natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Óôá ôÝëç ôïõ 1997 ôï ÄÍÔ ðñïóÝöåñå óçìáíôéêÝò ðéóôùôéêÝò äéåõêïëýíóåéò ðñïò ôçí ÔáúëÜíäç , ôçí Éíäïíçóßá êáé ôç Äçìïêñáôßá ôçò ÊïñÝáò .
In late 1997 the IMF offered substantial loan facilities to Thailand , Indonesia and the Republic of Korea .
Ïé óõíÝðåéåò ôçò êñßóçò ãéá ôéò íïìéóìáôéêÝò êáé ïéêïíïìéêÝò åîåëßîåéò óôçí ÅÅ åîåôÜæïíôáé ðåñáéôÝñù óôï ÕðïêåöÜëáéï 3 .
The implications of the crisis for monetary and economic developments in the EU are discussed further in Section 3 .
1 Éïõëßïõ 1997 - 31 Äåêåìâñßïõ 1997 ÁãïñÜ ìåôï ÷ þí × ïíãê Êïíãê Éíäïíçóßá Ìáëáéóßá Äçìïêñáôßá ôçò ÊïñÝáò Óéãêáðïýñç ÔáúëÜíäç ÐçãÞ : Reuters .
1 July 1997 to 31 December 1997 Equity market Hong Kong Indonesia Malaysia Republic of Korea Singapore Thailand Source : Reuters .
Éóïôéìßá äïëáñßïõ ÇÐÁ 0,0 - 55,0 - 35,0 - 47,7 - 15,0 - 47,8
USD exchange rate 0.0 - 55.0 - 35.0 - 47.7 - 15.0 - 47.8
1.2 MáêñïïéêïíïìéêÝò åîåëßîåéò óôçí ÅÅ Ç Üíïäïò ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ óôçí ÅÅ åðéôá ÷ ýíèçêå Óôïõò ðñþôïõò ìÞíåò ôïõ 1997 , ç Üíïäïò ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ óôçí ÅÅ óçìåßùóå ìéá ðïñåßá ÷ ùñßò óçìáíôéêÝò åîåëßîåéò , üðùò êáé óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôïõ 1996 , êáèþò ç êáêïêáéñßá ðïõ åíôÜèçêå ðÝñáí ôïõ óõíÞèïõò Ýôåéíå êáé ðÜëé íá áíáóôåßëåé ôçí êáôáóêåõáóôéêÞ äñáóôçñéüôçôá óôï ðñþôï ôñßìçíï .
1.2 Macroeconomic developments in the EU Real GDP growth in the EU accelerated Initially , real GDP growth in the EU in 1997 followed the pattern of subdued developments also observed in early 1996 as unusually severe weather conditions again tended to depress construction in the first quarter .
Óôç óõíÝ ÷ åéá üìùò , ç ïéêïíïìéêÞ äñáóôçñéüôçôá åðéôá ÷ ýíèçêå êáé áðü ôï äåýôåñï ôñßìçíï êáé ìåôÜ ï ñõèìüò ôçò ïéêïíïìéêÞò áíÜðôõîçò Þôáí óçìáíôéêÜ õøçëüôåñïò áðü ü , ôé óôçí áíôßóôïé ÷ ç ðåñßïäï ôïõ 1996 .
However , the pace of economic activity quickened thereafter and , from the second quarter onwards , the growth rate was significantly higher than in the comparable period of 1996 .
Ç êñßóç ôçò Áóßáò äåí åß ÷ å óçìáíôéêÞ äõóìåíÞ åðßäñáóç óôçí áíÜðôõîç ôï 1997 . Ï ìÝóïò ñõèìüò áíüäïõ ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ óôçí ÅÅ ôï Ðßíáêáò 1
The crisis in Asia did not have a significant adverse impact on growth in 1997 .
1997 åêôéìÜôáé óå 2,7% , äçë . óçìáíôéêÜ õøçëüôåñïò ôïõ 1,7% ðïõ åß ÷ å óçìåéùèåß ôï 1996 .
Average real GDP growth for the EU in 1997 is estimated to have been 2.7% , which is significantly higher than the rate of 1.7% recorded in 1996 .
Ç åðéôÜ ÷ õíóç ôçò ïéêïíïìéêÞò äñáóôçñéüôçôáò Þôáí êïéíü öáéíüìåíï êáé ç åíôïíüôåñç Üíïäïò óçìåéþèçêå óå üëåò ó ÷ åäüí ôéò ÷ þñåò ôçò ÅÅ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 1 ) , áí êáé åîáêïëïýèçóáí íá ðáñáôçñïýíôáé äéáöïñÝò ùò ðñïò ôï ñõèìü ôçò ïéêïíïìéêÞò äñáóôçñéüôçôáò .
