natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
If LOEC/NOECs are to be estimated, it will be necessary for variations to be analysed within each set of replicates using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or contingency table procedures.
Kui tuleb määrata LOEC/NOEC, tuleb variatsioone analüüsida igas dubleerivas rühmas, kasutades dispersioonanalüüsi (ANOVA) või kooslustabeli menetlusi.
In order to make a multiple comparison between the results at the individual concentrations and those for the controls, Dunnett's method may be found useful (12)(13).
Selleks, et teha mitmekordseid võrdlusi üksikute kontsentratsioonide ja kontrollkatsete kontsentratsioonide korral saadud tulemuste vahel, võiks olla kasu Dunnetti meetodist (12, 13).
Other useful examples are also available (14)(15).
Olemas on teisi kasulikke näiteid (14, 15).
The size of the effect detectable using ANOVA or other procedures (i.e. the power of the test) should be calculated and reported.
ANOVAt või teisi menetlusi kasutades saadud mõju suurus (st katse jõud) tuleks välja arvutada ja avaldada.
It should be noted that not all the observations listed in Section 1.7.5.6 are suitable for statistical analysis using ANOVA.
Tuleb märkida, et kõik punktis 1.7.5.6 toodud vaatlused ei sobi statistiliseks analüüsiks ANOVA abil.
For example, cumulative mortality and numbers of healthy larvae at the end of the test could be analysed using probit methods.
Kumulatiivse suremuse ja katse lõpus tervete vastsete arvu analüüsimiseks võiks kasutada probitmeetodeid.
If LC/ECxs are to be estimated, (a) suitable curve(s), such as the logistic curve, should be fitted to the data of interest using a statistical method such as least squares or non-linear least squares.
Kui tuleb kindlaks määrata LC/ECX, tuleks sobiv(ad) kõver(ad), näiteks logistiline kõver, sobitada huvipakkuvate andmetega selliste statistilise meetodi abil nagu näiteks vähimruutude meetod või mittelineaarne vähimruutude meetod.
The curve(s) should be parameterised so that the LC/ECx of interest and its standard error can be estimated directly.
Kõvera(te)s tuleks kasutada selliseid muutujaid, et oleks võimalik otseselt hinnata ära soovitud LC/ECX ja selle standardviga.
This will greatly ease the calculation of the confidence limits around the LC/ECx.
See kergendab suuresti LC/ECX jaoks usalduspiiri väljaarvutamist.
Unless there are good reasons to prefer different confidence levels, two-sided 95 % confidence should be quoted.
Kui ei ole head põhjust eelistada erinevaid usaldusnivoosid, tuleks määrata kahepoolne 95 % usaldusnivoo.
The fitting procedure should preferably provide a means for assessing the significance of the lack of fit.
Sobituskord võiks olla selline, et selle põhjal saaks hinnata sobivuse puudumise tähendust.
Graphical methods for fitting curves can be used.
Kõverate sobitamiseks võib kasutada graafilist meetodit.
Regression analysis is suitable for all observations listed in Section 1.7.5.6.
Regressioonanalüüs sobib kõikide punktis 1.7.5.6 esitatud vaatlusandmete kohta.
The results should be interpreted with caution where measured toxicant concentrations in test solutions occur at levels near the detection limit of the analytical method.
Tulemuste tõlgendamisel tuleks olla ettevaatlik, kui uuritavates lahustes mõõdetud mürkaine kontsentratsioonid on analüütilise meetodi avastamispiiri lähedal.
The interpretation of results for concentrations above the water solubility of the substance should also be made with care.
Tulemuste tõlgendamisel selliste kontsentratsioonide korral, mis on suuremad aine lahustuvusest vees, tuleks samuti olla ettevaatlik.
