natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ðïñôïãáëßá : ÅîùôåñéêÝò åîåëßîåéò ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1990 Éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí óõí êßíçóç êåöáëáßùí ( â ) ÊáèáñÞ èåôéêÞ (+) Þ áñíçôéêÞ (-) åîùô . èÝóç ( ã ) ÅîáãùãÝò ( áãáèÜ êáé õðçñåóßåò )( ä ) ÅéóáãùãÝò ( áãáèÜ êáé õðçñåóßåò )( å ) 7,7 34,3 41,9 10,5 33,8 43,6 13,3 34,6 47,3 17,4 34,5 45,7 14,1 38,2 50,3 7,9 42,0 53,7 10,6 43,9 55,7 9,9 45,7 59,2 - 0,3 1991 - 0,9 1992 - 0,1 1993 0,1 1994 - 2,5 1995 - 0,2 1996 1997 ( á ) - 1,4 - 2,0
Current account plus new capital account ( b ) Net foreign assets (+) or liabilities (-) ( c ) Exports ( goods and services ) ( d ) Imports ( goods and services ) ( e ) 1990 - 0.3 7.7 34.3 41.9
Ãéá ôéò åîáãùãÝò - åéóáãùãÝò : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( ðñïâëÝøåéò Üíïéîçò 1998 ) . ( á ) Åí ìÝñåé êáô  åêôßìçóç .
1996 1997 ( a ) - 1.4 - 2.0 10.6 9.9 43.9 45.7 55.7 59.2 Source : National data except exports and imports ( European Commission , spring 1998 forecasts ) .
( ã ) ÄéåèíÞò åðåíäõôéêÞ èÝóç ( ÄÅÈ ) , üðùò ïñßæåôáé áðü ôï ÄÍÔ ( âë . Balance of Payments Yearbook , Part 1 , 1994 ) , Þ ôï ðëçóéÝóôåñï äõíáôü õðïêáôÜóôáôï .
( c ) International investment position ( IIP ) as defined by the IMF ( see Balance of Payments Yearbook , Part 1 , 1994 ) , or the close st possible substitute .
( ä ÅíäïêïéíïôéêÝò åîáãùãÝò åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí åèíéêþí åîáãùãþí áãáèþí , 1996 : 80,0% , Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook , 1997 , ÄÍÔ .
( d ) In 1996 the share of intra-EU exports of goods in total national exports of goods was 80.0% ; Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 1997 , IMF .
( å ) ÅíäïêïéíïôéêÝò åéóáãùãÝò åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí åèíéêþí åéóáãùãþí áãáèþí , 1996 : 75,7% , Direction Trade Statistics Yearbook , 1997 , ÄÍÔ .
( e ) In 1996 the share of intra-EU imports of goods in total national imports of goods was 75.7% ; Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 1997 , IMF .
Ðïñôïãáëßá : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ( åðß ôïéò åêáôü ) 1996 Ìáêñïðñüèåóìï åðéôüêéï ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ .
Portugal : Long-term interest rates ( percentages ) 1996 Long-term interest rate Reference value Source : European Commission .
ÄéÜãñáììá 6 ( á ) Ðïñôïãáëßá : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ( ìçíéáßïé ìÝóïé üñïé , ðïóïóôÜ åðß ôïéò åêáôü )
( a ) Portugal : Long-term interest rate ( monthly averages ; in percentages ) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
ÖÉËÁÍÄÉÁ Ç åîÝëéîç ôùí ôéìþí Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1997-ÉáíïõÜñéïò 1998 ) , ï ìÝóïò ñõèìüò ðëçèùñéóìïý âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ óôç Öéëáíäßá Þôáí 1,3% , äçë . áñêåôÜ êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 2,7% .
FINLAND Price developments Over the reference period from February 1997 to January 1998 the average rate of HICP inflation in Finland was 1.3% , i.e. well below the reference value of 2.7% .
Ôï 1996 ï ìÝóïò ñõèìüò ðëçèùñéóìïý âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ Þôáí 1,1% ( âë . Ðßíáêá 1 ) .
In 1996 average HICP inflation was 1.1% ( see Table 1 ) .
Áðü ôçí åîÝôáóç ôùí ìÝ ÷ ñé óÞìåñá åîåëßîåùí ðñïêýðôåé üôé ï ðëçèùñéóìüò ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ óôç Öéëáíäßá , üðùò ìåôñÜôáé âÜóåé ôïõ ÄÔÊ , åß ÷ å êáèïäéêÞ ôÜóç áðü ôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 . Áðü ôï 1993 ï ñõèìüò ðëçèùñéóìïý äéáìïñöþèçêå ðïëý êïíôÜ óôï 2 % Þ áñêåôÜ ÷ áìçëüôåñá ( âë .
