natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
¼ óïí áöïñÜ ôéò ôÜóåéò Üëëùí äçìïóéïíïìéêþí äåéêôþí , üðùò öáßíåôáé êáé óôï ÄéÜãñáììá 4 , ï ëüãïò ôùí óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí ôïõ åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá áõîÞèçêå ìåôáîý 1990 êáé 1993 .
Moving on to examine trends in other fiscal indicators , it can be seen from Chart 4 that the general government total expenditure ratio rose between 1990 and 1993 .
Ëüãù ôçò áíüäïõ ôçò áíåñãßáò , áõîÞèçêáí ôüóï ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò ðñïò ôá íïéêïêõñéÜ üóï êáé ç äçìüóéá êáôáíÜëùóç ( âë . Ðßíáêá 6 ) .
Against the background of rising unemployment both current transfers to households and public consumption 263 increased ( see Table 6 ) .
ÌåôÜ ôï 1993 , ï ëüãïò ôùí óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí ðñïò ôï ÁÅÐ ìåéþèçêå , áíôáíáêëþíôáò ôçí ðåñéêïðÞ ôùí ôñå ÷ ïõóþí ìåôáâéâÜóåùí , ôçò äçìüóéáò êáôáíÜëùóçò êáé ôùí êáèáñþí êåöáëáéáêþí äáðáíþí ùò ðñïò ôï ÁÅÐ .
After 1993 the ratio of total expenditure to GDP declined , reflecting a reduction in current transfers , public consumption and net capital expenditure relative to GDP ;
Ïé äáðÜíåò ãéá ôüêïõò Üñ ÷ éóáí íá ìåéþíïíôáé ìüëéò ôï 1997 .
interest payments started to decline only in 1997 .
Ï óõíïëéêüò ëüãïò ôùí äáðáíþí ôï 1997 åðáíÞëèå ðåñßðïõ óôï åðßðåäï ôïõ 1990 , áí êáé ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò åßíáé ðëÝïí õøçëüôåñåò ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ êáé ïé êáèáñÝò êåöáëáéáêÝò äáðÜíåò ÷ áìçëüôåñåò .
The overall expenditure ratio in 1997 has returned broadly to the level observed in 1990 , although current transfers are now higher as a percentage of GDP and net capital expenditures are lower .
Ìå äåäïìÝíç ôç äéáäï ÷ éêÞ ìåßùóç ôùí êáèáñþí êåöáëáéáêþí äáðáíþí êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , ãéá íá óõíå ÷ ßóåé ôçí ðôùôéêÞ ôïõ ðïñåßá ï ëüãïò ôùí óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí ðñïò ôï ÁÅÐ , èá áðáéôçèïýí ìåãáëýôåñåò ðñïóáñìïãÝò óå êïíäýëéá üðùò ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò êáé ç äçìüóéá êáôáíÜëùóç .
Given the successive reduction in net capital expenditure during the 1990s , a continuation of the downward trend of total expenditure to GDP would require greater adjustments in items such as current transfers and public consumption .
ÐáñÜëëçëá , ôá äçìüóéá Ýóïäá óå ó ÷ Ýóç ìå ôï ÁÅÐ ðáñïõóßáóáí ðôùôéêÞ ôÜóç Ýùò ôï 1993 , óôç óõíÝ ÷ åéá Üñ ÷ éóáí íá áõîÜíïíôáé êáé Ýöèáóáí ôï 1997 êïíôÜ óôï åðßðåäï ôïõ 1990 .
Meanwhile , government revenue in relation to GDP tended to decline until 1993 , and thereafter started to increase , to reach a level in 1997 which was close to that observed in 1990 .
Óýìöùíá ìå ôç ìåóïðñüèåóìç óôñáôçãéêÞ äçìïóéïíïìéêÞò ðïëéôéêÞò ôïõ ÇíùìÝíïõ Âáóéëåßïõ , üðùò ðáñïõóéÜóôçêå óôï Ðñüãñáììá Óýãêëéóçò ôï ÓåðôÝìâñéï 1997 , ôï ïðïßï êáëýðôåé ôçí ðåñßïäï Ýùò ôï ïéêïíïìéêü Ýôïò 2001/2002 , ç êáèïäéêÞ ðïñåßá ôùí ëüãùí ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò êáé ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ðñïâëÝðåôáé íá óõíå ÷ éóôåß ôï 1998 êáé ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò èá åßíáé ó ÷ åäüí éóïóêåëéóìÝíïò ôï ïéêïíïìéêü Ýôïò 1998-99 .
