natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Υπάρχει μια κοινή καλλιτεχνική, πνευματική, υλική και ηθική κληρονομιά ανυπέρβλητου πλούτου, ανάλογη της οποίας δύσκολα μπορεί να βρεθεί στην ανθρώπινη ιστορία, που οικοδομήθηκε από διαδοχικές γενεές και αξίζει να διατηρηθεί, να αναγνωριστεί και να διαδοθεί.
Ambitious in that the objective set is not to “delay the inevitable”, but on the contrary to anchor linguistic diversity in a sustainable way in the lives of the people of Europe — its citizens, its peoples and its institutions; ambitious because the solution should be able to function whatever the number of languages involved and also because the aim is not just to find a compromise which will not impede European integration, but to find a way which will allow significant headway to be made towards European integration.At the same time we would like our approach to be realistic.
Κάθε Ευρωπαίος, όπου κι αν ζει, απ' όπου κι αν προέρχεται, πρέπει να μπορεί να κάνει δική του την κληρονομιά αυτή και να την αναγνωρίζει ως δική του, χωρίς υπεροψία, αλλά με εύλογη υπερηφάνεια.
Throughout our discussions we never lost sight of the fact that what we are seeking to do would be meaningless if the outcome did not produce proposals which could be applied on the ground.
Εντούτοις, η κληρονομιά μας δεν είναι ένας κλειστός κατάλογος.
Obviously there are no simple solutions to such complex problems, but it is essential to map out where we want to go.
Κάθε γενεά έχει το καθήκον να την εμπλουτίζει σε όλους ανεξαιρέτως τους τομείς, ανάλογα με την ευαισθησία κάθε ατόμου και με τις επιρροές που, στην εποχή μας, φθάνουν από κάθε γωνιά του πλανήτη.
This means that every European language should have, in each of the countries of the European Union, a substantial group of proficient and highly motivated speakers.Numbers would of course vary substantially depending on the language concerned, but the number should everywhere be large enough for its speakers to be able to cater for all aspects — economic, political, cultural, etc. — of the « binary » relations between the two countries concerned.
III - Αν είναι απαραίτητο για την Ευρώπη να ενθαρρύνει την πολυμορφία της πολιτιστικής έκφρασης, το ίδιο απαραίτητο είναι
As we see it, the personal adoptive language would in no way be a second foreign language but, rather, a sort of second mother tongue.Learned intensively, spoken and written fluently, it would be part and parcel of the school and university curriculum of every European citizen, and of everyone’s occupational curriculum.Learning that language would go hand in hand with familiarity with the country/countries in which that language is used, along with the literature, culture, society and history linked with that language and its speakers.
να επιβεβαιώσει την παγκοσμιότητα των ουσιωδών αξιών.
At the same time, the languages which have fewer speakers, including those which are very much minority languages, would get an unprecedented boost.
Πρόκειται για δύο πτυχές της ίδιας διακήρυξης πίστης, χωρίς την οποία η ευρωπαϊκή ιδέα θα έχανε κάθε νόημα.
The logic of a policy based on a personal adoptive language is that the choice of language would be made in the same way as the choice of a profession.
Ο λόγος ύπαρξης του ευρωπαϊκού εγχειρήματος που εγκαινιάστηκε την επαύριο του δευτέρου παγκοσμίου πολέμου, είναι η πίστη σε ορισμένες αξίες.
Achieving f l fluency in a comparatively rare language would give the individual an added advantage comparable to that of a rare specialisation in a leading-edge field.
Αυτές οι αξίες έχουν διατυπωθεί επανειλημμένα από ευρωπαίους στοχαστές, αλλά δημιουργήθηκαν και σε μεγάλο βαθμό από μια υγιή αντίδραση σε αιματηρά και απάνθρωπα επεισόδια της ίδιας της ευρωπαϊκής ιστορίας.
In the long run, all the languages would have their speakers, albeit in a very uneven, but still significant way.And, in particular, in a lasting way.
Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση δημιουργήθηκε ως αντίδραση στους καταστροφικούς πολέμους, ως αντίδραση στα ολοκληρωτικά εγχειρήματα, ως αντίδραση στο ρατσισμό και τον αντισημιτισμό.
One of the big advantages of the approach we propose is that every European language would have a special place in the bilateral exchanges with all European partners, that none would be condemned to disappearance, none would be reduced to the status of local dialect.
Τα πρώτα βήματα της ευρωπαϊκής οικοδόμησης συνέπεσαν επίσης με το τέλος της αποικιοκρατίας και εγκαινιάζουν μια μεταβολή στη φύση των σχέσεων μεταξύ της Ευρώπης και του υπόλοιπου κόσμου.
Accordingly, the native speakers of that language, however few they may be, would no longer have to feel belittled, excluded or overwhelmed.
Δεν είναι ποτέ εύκολο να διατυπωθεί επακριβώς, και ιδίως εξαντλητικά, ποιες είναι οι αξίες τις οποίες πρέπει να ενστερνίζεται κάθε άνθρωπος για να έχει θέση κάτω από τη σκέπη της Ευρώπης.
To neglect a language is to run the risk of seeing its speakers becoming disenchanted with the European project. People cannot be expected to be wholeheartedly behind Europe unless they feel that their specific culture, and primarily their language, is fully respected and that the integration of their country in the European Union contributes to the flourishing of their language and culture rather than marginalising them.
Αλλά αυτή η ασάφεια, που οφείλεται σε μια εύλογη διανοητική σύνεση, δεν σημαίνει ότι πρέπει να αρκεστούμε στο ρελατιβισμό όσον αφορά τις θεμελιώδεις αξίες.
So many of the crises we have witnessed in Europe and elsewhere stem from the fact that a community has sometime in the past felt that its language was not respected; we have to remain careful to head o such feelings from emerging in the years and decades ahead, for they would undermine European cohesion.Every language is the product of a unique historical experience, each is the carrier of a memory, a literary heritage, a specific skill, and is the legitimate basis of cultural identity.
Η υπεράσπιση της αξιοπρέπειας του ανθρώπου - άνδρα, γυναίκας ή παιδιού -, η διατήρηση της σωματικής και της ηθικής ακεραιότητας, η παρεμπόδιση της υποβάθμισης του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος, η άρνηση κάθε ταπείνωσης και κάθε καταχρηστικής διάκρισης που συνδέεται με το χρώμα, με τη
Languages are not interchangeable, none is dispensable, none is superfluous. To preserve all the languages of our heritage, including the ancestral European languages such as Latin and ancient Greek; to encourage, even for languages which are very much minority languages, their development in the rest of the continent, is inseparable from the very idea of a Europe of peace, culture, universality and prosperity.
θρησκεία, με τη γλώσσα, με την εθνοτική προέλευση, με το φύλο, με την ηλικία, με την αναπηρία κ.λπ. είναι αξίες στις οποίες δεν μπορούν να γίνουν παραχωρήσεις στο όνομα οποιασδήποτε πολιτισμικής ιδιαιτερότητας.
True to the ideals which give modern Europe its raison d’être, the approach we advocate should also have an impact on the quality of life of the citizens of Europe, on the quality of relationships between the European nations, on the relations of our continent with the rest of the world, on the harmonious coexistence of cultures in our societies, on the smooth running of the Community institutions, and, more generally, on the pursuit and consolidation of European integration.
Με μια λέξη, πιστεύουμε ότι η ευρωπαϊκή ιδέα θεμελιώνεται σε δύο αδιαχώριστες απαιτήσεις : παγκοσμιότητα των κοινών ηθικών αρχών και πολυμορφία της πολιτιστικής έκφρασης.
For the people of Europe, old and young alike, intensive and in-depth knowledge of a language and all the culture that it transmits is a major factor of fulfilment. lment.
Έχοντας υπόψη αυτές τις αρχές, αναζητήσαμε δρόμο επίλυσης που να είναι συγχρόνως φιλόδοξος και ρεαλιστικός.
