natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
The FTC also issued two rules implementing the Gramm- Leach-Bliley Act — the Privacy Rule and the Safeguards Rule — which require financial institutions [7] to make disclosures about their information sharing practices and to implement a comprehensive information security program to protect consumer information [8].
Kolmandaks, peainspektoritel on kohustus hoida nii täitevvõimuasutuste juhte kui ka Kongressi aruannete abil täielikult ja jooksvalt informeerituna täitevvõimuasutuste programmide ja tegevusega seoses esinevate pettuste ja muude tõsiste probleemide, kuritarvituste ja puudujääkide suhtes [67].
Similarly, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act ( ‘FACTA’), enacted in 2003, supplements longstanding U.S. credit laws to establish requirements for the masking, sharing, and disposal of certain sensitive financial data.
Kahte kohta aruandluse esitamine tugevdab peainspektori sõltumatust, tuues peainspektori järelevalvelisse tegevusse läbipaistvust ning võimaldades asutuste juhtidel rakendada peainspektori soovitused enne, kui Kongress jõuab seadusandlikku tegevust algatada.
The FTC promulgated a number of rules under FACTA regarding, among other things, consumers' right to a free annual credit report; secure disposal requirements for consumer report information; consumers' right to opt out of receiving certain offers of credit and insurance; consumers' right to opt out of the use of information provided by an affiliated company to market its products and services; and requirements for financial institutions and creditors to implement identity theft detection and prevention programs [9].
Näiteks kohustab seadus peainspektoreid igal poolaastal koostama kõnealuseid probleeme ning seni võetud heastamismeetmeid kirjeldavaid aruandeid [68].
In addition, rules promulgated under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act were revised in 2013, adding additional safeguards to protect the privacy and security of personal health information [10].
Täitevvõimuasutused võtavad peainspektorite järeldusi tõsiselt ning lisavad tihti asjaomaste aruannete või muude Kongressile ja mõnel juhul avalikkusele esitatavate aruannete juurde asutusepoolse kinnituse peainspektori soovitustega nõustumise ja nende rakendamise kohta [69].
Rules protecting consumers from unwanted telemarketing calls, robocalls, and spam have also gone into effect.
Lisaks sellisele kahte kohta aruannete esitamise kohustusele on peainspektorite ülesandeks ka täitevvõimuasutuste siseinformaatorite suunamine asjakohase Kongressi järelevalvekomitee juurde, et avalikustada täitevvõimuasutuses väidetavalt esinevat pettust, raiskamist või kuritarvitusi.
Congress has also enacted laws requiring certain companies that collect health information to provide consumers with notification in the event of a breach [11].
Siseinformaatorite identiteeti kaitstakse täitevvõimuasutusele teatavaks saamise eest, mis kaitseb siseinformaatoreid võimalike lubamatute personali või juurdepääsulubasid puudutavate tegevuste eest, mida võidakse ette võtta kättemaksuks peainspektorile ettekandmise eest [70].
States have also been very active in passing laws related to privacy and security.
Kuna siseinformaatorid on tihti peainspektorile uurimiste läbiviimisel teabeallikateks, suurendab suutlikkus neile murettekitavatest asjaoludest Kongressile ette kanda, ilma täitevvõimuasutusepoolse mõjutamiseta, peainspektori poolt teostatava järelevalve tõhusust.
Since 2000, forty-seven states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have enacted laws requiring businesses to notify individuals of security breaches of personal information [12].
Tänu sellisele sõltumatusele suudavad peainspektorid objektiivselt ja ausalt kaasa aidata kokkuhoiule, tõhususele ja vastutuse kasvule täitevvõimuasutustes.
At least thirty-two states and Puerto Rico have data disposal laws, establishing requirements for the destruction or disposal of personal information [13].
Kongress on asutanud peainspektorite nõukogu aususe ja tõhususe küsimustes.
A number of states also have enacted general data security laws.
Kõnealune nõukogu töötab muude asjade kõrval välja peainspektori standardeid auditite, uurimiste ja ülevaatuste läbiviimiseks; edendab koolitust ja omab pädevust kontrollida väidetavaid peainspektorite vääritu käitumise juhtumeid, olles nii kriitiliseks järelevaatajaks peainspektorite üle, kellele on kõikide teiste jälgimine usaldatud [71].
In addition, California has enacted various privacy laws, including a law requiring companies to have privacy policies and disclose their Do Not Track practices [14], a ‘Shine the Light’ law requiring greater transparency for data brokers [15], and a law that mandates an ‘eraser button’ allowing minors to request the deletion of certain social media information [16].
Loodan, et käesolev teave on Teile abiks.
