natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Critical review Process intended to ensure consistency between a PEF study and the principles and requirements of this PEF Guide and PEFCRs (if available) (based on ISO 14040:2006). Data Quality Characteristics of data that relate to their ability to satisfy stated requirements (ISO 14040:2006). Data quality covers various aspects, such as technological, geographical and time-related representativeness, as well as completeness and precision of the inventory data.
Keskkonda viidavad ained õhku, vette ja pinnasesse juhitavad heitkogused (ISO 14040:2006).
Delayed emissions Emissions that are released over time, e.g. through long use or final disposal stages, versus a single emission at time t. Direct Land Use Changes (dLUC) The transformation from one land use type into another, which takes place in a unique land area and does not lead to a change in another system. Directly attributable Refers to a process, activity or impact occurring within the defined system boundary. Downstream Occurring along a product supply chain after the point of referral. Ecological Footprint Refers to “the area of productive land and water ecosystems required to produce the resources that the population consumes and assimilate the wastes that the population produces, wherever on Earth the land and water is located” (Wackernagel and Rees, 1996).
Keskkonnaalane lisateave keskkonnajalajälje mõjukategooriad ja muud keskkonnanäitajad, mis arvutatakse ja esitatakse koos toote keskkonnajalajälje uuringutulemustega.
Eutrophication Nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus) from sewage outfalls and fertilised farmland accelerate the growth of algae and other vegetation in water. The degradation of organic material consumes oxygen resulting in oxygen deficiency and, in some cases, fish death.
Lihtvoog ressursi- ja heiteprofiilis on lihtvoog „uuritavasse süsteemi sisenev materjal või energia, mis on võetud keskkonnast eelnevalt muundamata kujul, või uuritavast süsteemist väljuv materjal või energia, mis viiakse keskkonda ilma edasise muundamiseta” (ISO 14040, 3.12).
These indirect effects can be mainly assessed by means of economic modelling of the demand for land or by modelling the relocation of activities on a global scale. The main drawbacks of such models are their reliance on trends, which might not reflect future developments.
Kui erinevate mõjuvaldkondade keskkonnajalajälje mõjuhindamise normaliseeritud tulemused esitatakse üksteise kõrval, aitab see näha, millised mõjukategooriad on analüüsitud süsteemi puhul kõige rohkem ja kõige vähem olulised.
Intermediate product Output form a unit process that is input to other unit processes that require further transformation within the system (ISO 14040:2006). Ionising Radiation, human health EF impact category that accounts for the adverse health effects on human health caused by radioactive releases. Land Use EF impact category related to use (occupation) and conversion (transformation) of land area by activities such as agriculture, roads, housing, mining, etc. Land occupation considers the effects of the land use, the amount of area involved and the duration of its occupation (changes in quality multiplied by area and duration). Land transformation considers the extent of changes in land properties and the area affected (changes in quality multiplied by the area).
Olelusring tootesüsteemi järjestikused omavahel seotud etapid alates tooraine hankimisest või loodusvarade võtmisest kuni toote lõpliku kõrvaldamiseni (ISO 14040:2006).
Multi-functionality If a process or facility provides more than one function, i.e. it delivers several goods and/or services ("co-products"), it is “multifunctional”. In these situations, all inputs and emissions linked to the process must be partitioned between the product of interest and the other co-products in a principled manner.
Ressursi- ja heiteprofiil uuritava toote tarneahela kõigi etappidega seotud sisendite ja väljundite kohta kogutud andmete kogum.
Non-elementary (or complex) flows In the Resource Use and Emissions Profile, non-elementary flows include all the inputs (e.g. electricity, materials, transport processes) and outputs (e.g. waste, by-products) in a system that need further modelling efforts to be transformed into elementary flows. Normalisation After the characterisation step, normalisation is an optional step in which the EF impact assessment results are multiplied by normalisation factors that represent the overall inventory of a reference unit (e.g. a whole country or an average citizen).
Ressursi- ja heiteprofiil on valmis, kui selles on liitvood teisendatud lihtvoogudeks.
When displaying the normalised EF impact assessment results of the different impact topics next to each other, it becomes evident which impact categories are affected most and least by the analysed system. Normalised EF impact assessment results reflect only the contribution of the analysed system to the total impact potential, not the severity/relevance of the respective total impact. Normalised results are dimensionless, but not additive. Output Product, material or energy flow that leaves a unit process.