While in certain areas of activity, English is already virtually essential, the inclusion in one’s curriculum vitae of a language which might already have been mentioned by all the other candidates does not give the applicant any additional asset in the quest for a job, or in pursuing an activity.This is already the case to a very large extent today and will be increasingly so in the future.
Φιλόδοξος, γιατί ο στόχος που έχουμε θέσει δεν είναι να «καθυστερήσουμε το αναπόφευκτο», αλλά αντίθετα να παγιώσουμε τη γλωσσική πολυμορφία στη ζωή των Ευρωπαίων - πολιτών, λαών και θεσμικών οργάνων· φιλόδοξος, γιατί η λύση θα πρέπει να μπορεί να λειτουργεί ανεξάρτητα από τον αριθμό των γλωσσών που λαμβάνονται υπόψη, αλλά και γιατί δεν αρκεί να βρεθεί μια ρύθμιση που να μην είναι βλαπτική για την ευρωπαϊκή ολοκλήρωση:
People will have to have another string to their bows to stress their distinctiveness, to mark out their specific « domain », and thus enhance their profile in the employment market; to do that, they will have to have another language, their own language, their distinctive language, not as ordinary as English, and at the same time different from the one they already share with their compatriots.For those Europeans whose mother tongue has a dominant place in the world, and we think immediately of the British, acquiring a personal adoptive language is probably even more vital than for others, given that the temptation to remain ensconced in monolingualism is probably much stronger than elsewhere. Without a special effort to promote, from the very earliest age, the intensive learning of an additional language, the advantage which English speakers today have would rapidly become eroded, and the globalisation of their mother tongue would have an adverse effect on their competitiveness at both individual and collective levels.
χρειάζεται να χαραχθεί ένας δρόμος που να επιτρέπει να επιτευχθεί σημαντική πρόοδος προς την κατεύθυνση της ευρωπαϊκής ολοκλήρωσης.
By underlining the bilateral nature of linguistic relations between the different countries, our approach should have a positive impact on the quality of relations between Europeans, individuals and peoples alike.
Εντούτοις, η προσέγγισή μας φιλοδοξεί να είναι ρεαλιστική.
We feel that this policy would be considerably enhanced if everyone could express themselves in a language they are perfectly fl uent in, either their own or that of their partner, rather than, as so often happens nowadays, through the medium of a third language in which they lack that fluency.
Σε όλη τη διάρκεια των συζητήσεών μας δεν ξεχάσαμε ποτέ ότι η δουλειά μας δεν θα είχε κανένα νόημα αν δεν κατέληγε σε προτάσεις με δυνατότητες συγκεκριμένης εφαρμογής.
Accordingly, to learn the language of a partner who happens to be a former enemy is very important, both for its symbolic value as well as for its practical advantages.If there is to be greater cohesion between the countries of the European Union, it is not enough for them to simply all belong to the same entity, the bilateral links between each country and each partner must be cemented by powerful ties based in particular on the special place occupied, for the citizens of each country, by the language of the other.Despite the efforts of certain leading founder countries, such as France and Germany, we are witnessing an erosion of the level of knowledge of the neighbour’s language in favour of a language of international communication, which is deemed to be more useful.
Ασφαλώς, δεν υπάρχουν απλές λύσεις για τόσο πολύπλοκα προβλήματα, αλλά είναι σημαντικό να προσδιοριστεί ο στόχος προς τον οποίο θα τείνουν οι προσπάθειές μας.
If we are to reverse this seemingly inexorable trend we have to make a clean break with the traditional logic behind language learning, by making a clear distinction between the two choices to be made, one depending on the international status of a language, and the other, that of the personal adoptive language, based on completely different criteria which are very varied and very subjective.
Η κατεύθυνση που προτείνουμε στρέφεται γύρω από δύο ιδέες που είναι στην πραγματικότητα οι δύο όψεις του ίδιου νομίσματος :
By allowing people not to have to choose between utilitarian considerations and cultural affinity, we would restore a powerful motivation to learn every European language, which might be that of a distant country, but could just as well be that of the neighbour.
