natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The logarithm of Kow (log Kow) is used as an indication of a substance's potential for bioaccumulation by aquatic organisms.
Kui seade mõõdab selle ühe rõhu õigesti, on ka tema skaala lineaarsus muutmata.
The organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (Koc) is the ratio of a substance's concentration in/on the organic carbon fraction of a sediment and the substance's concentration in water at equilibrium.
Kui kasutatakse muud mõõteseadet, millel puudub tootja kaliibrimissertifikaat, soovitatakse koostada korrapäraselt kogu mõõtepiirkonda hõlmav teisendusgraafik (2. liide).
Overlying water is the water lying on top of the sediment in the test vessel.
See kehtib katsesüsteemis ja katsetingimustes, mille puhul gaasikoguseid, mida toodetakse kemikaalita kontrollnõudes ja nõudes, kus pärssumise määr on 70–80 %, on võimalik hinnata vastuvõetava veamääraga.
A plateau or steady state is defined as the equilibrium between the uptake and elimination processes that occur simultaneously during the exposure phase.
Vee õhustatuse taset võib hoida barboteerimisseadme (mullitaja) abil.
The steady state is reached in the plot of the BAF at each sampling period against time when the curve becomes parallel to the time axis and three successive analyses of BAF made on samples taken at intervals of at least two days are within 20 % of each other, and there are no statistically significant differences among the three sampling periods.
Mullitaja on soovitatav seadistada sellisele intensiivsusele, et mullid ei tekitaks kullestele asjatut stressi.
For test substances which are taken up slowly, more appropriate intervals would be seven days (5).
Temperatuuril 20 °C on standardse atmosfäärirõhu puhul magevee ASV 9,1 mg/l (60 % sellest on 5,46 mg/l).
The sediment uptake rate constant (ks) is the numerical value defining the rate of increase in the concentration of the test substance in/on the test organism resulting from uptake from the sediment phase. ks is expressed in g sediment kg– 1 of worm d– 1.
Elavhõbe(II)kloriid (HgCl2) on väga mürgine aine, mille käsitsemisel tuleb järgida vajalikke ohutuseeskirju.
Spiked sediment is sediment to which test substance has been added.
Kõnealuse kemikaali vesilahused tuleks kõrvaldada ettenähtud korras;
The steady state bioaccumulation factor (BAFss) is the BAF at steady state and does not change significantly over a prolonged period of time, the concentration of the test substance in the surrounding medium (Cs as g kg– 1 of wet or dry weight of sediment) being constant during this period of time.
neid ei tohi lasta kanalisatsioonisüsteemi.
The uptake or exposure phase is the time during which the test organisms are exposed to the test substance.
neid ei tohi lasta otse kanalisatsioonisüsteemi.
Calculation of uptake and elimination parameters
Läbikääritatud reoveemuda on reovee ja aktiivmuda sadestunud faaside segu, mida on inkubeeritud anaeroobses kääritustankis ligikaudu 35 °C juures, et vähendada biomassi kogust ja haisuprobleeme ning parandada vee eraldatavust mudast.
The main endpoint of a bioaccumulation test is the bioaccumulation factor, BAF.
See koosneb anaeroobse käärimise bakteritest ja metanogeensetest bakteritest, kes toodavad süsinikdioksiidi ja metaani (11).
The measured BAF can be calculated by dividing the concentration of the test substance in the test organism, Ca, by the concentration of the test substance in the sediment, Cs, at steady state.
Osa n2-st.
If the steady state is not reached during the uptake phase, the BAF is calculated in the same manner for day 28.
Lisaks soovitatakse kontrollida membraanide gaasipidavust, kuna paljud müügil olevad membraanid, eelkõige butüülkumm-membraanid, ei ole metaani puhul piisavalt kindlad ning mõned membraanid hakkavad gaasi läbi laskma, kui neist katse tingimustes on nõel läbi torgatud.
However, it should be noted whether the BAF is based on steady state concentrations or not.
Seadet tuleks kasutada ja regulaarselt kaliibrida vastavalt tootja juhendile.
