natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Μετά την άσκηση έφεσης ενώπιον του Supreme μογή της οδηγίας 79/7, θεσπίσθηκε στην Ιρλαν­
It was argued before the Court that the difference in treatment was entirely due to the difference in work ing hours because the German legislation provided compensation only for working hours which were not worked by reason of attending training courses, without making any other distinction.
1 985, ο οποίος όμως ετέθη σε ισχύ σε διάφορες σμού, η οποία κατά το ιρλανδικό δίκαιο αποτελεί ημερομηνίες το 1986.
Therefore, dis crimination could be only regarded as established if activities on staff committees were classified as a parti cular form of work to be done under the contract of employment.
Σκοπός αυτού του εθνικού λόγο για τον περιορισμό ή τη μη καταβολή απο­ εκτελεστικού νόμου ήταν να εξαιρεθούν οι έγγα­ ζημίωσης.
The Court did not accept this argument as an objectively justified factor unrelated to discri mination based on sex, unless the Member State con cerned could show the contrary before the national court.
μες γυναίκες από την κατηγορία των προσώπων που λογίζονται αυτόματα ως συντηρούμενα και να αντιμετωπίζονται πλέον, από άποψη κοινωνικής
It based its reasoning, firstly, on the fact that le gal definitions and classifications in national law could not affect the interpretation or binding force of Community and, consequently, the scope of the principle of equal pay for men and women laid down in Article 119 and Directive 75/117 and developed by its case law.
Με διάταξη της 1 2ης Δεκεμβρίου 1988, το Su­ χορήγησης προσαύξησης του επιδόματος λόγω preme Court της Ιρλανδίας υπέβαλε στο Δικα-
Lastly, in the Court's opinion, a situation of this kind was likely to dissuade the category of parttime workers, of whom the ma jority were undoubtedly women, from accepting the duties of members of a staff committee or acquiring the knowledge necessary for that purpose, thus mak ing it more difficult for that category to be repre sented by qualified staff committee members.
Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων, της 24ης Μαρτίου απαγόρευσης του αδικαιολόγητου πλουτι­
In answer to the question submitted to it, the Court held that:
1987, στην υπόθεση 286/85, Norah McDer­ σμού; mott και Απη Cotter κατά Minister of Social
It is open to a Member State to establish that such legislation is justified by objective factors unconnected with any discr mination based on sex.
High Court, σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 1 77 της οδηγίας εφαρμόζεται ιδίως όσον αφορά «τον
This case contains a good example of indirect discri mination of female parttime workers to which no jus tification could be found.
Συνθήκης ΕΟΚ, όσον αφορά την ερμηνεία υπολογισμό των παροχών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων του άρθρου 4, παράγραφος 1, της οδηγίας του των προσαυξήσεων λόγω συζύγου και προστα­
The German law provided that the activities of the employees relating to their membership of a staff committee should not result in a reduction of salary but they should not receive any extra remuneration for these activities, even if per formed during spare time.
Συμβουλίου 79/7/ΕΟΚ, της 1 9ης Δεκεμβρίου τευομένου προσώπου».
However, the EG found that this could not justify discrimination between parttime and fulltime workers.
άνδρες που τελούν στην ίδια κατάσταση, πρέ­ πει η οδηγία του Συμβουλίου 79/7/ΕΟΚ να
In accordance with Case 170/84 — Bilka, the onus of proof concerning the grounds for objective justification lies on the author of the discriminatory action, i.e., in the pre sent case, the Member State.
1, της οδηγίας του λος δεν μπορεί να διατηρήσει, μετά τις 23 Δεκεμ­
THE QUEEN ν SECRETARY OF STATE FOR SOCIAL SECURITY ex-parte THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES COMMISSION.
79/7/ΕΟΚ, της 19ης
Date of judgment: 7 July 1992.
(βλέπε υπόθεση 80/87, Dik).
Reference: Not yet reported."