Using these laws and other authorities, federal and state governments have levied significant fines against companies that have failed to protect the privacy and security of consumers' personal information [17].Private lawsuits have also led to successful judgments and settlements that provide additional privacy and data security protection for consumers.
Austusega
For example, in 2015, Target agreed to pay USD 10 million as part of a settlement with customers who claimed their personal financial information was compromised by a widespread data breach.
Õigusnõunik
In 2013, AOL agreed to pay a USD 5 million settlement to resolve a class action involving alleged inadequate de- identification related to the release of search queries of hundreds of thousands of AOL members.
Täiendav teave USA välisluure tegevuse kohta on avaldatud veebis ning see on avalikult kättesaadav veebisaidi IC on the Record (www.icontherecord.tumblr.com) kaudu, mis kujutab endast riikliku luurejuhi amet (ODNI) avalikku veebisaiti, mis on suunatud valitsuse luuretegevuse suurema avaliku nähtavuse edendamiseks.
Additionally, a federal court approved a USD 9 million payment by Netflix for allegedly keeping rental history records in violation of the Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/17/presidential-policy-directive-signals-intelligence-activities.
Federal courts in California approved two separate settlements with Facebook, one for USD 20 million and another for USD 9,5 million, involving the company's collection, use, and sharing of its users' personal information.
Õiguskaitseasutused või reguleerivad asutused võivad Ameerika Ühendriikides küsida korporatsioonidelt neid andmeid uurimiseks vastavalt käesoleva dokumendi reguleerimisalast väljaspoole jäävatele muudele kriminaal-, tsiviil- ja reguleerivatele asutustele, mis on piiratud riiklike julgeolekuasutustega.
And, in 2008, a California state court approved a USD 20 million settlement with LensCrafters for unlawful disclosure of consumers' medical information.
www.icontherecord.tumblr.com/ppd-28/2015/privacy-civil-liberties#ppd-28.
In sum, as this summary illustrates, the United States provides significant legal protection for consumer privacy and security.
Nende menetluste abil rakendatakse suunavaid ja kohandavaid kontseptsioone, mida on käsitletud käesolevas kirjas sellisel viisil, mis on omane luureühenduse igale üksusele.
The new Privacy Shield Framework, which ensures meaningful safeguards for EU individuals, will operate against this larger backdrop in which the protection of consumers' privacy and security continues to be an important priority.
Selleks et tuua vaid üks näide, väidetakse presidendi poliitikasuunist nr 28 (PPD-28) rakendatavates riikliku julgeolekuasutuse (NSA) menetlustes, et „kui vähegi võimalik, toimub kogumine ühe või mitme valikukriteeriumi kasutamise kaudu, eesmärgiga suunata tähelepanu teatavate välisluure objektide andmete (nt konkreetne teadaolev rahvusvaheline terrorist või terroristide rühm) või teatavate välisluure teemade kogumisele (nt massihävitusrelvade leviku tõkestamine välisriigi või selle agentide poolt).“
Any entity that fails to comply with an FTC order is subject to a civil penalty of up to USD 16000 per violation, or USD 16000 per day for a continuing violation.
http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/1017/PPD-28_Status_Report_Oct_2014.pdf.
See 15 U.S.C.
http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20204%20National%20Intelligence%20Priorities%20Framework.pdf.
Congress has expressly affirmed the FTC's authority to seek legal remedies, including restitution, for any acts or practices involving foreign commerce that (1) cause or are likely to cause reasonably foreseeable injury in the United States, or (2) involve material conduct occurring within the United States.
Intelligence Community Directive (ICD) 203, http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD%20203%20Analytic%20Standards.pdf.
In some instances, the Commission's privacy and data security cases allege that a company engaged in both deceptive and unfair practices; these cases also sometimes involve alleged violations of multiple statutes, such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and COPPA.
Vt www.dni.gov/clpo.
Trade Comm'n, FTC Warns Children's App Maker BabyBus About Potential COPPA Violations (Dec.
Välisluure ja jälitustegevuse seaduse (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act – FISA) I ja III peatükk, mis vastavalt lubavad teostada elektroonilise järelevalvet ja füüsilist otsingut, nõuavad kohtu korraldust (välja arvatud hädaolukorras) ning nõuavad alati tõenäolist põhjust uskuda, et sihtmärk on võõrvõim või võõrvõimu agent.
Trade Comm'n, FTC Warns Data Brokers That Provide Tenant Rental Histories They May Be Subject to Fair Credit Reporting Act (Apr.