Looking back , consumer price inflation in Finland , as measured on the basis of the CPI , has followed a downward trend since the early 1990s , with the rate having stood close to , or well below , 2 % since 1993 ( see Chart 1 ) .
Áðü ôï 1993 ï óêïðüò áõôüò Ý ÷ åé åíóùìáôùèåß óôéò ðñïóðÜèåéåò ãéá âáóéêü ðëçèùñéóìü ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ ãýñù óôï 2 %, êáé åäþ êáé ëßãï êáéñü ç åðßôåõîç ôïõ óêïðïý åðéäéþêåôáé óôï ðëáßóéï ôïõ ÌÓÉ .
Since 1993 this objective has been enshrined in a target of around 2 % for the underlying rate of consumer price inflation and it has most recently been pursued within the framework of the ERM .
Áõôüò ï ãåíéêüò ðñïóáíáôïëéóìüò åíéó ÷ ýèçêå , ìåôáîý Üëëùí , áðü ðñïóáñìïãÝò óôç äçìïóéïíïìéêÞ ðïëéôéêÞ êáé áðü ôïí áõîçìÝíï áíôáãùíéóìü óå ôïìåßò Üëëïôå ðñïóôáôåõìÝíïõò , ãåãïíüò ðïõ óõíäÝåôáé êáé ìå ôçí Ýíôáîç ôçò Öéëáíäßáò óôçí ÅÅ ôï 1995 .
This general orientation has been supported by , inter alia , adjustments in fiscal policy and enhanced competition in formerly protected sectors of the economy , linked also to Finland s accession to the EU in 1995 .
Åéäéêüôåñá , óôï ðëáßóéï ôçò äñáìáôéêÞò ðôþóçò ôçò ðáñáãùãÞò ìåôáîý 1990 êáé 1993 , ðñïÝêõøå ìåãÜëï áñíçôéêü ðáñáãùãéêü êåíü ( âë . Ðßíáêá 2 ) .
In particular , in the context of the dramatic fall in output between 1990 and 1993 , a large negative output gap emerged ( see Table 2 ) .
Áðü ôï 1994 ðáñáôçñåßôáé Ýíôïíç áíÜêáìøç êáé ôï ðáñáãùãéêü êåíü ðåñéïñßóôçêå .
Since 1994 a robust recovery has been under way and the output gap has narrowed .
Ìå áõôÜ ôá äåäïìÝíá , ïé ìéóèïëïãéêÝò áõîÞóåéò áíÜ áðáó ÷ ïëïýìåíï óçìåßùóáí Üíïäï ôçí ðåñßïäï 1994-95 .
Against this background , growth in compensation per employee picked up in 1994-95 .
× áìçëïß ñõèìïß ðëçèùñéóìïý ðñïêýðôïõí åðßóçò áðü Üëëïõò óõíáöåßò äåßêôåò ôéìþí ( âë . Ðßíáêá 2 ) .
Low rates of inflation are also apparent when it is measured in terms of other relevant price indices ( see Table 2 ) .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ ôéò ðñüóöáôåò ôÜóåéò êáé ðñïâëÝøåéò , ôá ôåëåõôáßá äéáèÝóéìá óôïé ÷ åßá ãéá ôïí ðëçèùñéóìü , ìå âÜóç ôï äùäåêÜìçíï ñõèìü áýîçóçò ôïõ äåßêôç ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ , åìöáíßæïõí ìéêñÞ Üíïäï ôïõ ñõèìïý ðñïò ôï 2 % êáé , âÜóåé ôùí äåéêôþí ðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé óôïí Ðßíáêá 3á , õðÜñ ÷ ïõí ìåñéêÝò åíäåßîåéò üôé èá áóêçèïýí Üìåóåò áíïäéêÝò ðéÝóåéò .
Looking at recent trends and forecasts , current outturns for consumer price inflation ( measured as a percentage change over the corresponding month a year earlier ) have been increasing slightly towards 2 % and there are some signs of immediate upward pressure on the basis of the measures shown in Table 3a .
Ãéá ôï 1998 êáé ôï 1999 ðñïâëÝðïíôáé ñõèìïß ðëçèùñéóìïý 2-2 , 5 % ( âë . Ðßíáêá 3â ) .
Forecasts of inflation suggest a rate of 2-2‰ % for 1998 and 1999 ( see Table 3b ) .
