natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ¸ óïäá êáé äáðÜíåò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1990 Óýíïëï ôñå ÷ üíôùí åóüäùí Öüñïé ÅéóöïñÝò êïéíùíéêÞò áóöÜëéóçò ¢ ëëá ôñÝ ÷ ïíôá Ýóïäá Óýíïëï äáðáíþí ÔñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò ÊáôáâëçèÝíôåò ôüêïé Äçìüóéá êáôáíÜëùóç ÊáèáñÝò êåöáëáéáêÝò äáðÜíåò Ðëåüíáóìá (+) Þ Ýëëåéììá (-) ÐñùôïãåíÝò áðïôÝëåóìá Ðëåüíáóìá (+) Þ Ýëëåéììá (-) , ÷ ùñßò ôéò äáðÜíåò äçìüóéùí åðåíäýóåùí ( á ) .
United Kingdom : General government budgetary position ( as a percentage of GDP ) Total current receipts Taxes Social security contributions Other current receipts Total expenditure Current transfers Actual interest payments Public consumption Net capital expenditure Surplus (+) or deficit (-) Primary balance Surplus (+) or deficit (-) , net of public investment expenditure ( a )
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Äåßêôçò åîÜñôçóçò çëéêéùìÝíùí : ðñïâëÝøåéò 1990 Äåßêôçò åîÜñôçóçò çëéêéùìÝíùí ( ðëçèõóìüò 65 åôþí êáé Üíù åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôïõ ðëçèõóìïý çëéêßáò 15-64 åôþí ) 24,0 24,4 25,8 31,2 38,7 2000 2010 2020 2030
United Kingdom : Projections of elderly dependency ratio 1990 Elderly dependency ratio ( population aged 65 and over as a proportion of the population aged 15-64 ) 24.0 2000 24.4 2010 25.8 2020 31.2 2030 38.7
( á ) ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Óôáèåñüôçôá óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ( 1 Ìáñôßïõ 1996 - 27 Öåâñïõáñßïõ 1998 ) Óõììåôï ÷ Þ óôï Ìç ÷ áíéóìü Óõíáëëáãìáôéêþí Éóïôéìéþí ( ÌÓÉ ) Óõììåôï ÷ Þ áðü Õðïôßìçóç äéìåñïýò êåíôñéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ìå ðñùôïâïõëßá ôçò ÷ þñáò ÌÝãéóôåò ðñïò ôá Üíù (+) êáé ðñïò ôá êÜôù (-) áðïêëßóåéò áðü ôéò ìÝóåò äéìåñåßò éóïôéìßåò (%) Ìáñôßïõ 1996 Ýíáíôé ( á ) Íïìßóìáôá ÌÓÉ ÖñÜãêïõ Âåëãßïõ Êïñþíáò Äáíßáò ÌÜñêïõ Ãåñìáíßáò ÐåóÝôáò Éóðáíßáò ÖñÜãêïõ Ãáëëßáò Ëßñáò Éñëáíäßáò Ëßñáò Éôáëßáò Öéïñéíßïõ Ïëëáíäßáò Óåëéíßïõ Áõóôñßáò Åóêïýäïõ Ðïñôïãáëßáò ÌÜñêïõ Öéëáíäßáò Íïìßóìáôá åêôüò ÌÓÉ Äñá ÷ ìÞò ÅëëÜäïò Êïñþíáò Óïõçäßáò ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ êáé õðïëïãéóìïß ÅÍÉ .
( a ) United Kingdom : Exchange rate stability ( 1 March 1996 - 27 February 1998 ) Membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM ) Membership since Devaluation of bilateral central rate on country 's own initiative Maximum upward (+) and downward (-) deviations from March 1996 average bilateral rates (%) against ( a ) ERM currencies : Belgian franc Danish krone Deutsche Mark Spanish peseta French franc Irish pound Italian lira Dutch guilder Austrian schilling Portuguese escudo Finnish markka Non-ERM currencies : Greek drachma Swedish krona Source : European Commission and EMI calculations .
( â ) Âáóéêïß äåßêôåò ðéÝóåùí óôç ëßñá Áããëßáò ÌÝóïò üñïò 3 ìçíþí Ýùò : Ìåôáâëçôüôçôá óõíáëëáã / êÞò éóïôéìßáò ( á ) ÄéáöïñÝò âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí ( â ) ÌÜé .
( b ) Key indicators of exchange rate pressure for the pound sterling Average of 3 months ending : Exchange rate volatility ( a ) Short-term interest rate differentials ( b ) May 96 Aug 96 Nov 96 Feb 97 May 97 Aug 97 Nov 97 Feb 98 4.2 2.5 5.7 2.3 6.5 2.7 10.1 3.1 9.8 3.1 10.6 3.6 10.5 3.8 7.6 3.9
98 4,2 2,5 5,7 2,3 6,5 2,7 10,1 3,1 9,8 3,1 10,6 3,6 10,5 3,8 7,6 3,9 ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ , åèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá êáé õðïëïãéóìïß ÅÍÉ .