According to the United Kingdom s medium-term fiscal policy strategy , as presented in the September 1997 Convergence Programme covering the period up to the financial year 2001/02 , a declining trend in deficit and debt ratios is projected to continue in 1998 , with a position close to balance being reached in the financial year 1998/99 .
Ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò ãéá ôï 1998 åßíáé åíáñìïíéóìÝíïò ìå ôï ðñüãñáììá .
The budget for 1998 is in line with the programme .
åíäåßîåéò üôé ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò ôïõ 1998 ðåñéëáìâÜíåé óçìáíôéêÜ ìÝôñá ìå ðñïóùñéíÞ åðßäñáóç .
Currently , there is no evidence of significant measures with a temporary effect in the 1998 budget .
Ãéá ôï ïéêïíïìéêü Ýôïò 2000/2001 ðñïâëÝðåôáé ðëåüíáóìá 0,5 - 1,5% êáé ðåñáéôÝñù ìåßùóç ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò .
For the financial year 2000 / 01 a surplus of 0.5 - 1.5% is foreseen , and a further decline in the debt ratio is envisaged .
ÅÜí ôá äçìïóéïíïìéêÜ áðïôåëÝóìáôá áðïâïýí óýìöùíá ìå ôï Ðñüãñáììá Óýãêëéóçò , ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé óå èÝóç íá óõììïñöùèåß ìå ôï ìåóïðñüèåóìï óôü ÷ ï ôïõ Óõìöþíïõ Óôáèåñüôçôáò êáé ÁíÜðôõîçò ðïõ èá ôåèåß óå éó ÷ ý áðü ôï 1999 . ÂÜóåé ôïõ óôü ÷ ïõ áõôïý ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ðåñßðïõ éóïóêåëéóìÝíïò Þ ðëåïíáóìáôéêüò .
If fiscal balances turn out as projected in the Convergence Programme , the United Kingdom should comply with the mediumterm objective of the Stability and Growth Pact , effective from 1999 onwards , of having a budgetary position that is close to balance or in surplus .
ÁíáöïñéêÜ ìå ôç äõíçôéêÞ ìåëëïíôéêÞ ðïñåßá ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ç ¸ êèåóç ôïõ ÅÍÉ äåí åîåôÜæåé ëåðôïìåñþò ôéò ÷ þñåò ìå ðïóïóôü ÷ ñÝïõò ÷ áìçëüôåñï áðü 60 % ôïõ ÁÅÐ .
With regard to the potential future course of the debt ratio , the EMI s Report does not 264 consider this issue in detail for those countries with a debt ratio of below 60 % of GDP .
Ùóôüóï , ïé óçìåñéíÝò ôÜóåéò õðïäçëþíïõí üôé ôï åðßðåäï ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìðïñåß íá äéáôçñçèåß êÜôù áðü 60 %.
Nevertheless , current trends suggest that the debt level can be maintained at below 60 %.
Áðü ôï 2010 ðåñßðïõ êáé Ýðåéôá áíáìÝíåôáé óçìáíôéêÞ ãÞñáíóç ôïõ ðëçèõóìïý ( âë . Ðßíáêá 7 ) , áëëÜ , óå áíôßèåóç ìå ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá ÊñÜôç-ÌÝëç ôçò ÅÅ , ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï Ý ÷ åé ôï ðëåïíÝêôçìá íá äéáèÝôåé Ýíá óýóôçìá óõíôÜîåùí ðïõ âáóßæåôáé êõñßùò óå éäéùôéêÝò óõíôÜîåéò êåöáëáéïðïéçôéêïý ôýðïõ , êáé óôï ïðïßï ïé óõíôÜîåéò êïéíùíéêÞò áóöÜëéóçò ðïõ åßíáé äéáíåìçôéêïý ôýðïõ ðáßæïõí ìéêñüôåñï ñüëï áðü ü , ôé óå Üëëåò ÷ þñåò ôçò ÅÅ .
From around 2010 onwards a marked ageing of the population is expected ( see Table 7 ) but , in contrast to most other EU Member States , the United Kingdom benefits from a pension system which is heavily reliant on funded private pensions , and in which unfunded social security pensions play a lesser role than in other EU countries .
Ïé ðáñáðÜíù åêôéìÞóåéò åßíáé êÜðùò êáèçóõ ÷ áóôéêÝò , Ý ÷ ïõí üìùò óçìáíôéêü âáèìü áâåâáéüôçôáò êáé ïé åîåëßîåéò êáôÜ ôç äåêáåôßá ôïõ 1990 êáôÝäåéîáí ôïõò êéíäýíïõò ãéá ôï ëüãï ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ïé ïðïßïé ðñïêýðôïõí üôáí áöåèåß ôï Ýëëåéììá íá äéåõñýíåôáé ãïñãÜ .