The preferred means for obtaining the kinetic bioaccumulation factor (BAFK), the sediment uptake rate constant (ks) and the elimination rate constant (ke) is to use non-linear parameter estimation methods on a computer.
Selle manomeetri kaliibrimise õigsust saab kontrollida laboris nii, et mõõdetakse üks rõhk 1 × 105 Pa ja võrreldakse seda mehhaanilise näidikuga manomeetri näiduga.
Given the time series of average accumulation factors (Ca, mean values of each sampling date/Cs, mean values of each sampling date = AF) of the uptake phase based on worm and sediment wet weight, and the model equation
Kui kasutatakse muid mõõteseadmeid (millel ei ole sertifikaati tootja kaliibrimise kohta), soovitatakse kogu selle mõõtmisvahemik korrapäraste ajavahemike järel kaliibrida.
[equation 1]
Seda tuleks uuesti hinnata, kui võrdlusainete hulgas on adsorbeerumisele kalduvaid või lahustumatuid aineid.
where AF(t) is the ratio of concentration of the test substance in worms and its concentration in the sediment at any given time point (t) of the uptake phase, these computer programs calculate values for BAFK, ks and ke.
Taimekaitsevahendite kolonnis leostumise uuringud võivad anda teavet uuritava kemikaali ja selle muundumissaaduste liikuvuse kohta ja võivad täiendada partiiviisilisi sorptsiooni uuringuid.
When steady state is reached during the uptake phase (i.e. t = ∞), equation 1 may be reduced to:
Koguse, mis tuleb kanda silindrilisele mullakolonnile, saab arvutada järgmise valemi abil:M μgA kgha109μgkgd2cm2π108cm2ha4kus:M mullakolonnile kantav kogus [μg]A kasutamismäär [kg/ha]d mullakolonni diameeter [cm]π 3,14
[equation 2]
Vastavalt FAO ja Ameerika Ühendriikide põllumajandusministeeriumi süsteemile (14).
uptake rate constant in tissue [g sediment kg– 1 of worm d– 1]
§ Vastavad muutujad peaksid eelistatavalt jääma esitatud vahemikku.
elimination rate constant [d– 1]
Kui sobivat mullamaterjali on siiski raske leida, aktsepteeritakse ka märgitud miinimumist väiksemaid väärtusi.
Then ks/ke × Cs is an approach to the concentration of the test substance in the worm tissue at steady state (Ca,ss).
‡ Mullad, mille orgaanilise süsiniku sisaldus on alla 0,3 %, võivad häirida orgaanilise aine sisalduse ja adsorptsiooni vahelist korrelatsiooni.
The Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) should be calculated as follows:
Seepärast on soovitatav kasutada muldasid, mille minimaalne orgaanilise süsiniku sisaldus on 0,3 %.
where foc is the fraction of sediment organic carbon, and flip is the fraction of worm lipid, both based either on dry weight, or on wet weight.
# Väga kõrge süsinikusisaldusega (nt > 10 %) muld ei pruugi olla seaduslikult vastuvõetav nt pestitsiidide registreerimisel.
Given a time series of concentration values, the elimination kinetics can be modelled using the following model equations and a computer calculation based non-linear parameter estimation method.
See modelleerib väga suurt vihmasadu.
The mean measured body residue at the end of the uptake phase is recommended as the default starting point.
Keskmine sademete hulk näiteks Kesk-Euroopas on 800–1000 mm aastas.
The value modeled/estimated from the uptake phase should only be used, e.g. if the measured value deviates significantly from the modelled body residue.
Häiritud muldade näidistihedused on järgmised:liiv 1,66 g/mlkeskmine liivsavi 1,17 g/mlsaviliiv 1,58 g/mltolmmuld 1,11 g/ml
See also paragraph 50 for alternative pre-exposure of worms designated for elimination;
Tüüpiline nõrgvee maht on vahemikus 230–260 ml, mis vastab ligikaudu 92–104 % kogu kunstliku vihma mahust (251 ml), kui kasutatakse mullakolonni, mille läbimõõt on 4 cm ja pikkus 30 cm.
with this approach, samples of these pre-exposed worms on day 0 of the elimination phase are thought to provide a realistic body residue to start the elimination kinetics with.