ακόμη και αν τούτο αντίκειται στην απαγό­
(a) pursuant to Article 7(1 )(a) of Directive 79/7/EEC a Member State preserves differ­ent pensionable ages for men and women (65 for men, 60 for women) for the purpose of granting oldage and retirement pensions; and
εκπλήξεις. Εντούτοις, το Δικαστήριο ανάπτυξε πε­ ραιτέρω το ζήτημα που είχε τεθεί με την
(i) by requiring men to pay national insur­ance contributions for five years longer than women in order to be entitled to the same basic pension; and
Το Δικαστήριο αποφάνθηκε ότι: υπόθεση 71/85, FNV, κατά την οποία το ΔΕΚ είχε
(ii) by requiring men who continue in gain­ful employment up to the age of 65 to continue to pay national insurance contri­butions up to that age, when women over the age of 60 are not required to pay national insurance contributions whether or not they remain in gainful em­ployment after that age?
Δεκεμβρίου είχαν το δικαίωμα να τυγχάνουν της ευνοϊκότερης
Summary partially based on the English version of this judgment published in (1 992] IRLR 376.
19 78, έχει την έννοια ότι, εφόσον μετά τη μεταχείρισης μέχρι την εξάλειψη του στοιχείου λήξη της προθεσμίας για τη μεταφορά της που δημιουργούσε το καθεστώς διακρίσεων από το οδηγίας αυτής στα εθνικά δίκαια χορηγούνταν σύστημα χορήγησης παροχών.
By its questions the High Court sought to ascertain whether those forms of discrimination described above, which were in principle contrary to Article 4(1 ) of the Directive, were nonetheless temporarily per­missible by virtue of the power conferred upon Member States by Article 7(1 )(a) to derogate from the Directive by fixing different pensionable ages for
Ημερομηνία έκδοσης της απόφασης: δεν έφθαναν ορισμένο ύψος. Δεύτερον, οι δικαι­
Handbook on equal treatment for men and women in the European Community men and women for the purposes of granting oldage and retirement pensions.
Ίση μεταχείριση ανδρών και γυναικών στον ύχους επιδομάτων, αλλά περιοριζόταν στο πρώτο τομέα της κοινωνικής ασφάλισης — Καθορισμός έτος ανεργίας γι' αυτούς που ανήκαν στη δε­ του ποσού των παροχών ανεργίας και των ύτερη και τρίτη ομάδα.
The question, therefore, was whether that power of derogation merely al lowed men and women to be treated unequally with respect to the moment at which they became enti tled to a pension or whether it also covered other le gislative and financial consequences flowing from a different pensionable age, such as the obligation to contribute until reaching that age.
Η βελγική νομοθεσία σχετικά με τα επιδόματα τίθετα, οι γυναίκες αντιπροσώπευαν το 65,2 % ανεργίας (βασιλικό διάταγμα της 8ης Αυγούστου των προσώπων που ανήκαν στην ομάδα 3.
Moreover, the Court considered that the derogation laid down in Article 7(1 )(a) would be rendered nugatory if the Member States concerned would have been obliged, before the expiry of the six-year period laid down by Article 8 for the implementation of the Directive, to undertake a general restructuring of the system of contributions and benefits and to alter substantially a financial equi librium based on an obligation to contribute until pensionable ages that were different for men and wo men.
1 986 και υπουργική απόφαση της 23ης Ιανουα­ ρίου 1 987), ασθενείας και αναπηρίας (βασιλικό διά­
The Court concluded that to exclude from the derogation discrimination concerning contributions periods, determined according to pensionable age would thus be contrary to the very objective of Article 7(1).
1986, οι ομάδες αυτές καλούνταν αντίστοιχα
In answer to the question submitted to it, the Court ruled that:
Στο πλαίσιο του όλα τα αναγκαία μέτρα για την πλήρη και ακριβή συστήματος αυτού, το ύψος των επιδομάτων τόσο εφαρμογή της προαναφερθείσας οδηγίας, πα­ ανεργίας όσο και ασθενείας υπολογιζόταν σε ρέβη τις υποχρεώσεις που υπέχει από τη Συνθήκη συνάρτηση με το τελευταίο εισόδημα και με διαφο­
Article 7(1 )(a) of Council Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security must be inter preted as authorizing the determination of a statutory pensionable age which differs according to sex for the purposes of granting oldage and retirement pen sions and also forms of discrimination such as those described by the national court which are necessarily linked to that difference.
Όσον αφορά το επίδομα ανεργίας, καταρχήν, όλοι
Hence, im plicitly, the EG called upon the Member States to change their system of pensions.
Το Δικαστήριο υπενθύμισε εκ προοιμίου ότι, δήματος.
