegevuse ja kõikide inimeste suhtes, sõltumata nende rahvusest või asukohast.
Cabinet officials are required to validate their signals intelligence requirements each year.
Lisaks sellele tagab suunatud päringute kasutamine, nagu on eespool kirjeldatud, et analüütikutele antakse uurida üksnes selliseid andmeid, millel eeldatakse olevat potentsiaalne luurealane väärtus.
Additional procedures ensure that selection terms are reviewed periodically.
Presidendi poliitikasuunisega nr 28 (PPD-28) tugevdati ja tõhustati ametivahelist menetlust tagamaks, et luureühenduse kõik luureprioriteedid vaadatakse läbi ja kiidetakse heaks kõrgetasemeliste poliitikakujundajate poolt.
Based on a recommendation from an independent Review Group appointed by President Obama, the DNI has established a new mechanism to monitor the collection and dissemination of signals intelligence that is particularly sensitive because of the nature of the target or the means of collection, to ensure that it is consistent with the determinations of policymakers.
Luureteenistuse direktiivis (ICD) 204 on esitatud täiendavad juhised riikliku luureprioriteetide raamistiku (NIPF) kohta ning seda uuendati 2015. aasta jaanuaris, et hõlmata presidendi poliitikasuunise nr 28 (PPD-28) nõuded [7].
Finally, ODNI annually reviews the IC's allocation of resources against the NIPF priorities and the intelligence mission as a whole.
Need hõlmavad selliseid teemasid, nagu teatavate välisriigi vastaste võime suurendamine kasutada tuuma- ja ballistilisi rakette, uimastikartelli korruptsiooni mõju ning inimõiguste kuritarvitamine teatavates riikides.
This review includes assessments of the value of all types of intelligence collection, including signals intelligence, and looks both backward — how successful has the IC been in achieving its goals? — and forward — what will the IC need in the future?
Ning neid ei kohaldata mitte üksnes signaaliluure, vaid kogu luuretegevuse suhtes.
This ensures that signals intelligence resources are applied to the most important national priorities.
See tegutseb riikliku julgeolekuasutuse (NSA) direktori juhtimisel, kes on ametisse määratud korralduse 12333 alusel „signaaliluure funktsionaalse juhina“, vastutades signaaliluure jälgimise ja koordineerimise eest luureühenduses ning seda nii kaitseministri kui ka riigi luuredirektori (DNI) järelevalve all.
Its activities are focused on priorities set by policymakers, through a process that involves input from across the government, and that is overseen both within NSA and by the ODNI, Department of Justice, and Department of Defense.
Kui oluline on seda teavet saada?
PPD-28 also contains numerous other provisions to ensure that personal information collected pursuant to signals intelligence is protected, regardless of nationality.
Juhul kui see on riiklikus luureprioriteetide raamistikus (NIPF) kõrge prioriteediga, on see kõige sagedamini signaaliluure kõrge prioriteet.
For instance, PPD-28 provides for data security, access, and quality procedures to protect personal information collected through signals intelligence, and provides for mandatory training to ensure that the workforce understands the responsibility to protect personal information, regardless of nationality.
Millist liiki signaaliluuret on võimalik kasutada?
The PPD also provides for additional oversight and compliance mechanisms.
Kas kogumine on kohandatud nii, et seda on võimalik teostada?
Additionally, PPD-28 provides that significant compliance issues related to non-U.S. persons will be addressed at senior levels of government.
Kas kogumisobjekt või kogumisel kasutatav metoodika on eriti tundlik?
Should a significant compliance issue occur involving the personal information of any person collected as a result of signals intelligence activities, the issue must, in addition to any existing reporting requirements, be reported promptly to the DNI.
Kui see on nii, peavad kõrgemad poliitikakujundajad selle läbi vaatama.
If the issue involves the personal information of a non-U.S. person, the DNI, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the head of the relevant IC element, will determine whether steps should be taken to notify the relevant foreign government, consistent with the protection of sources and methods and of U.S. personnel.
Kas kogumine kujutab endast õigustamata riski seoses eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabadustega, sõltumata rahvusest?
Moreover, as directed by PPD-28, the Secretary of State has identified a senior official, Under Secretary Catherine Novelli, to serve as a point of contact for foreign governments that wish to raise concerns regarding signals intelligence activities of the United States.
Kas eraelu puutumatuse ja riikliku julgeoleku huvide kaitsmiseks on vaja täiendavaid levitamise ja säilitamisega seotud kaitsemeetmeid?