The acceleration in activity was widespread , with stronger growth being recorded in almost all EU countries ( see Table 1 ) , although there continued to be differences in the strength of economic activity .
Óôçí Éôáëßá êáé ôç Óïõçäßá , ï ñõèìüò áýîçóçò ôïõ ðñïúüíôïò , áí êáé ôá ÷ ýôåñïò áðü ü , ôé ôï 1996 , ðáñÝìåéíå ÷ áìçëüôåñïò ôïõ 2 %, åíþ óôï ÂÝëãéï , ôç Ãåñìáíßá , ôç Ãáëëßá êáé ôçí Áõóôñßá êõìÜíèçêå ìåôáîý 2 % êáé 3 %.
In Italy and Sweden output growth , although higher than in 1996 , remained below 2 %, while in Belgium , Germany , France and Austria the rate was between 2 % and 3 %.
Óôá õðüëïéðá åííÝá êñÜôç-ìÝëç ôï ðñáãìáôéêü ÁÅÐ áõîÞèçêå ìå ñõèìü Üíù ôïõ 3 %.
Real GDP growth in the remaining nine EU Member States was above 3 %.
Ç Éñëáíäßá óçìåßùóå ãéá ìéá áêüìç öïñÜ ôï 1997 ôïí õøçëüôåñï ñõèìü áíÜðôõîçò óôçí ´ Åíùóç ( 10,3% ) .
Growth in Ireland was again the strongest in the Union in 1997 at 10.3% .
Óôç Öéëáíäßá ç Üíïäïò ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ óçìåßùóå åðßóçò Ýíôïíç åðéôÜ ÷ õíóç êáé Ýöèáóå ó ÷ åäüí ôï 6 %.
In Finland real GDP growth also accelerated sharply to reach almost 6 %.
Ðñüóöáôåò åîåëßîåéò óôçí áýîçóç ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ ( åêáôïóôéáßåò ìåôáâïëÝò ) 1995 ÂÝëãéï Äáíßá Ãåñìáíßá ÅëëÜäá Éóðáíßá Ãáëëßá Éñëáíäßá Éôáëßá Ëïõîåìâïýñãï Ïëëáíäßá Áõóôñßá Ðïñôïãáëßá Öéëáíäßá Óïõçäßá Çí .
The acceleration in activity during 1997 was to a large extent underpinned by a continuation of the favourable factors which had also characterised 1996 : economic expansion in North America remained robust ( see also Section 1.1 ) and the price
Âáóßëåéï ÅÅ-15 2,1 3,1 1,8 2,1 2,7 2,1 10,4 2,9 2,7 2,3 2,1 2,4 5,1 3,9 2,7 2,5 ÅôÞóéïé ñõèìïß ( á ) 1996 1997 1,5 3,5 1,4 2,7 2,3 1,5 7,7 0,7 3,5 3,3 1,6 3,6 3,6 1,3 2,2 1,7 ( ã )
Recent developments in real GDP growth ( percentage changes ) 1995 1996 1997 Belgium 2.1 Denmark 3.1 Germany 1.8 Greece 2.1 Spain 2.7 France 2.1 Ireland 10.4 Italy 2.9 Luxembourg 2.7 Netherlands 2.3 Austria 2.1 Portugal 2.4 Finland 5.1 Sweden 3.9 United Kingdom 2.7 EU-15 2.5 1.5 2.8 3.5 3.4 1.4 2.2 2.7 3.5 2.3 3.4 1.5 2.4 7.7 10.3 0.7 1.5 3.5 4.8 3.3 3.4 1.6 2.5 3.6 3.9 3.6 5.9 1.3 1.8 2.2 3.3 1.7 2.7
Ñõèìïß ôñéìÞíïõ ( â ) 1997 Á ´ 2,4 2,0 1,0 3,2 1,3 - 0,9 .
Annual rates ( a ) 1996 Q4 Q1 2.0 2.4 3.1 2.0 1.8 1.0 2.8 3.2 2.3 1.3 - 0.2 - 0.9 .
3,1 . 7,1 2,9 3,5 3,0 Ã ´ 2,9 2,6 2,4 3,5 2,7 2,2 .
1997 Q2 Q3 2.9 2.9 4.3 2.6 3.0 2.4 3.4 3.5 2.6 2.7 1.9 2.2 . .
0,7 . 0,0 - 0,2 0,8 0,4 1997 Â ´ 1,3 2,0 0,9 0,8 1,1 1,9 .
Quarterly rates ( b ) 1996 1997 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 0.7 0.6 1.3 0.5 - 0.8 0.9 2.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.9 - 0.4 0.0 1.9 0.6 . .
1,1 2,2 0,3 0,5 1996 Ä ´ 2,0 3,1 1,8 2,8 2,3 - 0,2 .
1.4 0.0 3.1 1.7 0.6 - 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.8 Q4 .