The text did not, however, refer expressly to discrimination in respect of the extent of the obligation to contri bute for the purposes of the pension or the amount thereof.
Εντούτοις, μετά από 1 8 μήνες ανερ­ κατά πάγια νομολογία, το άρθρο 4, παράγραφος 1,
The progressive nature of the implementa tion was reflected in a number of derogations, includ ing the one provided for by Article 7(1 )(a), and manifested itself by the absence of any precise time li mit for their maintenance.
Επιπλέον, το Δικα­ υπόθεση 33/89, Kowalska).
Joined Cases C-63/91 and C-64/91
Καταρχάς η βελγική κυβέρνηση ισχυρίσθηκε ότι ανάγκες των προσώπων που ζουν μόνα τους.
Moreover, under the regulations implementing the 1986 Act, persons working less than 24 hours a week were not regarded as being in remunerative work and childminding expenses were not deducti­ble from earnings from parttime work.
Κατά το Δικαστήριο όμως οι θε­ συντηρούμενου προσώπου, να περιορίσει την ωρήσεις αυτές δεν θα μπορούσαν να αποτελέσουν αποζημίωση που τους καταβάλλεται.
At the time of the events giving rise to the main proceedings, Ms Jackson, an unmarried mother with a small child, was unemployed and in receipt of sup­plementary allowance. In 1986, she started a voca­tional training course arranged by the Manpower Services Commission, in respect of which she received a weekly allowance.
Το Δικα­ βάση κριτηρίων αντικειμενικών και ξένων προς στήριο απέρριψε την προσφυγή της Επιτροπής κάθε διάκριση λόγω φύλου.
The Adjudication Officer took account of that income and withdrew her entitlement to supplementary allowance while refusing her the right to deduct from her income the childminding expenses which she incurred in respect of her child during her period in training.
λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την οικογενειακή κατά­ σταση του ενδιαφερομένου, ο οποίος μπορεί είτε
At the time of the events giving rise to the main proceedings, Mrs Cresswell, a divorced mother respon­sible for two young children, was unemployed and in receipt of income support.
Για τους λόγους αυτούς, το Δικαστήριο: να αντιμετωπίζει επιπλέον ανάγκες οφειλόμενες σε συντηρούμενα πρόσωπα, είτε αντιθέτως να
The Adjudication Officer, taking account of that income, reduced her income support but refused to deduct from her income the expenses for minding her children.
« 11 Απορρίπτει την προσφυγή της
They initiated proceedings against these decisions of the Chief Adjudication Officer.
επωφελείται του εισοδήματος του/της συζύγου.
By orders dated 21 December 1 990, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales referred three questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the Treaty:
Κρίνοντας το επιχείρημα αυτό, το Δικαστήριο πα­
(1 ) Is supplementary allowance (Case C-63/91 ) or income support (Case C-64/91 ) — which is (or, in the case of supplementary allowance, was) a benefit available in a variety of personal circum-
21 Καταδικάζει την Επιτροπή στα δικαστικά έξο­ ρατήρησε ότι οι αρχές και οι στόχοι αυτοί εγγρά­ δα.»
The Social Security Act 1986, which re­placed the Supplementary Benefits Act 1976 as from April 1988, introduced 'income support', which was granted to anyone aged at least 18 whose income did not exceed a specified amount and who was not en­gaged in remunerative work.
Εγχειρίδιο για την ίση μεταχείριση ανδρών και γυναικών στην Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα
Moreover, in certain situations, in particular those presented here, the national schemes at issue exempt ed claimants from the obligation to be available for work.
Σχόλια
The judgment of the E CJ
Το ΔΕΚ αντιμετώπισε τα ζητήματα που προέ­ κυψαν από αυτή την υπόθεση κατά τον ίδιο τρόπο με την υπόθεση 30/85, Teuling.
In reply to the first two questions, the Court first pointed out that a benefit, if it was to fall within the scope of Directive 79/7, should constitute the whole or part of a statutory scheme providing for protection against one of the specified risks or a form of social assistance having the same objective (Cases 1 50/85 — Drake and C-243/90 — Smithson).
Δέχθηκε ως αν­ τικειμενική αιτιολογία της έμμεσης δυσμενούς μετα­ χείρισης λόγο ο οποίος στηριζόταν στις αρχές και τους σκοπούς που αποτελούσαν μέρος της κοινω­ νικής πολιτικής του Βελγίου.
