natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
December 2 – festive presentation of Jaan Einasto’s (Member of the Academy) book “Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story” was held in the White Hall at the University of Tartu History Museum.
Akadeemik Jaan Einasto raamatu “Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story” (Tumeda aine ja kosmilise võrgu lugu) pidulik esitlus toimus 2. detsembril Tartu Ülikooli muuseumi valges saalis.
December 4 – the General Assembly elected Professor Jaan Aarik, Institute of Physics at the University of Tartu, to membership of the Academy.
4. detsembril valis üldkogu Akadeemia liikmeks Tartu Ülikooli füüsika instituudi professori Jaan Aariku.
Members of the Division represented the Academy in several decisionmaking and advisory bodies for science administration.
Osakonna liikmed esindasid Akadeemiat mitmes teadusorganisatsioonilises otsustuskogus (vt “Liikmeskond”).
In 2013, there was one meeting of the Division assembly (in two parts), and two extended meetings under partnership agreement between the Academy of Sciences and Tallinn University of Technology, and two electronic Division assemblies.
2013. aastal toimus üks osakonnakogu koosolek (kahes osas), kaks laiendatud koosolekut Teaduste Akadeemia ja Tallinna Tehnikaülikooli (TTÜ) partnerluse raames ning kaks elektroonilist osakonnakogu.
In April the Division assembly was held in electronic format.
Aprillis toimus osakonna kogu elektroonilises vormis.
The overwhelming majority of Division members preferred ‘engineering’.
Osakonna liikmete selge enamus eelistas vakantsi nimetusena ‘tehnikateadused’.
September 4-9 – Division assembly was held in the format of electronic polling.
4.–9. septembril toimus osakonnakogu elektroonilise küsitluse vormis.
On the agenda was conferral of the Nikolai Alumäe Memorial Medal.
Päevakorras oli küsimus Nikolai Alumäe medali väljaandmisest.
As a preference of the Division, it was decided to support the candidacy of Andres Öpik for the vacancy in engineering.
Osakonna eelistusena otsustati toetada Andres Öpiku kandidatuuri tehnikateaduste vakantsile.
The assembly supported the choice of the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences (Lauri Mälksoo) among scientists standing for the vacancy in law.
Toetati HST osakonna valikut (Lauri Mälksoo) õigusteaduse vakantsile kandideerivate teadlaste seast.
Among scientists standing for the vacancy in natural sciences, Ülo Niinemets was considered the preferred candidate.
Leiti, et silmapaist- vaim kandidaat loodusteaduste vakantsile kandideerivate teadlaste seas on Ülo Niinemets.
For the vacancy in exact sciences support was given to the candidacy of Jaan Janno, whose research performance and bibliometric indices are notably high within his area (mathematics).
Täppisteaduste vakantsile kandideerivate teadlaste puhul otsustati toetada Jaan Janno kandidatuuri, kelle tulemuslikkus ja tsiteeritavus oma valdkonnas (matemaatika) on silmapaistvalt kõrge.
A report on experience of the 1st round of the Call for Institutional Research Funding (institutional research application) was presented by Andres Koppel, Head of the Estonian Research Council and Chair of the Evaluation Committee.
Ettekandega institutsionaalsete uurimistoetuste (IUT) esimese vooru kogemustest esines Eesti Teadusagentuuri (ETAg) juhatuse esimees ja hindamisnõukogu esimees Andres Koppel.
The supporting report “Continuity of Estonian research activities” was made by Erkki Truve.
Kaasettekande tegi Erkki Truve “Eesti teadustegevuse järjepidevusest”.
Jaan Ross (Member of the Academy) delivered a paper “The Humanities in the general background of Estonian science”.
Akadeemik Jaan Ross esines ettekandega “Humanitaarteadused Eesti teaduse üldisel taustal”.
A member of the Evaluation Committee of the Estonian Research Council Martti Raidal (Member of the Academy) spoke about financing the research and Margus Lopp (Member of the Academy) presented a paper “Management and organisation of research”.
ETAgi hindamisnõukogu liige akadeemik Martti Raidal kõneles teaduse rahastamisest ja akadeemik Margus Lopp esines ettekandega “Teaduse juhtimisest ja korraldamisest”.