Source : European Commission , national data and EMI calculations .
ÄéÜãñáììá 5
Pound sterling : Bilateral exchange rates ( daily data ;
Ëßñá Áããëßáò : Äéìåñåßò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò ( çìåñÞóéá óôïé ÷ åßá , ìÝóïò üñïò Ìáñôßïõ 1996 = 100 , 1.3.96 - 27.2.98 ) GBP / BEF GBP / DKK GBP / DEM GBP / GRD GBP / ESP GBP / FRF GBP / IEP
average of March 1996 = 100 ; 1 March 1996 to 27 February 1998 ) GBP / BEF 140 130 120 110 100 90 Q2 1996 GBP / IEP 140 130 120 110 100 90 Q2 1996 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 1997 Q3 Q4 Q1 GBP / ITL GBP / NLG GBP / ATS Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 1997 GBP / PTE GBP / FIM GBP / SEK Q3 Q4 Q1 GBP / DKK GBP / DEM GBP / GRD GBP / ESP GBP / FRF
GBP / SEK ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ .
Source : European Commission .
Ëßñá Áããëßáò : Äåßêôåò ðñáãìáôéêÞò óôáèìéóìÝíçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Ýíáíôé ôùí Êñáôþí-Ìåëþí ôçò ÅÅ ÌÝóïò üñïò ÐñáãìáôéêÝò óôáèìéóìÝíåò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò : ÂÜóåé ôïõ ÄÔÊ ÂÜóåé ôïõ Äåßêôç Ôéìþí Ðáñáãùãïý /× ïíäñéêÞò Õðüìíçóç : ÏíïìáóôéêÞ óôáèìéóìÝíç óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞ éóïôéìßá 1,3 12,4 18,3 27,7 17,7 21,7 ÌÝóïò üñïò
Pound sterling : Measures of the real effective exchange rate vis - - vis EU Member States ( monthly data ; percentage deviations ;
( ìçíéáßá óôïé ÷ åßá , åêáôïóôéáßåò áðïêëßóåéò , ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1998 óå óýãêñéóç ìå äéáöïñåôéêÝò ðåñéüäïõò âÜóçò ) ÌÝóïò üñïò 1987 24,4 29,9 8,8
February 1998 compared with different benchmark periods )
298 Ðßíáêáò 10
Average Jan 87-Feb 98 17.7 21.7 12.4
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÅîùôåñéêÝò åîåëßîåéò ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1990 Éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí óõí êßíçóç êåöáëáßùí ( â ) ÊáèáñÞ èåôéêÞ (+) Þ áñíçôéêÞ (-) åîùô . èÝóç ÅîáãùãÝò ( áãáèÜ êáé õðçñåóßåò )( ä ) ÅéóáãùãÝò ( áãáèÜ êáé õðçñåóßåò )( å ) ( ã )
United Kingdom : External developments ( as a percentage of GDP ) Current account plus new capital account Net foreign assets (+) or liabilities (-) ( c ) Exports ( goods and services ) ( d ) Imports ( goods and services ) ( e )
1996 1997 ( á ) - 0,3 3,2 30,2 31,0 0,4 1,5 31,5 32,6 - 3,4 1,3 24,4 27,1
1995 - 0.5 3.7 28.9 29.2 1996 1997 ( a ) - 0.3 0.4 3.2 1.5 30.2 31.5 31.0 32.6
( ä ) ÅíäïêïéíïôéêÝò åîáãùãÝò åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí åèíéêþí åîáãùãþí áãáèþí , 1996 : 52,7% , Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 1997 , ÄÍÔ .
( d ) In 1996 the share of intra-EU exports of goods in total national exports of goods was 52.7% ; Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 1997 , IMF .
( å ) ÅíäïêïéíïôéêÝò åéóáãùãÝò åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí åèíéêþí åéóáãùãþí áãáèþí , 1996 : 49,7% .
( e ) In 1996 the share of intra-EU imports of goods in total national imports of goods was 49.7% ;
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ( åðß ôïéò åêáôü ) 1996 Ìáêñïðñüèåóìï åðéôüêéï ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ .
United Kingdom : Long-term interest rates ( percentages ) 1996 Long-term interest rate Reference value Source : European Commission .