In the latter case it stated that, although the mode of payment was not decisive as regards the identification of a benefit as one which fell within the scope of the aforesaid Direc tive, nevertheless, in order to fall within the scope of the Directive, the benefit should be directly and effecti vely linked to the protection provided agairst one of the risks specified in Article 3(1).
Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, το Δικαστήριο αναγνώρισε το εύλογο περιθώριο εκτίμησης που διαθέτουν τα κράτη μέλη, κατά το ισχύον κοινοτικό δίκαιο, όσον αφορά τα μέσα κοι­ νωνικής ασφάλισης και τους συγκεκριμένους τρόπους εφαρμογής τους.
However, observed the Court, Article 3(1 ) did not refer to a statutory scheme which, on certain conditions, provided for per sons with means below a legally defined limit with a special benefit designed to enable them to meet their needs.
Η αντιμετώπιση αυτή μπορεί να έχει συνέπειες στην αποτελεσματική εφαρμογή του ελέγχου της αντικειμενικής αιτιολο­ γίας τον οποίο καθιερώνει η υπόθεση 1 70/84,
That finding was not affected by the circum stance that the recipient of the benefit was in fact in one of the situations covered by Article 3(1 ) of the
Εντούτοις, αυτή η νέα άποψη επιβεβαιώθηκε από την υπόθεση C-226/91, Molenbroek.
This exception should, however, be interpreted strictly (Case 152/84 — Marshall).
Συλλογή 1991, μέρος Ι, σ.
Case-law of the European Court of Justice
Αντικείμενο: συνδεομένου προς τη σύμβαση εργασίας της. Η
In reply to the questions submitted to it, the Court ruled that: related to access to employment, training, promo tion or working conditions.
C-89/90) ουδέποτε άσκησαν επαγγελματική δρα­
The EG, subsequently, looked at the legislative intentions (see Case C-243/90 — Smithson).
19ης Δεκεμβρίου 1978) στηριότητα. Το Sociale Verzekeringsbank αρ­ νήθηκε να χορηγήσει στις Verholen και van Wetten­ van Uden, οι οποίες είχαν συμπληρώσει το 65ο έτος της ηλικίας τους, πλήρη σύνταξη, με την αιτιο­
As the single parent benefit aimed, in general, at protection against poverty, it was considered to fall beyond the scope of Directive 76/207.
Κατά το εν λόγω σύστημα, σθεί στην Ομοσπονδιακή Δημοκρατία της Γερμα­ το οποίο εφαρμοζόταν μέχρι την 1 η Απριλίου νίας.
Article 3(1) of Directive 79/7/EEC is to be inter preted as not applying to a benefit, such as sup plementary allowance or income support, which may be granted in a variety of personal situa tions to persons whose means are insufficient to meet their needs as defined by statute; that answer does not depend on whether the claimant is suffering from one of the risks listed in Article 3 of the Directive.
Ερωτήματα που υποβλήθηκαν στο ΔΕΚ μος άνδρας, κάτοικος Κάτω Χωρών, η σύζυγος του οποίου δεν ήταν ασφαλισμένη βάσει του σχετι­
Directive 76/207 is to be interpreted as not ap plying to a social security scheme, such as sup plementary allowance or income support, simply because the conditions of entitlement for re ceipt of the benefits may be such as to affect the ability of a single parent to take up access to vocational training or parttime employment.
1 5ης Φεβρουαρίου 1990, το Raad van Beroep of
As regards the first Directive, the EG's ruling is very similar to that in Case C-243/90 —Smithson.
's-Hertogenbosch υπέβαλε στο Δικαστήριο τα
Mr Molenbroek appealed against the SVB's decision to the Raad van Beroep of Amsterdam.
Στην υπόθεση C-87/90:
Date of judgment: 19 November 1992.
79/7/ΕΟΚ, όταν υφίσταται τις συνέπειες μιας εθνικής διάταξης που εισάγει δυσμενή διάκριση
By an order dated 24 July 1991, the Raad van Ber­oep of Amsterdam, referred the following questions to the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty:
(και/ή το άρθρο 5) της οδηγίας 79/7/ΕΟΚ το γεγο­ κος στην προαναφερθείσα δίκη; νός ότι εθνική διάταξη, αποκλείουσα από την ασφάλιση βάσει του AOW μόνο τις έγγαμες γυναί­ κες, εξακολουθεί να παράγει αποτελέσματα και
Subject-matter: Equality between men and women — Social security — Oldage pension (Article 4 (1) of EEC Council Directive 79/7 of 19 December 1 978).