While some comfort may be drawn from such estimates , there are significant uncertainties surrounding them , and developments during the 1990s have indicated the risks to the debt ratio associated with allowing deficit positions to grow rapidly .
Ç åîÝëéîç ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( ÌÜñôéïò 1996-ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1998 ) ç ëßñá Áããëßáò äåí óõììåôåß ÷ å óôï ÌÓÉ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 8á ) .
Exchange rate developments During the reference period from March 1996 to February 1998 the pound sterling has not participated in the ERM ( see Table 8a ) .
Ç íïìéóìáôéêÞ ðïëéôéêÞ ôïõ ÇíùìÝíïõ Âáóéëåßïõ åðéäßùîå ôç óôáèåñüôçôá ôùí ôéìþí ìÝóù åíüò óáöïýò óôü ÷ ïõ ãéá ôïí ðëçèùñéóìü , ôïí ïðïßï óÞìåñá Ý ÷ åé êáèïñßóåé ç êõâÝñíçóç óôï 2,5% ôïõ RPIX .
The United Kingdom s monetary policy has pursued price stability via an explicit inflation target , which is currently specified by the Government to be an objective of 2.5% for the RPIX .
¸ ôóé , ç ëßñá Áããëßáò êéíÞèçêå ùò åðß ôï ðëåßóôïí áñêåôÜ õøçëüôåñá áðü ôéò ìÝóåò äéìåñåßò éóïôéìßåò ôçò ôïõ Ìáñôßïõ 1996 Ýíáíôé Üëëùí íïìéóìÜôùí ôçò ÅÅ , ïé ïðïßåò ÷ ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé åíäåéêôéêÜ ùò óçìåßï áíáöïñÜò , åëëåßøåé êåíôñéêþí éóïôéìéþí ( âë . ÄéÜãñáììá 5 êáé Ðßíáêá 8á ) .
Hence , sterling has for the most part traded well above its March 1996 average bilateral exchange rates against other EU currencies , which are used as a benchmark for illustrative purposes in the absence of central rates ( see Chart 5 and Table 8a ) .
ÐáñÜëëçëá ì  áõôÝò ôéò åîåëßîåéò , ï âáèìüò ìåôáâëçôüôçôáò ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ôçò ëßñáò Áããëßáò Ýíáíôé ôïõ ãåñìáíéêïý ìÜñêïõ ðáñïõóßáóå áíïäéêÞ ôÜóç óå ó ÷ Ýóç ìå ôï åðßðåäï üðïõ âñéóêüôáí óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôïõ 1996 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 8â ) êáé ïé äéáöïñÝò ôùí âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí Ýíáíôé ôùí ÷ ùñþí ôçò ÅÅ ìå ôá ÷ áìçëüôåñá âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá äéåõñýíèçêáí êáôÜ ôçí ðåñßïäï áíáöïñÜò .
In parallel with these developments the degree of volatility of the pound s exchange rate against the Deutsche Mark tended to increase from the early 1996 level ( see Table 8b ) and short-term interest rate differentials against those EU countries with the lowest shortterm interest rates widened over the reference period .
Áðü ðéï ìáêñïðñüèåóìç óêïðéÜ , ôá óçìåñéíÜ åðßðåäá ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ôçò ëßñáò Áããëßáò Ýíáíôé ôùí Üëëùí íïìéóìÜôùí ôçò ÅÅ , üôáí ìåôñïýíôáé óå üñïõò ðñáãìáôéêÞò óôáèìéóìÝíçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò , öáßíåôáé íá åßíáé áñêåôÜ õøçëüôåñá áðü ôéò ôéìÝò ðïõ Ý ÷ ïõí óçìåéùèåß êáôÜ êáéñïýò ( âë . Ðßíáêá 9 ) .
In a longer-term context , when measured in terms of real effective exchange rates , current exchange rate levels of the pound sterling against other EU currencies appear to stand well above historical values ( see Table 9 ) .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ Üëëåò åîùôåñéêÝò åîåëßîåéò , ôï éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí åßíáé ðåñßðïõ éóïóêåëéóìÝíï ôá ôåëåõôáßá Ýôç ( ìå Ýíá 287 ìéêñü ðëåüíáóìá ôï 1997 ) , åíþ ç èåôéêÞ êáèáñÞ åîùôåñéêÞ èÝóç ðåñéïñßóôçêå ìåôáîý 1 % êáé 2 % ôïõ ÁÅÐ ( âë .