The following speeches and discussion were moderated by Jakob Kübarsepp and Tarmo Soomere.
Lühemaid sõnavõtte ja arutelu modereerisid Jakob Kübarsepp ja Tarmo Soomere.
Discussions indicated a sharp discrepancy in the expectations and judgements towards the instruments for funding R&D activities from the state budget expressed by the Ministry of Education and Research and the Estonian Research Council on the one hand, and the universities and research community on the other hand.
Joonistus välja Haridus- ja Teadusministeeriumi (HTM), ETAgi, ülikooli(de) ja teadlaskonna hinnangute lahknevus teadustegevuse riigieelarveliste meetmete küsimuses ja teaduse finantseerimise süsteemi toimimisele.
According to the (self) assessment of the Estonian Research Council and its Evaluation Committee the first round of the Call for Institutional Research Funding was ‘Good’.
ETAgi ja selle Hindamisnõukogu (enese)hinnang IUT esimesele taotlusvooru- le on ‘hea’.
Research funding from the state budget (institutional research funding, personal research grants, baseline funding) constitutes only a fraction of the total R&D financing.
Riigieelarveline teaduse rahastamine (IUT, personaalsed uurimistoetused, baasfinantseerimine) moodustab vaid väikese osa teadus- ja arendustegevuse finantseerimisest.
Amendment of the R&D Organisation Act underlying the particular Regulation, whereby the terms and procedures for institutional research funding were stipulated, would be of minor significance.
Teadus- ja arendustegevuse korralduse seaduse IUT aluseks oleva määruse muutmine on väheoluline.
Possible few shortcomings, if any, could rather be associated with the Research and Development Council.
Kui vajakajäämisi ongi, siis need on pigem Teadus- ja Arendusnõukogu (TAN) tegevuses.
The primarily quality-based scheme for funding Estonian research from the state budget had found international recognition.
Eesti teaduse eeskätt kvaliteedile tuginev riigieelarvelise finantseerimise skeem on leidnud rahvusvahelist tunnustust.
The achievement of two opposite goals (quality of research and sustainability of R&D institutions) that satisfied all parties would be impracticable in reality.
Kahe vastandliku eesmärgi (teaduse kvaliteet ja T&A asutuste jätkusuutlikkus) kõiki osapooli rahuldav saavutamine ei olegi võimalik.
Researchers expressed an opinion that distinct separation of the so-called strategically important applications for institutional research funding was problematic.
Teadlaste poolt kõlas arvamus, et nn strateegiliselt oluliste IUT taotluste eristamine on problemaatiline.
The general impression was that integrated adoption/implementation of political decisions aimed at securing sustainability had failed the same way in the areas of research and higher education.
Üldine mulje on, et jätkusuutlikkust kindlustavaid poliitilisi otsuseid nii teaduse kui kõrghariduse valdkonnas ei ole suudetud integreeritult vastu võtta/teoks teha.
Although the Ministry of Education and Research also considered the 1st round of institutional research funding applications unsuccessful and acknowledged a definite need for changes, starting with amendments to the Regulation on Institutional Research Funding (and evaluation guidelines), a significant part of researchers still interpreted the undergoing process for coordinating the Regulation of Institutional Research Funding as a simulacrum activity, distracting attention from the major shortcomings/weaknesses of the system (e.g. the utopian nature of the full cost model).
Kuigi ka HTM hinnangul IUTde esimene taotlusvoor ei õnnestunud ning kindlasti on vajalikud muudatused, alustades IUT määruse (ja hindamisjuhendi) muutmisest, interpreteerib arvestatav osa teadlasi praegu käimas olevat IUT määruse kooskõlastamisringi asendustege- vusena, mis juhib tähelepanu süsteemi põhimõttelistelt puudustelt/nõrkustelt (nt full cost mudel utoopilisus) kõrvale.
Stability in work had vanished: it was high time to pay the salaries for January, but respective funds had not been allocated yet.
Töörahu on kadunud: oleks juba aeg jaanuari palka maksma hakata, aga rahaeraldusi veel pole.
Other areas causing worry for researchers proved to be the workplaces, r- search career path and its attractiveness.
Teadlaste vaatekohalt on mureks ka töökohad, teadlaskarjäär ja selle atraktiivsus.