êáé ÕðïêåöÜëáéï 1.1 ) êáé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ÷ þñåò ôçò ÅÅ âåëôßùóáí ôçí áíôáãùíéóôéêüôçôá ôùí ôéìþí ôïõò Ýíáíôé ôùí êõñéüôåñùí åìðïñéêþí ôïõò åôáßñùí åêôüò ÅÅ .
competitiveness of most EU countries improved against that of their major non-EU trading partners .
ÌÝóá óôçí ÅÅ , ï ÷ áìçëüò Þ åðéâñáäõíüìåíïò ðëçèùñéóìüò åðÝôñåøå óôá ðåñéóóüôåñá êñÜôç-ìÝëç íá áóêÞóïõí ðïëéôééêÞ ÷ áñáêôçñéæüìåíç áðü ó ÷ åôéêÜ ÷ áìçëÜ âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìá ïíïìáóôéêÜ åðéôüêéá ( âë . ÕðïêåöÜëáéï 2 ) , ïé óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò ìåôáîý ôùí íïìéóìÜôùí ôçò ÅÅ ðáñÝìåéíáí ó ÷ åäüí áìåôÜâëçôåò êáé ïé áðïäüóåéò ôùí ïìïëüãùí óçìåßùóáí ðåñáéôÝñù êÜìøç .
Within the EU , low or declining inflation enabled most Member States to pursue policies characterised by relatively low short-term nominal interest rates ( see Section 2 ) , intra-EU exchange rates remained generally stable and bond yields declined still further .
Éó ÷ õñüôåñç åã ÷ þñéá æÞôçóç , ïé êáèáñÝò åîáãùãÝò ðáñÝìåéíáí èåôéêÝò Ãéá ôçí ÅÅ ùò óýíïëï , ç åõíïúêüôåñç åîÝëéîç ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ ôï 1997 ïöåéëüôáí ðñùôßóôùò óôçí åã ÷ þñéá æÞôçóç , ðïõ áõîÞèçêå êáôÜ 2,2% Ýíáíôé 1,5% ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï Ýôïò .
Stronger domestic demand , net exports remained positive For the Union as a whole , the improved real growth performance in 1997 was principally due to domestic demand , which rose by 2.2% , compared with 1.5% in the previous year .
åíþ ç Üíïäïò ôçò éäéùôéêÞò êáôáíÜëùóçò ðáñÝìåéíå óôÜóéìç êáé ç äçìüóéá êáôáíÜëùóç Þôáí ëéãüôåñï äõíáìéêÞ áðü ü , ôé ôï 1996 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 2 ) .
The rise in domestic demand was linked to an improvement in investment growth and an increase in stockbuilding , while growth in private consumption was unchanged and government consumption was weaker than in 1996 ( see Table 2 ) .
Ç åã ÷ þñéá æÞôçóç áõîÞèçêå êáôÜ 3 % Þ ðåñéóóüôåñï óå ðïëëÝò ÷ þñåò ( Äáíßá , ÅëëÜäá , Éñëáíäßá , Ëïõîåìâïýñãï , Ïëëáíäßá , Ðïñôïãáëßá , Öéëáíäßá êáé ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï ) , ùóôüóï óôç Ãåñìáíßá , ôç Ãáëëßá , ôçí Éôáëßá , ôçí Áõóôñßá êáé ôç Óïõçäßá ç Üíïäïò ôçò åã ÷ þñéáò æÞôçóçò Þôáí ìéêñüôåñç ôïõ 1,5% .
Whereas domestic demand rose by 3 % or more in many countries ( Denmark , Greece , Ireland , Luxembourg , the Netherlands , Portugal , Finland and the United Kingdom ) , in Germany , France , Austria and Sweden growth in domestic demand was below 1.5% .
Ç éäéùôéêÞ êáôáíÜëùóç áõîÜíåôáé ìå óôáèåñü ñõèìü óôçí ÅÅ ìåôÜ ôçí ýöåóç ôïõ 199293 , ï ïðïßïò êáé ðáñáìÝíåé ìåôáîý 1,5% êáé 2 %.
Private consumption growth in the EU has been broadly constant since the 1992-93 recession and has remained in the range of 1 ½- 2 %.
Ôï êáèáñü áðïôÝëåóìá ðïõ ðñïÝêõøå áðü ôç óõíäõáóìÝíç åðßäñáóç ôùí ðáñáðÜíù ðáñáãüíôùí ðáñïõóéÜæåé Ýíôïíç äéáöïñïðïßçóç áðü ÷ þñá óå ÷ þñá , üðùò öáßíåôáé êáé áðü ôï ãåãïíüò üôé ôï 1997 ç éäéùôéêÞ êáôáíÜëùóç áõîÞèçêå ìå ñõèìü 3 % Þ ðåñéóóüôåñï óôç Äáíßá , ôçí Éóðáíßá , ôçí Éñëáíäßá , ôçí Ïëëáíäßá , ôçí Ðïñôïãáëßá , ôç Öéëáíäßá êáé ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï , åíþ óôç Ãåñìáíßá , ôç Ãáëëßá êáé ôçí Áõóôñßá áõîÞèçêå ìå ñõèìü ëéãüôåñï áðü 1 %.