C-88/90, το Δικαστήριο υπενθύμισε ότι είχε ήδη προϋποθέσεων περί ασφαλίσεως η οποία δεν αναγνωρίσει ότι το άρθρο 1 77 της Συνθήκης ίσχυε για τους άνδρες;
(1) Is Article 4(1) of Council Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 to be interpreted as preclud­ing national legislation on oldage pensions which, regardless of sex, makes the award to a pensioner of a supplementary allowance, and the amount thereof, for a partner not yet 65 depen­dent exclusively on whether the younger partner receives income from or in connection with work, if the consequences of that condition is that more men than woman qualify for the allowance?
ΕΟΚ παρέχει στα εθνικά δικαστήρια τη δυνατό­ τητα, ανάλογα δε με την περίπτωση επιβάλλει σε αυτά την υποχρέωση, να υποβάλλουν προδικαστι­
The Algemene Ouderdomswet ('AOW') (Dutch Gen­eral Old-Age Law) provided that any married man or woman was entitled, on reaching the age of 65, to an oldage pension in the amount of 50% of the net minimum wage. As from 1 April 1988, a married man or woman whose dependent spouse had not yet reached the age of 65 received 70% of the net mini­mum wage.
Στην υπόθεση C-88/90: κό ερώτημα εφόσον διαπιστώνουν, είτε αυτε­ πάγγελτα είτε κατόπιν αίτησης των διαδίκων, ότι η
Moreover, he/she was entitled to a sup­plement of 30% of the net minimum wage, which was reduced in accordance with the spouse's own in­come from or in connection with work.
Το ερώτημα αυτό μπορεί να εθνική νομοθετική ρύθμιση συμβιβάζεται προς αφορά, ειδικότερα, οδηγία που οι εθνικές αρχές οδηγία της ΕΟΚ, της οποίας η προθεσμία με­ δεν μετέφεραν στο εθνικό δίκαιο εντός των τα- ταφοράς στο εσωτερικό δίκαιο έχει λήξει, ο δε χθεισών προθεσμιών και η οποία είναι υποχρε­ διάδικος δεν επικαλείται την οδηγία αυτή ωτική για τα κράτη μέλη, οι ακριβείς και ανεπιφύλα­
(2) (a) Is Article 4(1 ) of Council Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 to be interpreted as precluding application of the legislation de­scribed in question 1, the purpose of which is to guarantee a minimum income for pen­sioners with a younger partner, but which also results in an allowance being granted for the younger partner who has no income from work, or very little, even if in addition to a pension the pensioner receives income of his own from or in connection with work, such as a supplementary occupational pension or investment income, in which case guarantee­ing a minimum income is in principle not relevant?
(π.χ. από άγνοια); κτες διατάξεις της οποίας μπορούν, σύμφωνα με τη νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου, να τύχουν άμεσης
Mr Molenbroek was granted, upon reaching the age of 65, a full married man's pension, i.e., 70% of the net minimum wage.
2) Κωλύεται το εθνικό δικαστήριο από το κοινο­ εφαρμογής εκ μέρους εθνικού δικαστηρίου.
The Sociale Verzekerings­bank ('SVB'), taking account of the fact that Mr Molenbroek's wife, who was younger, continued to receive an incapacity allowance, deducted that income from the maximum supplement to which Mr Molen­broek was entitled.
48/88, 106/88 και 107/88, Achterberg-te Riele, μίσεις που καλύπτει η οδηγία;
(b) Can the application of national legislation such as that described in question 1, the re­sult of which is that more men than women qualify for the allowance payable for the younger partner, be justified under Directive 79/7/EEC by the fact that the AOW is a basic minimum scheme, regardless of the
Νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων σύμφωνα με τις οποίες είχε κρίνει ότι το προ­
Case-law of the European Court of Justice fact that the allowance may also be paid when it is not essential in order to guaran­tee an adequate means of existence for the pensioner and the younger partner?