ÍïÝ . 97 6,7 -
Nov 97 6.7 -
Äåê . 97 6,4 -
Dec 97 6.4 -
Éáí . 98 6,2 -
Jan 98 Feb 97 - Jan 98 6.2 7.0 7.8
ÄéÜãñáììá 6 ( á ) ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ( ìçíéáßïé ìÝóïé üñïé , ðïóïóôÜ åðß ôïéò åêáôü )
( a ) United Kingdom : Long-term interest rate ( monthly averages ; in percentages ) 14 12 10 8 6 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
ÐáñÜñôçìá 1
Annex I
Åîåëßîåéò óôéò áãïñÝò ôïõ éäéùôéêïý ECU
Developments in the private ECU markets
Åîåëßîåéò óôéò áãïñÝò ôïõ éäéùôéêïý ECU Ç óõíïëéêÞ ÷ ñçìáôïðéóôùôéêÞ áãïñÜ ôïõ ECU óçìåßùóå ðåñáéôÝñù óõññßêíùóç ôï 1997 êáé äéáìïñöþèçêå óå 146,4 äéóåê . ECU ôï ôÝëïò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1997 , Ýíáíôé 154,0 äéóåê .
Developments in the private ECU markets The overall size of the ECU financial markets declined further in 1997 , standing at ECU 146.4 billion at end-September 1997 , compared with ECU 154.0 billion at endSeptember 1996 ( see Table ) .
Ôï óõíïëéêü ðïóü ôùí åêöñáóìÝíùí óå ECU óôïé ÷ åßùí ôïõ åíåñãçôéêïý êáé ðáèçôéêïý ôùí ôñáðåæþí äéåèíþò ìåéþèçêå êáôÜ 17 % êáé 13 % áíôßóôïé ÷ á , ìåôáîý ôÝëïõò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1996 êáé ôÝëïõò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1997 .
Total outstanding amounts of ECU-denominated international bank assets and liabilities fell by 17 % and 13 % respectively between end-September 1996 and end-September 1997 .
Ï åêôéìþìåíïò ôñáðåæéêüò äáíåéóìüò õðï ÷ þñçóå êáôÜ 8 % óôçí ßäéá ðåñßïäï .
Estimated ECU bank lending decreased by 8 % during the same period .
ÐáñÜëëçëá , ôï óýíïëï ôùí êõêëïöïñïýíôùí äéåèíþí ïìïëüãùí , åõñùðáúêþí åìðïñéêþí ÷ ñåïãñÜöùí ( Åuro-CP ) êáé åõñùãñáììáôßùí ( Åuronotes ) óôï ôÝëïò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1997 áíÞëèå óå 58,0 äéóåê . ECU , Ýíáíôé 60,7 äéóåê .
Meanwhile , the outstanding total of international bonds , Euro-CP and Euronotes at end-September 1997 amounted to ECU 58.0 billion , compared with ECU 60.7 billion at end-September 1996 , which represented a decrease of 4.4% .
Ôï ìåñßäéï ðïõ êáôÝ ÷ åé ôï ECU óôéò äéåèíåßò áãïñÝò ïìïëüãùí åîáêïëïýèçóå íá ìåéþíåôáé áðü 2,8% óôï ôÝëïò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1996 óå 1,9% óôï ôÝëïò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1997 .
The market share of the ECU in international bond markets continued to decline from 2.8% at end-September 1996 to 1.9% at endSeptember 1997 .
Ôá êõêëïöïñïýíôá åã ÷ þñéá ïìüëïãá óå ECU ðáñÝìåéíáí áìåôÜâëçôá óå åðßðåäï 57,8 äéóåê . ECU .
Domestic ECU bonds outstanding were flat at ECU 57.8 billion .
Óôéò íÝåò åêäüóåéò ÷ ñåïãñÜöùí ÅCU åîáêïëïýèçóáí íá äåóðüæïõí ïé êñáôéêïß öïñåßò ôùí ÷ ùñþí ôçò ÅÅ , ìå ìåñßäéï 50 % êáé ðëÝïí åðß ôùí óõíïëéêþí åêäüóåùí ðïõ áíáêïéíþèçêáí ôï 1997 .
EU sovereign issuers continued to figure prominently in ECU issuing activity , accounting for over 50 % of total announced issues in 1997 .
Ç ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìéêñÞ áãïñÜ ôùí åõñùðáúêþí åìðïñéêþí ãñáììáôßùí êáé âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìùí åõñùãñáììáôßùí óå ECU ðáñÝìåéíå óå ãåíéêÝò ãñáììÝò áìåôÜâëçôç êáé äéáìïñöþèçêå óå 2,4 äéóåê . ECU óôï ôÝëïò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1997 , Ýíáíôé 2,1 äéóåê .
The relatively small market for ECU-denominated Euro-CP and shortterm Euro-notes remained broadly unchanged , standing at ECU 2.4 billion at end-September 1997 , compared with ECU 2.1 billion at end-September 1996 .
ECU óôï ôÝëïò Óåðôåìâñßïõ 1996 . Óôéò 17 Éïõíßïõ 1997 ôï Óõìâïýëéï Õðïõñãþí ôçò ÅõñùðáúêÞò ¸ íùóçò åíÝêñéíå ôïí Êáíïíéóìü ôïõ Óõìâïõëßïõ ( ÅÊ ) 1103/97  ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ïñéóìÝíåò äéáôÜîåéò ðïõ áöïñïýí ôçí åéóáãùãÞ ôïõ åõñþ .