Nagu on käsitletud allpool, keelatakse USA vabaduse seadusega (USA FREEDOM Act) konkreetselt FISA pealtkuulamiskorralduste kasutamine laiaulatusliku kogumise eesmärgil ning kehtestatakse konkreetse valikutingimuse nõue tagamaks, et neid volitusi kasutatakse sihipäraselt.
3, 2013), https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/04/ftc-warns-data-brokers-provide-tenant-rental-histories-they-may.
Eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabaduste järelevalve komisjon (PCLOB), „Aruanne järelevalveprogrammi kohta, mida rakendatakse vastavalt välisluure ja jälitustegevuse seaduse (FISA) paragrahvile 702“ ( 2. juuli 2014) („Eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabaduste järelevalve komisjoni aruanne“).
For a more comprehensive summary of the legal protections in the United States, see Daniel J. Solove & Paul Schwartz, Information Privacy Law (5th ed.
L. No.
2015).
110–261, 122 Stat.
Financial institutions are defined very broadly under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act to include all businesses that are ‘significantly engaged’ in providing financial products or services.
§ 1881a(a) ja (b).
This includes, for example, check-cashing businesses, payday lenders, mortgage brokers, nonbank lenders, personal property or real estate appraisers, and professional tax preparers.
Vt id. § 1801(e).
Under the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 (‘CFPA’), Title X of Pub.
Vt eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabaduste järelevalve komisoni (PCLOB) aruanne, 99.
1955 ( July 21, 2010) (also known as the ‘Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act’), most of the FTC's Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act rulemaking authority was transferred to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ( ‘CFPB’).
§ 1881a(d) ja (e).
The FTC retains enforcement authority under the Gramm-Leach- Bliley Act as well as rulemaking authority for the Safeguards Rule and limited rulemaking authority under the Privacy Rule with respect to auto dealers.
Vt eraelu puutumatuse ja kodanikuvabaduste järelevalve komisoni (PCLOB) aruanne, 111.
Under the CFPA, the Commission shares its FCRA enforcement role with the CFPB, but rulemaking authority transferred in large part to the CFPB (with the exception of the Red Flags and Disposal Rules).
Id., 8; 50 U.S.C.
See 45 C.F.R. pts.
§ 1881a(l); vt ka NSA Director of Civil Liberties and Privacy Report, „NSA's Implementation of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Section 702“ (hereinafter „NSA Report“) 4, http://icontherecord.tumblr.com/ppd-28/2015/privacy-civil-liberties.
See, e.g., American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009, Pub.
Director of National Intelligence 2014 Transparency Report, http://icontherecord.tumblr.com/transparency/odni_transparencyreport_cy2014.
L. No 111-5, 123 Stat.
Vähendamise menetlused on saadaval: http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ppd-28/2014%20NSA%20702%20Minimization%20Procedures.pdf („Riikliku julgeolekuasutuse (NSA) minimeerimismenetlused“); http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ppd-28/2014%20FBI%20702%20Minimization%20Procedures.pdf; ja http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ppd-28/2014%20CIA%20702%20Minimization%20Procedures.pdf.
115 (2009) and relevant regulations, 45 C.F.R.
Vt Riikliku julgeolekuasutuse (NSA) aruanne, 4.
See, e.g., National Conference of State Legislatures (‘NCSL’), State Security Breach Notification Laws (Jan.
Vt nt Riikliku julgeolekuasutuse (NSA) minimeerimismenetlused, 6.
4, 2016), available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/security-breach-notification-laws.aspx.
Luureagentuuri PPD-28 menetlused on saadaval http://icontherecord.tumblr.com/ppd-28/2015/privacy-civil-liberties.
NCSL, Data Disposal Laws (Jan.
Vt Riikliku julgeolekuasutuse (NSA) minimeerimismenetlused; PPD-28 paragrahv 4.
12, 2016), available at http://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/data-disposal-laws.aspx.
Vt Semiannual Assessment of Compliance with Procedures and Guidelines Issues Pursuant to Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Submitted by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence at 2–3, http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Semiannual%20Assessment%20of%20Compliance%20with%20procedures%20and%20guidelines%20issued%20pursuant%20to%20Sect%20702%20of%20FISA.pdf.
See Jay Cline, U.S.
Rule 13 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Rules of Procedures, http://www.fisc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/FISC%20Rules%20of%20Procedure.pdf.
Takes the Gold in Doling Out Privacy Fines, Computerworld (Feb.
July 29, 2013 Letter from The Honorable Reggie B. Walton to The Honorable Patrick J. Leahy, http://fas.org/irp/news/2013/07/fisc-leahy.pdf.
17, 2014), available at http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9246393/Jay-Cline-U.S.-takes-the-gold-in-doling-out-privacy-fines?taxonomyId=17&pageNumber=1.