THE TEST REPORT
KATSEARUANNE
chemical identification data, including purity and analytical method for quantification of the tests substance where appropriate.
keemilised identifitseerimisandmed, sealhulgas puhtus ja uuritava aine kvantifitseerimiseks kasutatav analüütiline meetod (vajaduse korral).
scientific name, strain, numbers of parental fish (i.e. how many females were used for providing the required numbers of eggs in the test), source and method of collection of the fertilised eggs and subsequent handling.
teaduslik nimi, liin, eellasteks olnud kalade arv (st kui mitut emaskala kasutati katses vajaliku arvu marjaterade saamiseks), päritolu ja viljastatud marjaterade kogumise meetod ning edaspidine käitlemine.
test procedure used (e.g. semi-static or flow-through, time period from fertilisation to start the test, loading, etc),
kasutatav katsemenetlus (nt poolstaatiline või läbivooluga, aeg viljastamisest uuringu alguseni, laadimine jne);
photoperiod(s),
fotoperiood(id);
test design (e.g. number of test chambers and replicates, number of embryos per replicate),
katse kavandamine (nt katse- ja dubleerivate anumate arv, embrüote arv dubleerivas katses);
the nominal test concentrations, the measured values, their means and their standard deviations in the test vessels and the method by which these were attained and, if the test substance is soluble in water at concentrations below those tested, evidence should be provided that the measurements refer to the concentrations of the test substance in solution,
uuritavate kontsentratsioonide nimiväärtused, mõõdetud väärtused, nende saamise vahendid ja standardhälbed katseanumas ja meetod, mille alusel need on saadud, ning kui uuritava aine lahustuvus vees on uuritud kontsentratsioonidest väiksem, siis tuleks esitada tõendid selle kohta, et need mõõtmised vastavad uuritava aine kontsentratsioonidele lahuses;
dilution water characteristics: pH, hardness, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, residual chlorine levels (if measured), total organic carbon, suspended solids, salinity of the test medium (if measured) and any other measurements made,
lahjendamiseks kasutatava vee omadused: pH, karedus, temperatuur, lahustunud hapniku kontsentratsioon, kloori jääktasemed (kui mõõdetakse), kogu orgaaniline süsinik, suspendeeritud tahked ained, katsekeskkonna soolsus (kui mõõdetakse) ja mis tahes muud tehtud mõõtmised;
water quality within test vessels: pH, hardness, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration.
vee kvaliteet katseanumas: pH, karedus, temperatuur ja lahustunud hapniku kontsentratsioon.
results from any preliminary studies on the stability of the test substance,
uuritava aine püsivuse esialgsete uuringute tulemused;
evidence that controls met the overall survival acceptability standard of the test species (Appendices 2 and 3),
tõendid selle kohta, et kontrollkatsed vastasid katsealuste liikide korral üldisele aktsepteeritavale ellujäämise normile (2. ja 3. liide);
data on mortality/survival at embryo and larval stages and overall mortality/survival,
andmed suremuse/ellujäämise kohta embrüo ja vastse staadiumites ning üldine suremus/ellujäämine;
days to hatch and numbers hatched,
koorumiseks kulunud päevad ja koorunud isendite arv;
data for length (and weight),
andmed pikkuse (ja kaalu) kohta;
incidence and description of morphological abnormalities, if any,
võimalike morfoloogiliste kõrvalekallete esinemine ja kirjeldus;
incidence and description of behavioural effects, if any,
võimalike käitumises ilmnenud mõjude esinemine ja kirjeldus;
statistical analysis and treatment of data,
statistiline analüüs ja andmete töötlemine;
for tests analysed using ANOVA, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) at p=0,05 and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for each response assessed, including a description of the statistical procedures used and an indication of what size of effect could be detected,
katsete puhul, milles kasutatakse ANOVA analüüsi: vähim toimet avaldava kontsentratsiooni (LOEC) p = 0,05 korral täheldatavat toimet mitteavaldav kontsentratsioon (NOEC) iga hinnatud vastuse kohta, kaasa arvatud kasutatud statistiliste menetluste kirjeldus ja viide selle kohta, milline oli avastatud mõju suurus;
for tests analysed using regression techniques, the LC/ECx and confidence intervals and a graph of the fitted model used for its calculation,
katsete puhul, milles kasutatakse regressioonitehnikat: LC/ECX ja usaldusvahemikud ning selle arvutamiseks kasutatud sobitatud mudeli graafik;
explanation for any deviation from this testing method.
käesolevast katsemeetodist mis tahes kõrvalekallete selgitamine.