The balance between these factors varied sharply , as is illustrated by the fact that in 1997 private consumption grew at 3 % or more in Denmark , Spain , Ireland , the Netherlands , Portugal , Finland and the United Kingdom , while in Germany , France and Austria it grew by less than 1 %.
Óôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï ç éäéùôéêÞ êáôáíÜëùóç áõîÞèçêå ôï 1997 ìå ñõèìü 4,5% , ôïí õøçëüôåñï áðü ôï 1988 , åîÝëéîç ðïõ åí ìÝñåé ïöåßëåôáé óå ðñïóùñéíïýò ðáñÜãïíôåò ( êõñßùò áðñüïðôá êÝñäç ðñïåñ ÷ üìåíá áðü ôçí êåöáëáéáêÞ áíáäéÜñèùóç ôùí éäñõìÜôùí ðïõ ðáñÝ ÷ ïõí êôçìáôéêÞ ðßóôç ) .
In the United Kingdom private consumption grew by 4.5% in 1997 , the highest rate since 1988 , partly spurred on by temporary factors ( notably windfall gains arising from the demutualisation of mortgage lending institutions ) .
èåéåò óõãêñÜôçóçò ôùí äáðáíþí , ìå óôü ÷ ï ôçí áíáãêáßá äçìïóéïíïìéêÞ åîõãßáíóç , áõîÞèçêå êáôÜ 0,5% ôï 1997 , ìå áðïôÝëåóìá íá ìåéùèåß ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ .
Reflecting the continued efforts of fiscal authorities to restrain spending in the light of the need for consolidation , government consumption in the EU increased by 0.5% in 1997 , thus resulting in a decline in the ratio to GDP .
Áíôßèåôá , ç êáôáíÜëùóç ôïõ åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá áõîÞèçêå êáôÜ 2,9% óôç Äáíßá , 2,7% óôçí Éñëáíäßá , 3,3% óôçí Ïëëáíäßá êáé 3,0% óôçí Ðïñôïãáëßá .
By contrast , general government consumption rose by 2.9% in Denmark , by 3.9% in Luxembourg , by 3.3% in the Netherlands and by 3.0% in Portugal .
áðü ôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , Þôáí êáé ôï 1997 ÷ áìçëüôåñç áðü ôá åðßðåäá ðïõ ÷ áñáêôÞñéæáí ôéò ðñïçãïýìåíåò äåêáåôßåò , áí êáé Þôáí ìåãáëýôåñç áðü ü , ôé ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï Ýôïò , ðáñÜ ôá éêáíïðïéçôéêÜ ðåñéèþñéá êÝñäïõò êáé ôï õøçëü åðßðåäï ôçò åìðéóôïóýíçò ôùí ðáñáãùãéêþí ìïíÜäùí , êáèþò êáé ôï ó ÷ åôéêÜ õøçëü âáèìü ÷ ñçóéìïðïßçóçò ôïõ ðáñáãùãéêïý äõíáìéêïý óôç ìåôáðïßçóç .
Continuing the pattern observed since the early 1990s , fixed investment growth in 1997 - although stronger than in the previous year continued to be below the levels typical of past decades , despite satisfactory profit margins and a high level of industrial confidence , as well as relatively high capacity utilisation rates for the manufacturing sector .
Óå åðßðåäï åðéìÝñïõò ÷ ùñþí , ç Üíïäïò ôùí åðåíäýóåùí ôï 1997 Þôáí ðÜíù áðü 10 % óôçí ÅëëÜäá , ôçí Éñëáíäßá , ôï Ëïõîåìâïýñãï , ôçí Ðïñôïãáëßá êáé ôç Öéëáíäßá , åíþ Þôáí åðßóçò éó ÷ õñÞ êáé óôç Äáíßá êáé ôçí Ïëëáíäßá .
At the individual country level , investment growth in 1997 stood at over 10 % in Greece , Ireland , Luxembourg , Portugal and Finland , but was also strong in Denmark and the Netherlands .