On 17 June 1997 the Council of Ministers of the European Union approved the Council Regulation ( EC ) No. 1103/97 on certain provisions relating to the introduction of the euro .
Ôï åí ëüãù íïìïèÝôçìá ïñßæåé üôé 302 üóåò óõìâÜóåéò ðáñáðÝìðïõí óôïí êïéíïôéêü ïñéóìü ôïõ ECU ( äçë . ôï ECUêáëÜèé Þ äÝóìç íïìéóìÜôùí ) èá ìåôáôñáðïýí óå åõñþ ìå áíáëïãßá 1:1 êáé êáèéåñþíåé ôåêìÞñéï üôé ôï ßäéï èá éó ÷ ýåé êáé óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ôùí óõìâÜóåùí ðïõ äåí ðáñáðÝìðïõí óôïí ðáñáðÜíù ïñéóìü ôïõ ECU .
This legislation states that contracts making reference to the Community definition of the ECU ( i.e. basket ECU ) will be converted into euro at the 1:1 rate and establishes a presumption that the same will happen in the case of contracts without such a definition of the ECU , although this presumption will be rebuttable taking into account the intention of the parties , thereby preserving the principle of contractual freedom .
Ç äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý ôçò áãïñáßáò êáé ôçò èåùñçôéêÞò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ôïõ ECU , ç ïðïßá ðåñéïñéæüôáí âáèìéáßá áðü ôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôïõ 1996 áöïý ðñþôá Ýöèáóå Ýùò êáé 3,3 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò , ðåñéïñßóôçêå ðåñáéôÝñù ìåôáîý ôÝëïõò Äåêåìâñßïõ 1996 êáé ôÝëïõò Äåêåìâñßïõ 1997 êáé áðü ðåñßðïõ 0,9 ôçò åêáôïóôéáßáò ìïíÜäáò ìçäåíßóôçêå , åíþ ôï áãïñáßï ECU õðåñôåñïýóå ãéá Ýíá ìéêñü äéÜóôçìá ðñïò ôï ôÝëïò ôïõ Ýôïõò ( âë . ÄéÜãñáììá ) .
The spread between market and basket ECU exchange rates , which had been gradually narrowing since early 1996 from a peak of 330 basis points , narrowed further between end-December 1996 and end-December 1997 from around 90 basis points to par , and the market ECU was even at a premium for a short period towards the end of the year ( see Chart ) .
Ïé äéáöïñÝò åðéôïêßùí , êõñßùò ôùí âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìùí , ìåôáîý ôïõ áãïñáßïõ ECU êáé ôïõ ECU-êáëáèéïý ðáñÝìåéíáí ìéêñÝò óôï ìåãáëýôåñï äéÜóôçìá ôïõ 1997 .
The spreads between market and basket ECU interest rates , particularly short-term rates , remained within a narrow range during most of 1997 .
óõíáëëÜãìáôïò óå ECU Ý ÷ åé ðåñéïñéóôåß , ëüãù ôïõ ìéêñüôåñïõ áñéèìïý ôùí öïñÝùí ôçò áãïñÜò , Ýôóé þóôå ïé ðñïóùñéíÝò äéáêõìÜíóåéò ôçò äéáöïñÜò ôùí äýï éóïôéìéþí ôïõ ECU åíäÝ ÷ åôáé íá Ýãéíáí åíôïíüôåñåò åîáéôßáò ìåãÜëùí åìðïñéêþí êáé ÷ ñçìáôïðéóôùôéêþí ðáñáããåëéþí .
Liquidity in the ECU foreign exchange market has diminished , reflecting the reduced number of market-makers , so that large commercial and financial orders may have accentuated temporary fluctuations of the spread .
Ðßíáêáò ÐáñáñôÞìáôïò 1
Table for Annex 1
( áðïèÝìáôá óôï ôÝëïò ôçò ðåñéüäïõ , óå äéóåê . ECU )
ECU financial markets ( outstanding stocks at end-period : in billions of ECUs )
Ïìüëïãá åê ôùí ïðïßùí : - äéåèíÞ ( á ) - åã ÷ þñéá ( ÅèíéêÜ ) Ýíôïêá ãñáììÜôéá ôïõ Äçìïóßïõ Euro-CP êáé Euro-notes ( á ) Åêôéìþìåíåò ôñáðåæéêÝò ÷ ïñçãÞóåéò ( â ) Åêôéìþìåíï óõíïëéêü ìÝãåèïò áãïñÜò ( ã ) ÁðáéôÞóåéò ôñáðåæþí , åê ôùí ïðïßùí : - Ýíáíôé ìç ôñáðåæéêþí öïñÝùí ( ä ) Õðï ÷ ñåþóåéò ôñáðåæþí , åê ôùí ïðïßùí : - Ýíáíôé ìç ôñáðåæéêþí öïñÝùí ( ä ) Ëïãáñéáóìïß ôÜîåùò : ÄéáèÝóéìá êåíôñ .