Φυσικά, ο αριθμός τους θα ποικίλλει ανάλογα με τις γλώσσες, αλλά θα πρέπει να είναι παντού αρκετά μεγάλος, ώστε να
While it is likely that most of our fellow citizens would select as their personal adoptive language that of another country of the European Union, it is also likely that many of them would opt for languages from other continents, ideally the languages of the big Asian countries which have become major economic partners.
μπορούν να ασχοληθούν με όλες τις πτυχές — οικονομικές, πολιτικές, πολιτιστικές κ.τ.λ. — των διμερών σχέσεων ανάμεσα στις δύο ενδιαφερόμενες χώρες.
Our group long pondered the problem of preventing cultural diversity from having a negative impact on harmonious coexistence within European societies.
B - Για να δημιουργηθούν αυτές οι ομάδες για όλες τις ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες, η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση θα πρέπει να προωθήσει την έννοια της γλώσσας προσωπικής επιλογής.
We could say in this regard what we said on the subject of European diversity in general, i.e. that it is simultaneously a source of enrichment but also a source of tension, and that a wise policy is one which while recognising the full complexity of the issue would endeavour to make the utmost of the advantages and play down the drawbacks.
Αυτό που εννοούμε είναι ότι κάθε Ευρωπαίος θα ενθαρρύνεται να επιλέξει ελεύθερα μια συγκεκριμένη γλώσσα, διαφορετική από την εθνική του γλώσσα, αλλά και από τη γλώσσα που χρησιμοποιεί για τη διεθνή επικοινωνία.
We feel that the approach we are proposing to manage linguistic diversity could contribute significantly to this twofold objective.For immigrants, the personal adoptive language should in the normal run of events be that of the country in which they have chosen to live. A thorough knowledge of the national language and the culture it carries with it is essential if they are to integrate into the host society and play their part in economic, social, intellectual, artistic and political life.
Έτσι όπως την αντιλαμβανόμαστε, η γλώσσα προσωπικής επιλογής δεν είναι σε καμία περίπτωση μια δεύτερη ξένη γλώσσα, αλλά μάλλον, κατά κάποιον τρόπο, μια δεύτερη μητρική γλώσσα.
For immigrants to Europe, it is also a factor of adhesion to Europe in general, its Community project, its cultural heritage and its fundamental values.In parallel with this and, we might say, in reciprocal fashion, it is vital for the countries of Europe to understand how important it is for every immigrant or person originating from immigration, to maintain knowledge of their own language of origin.
Η εκμάθηση της θα συνοδεύεται από εξοικείωση με τη χώρα ή τις χώρες στις οποίες ομιλείται, με τη φιλολογία, την κουλτούρα, την κοινωνία και την ιστορία που συνδέονται με αυτή τη γλώσσα και με όσους τη χρησιμοποιούν.
We believe that it is healthy to dissociate these two powerful factors of identity, to develop linguistic and cultural belonging, not at the expense of religion but at the expense of identity-oriented use of religion, and could help to reduce tension in our European societies as in the rest of the world.Just as immigrants would be encouraged to fully adopt the language of the host country and the culture it carries, it would be fair and useful for the immigrants’ languages of identity to also be part of the languages which Europeans themselves would be encouraged to adopt.
Με αυτή την προσέγγιση επιθυμούμε να ξεπεράσουμε την αντιπαλότητα που υπάρχει σήμερα ανάμεσα στα αγγλικά και τις υπόλοιπες γλώσσες οδηγώντας σε υποβάθμιση των τελευταίων, μια αντιπαλότητα που είναι σε βάρος και της αγγλικής γλώσσας και όσων τη μιλούν.
Our reflection group did not set out expressly to examine the effects of language diversity on the functioning of the Community institutions. However, we feel that by stressing the bilateral language-to-language relations, the approach we advocate could help to rationalise the management of language diversity within the Union, including as regards the day-to-day running of the institutions.