Vt id. § 1881a(l)(1).
ANNEX V
Vt id. § 1881a(l)(3).
Letter from U.S. Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx
Mõned nendest aruannetest on salajased.
February 19, 2016
114–23, § 401, 129 Stat.
Commissioner Vera Jourová
Vt id. §§ 103, 201, 501.
1049 l049 Brussels
Riikliku julgeoleku teabenõuded (National Security Letters) on lubatud mitmete põhimääruste alusel ning võimaldavad FBI-l saada enda valdusesse andmeid, mis on hõlmatud krediidiaruannete, finantsandmete ning elektroonilise abonendi ja tehinguga seotud andmed teatavat liiki ettevõtetest, üksnes selleks, et kaitsta rahvusvahelise terrorismi või varjatud luuretegevuse eest.
Re: EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework
Riikliku julgeoleku teabenõudeid (National Security Letters) kasutab FBI tavaliselt selleks, et koguda kriitilist sisuta andmeid terrorismivastane võitluse ja vastuluurega seotud uurimiste varajastes etappides – näiteks sellise abonendi identiteedi vastavusse viimine kontoga, kes võib olla suhelnud sellise terrorirühmituse agentidega, nagu ISIL.
The United States Department of Transportation (‘Department’ or ‘DOT’) appreciates the opportunity to describe its role in enforcing the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework.
Riikliku julgeoleku teabenõude (National Security Letter) saanud isikutel on õigus see kohtus vaidlustada.
This Framework plays a critical role in protecting personal data provided during commercial transactions in an increasingly interconnected world.
Vt id.
It enables businesses to conduct important operations in the global economy, while at the same time ensuring that EU consumers retain important privacy protections.
Vt id. § 401.
The DOT first publicly expressed its commitment to enforcement of the Safe Harbor Framework in a letter sent to the European Commission over 15 years ago.
Vt id. § 602.
The DOT pledged to vigorously enforce the Safe Harbor Privacy Principles in that letter.
Vt id. § 603.
The DOT continues to uphold this commitment and this letter memorializes that commitment.
Vt id. §§ 502(f)–503.
Notably, the DOT renews its commitment in the following key areas: (1) prioritization of investigation of alleged Privacy Shield violations; (2) appropriate enforcement action against entities making false or deceptive Privacy Shield certification claims; and (3) monitoring and making public enforcement orders concerning Privacy Shield violations.
http://www.dni.gov/index.php/intelligence-community/intelligence-transparency-principles.
We provide information about each of these commitments and, for necessary context, pertinent background about the DOT's role in protecting consumer privacy and enforcing the Privacy Shield Framework.
http://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Reports%20and%20Pubs/Principles%20of%20Intelligence%20Transparency%20Implementation%20Plan.pdf.
A. DOT's Privacy Authority
Kättesaadav aadressilt https://www.nsa.gov/civil_liberties/_files/nsa_report_on_section_702_program.pdf; https://www.nsa.gov/civil_liberties/_files/UFA_Civil_Liberties_and_Privacy_Report.pdf; https://www.nsa.gov/civil_liberties/_files/UFA_Civil_Liberties_and_Privacy_Report.pdf.
The Department is strongly committed to ensuring the privacy of information provided by consumers to airlines and ticket agents.
Vt nt New York Times vs. Department of Justice, 756 F.3d 100 (2d Cir.
The DOT's authority to take act ion in this area is found in 49 U.S.C. 41712, which prohibits a carrier or ticket agent from engaging in ‘an unfair or deceptive practice or an unfair method of competition’ in the sale of air transportation that results or is likely to result in consumer harm.
2014); American Civil Liberties Union vs. CIA, 710 F.3d 422 (D.C. Cir.
Section 41712 is patterned after Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act (15 U.S.C. 45).
2014).
We interpret our unfair or deceptive practice statute as prohibiting an airline or ticket agent from: (1) violating the terms of its privacy policy; or (2) gathering or disclosing private information in a way that violates public policy, is immoral, or causes substantial consumer injury not offset by any countervailing benefits.
Vt üldiselt https://www.pclob.gov/library.html#oversightreports.
We also interpret section 41712 as prohibiting carriers and ticket agents from: (l) violating any rule issued by the Department that identifies specific privacy practices as unfair or deceptive; or (2) violating the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) or FTC rules implementing COPPA.
Vt üldiselt https://www.pclob.gov/events/2015/may13.html.
Under federal law, the DOT has exclusive authority to regulate the privacy practices of airlines, and it shares jurisdiction with the FTC with respect to the privacy practices of ticket agents in the sale of air transportation.