Åîßóïõ óçìáíôéêü èá åßíáé íá éó ÷ õñïðïéçèïýí ïé åèíéêÝò ðïëéôéêÝò ðïõ áðïâëÝðïõí óôçí åíßó ÷ õóç ôïõ 251 áíôáãùíéóìïý óôéò áãïñÝò ðñïúüíôùí êáé óôç âåëôßùóç ôçò ëåéôïõñãßáò ôùí áãïñþí åñãáóßáò , ëáìâáíïìÝíïõ õðüøç ôïõ óçìåñéíïý õøçëïý ðïóïóôïý áíåñãßáò óôç Öéëáíäßá .
it will be equally important to strengthen national policies aimed at enhancing competition in product markets and improving the functioning of labour markets against the background of the current high rate of unemployment in Finland .
ÄçìïóéïíïìéêÝò åîåëßîåéò Óôï Ýôïò áíáöïñÜò 1997 , ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò Þôáí 0,9% , äçë . áñêåôÜ êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 3 %, êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò Þôáí 55,8% , äçë .
Fiscal developments In the reference year 1997 the general government deficit ratio was 0.9% , i.e. well below the 3 % reference value , and the debt ratio was 55.8% , i.e. below the 60 % reference value .
êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 60 %. Óå óýãêñéóç ìå ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï Ýôïò , ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò ìåéþèçêå êáôÜ 2,4 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò êáôÜ 1,8 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò .
Compared with the previous year , the deficit ratio has been reduced by 2.4 percentage points and the debt ratio has decreased by 1.8 percentage points .
Ôï 1998 áíáìÝíåôáé ðëåüíáóìá 0,3% ôïõ ÁÅÐ , åíþ ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ðñïâëÝðåôáé íá ìåéùèåß óôï 53,6% .
In 1998 a surplus of 0.3% of GDP is 231 expected , while the debt ratio is projected to decrease to 53.6% .
Åíþ ôï 1996 ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò õðåñÝâç ôï ëüãï ôùí äáðáíþí äçìüóéùí åðåíäýóåùí ðñïò ôï ÁÅÐ , ôï 1997 Þôáí ÷ áìçëüôåñïò ( âë . Ðßíáêá 4 ) .
Whereas in 1996 the deficit ratio exceeded the ratio of public investment expenditure to GDP , in 1997 it was below it ( see Table 4 ) .
Áðü ôçí åîÝôáóç ôùí åôþí 1990-1997 ðñïêýðôåé üôé óôç Öéëáíäßá ï ëüãïò ÷ ñÝïõò / ÁÅÐ áõîÞèçêå êáôÜ 41,3 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò .
Looking back over the years 1990 to 1997 , the Finnish debt-to-GDP ratio increased by 41.3 percentage points ;
Áñ ÷ éêÜ ç êáôÜóôáóç ôùí äçìüóéùí ïéêïíïìéêþí ôçò Öéëáíäßáò åðéäåéíþèçêå áðüôïìá êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò áõîÞèçêå áðü 14,5% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôï 1990 óå 59,6% ôï 1994 .
initially the situation of Finland s government finances deteriorated sharply , and the debt ratio rose from 14.5% of GDP in 1990 to 59.6% in 1994 .
Áêïëïýèùò , ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìåéþèçêå óôï 55,8% ( âë . ÄéÜãñáììá 2á ) .
Thereafter , the debt ratio declined to 55.8% ( see Chart 2a ) .
¼ ðùò áðåéêïíßæåôáé ëåðôïìåñÝóôåñá óôï ÄéÜãñáììá 2â , óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 ôï äõóìåíÝò ðåñéâÜëëïí áðü ðëåõñÜò ïéêïíïìéêÞò áíÜðôõîçò êáé åðéôïêßùí , ðïõ áíôáíáêëÜ ôçí ðôþóç ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôçò Öéëáíäßáò êáôÜ 13 % óå äéÜóôçìá ôñéþí åôþí , êáèþò êáé ç ÷ åéñïôÝñåõóç ôïõ ðñùôïãåíïýò áðïôåëÝóìáôïò , óõíÝâáëáí óôçí áýîçóç ôïõ äçìüóéïõ ÷ ñÝïõò .
As is shown in greater detail in Chart 2b , in the early 1990s both an unfavourable growth and interest rate environment , reflecting a fall in Finland s GDP of 13 % over three years , and a deteriorating primary balance played a role in increasing government debt .