In that context, long-term sustainable funding of research and higher education (doctoral studies in particular) from the state budget was considered a matter of utmost importance with a view to securing the survival of all areas vital for Estonia (both in research and education).
Selles mõttes on teaduse ja kõrghariduse (eriti doktoriõpe) pikaajaline, jätkusuutlik riigieelarveline rahastamine ülioluline tagamaks kõikide Eestile oluliste valdkondade (nii teadus- kui õppevaldkondade) ellujäämise.
General discontent appeared to be an all-pervasive feeling, regardless of fairly plausible respective legislation.
Läbivaks märksõnaks on ‘üldine rahuolematus’, hoolimata sellest, et seadused paberil paistavad kenadena.
A supporting report was presented by a member of the Evaluation Committee of the Council Professor Rainer Kattel from TUT.
Kaasettekandega esines ETAgi hindamisnõukogu liige, TTÜ professor Rainer Kattel.
Subsequent discussions were moderated by Members of the Academy Jakob Kübarsepp and Tarmo Soomere.
Ettekannetele järgnenud arutelu modereerisid akadeemikud Jakob Kübarsepp ja Tarmo Soomere.
Among the proposals made during discussion and thoughts presented, the following were supported by effective consensus:
Arutelu käigus tehtud ettepanekutest ja esitatud mõtetest leidsid praktiliselt konsensusliku toetuse järgmised:
Regardless of rhetoric arguments emphasising the vital importance of R&D activities for Estonia in the next funding programming period, the currently forecast numbers of R&D funding, however, indicate an alarming decrease by approx. ¼ in the new period.
Hoolimata retoorikast, mis rõhutab teadus- ja arendustegevuse (T&A) olulisust Eesti jaoks järgmisel struktuurifondide perioodil, näitavad praegu prognoositavad numbrid T&A finantseerimise murettekitavat vähenemist uuel perioodil ca ¼ võrra.
Science usually features both target specific (project specific) and sustainability specific researches.
Teaduses on tavaliselt esindatud nii eesmärgipõhised (projektipõhised) kui järjepidevusepõhised uuringud.
Contrary to the rhetoric of sustainability, research funding in Estonia has actually become project specific throughout (as it was expressly said, for instance, by Rector Volli Kalm).
Järjepidevuse retoorikast hoolimata on (nagu nt rektor Volli Kalm on avalikult tõdenud) teaduse finantseerimine Eestis kujunenud läbivalt projektipõhiseks.
This has brought about a massive volatility of the system (for example drastic withdrawal of funding for research teams, which have so far shown excellent results), which produces generally a negative impact on the whole R&D system.
Sellega on kaasnenud süsteemi ulatuslik volatiilsus (nt seni suurepäraste tulemustega teadusrühmade rahastamise järsk lõpetamine), millel on üldiselt negatiivne mõju kogu T&A süsteemile.
The meeting suggested, as one possibility to lower volatility, to take into account more specifically the differences between areas of R&D.
Ühe võimalusena volatiilsuse vähendamiseks soovitati hindamisel täpsemalt arvestada teadus- ja arendustegevuse valdkondadevahelisi erisusi.
Drawing on concrete examples, several speakers emphasised the quality problems when assessing the applications (among others making decisions on the basis of such criteria, which have not been indicated in the Research and Development Organisation Act, other legal acts or guidelines for assessment; assessment of institutional research applications on the basis of such aspects, which are usual in case of individual applications, absence of essential feedback, apparently incorrect assertions and conclusions contained in final reviews).
Mitmed sõnavõtnud rõhutasid konkreetsetele näidetele tuginedes kvaliteediprobleeme taotluste hindamisel (sh otsuste tegemine selliste kriteeriumite alusel, mis ei ole märgitud ei teadus- ja arendus- korralduse seaduses, muudes õigusaktides ega ka hindamisjuhendis; IUTide hindamine selliste aspektide alusel, mis on tavapärased individuaalsete taotluste puhul, sisulise tagasisideme puudumine, lõpp- retsensioonides sisalduvad ilmselt ebaõiglased väited ja järeldused).
In view of the foregoing, it was deemed as necessary the delivery of estimates of (external) reviewers to applicants, absent whereof the institutions will find it complicated to improve their R&D quality.