Bonds , of which - international ( a ) - domestic ( National ) Treasury bills Euro-CP and Euro-notes ( a ) Estimated bank lending ( b ) Estimated total market size ( c ) Bank assets , of which : - vis-à-vis non-banks ( d ) Bank liabilities , of which : - vis-à-vis non-banks ( d ) Memorandum items : Central banks holdings of private ECUs Turnover of ECU securities ( e ) % of total turnover in all currencies
ôñáðåæþí óå éäéùôéêÜ ECU 19,1 24,0 23,3 21,8 22,9 21,4 19,1 19,9 ¼ ãêïò óõíáëëáãþí óå ÷ ñåüãñáöá ECU ( å ) 333,6 402,0 479,6 392,5 412,1 390,3 337,4 313,6 % óõíïë .
1993 Q3 124.5 78.2 46.3 8.3 6.5 66.6 185.9 196.0 61.0 191.9 30.9
1993 T3 124,5 78,2 46,3 8,3 6,5 66,6 185,9 196,0 61,0 191,9 30,9
1994 Q3 125.4 69.1 56.3 4.7 6.4 59.9 176.4 178.4 55.6 174.7 27.1
1994 T3 125,4 69,1 56,3 4,7 6,4 59,9 176,4 178,4 55,6 174,7 27,1
1995 Q3 119.1 62.5 56.6 3.5 8.2 57.3 168.1 164.5 52.6 157.7 23.1
1995 T3 119,1 62,5 56,6 3,5 8,2 57,3 168,1 164,5 52,6 157,7 23,1
1996 Q3 110.2 51.8 58.4 3.5 8.9 51.4 154.0 142.0 46.9 136.7 20.9
1996 T3 110,2 51,8 58,4 3,5 8,9 51,4 154,0 142,0 46,9 136,7 20,9
Q1 112.1 55.5 56.6 3.5 2.7 46.7 145.0 128.1 42.2 129.9 21.9
T1 112,1 55,5 56,6 3,5 2,7 46,7 145,0 128,1 42,2 129,9 21,9
1997 Q2 110.8 55.0 55.8 3.5 2.3 45.0 141.6 117.2 40.7 120.6 21.7
1997 T2 T3 T4 110,8 113,4 118,1 55,0 55,6 58,0 55,8 57,8 60,1 3,5 3,5 3,5 2,3 2,4 2,8 45,0 47,1 .
Q3 Q4 113.4 118.1 55.6 58.0 57.8 60.1 3.5 3.5 2.4 2.8 47.1 .
ÐçãÞ : ÔÄÄ , Euroclear , Cedel êáé ÅÍÉ .
Source : BIS , Euroclear , Cedel and EMI .
( á ) Áðü ôï 1997 , ôá ìåóïðñüèåóìá ãñáììÜôéá óõìðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé óôá äéåèíÞ ïìüëïãá , åíþ ðáëáéüôåñá óõìðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáí óôá åõñùðáúêÜ åìðïñéêÜ ÷ ñåüãñáöá ( Åuro-CP ) êáé ôá åõñùãñáììÜôéá ( Åuro-notes ) .
( a ) From 1997 medium-term notes have been included under international bonds ; for earlier years , they are included under Euro-CP and Euro-notes .
ECU ãéá ðéèáíü äéðëü õðïëïãéóìü . ÕðÜñ ÷ åé åðéêÜëõøç ìåôáîý ôùí áãïñþí ÷ ñåïãñÜöùí êáé ôùí ôñáðåæéêþí áãïñþí , ëüãù ôïõ ñüëïõ ôùí ôñáðåæþí áöåíüò ùò åêäïôþí êáé áöåôÝñïõ ùò êáôü ÷ ùí ÷ ñåïãñÜöùí óå ECU .
( c ) ECU 20 billion are deducted for estimated double counting : there is an overlap between the securities and banking markets owing to the role of banks as issuers and holders of ECU securities .
ÄéÜãñáììá ÐáñáñôÞìáôïò 1
Chart for Annex 1
ÄéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý áãïñáßáò êáé èåùñçôéêÞò óõíáë . éóïôéìßáò ôïõ ECU ( ðïóïóôÜ åðß ôïéò åêáôü )
Difference between market and theoretical exchange rates of the ECU ( percentages ) 1.0 0.0
ÐçãÞ : ÅèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá . 305
- 4.0 Q1 Q2 1996 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 1997 Q3 Q4 Q1 Source : National data .