Óýíèåóç ôçò ïéêïíïìéêÞò ìåãÝèõíóçò óôçí ÅÅ ôï 1997 * ( åôÞóéá åêáôïóôéáßá ìåôáâïëÞ ) Ðñáãìáôéêü ÁÅÐ Åã ÷ þñéá æÞôçóç ÊáôáíÜëùóç Åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ÉäéùôéêÞ ôïìÝá ÐÜãéåò ÌåôáâïëÝò ÅéóáãùãÝò åðåíäýóåéò áðïèåìÜôùí ( á ) ÅîáãùãÝò Åìðüñéï
Table 2 Composition of growth in the EU in 1997 * ( annual percentage change ) Real GDP Domestic demand Consumption General Private government Fixed investment Stock changes ( a ) Exports Imports Trade
ÂÝëãéï Äáíßá Ãåñìáíßá ÅëëÜäá Éóðáíßá Ãáëëßá Éñëáíäßá Éôáëßá Ëïõîåìâïýñãï Ïëëáíäßá Áõóôñßá Ðïñôïãáëßá Öéëáíäßá Óïõçäßá Çí . Âáóßëåéï ÅÅ-15 ( â ) Õðüìíçóç : ÅÅ-15 ( â ) ( 1996 )
Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom EU-15 ( b ) Memo item : EU-15 ( b ) ( 1996 )
Óôç Óïõçäßá ïé åðåíäýóåéò ìåéþèçêáí êáôÜ 4,8% . Ôüóï ïé åîáãùãÝò üóï êáé ïé åéóáãùãÝò áõîÞèçêáí ìå óçìáíôéêÜ åíôïíüôåñïõò ñõèìïýò áðü ü , ôé ôï 1996 , åí ìÝñåé áíôáíáêëþíôáò ôçí áíÜêáìøç ôçò ïéêïíïìéêÞò äñáóôçñéüôçôáò óôéò ÷ þñåò ôçò ÅÅ ( ðïõ ïäÞãçóå óå Üíïäï ôïõ åíäïêïéíïôéêïý åìðïñßïõ ) êáé ôéò åõíïúêÝò ïéêïíïìéêÝò óõíèÞêåò ðïõ åðéêñÜôçóáí äéåèíþò .
( b ) The trade figures are a weighted average of the EU-15 countries » data and , as such , do not exclude intra-EU trade . the resurgence of growth within the EU ( which increased intra-EU trade ) and buoyant economic conditions globally .
Ïé åîáãùãÝò áðü ôéò ÷ þñåò ôçò ÅÅ áõîÞèçêáí ìå ñõèìü 9,5% êáôÜ ìÝóï üñï , åíþ ïé åéóáãùãÝò áõîÞèçêáí êáôÜ 8,5% .
Exports from EU countries grew by 9.5% on average , while imports grew by 8.5% .
Óýìöùíá ìå óôïé ÷ åßá ôçò ÅõñùðáúêÞò ÅðéôñïðÞò , ôüóï ôï åìðïñéêü éóïæýãéï üóï êáé ôï éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí ôçò ÅÅ óçìåßùóáí ðåñáéôÝñù âåëôßùóç ôï 1997 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 3 ) .
European Commission figures show that trade and current account balances for the EU improved further in 1997 ( see Table 3 ) ; the trade balance rose to 1.5% of EU GDP and the current account surplus increased to 1.2% of EU GDP .
éóïæõãßïõ áõîÞèçêå óå 1,5% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôçò ÅÅ êáé ôï ðëåüíáóìá ôïõ éóïæõãßïõ ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí áõîÞèçêå óå 1,2% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôçò ÅÅ . ¸ íôïíç âåëôßùóç ( ìå âÜóç åèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá ) ðáñïõóßáóå ôï éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí ôçò Ãáëëßáò êáé ôçò Ïëëáíäßáò êáé , óå ìéêñüôåñç Ýêôáóç , ôïõ Âåëãßïõ , ôçò Ãåñìáíßáò , ôçò Éóðáíßáò êáé ôïõ ÇíùìÝíïõ Âáóéëåßïõ .
Current account balances ( based on national data ) improved strongly in France and the Netherlands as well as , although to a lesser extent , in Belgium , Germany , Spain , Finland and the United Kingdom . By contrast , Denmark experienced a marked deterioration .
Ðßíáêáò 3
23 Table 3
Åìðïñéêü éóïæýãéï êáé éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí ôùí ÷ ùñþí ôçò ÅÅ * ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) Åìðïñéêü éóïæýãéï 1994 ÂÝëãéï ( â ) Äáíßá Ãåñìáíßá ÅëëÜäá Éóðáíßá Ãáëëßá Éñëáíäßá Éôáëßá Ëïõîåìâïýñãï ( â ) Ïëëáíäßá Áõóôñßá Ðïñôïãáëßá Öéëáíäßá Óïõçäßá Çí . Âáóßëåéï ÅÅ-15 ( ã ) .