Eelnevast lähtudes peeti vajalikuks (välis)retsensentide hinnangute edastamist taotluse esitajatele, ilma milleta on asutustel keerukas oma T&A kvaliteeti parandada.
Members of the Division presented two academic papers in the Academy Hall.
Osakonna liikmed pidasid Akadeemia saalis kaks akadeemilist loengut.
On May 8, Tarmo Soomere spoke on the topic “The Baltic Sea coast under human and environmental pressure” and on November 13 Tarmo Uus- talu spoke on the topic “Hijacked science”.
Tarmo Soomere kõneles 8. mail teemal “Läänemere rannik inimeste ja looduse surve all” ning Tarmo Uustalu 13. novembril teemal “Kaaperdatud teadus”.
On October 14, Jaak Vilo organised the public seminar on infrastructure of bioinformatics in the Academy Hall.
Jaak Vilo korraldas 14. oktoobril samas bioinformaatika taristu teemalise avaliku seminari.
J.Engelbrecht was Editor-in-Chief of the collection of essays and articles about the Academy “Scientific thought in Estonia VIII.
Teaduste Akadeemia esseede ja artiklite kogumiku “Teadusmõte Eestis VIII.
J.Engelbrecht organised the conference “Excellence in Research” (Estonian Academy of Sciences, 22-23.10.2013), where a paper was presented by R.Ubar.
Konverentsi “Excellence in Research” (Teaduste Akadeemia, 22–23.10.2013) korraldaja oli ITTO liige J. Engelbrecht, pikema ettekandega esines R. Ubar.
The Academy was represented in the European Marine Board (T.Soomere), European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC, L.Mõtus) and its Environment Steering Panel (T.Soomere) and Energy Steering Panel (E.Lust).
Esindati Teaduste Akadeemiat Euroopa Merekomitees (T. Soomere), Euroopa Teaduste Akadeemiate Nõuandvas Kogus (EASAC, L. Mõtus) ning selle keskkonnapaneelis (T. Soomere) ja energiapaneelis (E. Lust).
At the end of the year (13.12.2013) Estonia signed as the fifth country the ELIXIR (European Life Science Infrastructure for Biological Information) consortium agreement.
Aasta lõpul (13.12.2013) kirjutas Eesti viienda riigina alla ELIXIR (Euroopa bioinformaatika infrastruktuur) konsortsiumileppele.
J.Vilo is Head of the Estonian ELIXIR unit.
J. Vilo on Eesti ELIXIR üksuse juht.
The Division organised several events in Estonia.
Korraldati mitmeid üritusi Eestis.
J.Vilo was main organiser of the 12th Summer School of Estonian Computer and Systems Science (ESSCaSS 2013, Voore, 18-22.08.2013).
J. Vilo oli XII Eesti Arvuti- ja Süsteemiteaduse suvekooli (ESSCaSS 2013, Voore, 18.22.08.2013) peakorraldaja.
T.Uustalu was main organiser of the 28th Winter School of Estonian Computer Science (EWSCS 2013, Palmse, 03-08.03.2013), the co-organiser of the 25th Nordic Workshop on Programming Theory, NWPT ’13, Tallinn, 20- 22.11.2013 and he participated in organising two Computer Science Theory Days (Otepää, Saka).
T. Uustalu oli XVIII Eesti Arvutiteaduse Talvekooli (EWSCS 2013, Palmse, 03.– 08.03.2013) peakorraldaja, XXV Põhjamaade programmeerimisteooria töötoa (25th Nordic Workshop on Programming Theory, NWPT ’13, Tallinn, 20.22.11.2013) kaaskorraldaja ning osales kahe arvutiteaduse teooriapäeva (Otepää, Saka) korraldamises.
H.Aben was main organiser of the 13th International Glass Stresses Summer School (Tallinn, May 2013).
H. Aben oli XIII rahvusvaheline klaasi pingete suvekooli (Tallinn, mai 2013) peakorraldaja.
Members of the Division were among initiators of several events held abroad.
Osakonna liikmed olid ka mitmete välismaal toimunud ürituste eestvedajad.
E.Mellikov was a member of Scientific Committee of the 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC, Paris, 30.09.2013) and 5th international conference Radiation interaction with material and its use in technologies 2013 (Kaunas, Lithuania).