Κάνοντας μια σαφή διάκριση, όταν έρχεται η ώρα της επιλογής, ανάμεσα σε μια γλώσσα διεθνούς επικοινωνίας και μια γλώσσα προσωπικής επιλογής, θα δώσουμε το κίνητρο στους Ευρωπαίους να λαμβάνουν, σχετικά με την εκμάθηση γλωσσών, δύο ξεχωριστές αποφάσεις, η μία από τις οποίες θα υπαγορεύεται από τις ανάγκες της όσο το δυνατόν ευρύτερης επικοινωνίας, ενώ η άλλη θα καθοδηγείται από ένα ολόκληρο φάσμα προσωπικών κινήτρων που θα συνδέονται με την προσωπική ή την οικογενειακή διαδρομή, τα επαγγελματικά ενδιαφέροντα, τις πολιτιστικές προτιμήσεις, την πνευματική περιέργεια κ.τ.λ. .
Rather than be confronted with a huge tangle which is virtually impossible to unravel, consisting of dozens of languages generating hundreds of possible connections, and inevitably generating countless recriminations, we would thus be dealing with pairs of languages associated with one other on the ground, the relationships between them being above all managed by their speakers, i.e. by the people most attached to the two languages simultaneously, and best qualified to strengthen the ties between the two peoples concerned.There is a case for having, for each pair of countries, a bilateral and bilingual organisation — an institution, a foundation, an association, or simply a committee — set up at the initiative of the political leaders or a group of citizens with a strong attachment to both countries, to their languages and to their cultures. This organisation would take initiatives to develop mutual knowledge, would endeavour to get national, regional or municipal authorities, schools and universities, the business sector, associations of teachers, translators, writers or publishers, celebrities, active citizens, etc. interested in its projects.Amongst the wide range of tasks which could be assigned to these bilateral organisations, one of the most important would be to ensure that the language of each country is taught to a certain number of people in the partner country, that school and university courses include extended stays in the other country, that institutions and companies, both public and private, support those who were to choose these languages and offer them placements and then jobs.
Για καθεμία από τις αποφάσεις αυτές θα πρέπει να υπάρχει η μεγαλύτερη δυνατή επιλογή.
Any number of twinning operations between towns, districts and even villages, as well as between teaching establishments, sports associations, between publishers, etc. could also be envisaged.Each of these bilateral organisations would focus its efforts on strengthening the links between the speakers of the two languages it is seeking to pair up.
Όσον αφορά τη γλώσσα διεθνούς επικοινωνίας, δεν αμφιβάλλουμε ότι οι περισσότεροι θα επέλεγαν σήμερα τα αγγλικά.
Needless to say, every country in the Union should also have similar structures reaching out with the same commitment to all the other countries.
Ορισμένοι όμως θα μπορούσαν να επιλέξουν τα γαλλικά, τα ισπανικά, τα πορτογαλικά, τα κινεζικά ή και άλλες γλώσσες.
The outcome sought would be to achieve a sort of “network” covering the whole of Europe and which would strengthen the sense of community while leaving each one’s sense of identity intact.In this picture, the role of the Community institutions would be to help to design the general frameworkwithin which these bilateral linguistic relations would be established where they do not at present exist, and if need be to harmonise them; to centralise information on each « language pair », particularly in order to extend the advantage of one party’s experience to the other and generalise the methods which produce results, while at the same time cautioning against those which fail to live up to expectations.
Για τη γλώσσα προσωπικής επιλογής, οι δυνατότητες θα είναι ουσιαστικά απεριόριστες.
In some cases, particularly that of relations between two essentially minority languages, the Community institutions could provide financial assistance for teaching and teacher training programmes, school and university exchanges, translation, etc.
Είναι αυτονόητο ότι μεγάλο μέρος των Ευρωπαίων θα επιλέξει μία από τις μεγάλες εμβληματικές γλώσσες που διαδραμάτισαν πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο στην ιστορία της ηπείρου
We nevertheless think that generally speaking this assistance should be phased down once the system is run in, gets up to speed and becomes self-sustaining.