Mullas võib tekkida lisaks ühele peamisele muundumissaadusele veel muidki muundumissaadusi, mis võivad muundumiskatse käigus tekkida eri aegadel.
If the data points plotted against time indicate a constant exponential decline of the test substance concentration in the animals, a one-compartment model (equation 4) can be used to describe the time course of elimination.
Sellisel juhul võib olla vajalik teha leostumiskatse erineva vanuseni vanandatud jääkidega.
[equation 3]
Algne ettepanek selle katsemeetodi kasutamiseks põhineb C. V. Eadsforthi ja P. Moseri artiklil (1).
Elimination processes sometimes appear to be biphasic, showing a rapid decline of Ca during the early phases, that changes to a slower loss of test substances in the later phases of the elimination (8)(19)(25)).
kaalutud keskminelog Pow
The two phases can be interpreted by the assumption, that there are two different compartments in the organism, from which the test substance is lost with different velocity.
pindala% .
In these cases specific literature should be studied (15)(16)(17)(25).
piikide kogupindala%
A two-compartment elimination is described e.g. by the following equation (25):
pindala% i
[equation 4]
Klein, W.
A and B represent the size of the compartments (in percent of overall tissue residue), where A is the compartment with rapid loss of substance, and B the compartment with slow loss of test substance.
Ellgehausen, H., D'Hondt, C., ja Fuerer, R. (1981).
The sum of A and B equals 100 % of the whole animal compartment volume at steady state. ka and kb represent the corresponding elimination constants [d– 1].
McDuffie, B. (1981).
If the two compartment model is fitted to the depuration data, the uptake rate constant ks may be determined as follows (53)(54):
Guideline for Testing of Chemicals – Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water):
[equation 5]
Pomona College Medical Chemistry Project, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711
Nevertheless, these model equations should be used with caution, especially when changes in the test substance's bioavailability occur during the test (42).
Chim.
As an alternative to the model equations described above, the kinetics (ks and ke) may also be calculated in one run by applying the first order kinetics model to all data from both the uptake and elimination phase together.
Berendsen, G. E., Schoenmakers, P. J., de Galan, L., Vigh, G., Varga-Puchony, Z., ja Inczédy J. (1980).
For a description of a method that may allow for such a combined calculation of uptake and elimination rate constants, references (55), (56) and (57) may be consulted.
vastasmõjutegurid ,
The Non-Eliminated Residues (NER) should be calculated as a secondary endpoint by multiplying the ratio of the average concentration in the worms (Ca) on day 10 of the elimination phase and the average concentration in the worms (Ca) at steady state (day 28 of uptake phase) by 100:
Pomona College, Medicinal Chemistry Project, Claremont, California 91711, USA.
Example of a Sampling Schedule for a 28-day Bioaccumulation Test
Log P Database and Med.
Uptake phase (including a 4 d- equilibration phase)
Leo, A., Hansch, C., ja Elkins, D. (1971).
Activities
Fujita, T., Iwasa, J., ja Hansch, C. (1964).
Preparation of peat suspension for sediment;
American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
conditioning of the suspension for 48 h;
(Näiteks võib vetikate nullsisaldus ühes kahest või kolmest paralleelnõust osutada sellele, et inokuleerimine ei toimunud selles nõus õigesti või nõu ei olnud korralikult puhastatud.)
Spiking of the sediment or sediment fraction;
Katseprotokollis esitatakse selgelt põhjus, miks teatav andmepunkt on võõrväärtusena analüüsist välja jäetud.
mixing of all sediment constituents;
Olenevalt andmete kasutusotstarbest, kvaliteedist (täpsusest) ja hulgast ning andmeanalüüsi meetodite kättesaadavusest võidakse andmete analüüsimine sellega lõpetada (teatavatel juhtudel on see õigustatud) ja lugeda silma järgi koostatud kõveralt kõige olulisemad näitajad EC50 ja EC10 (ja/või EC20) (vt ka stimuleerivat mõju käsitlev punkt allpool).
removing sediment samples of treated and solvent control sediment for determination of test substance concentration;
Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon (1993).
addition of overlying water;
ISO 8692: Water quality – Algal growth inhibition test.
incubation at test conditions (equilibration phase);
Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon (1998).