E. Mellikov oli XVIII European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC, Pariis, 30.09.2013) ja V. rahvusvahelise konverentsi Radiation interaction with material and its use in technologies 2013 (Kaunas, Leedu) teaduskomitee liige.
A.Ots was an organising committee member of international scientific conferences Plant Maintenance for Managing Life & Performance, Baltic Heat Transfer Conference and International Fluidized Bed Conference.
A. Ots oli rahvusvaheliste teaduskonverentside Plant Maintenance for Managing Life & PerformanceBaltic Heat Transfer Conference ja International Fluidized Bed Conference orgkomiteede liige.
T.Soomere was an organising committee member of the 8th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Kaunas, Lithuania, 26- 30.08.2013).
T. Soomere oli VIII Läänemere mereteaduse kongressi (Baltic Sea Science Congress, Kaunas, Leedu, 26.–30.08.2013) orgkomitee liige.
J.Engelbrecht organised an e-conference of WAAS (World Academy of Art and Science) on the role of complex systems in the present society.
J. Engelbrecht organiseeris WAAS (Maailma Kunsti ja Teaduse Akadeemia) e-konverentsi komplekssüsteemide osast tänapäeva ühiskonnas.
Members of the Division continued their activities in research as well as in various organisations and assemblies responsible for R&D administration and funding at national and European level, see “Membership” and “International Foreign Relations”.
Osakonna liikmed on jätkuvalt aktiivsed nii teadustöös kui ka teaduskorralduslikus tegevuses, sh mitmesugustes teadus- ja arendustegevust korraldavates ja rahastavates organisatsioonides ning kogudes nii Eesti kui ka Euroopa mastaabis, vt “Liikmeskond” ja “Teaduslikud välissuhted”.
In 2013, three extended meetings of the Board of the Division and three meetings of the Division (one of them electronic) were held.
2013. a toimus kolm BGKO nõukogu laiendatud koosolekut ja kaks BGKO kogu (neist üks elektrooniline).
The meeting of the Division held on January 11 was preceded by an extended Board meeting in the electronic format on January 3-8, attended by practically all members of the Division.
11. jaanuaril toimunud BGKO kogule eelnes 3.8. jaanuarini elektroonilise koosoleku vormis laiendatud nõukogu, kus osalesid praktiliselt kõik BGKO akadeemikud.
They discussed the report for 2012 and approved the plan of most important events for 2013.
Arutati 2012. a aruannet ja kinnitati 2013. a tähtsamate ürituste kava.
May 2-12 – Board meeting in the electronic format, putting to vote the question, according to a respective decision of the Board of the Academy, whether the new vacancy of the Division would be ‘natural sciences’ or some other narrower speciality.
2.12. maini toimus BGKO kogu elektrooniline koosolek, kus vastavat TA juhatuse otsust järgides hääletamiseks küsimus, kas BGKO uus vakants saab olema ‘loodusteadused’ või mõni kitsam eriala.
For filling that vacancy, 5 applications were received (A.Kahru, M.Kivisaar, I.Leito, T.Timmusk, Ü.Niinemets).
Nimetatud vakantsi täitmiseks laekus 5 esildist (A. Kahru, M. Kivisaar,
A round of questions and discussion was followed by ballot voting for preference concerning the 5 above mentioned researchers in the range of specialty areas covered by the Division as well as candidates belonging to other Divisions.
Kuulati ära BGKO profiilile vastavate kandidaatide ettekanded ning päast küsimusi ja arutelu viidi läbi nii 5 ülalnimetatud teadlase kui ka teistesse osakondadesse avaldusi esitanute salajane eelistushääletus.
In 2013, the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences held two regular meetings: on May 23 and on October 18.
Humanitaar- ja Sotsiaalteaduste Osakond viis 2013. aastal läbi kaks korralist koosolekut: 23. mail ja 18. oktoobril.
May 30 Kitty Zijlmans (Leiden University), “Potatoes, ears, passports, homes.
30. mai Kitty Zijlmans (Universiteit Leiden), “Potatoes, ears, pass- ports, homes.
January 11 – inauguration of Hando Runnel was celebrated at the historical University Café, Tartu.