μας.
The implications
Με αυτό τον τρόπο μπορεί να σταματήσει η υποβάθμιση των γλωσσών αυτών και να αρχίσει μια νέα φάση ανάπτυξής τους.
We have not in this report sought to list the measures to be taken to implement the approach we advocate.
Συγχρόνως, οι γλώσσες που ομιλούνται λιγότερο, ή ακόμα και αυτές που ομιλούνται από πολύ λίγους, θα αποκτήσουν μια ακτινοβολία χωρίς προηγούμενο.
At this stage, the point was to map out a direction and try to convince our fellow citizens and our leaders of its relevance.We nevertheless deemed it necessary to devote much of our work to the practical implications of our recommendations, in order to be sure that, while setting out to be ambitious and innovative, they remain perfectly rational and realistic; that it would be be possible to put them into practice without major problems, without substantial delay and without undue cost; and that they would clearly work to the advantage of every country, every culture, and every citizen, irrespective of their language, and whatever their expectations concerning the future of Europe. This prompts us to make the following comments:
Η λογική μιας πολιτικής που θα ενθαρρύνει την εκμάθηση γλώσσας προσωπικής επιλογής είναι, πράγματι, ότι η επιλογή μιας γλώσσας γίνεται όπως η επιλογή επαγγέλματος.
A language we are asserting a principle which cannot be followed up instantaneously in every town, every village and for every language. As always with such principles, the point of ours is to mark out a path, to set an objective towards which we work as best we can.
Η άπταιστη γνώση μιας σχετικά σπάνιας γλώσσας θα αποτελεί πλεονέκτημα ανάλογο με μια σπάνια εξειδίκευση σε ένα κλάδο αιχμής.
The important idea here is that it is not only “at the top “ that the two or three foreign languages a person might have the opportunity of learning should be determined; this decision should be taken at “grassroots” level, i.e. in schools and also, increasingly, by the citizens themselves.
Μακροπρόθεσμα, θα δημιουργηθούν ομάδες ατόμων για όλες τις γλώσσες, ασφαλώς πολύ άνισες αριθμητικά, αλλά πάντα σημαντικές.
One of the advantages of our approach is that it does not, in order to be put into practice, need to
Και κυρίως μόνιμες.
B wait for the national or Community decision makers to decide.
Μια από τις σπουδαιότερες συνέπειες της προσέγγισης που προτείνουμε είναι ότι κάθε ευρωπαϊκή γλώσσα θα αποκτήσει μια προνομιακή θέση στις διμερείς ανταλλαγές με όλους τους ευρωπαίους εταίρους, ότι καμία δεν θα είναι καταδικασμένη να εξαφανιστεί, ότι καμία δεν θα υποβαθμιστεί σε τοπική διάλεκτο.
Everyone can decide to choose their personal adoptive language; every country, every town, every municipality, every company, every teaching establishment, can take appropriate initiatives.A school, for instance, could decide to introduce into its syllabus an “unexpected” language, which is distinctive and is not among those usually taught. This could be done as part of an exchange with a school in the country of the language chosen.
Αν μια γλώσσα παραμεληθεί, όσοι την μιλούν κινδυνεύουν να απομακρυνθούν από την ευρωπαϊκή ιδέα.
The classes are twinned and could thus undertake protracted stays, year after year, in the corresponding country, take part in joint activities, build up relationships.
Κανένας δεν μπορεί να προσχωρήσει ολόψυχα στο ευρωπαϊκό σύνολο, αν δεν έχει την αίσθηση ότι η συγκεκριμένη κουλτούρα του, και πρώτα απ' όλα η γλώσσα του, γίνεται πλήρως σεβαστή και ότι η προσχώρηση της
These experiences might involve only a few dozen pupils at a time, but if they were to be more widespread, if there were hundreds and thousands of initiatives of this kind - between countries, regions, towns, districts, institutions, companies, associations, etc. - very considerable momentum would quickly build up.