ÐáñÜñôçìá 2
281 Annex 2
Ïé ìåèïäïëïãéêÝò âåëôéþóåéò ðïõ êáèéåñþèçêáí ãéá ôïõò ÅÍÄÔÊ ôï 1997 Þôáí óçìáíôéêÜ âÞìáôá ðñïò ôçí åðßôåõîç ðëÞñùò óõãêñßóéìùí ÅíÄÔÊ .
The methodological improvements which were introduced for HICPs in 1997 were substantial steps towards the achievement of fully comparable HICPs .
ÅðéðëÝïí , ï ÅíÄÔÊ ðïõ êáëýðôåé ôçí ðåñéï ÷ Þ ôïõ åõñþ óôï óýíïëü ôçò áíáìÝíåôáé íá åßíáé ï êõñéüôåñïò äåßêôçò ãéá ôç ìÝôñçóç ôùí ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ óôçí ðåñéï ÷ Þ ôïõ åíéáßïõ íïìßóìáôïò áðü ôïí ÉáíïõÜñéï 1999 êáé ìåôÜ .
Furthermore , the HICP covering the euro area as a whole is expected to be the main measure of consumer prices for the single currency area from January 1999 onwards .
6 ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ôá êñéôÞñéá óýãêëéóçò ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé óôï ¢ ñèñï 109 É ( 1 ) ôçò ÓõíèÞêçò ãéá ôçí ºäñõóç ôçò ÅõñùðáúêÞò Êïéíüôçôáò ïñßæåé üôé ç óýãêëéóç ùò ðñïò ôéò ôéìÝò õðïëïãßæåôáé âÜóåé ôïõ äåßêôç ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ óå óõãêñßóéìç âÜóç , ëáìâáíïìÝíùí õðüøç ôùí äéáöïñþí ôùí åèíéêþí ïñéóìþí .
Consumer prices Protocol No. 6 on the convergence criteria referred to in Article 109j ( 1 ) of the Treaty establishing the European Community requires price convergence to be measured by means of the consumer price index on a comparable basis , taking into account differences in national definitions .
Ôï Ýñãï ôçò åííïéïëïãéêÞò áðïóáöÞíéóçò óå ó ÷ Ýóç ìå ôçí åíáñìüíéóç ôùí ÄÔÊ åðéôåëåß ç ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( EUROSTAT ) óå óôåíÞ óõíåñãáóßá ìå ôéò ÅèíéêÝò ÓôáôéóôéêÝò Õðçñåóßåò ( ÅèíÓÕ ) .
The conceptual work on the harmonisation of consumer price indices is carried out by the European Commission ( EUROSTAT ) in close liaison with the National Statistical Institutes ( NSIs ) .
Ôïí Ïêôþâñéï 1995 ôï Óõìâïýëéï ôçò ÅÅ õéïèÝôçóå Êáíïíéóìü ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ôïõò ÅíáñìïíéóìÝíïõò Äåßêôåò Ôéìþí ÊáôáíáëùôÞ ( ÅíÄÔÊ ) , ï ïðïßïò ÷ ñçóéìåýåé ùò ðëáßóéï ãéá ëåðôïìåñÝóôåñá ìÝôñá åíáñìüíéóçò .
In October 1995 the EU Council adopted a Regulation concerning Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices ( HICPs ) , which serves as the framework for further detailed harmonisation measures .
Ïé ðñþôïé ÅíÄÔÊ äçìïóéåýèçêáí áðü ôï EUROSTAT êáé áöïñïýóáí ôïí ÉáíïõÜñéï 1997 .
The first HICPs were released by EUROSTAT for January 1997 . Back data are available to 1995 .
ÁíáäñïìéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá åßíáé äéáèÝóéìá êáé áíáôñÝ ÷ ïõí ìÝ ÷ ñé ôï 1995 . Ôá ìÝôñá 308
The harmonisation measures introduced for HICPs have so far been based on three comprehensive Regulations of the European Commission .
5 ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ õðåñâïëéêïý åëëåßììáôïò ôï ïðïßï ðñïóáñôÜôáé óôç ÓõíèÞêç êáé ï áðü 22 Íïåìâñßïõ 1993 Êáíïíéóìüò ôïõ Óõìâïõëßïõ äßäïõí ôïí ïñéóìü ôùí åííïéþí  äçìüóéïò ôïìÝáò ,  Ýëëåéììá ,  äáðÜíåò ãéá ôüêïõò ,  åðåíäýóåéò , ÷ ñÝïò  êáé  áêáèÜñéóôï åã ÷ þñéï ðñïúüí ( ÁÅÐ ) ðáñáðÝìðïíôáò óôç â ´ Ýêäïóç ôïõ Åõñùðáúêïý ÓõóôÞìáôïò ÏëïêëçñùìÝíùí Ïéêïíïìéêþí Ëïãáñéáóìþí ( ÅÓÏË ) .
Moreover , a detailed Public finances Protocol No. 5 on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty together with a Council Regulation of November 1993 define government , deficit , interest expenditure , investment , debt and gross domestic product ( GDP ) by reference to the European System of Integrated Economic Accounts ( ESA ) , second edition .