Åíôïýôïéò , üðùò áíôéêáôïðôñßæåôáé óôï ëåãüìåíï  êïíäýëéï ðñïóáñìïãÞò ìåôáâëçôþí ñïÞò êáé ìåôáâëçôþí áðïèÝìáôïò  ôïõ äçìüóéïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ç ïéêïíïìéêÞ åíßó ÷ õóç ðïõ äüèçêå óôïí ôñáðåæéêü ôïìÝá êáé ç áíáðñïóáñìïãÞ ôïõ 252 äçìüóéïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ðïõ åßíáé åêöñáóìÝíï óå îÝíï íüìéóìá ìåôÜ ôç óçìáíôéêÞ õðïôßìçóç ôïõ öéëáíäéêïý ìÜñêïõ ìåôáîý 1991 êáé 1993 åß ÷ áí éäéáßôåñá éó ÷ õñü áíôßêôõðï .
However , as is reflected in the so-called stock-flow adjustment item of public debt , the financial support granted to the banking sector and the revaluation of foreign currency denominated government debt after the sizable depreciation of the Finnish markka between 1991 and 1993 had the strongest impact .
ÌåôÜ ôçí éóïóêÝëéóç ôïõ ðñïûðïëïãéóìïý ôï 1995 , ôï ðñùôïãåíÝò ðëåüíáóìá Üñ ÷ éóå áêïëïýèùò íá áõîÜíåôáé , áíôéóôáèìßæïíôáò Ýôóé ôçí áýîçóç ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ðïõ ðñïêëÞèçêå áðü ôï ìáêñïïéêïíïìéêü ðåñéâÜëëïí êáé ôéò ðåñáéôÝñù ðñïóáñìïãÝò ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí ñïÞò êáé ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí áðïèÝìáôïò ôï 1997 .
Having reached a balanced position in 1995 , the primary surplus started to increase thereafter , thereby compensating for the debt-increasing effects resulting from the macroeconomic environment and further stock-flow adjustments in 1997 .
Ç ìÝ ÷ ñé óÞìåñá åîÝëéîç óôç äåêáåôßá ôïõ 1990 áðåéêïíßæåé ôçí éó ÷ õñÞ åðßäñáóç ðïõ ìðïñåß íá Ý ÷ ïõí óôï ëüãï ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò Ýêôáêôá ãåãïíüôá óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôç óïâáñÞ åðéäåßíùóç ôïõ ìáêñïïéêïíïìéêïý ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò , éäßùò åÜí ôá ðñùôïãåíÞ áðïôåëÝóìáôá äåí âåëôéùèïýí Ýãêáéñá þóôå íá áíôéóôáèìßóïõí áõôÞ ôçí åðßäñáóç .
The pattern observed thus far during the 1990s is an illustration of the powerful effects which exceptional events combined with a strong deterioration in the macroeconomic environment can have on the debt ratio , particularly if the primary balance does not improve promptly so as to counterbalance such effects .
Ó  áõôü ôï ðëáßóéï , õðåíèõìßæåôáé üôé ôï ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìå ìéêñÞ åíáðïìÝíïõóá äéÜñêåéá åìöÜíéóå áõîçôéêÞ ôÜóç êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , åíþ ç ìÝóç äéÜñêåéá ðáñÝìåéíå ðåñßðïõ óôáèåñÞ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 5 ) .
In this context , it may be noted that the share of debt with a short-term residual maturity has tended to increase during the 1990s , while the average maturity has remained broadly stable ( see Table 5 ) .
Ôï 1997 , ôï ðïóïóôü ôïõ áêáèÜñéóôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìå ìéêñÞ åíáðïìÝíïõóá äéÜñêåéá åßíáé áîéïóçìåßùôï .
With regard to 1997 , the proportion of gross debt with a short-term residual maturity is noticeable .
Óôç äåêáåôßá ôïõ 1990 ï ëüãïò åëëåßììáôïò / ÁÅÐ ðáñïõóßáóå áñ ÷ éêÜ áðüôïìç ÷ åéñïôÝñåõóç êáé áêïëïýèùò âåëôéþèçêå .
During the 1990s a pattern of first sharply deteriorating and subsequently improving outturns can be observed in the deficit-toGDP ratio .
Îåêéíþíôáò áðü Ýíá ðëåüíáóìá 5,4% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôï 1990 , ðñïÝêõøå Ýëëåéììá ôï 1991 êáé áõîÞèçêå ôá ÷ Ýùò öèÜíïíôáò óôï áíþôáôï óçìåßï ôïõ 8,0% ôï 1993 .
Starting from a surplus of 5.4% of GDP in 1990 , a deficit emerged in 1991 and increased quickly to reach a peak of 8.0% in 1993 ;
Áðü ôüôå , áêïëïýèçóå ðôùôéêÞ ðïñåßá áðü Ýôïò óå Ýôïò êáé äéáìïñöþèçêå óôï 0,9% ôï 1997 ( âë .
since then , the deficit has declined year by year to stand at 0.9% in 1997 ( see Chart 3a ) .