11. jaanuaril tähistati akadeemik Hando Runneli inauguratsiooni Tartu Ülikooli vanas kohvikus.
January 25 – Mihhail Bronshtein celebrated his 90th birtday at the the Academy House.
25. jaanuaril tähistati Teaduste Akadeemia saalis akadeemik Mihhail Bronšteini 90. juubelitähtpäeva.
February 12 – in a column of the daily Postimees, Tartu University Hospital Children's Fund expressed appreciation to Mihhail Bronshtein for his generous donation of 2,500 euros that had been raised at his birthday.
12. veebruaril avaldas Tartu Ülikooli Kliinikumi Lastefond ajalehes Postimees tänu akadeemik Mihhail Bronšteinile, kelle sünnipäeval kogutud annetustest sai fond heategevuseks 2 500 eurot.
February 11 – Jaan Undusk initiated a démarche against the potential closure of the Departments of Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian languages at the University of Groeningen.
11. veebruaril algatas akadeemik Jaan Undusk demarši Groeningeni ülikooli soome-ugri ja skandinavistika õppetoolide sulgemise teemal.
May 20 – Board at its meeting heard reports on the activities of the Estonian Society for the Study of Religions and the Estonian Semiotics Association.
20. mai juhatuse istungil esinesid aruannetega Eesti Akadeemilise Usundiloo Seltsi ja Eesti Semiootika Seltsi esindajad.
October 31 – expert seminar of the Nordic Council “Smart migration policy” held at the Academy House was co-organised by the Division.
31. oktoobril toimus Akadeemia majas Põhjamaade Nõukogu ekspertseminar “Nutikas rändepoliitika”, mille kaasorganiseerijaks oli HSTO.
November 12 – Research Professor Rein Ahas organised the so-called Tallinn Day under the title “Urban and human geographical processes in Estonia”.
12. novembril korraldas uurija-professor Rein Ahas nn Tallinna päeva “Linna- ja rahvastikugeograafilised suundumused Eestis”.
Participants also visited the enterprise Estelaxe OÜ and the old Lasva water tower.
Külastati ka ettevõtet Estelaxe OÜ ning Lasva veetorni.
Members of the Division represented the Academy in several decisionmaking bodies for science administration (see “Membership”).
Osakonna liikmed esindasid Akadeemiat mitmes teadusorganisatsioonilises otsustuskogus (vt “Liikmeskond”).
In Estonia research in meteoritics is carried out at the University of Tartu, Tallinn University of Technology and the Geological Survey of Estonia LLC.
Meteoriitika-alast uurimistööd Eestis viiakse läbi Tartu Ülikoolis, Tallinna Tehnikaülikoolis ning Eesti Geoloogiakeskus OÜs.
The main objects explored in 2013 were:
Aastal 2013 olid peamisteks uuritavateks objektideks:
Osmussaar’s sediment vein mineralogical and micro-paleontological researches (Department of Geology, University of Tartu);
Osmussaare settesoonte mineraloogilised ja mikropaleontoloogilised uuringud (TÜ geoloogia osakond);
Seismic surveys of the Dobele meteorite crater (Latvia) (Department of Geology, University of Tartu);
Dobele meteoriidikraatri (Läti) seismomeetrilised uuringud (TÜ geoloogia osakond);
Mineralogical surveys of the Pilistvere meteorite (Department of Geology, University of Tartu).
Pilistvere meteoriidi mineraloogilised uuringud (TÜ geoloogia osakond).
August 8 – Rudolf Välja presented a paper “Inverted structure of melt-rich impact breccias at Bosumtwi crater: Implications to mixing and cooling history of fallout suevites” at the conference “Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution V” (Sudbury, Canada).
8. augustil esines Rudolf Välja konverentsil “Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution V” (Sudbury, Kanada) ettekandega “Inverted structure of melt-rich impact breccias at Bosumtwi crater: Implications to mixing and cooling history of fallout suevites”.
November 13 – Jüri Plado gave a public lecture “Geophysical methods in studies of Fennoscandian and Baltic impact structures” at the Natural History Museum in Berlin.
13. novembril pidas Jüri Plado Berliini loodusmuuseumis avaliku loengu “Geophysical methods in studies of Fennoscandian and Baltic impact structures”.