This commitment to high-level engagement exemplifies the efforts the U.S. government has made over the past few years to instill confidence in the numerous and overlapping privacy protections in place for U.S. person and non-U.S. person information.
Lühidalt ei otsusta riiklik julgeolekuasutus (NSA) ega ükski teine USA luureasutus ise, mida koguda.
e.
Üldjuhul tagatakse sellega, et kõik USA luurega seotud prioriteedid on kehtestatud kõrgema astme poliitikakujundajate poolt, kes on parimal positsioonil, et määratleda USA välisluure nõuded, ning et need poliitikakujundajad ei arvesta mitte üksnes luureandmete kogumise potentsiaalse väärtuse, vaid ka sellise andmete kogumisega seotud riskidega, sealhulgas eraelu puutumatuse, riiklike majandushuvide ja välissuhetega seotud riskid.
Summary
Nendel advokaatidel on lubatud esitada õiguslikke argumente, mis suurendavad üksikisiku eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabaduste kaitset ning neil on juurdepääs kõikidele andmetele, sealhulgas salastatud teabele, mille korral kohus leiab, et see on vajalik nende tööülesannete täitmiseks [40].Seadus põhineb ka USA valitsuse enneolematul läbipaistvusel luuretegevuse kohta, nõudes riigi luuredirektorilt (DNI), konsulteerides justiitsministriga (Attorney General), kas avalikustada või avaldada avalik kokkuvõte FISA kohtu või vastuluurekohtu (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court) iga otsuse, korralduse või arvamuse kohta, mis hõlmab mis tahes õigusnormide olulist konstrueerimist või tõlgendamist.
The United States' processes for collecting, retaining, and disseminating foreign intelligence provide important privacy protections for the personal information of all persons, regardless of nationality.
Samuti on üksikisikutel, kellel on õigus esitada hagi, võimalus esitada tsiviilõigusliku alusega hagi rahalise kahju eest, sealhulgas kohtukulud, Ameerika Ühendriikide vastu juhul, kui FISA raames elektroonilise jälitustegevuse alusel kogutud andmed nende kohta on saadud ebaseaduslikul teel ning neid on tahtlikult kasutatud või avalikustatud.
In particular, these processes ensure that our Intelligence Community focuses on its national security mission as authorized by applicable laws, executive orders, and presidential directives; safeguards information from unauthorized access, use and disclosure; and conducts its activities under multiple layers of review and oversight, including by congressional oversight committees.
Juhul kui valitsus kavatseb kasutada või avalikustada neid andmeid, mis on saadud või pärinevad rahulolematu isiku elektroonilisest jälitustegevusest FISA raames selle isiku vastu kohtu- või haldusmenetluses Ameerika Ühendriikides, tuleb teatada selle kavatsuse kohta ette kohtule ja isikule, kes võib seejärel vaidlustada jälitustegevuse seaduslikkuse ning otsida võimalusi andmeid mitte avalikustada.
PPD-28 and the procedures implementing it represent our efforts to extend certain minimization and other substantial data protection principles to the personal information of all persons regardless of nationality.
Viimasena on välisluure ja jälitustegevuse seadusega (FISA) kehtestatud kriminaalkaristused nendele isikutele, kes teostavad tahtlikult õigusvastast elektroonilist jälitustegevust seaduse raames või kes tahtlikult kasutavad või avalikustavad andmed, mis on saadud ebaseadusliku jälitustegevuse tulemusena.
Personal information obtained through U.S. signals intelligence collection is subject to the principles and requirements of U.S. law and Presidential direction, including the protections set forth in PPD-28.
Kõik isikud, sõltumata nende rahvusest, kes kannatavad kahju või kaotust käesoleva seaduse rikkumise tulemusena võivad rikkuja (sealhulgas valitsusametnik) kohtusse kaevata kahjuhüvitise ja keelu või muu õiglase abi saamiseks paragrahvi 1030(g) alusel, olenemata sellest, kas kriminaalmenetlus on algatatud eeldusel, et menetluse teostamine hõlmab vähemalt ühte mitmest asjaoludest, mis on kehtestatud põhimääruses.
These principles and requirements ensure that all persons are treated with dignity and respect, regardless of their nationality or wherever they might reside, and recognize that all persons have legitimate privacy interests in the handling of their personal information.