¼ ðùò öáßíåôáé ëåðôïìåñÝóôåñá óôï ÄéÜãñáììá 3â , ôï ïðïßï åðéêåíôñþíåôáé óôéò ìåôáâïëÝò ôùí åëëåéììÜôùí , ïé êõêëéêïß ðáñÜãïíôåò äéáäñáìÜôéóáí êõñßáñ ÷ ï ñüëï óôçí áýîçóç ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò ìÝ ÷ ñé ôï 1993 êáé óôç ìåôÝðåéôá ìåßùóÞ ôïõ .
As is shown in greater detail in Chart 3b , which focuses on changes in deficits , cyclical factors dominated the increase in the deficit until 1993 and its decrease thereafter .
Ôá äéáèÝóéìá óôïé ÷ åßá õðïäçëþíïõí üôé ôá ìÝôñá ðïõ åëÞöèçóáí óôï ðëáßóéï ôçò öïñïëïãéêÞò ìåôáññýèìéóçò ôïõ 1993 ïäÞãçóáí óå  åöÜðáî  áýîçóç ôùí åóüäùí ôï 1997 , ç ïðïßá åêôéìÜôáé üôé èá áíÝëèåé óå 0,6% ôïõ ÁÅÐ .
Evidence available suggests that measures taken in the context of the 1993 tax reform led to a one-off increase in revenues in 1997 , estimated to amount to 0.6% of GDP .
Ìå äåäïìÝíç ôçí õøçëÞ êáé áõîáíüìåíç áíåñãßá , äéïãêþèçêáí ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò õðü ìïñöÞ äáðáíþí êïéíùíéêÞò áóöÜëéóçò êáé , åîáéôßáò ôçò ôá ÷ åßáò áíüäïõ ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ïé ðëçñùìÝò ôüêùí áõîÞèçêáí åðßóçò óçìáíôéêÜ ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ , åíþ ç äçìüóéá êáôáíÜëùóç áõîÞèçêå êõñßùò ëüãù ôçò ðôþóçò ôïõ ÁÅÐ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 6 ) .
Against the background of high and rising unemployment current transfers in the form of social security payments increased steeply , and , owing to the rapid increase in the debt ratio , interest payments also surged as a percentage of GDP , while public consumption increased mostly as a result of the decline in GDP ( see Table 6 ) .
ÌåôÜ ôï 1993 , ï ëüãïò ôùí óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí ìåéþèçêå åöüóïí ìåéþèçêáí üëåò ïé êáôçãïñßåò äáðáíþí ìå åîáßñåóç ôéò äáðÜíåò ãéá ôüêïõò .
After 1993 the total expenditure ratio declined as a consequence of a reduction in all expenditure categories with the exception of interest payments .
Ï ëüãïò ôùí äáðáíþí ôï 1997 Þôáí ðåñßðïõ 8 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò õøçëüôåñïò áðü ü , ôé óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , áíôáíáêëþíôáò ôçí Üíïäï ôïõ ëüãïõ óå üëåò ôéò óçìáíôéêÝò êáôçãïñßåò åêôüò ôùí êáèáñþí êåöáëáéáêþí äáðáíþí êáé ôçò äçìüóéáò êáôáíÜëùóçò .
The expenditure ratio in 1997 was nearly 8 percentage points higher than at the beginning of the 1990s , reflecting higher ratios for all major items except net capital expenditure and public consumption .
Ìå äåäïìÝíç áõôÞ ôçí åîÝëéîç êáé åí üøåé ôüóï ôïõ üôé ïé ðëçñùìÝò ôüêùí Ý ÷ ïõí áõîçèåß ðáñÜëëçëá ìå ôïí õøçëüôåñï ëüãï ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò üóï êáé ôïõ üôé ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâáóôéêÝò ðëçñùìÝò åîáêïëïõèïýí íá õðåñâáßíïõí áñêåôÜ ôï åðßðåäï ôïõ 1990 , ç äéáôÞñçóç ôçò êáèïäéêÞò ôÜóçò ôùí óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí ùò ðïóïóôïý ôïõ ÁÅÐ öáßíåôáé íá áðáéôåß íá äïèåß ìåãáëýôåñç Ýìöáóç óôéò ðñïóáñìïãÝò ôùí ôñå ÷ ïõóþí ìåôáâéâáóôéêþí ðëçñùìþí .
Given this pattern and taking into account both that interest payments have increased in line with the higher debt ratio and that current transfers are still well above the level observed in 1990 , a continuation of the downward trend of total expenditure to GDP would seem to require greater emphasis to be placed on adjustments in current transfers .