Óýìöùíá ìå ôïí Êáíïíéóìü ôïõ Óõìâïõëßïõ ôïõ Éïõíßïõ 1996 , ç â ´ Ýêäïóç ôïõ ÅÓÏË èá åöáñìüæåôáé óôç äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ õðåñâïëéêïý åëëåßììáôïò Ýùò êáé ôï 1999 êáé óôç óõíÝ ÷ åéá èá áíôéêáôáóôáèåß áðü ôï ÅÓÏË 95 .
According to a Council Regulation of June 1996 , the second edition of the ESA will be applied for the excessive deficit procedure up to and including 1999 and will be replaced by the ESA 95 thereafter .
Ïé äéáäéêáóßåò õðïëïãéóìïý ôïõ ÁÅÐ ðáñáêïëïõèïýíôáé áðü ÅðéôñïðÞ , ç ïðïßá óõóôÜèçêå ìå Ïäçãßá ôïõ Óõìâïõëßïõ ôï ÖåâñïõÜñéï 1989 .
The GDP compilation procedures are monitored by a Committee established by a Council Directive of February 1989 .
Áðü ôçí áñ ÷ Þ ôïõ 1994 êáé åîÞò , ôá ÊñÜôçÌÝëç ôïõëÜ ÷ éóôïí äýï öïñÝò ôï ÷ ñüíï áíáêïéíþíïõí ðñïò ôçí ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ óôïé ÷ åßá ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ôï äçìüóéï Ýëëåéììá êáé ôï äçìüóéï ÷ ñÝïò .
As from the beginning of 1994 Member States have been reporting data related to the government deficit and government debt to the European Commission at least twice a year .
Ìå áõôÜ ôá äåäïìÝíá , ç ÓôáôéóôéêÞ Õðçñåóßá ôçò ÅõñùðáúêÞò ÅðéôñïðÞò ( EUROSTAT ) ðáñáêïëïõèåß åÜí ôá óôáôéóôéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá ðïõ áíáêïéíþíïíôáé óýìöùíá ìå ôï ÅÓÏË , â ´ Ýêäïóç , åßíáé óõíåðÞ êáé óõãêñßóéìá ìåôáîý ôùí ÊñáôþíÌåëþí .
Against this background , the Statistical Office of the Commission ( EUROSTAT ) monitors the consistency of the statistical data reported in accordance with the ESA , second edition , and their comparability between Member States .
¼ ðïõ ç â ´ Ýêäïóç ôïõ ÅÓÏË äåí ðáñÝ ÷ åé óáöåßò ïäçãßåò , ôï EUROSTAT æçôåß ôç ãíþìç ôçò ÅðéôñïðÞò ÓôáôéóôéêÞò Íïìéóìáôéêþí , × ñçìáôïïéêïíïìéêþí ÈåìÜôùí êáé ÈåìÜôùí Éóïæõãßïõ Ðëçñùìþí ( CMFB ) . H åðéôñïðÞ áõôÞ áðïôåëåßôáé áðü åêðñïóþðïõò ôùí åèíéêþí êåíôñéêþí ôñáðåæþí êáé ôùí ÅèíÓÕ .
Where the second edition of the ESA does not give clear guidance , EUROSTAT seeks the opinion of the Committee on Monetary , Financial and Balance of Payments Statistics ( CMFB ) , which includes representatives of Member States national central banks and NSIs .
Ôï EUROSTAT , ëáìâÜíïíôáò õðüøç ôç ãíþìç ôçò CMFB , áðïöáóßæåé áíåîÜñôçôá ðïéï óôáôéóôéêü ÷ åéñéóìü èá åöáñìüóïõí ôá ÊñÜôç-ÌÝëç . 309
Taking account of the CMFB s opinion , EUROSTAT makes an independent decision on the statistical treatment to be applied by the Member States .
ÓõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò Ïé óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò ôùí íïìéóìÜôùí ôùí Êñáôþí-Ìåëþí Ýíáíôé ôïõ ECU áíáêïéíþíïíôáé óå êáèçìåñéíÞ âÜóç ( óõíôïíéóìüò ôùí 2.15 ì . ì .
Exchange rates Exchange rates vis - - vis the ECU of the currencies of the Member States are quoted daily ( the so-called 2.15 p.m. concertation ) and are published in the Official Journal of the European Communities ;
) êáé äçìïóéåýïíôáé óôçí Åðßóçìç Åöçìåñßäá ôùí Åõñùðáúêþí ÊïéíïôÞôùí . Ïé éóïôéìßåò ìåôáîý ôùí åðéìÝñïõò åõñùðáúêþí íïìéóìÜôùí ðïõ ÷ ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå ïëüêëçñç ôçí ðáñïýóá ¸ êèåóç ðñïÝñ ÷ ïíôáé áðü ôéò ðáñáðÜíù éóïôéìßåò Ýíáíôé ôïõ ECU .