As regards other external developments , the current account has been broadly balanced in recent years ( with a small surplus in 1997 ) , while net external assets have fallen to between 1 % and 2 % of GDP ( see Table 10 ) .
Ðßíáêá 10 ) . Õðåíèõìßæåôáé üôé , óýìöùíá ìå ôá ðéï ðñüóöáôá äéáèÝóéìá óôïé ÷ åßá , ï ëüãïò åîùôåñéêïý åìðïñßïõ / ÁÅÐ ôïõ ÇíùìÝíïõ Âáóéëåßïõ áíÝñ ÷ åôáé óôï 32 % ãéá ôéò åîáãùãÝò êáé 33 % ãéá ôéò åéóáãùãÝò , åíþ ôï ðïóïóôü åíäïêïéíïôéêïý åìðïñßïõ öèÜíåé ôï 53 % ãéá ôéò åîáãùãÝò êáé ôï 50 % ãéá ôéò åéóáãùãÝò .
It may also be recalled that , according to the most recent data available , the United Kingdom has a ratio of foreign trade to GDP of 32 % for exports and 33 % for imports , and a share of intra-EU trade of 53 % for exports and 50 % for imports . cycle vis - - vis continental European countries ( partly in turn reflecting the different pattern of monetary policy and exchange rate developments ) .
11 ôçò ÓõíèÞêçò , ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï Ý ÷ åé ãíùóôïðïéÞóåé óôï Óõìâïýëéï ôçò ÅÅ üôé äåí ðñïôßèåôáé íá óõììåôÜó ÷ åé óôï Ôñßôï ÓôÜäéï ôï 1999 . ÊáôÜ óõíÝðåéáí , äåí èá õéïèåôÞóåé ôï åíéáßï íüìéóìá êáôÜ ôçí Ýíáñîç ôïõ Ôñßôïõ Óôáäßïõ .
Concluding summary The United Kingdom , in accordance with the terms of Protocol No. 11 of the Treaty , has notified the EU Council that it does not intend to move to the third stage in 1999 .
ÊáôÜ ôçí ðåñßïäï áíáöïñÜò , ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï ðÝôõ ÷ å ðëçèùñéóìü ( ÅíÄÔÊ ) 1,8% , äçë . áñêåôÜ ÷ áìçëüôåñï áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò ðïõ ðñïâëÝðåé ç ÓõíèÞêç .
Nevertheless , its progress towards convergence is examined in detail . Over the reference period the United Kingdom has achieved a rate of HICP inflation of 1.8% , which is well below the reference value stipulated by the Treaty .
Ôï 1997 ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï ðÝôõ ÷ å ëüãï äçìïóéïíïìéêïý åëëåßììáôïò 1,9% ôïõ ÁÅÐ , äçë . åðßðåäï áñêåôÜ êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò , êáé õðÜñ ÷ åé ðñïïðôéêÞ ãéá ðåñáéôÝñù ìåßùóç óå 0,6% ôï 1998 .
In 1997 the United Kingdom achieved a fiscal deficit ratio of 1.9% of GDP , i.e. a level well below the reference value , and the outlook is for a further decline to 0.6% in 1998 .
ÅðéðëÝïí , ï ëüãïò ôïõ äçìüóéïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìåéþèçêå óå 53,4% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôï 1997 , ðáñáìÝíïíôáò Ýôóé êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 60 %, êáé õðÜñ ÷ åé ðñïïðôéêÞ ãéá ðåñáéôÝñù ìåßùóç óôï 52,3% ôï 1998 .
In addition , the fiscal debt ratio decreased to 53.4% of GDP in 1997 , thus remaining below the 60 % reference value and the outlook is for a further decline to 52.3% in 1998 .
Ç åîÝëéîç ôùí ìáêñïðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1997-ÉáíïõÜñéïò 1998 ) ôá ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá óôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï Þôáí êáôÜ ìÝóï üñï 7,0% , äçë . ÷ áìçëüôåñá áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 7,8% ôïõ êñéôçñßïõ ôùí åðéôïêßùí , ç ïðïßá ïñßæåôáé âÜóåé ôùí ôñéþí Êñáôþí-Ìåëþí ìå ôéò êáëýôåñåò åðéäüóåéò ùò ðñïò ôç óôáèåñüôçôá ôùí ôéìþí .
Long-term interest rate developments Over the reference period from February 1997 to January 1998 long-term interest rates in the United Kingdom were 7.0% on average , and thus stood below the reference value for the interest rate criterion of 7.8% set on the basis of the three bestperforming Member States in terms of price stability .
Ôï ßäéï óõíÝâç êáé óå üëç ôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ 1997 , êáèþò êáé ôï 1996 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 11 ) .
