natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Συμβουλίου 75/1 1 7/ΕΟΚ, της 1 Οης Φεβρουα­ αν είχε εισόδημα κατώτερο του ελάχιστου κοινω­ ρίου 1975) νικού μισθού.
Subject-matter: Failure of a State to fulfil its obligations — Equal treatment for men and women (Articles 5 and 6 of EEC Council Directive 76/207 of 9 February 1976).
Σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις του νόμου της 28ης Ιου­ λίου 1 954, τα ίδια επιδόματα αρχηγού οικογέ­
The Commission being of the opinion that Italian Law No 903 transposed the provisions of Articles 5 and 6 of the Directive 76/207 into Italian law to an extent and in a manner not in conformity with the spirit and the letter of the Community instrument, decided to initiate proceedings under Article 169 of the Treaty.
μόρφωσης προς την οικεία οδηγία οφειλόταν, αφενός μεν, στην ανάγκη θέσπισης νομοθετικής
The Italian Republic adopted Law No 903 of 9 December 1977, concerning equal treatment for men and women in relation to employment.
Στο Μεγάλο Δουκάτο του Λουξεμβούργου, το πράξης, αφετέρου δε, στο γεγονός ότι η εφαρμογή επίδομα αρχηγού οικογένειας χορηγούνταν στους
Firstly, the Commission argued that although the Italian Law covered certain working conditions such as remuneration, retirement age and the right to take leave from work in case of adoption, it did not cover all working conditions in spite of the wider nature of the provisions of Article 5 of the Directive.
Το Δικαστήριο έκρινε ότι:
On these grounds, the Court:
Φεβρουαρίου
Dismisses the application;
Λουξεμ­ βούργου στα δικαστικά έξοδα. »
Orders the Commission to pay the costs.
Το ΔΕΚ στήριξε την απόφαση του στο γεγονός ότι η προθεσμία που έτασσε η οδηγία 75/1 1/ΕΟΚ, περί ισότητας των αμοιβών, είχε λήξει στις 1 2
In the second place, in relation to Articles 6 and 7 of the Italian Law, the Commission alleged that the adop­tive father did not have the right given to the adop­tive mother of maternity leave for the first three months following the actual entry of the child into the adoptive family.
Φεβρουαρίου 1976.
The Member States can confine themselves to (adequate) national provisions of a general nature.
Επομένως, δεν συμφώνησε με τις προτάσεις του γενικού εισαγγελέα ο οποίος ορθά είχε επισημάνει ότι από την απόφαση 43/7 5,
There­fore, it seem it would have been more logical to consider adoptive leave to be a 'working condition' in the sense of Article 5 of that Directive (see, also, Case 248/83 — Commission ν Germany).
Defrenne II συναγόταν ότι το άρθρο 1 1 9 όφειλε να έχει εφαρμοσθεί στα κράτη μέλη ήδη από την 1 η
The Commission stated that Article 1 5 of Law No 903 of 1977 restricted the legal remedies it provided for to cases of breach of the provisions of Articles 1 and 5 of that Law, but failed to give a legal remedy to a worker who consid­ered himself adversely affected by failure to comply with the other provisions of the Directive.
Ιανουαρίου 1 962 και ότι η οδηγία δεν επηρέαζε την ημερομηνία αυτή.
As the Commission did not contest the aforementioned explanations, the complaint could not be upheld.
Παραπομπή: ή αν αποδίδεται σ' αυτά ίση αξία, πλην αν η αξιο­
COMMUNITIES ν UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND.
Συλλογή 1982,σ.
Date of judgment: 8 November 1983.
Ισότητα αμοιβών μεταξύ εργαζομένων σίας».
Reference: [1983] ECR 3431.
Equal Pay Act, η θέσπιση ενός τέτοιου συστήμα­ τος είναι η μόνη μέθοδος για την επίτευξη του απο­
Su bject-matter: Failure of a State to fulfil its obligations — Equal treatment for men and women (Articles 2(2), 4(b) and 9(2) of EEC Council Directive 76/207 of 9 February 1976).
Πραγματικά περιστατικά τελέσματος αυτού.
The purpose of Council Directive 76/207 is to put into effect in the Member States the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions.
Συνθήκη και αποφάσισε να προσφύγει στο Δικα­ αμοιβής κάθε διάκρισης βασιζόμενης στο φύλο.