2000ee(d)(1); vt ka PCLOB Advisory Function Policy and Procedure, Policy 2015-004, kättesaadav aadressil https://www.pclob.gov/library/Policy-Advisory_Function_Policy_Procedure.pdf.
As such, once a carrier or seller of air transportation publicly commits to the Privacy Shield Framework's privacy principles the Department is able to use the statutory powers of section 41712 to ensure compliance with those principles.
Muudetud 1978. aasta peainspektori seaduse (Inspector General Act of 1978) paragrahvid 2 ja 4; muudetud 1947. aasta riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (National Security Act of 1947) paragrahvid 103H(b) ja (e); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (Central Intelligence Act) paragrahv 17(a).
Therefore, once a passenger provides information to a carrier or ticket agent that has committed to honoring the Privacy Shield Framework's privacy principles, any failure to do so by the carrier or ticket agent would be a violation of section 41712.
113–293, 128 Stat.
B. Enforcement Practices
President ei määra ametisse ainult riigikaitselise luure agentuuri (Defense Intelligence Agency) ja riikliku georuumilise luure agentuuri (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency) peainspektoreid; kaitseministeeriumi (DOD) peainspektoril ja luureühenduse peainspektoril on kattuv pädevus.
The Department's Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings (Aviation Enforcement Office) investigates and prosecutes cases under 49 U.S.C. 41712.
Muudetud 1978. aasta peainspektori seaduse (IG Act of 1978) paragrahv 3; riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
It enforces the statutory prohibition in section 41712 against unfair and deceptive practices primarily through negotiation, preparing cease and desist orders, and drafting orders assessing civil penalties.
Act) paragrahv 103H(c); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahv 17(b).
The office learns of potential violations largely from complaints it receives from individuals, travel agents, airlines, and U.S. and foreign government agencies.
Vt peainspektori seaduse (IG Act o 1947) paragrahvid 4(a) ja 6(a)(2); riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
Consumers may use the DOT's website to file privacy complaints against airlines and ticket agents [1].
Act) paragrahvid 103H(e) ja (g)(2)(A); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahvid 17(a) ja (c).
If a reasonable and appropriate settlement in a case is not reached, the Aviation Enforcement Office has the authority to institute an enforcement proceeding involving an evidentiary hearing before a DOT administrative law judge (ALJ).
Peainspektori seaduse (IG Act) paragrahvid 3(d), 6(a)(7) ja 6(f); riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
The ALJ has the authority to issue cease-and desist orders and civil penalties.
Act) paragrahvid 103H(d), (i), (j) ja (m); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahvid 17(e)(7) ja (f).
Violations of section 41712 can result in the issuance of cease and desist orders and the imposition of civil penalties of up to USD 27500 for each violation of section 41712.
Peainspektori seaduse (IG Act) paragrahvid 6(a)(1), (3), (4), (5) ja (6); riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
The Department does not have the authority to award damages or provide pecuniary relief to individual complainants.
Act) paragrahvid 103H(g)(2); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahvid 17(e)(1), (2), (4) ja (5).
However, the Department does have the authority to approve settlements resulting from investigations brought by its Aviation Enforcement Office that directly benefit consumers (e.g., cash, vouchers) as an offset to monetary penalties otherwise payable to the U.S.
Vt nt peainspektori seaduse (IG Act) paragrahvid 8(b) ja 8E(a); riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
Government.
Act) paragrahvid 103H(f); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahv 17(b).
This has occurred in the past, and may also occur in the context of the Privacy Shield Framework principles when circumstances warrant.
Peainspektori seaduse (IG Act) paragrahv 4(a)(5); riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
Repeated violations of section 41712 by an airline would also raise questions regarding the airline's compliance disposition which could, in egregious situations, result in an airline being found to be no longer fit to operate and, therefore, losing its economic operating authority.
Act) paragrahvid 103H(a)(b)(3) ja (4); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahvid 17(a)(2) ja (4).
To date, the DOT has received relatively few complaints involving alleged privacy violations by ticket agents or airlines.
Peainspektori seaduse (IG Act) paragrahvid 2(3), 4(a) ja 5; riikliku julgeoleku seaduse (Nat'l Sec.
When they arise, they are investigated according to the principles set forth above.
Act) paragrahv 103H(k); keskse luuretegevuse seaduse (CIA Act) paragrahv 17(d).
C. DOT Legal Protections Benefiting EU Consumers
Justiitsministeeriumi peainspektor teeb oma avalikkusele avaldatavad aruanded kättesaadavaks internetis aadressil http://oig.justice.gov/reports/all.htm.