This was also the case for 1997 as a whole , as well as for 1996 ( see Table 11 ) .
Ôá ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ìåéþèçêáí áðüôïìá óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 .
Long-term interest rates declined steeply in the early 1990s .
ÄéÜãñáììá 6á ) . ´ Åôóé , áðü ôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 ðáñáôçñÞèçêå áñ ÷ éêÜ óýãêëéóç êáé êáôüðéí áðüêëéóç áðü ôá åðéôüêéá ôùí ÷ ùñþí ôçò ÅÅ ìå ôéò ÷ áìçëüôåñåò áðïäüóåéò ïìïëüãùí ( âë .
Following an interruption in this trend in early 1994 the rate of decline was more gradual ( see Chart 6a ) .
Ç êýñéá áéôßá ãéá ôç äéåýñõíóç ôçò äéáöïñÜò áðü ôï 1993 Þôáí ç äéáöïñåôéêÞ èÝóç ôïõ ÇíùìÝíïõ Âáóéëåßïõ óôïí ïéêïíïìéêü êýêëï Ýíáíôé ôùí çðåéñùôéêþí åõñùðáúêþí ÷ ùñþí ( êÜôé ðïõ ìå ôç óåéñÜ ôïõ áíôáíáêëÜ åí ìÝñåé ôç äéáöïñåôéêÞ åîÝëéîç ôçò íïìéóìáôéêÞò ðïëéôéêÞò êáé ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ) . Ðéï ðñüóöáôá , ç äéáöïñÜ ôùí ìáêñïðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí ðáñïõóßáóå ôÜóç ìåßùóçò .
Against this background , a broad trend has been observed since the early 1990s of , first , convergence with and , later , divergence from the rates prevailing in the EU countries with the lowest bond yields ( see Chart 6b ) . The main factor underlying the widening of the differential since 1993 was the different position of the United Kingdom in the
Âáóßëåéï èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé óå èÝóç íá áíôáðïêñéèåß óôï ìåóïðñüèåóìï óôü ÷ ï ôïõ Óõìöþíïõ Óôáèåñüôçôáò êáé ÁíÜðôõîçò ðïõ èá ôåèåß óå éó ÷ ý áðü ôï 1999 , âÜóåé ôïõ ïðïßïõ ç ÷ þñá ðñÝðåé íá äéáèÝôåé ó ÷ åäüí éóïóêåëéóìÝíï Þ ðëåïíáóìáôéêü ðñïûðïëïãéóìü , êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò èá ìðïñïýóå íá ìåéùèåß ðåñáéôÝñù êÜôù áðü 60 %.
fiscal balances as projected , the United Kingdom should comply with the mediumterm objective of the Stability and Growth Pact , effective from 1999 onwards , of having a budgetary position that is close to balance or in surplus , and the debt ratio would fall further below 60 %.
Ùò ðñïò ôïõò Üëëïõò ðáñÜãïíôåò , ôï ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï ðñáãìáôïðïßçóå ìéêñü ðëåüíáóìá óôï éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí ôï 1997 êáé Ý ÷ åé èåôéêÞ êáèáñÞ åîùôåñéêÞ èÝóç .
With regard to other factors , the United Kingdom has recorded a small current account surplus in 1997 , and has a net foreign asset position .