In the United Kingdom this Directive was imple­mented, with regard to Great Britain, by the Sex Discri­mination Act ('the Act') and, with regard to North­ern Ireland, by the Sex Discrimination (Northern Ireland) Order 1976.
στήριο των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων, σύμφωνα
The contents of both legislative measures were identical.
ματικής κατάταξης για τον καθορισμό των αμοιβών, το σύστημα αυτό πρέπει να βασίζεται σε κοινά κριτήρια για τους εργαζόμενους άνδρες και
First of all, the Commission complained that neither the 1975 Act nor any other provision of the legislation in force in the United Kingdom provided that provi­sions contrary to the principle of equal treatment con­tained in collective agreements, rules of undertak­ings and rules governing independent occupations and professions were to be, or could be declared, void or could be amended.
Το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, παραδεχόμενο μεν το γε­ γονός ότι η βρετανική νομοθεσία δεν επέτρεπε την
The Government of the United Kingdom considered that the complaint which con­cerned collective agreements was unfounded, as in fact, collective agreements were not normally legally binding.
Στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, στον Equal Pay Act του εισαγωγή συστήματος επαγγελματικής κατά­
The UK Government added that even if collec­tive agreements containing provisions contrary to the principle of equality of treatment did exist (it was not aware of there being any legally binding collec­tive agreements at that time in force in the UK), those provisions, in so far as they were not capable of amendment under Section 3 of the Equal Pay Act 1970, would be rendered void by Section 77 of the 1975 Act.
1 970, όπως είχε τροποποιηθεί από το Sex Discri­ ταξης χωρίς τη συναίνεση του εργοδότη, παρα­ mination Act του 1 975, γινόταν αναφορά στην τηρώντας δε ότι το άρθρο 1 της οδηγίας δεν πε­
Any provision in the internal rules of an un­dertaking or in the rules governing an independent occupation or profession which was contrary to the prohibition of discrimination would similarly be either rendered void by the same provision or, depend­ing on its contents, be caught by Section 6, 13(1) or 1 5 of the 1975 Act.
«εργασία στην οποία αποδίδεται ίση αξία».
The Court took the view that these arguments were not sufficient to nullify the com­plaints made by the Commission.
Το άρ­ ριείχε καμία ένδειξη ως προς το δικαίωμα του εργα­ θρο 1, παράγραφος 5, του νόμου αυτού όριζε: ζόμενου να αξιώσει τον προσδιορισμό της
After quoting Article 4(b) of the Direc­tive, the Court declared that the Directive thus covered all collective agreements without distinction as to the nature of the legal effects which they did or did not produce. Collective agreements had de facto
«Μια γυναίκα λογίζεται ως απασχολούμενη σε ερ­ αμοιβής του βάσει συστήματος επαγγελματικής κα-
On 3 June 1982, the Commission brought an action be­fore the Court under Article 1 69 of the Treaty for a de­claration that the United Kingdom had failed to ful­fil its obligation under the Treaty.
Εγχειρίδιο για την ίση μεταχείριση ανδρών και γυναικών στην Ευρωπαϊκή Κοινότητα τάταξης, κατέληγε στο συμπέρασμα ότι ο εργα­
Handbook on equal treatment for men and women in the European Community consequences for the employment relationships to which they referred.
Για τους λόγους αυτούς, το Δικαστήριο αποφάν­ ζόμενος δεν μπορούσε να αξιώσει τη συγκριτική θηκε ότι: αξιολόγηση διαφορετικών καθηκόντων μέσω μιας^ιεθόδου επαγγελματικής κατάταξης, η
The need to ensure that the Direc tive was completely effective therefore required that any clauses in such agreements which were incompati ble with the obligations imposed by the Directive upon the Member States could be rendered inopera tive, eliminated or amended by appropriate means.
τάξεων της οδηγίας 75/1 1 7/ΕΟΚ του Συμ­ βουλίου, της 1 Οης Φεβρουαρίου
In a sphere in which re spect for the patient's sensitivities was of particular importance, it considered that at the time that limita tion was in conformity with Article 2(2) of the Direc tive.
1975, τα μέ­ τρα που είναι αναγκαία, ούτως ώστε κάθε εργα­
However, it added that it intended to proceed by stages and keep the position under review, in accor dance with the obligations imposed by Article 9(2) of the Directive.