Separation of the test organisms from the culture for acclimatisation;
Water quality – Guidance for algal growth inhibition tests with poorly soluble materials, volatile compounds, metals and waste water.
of water quality (see paragraph 52);
ISO 5667-16: Water quality – Sampling – Part 16:
removing replicates for taking samples of water and sediment for determination of test substance concentration;
Mayer, P., Cuhel, R., ja Nyholm, N. (1997).
randomised distribution of the worms to the test chambers;
Slovacey, R. E., ja Hanna, P. J. (1997).
retaining of sufficient sub-samples of worms for determination of analytical background values;
In vivo fluorescence determinations of phytoplancton chlorophyll.
controlling air supply, if closed test system is used;
Limnol.
Remove replicates for sampling;
919–925.
controlling air supply, worm behaviour, water quality (see paragraph 56);
Christensen, E. R., ja Nyholm, N. (1984).
taking water, sediment and worm samples for determination of test substance concentration;
Dunnett, C. W.
Controlling air supply, worm behaviour and temperature;
1096–1121.
Same as day 1;
Norberg-King, T. J. (1988).
4 - 6
103–117.
Same as day 2;
Draper, N. R., ja Smith, H. (1981).
compensate evaporated water if necessary;
Brain, P., ja Cousens, R. (1989).
8 - 13
CCAP: Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa
15 - 20
Sammlung von Algenkulturen
22 - 27
Universität Göttingen
measurement of water quality (see paragraph 52);
SAKSAMAA
end of uptake phase;
8–14 × 2–3
retaining of sufficient subsamples of worms for determination of analytical background values, wet and dry weight, and lipid content;
7–15 × 3–12
transfer worms from remaining exposed replicates to vessels containing clean sediment for elimination phase (no gut-purging);
40–60 [1]
sampling of water, sediment and worms from solvent controls; sampling of trapping solutions, if installed.
60–80 [1]
Pre-exposure activities (equilibration phase) should be scheduled taking into account the properties of the test substance.
40–50 [1]
If required, conditioning of the prepared sediment under overlying water at 20 ± 2 °C for 7 days;
30–40 [1]
in this case, earlier preparation of the sediment!
1,2–1,5
Activities described for day 2 should be performed daily (at least on workdays).
1,1–1,4
Elimination phase
2,0– 2,4
Mixing of all sediment constituents;
pHeq = 11,30 + log[HCO3].
incubation at test conditions;
150,000 mg [dinaatriumetüleendiamiintetraatsetaat].
0 (day 28 of uptake phase)
Kontrollrühmas määratud muutuja keskväärtuse alusel normaliseerimine toob kaasa mõned põhimõttelised probleemid ja muudab hajuvuse struktuuri küllalt keeruliseks.
Measurement of water quality (see paragraph 52);
Kui kasvu pidurdumise protsentuaalse määra leidmiseks jagatakse uuritava muutuja väärtus asjaomase muutuja keskväärtusega kontrollrühmas, tuuakse sisse kõnealuse keskväärtuse määramise veast tulenev lisaviga.
transfer worms from remaining exposed replicates to vessels containing clean sediment;
Tuleks valmistada vett, kunstlikku reovett ja uuritavat kemikaali sisaldavad katsesegud (FT), milles uuritava kemikaali nominaalne sisaldus on erinev (vt koostisainete koguste näited tabelis 1). pH tuleks vajaduse korral reguleerida tasemele 7,5 ± 0,5, segusid tuleks veega lahjendada ja lisada inokulum, et saada nõudes võrdse lõppruumalaga lahused, ning seejärel alustada aereerimist.
after 4 - 6 h removing replicates for taking samples of water, sediment and worms for determination of test substance concentration;
Adsorbeeruvad ained tuleks samuti kaaluda otse katsenõusse ja nõu peaks olema adsorbeerumisest tuleneva kao minimeerimiseks silaanitud.
controlling air supply, worm behaviour, water quality (see paragraph 52);
on nitrifitseerimisest tuleneva hapnikusidumise kiirus (mg/lh),
8 - 9
Brown, D., Hitz, H. R., ja Schäfer, L. (1981).
end of elimination phase;
King, E. F., ja Painter, H. A. (1986).
sampling of water, sediment and worms from solvent controls;
OECD (1984).
sampling of trapping solutions, if installed.