ÊáôÜëïãïò ðéíÜêùí êáé äéáãñáììÜôùí * ÇÍÙÌÅÍÏ ÂÁÓÉËÅÉÏ É Ç åîÝëéîç ôùí ôéìþí Ðßíáêáò 1 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ðëçèùñéóìüò âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ ÄéÜãñáììá 1 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ç åîÝëéîç ôùí ôéìþí Ðßíáêáò 2 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Äåßêôåò ðëçèùñéóìïý êáé óõíáöåßò äåßêôåò Ðßíáêáò 3 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ðñüóöáôåò ôÜóåéò ðëçèùñéóìïý êáé ðñïâëÝøåéò á ) Ðñüóöáôåò ôÜóåéò ôïõ ðëçèùñéóìïý ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ â ) ÐñïâëÝøåéò ãéá ôïí ðëçèùñéóìü
List of Tables and Charts * UNITED KINGDOM I Price developments Table 1 Chart 1 Table 2 Table 3 United Kingdom : HICP inflation United Kingdom : Price developments United Kingdom : Measures of inflation and related indicators United Kingdom : Recent inflation trends and forecasts ( a ) Recent trends in consumer price inflation ( b ) Inflation forecasts II
ÄçìïóéïíïìéêÝò åîåëßîåéò Ðßíáêáò 4 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ¸ ëëåéììá êáé ÷ ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ÄéÜãñáììá 2 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÁêáèÜñéóôï ÷ ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá á ) Åðßðåäá â ) ÅôÞóéåò ìåôáâïëÝò êáé ðñïóäéïñéóôéêïß ðáñÜãïíôåò Ðßíáêáò 5 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÄéÜñèñùóç áêáèÜñéóôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ÄéÜãñáììá 3 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ðëåüíáóìá (+) / Ýëëåéììá (-) åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá á ) Åðßðåäá â ) ÅôÞóéåò ìåôáâïëÝò êáé ðñïóäéïñéóôéêïß ðáñÜãïíôåò ÄéÜãñáììá 4 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÄáðÜíåò êáé Ýóïäá åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá Ðßíáêáò 6 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ¸ óïäá êáé äáðÜíåò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá Ðßíáêáò 7 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Äåßêôçò åîÜñôçóçò çëéêéùìÝíùí : ðñïâëÝøåéò
Fiscal developments Table 4 United Kingdom : General government financial position Chart 2 United Kingdom : General government gross debt ( a ) Levels ( b ) Annual changes and underlying factors Table 5 United Kingdom : General government gross debt - structural features Chart 3 United Kingdom : General government surplus (+) / deficit (-) ( a ) Levels ( b ) Annual changes and underlying factors Chart 4 United Kingdom : General government expenditure and receipts Table 6 United Kingdom : General government budgetary position Table 7 United Kingdom : Projections of elderly dependency ratio
III Ç åîÝëéîç ôçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Ðßíáêáò 8 á ) ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Óôáèåñüôçôá óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò â ) Âáóéêïß äåßêôåò ðéÝóåùí óôç ëßñá Áããëßáò ÄéÜãñáììá 5 Ëßñá Áããëßáò : Äéìåñåßò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò Ðßíáêáò 9 Ëßñá Áããëßáò : Äåßêôåò ðñáãìáôéêÞò óôáèìéóìÝíçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Ýíáíôé ôùí Êñáôþí-Ìåëþí ôçò ÅÅ Ðßíáêáò 10 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÅîùôåñéêÝò åîåëßîåéò
III Exchange rate developments Table 8 ( a ) United Kingdom : Exchange rate stability ( b ) Key indicators of exchange rate pressure for the pound sterling Chart 5 Pound sterling : Bilateral exchange rates Table 9 Pound sterling : Measures of the real effective exchange rate vis - - vis EU Member States Table 10 United Kingdom : External developments
ÉV Ç åîÝëéîç ôùí ìáêñïðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí Ðßíáêáò 11 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ÄéÜãñáììá 6 á ) ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá â ) ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÄéáöïñÝò ìáêñïðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí êáé ðëçèùñéóìïý ÄÔÊ Ýíáíôé ôùí ÷ ùñþí ôçò ÅÅ ìå ôá ÷ áìçëüôåñá ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá
IV Long-term interest rate developments Table 11 United Kingdom : Long-term interest rates Chart 6 ( a ) United Kingdom : Long-term interest rate ( b ) United Kingdom : Long-term interest rate and CPI inflation differentials against EU countries with lowest long-term interest rates
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Ðëçèùñéóìüò âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ ( åôÞóéåò åêáôïóôéáßåò ìåôáâïëÝò ) 1996 Ðëçèùñéóìüò âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ .
United Kingdom : HICP inflation ( annual percentage changes ) 1996 HICP inflation Reference value Source : European Commission .
Éáí . 98 1,5 -
Jan 98 Feb 97 - Jan 98 1.5 1.8 2.7
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : Äåßêôåò ðëçèùñéóìïý êáé óõíáöåßò äåßêôåò ( åôÞóéåò åêáôïóôéáßåò ìåôáâïëÝò , åêôüò åÜí áíáöÝñåôáé äéáöïñåôéêÜ ) 1990 Äåßêôåò ðëçèùñéóìïý Äåßêôçò Ôéìþí ÊáôáíáëùôÞ ( ÄÔÊ )( â ) ÄÔÊ ÷ ùñßò ìåôáâïëÝò êáèáñþí Ýììåóùí öüñùí ( ã ) ÁðïðëçèùñéóôÞò éäéùôéêÞò êáôáíÜëùóçò ÁðïðëçèùñéóôÞò ÁÅÐ ÔéìÝò ðáñáãùãïý Óõíáöåßò äåßêôåò Áýîçóç ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ Ðáñáãùãéêü êåíü ( åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò ) Ðïóïóôü áíåñãßáò (%) Êüóôïò åñãáóßáò áíÜ ìïíÜäá ðñïúüíôïò , óýíïëï ïéêïíïìßáò Áðïæçìßùóç áíÜ áðáó ÷ ïëïýìåíï , óýíïëï ïéêïíïìßáò Ðáñáãùãéêüôçôá åñãáóßáò , óýíïëï ïéêïíïìßáò ÁðïðëçèùñéóôÞò ôéìþí åéóáãïìÝíùí Áíáôßìçóç íïìßóìáôïò ( ä ) ÐñïóöïñÜ ÷ ñÞìáôïò ìå åõñåßá Ýííïéá ( Åíáñì .