Συνθήκης.
Consequently, the Com mission's complaint in that regard could not be upheld.
και γυναικών, η οποία διατυπώνεται στο άρθρο
On those grounds, the Court:
2) Καταδικάζει το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο στα δικα­ κατά πρώτο λόγο, να εξασφαλίζουν την εφαρμογή στικά έξοδα. » της αρχής αυτής μέσω των κατάλληλων νομοθε­ τικών, κανονιστικών και διοικητικών διατάξεων, κατά τρόπο ώστε να εξασφαλίζεται η προστασία στον τομέα αυτό όλων των εργαζομένων της Κοι­ νότητας.
Secondly, the Commission argued that contrary to the provisions of the Directive, Section 6(3) of the Act provided that the prohibition of discrimination did not apply to employment in a private household or where the number of persons employed by an em ployer did not exceed five (disregarding persons em ployed in a private household).
Με βάση τα προαναφερθέντα, το Δικα­ στήριο ολοκλήρωσε το σκεπτικό του επισημαίνον­ τας ότι σε περίπτωση αμφισβήτησης ως προς την εφαρμογή της έννοιας της «εργασίας στην οποία αποδίδεται ίση αξία», ο εργαζόμενος πρέπει να έχει το δικαίωμα να υποστηρίξει ενώπιον της αρμό­ διας αρχής ότι η εργασία του έχει την ίδια αξία με μια άλλη και, αν πράγματι αυτό γίνει δεκτό, να αξι­ ώσει την αναγνώριση των δικαιωμάτων του, που απορρέουν από τη Συνθήκη και την οδηγία, με δε­ σμευτική απόφαση.
According to the UK, the exclusions from the prohibition of discrimination providedfor in the abovementioned section were justified by the exception provided for in Article 2(2) of the Directive itself, i.e., that Member States had the right to exclude from the Directive's field of application those occupational activities in which the sex of the worker constituted a determining factor. Although it was recognized that the provision in question was intended, in so far as it referred to em ployment in a private household, to reconcile the principle of equality of treatment with the principle of respect for private life, which is also fundamental, the Court indicated that this was not the case for all . the kinds of employment in question.
Κατά συνέπεια, κάθε μέθοδος που αποκλείει τη δυνατότητα αυτή παρακωλύει την επίτευξη των στόχων της οδηγίας.
As regards small undertakings, the UK did not put forward any argument to show that in any undertaking of that size the sex of the worker would be a determining fac tor by reason of the nature of his activities or the context in which they were carried out.
Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου σύμφωνα με την οποία το κριτήριο της εργασίας ίσης αξίας είναι υπερβολικά αφηρημένο για να μπορούν να το εφαρμόζουν τα δικαστήρια.
The Commission's third complaint related to the fact that by virtue of Section 20 of the 1975 Act the prohibition of discrimination based on sex did not apply to the employment, promotion and training
Αντικείμενο: διών.
Case-law of the European Court of Justice
( Άρθρα 5 και 6 της οδηγίας του Συμβουλίου παραπάνω νόμου. Εξάλλου, το άρθρο 1 3 του νό­
The ECJ accepted the arguments put forward by the UK Government that at that time the inequality of treatment as regards the employment, promotion and training of midwives was not discriminatory as the patient's sensitivity was of particular importance.
76/207/ΕΟΚ, της 9ης Φεβρουαρίου 1 976) μου αυτού τροποποιούσε το άρθρο 1 5 του νό­ μου 300, της 20ής Μαΐου 1 970, ορίζοντας ότι εί­ ναι άκυρη κάθε συμφωνία ή μέτρο που λάμβανε υπόψη το φύλο και είχε σκοπό την απόλυση του ερ­
In doing so, the ECJ interpreted Article 2(2) of Directive 76/207 broadly, giving no consideration to the opinion of Advocate General Rozes who had argued that such exclusion of men from the occupation of midwife was contrary to this Directive as women would still remain free to choose a midwife they preferred, in the event that access to this occupation would be given to men.
Η Επιτροπή, θεωρώντας ότι ο ιταλικός νόμος στην εφαρμογή, εντός των κρατών μελών, της
Although Section 20 of the 1975 Act was amended, even before the ECl's final decision, in order to allow male access to the occupation in ques­tion, this decision remains important in that it con­cerns the interpretation of Articles 2(2) and 9(2) of Dir­ective 76/207 (see, also.