Sisend protsessiüksusesse sisenev toode, materjal või energiavoog.
Resource Use and Emissions Profile Refers to the inventory of data collected to represent the inputs and outputs associated with each stage of the product supply chain being studied. The compilation of the Resource Use and Emissions Profile is completed when non-elementary (i.e. complex) flows are transformed into elementary flows.
Viibega heited heitkogused, mis on aja jooksul vabanenud, st pikaajalisel kasutusel või ringlusest kõrvaldamise lõppetapis, võrreldes üksikheitkogusega ajaühikus t.
Type III environmental declaration An environmental declaration providing quantified environmental data using predetermined parameters and, where relevant, additional environmental information (ISO 14025:2006). The predetermined parameters are based on the ISO 14040 series of standards, which is made up of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. Uncertainty analysis Procedure to assess the uncertainty introduced into the results of a PEF study due to data variability and choice-related uncertainty. Unit of Analysis The unit of analysis defines the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the function(s) and/or service(s) provided by the product being evaluated; the unit of analysis definition answers the questions “what?”, “how much?”, “how well?”, and “for how long?”
III tüüpi keskkonnateatis keskkonnaalane deklaratsioon, milles esitatakse eelnevalt määratud parameetritele vastavaid kvantifitseeritavaid andmeid ning vajaduse korral keskkonnaalast lisateavet (ISO 14025:2006).
Unit process Smallest element considered in the Resource Use and Emissions Profile for which input and output data are quantified (based on ISO 14040:2006). Upstream Occurring along the supply chain of purchased goods/services prior to entering the system boundary. Waste Substances or objects which the holder intends or is required to dispose of (ISO 14040:2006). Weighting Weighting is an additional, but not mandatory, step that may support the interpretation and communication of the results of the analysis. PEF results are multiplied by a set of weighting factors, which reflect the perceived relative importance of the impact categories considered. Weighted EF results can be directly compared across impact categories, and also summed across impact categories to obtain a single-value overall impact indicator. Weighting requires making value judgements as to the respective importance of the EF impact categories considered. These judgements may be based on expert opinion, social science methods, cultural/political viewpoints, or economic considerations.
Eelnevalt määratud parameetrite aluseks on standardiseeria ISO 14040, kuhu kuuluvad standardid ISO 14040 kuni ISO 14044.
ISO 14025:2006.
ISO 14025:2006. Rahvusvaheline standard. Keskkonnaalased sildid ja deklaratsioonid.
ISO 14040:2006.
ISO 14040:2006. Rahvusvaheline standard.
Struijs J., Beusen A., van Jaarsveld H. and Huijbregts M.A.J. (2009): Aquatic Eutrophication.
Struijs J., Beusen A., van Jaarsveld H. ja Huijbregts M.A.J. (2009): Aquatic Eutrophication.
All relevant assumptions for the use stage shall be documented. The PEFCRs shall specify:
Tootekategooria keskkonnajalajälje määramise eeskirjas täpsustatakse:
For the release and uptake of CO2 caused by direct land use change, the use of the most recent IPCC CO2 emission factors shall be used as referred to in the Commission Decision C(2010)3751, unless more accurate, specific data are available. Other emissions as a result of land use change (e.g. NO3 losses to water, emissions from biomass burning, soil erosion, etc.) should be measured or modelled for the particular case or using authoritative sources.
Maakasutuse otsese muutmise tõttu vabanenud või seotud CO2 koguse määramiseks tuleb kasutada IPCC uusimaid, komisjoni ostuses K(2010) 3751 osutatud CO2 heitekoefitsiente, kui puuduvad täpsemad või otseselt uuritava kontekstiga seotud andmed.. Siin käsitlemata maakasutuse muutustest tingitud heidet (nt NO3 sattumine vette, biomassi põlemisel tekkiv heide, pinnase erosioon jne) tuleks mõõta või modelleerida vastavalt konkreetsele juhtumile või kasutada autoriteetseid andmeallikaid.
SECTION 2: PRACTICAL GUIDANCE ACCORDING TO PAS 2050:2011 For practical guidance on specific issues (e.g. in case previous land use is unknown), the application of PAS 2050:2011 (BSI 2011) is recommended (in coherence with the European Food Sustainable Consumption and Production Roundtable (Food SCP) and the published ENVIFOOD Protocol).