Vt nt U.S.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT — SECTION 702
Department of Justice Inspector General Report „A Review of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Activities Under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 2008“ (September 2012), https://oig.justice.gov/reports/2016/o1601a.pdf.
Collection under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act [11] is not ‘mass and indiscriminate’ but is narrowly focused on the collection of foreign intelligence from individually identified legitimate targets; is clearly authorized by explicit statutory authority; and is subject to both independent judicial supervision and substantial review and oversight within the Executive Branch and Congress.
Opinion and Order at 26 (FISC 2014), http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/0928/FISC%20Memorandum%20Opinion%20and%20Order%2026%20August%202014.pdf.
Collection under Section 702 is considered signals intelligence subject to the requirements of PPD-28 [12].
Riiklikes kriminaaluurimistes nõutakse neljanda muudatusega (Fourth Amendment) üldjuhul õiguskaitseametnikelt seda, et nad saaksid enne läbiotsimist kohtu poolt väljastatud orderi.
Collection under Section 702 is one of the most valuable sources of intelligence protecting both the United States and our European partners.
Taotleja saab esitada ettepaneku, et vaidlustada kohtukorralduse nendel alustel.
Extensive information about the operation and oversight of Section 702 is publicly available.
IV (üksikasjalikumalt käsitletud eespool), Fed.
Section 702 was passed as part of the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 [14], after extensive public debate in Congress.
Tsiviilametkonnad ja reguleerivad asutused (avalik huvi):
It authorizes the acquisition of foreign intelligence information through targeting of non-U.S. persons located outside the United States, with the compelled assistance of U.S. electronic communications service providers.
Nende asutuste suhtes kohaldatakse piiranguid seoses haldus- või tsiviilkorralduste esitamisega mitte üksnes nende enda põhimääruste alusel, vaid ka korralduste sõltumatu juriidilise läbivaatamise põhjal, mis toimub enne võimalikku juriidilist jõustamist.
These certifications identify specific categories of foreign intelligence to be collected, such as intelligence related to counterterrorism or weapons of mass destruction, which must fall within the categories of foreign intelligence defined by the FISA statute [16].
R. Civ.
The certifications also are required to include ‘targeting’ and ‘minimization’ procedures that must be reviewed and approved by the FISA Court [18].
Asutuste menetlused peavad eelkõige tagama, et kui esineb oluline nõuetele vastavuse probleem seoses mis tahes kodakondsusega isiku signaaliluure raames kogutud isikuandmetega, teavitatakse probleemist viivitamata luureühenduse asjaomase liikme juhti, kes omakorda teavitab riigi luuredirektorit, kes otsustab vastavalt suunisele PPD-28 parandusmeetmete vajalikkuse üle [120].
Moreover, as described above, in PPD-28 the President directed that the Intelligence Community provide additional protections for personal information about non-U.S. persons, and those protections apply to information collected under Section 702.
Muu hulgas kehtestab ODNI nõuded riigi luureülesannete andmisele ning luureandmete kogumisele, analüüsile, esitamisele ja jagamisele USA luureühenduse poolt ning korraldab ja juhib nimetatud tegevusi, töötades muu hulgas välja teabele või luureandmetele juurdepääsu ja nende kasutamise ja jagamise suunised.
Once the court approves the targeting and minimization procedures, collection under Section 702 is not bulk or indiscriminate, but ‘consists entirely of targeting specific persons about whom an individualized determination has been made,’ as the PCLOB said [19].
Vt PPD-28 paragrahv 4(a)(i) ja E.O.
Collection is targeted through the use of individual selectors, such as e-mail addresses or telephone numbers, which U.S. intelligence personnel have determined are likely being used to communicate foreign intelligence information of the type covered by the certification submitted to the court [20].
235 (8. detsember 1981).
The basis for selection of the target must be documented, and the documentation for every selector is subsequently reviewed by the Department of Justice [21].
Korralduse avalikult kättesaadava osa põhjal määratletakse USA luuretegevuse eesmärgid, suunad, ülesanded ja vastutusalad (sealhulgas luureühenduse eri liikmete rollid) ning sätestatakse luuretegevuse korraldamise üldtingimused (eelkõige vajadus kehtestada üksikasjalikud menetlusnormid).
The U.S.
E.O.
Government has released information showing that in 2014 there were approximately 90000 individuals targeted under Section 702, a miniscule fraction of the over 3 billion internet users throughout the world [22].