(άρθρο 1, παράγραφος 1 ).
Case 248/83 — Commission ν Germany).
Η Επιτροπή, όμως, δεν απέδειξε ότι ο για κάθε περίπτωση διάκρισης.
Handbook on equal treatment for men and women in the European Community of the alternative claim submitted by the plaintiff von Colson for her travelling expenses (DM 7,20).
Η Επιτροπή υποστήριζε ότι η ρούσε να γίνει δεκτός.
Date of judgment: 10 April 1984.
διαφορετική αυτή μεταχείριση συνιστούσε διάκριση όσον αφορά τους όρους εργασίας κατά την έν­
By order of 6 December 1982, the Arbeitsgericht (Labour Court) Hamm referred the following questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling pursuant to Article 177 of the EEC Treaty:
Για τους λόγους αυτούς, το Δικαστήριο: νοια της οδηγίας.
Reference: [1984] ECR 1891.
Το Δικαστήριο συμφώνησε με την άποψη της ιταλικής κυβέρνησης ότι η διά­
Subject-matter: Equal treatment for men and women — Access to employment (EEC Council Directive 76/297 of 9 February 1976).
21 Καταδικάζει την Επιτροπή erra δικαστικά έξο­ των συνθηκών εισόδου του παιδιού στη θετή οικο­ δα.» γένεια με τις συνθήκες που επικρατούν κατά τη γέννηση παιδιού σε οικογένεια, κατά τη διάρκεια
(1 ) Does Council Directive No 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976, on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions imply that dis­crimination on grounds of sex in relation to ac­cess to employment (failure to conclude a contract of employment on account of the candidate's sex; preference given to another candidate on ac­count of his sex) must be sanctioned by requir­ing the employer in question to conclude a con­tract of employment with the candidate who was discriminated against?
Σχόλια της κρίσιμης αυτής αρχικής περιόδου.
In 1982, two vacancies for social workers arose at Werl prison.
Το ΔΕΚ έκρινε,
(2) If question 1 is answered in the affirmative, in principle:
Επιτροπή δεν μπορούσε να θεωρηθεί ως διά­ εξάλλου, ότι το ζήτημα της άδειας για απουσία από κριση κατά την έννοια της οδηγίας.
(a) Is the employer required to conclude a con­tract of employment only if, in addition to the finding that he made a subjective decision on the basis of criteria relating to sex, it can be established that the candidate discriminat­ed against is objectively — according to acceptable selection criteria — better quali­fied for the post than the candidate with whom a contract of employment was con­cluded?
την εργασία των θετών γονέων θα πρέπει να αντι­
Ms von Colson and Ms Kamann brought an action before the Arbeitsgericht Hamm against the Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, which administered Werl pri­son.
Η τελευταία αιτίαση της Επιτροπής αφορούσε τη μετωπίζεται όπως η άδεια μητρότητας.
The action sought a declaration that it was solely because of their sex that the plaintiffs had not been appointed.
Κατά φερόμενη παράλειψη της Ιταλικής Δημοκρατίας να συνέπεια, και τα δύο ζητήματα κρίθηκαν ότι- συμμορφωθεί προς το άρθρο 6 της οδηγίας.
Consequently, they claimed that the defen­dant should be ordered to offer them a contract of employment in the abovementioned prison or, in the alternative, to pay them damages amounting to six months' salary.
Η ανήκουν στην εξαίρεση την οποία προβλέπει το άρ­
In a second claim, in the alternative, Ms von Colson claimed the reimbursement of travelling expenses amounting to DM 7,20 incurred by her in pursuing her application for the post.
Επιτροπή υποστήριζε ότι το άρθρο 1 5 του νόμου θρο 2, παράγραφος 3, της παραπάνω οδηγίας. Η
(b) Or, is the employer also required to engage the candidate discriminated against if, alth­ough it can be established that the employer made a subjective decision on the basis of criteria relating to sex, the candidate discrimin­ated against and the successful candidate are objectively equally well qualified?
Νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων
Is the court in such a case obliged to make its own choice between the candidates discriminated against?