JAGU. PRAKTILINE JUHEND VASTAVALT SPETSIFIKATSIOONILE 2050:2011
Public information. B2B and B2C.
Teised ettevõtjad ja tarbijad
Review and reviewer qualifications Unless otherwise specified in relevant policy instruments, any study intended for external communication shall be reviewed by an independent and qualified external reviewer (or review team).
Kui vastavates poliitikadokumentides ei ole määratud teisiti, kuuluvad kõik organisatsioonivälises suhtluses kasutatavad uuringud läbivaatamisele vähemalt ühe sõltumatu ja kvalifitseeritud väliskontrollija (või kontrollijate rühma) poolt.
A study to support a comparative assertion intended to be disclosed to the public shall be based on relevant PEFCRs and reviewed by an independent external reviewer together with a stakeholder panel. Minimum requirements on reviewer qualifications apply.
Kui uuringute alusel tahetakse esitada avalikustatavaid võrdlevaid väiteid, peavad uuringud olema kooskõlas vastava tootekategooria keskkonnajalajälje määramise eeskirjaga ning kuuluvad läbivaatamisele sõltumatu väliskontrollija ja sidusrühmi esindava komisjoni poolt.
In-house (claiming to be in line with the OEF Guide)
sisene (väidetakse vastavust organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise juhendiga)
These are positioned in text boxes with single solid-line borders following the general description sections. “Tips” describe non-mandatory but recommended best practices.
Need on esitatud üldist kirjeldust sisaldava osa järel ühekordse joonega ääristatud tekstikastides.„Näpunäidetes” kirjeldatakse mittekohustuslikke kuid soovitatavaid häid tavasid.
The principal activity is the activity which contributes most to the added value of the unit. As NACE is derived from the United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), the two classification systems are very similar, but NACE is more detailed than ISIC.
Kuna NACE on tuletatud rahvusvahelise majanduse tegevusalade klassifikaatorist (ISIC), on need kaks liigitamissüsteemi väga sarnased, NACE on vaid üksikasjalikum kui ISIC.NACE-koodi määramist lihtsustavad NACE selgitavad märkused, NACE korralduskomitee otsused, korrelatsioonitabelid ja viited tegevusaladel põhinevale toodete statistilisele klassifikaatorile (CPA).
Review Procedure (if applicable). Additional requirements for OEFSRs
Täiendavad nõuded organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje määramise sektoripõhistele eeskirjadele
Requirements for OEF studies The OEF boundaries shall be defined following general supply-chain logic.
Organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje piiride määratlemisel tuleb järgida tarneahela üldist loogikat.
Such exclusions are subject to review. Additional requirements for OEFSRs
Täiendavad nõuded organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise sektoripõhistele eeskirjadele
In developing qualitative descriptions of potential environmental impacts, the following information sources should be considered: OEF and OEFSR-based studies of similar organisations;
organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje ja organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise sektoripõhiste eeskirjade kohased uuringud sarnaste organisatsioonide kohta;
However, if generic data are more representative or appropriate than specific data (to be reported and justified) for foreground processes, generic data shall also be used for the foreground processes. Additional requirements for OEFSRs
Kui aga üldised andmed on esindavamad või asjakohasemad kui esiplaaniprotsesside spetsiifilised andmed (tuleb teatada ja põhjendada), tuleb ka esiplaaniprotsesside kohta kasutada üldisi andmeid. täiendavad nõuded organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje sektoripõhistele eeskirjadele
System boundaries (Organisational and OEF boundaries); The reasons for and potential significance of any exclusions;
süsteemipiirid (organisatsioonipiirid ja organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise juhendiga ette nähtud piirid);
EF Environmental Footprint EIPRO Environmental Impact of Products
ELCD olelusringi hindamise Euroopa andmebaas (European Reference Life Cycle Database)
GLOSSARY Additional Environmental Information – Environmental footprint impact categories and other environmental indicators that are calculated and communicated alongside OEF results. Acidification – EF impact category that addresses impacts due to acidifying substances in the environment. Emissions of NOx, NH3 and SOx lead to releases of hydrogen ions (H+) when the gases are mineralised. The protons contribute to the acidification of soils and water when they are released in areas where the buffering capacity is low, resulting in forest decline and lakes acidification. Allocation – An approach to solving multi-functionality problems.
SÕNASTIK
Average Data – Refers to a production-weighted average of specific data. Background Process – Refers to those processes of the Organisations supply chain for which no direct access to information is possible.