United Kingdom : Measures of inflation and related indicators ( annual percentage changes unless otherwise stated ) 1990 Measures of inflation Consumer price index ( CPI )( b ) CPI excluding changes in net indirect taxes ( c ) Private consumption deflator GDP deflator Producer prices Related indicators Real GDP growth Output gap ( p.pt s ) Unemployment rate (%) Unit labour costs , whole economy Compensation per employee , whole economy Labour productivity , whole economy Import price deflator Exchange rate appreciation ( d ) Broad monetary aggregate ( M3H ) ( e ) Stock prices House prices 8.1 7.3 5.5 6.4 6.3 0.4 3.2 5.8 10.1 9.6 0.0 3.4 - 1.4 17.3 - 1.6 0.0
Ì3 )( å ) ÔéìÝò ìåôï ÷ þí ÔéìÝò êáôïéêéþí 8,1 7,3 5,5 6,4 6,3 0,4 3,2 5,8 10,1 9,6 0,0 3,4 - 1,4 17,3 - 1,6 0,0 1991 6,7 6,7 7,5 6,5 5,4 - 2,0 - 0,8 8,0 7,1 8,0 0,8 0,3 0,6 8,6 8,7 - 1,2 1992 4,7 4,3 5,0 4,6 3,1 - 0,5 - 3,2 9,7 3,2 6,1 2,1 0,0 - 3,7 5,8 3,1 - 5,6 1993 3,0 2,9 3,5 3,2 3,9 2,1 - 3,2 10,3 0,4 3,4 3,3 8,5 - 8,9 4,0 19,0 - 2,9 1994 2,3 1,7 2,2 1,7 2,6 4,3 - 1,1 9,3 - 0,4 4,0 3,7 2,9 0,2 6,1 8,0 0,5 1995 2,9 2,3 2,7 2,5 4,1 2,8 - 0,5 8,2 1,4 3,3 1,9 7,1 - 4,6 8,3 4,6 - 1,7 1996 1997 ( á ) 3,0 2,6 2,4 2,9 2,7 2,3 - 0,5 7,5 2,1 3,9 1,4 0,6 2,0 13,0 15,0 4,5 2,8 2,2 2,3 1,8 1,1 3,5 0,6 5,8 1,9 4,3 2,2 - 5,6 16,3 13,4 18,0 6,3
1995 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.5 4.1 2.8 - 0.5 8.2 1.4 3.3 1.9 7.1 - 4.6 8.3 4.6 - 1.7 1996 1997 ( a ) 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.3 - 0.5 7.5 2.1 3.9 1.4 0.6 2.0 13.0 15.0 4.5 2.8 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.1 3.5 0.6 5.8 1.9 4.3 2.2 - 5.6 16.3 13.4 18.0 6.3
( â ) RPIX .
( b ) RPIX .
( ã ) RPIY .
( c ) RPIY .
97 Éáí . 98 Åèíéêüò äåßêôçò ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ ( ÄÔÊ ) ÅôÞóéá åêáôïóôéáßá ìåôáâïëÞ ÌåôáâïëÞ ìÝóïõ üñïõ 3 ôåëåõôáßùí ìçíþí Ýíáíôé ôùí 3 ðñïçãïýìåíùí , åðï ÷ éêÜ äéïñèùìÝíç , áíçãìÝíç óå åôÞóéï ñõèìü ÌåôáâïëÞ ìÝóïõ üñïõ 6 ôåëåõôáßùí ìçíþí Ýíáíôé 6 ðñïçãïýìåíùí , åðï ÷ éêÜ äéïñèùìÝíç , áíçãìÝíç óå åôÞóéï ñõèìü ( á )
( a ) Recent trends in consumer price inflation Sep 97 National consumer price index ( CPI )( a ) Annual percentage change Change in the average of latest 3 months from previous 3 months , annualised rate , seasonally adjusted Change in the average of latest 6 months from previous 6 months , annualised rate , seasonally adjusted Source : National non-harmonised data .