Ôá äçìüóéá Ýóïäá ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ áõîÞèçêáí ìÝ ÷ ñé ôï 1992 êáé áðü ôüôå åìöÜíéóáí êáèïäéêÞ ôÜóç .
Government revenue increased in relation to GDP until 1992 , since when it has tended to decline .
Óýìöùíá ìå ôç ìåóïðñüèåóìç óôñáôçãéêÞ äçìïóéïíïìéêÞò ðïëéôéêÞò ôçò Öéëáíäßáò , üðùò ðáñïõóéÜæåôáé óôï Ðñüãñáììá Óýãêëéóçò 1998-2001 , ðïõ äçìïóéåýèçêå ôï ÓåðôÝìâñéï 1997 , ôï 1998 áíáìÝíåôáé üôé ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò èá åßíáé ó ÷ åäüí éóïóêåëéóìÝíïò êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò èá ìåéùèåß .
According to the Finnish medium-term fiscal policy strategy , as presented in the Convergence Programme for 1998-2001 dated September 1997 , the general government financial position is expected to be close to balance in 1998 and the debt ratio is expected to decline .
Ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò ãéá ôï 1998 åßíáé óýìöùíïò ìå ôï ðñüãñáììá .
The budget for 1998 is in line with the programme .
ÐñïâëÝðïíôáé ðëåïíÜóìáôá áðü ôï 1998 êáé ìåôÜ êáé áíáìÝíåôáé üôé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò èá åîáêïëïõèÞóåé íá ìåéþíåôáé .
Surpluses are projected from 1998 onwards and the debt ratio is expected to continue to decline .
Ùò ðñïò ôçí åîÝëéîç ôùí äçìïóéïíïìéêþí åëëåéììÜôùí êáé ôùí ëüãùí ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ïé óçìåñéíÝò ðñïâëÝøåéò åßíáé ðéï åõíïúêÝò áðü ôçí áíáèåþñçóç , ôï 1997 , ôïõ ÐñïãñÜììáôïò Óýãêëéóçò .
With regard to the development of fiscal deficits and debt ratios , current projections are more favourable than the 1997 update of the Convergence Programme .
ÅÜí ôá äçìïóéïíïìéêÜ áðïôåëÝóìáôá äéáìïñöùèïýí ôåëéêÜ üðùò ðñïâëÝðåôáé óôï Ðñüãñáììá Óýãêëéóçò 1999-2000 , ç Öéëáíäßá èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé óå èÝóç íá óõììïñöùèåß ìå ôï ìåóïðñüèåóìï óôü ÷ ï ôïõ Óõìöþíïõ Óôáèåñüôçôáò êáé ÁíÜðôõîçò , ôï ïðïßï èá áñ ÷ ßóåé íá éó ÷ ýåé áðü ôï 1999 .
If fiscal balances turn out as projected in the Convergence Programme for 1999-2000 , Finland should comply with the medium-term objective of the Stability and Growth Pact , effective from 1999 onwards , of having a budgetary position that is close to balance or in surplus .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ ôç äõíçôéêÞ ìåëëïíôéêÞ ðïñåßá ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ç ¸ êèåóç ôïõ ÅÍÉ äåí åîåôÜæåé áõôü ôï èÝìá ëåðôïìåñþò ãéá ôéò ÷ þñåò ôùí ïðïßùí ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò åßíáé ÷ áìçëüôåñïò áðü ôï 60 % ôïõ ÁÅÐ .
With regard to the potential future course of the debt ratio , the EMI s Report does not consider this issue in detail for those countries with a debt ratio of below 60 % of GDP .
Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç ôçò Öéëáíäßáò öáßíåôáé üôé ìðïñåß íá åðéôåõ ÷ èåß ìéá ðåñáéôÝñù ìåßùóç ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò óå åðßðåäá áñêåôÜ êÜôù áðü ôï 60 %, åÜí ôçñçèïýí ïé óçìåñéíÝò ðñïâëÝøåéò ôïõ ðñïûðïëïãéóìïý .
In the case of Finland it would appear that a further reduction in the debt ratio to levels of well below 60 % can be achieved if current budgetary plans are maintained .
¼ ðùò ôïíßæåôáé óôïí Ðßíáêá 7 , áðü ôï Ýôïò 2010 ðåñßðïõ êáé Ýðåéôá áíáìÝíåôáé óçìáíôéêÞ ãÞñáíóç ôïõ ðëçèõóìïý .
As is highlighted in Table 7 , from around 2010 onwards a marked ageing of the population is expected .