12333 kohaselt on Riikliku Julgeoleku Ameti (National Security Agency, edaspidi „NSA“) direktor signaaliluure valdkonna juht, kes juhib ühtset signaaliluuretegevuse organisatsiooni.
Information collected under Section 702 is subject to the court-approved minimization procedures, which provide protections to non-U.S. persons as well as U.S. persons, and which have been publicly released [23].
12333 paragrahvi 2.4 kohaselt peavad luureühenduse liikmed „kasutama Ameerika Ühendriikides kogumislahendusi, millega kaasneb võimalikult vähe sekkumist“.
For example, communications acquired under Section 702, whether of U.S. persons or non-U.S. persons, are stored in databases with strict access controls.
ODNI kinnitused (VI lisa), lk 2.
They may be reviewed only by intelligence personnel who have been trained in the privacy-protective minimization procedures and who have been specifically approved for that access in order to carry out their authorized functions [24].
Kohaldatakse ka E.O.
Use of the data is limited to identification of foreign intelligence information or evidence of a crime [25].
Vt E.O.
Pursuant to PPD-28, this information may be disseminated only if there is a valid foreign intelligence or law enforcement purpose; the mere fact that one party to the communication is not a U.S. person is not sufficient [26].
Vt 50 U.S.C § 1881f.
And the minimization procedures and PPD-28 also set limits on how long data acquired pursuant to Section 702 may be retained [27].
215 Report, lk 178; Letter from the Honourable Reggie B. Walton, Presiding Judge, U.S.
Oversight of Section 702 is extensive, and is conducted by all three branches of our government.
Senate (29. juuli 2013) (edaspidi „Waltoni kiri“), lk 2–3.
Those incidents are investigated, and all compliance incidents are reported to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, the President's Intelligence Oversight Board, and Congress, and remedied as appropriate [28].
Olen andnud korralduse aseriigisekretär Novellile selle ülesande täitmiseks.
To date, there have been no incidents of willful attempts to violate the law or circumvent legal requirements [29].
USA justiitsministeeriumi (DOJ) peainspektori amet (OIG) on seadusega loodud sõltumatu üksus, mille ülesanne on avastada ja ära hoida raiskamist, pettusi, kuritarvitamist ja üleastumist seoses justiitsministeeriumi programmide ja personaliga ning edendada nende programmide säästlikkust ja tõhusust.
The FISA Court plays an important role in implementing Section 702.
Samuti on kongress kehtestanud seadusi, milles nõutakse, et teatavad äriühingud, kes koguvad tervisealast teavet, peavad tarbijaid rikkumistest teavitama [11].
It is composed of independent federal judges who serve for a term of seven years on the FISA Court but who, like all federal judges, have life tenure as judges.
Samuti on osariigid olnud väga aktiivsed eraelu puutumatuse ja turvalisuse kohta käivate seaduste vastuvõtmisel.
As noted above, the Court must review the annual certifications and targeting and minimization procedures for compliance with the law.
Ministeeriumi lennundusjõustamise ja menetluste amet (Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings) uurib juhtumeid ja määrab karistusi 49 U.S.C.
In addition, as also noted above, the Government is required to notify the Court immediately of compliance issues [30], and several Court opinions have been declassified and released showing the exceptional degree of judicial scrutiny and independence it exercises in reviewing those incidents.
Selleks peavad luurerühenduse liikmed suunama tähelepanu päringutele isikute kohta seoses signaaliluure andmete kategooriatega, mis vastavad välisluure või õiguskaitsealasele nõudele, eesmärgiga ennetada nende isikuandmete kasutamist, mis ei ole asjaomased välisluure või õiguskaitsealaste nõuete suhtes.
The USA FREEDOM Act, signed into law in June 2015, significantly modified U.S. surveillance and other national security authorities, and increased public transparency on the use of these authorities and on decisions of the FISA Court, as set out below [37].
Ka nimetatud õiguse kasutamist on äärmiselt harva ette tulnud ja selleks on vaja, et asjaomase asutuse juht teavitaks Kongressi 30 päeva ette kõnealuse õiguse kasutamise põhjustest [66].
The Act ensures that our intelligence and law enforcement professionals have the authorities they need to protect the Nation, while further ensuring that individuals' privacy is appropriately protected when these authorities are employed.
Riiklik luurejuht (Director of National Intelligence) ei ole kunagi kasutanud oma volitusi ühegi peainspektori tegevuse piiramiseks.