Activated sludge, Respiration inhibition test.
Preparation of the sediment prior to start of elimination phase should be done in the same manner as before the uptake phase.
Test Guideline No. 209, Guidelines for the testing of chemicals.
Some physical-chemical characteristics of an acceptable dilution water
OECD, Pariis.
< 2μg/l
Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon (2007).
COMPOSITION OF THE RECOMMENDED RECONSTITUTED WATER
Painter, H. A., ja Jones, K. (1963).
The sum of the calcium and magnesium ions in this solution is 2,5 mmol/l.
Fiebig, S., ja Noack, U. (2004).
The pH of an acceptable dilution water should be in the range of 6 - 9.
The use of copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate as reference substance in the activated sludge respiration inhibition test – acc. to the OECD guideline 209.
Artificial sediment — preparation and storage recommendations
Fresen.
In contrast to the requirements in test method C.8 (40) the peat content of the artificial sediment is recommended to be 2 % instead of 10 % of dry weight, in order to correspond to a low to moderate organic content of natural sediments (58).
Environ.
Percentage of dry constituents of the artificial sediment:
Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon (1995).
% of dry sediment
ISO 10634: Water quality – Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium.
Folia urticae, powdered leaves of Urtica sp.
Water quality – Determination of growth inhibition (7-d) of Lemna minor, duckweed.
(stinging nettle), finely ground (particle size ≤ 0,5 mm), or a mixture of powdered leaves of Urtica sp. with alpha-cellulose (1:1);
Environment Canada (1993).
in accordance with pharmacy standards, for human consumption;
Sims, I., Whitehouse, P., ja Lacey, R. (1999).
in addition to dry sediment
The OECD Lemna Growth Inhibition Test.
If elevated ammonia concentrations are expected, e.g. if the test substance is known to inhibit the nitrification, it may be useful to replace 50 % of the nitrogen-rich urtica powder by cellulose (e.g., α-Cellulose powder, chemically pure, particle size ≤ 0,5 mm).
WRc plc – Environment Agency.
The peat is air-dried and ground to a fine powder (grain size ≤ 0,5 mm, no visible plant remains).
Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon.
A suspension of the required amount of peat powder is prepared using a portion of the deionised water to be added to the dry sediment (a water volume of 11,5 × dry weight of peat has been found useful to produce a stirrable peat slurry (8)) using a high-performance homogenising device.
Water Quality – Determination of the Toxic Effect of Water Constituents and Waste Water to Duckweed (Lemna minor) – Duckweed Growth Inhibition Test.
The pH of this suspension is adjusted to 5,5 ± 0,5 with CaCO3.
Walbridge, C. T. (1977).
The suspension is conditioned for at least two days with gentle stirring at 20 ± 2 °C, to stabilise pH and establish a stable microbial component.
Environmental Research Laboratory – Duluth, Minnesota 55804
The pH is measured again and is adjusted to 6,0 ± 0,5 with CaCO3 if necessary.
Lockhart, W.
Then all of the suspension is mixed with the other dry constituents, taking into account any portion used for spiking.
Hydrobiologia 118/119: 353–359.
The remaining deionised water is added to obtain a homogeneous sediment.
Huebert, D. B., ja Shay, J. M. (1993).
The pH is measured again and is adjusted to 6,5 to 7,5 with CaCO3 if necessary.
Christensen, E. R., ja Nyholm, N. (1984).