ÐçãÞ : ÅèíéêÜ ìç åíáñìïíéóìÝíá óôïé ÷ åßá . ( á ) RPIX .
( a ) RPIX . Oct 97 2.8 3.0 2.5
( â ) ÐñïâëÝøåéò ãéá ôïí ðëçèùñéóìü 1998 ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( Üíïéîç 1998 ) , ÅíÄÔÊ ÏÏÓÁ ( ÄåêÝìâñéïò 1997 ) , áðïðëçèùñéóôÞò éäéùôéêÞò êáôáíÜëùóçò ÄÍÔ ( Ïêôþâñéïò 1997 ) , ÄÔÊ ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( ðñïâëÝøåéò Üíïéîçò 1998 ) , ÏÏÓÁ êáé ÄÍÔ .
( b ) Inflation forecasts European Commission ( spring 1998 ) , HICP OECD ( December 1997 ) , private consumption deflator IMF ( October 1997 ) , CPI Source : European Commission ( spring 1998 forecasts ) , OECD and IMF . 1998 2.4 2.3 2.7
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ¸ ëëåéììá êáé ÷ ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1996 Ðëåüíáóìá (+) / Ýëëåéììá (-) åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò Ðëåüíáóìá (+) / Ýëëåéììá (-) , ÷ ùñßò ôéò äáðÜíåò äçìüóéùí åðåíäýóåùí ( â ) ÁêáèÜñéóôï ÷ ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò - 4,8 - 3 - 3,5 54,7 60 1997 - 1,9 - 3 - 0,9 53,4 60 1998 ( á ) - 0,6 - 3 .
United Kingdom : General government financial position ( as a percentage of GDP ) General government surplus (+) / deficit (-) Reference value Surplus (+) / deficit (-) , net of public investment expenditure ( b ) General government gross debt Reference value Source : European Commission ( spring 1998 forecasts ) and EMI calculations .
ÄéÜãñáììá 2 ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÁêáèÜñéóôï ÷ ñÝïò åõñýô .
52.3 60 Chart 2
ÇíùìÝíï Âáóßëåéï : ÄéÜñèñùóç áêáèÜñéóôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá 1990 Óõíïëéêü ÷ ñÝïò (% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) ÄéÜñèñùóç êáôÜ íüìéóìá (% óõíüëïõ ) Óå åã ÷ þñéï íüìéóìá Óå îÝíá íïìßóìáôá Åóùôåñéêü ÷ ñÝïò (% óõíüëïõ ) ÌÝóç äéÜñêåéá ( á ) ( Ýôç ) ÄéÜñèñùóç êáôÜ äéÜñêåéá (% óõíüëïõ ) ( â ) 1991 35,6 96,3 3,7 83,2 9,9 40,8 59,2
United Kingdom : General government gross debt str uctural features Total debt ( as a percentage of GDP ) Composition by currency (% of total ) In domestic currency In foreign currencies Domestic ownership (% of total ) Average maturity ( a ) ( years ) Composition by maturity ( b ) (% of total ) Short-term ( c ) ( < 1 year) Medium and long-term (≥ 1 year) 1990 .</p>
Óôïé ÷ åßá ôÝëïõò Ýôïõò . Ãéá ôï 1997 : óôïé ÷ åßá ôÝëïõò Ìáñôßïõ .
End-year data except for 1997 : end-March data .
Ãéá ôßôëïõò ìå ïñéóìÝíç ëÞîç ôïõò ïðïßïõò êáôÝ ÷ åé ç áãïñÜ óôéò 31 Ìáñôßïõ .
Of dated stocks in market hands as at 31 March .
Ôï 1997 , ôá óôïé ÷ åßá áõôÜ áíôéðñïóþðåõáí ðåñßðïõ ôï 17 % ôïõ áêáèÜñéóôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ôïõ åõñýô .
In 1997 , these items amounted to around 17 % of general government gross debt ;
ôïìÝá . Ãé  áõôü , ìüíï 9,8% ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò åßíáé üíôùò åõáßóèçôï óå ìåôáâïëÝò ôùí åðéôïêßùí .
the implication is that only 9.8% of debt is actually sensitive to interest rate changes .
Ï åí ëüãù ÷ åéñéóìüò èá áëëÜîåé åíôüò ôïõ Ýôïõò , üôáí ôï Çí . Âáóßëåéï õéïèåôÞóåé ôï ÅÓÏË95 .
The current statistical treatment is due to change later this year when the United Kingdom adopts ESA95 .
ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( ðñïâëÝøåéò Üíïéîçò 1998 ) . 295
35 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Source : European Commission ( spring 1998 forecasts ) .
Ðßíáêáò 6
272 Table 6