It enhances privacy and civil liberties and increases transparency.
§§ 1681u–1681v; 18 U.S.C.
The Act prohibits bulk collection of any records, including of both U.S. and non-U.S. persons, pursuant to various provisions of FISA or through the use of National Security Letters, a form of statutorily authorized administrative subpoenas [38].
3990, (19. detsember 2014).
This prohibition specifically includes telephone metadata relating to calls between persons inside the U.S. and persons outside the U.S., and would also include collection of Privacy Shield information pursuant to these authorities.
Vt Fed.
Government's unprecedented transparency about intelligence activities by requiring the DNI, in consultation with the Attorney General, to either declassify, or publish an unclassified summary of, each decision, order, or opinion issued by the FISA Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review that includes a significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law.
338, 352–53, 355 (1977).
For example, one major company's recent transparency report shows that it received national security requests (pursuant to FISA or National Security Letters) affecting fewer than 20000 of its accounts, at a time when it had at least 400 million subscribers.
41, 53 (1967) (viide Camara vs. Mun.
In other words, all U.S. national security requests reported by this company affected fewer than 0,005 % of its subscribers.
San Francisco kohus, 387 U.S. 523, 528 (1967)).
Even if every one of those requests had concerned Safe Harbor data, which of course is not the case, it is obvious that the requests are targeted and appropriate in scale, and are neither bulk nor indiscriminate.
Seda volitust kasutatakse sageli siis, kui politseil tekib vajadus valdus füüsiliselt läbi otsida selle ohu tõttu, et tõendusmaterjalid võidakse hävitada juhul, kui ettevõtte suhtes kohaldatakse kohtumäärust või muud tootmiskorraldust.
TRANSPARENCY
338, 352–53, 358 (1977).
In addition to the transparency mandated by the USA FREEDOM Act, the U.S. Intelligence Community provides the public much additional information, setting a strong example with respect to transparency into its intelligence activities.
Vt 50 U.S.C § 1881(l); vt ka eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabaduste järelevalve komisjoni (PCLOB) aruanne, 66–76.
The Intelligence Community has published many of its policies, procedures, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court decisions, and other declassified materials, providing an extraordinary degree of transparency.
Kaubandusministeerium otsib osalemise kohta esitatud valeväiteid ja võtab nendega seoses meetmeid, sealhulgas juhul, kui need on esitanud endised liikmed [36].Juhul kui organisatsioon on esitanud üldsusele eksitavate väidete või tavade kujul mis tahes valeandmeid põhimõtete järgimise kohta, võtavad FTC, transpordiministeerium või muu asjakohane USA täitevasutus täitemeetmeid; kaubandusministeeriumile valeandmete esitamine on hagetav valeandmete seaduse alusel (False Statements Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1001) [37].
In addition, the Intelligence Community has substantially increased its disclosure of statistics on the government's use of national security collection authorities.
Artikkel 2
On April 22, 2015, the Intelligence Community issued its second annual report presenting statistics on how often the government uses these important authorities.
12333 paragrahv 2.3.
ODNI also has published, on the ODNI website and on IC On the Record, a set of concrete transparency principles [45] and an implementation plan that translates the principles into concrete, measurable initiatives [46].
ODNI, Safeguarding the Personal Information of all People: A Status Report on the Development and Implementation of Procedures under Presidential Policy Directive 28, lk 7.
In October 2015, the Director of National Intelligence directed that each intelligence agency designate an Intelligence Transparency Officer within its leadership to foster transparency and lead transparency initiatives [47].
Vt nt CIA, Signals Intelligence Activities, lk 6 (Compliance); FBI, Presidential Policy Directive 28 Policies and Procedures, paragrahv III (A)(4), (B)(4); NSA, PPD-28 Section 4 Procedures, 12. jaanuar 2015, paragrahv 8.1, 8.6(c).
The Transparency Officer will work closely with each intelligence agency's Privacy and Civil Liberties Officer to ensure that transparency, privacy, and civil liberties continue to remain top priorities.As an example of these efforts, NSA's Chief Privacy and Civil Liberties Officer has released several unclassified reports over the past few years, including reports on activities under section 702, Executive Order 12333, and the USA FREEDOM Act [48].
FBI, Presidential Policy Directive 28 Policies and Procedures, paragrahvid III (A)(4), (B)(4); CIA, Signals Intelligence Activities, lk 6 (Compliance) ja lk 8 (Responsibilities).