Trade and current account balances in the EU * ( as a percentage of GDP ) Belgium ( b ) Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg ( b ) Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom EU-15 ( c )
4,1 2,2 - 13,8 - 3,9 0,7 15,5 3,5 - 12,8 5,1 - 5,2 - 7,8 6,6 4,4 - 1,5 0,6 1995 4,1 2,9 2,5 - 15,0 - 4,3 0,9 19,3 4,1 - 12,0 5,3 - 3,8 - 6,8 8,6 6,5 - 0,4 1,0 1996 3,9 3,5 2,8 - 15,0 - 3,8 1,2 20,0 5,0 - 13,6 5,0 - 4,2 - 7,2 7,7 7,0 - 1,0 1,3 1997 ( á ) 4,4 2,8 3,3 - 15,1 - 3,6 2,2 22,8 4,1 .
4.1 2.2 - 13.8 - 3.9 0.7 15.5 3.5 - 12.8 5.1 - 5.2 - 7.8 6.6 4.4 - 1.5 0.6 Trade balance 1995 1996 4.1 3.9 2.9 3.5 2.5 2.8 - 15.0 - 15.0 - 4.3 - 3.8 0.9 1.2 19.3 20.0 4.1 5.0 - 12.0 - 13.6 5.3 5.0 - 3.8 - 4.2 - 6.8 - 7.2 8.6 7.7 6.5 7.0 - 0.4 - 1.0 1.0 1.3
1,8 - 1,0 - 0,1 - 0,8 0,6 3,6 1,4 14,0 5,3 - 0,9 - 2,5 1,3 0,4 - 0,3 0,0 1995 4,2 1,0 - 0,9 - 2,5 1,2 0,7 4,1 2,5 18,1 6,1 - 2,0 - 0,2 4,1 2,1 - 0,7 0,4 1996 4,2 1,7 - 0,6 - 3,7 1,3 1,3 3,2 3,4 15,9 5,8 - 1,8 - 1,4 3,8 2,7 - 0,4 0,8 1997 ( á ) 4,9 0,6 0,0 - 4,0 1,5 2,9 2,8 3,2 15,9 5,3 - 1,9 - 2,0 5,1 2,7 0,3 1,2
1.8 - 1.0 - 0.1 - 0.8 0.6 3.6 1.4 14.0 5.3 - 0.9 - 2.5 1.3 0.4 - 0.3 0.0 Current account balance 1995 1996 1997 ( a ) 4.2 4.2 4.9 1.0 1.7 0.6 - 0.9 - 0.6 0.0 - 2.5 - 3.7 - 4.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.7 1.3 2.9 4.1 3.2 2.8 2.5 3.4 3.2 18.1 15.9 15.9 6.1 5.8 5.3 - 2.0 - 1.8 - 1.9 - 0.2 - 1.4 - 2.0 4.1 3.8 5.1 2.1 2.7 2.7 - 0.7 - 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.2
( â ) Ôá áíôßóôïé ÷ á ìåãÝèç ãéá ôï ÂÝëãéï-Ëïõîåìâïýñãï åßíáé ãéá ôï åìðïñéêü éóïæýãéï 2,7 , 4,1 , 3,9 êáé 4,2 êáé ãéá ôï éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí 5,0 , 5,1 , 5,0 êáé 5,3 .
( b ) Corresponding figures for BLEU are : for the trade balance : 2.7 , 4.1 , 3.9 , 4.2 ; and for the current account balance : 5.0 , 5.1 , 5.0 , 5.3 .
( ã ) Óôïé ÷ åßá ÅõñùðáúêÞò ÅðéôñïðÞò ( ðñïâëÝøåéò Üíïéîçò 1998 ) .
( c ) European Commission data ( spring 1998 forecasts ) ;
Ç óõíïëéêÞ áðáó ÷ üëçóç óôçí ÅÅ , ðïõ áíÝñ ÷ åôáé óå 147 åêáôïììýñéá Üôïìá ðåñßðïõ , äåí Ý ÷ åé áõîçèåß óçìáíôéêÜ áðü ôçí ýöåóç ôïõ 1992-93 , ìïëïíüôé ï ìÝóïò ñõèìüò áíÜðôõîçò ôçò ÅÅ Þôáí 2,4% óôï ßäéï äéÜóôçìá .
Total employment in the EU , at around 147 million , has not increased significantly since the 1992-93 recession , despite EU-average real GDP growth over this period of 2.4% .
ÅíäåéêôéêÜ áíáöÝñåôáé üôé ç óõíïëéêÞ áðáó ÷ üëçóç åêôéìÜôáé üôé áõîÞèçêå ìüíï êáôÜ 0,5% ôï 1997 óôçí ÅÅ , Ýíáíôé 1 % ðåñßðïõ óôçí Éáðùíßá êáé Üíù ôïõ 2 % óôéò ÇÐÁ .
For example , total employment is estimated to have risen by only around 0.5% in 1997 , compared with increases of around 1 % in Japan and over 2 % in the United States .