If ammonia development is expected, the artificial sediment may be conditioned for seven days under the same conditions which prevail in the subsequent test (e.g. sediment-water ratio 1: 4, height of sediment layer as in test vessels) before it is spiked with the test substance, i.e. it should be topped with water, which should be aerated.
Bruce, R. D., ja Versteeg, D. J. (1992).
Samples of the sediment are taken to determine dry weight and total organic carbon content (e.g. 3 samples).
Brain, P., ja Cousens, R. (1989).
Thereafter, the spiked quartz sand is mixed with the sediment for each treatment level, the sediment is distributed to the replicate test vessels, and topped with the test water (e.g. sediment-water ratio 1 : 4, height of sediment layer as in test vessels).
Lemleliikide kollektsioonid
The chosen food source should be added prior to or during spiking the sediment with the test substance.
Toronto, Ontario, Kanada, M5S 3 B2
In order to ensure that the food is in sufficient contact with the test substance, the food source should be mixed with the sediment not later than on the day the test substance is spiked to the sediment.
USA Tel:
Exceptions may be made where the length of the equilibration period leads to excessive microbial degradation of the food before the test organisms are added.
ROOTSI
Samples of the sediment are taken to determine dry weight and total organic carbon (e.g. 3 samples of spiked or control sediment).
Saksamaa
The dry weight of the components (peat, sand, kaolin) should be reported in g and in per cent of total dry weight.
Hillman, W.
The volume of water to be added to the dry components during preparation of the sediment should also be reported in per cent of total dry weight (e.g. 100 % dry weight + 46 % water means 1000 g d.w. receive a total of 460 ml water, which results in 1460 g wet sediment).
52: 7–22.
The dry constituents of the artificial sediment may be stored in a dry, cool place at room temperature.
(mg/l)
The prepared, wet sediment may be stored (for further use in the culture only) at 4 ± 2 °C in the dark for a period of 2 to 4 weeks from the day of preparation (8).
Sööde 20X-AAP Põhilahuste valmistamiseks kasutatakse steriilset destilleeritud või deioniseeritud vett.
Sediment spiked with the test substance should be used immediately unless there is information indicating that the particular sediment can be stored without affecting the toxicity and bioavailability of the test substance.
Steriilseid põhilahuseid tuleks hoida jahedas ja valguse eest kaitstult.
Samples of spiked sediment may be stored under the conditions recommended for the particular test substance until analysis.
(Sims, I., Whitehouse, P., ja Lacey, R. (1999).
Oligochaetes species recommended for bioaccumulation testing
The OECD Lemna Growth Inhibition Test.
Tubifex tubifex (MÜLLER),Tubificidae, Oligochaeta
Development and Ring-testing of draft OECD Test Guideline.
The tubificid oligochaete (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) Tubifex tubifex (Müller) lives in freshwater sediments in tubes which are lined with mucus.
R&D Technical Report EMA 003.
In these tubes the worms dwell head down, ingesting sediment particles utilising the associated microorganisms and organic debris.
WRc plc – Environment Agency.)
The posterior portion usually undulates in the overlying water for respiration purposes.
(g/l) [1]
Although this species inhabits a wide range of sediment types all over the northern hemisphere, Tubifex tubifex prefers relatively fine grain sizes (59).
(mg/l) [1]
The suitability of this species for ecotoxicological testing is described for example in (8)(29)(31)(39)(60)(62)(63).
Na; N
In order to have a sufficient number of Tubifex tubifex for conducting bioaccumulation tests the worms have to be kept in permanent laboratory culture.
190; 84
A system consisting of artificial sediment based on the artificial soil according to Test Method C.8 (40) and reconstituted water according to test method C.1 is recommended for T. tubifex culture (8).
Söötme pH peaks olema 5,5 ± 0,2 (pH reguleerimiseks lisatakse väikseim vajalik kogus NaOH või HCl lahust).
Each culture container is loaded with a layer of wet artificial sediment prepared as described in Appendix 5.
Lahuse ruumala viiakse veega 1000 milliliitrini.
Care should be taken to minimise disturbing the sediment.
350 ± 50 μE m– 2 s– 1.