Analüüsiüksus – analüüsiüksusega piiritletakse hinnatava organisatsiooni pakutava(te) funktsiooni(de) ja/või teenuste kvalitatiivsed ja kvantitatiivsed aspektid; analüüsiüksuse määratluses vastatakse küsimustele: mis?, kui palju?, kui hästi?
This requires a linear multiplication of the inventory data with characterisation factors for each substance and EF impact category of concern. For example, with respect to the EF impact category “climate change”, CO2 is chosen as the reference substance and Tonne CO2-equivalents as the reference unit.
Ettevõtjatevaheline (B2B) – nii kirjeldatakse ettevõtjate, näiteks tootja ja hulgimüüja või hulgi- ja jaemüüja, omavahelisi tehinguid.
(ISO 14044:2006)
Jäätmed – ained või esemed, mille valdaja kavatseb kasutuselt kõrvaldada või on kohustatud kasutuselt kõrvaldama (ISO 14040:2006).
(ISO 14040:2006) Data quality covers various aspects, such as technological, geographical and time-related representativeness, as well as completeness and precision of the inventory data. Delayed emissions - Emissions that are released over time, e.g. through long use or final disposal phases, versus a single emission at time t. Direct Land Use Changes (dLUC) – The transformations from one land use type into another which takes place in a unique land area, possibly incurring changes in the carbon stock of that specific land, and does not drive to a change in another system.
Keskkonna jaoks oluline – iga protsess või tegevus, mille osakaal igas vaatlusaluses keskkonnajalajälje kategoorias on vähemalt 90 %.
Directly attributable – Refers to a process, activity or impact occurring within the defined Organisational Boundary. Downstream – Occurring along a product supply chain after exiting the Organisational Boundary. Ecological footprint - Refers to “the area of productive land and water ecosystems required to produce the resources that the population consumes and assimilate the wastes that the population produces, wherever on Earth the land and water is located” (Wackernagel and Rees 1996). The environmental footprint according to this OEF Guide is not equal to the ecological footprint of Wackernagel and Rees: the main differences are highlighted in annex X of the PEF Guide. (EC-JRC-IES, 2012)
Keskkonnaalane lisateave – keskkonnajalajälje mõjukategooriad ja muud keskkonnanäitajad, mis arvutatakse ja esitatakse koos organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje analüüsi tulemustega.
Ecotoxicity – EF impact category that addresses the toxic impacts on an ecosystem, which damage individual species and change the structure and function of the ecosystem. Ecotoxicity is a result of a variety of different toxicological mechanisms caused by the release of substances with a direct effect on the health of the ecosystem. Elementary flows - In the Resource Use and Emissions Profile, elementary flows include (ISO 14040, p.3) “material or energy entering the system being studied that has been drawn from the environment without previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving the system being studied that is released into the environment without subsequent human transformation.” Elementary flows include, for example, resources taken from nature or emissions into air, water, soil that are directly linked to the characterisation factors of the EF impact categories. Environmental aspect - An element of an Organisation’s activities or products that has or can have an impact on the environment (including human health). (EMAS regulation)
Keskkonnaaspekt – organisatsiooni tegevuse või toodete osa, millel on või võib olla mõju keskkonnale (sealhulgas inimtervisele) (EMAS-määrus).
(based on ISO 14044:2006) Environmental impact - Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, that wholly or partially result from an Organisation’s activities or products. [EMAS regulation] Environmental mechanism – System of physical, chemical and biological processes for a given EF impact category linking the Resource Use and Emissions Profile results to EF category indicators.
Keskkonnajalajälje mõjukategooria näitaja – keskkonnajalajälje mõjukategooria kvantifitseeritav kuju (standardi ISO 14000:2006 põhjal).
Load rate - Ratio of actual load to the full load or capacity (e.g. mass or volume) that a vehicle carries per trip. Multi-functionality - If a process or facility provides more than one function, i.e. it delivers several goods and/or services ("co-products"), it is “multi-functional”.
Organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise sektoripõhised eeskirjad – sektorispetsiifilised olelusringist lähtuvad eeskirjad, mis täiendavad ja täpsustavad sektori tasandil organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise juhendi üldisi metoodilisi juhiseid.