Ç ìåßùóç ôçò óõíïëéêÞò åðéâÜñõíóçò ëüãù ôçò ãÞñáíóçò ôïõ ðëçèõóìïý åßíáé 254 åõêïëüôåñç üóï êáëýôåñç èá åßíáé ç êáôÜóôáóç ôùí äçìüóéùí ïéêïíïìéêþí üôáí èá åðéäåéíùèåß ôï äçìïãñáöéêü .
Alleviation of the overall burden of population ageing will be facilitated to a greater degree the better the state of public finances when the demographic situation worsens .
Ç åîÝëéîç ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Ôï öéëáíäéêü ìÜñêï óõììåôÝ ÷ åé óôï ÌÓÉ áðü ôéò 14 Ïêôùâñßïõ 1996 , äçë . ãéá ðåñßðïõ 16 ìÞíåò ôçò äéåôïýò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( ÌÜñôéïò 1996 - ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1998 ) ðñéí áðü ôçí åîÝôáóç áðü ôï ÅÍÉ ( âë .
Exchange rate developments The Finnish markka has been participating in the ERM since 14 October 1996 , i.e. for around 16 months of the two-year reference period ( from March 1996 to February 1998 ) prior to the examination by the EMI ( see Table 8a ) .
¼ ðùò ðñïáíáöÝñèçêå , ôï 1993 ç öéëáíäéêÞ íïìéóìáôéêÞ ðïëéôéêÞ õéïèÝôçóå ôç óôáèåñüôçôá ôùí ôéìþí ùò ðñùôáñ ÷ éêü óêïðü ôçò , ï ïðïßïò åäþ êáé ëßãï êáéñü åðéäéþêåôáé óôï ðëáßóéï ôïõ ÌÓÉ .
As mentioned above , in 1993 Finnish monetary policy adopted price 233 stability as its primary objective , which has most recently been pursued within the context of the ERM .
Óôçí áñ ÷ Þ ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò , ôï öéëáíäéêü ìÜñêï , ðñéí åíôá ÷ èåß óôï ÌÓÉ , áñ ÷ éêÜ óõíÝ ÷ éóå ôçí ðôùôéêÞ ðïñåßá ôïõ , ç ïðïßá åß ÷ å ãßíåé ðñïöáíÞò êáôÜ ôïõò áìÝóùò ðñïçãïýìåíïõò ìÞíåò , ïðüôå åß ÷ å áíáêïðåß ç ãéá ìåãáëýôåñï ÷ ñïíéêü äéÜóôçìá áíïäéêÞ êßíçóç ðïõ åß ÷ å ðáñáôçñçèåß áðü ôï 1993 .
At the beginning of the reference period , before it joined the ERM , the markka initially continued its weakening movement apparent over the previous few months , which had interrupted the longer-term upward movement since 1993 .
Ôï íüìéóìá Ýöèáóå óôç ìÝãéóôç ðñïò ôá êÜôù áðüêëéóç 6,5% óå ó ÷ Ýóç ìå ôç ìåôÝðåéôá êåíôñéêÞ éóïôéìßá ôïõ Ýíáíôé åíüò íïìßóìáôïò óôï ÌÓÉ ôïí Áðñßëéï 1996 .
It reached a maximum downward deviation of 6.5% below its future central rate against one ERM currency in April 1996 .
Áðü ôüôå ðïõ åíôÜ ÷ èçêå óôï ÌÓÉ ôïí Ïêôþâñéï 1996 , ôï öéëáíäéêü ìÜñêï êáôÜ êáíüíá êéíÞèçêå êïíôÜ óôéò êåíôñéêÝò ôïõ éóïôéìßåò Ýíáíôé ôùí Üëëùí íïìéóìÜôùí ôïõ ÌÓÉ ( âë .
Since joining the ERM in October 1996 the markka has normally traded close to its central rates against other ERM currencies ( see Chart 5 and Table 8a ) .
Ïé ìÝãéóôåò ðñïò ôá Üíù êáé ðñïò ôá êÜôù áðïêëßóåéò áðü ôéò êåíôñéêÝò éóïôéìßåò , ìå âÜóç ôïõò êéíçôïýò ìÝóïõò 10 åñãÜóéìùí çìåñþí , Þôáí 3,6% êáé - 1,1% áíôßóôïé ÷ á , ìå åîáßñåóç ôçí áõôüíïìç áíïäéêÞ ôÜóç ôçò ëßñáò Éñëáíäßáò ( âë . Ðßíáêá 8á ) .
The maximum upward and downward deviations from central rates , on the basis of 10 business day moving averages , were 3.6% and - 1.1% respectively , abstracting from the autonomous upward trend of the Irish pound ( see Table 8a ) .