Kristensen P., (1990) Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Short Term Fish Early Life Stage Tests in Relation to other FELS Test Methods.
Kristensen P. (1990). Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Short Term Fish Early Life Stage Tests in Relation to other FELS Test Methods.
Final report to the Commission of the European Communities, p. 60.
Final report to the Commission of the European Communities, 60 pp.
ASTM (1988) Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes.
ASTM (1988). Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes.
Brauhn J.L. and Schoettger R.A., (1975) Acquisition and Culture of Research Fish: Rainbow trout, Fathead minnows, Channel Catfish and Bluegills. p. 54, Ecological Research Series, EPA-660/3-75-011, Duluth, Minnesota.
Brauhn J. L. and Schoettger R. A. (1975). Acquisition and Culture of Research Fish: Rainbow trout, Fathead minnows, Channel Catfish and Bluegills. p. 54, Ecological Research Series, EPA-660/3-75-011, Duluth, Minnesota.
Brungs W.A. and Jones B.R., (1977) Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Protocol and Procedures p. 128, Ecological Research Series EPA-600/3-77-061, Duluth, Minnesota.
Brungs W. A. and Jones B. R. (1977). Temperature Criteria for Freshwater Fish: Protocol and Procedures. p. 128, Ecological Research Series EPA-600/3-77-061, Duluth, Minnesota.
Laale H.W., (1977) The Biology and Use of the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) in Fisheries Research.
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Legault R. (1958). A Technique for Controlling the Time of Daily Spawning and Collecting Eggs of the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio (Hamilton-Buchanan) Copeia, 4, pp. 328–330.
Dave G., Damgaard B., Grande M., Martelin J.E., Rosander B. and Viktor T., (1987) Ring Test of an Embryo-larval Toxicity Test with Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) Using Chromium and Zinc as Toxicants.
Dave G., Damgaard B., Grande M., Martelin J. E., Rosander B. and Viktor T. (1987). Ring Test of an Embryo-larval Toxicity Test with Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) Using Chromium and Zinc as Toxicants.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 6, p. 61-71.
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Birge J.W., Black J.A. and Westerman A.G., (1985) Short-term Fish and Amphibian Embryo-larval Tests for Determining the Effects of Toxicant Stress on Early Life Stages and Estimating Chronic Values for Single Compounds and Complex Effluents.
Birge J. W., Black J. A. and Westerman A. G. (1985). Short-term Fish and Amphibian Embryo-larval Tests for Determining the Effects of Toxicant Stress on Early Life Stages and Estimating Chronic Values for Single Compounds and Complex Effluents.
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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 4, pp. 807–821.
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Van Leeuwen C. J., Espeldoorn A. and Mol F. (1986). Aquatic Toxicological Aspects of Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds.
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Aquatic Toxicology, 9, pp. 129–145.
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Dunnett C.W., (1955) A Multiple Comparisons Procedure for Comparing Several Treatments with Control.
Dunnett C. W.
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Mc Clave J.T., Sullivan J.H. and Pearson J.G., (1980) Statistical Analysis of Fish Chronic Toxicity Test Data.
Mc Clave J. T., Sullivan J. H. and Pearson J.G. (1980).
Proceedings of 4th Aquatic Toxicology Symposium, ASTM, Philadelphia.
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Van Leeuwen C.J., Adema D.M.M. and Hermes J., (1990) Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Fish Early Life Stage Toxicity.