ÅîÜëëïõ , ôï ðïóïóôü óõììåôï ÷ Þò óôï åñãáôéêü äõíáìéêü , ðïõ åßíáé 67 % ðåñßðïõ , åßíáé ÷ áìçëüôåñï áðü ü , ôé óôçí Éáðùíßá êáé óôéò ÇÐÁ .
Moreover , the labour force participation rate , at around 67 %, is lower than in either Japan or the United States .
Ôï ðïóïóôü áíåñãßáò ãéá ôï óýíïëï ôçò ÅÅ ( ìåôñïýìåíï ìå âÜóç óôïé ÷ åßá ôïõ EUROSTAT ) õðï ÷ þñçóå åëáöñÜ óôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ 1997 , áðü 10,8% ôï ôÝôáñôï ôñßìçíï ôïõ 1996 óå 10,5% ôï ôÝôáñôï ôñßìçíï ôïõ 1997 ( âë . ÄéÜãñáììá 2 ) .
The unemployment rate for the EU as a whole ( measured on the basis of EUROSTAT data ) fell slightly during the course of 1997 , from 10.8% in the fourth quarter of 1996 to 10.5% in the fourth quarter of 1997 ( see Chart 2 ) .
Óôçí Ïëëáíäßá ç áíåñãßá åß ÷ å ìåéùèåß óå 5 % ìÝ ÷ ñé ôï ôÝëïò ôïõ Ýôïõò .
In the Netherlands unemployment had fallen to 5 % by the end of the year .
Áíôßèåôá , ðåñáéôÝñù Üíïäïò ôïõ ðïóïóôïý áíåñãßáò óçìåéþèçêå óôç Ãåñìáíßá , áíôáíáêëþíôáò êõñßùò ôéò åîåëßîåéò óôçí áíáôïëéêÞ Ãåñìáíßá , üðïõ ç áíåñãßá åß ÷ å áõîçèåß ó ÷ åäüí óå 20 % ìÝ ÷ ñé ôï ôÝëïò ôïõ Ýôïõò .
In contrast , 24
Ðßíáêáò 4 Óýãêñéóç ìåôáîý åèíéêþí óôïé ÷ åßùí êáé óôïé ÷ åßùí EUROSTAT ãéá ôçí áíåñãßá ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ åñãáôéêïý äõíáìéêïý ) ÂÅË ÄÁÍ ÃÅÑ ÅËË 1996 Åèíéêüò ïñéóìüò EUROSTAT 1997 Åèíéêüò ïñéóìüò EUROSTAT 9,3 9,2 7,8 11,5 6,1 9,7 7,9 20,8 12,5 10,3 12,3 9,6 20,8 12,4 10,2 12,1 3,6 3,7 5,6 5,2 7,1 4,4 6,8 14,5 8,0 5,7 10,8 7,1 10,6 6,8 14,0 10,2 9,8 9,7 8,7 10,4 6,9 8,8 7,5 22,2 12,3 11,5 12,1 9,6 22,1 12,4 11,6 12,0 3,3 3,3 6,6 6,3 7,0 4,3 7,3 15,8 8,0 7,5 11,0 8,2 10,8 7,3 15,4 10,0 ÉÓÐ ÃÁË ÉÑË ÉÔÁ ËÏÕ ÏËË ÁÕÓ ÐÏÑ ÖÉË ÓÏÕ ÇÂ ÅÅ
Unemployment rates * ( EUROSTAT definition ; as a percentage of the labour force ) Belgium Denmark 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Germany ( a ) Greece ( b ) 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Spain France Ireland Italy
ÄéÜãñáììá 2 ÐïóïóôÜ áíåñãßáò * ÂÝëãéï Äáíßá
Luxembourg Netherlands 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1992 1993 1994
( ïñéóìüò êáôÜ EUROSTAT , ðïóïóôü % ôïõ åñãáôéêïý äõíáìéêïý ) Ãåñìáíßá ( á ) ÅëëÜäá ( â ) Éóðáíßá Ãáëëßá Éñëáíäßá Éôáëßá
Austria Portugal 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1995 1996 1997 Finland ( c ) Sweden
ÐçãÞ : EUROSTAT .
Source : EUROSTAT .
( á ) ÅíïðïéçìÝíç Ãåñìáíßá áðü ôïí ÉáíïõÜñéï 1993 êáé ìåôÜ .
( a ) Unified Germany from January 1993 onwards .
( ã ) ÁíáèåùñçìÝíïò ïñéóìüò áðü ôï ÌÜéï 1997 êáé ìåôÜ .
( c ) Revised definition from May 1997 onwards .
( ä ) Ðñéí áðü ôïí ÉáíïõÜñéï 1995 , óýíïëï ÅÅ-12 .
( d ) Prior to January 1995 , the aggregate EU-12 is shown .