In these situations, all inputs and emissions linked to the process must be partitioned between the product of interest and the other co-products in a principled manner. Similarly, where a jointly owned and/or operated facility produces multiple products, it may be necessary to partition related inputs and emissions among the products within the defined Product Portfolios of different organisations.
Organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje leidmise sektoripõhised eeskirjad aitavad pöörata toote keskkonnajalajälje uuringus rohkem tähelepanu kõige olulisematele aspektidele ja parameetritele, suurendades sellega uuringute asjakohasust, korratavust ja järjepidevust.
Organisations undertaking an OEF study may therefore have to address multi-functionality problems both at the product and facility level. Non-elementary (or complex) flows – Remaining inputs and outputs which are not elementary flows and need further modelling efforts to be transformed into elementary flows.
Osadeks lahutamine – multifunktsionaalsete protsesside või rajatiste üksikute osade eristamine eesmärgiga määrata kindlaks, millised sisendvood on otseselt seotud iga protsessi või rajatise väljundiga.
Normalised EF impact assessment results express the relative shares of the impacts of the analysed system in terms of the total contributions to each impact category per reference unit. When displaying the normalised EF impact assessment results of the different impact topics next to each other, it becomes evident which EF impact categories are affected most and least by the analysed system.
Osooni fotokeemiline teke – keskkonnajalajälje mõjukategooria, mis hõlmab troposfääri maapinnalähedase osooni teket tingimustes, kus lämmastikoksiidid (NOx) ja päikesekiirgus põhjustavad lenduvate orgaaniliste ühendite (LOÜ) ja süsinikmonooksiidi (CO) fotokeemilist oksüdeerumist.
Organisation Environmental Footprint Sector Rules (OEFSRs) – Are sector-specific, life cycle based rules that complement general methodological guidance for OEF studies by providing further specification at the sectorial level. OFCRs can help shifting the focus of the OEF study towards those aspects and parameters that matter the most, and hence contribute to increased relevance, reproducibility and consistency.
Osoonikihi kahanemine – keskkonnajalajälje mõjukategooria, mis hõlmab stratosfääri osoonikihi hõrenemist osoonikihti kahandavate ainete, näiteks kaua püsivaid kroomi- ja broomiühendeid (klorofluorosüsinikud, klorofluorosüsivesinikud, haloonid) sisaldavate gaaside, heite tagajärjel.
(ISO 14040:2006) Resource Depletion – EF impact category that addresses use of natural resources, either renewable or non-renewable, biotic or abiotic. Resource Use and Emissions Profile – Refers to the inventory of data collected to represent the inputs and outputs associated with each stage of the Organisation supply chain being studied. The compilation of the Resource Use and Emissions Profile is completed when non-elementary (i.e. complex) flows are transformed into elementary flows. Resource Use and Emissions Profile results – Outcome of a Resource Use and Emissions Profile that catalogues the flows crossing the OEF boundary and provides the starting point for the EF impact assessment. Sensitivity analysis – Systematic procedures for estimating the effects of the choices made regarding methods and data on the outcome of an OEF study.
Tundlikkusanalüüs – süstemaatiline menetlus, mille kohaselt hinnatakse kasutatavate meetodite ja kogutavate andmete valiku mõju organisatsiooni keskkonnajalajälje uuringu tulemustele (standardi ISO 14040: 2006 põhjal).
ADEME (2007). Bilan Carbone Companies and Local Authorities Version. Methodological Guide Version 5.0: Objectives and Principles for the Counting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions. French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management, Paris.
Methodological Guide Version 5.0: Objectives and Principles for the Counting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, French Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME), Pariis, 2007.
BSI (2011). PAS 2050:2011 Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services. BSI, London, pp. 38
PAS 2050:2011 Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services, BSI, London, 2011, lk 38.
BSI (2012). PAS 2050:2012 Assessment of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from horticultural products, Supplementary requirements for the cradle to gate stages of GHG assessments of horticultural products undertaken in accordance with PAS2050. BSI, London, pp. 38.
PAS 2050:2012 Assessment of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from horticultural products, Supplementary requirements for the cradle to gate stages of GHG assessments of horticultural products undertaken in accordance with PAS2050, BSI, London, 2012, lk 38.
CDP (2010a). Carbon Disclosure Project.
Carbon Disclosure Project.
Information Request Guide. Carbon Disclosure Project, UK.
Information Request Guide, Carbon Disclosure Project, CDP (2010a), Ühendkuningriik, 2010.