Van Leeuwen C. J., Adema D. M. M. and Hermes J. (1990). Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Fish Early Life Stage Toxicity.
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Aquatic Toxicology, 16, pp. 321–334.
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Report EPS 1/RM/28, December 1992, 81 pp.
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Dave G. and Xiu R. (1991). Toxicity of Mercury, Nickel, Lead and Cobalt to Embryos and Larvae of Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio.
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Arch. of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21, pp. 126–134.
Meyer A., Bierman C.H. and Orti G., (1993) The phylogenetic position of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model system in developmental biology — an invitation to the comperative methods.
Meyer A., Bierman C. H. and Orti G. (1993). The phylogenetic position of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model system in developmental biology – an invitation to the comperative methods.
Royal Society of London, Series B, 252: 231-236.
Royal Society of London, Series B, 252: pp. 231–236.
Ghillebaert F., Chaillou C., Deschamps F. and Roubaud P., (1995) Toxic Effects, at Three pH Levels, of Two Reference Molecules on Common Carp Embryo.
Ghillebaert F., Chaillou C, Deschamps F. and Roubaud P. (1995). Toxic Effects, at Three pH Levels, of Two Reference Molecules on Common Carp Embryo.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 32, p. 19-28.
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De Graeve G.M., Cooney J.D., McIntyre D.O., Poccocic T.L., Reichenbach N.G., Dean J.H. and Marcus M.D., (1991) Validity in the performance of the seven-day Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larval survival and growth test: an intra- and interlaboratory study.
De Graeve G. M., Cooney J. D., McIntyre D. O., Poccocic T. L., Reichenbach N. G., Dean J. H. and Marcus M. D. (1991). Validity in the performance of the seven-day Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larval survival and growth test: an intra- and interlaboratory study.
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Vol. 1, chapter 10: Methods for spawning, culturing and conducting toxicity tests with Early Life stages of Estuarine and Marine fish.
Vol. 1, Chapter 10: Methods for spawning, culturing and conducting toxicity tests with Early Life stages of Estuarine and Marine fish.
Balon E.K., (1985) Early life history of fishes: New developmental, ecological and evolutionary perspectives, Junk Publ., Dordrecht, p. 280.
Balon E. K. (1985). Early life history of fishes: New developmental, ecological and evolutionary perspectives, Junk Publ., Dordrecht, 280 pp.
Blaxter J.H.S., (1988) Pattern and variety in development, In: W.S.
Blaxter J. H. S. (1988). Pattern and variety in development, in: W.
FRESHWATER
MAGEVEEKALAD
Rainbow trout (9)(16)
Vikerforell (9, 16)
Zebrafish (7)(17)(18)
Sebrakala (7, 17, 18)
Common carp (8)(19)
Karpkala (8, 19)
Japanese ricefish/Medaka (20)(21)
Jaapani riisikala (20, 21)
Fathead minnow (8)(22)
Pakspea lepamaim (8, 22)
Table 1B
Tabel 1b
Examples of other well-documented species which have also been used
Näiteid teistest hästi dokumenteeritud liikidest, mida on samuti kasutatud
SALTWATER
MEREKALAD
Tidewater silverside (23)(24)(25)
Tidewater silverside (23, 24, 25)
Sheepshead minnow (23)(24)(25)
Sheepshead minnow (23, 24, 25)
GUIDANCE ON PERFORMANCE OF A TOXICITY TEST ON EMBRYOS AND SAC-FRY OF ZEBRAFISH (BRACHYDANIO RERIO)
JUHEND TOKSILISUSE KATSE TEGEMISEKS VÖÖDILISE PISIDAANIO (BRACHYDANIO RERIO) EMBRÜOTE JA REBUKOTIGA VASTSETEGA
The zebrafish originates from the Coromandel coast of India where it inhabits fast-flowing streams.
Vöödiline pisidaanio on pärit India Coromandeli rannikualalt, kus ta elutseb kiirevoolulistes jõgedes.