Ôá ðáñáðÜíù óôïé ÷ åßá ãéá ôçí áíåñãßá ðïõ ðñïÝñ ÷ ïíôáé áðü ôï EUROSTAT Ý ÷ ïõí õðïëïãéóôåß óýìöùíá ìå óõóôÜóåéò ôçò ôïõ Äéåèíïýò Ãñáöåßïõ Åñãáóßáò . Ôá óôïé ÷ åßá áõôÜ åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï óõãêñßóéìá áðü ôá åèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá , áëëÜ äåí åßíáé áêüìç ðëÞñùò åíáñìïíéóìÝíá .
Despite the marked declines recorded in Spain and Finland , the unemployment rates in these two countries remained the highest in the EU . The unemployment data from EUROSTAT to which reference is made in the paragraph above are calculated according to ILO recommendations .
Ðßíáêá 4 ) .
In some cases , they differ markedly from the corresponding national definitions ( see Table 4 ) .
Åéäéêüôåñá , ïé åêôéìÞóåéò ôïõ EUROSTAT ãéá ôï 1997 , óå åôÞóéá âÜóç , åßíáé õøçëüôåñåò ãéá ôçí ÅëëÜäá , ôç Óïõçäßá êáé ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï êáé ÷ áìçëüôåñåò ãéá ôç Äáíßá , ôç Ãåñìáíßá , ôçí Ïëëáíäßá , ôçí Áõóôñßá êáé ôç Öéëáíäßá .
In particular , on an annual basis the EUROSTAT estimates for 1997 are higher for Greece , Sweden and the United Kingdom and lower for Denmark , Germany , the Netherlands , Austria and Finland .
1.3 Åðéôåýãìáôá ùò ðñïò ôç ìáêñïïéêïíïìéêÞ óýãêëéóç Óýìöùíá ìå ôï ¢ ñèñï 109 É ( 1 ) ôçò ÓõíèÞêçò , óôï ôÝëïò Ìáñôßïõ 1998 ôï ÅÍÉ ðáñïõóßáóå óôï Óõìâïýëéï Ýêèåóç ó ÷ åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ðñüïäï ðïõ óçìåßùóáí ôá êñÜôçìÝëç ùò ðñïò ôçí åêðëÞñùóç ôùí õðï ÷ ñåþóåþí ôïõò ãéá ôçí åðßôåõîç ôçò ÏéêïíïìéêÞò êáé ÍïìéóìáôéêÞò ¸ íùóçò .
1.3 Achievements in macroeconomic convergence In accordance with Article 109j ( 1 ) of the Treaty , at the end of March 1998 the EMI presented its report to the EU Council on the progress made in the fulfilment by the Member States of their obligations regarding the achievement of Economic and Monetary Union .
Óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ÌáÀïõ 1998 ôï Óõìâïýëéï ôçò ÅÅ , óõíåñ ÷ üìåíï óå åðßðåäï Áñ ÷ çãþí Êñáôþí Þ ÊõâåñíÞóåùí , åðéâåâáßùóå ðïéá êñÜôç-ìÝëç ðëçñïýí ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò ðñïûðïèÝóåéò ãéá ôçí õéïèÝôçóç ôïõ åíéáßïõ íïìßóìáôïò .
In early May 1998 the EU Council , meeting in the composition of Heads of State or Government , confirmed which Member States had fulfilled the necessary conditions for the adoption of the single currency .
Ôï áðïôÝëåóìá ôçò óõíüäïõ áõôÞò ðáñïõóéÜæåôáé óôï Ðëáßóéï 2 .
The outcome of this meeting is reported in Box 2 .
Ç åîÝôáóç ôçò óýãêëéóçò åê ìÝñïõò ôïõ ÅÍÉ , óôá ðëáßóéá ôçò ïðïßáò åðéóêïðÞèçêáí êáé ïé åîåëßîåéò ôï 1997 , ðáñáôßèåôáé óõíïðôéêÜ óå ðáñÜñôçìá , ôï ïðïßï ðåñéÝ ÷ åé êáô  åðéëïãÞí áðïóðÜóìáôá áðü ôçí ÅéóáãùãÞ êáé ôçí Ðåñßëçøç ôçò ¸ êèåóçò ãéá ôç Óýãêëéóç .
A summary of the examination of convergence by the EMI , which included developments in 1997 , is provided in an annex , which contains selected parts of the Introduction and Summary of the Convergence Report .
Óôïé ÷ åßá ðïõ áöïñïýí ôá êñéôÞñéá óýãêëéóçò ôçò ÓõíèÞêçò ôïõ ÌÜáóôñé ÷ ô ( åêôüò áðü ôï êñéôÞñéï ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ) ðáñïõóéÜæïíôáé óôïí Ðßíáêá 5 .
Data relating to the Maastricht Treaty convergence criteria ( excluding the exchange rate criterion ) are shown in Table 5 . 26
Ðßíáêáò 5
Table 5