Απαντώντας στο ερώτημα επί της υπόθεσης σωπικό πεδίο εφαρμογής της οδηγίας καθορίζεται
(3) In a case such as this does incompatibility with Article 4 (1 ) of Directive 79/7/EEC have the re­sult that pensioners with partners under 65 may always, regardless of any income received by the younger partner from or in connection with work, claim the allowance (in full)?
Βάσει των προα­ που εισάγουν δυσμενή διάκριση.
The judgment of the ECJ with a social minimum income regardless of possi­ble additional income.
Εξάλλου, ναφερθέντων, το Δικαστήριο κατέληξε στο συμπέ­ σύμφωνα με την απόφαση επί της υπόθεσης ρασμα ότι το εθνικό δικαστήριο δεν μπορεί να
The Court went on to mention that, according to its ruling in the abovementioned case, the Member States had a reasonable discretion as to the nature and execution of social protective measures.
(άρθρο 3) η οποία αφορά το καθ' ύλην πεδίο εφαρ­ προηγούνται της ημερομηνίας αυτής.
In view of this, the Court concluded that the supplement was necessary to preserve the character of the AOW as a basic social benefit and to guarantee a married couple, in which one spouse had not yet reached pensiona­ble age, a minimum income corresponding to that in­come which they would receive when both were pensioners.
Το Δικαστήριο, κρίνοντας επί των ερωτημάτων
In these circumstances, added the Court, the fact that in some cases a pensioner who re­ceived the supplement had additional income did not remove the necessary character of the means cho­sen.
Όσον αφορά το ερώτημα στην υπόθεση που του είχαν υποβληθεί, αποφάνθηκε ότι:
The national legislation, therefore, corresponded to a legitimate purpose of social policy and the sup­plement provided therein was both necessary and sui­table to reach that aim and justified by factors other than discrimination based on grounds of sex.
C-89/90, το Δικαστήριο διευκρίνισε καταρχάς ότι το δικαίωμα επίκλησης των διατάξεων της οδηγίας
In view of its answer to questions 1 and 2, the Court did not reply to question 3.
« 11 Εθνικό δικαστήριο δεν κωλύεται από το κοι­
The Court answered the questions submitted to it as follows:
σεων. Το Δικαστήριο πρόσθεσε ότι, μολονότι εναπόκειται κατ' αρχήν στο εθνικό δικαστήριο να
In reply to questions 1 and 2, the Court first referred to its ruling in Case 30/85 — Teuling, where it had held that the award of a pension supplement in case of a dependent spouse was forbidden when it was directly or indirectly connected with the sex of the pensioner.
21 Το άρθρο 2 της οδηγίας 79/7/ΕΟΚ του προσδιορίσει τη νομιμοποίηση και το έννομο
In the second place, the Court recalled that in the same case it had declared that a system of benefits providing for a supplement which, alth­ough not directly based on the pensioners' sex, took into account their marital or family status, the result of which was that fewer women than men could ben­efit from the supplement, was contrary to Article 4(1) of Directive 79/7.
Συμβουλίου, της 19ης Δεκεμβρίου
Thirdly, the Court observed that it had not been denied that many more men than women received the supplement.
Ως προς τη συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση, το Δικα­ μογής, όπως ορίζεται στο άρθρο 3 αυτής.
According to the Court, this was caused by the fact that, in married cou­ples, the man is usually the older spouse and, even when he is not, he usually receives a greater income which prevents his wife from being entitled to a pension supplement.
στήριο διευκρίνισε ότι ο διάδικος, ο οποίος υφίστα­ ται τα αποτελέσματα εθνικής διάταξης που εισά­ γει δυσμενή διάκριση, δεν έχει δικαίωμα να επικα­
Under these conditions, said the Court, such legislation amounted, in principle, to in­direct discrimination against female employees, unless it could be justified by objective factors unrelated to any discrimination based on grounds of sex.
Ο διάδικος μπορεί να επικαλείται ενώπιον εθνι­ λεσθεί την οδηγία 79/7 παρά μόνο στην πε­ κού δικαστηρίου τις διατάξεις της οδηγίας ρίπτωση κατά την οποία η σύζυγος του, σε βάρος
This was the case when the chosen means corresponded to a legitimate purpose of the social policy of the Member State involved and were both suitable and necessary to reach that goal (Case C-229/89 — Commission ν Belgium). In this respect, noted the Court, the AOW's aim was to provide the persons concerned