It is a common aquarium fish of the carp family, and information about procedures for its care and culture can be found in standard reference books on tropical fish.
Vöödiline pisidaanio on levinud akvaariumikala karpkalalaste sugukonnast ja teavet tema hoolitsemise ja tema kasvatamise kohta võib leida tavalistes troopilisi kalu käsitlevates raamatutes.
Its biology and use in fishery research have been reviewed by Laale (1).
Ülevaate vöödilise pisidaanio bioloogiast ja kasutamisest kalandusalastes uuringutes on koostanud Laale (1).
The fish rarely exceeds 45 mm in length.
Kala kasvab harva pikemaks kui 45 mm.
The body is cylindrical with 7-9 dark-blue horizontal silvery stripes.
Keha on silindrikujuline 7–9 tumesinise horisontaalse hõbedase triibuga.
These stripes run into the caudal and anal fins.
Need triibud ulatuvad sabapoolsete ja anaalsete uimedeni.
The back is olive-green.
Selg on oliivrohelist värvi.
Males are slimmer than females.
Isaskalad on emaskaladest saledamad.
Females are more silvery and the abdomen is distended, particularly prior to spawning.
Emaskalad on hõbedasemad ja nende alakeha on laienenud, eriti enne kudemist.
Adult fishes are able to tolerate large fluctuations in temperature, pH and hardness.
Täiskasvanud kalad on võimelised taluma suuri temperatuuri-, pH- ja vee kareduse kõikumisi.
However, in order to get healthy fish which produce eggs of good quality, optimal conditions should be provided.
Siiski tuleb selliste tervete kalade saamiseks, kellelt saaks kvaliteetseid marjaterasid, tagada optimaalsed tingimused.
During spawning the male pursues and butts the female, and as the eggs are expelled they are fertilised.
Kudemise ajal ajab isaskala emaskala taga ja puksib teda ning kui emaskala väljutab marjaterad, siis need ka viljastatakse.
The eggs, which are transparent and non-adhesive, fall to the bottom where they may be eaten by the parents.
Läbipaistvad ja mittekleepuvad marjaterad vajuvad põhja, kus täiskasvanud kalad võivad need ära süüa.
Spawning is influenced by light.
Kudemist mõjutab valgus.
If the morning light is adequate, the fish usually spawns in the early hours following daybreak.
Kui valgustingimused on hommikul piisavad, koeb vöödiline pisidaanio tavaliselt varajastel hommikutundidel pärast päikesetõusu.
A female can produce batches of several hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals.
Emaskala võib anda nädalaste vahedega mitmesajalisi marjaterade partiisid.
CONDITIONS OF PARENTAL FISH, REPRODUCTION AND EARLY-LIFE STAGES
EELLASTEKS OLNUD KALADE, PALJUNEMISE JA VARAJASTE ELUSTAADIUMITE TINGIMUSED
Select a suitable number of healthy fish and keep these in suitable water (e.g. Annex 4) for at least two weeks prior to the intended spawning.
Välja tuleks valida sobiv arv terveid kalasid ja hoida need sobivas vees (nt 4. liide) vähemalt kaks nädalat enne planeeritud kudemist.
The group of fish should be allowed to breed at least once before producing the batch of eggs used in the test.
Kalade rühmal tuleks võimaldada vähemalt ühe korra sigida enne katses kasutatava marjaterade partiide saamist.
The density of fish during this period should not exceed 1 gram of fish per litre.
Kalade tihedus selle perioodi jooksul ei tohiks olla suurem kui 1 gramm kalu liitri kohta.
Regular changes of water or the use of purification systems will enable the density to be higher.
Regulaarne veevahetus või puhastussüsteemi kasutamine võib võimaldada suuremat tihedust.
The temperature in the holding tanks should be maintained at 25 ± 2 oC.
Temperatuur hoiuanumates tuleks hoida 25 + 2 oC.