1 84/83, Hofmann), ενώ παρόμοια μέριμνα δεν είχε καμία σημασία στην περίπτωση των θετών μητέρων.
In reply to question 1, after mentioning Article 189 of the Treaty, the Court said that it was necessary to examine Directive 76/207 in order to determine whether it required Member States to provide for spe cific legal consequences or sanctions in respect of a breach of the principle of equal treatment regarding access to employment.
Επομένως, θα ήταν λογικότερο η άδεια στην περίπτωση υιοθεσίας να θεωρείται ως «όρος εργασίας» κατά την έννοια του άρθρου 5 της οδηγίας αυτής (βλέπε επίσης υπόθεση 248/83,
(5) If question 1 is answered in the negative, in principle: Under the provisions of Directive No 76/297/EEC what sanction applies where there is an established case of discrimination in relation to access to employment?
Επιτροπή κατά Γερμανίας).
(6) Does Directive No 76/207/EEC as interpreted by the Court of Justice in its answers to the ques
ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ κατά ΗΝΩΜΕΝΟΥ
Handbook on equal treatment for men and women in the European Community
Καταρχάς, η Επιτροπή προσήψε στο Ηνωμένο
It is for the national court to interpret and apply the legislation adopted for the implementa tion of the Directive in conformity with the re quirements of Community law, in so far as it is gi ven discretion to do so under national law.
Ημερομηνία έκδοσης της απόφασης: άλλη διάταξη της ισχύουσας νομοθεσίας όριζε
Comments tablish real equality of opportunity without an ap propriate system of sanctions.
Παραπομπή: γικές συμβάσεις, εσωτερικούς κανονισμούς επιχει­
Although full imple mentation of the Directive did not require any speci fic form of sanction for unlawful discrimination (reply to question 1 ), it did entail that that sanction be such as to guarantee real and effective judicial protec tion.
Συλλογή 1983, σ.
Moreover, it must also have a real deterrent ef fect on the employer.
3431 ρήσεων και τα καταστατικά των ελευθέρων επαγ­ γελμάτων ήταν άκυρες, μπορούσαν να κηρυχθούν
It followed that, where a Member State chose to penalize the breach of the prohibition of discrimination by the award of compen sation, that compensation should in any event be adequate in relation to the damage sustained.
[Άρθρα 2, παράγραφος 2, 4, στοιχείο β), και συμφωνίες ήταν αβάσιμη, δεδομένου ότι στην πραγ­
National provisions limiting the right to compensa tion to a purely nominal amount (for instance, reim bursement of travel expenses) did not satisfy the re quirements of an effective transposition of the Directive.
9, παράγραφος 2, της οδηγίας του Συμβουλίου ματικότητα οι συλλογικές συμβάσεις, κατά κα­
The Court went on to add that, in apply ing the national law and in particular the provisions of a national law specifically introduced in order to im plement Directive 76/207, national courts were re quired to interpret their national law in the light of the wording and the purpose of the Directive in order to achieve the result referred to in the third para graph of Article 189.
76/207/ΕΟΚ, της 9ης Φεβρουαρίου 1 976] νόνα, δεν είναι νομικώς δεσμευτικές.
In answer to the questions referred to it, the Court held that:
Πραγματικά περιστατικά δεν γνώριζε καμία συλλογική σύμβαση που να ίσχυε τότε στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο και να ήταν
Directive No 76/207/EEC does not require discri mination on grounds of sex regarding access to employment to be made the subject of a sanction by way of an obligation imposed on the em ployer who is the author of the discrimination to conclude a contract of employment with the candidate discriminated against.
77 του νόμου του 1 975. Κατά τον ίδιο τρόπο, τις συνθήκες εργασίας.
This case concerns the implementation of Directive 76/207 on Equal Treatment with respect to sanctions on violation of the articles thereof.
Το Δικαστήριο έκρινε land) Order του 1976.
The German legislator had implemented the Directive by means of Articles 611a of the German Civil Code (BGB).
To περιεχόμενο των δύο ότι τα επιχειρήματα αυτά δεν ήταν αρκετά για την αυτών νομοθετικών πράξεων ήταν το ίδιο.
Con sequently, those who suffered from inequality in treatment were merely entitled to a reimbursement of the expenses incurred in submitting their job appli cation (e.g. stamps).
Ο νό­ αντίκρουση των αιτιάσεων της Επιτροπής.