åðåéóüäéá êáôÜ ôá ïðïßá óõíÝâçóáí áõôÝò ïé áðïêëßóåéò Þôáí ðñïóùñéíÜ , ï ó ÷ åôéêÜ õøçëüò âáèìüò ìåôáâëçôüôçôáò ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Ýíáíôé ôïõ ãåñìáíéêïý ìÜñêïõ ðïõ ðáñáôçñÞèçêå êáôÜ ðåñéüäïõò ìåéþèçêå óå ÷ áìçëÜ åðßðåäá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( âë . Ðßíáêá 8â ) êáé ïé äéáöïñÝò ôùí âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí Ýíáíôé ôùí ÷ ùñþí ôçò ÅÅ ìå ôá ÷ áìçëüôåñá âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá Þôáí áóÞìáíôåò .
The episodes in which such deviations occurred were temporary , the relatively high degree of exchange rate volatility vis - - vis the Deutsche Mark observed in specific periods declined to low levels over the reference period ( see Table 8b ) and short-term interest rate differentials against those EU countries with the lowest short-term interest rates were insignificant .
Áðü ðéï ìáêñïðñüèåóìç óêïðéÜ , ìåôñïýìåíåò âÜóåé ôùí ðñáãìáôéêþí óôáèìéóìÝíùí óõíáëëáãìáôéêþí éóïôéìéþí , ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò ôïõ öéëáíäéêïý ìÜñêïõ Ýíáíôé ôùí Üëëùí íïìéóìÜôùí ôïõ ÌÓÉ õðïäçëþíïõí üôé âñßóêåôáé óå êÜðùò ÷ áìçëüôåñá åðßðåäá áðü åêåßíá ðïõ Ý ÷ ïõí êáôÜ êáéñïýò óçìåéùèåß , âÜóåé ôùí ìáêñïðñüèåóìùí ìÝóùí üñùí êáé ôùí ôéìþí ôïõ Ýôïõò 1987 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 9 ) .
In a longer-term context , when measured in terms of real effective exchange rates , current exchange rates of the Finnish markka against other ERM participating currencies suggest that the currency is somewhat below historical values based on long-term averages and on the year 1987 ( see Table 9 ) .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ Üëëåò åîùôåñéêÝò åîåëßîåéò , áðü ôï 1994 ôï éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí ðáñïõóéÜæåé óçìáíôéêÜ ðëåïíÜóìáôá , ôá ïðïßá Ý ÷ ïõí ìåéþóåé ôç ìåãÜëç áñíçôéêÞ êáèáñÞ åîùôåñéêÞ èÝóç , ç ïðïßá ðñïÝêõøå ùò áðïôÝëåóìá ôçò óõóóþñåõóçò åëëåéììÜôùí åðß áñêåôÝò äåêáåôßåò ( âë . Ðßíáêá 10 ) .
With regard to other external developments , sizable current account surpluses have been recorded since 1994 , which have reduced the large net external liability position which occurred as a result of the accumulation of deficit positions over several decades ( see Table 10 ) .
Õðåíèõìßæåôáé åðßóçò üôé ç Öéëáíäßá äéáèÝôåé ìéá ìéêñÞ áíïéêôÞ ïéêïíïìßá , ç ïðïßá , óýìöùíá ìå ôá ðéï ðñüóöáôá óôïé ÷ åßá , Ý ÷ åé ëüãï åîùôåñéêïý åìðïñßïõ / ÁÅÐ 37 % ãéá ôéò åîáãùãÝò êáé 29 % ãéá ôéò åéóáãùãÝò êáé ôï ðïóïóôü åíäïêïéíïôéêïý åìðïñßïõ åßíáé 53 % ãéá ôéò åîáãùãÝò êáé 59 % ãéá ôéò åéóáãùãÝò .
It may also be recalled that Finland is a small open economy with , according to the most recent data , a ratio of foreign trade to GDP of 37 % for exports and 29 % for imports , and a share of intra-EU trade of 53 % for exports and 59 % for imports .
H åîÝëéîç ôùí ìáêñïðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1997-ÉáíïõÜñéïò 1998 ) ôá ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá óôç Öéëáíäßá Þôáí 5,9% óå ìÝóï üñï , ÷ áìçëüôåñá áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 7,8% ôïõ êñéôçñßïõ ãéá ôá åðéôüêéá , ç ïðïßá ïñßæåôáé âÜóåé ôùí ôñéþí Êñáôþí-Ìåëþí ìå ôéò êáëýôåñåò åðéäüóåéò áðü Üðïøç óôáèåñüôçôáò ôéìþí .
Long-term interest rate developments Over the reference period from February 1997 to January 1998 long-term interest rates in Finland were 5.9% on average , and thus stood below the reference value for the interest rate criterion of 7.8% set on the basis of the three best-performing Member States in terms of price stability .