Eight females and 16 males are placed in a tank containing 50 litres of dilution water, shielded from direct light and left as undisturbed as possible for at least 48 hours.
Kaheksa emaskala ja 16 isaskala pannakse anumasse, mis sisaldab 50 liitrit lahjendamiseks kasutatavat vett ja mis on varjatud otsese valguse eest ja mida häiritakse nii vähe kui võimalik vähemalt järgneva 48 tunni jooksul.
A number of ‘spawning-trees’, consisting of untwisted nylon rope, are attached to the coarse net of the frame.
Raami jämedakoelise võrgu külge kinnitatakse mitmeid lahti keeratud nailonnöörist tehtud „kudemispuid”.
The spawning tray will prevent the fish from eating the eggs and at the same time permit an easy collection of the eggs.
Kudemiskandik takistab kaladel marjaterasid süüa ning samal ajal võimaldab see kergesti marjaterad kokku koguda.
The group of fish should have spawned at least once before the spawning from which eggs are used for testing.
Kalade rühm peaks olema kudenud vähemalt ühe korra enne katses kasutatava marjaterade partii kudemist.
Five to 10 male and female fish are housed individually at least two weeks prior to the intended spawning.
Viis kuni kümme isast ja emast kala hoitakse eraldi vähemalt kaks nädalat enne planeeritavat kudemist.
After 5-10 days, the abdomens of the females will be distended and their genital papillae visible.
5–10 päeva pärast laienevad emaskalade alakehad ja nende genitaalide papillid muutuvad nähtavaks.
The water temperature is gradually increased one degree higher than the acclimatisation temperature.
Vee temperatuuri tõstetakse, kuni see on ühe kraadi võrra kõrgem aklimatsioonitemperatuurist.
The light is turned off and the tank is left as undisturbed as possible.
Valgus kustutatakse ja anumat häiritakse nii vähe kui võimalik.
If larger batches of eggs are needed than can be obtained from one female, a sufficient number of spawning tanks may be set-up in parallel.
Kui vajatakse suuremaid marjaterade partiisid kui need, mida saab ühelt emaskalalt, võib üles seada piisaval hulgal paralleelseid kudemisanumaid.
By recording the reproduction success of the individual females prior to the test (size of batch and quality), those females with highest reproduction success may be selected for breeding.
Kui registreeritakse iga emaskala paljunemise edukust enne katset (partii suurus ja kvaliteet), võib sigimiseks välja valida suurima reproduktiivsusega emaskalad.
The eggs should be transferred to the test vessels by means of glass tubes (inner diameter not less than 4 mm) provided with a flexible suction bulb.
Marjaterad tuleks viia katseanumasse klaastorude abil (sisediameeter vähemalt 4 mm), millel on elastne imiotsak.
The amount of water accompanying the eggs on their transfer should be as small as possible.
Marjaterade ümberpaigutamisel kaasamineva vee hulk peaks olema võimalikult minimaalne.
The eggs are heavier than water and sink out of the tube.
Marjaterad on veest raskemad ja vajuvad torust välja.
Care should be taken to prevent eggs (and larvae) coming into contact with the air.
Hoolitseda tuleks selle eest, et marjaterad (ja vastsed) ei puutuks kokku õhuga.
Also the development rate and the rate of hatching vary from one batch to another.
Samuti on erinevatel partiidel erinev arenemis- ja koorumiskiirus.
The successfully fertilised eggs and the yolk sac larvae survive well, normally above 90 %.
Edukalt viljastatud marjaterade ja rebukotivastsete ellujäämus on hea, tavaliselt üle 90 %.
At 25 oC the eggs will hatch three-five days after fertilisation and the yolk sac will be absorbed approximately 13 days after fertilization.
25 oC juures kooruvad marjaterad 3.–5. päeval pärast viljastamist ning rebukott imendub ligikaudu 13. päeval pärast viljastamist.