European cross rates used throughout this Report are derived from these ECU exchange rates . For information purposes , reference is also made in this Report to nominal and real effective exchange rates on the basis of series calculated by the BIS .
Ïé áñ ÷ Ýò åíáñìüíéóçò Þôáí üôé åêäüôçò ôùí ïìïëüãùí ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ç êåíôñéêÞ äéïßêçóç , ôá ÷ ñåüãñáöá íá åßíáé óôáèåñïý åðéôïêßïõ êáé äéÜñêåéáò ðåñßðïõ 10 åôþí êáé üôé ïé áðïäüóåéò ðñÝðåé íá ìåôñïýíôáé ÷ ùñßò íá Ý ÷ ïõí áöáéñåèåß ïé öüñïé .
Although the methodology for calculating the yields of bonds is similar across Member States , considerable differences existed in long-term interest rate statistics regarding the choice of securities , the yield formulae used , the maturities chosen , the treatment of taxation and adjustments for coupon effects .
Óôï ôÝëïò Äåêåìâñßïõ 1997 , Ýíôåêá ÷ þñåò ÷ ñçóéìïðïéïýóáí Ýíá ïìüëïãï ùò âáóéêü êáé ôÝóóåñéò ÷ þñåò Ýíá äåßãìá ïìïëüãùí , ÷ ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ùò êáèïñéóôéêü ðáñÜãïíôá ôç ñåõóôüôçôá ôçò áãïñÜò óôï ÷ ñïíéêü óçìåßï ôùí äÝêá åôþí .
The harmonisation principles were that the issuer of bonds should be the central government , with fixed coupon securities of close to ten years to maturity , and that yields should be measured gross of tax .
Ç åðéëïãÞ ïìïëüãùí õøçëÞò ñåõóôüôçôáò èåùñåßôáé åðßóçò ùò áðïôåëåóìáôéêüò Ýììåóïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ðåñéïñéóôïýí óôï åëÜ ÷ éóôï ïé åðéäñÜóåéò ðïõ ïöåßëïíôáé óôç äéáöïñåôéêÞ áîßá ôùí ôïêïìåñéäßùí . ÔÝëïò , áðü ôá õðÜñ ÷ ïíôá äéåèíÞ ðñüôõðá åðåëÝãç Ýíáò ïìïéüìïñöïò ôýðïò õðïëïãéóìïý , ï ôýðïò 6.3 áðü ôïõò  Ôýðïõò õðïëïãéóìïý áðïäüóåùí ê .
To ensure that the depth of the market is taken into account , and that no liquidity premium is carried into the yield , the representative securities should be chosen on the basis of their high liquidity . Responsibility for this choice is a matter for the Member States .
Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá Ôï Ðñùôüêïëëï áñéè . 6 ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ôá êñéôÞñéá óýãêëéóçò ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé óôï ¢ ñèñï 109 É ( 1 ) ôçò ÓõíèÞêçò ãéá ôçí ºäñõóç ôçò ÅõñùðáúêÞò Êïéíüôçôáò ïñßæåé üôé ç óýãêëéóç ùò ðñïò ôá ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá áîéïëïãåßôáé ìå âÜóç ôá ìáêñïðñüèåóìá êñáôéêÜ ïìüëïãá , Þ Üëëá óõãêñßóéìá ÷ ñåüãñáöá , åðß äéÜóôçìá åíüò Ýôïõò ðñéí áðü ôçí áîéïëüãçóç , ëáìâáíïìÝíùí õðüøç ôùí äéáöïñþí ôùí åèíéêþí ïñéóìþí .
At end-December 1997 eleven countries were using a benchmark bond and four a sample of bonds , using the liquidity of the market at the ten-year point as the determining factor . Special feature bonds ( e.g. embedded option , zero coupon ) are excluded from the assessment .
6 ïñßæåé üôé áñìüäéá ãéá ôçí ðáñï ÷ Þ ôùí óôáôéóôéêþí óôïé ÷ åßùí ãéá ôçí åöáñìïãÞ ôïõ Ðñùôïêüëëïõ åßíáé ç ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ , ùóôüóï ôï ÅÍÉ âïÞèçóå íá ðñïóäéïñéóôïýí ôá óôáôéóôéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá ãéá ôá áíôéðñïóùðåõôéêÜ ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá , ëüãù ôçò ðåßñáò ðïõ äéáèÝôåé óôïí ôïìÝá áõôü , êáé íá óõãêåíôñùèïýí ôá óôïé ÷ åßá áðü ôéò êåíôñéêÝò ôñÜðåæåò ãéá íá äéáâéâáóôïýí óôçí ÅðéôñïðÞ .
The selection of highly liquid bonds is also seen as an effective indirect means by which to minimise the effects of different coupon values .