Clearly, this was far from real and effective protection with a deterrent effect as re quired by Articles 5 and 189(3) EEC (see Case C-1 77/88 — Dekker).
Και μος άρχισε να ισχύει στις 1 2 Νοεμβρίου 1 975.
However, the ECJ did not explicitly hold that the Directive was (in this case: vertically) directly effective and chose another solution.
Η Επιτροπή θεώρησε ότι ο νόμος ήταν αντίθετος υποχρεώσεις που επέβαλλε η οδηγία, όσον αφορά προς τις διατάξεις της οδηγίας.
Important in this respect seems to have been that, according to the German Government in the oral procedure, Article 611a BGB did not limit the right of compensation, but merely provided a specific legal basis for such com pensation.
Στις 3 Ιουνίου τις ενδεχόμενες συλλογικές συμβάσεις οι οποίες
The general provisions governing compen sations were available to those suffering from a vio-
Νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων
Case-law of the European Court of Justice lation of Directive 76/207 as well.
Το Δικαστήριο των έννομων αποτελεσμάτων που παράγουν ή αποφάνθηκε ότι, λόγω της γενικότητας της, η δεν παράγουν.
Hence, the ECJ held that national courts were under a duty to inter pret and apply the Directive's implementing legisla tion in conformity with the requirements of Commun ity law, in so far as they were given discretion to do so under national law.
απασχόληση, επαγγελματική προώθηση και εκπαίδευση των μαιών.
The ECJ thus circumvented the issue of the direct effect of the Directive, the indirect effect, however, being the same.
Σύμφωνα με τους ισχυρι­ φος 2, της οδηγίας.
This concept of 'indirect effect' has proven to be especially important in light of Case 1 52/84 — Marshall.
9, παράγραφος 2, της οδηγίας.
See also the comments on Case 79/83 — Harz.
Συνεπώς, δεν μπορούσε την απασχόληση σε ιδιωτικό νοικοκυριό, απο­ να γίνει δεκτή η σχετική αιτίαση της Επιτροπής.
The ECJ further de veloped the concept of indirect effect in Case C-322/88 — Grimaldi and Case C-106/89 — Marleasing.
Φεβρουαρίου
Reference: [1984] ECR 1921.
248/83, Επιτροπή κατά Γερμανίας).
As far as compensation was concerned the facts of this case are very similar to those of the preceding case (Case 14/83 — von Colson).
Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας υπόθεσης θα σχολιά­ σουμε μόνο την τρίτη αιτίαση της Επιτροπής. Το
On 24 January 1981, Deutsche Tradax GmbH ('Tra­dax') placed an advertisement in the newspaper Die Welt for a vacant post in which it offered economics graduates willing to work hard 'a spring-board for a career in management'.
Κατ' αυτό τον τρόπο το ΔΕΚ ερμήνευσε ευρέως το άρθρο 2, παράγραφος 2, της οδηγίας
It appeared from Tradax's letter that Ms Harz's qualifications, which were gener­ally good, were not in doubt.
76/207, χωρίς να λάβει υπόψη τις προτάσεις της γενικής εισαγγελέα Rozès, η οποία υποστήριξε ότι παρόμοιος αποκλεισμός των ανδρών αντέβαινε στην οδηγία, δεδομένου ότι, στην περίπτωση που θα επιτρεπόταν στους άνδρες η πρόσβαση στο επάγγελμα αυτό, οι γυναίκες θα εξακολουθού-
(1) In an established case of discrimination, does the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment con­tained in Articles 1 (2), 2(1 ) and 2(3) of Council Directive No 76/207/EEC of 9 February 1976 on the implementation of the principle of equal treat­ment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions confer on a female ap­plicant a right to a contract of employment against an employer who has refused to engage her on account of sex?
Το Arbeltsgericht δέχθηκε ότι οι ενάγουσες δεν
Case-law of the European Court of Justice
LAND NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN τους, εκτός από το επικουρικό αίτημα της von
(4) If question 3 is answered in the affirmative, does that answer apply only
Colson για την απόδοση των εξόδων μετακίνησης της (7,20 γερμανικά μάρκα).
In Case 14/83 — von Colson, the ECJ could have answered the questions put forward to it by simply holding Directive 76/207 to be vertically directly effective.