natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Áõóôñßá : ¸ ëëåéììá êáé ÷ ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1996 Ðëåüíáóìá (+) / Ýëëåéììá (-) åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò Ðëåüíáóìá (+) / Ýëëåéììá (-) , ÷ ùñßò ôç äáðÜíç ãéá äçìüóéåò åðåíäýóåéò ÁêáèÜñéóôï ÷ ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò ( â )
General government surplus (+) / deficit (-) Reference value Surplus (+) / deficit (-) , net of public investment expenditure ( b ) General government gross debt Reference value Source : European Commission ( spring 1998 forecasts ) and EMI calculations . ( a ) European Commission projections .
1997 - 2,5 - 3 0,1 66,1 60 1998 ( á ) - 2,3 - 3 .
( b ) A negative sign indicates that the government deficit is higher than investment expenditure . 1996 - 4.0 - 3 - 1.2 69.5 60
ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( ðñïâëÝøåéò Üíïéîçò 1998 ) êáé õðïëïãéóìïß ÅÍÉ .
1998 ( a ) - 2.3 - 3 .
Ðßíáêáò 5 Áõóôñßá : ÄéÜñèñùóç áêáèÜñéóôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá 1990 Óõíïëéêü ÷ ñÝïò (% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) ÄéÜñèñùóç êáôÜ íüìéóìá Óå åã ÷ þñéï íüìéóìá Óå îÝíá íïìßóìáôá Åóùôåñéêü ÷ ñÝïò ( â ) (% óõíüëïõ ) ÌÝóç äéÜñêåéá ( Ýôç ) ( ã ) ( á )
Austria : General government gross debt - structural features Total debt ( as a percentage of GDP ) Composition by currency ( a ) (% of total ) In domestic currency In foreign currencies Domestic ownership ( b ) (% of total ) Average maturity ( c ) ( years ) Composition by maturity ( d ) (% of total ) Short-term ( < 1 year) Medium-term (1-5 years) Long-term (> 5 years ) 1990 57.9 84.3 15.7 81.5 7.7 .
ÄéÜñèñùóç âÜóåé ôçò äéÜñêåéáò ( ä ) (% óõíüëïõ ) Âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìç ( < åíüò Ýôïõò) Ìåóïðñüèåóìç (1-5 Ýôç) Ìáêñïðñüèåóìç (> ðÝíôå åôþí ) ÐçãÞ : ÅèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá .
Source : National data except for total debt ( European Commission ( spring 1998 forecasts )) .
( á ) 1990-93 : Ìüíï ïìïóðïíäéáêÞò êõâÝñíçóçò .
( a ) 1990-93 Federal government only .
1997 : åêôéìÞóåéò .
1997 estimated .
( â ) 1990-93 : × ñÝïò ïìïóðïíäéáêÞò êõâÝñíçóçò .
( b ) 1990-93 Federal government debt ;
1994-96 : × ñÝïò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá .
1994-96 general government debt ;
Áõóôñßá : ¸ óïäá êáé äáðÜíåò åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1990 Óýíïëï ôñå ÷ üíôùí åóüäùí Öüñïé ÅéóöïñÝò êïéíùíéêÞò áóöÜëéóçò ¢ ëëá ôñÝ ÷ ïíôá Ýóïäá Óýíïëï äáðáíþí ÔñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò ÊáôáâëçèÝíôåò ôüêïé Äçìüóéá êáôáíÜëùóç ÊáèáñÞ êåöáëáéáêÞ äáðÜíç Ðëåüíáóìá (+) Þ Ýëëåéììá (-) ÐñùôïãåíÝò áðïôÝëåóìá Ðëåüíáóìá (+) Þ Ýëëåéììá (-) , ÷ ùñßò ôç äáðÜíç ãéá äçìüóéåò åðåíäýóåéò ( á ) .
Austria : General government budgetary position ( as a percentage of GDP ) Total current receipts Taxes Social security contributions Other current receipts Total expenditure Current transfers Actual interest payments Public consumption Net capital expenditure Surplus (+) or deficit (-) Primary balance Surplus (+) or deficit (-) , net of public investment expenditure ( a )
Óçìåßùóç : Ôá ôñßá óåíÜñéá õðïèÝôïõí üôé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò èá äéáìïñöùèåß ôï 1998 óýìöùíá ìå ôçí ðñüâëåøç ( 64,7% ) êáé üôé åßôå ôï óõíïëéêü áðïôÝëåóìá (- 2,3% ) Þ ôï ðñùôïãåíÝò áðïôÝëåóìá ( 1,7% ) èá äéáôçñçèåß óôáèåñü óå üëï ôï ðáñáðÜíù äéÜóôçìá , åßôå üôé ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò èá åßíáé éóïóêåëéóìÝíïò áðü ôï 1999 êáé åîÞò .
Note : The three scenarios assume that the debt ratio of 64.7% of GDP for 1998 is as forecast and that the 1998 overall balance of - 2.3% of GDP or the primary balance of 1.7% of GDP will be kept constant over the period considered ( as a percentage of GDP ) , or , alternatively , that a balanced budget is maintained from 1999 onwards .
¢ ëëåò ðáñáäï ÷ Ýò åßíáé : áýîçóç ðñáãìáôéêïý ÁÅÐ : 2,5% ôï 1998 , üðùò ôï åêôéìÜ ç ÅðéôñïðÞ , ðëçèùñéóìüò : 2 %, êáé , óôï óåíÜñéï ôïõ óôáèåñïý ðñùôïã .
The underlying assumptions are a real trend GDP growth rate in 1998 of 2.5% as estimated by the Commission ;
Áõóôñßá : Äåßêôçò åîÜñôçóçò çëéêéùìÝíùí : ðñïâëÝøåéò 1990 Äåßêôçò åîÜñôçóçò çëéêéùìÝíùí ( ðëçèõóìüò 65 åôþí êáé Üíù åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôïõ ðëçèõóìïý çëéêßáò 15-64 åôþí ) 22,4 23,3 27,7 32,6 44,0 2000 2010 2020 2030
Austria : Projections of elderly dependency ratio 1990 Elderly dependency ratio ( population aged 65 and over as a proportion of the population aged 15-64 ) 22.4 2000 23.3 2010 27.7 2020 32.6 2030 44.0
( á ) Aõóôñßá : Óôáèåñüôçôá óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ( 1 Ìáñôßïõ 1996 - 27 Öåâñïõáñßïõ 1998 ) Óõììåôï ÷ Þ óôï Ìç ÷ áíéóìü Óõíáëëáãìáôéêþí Éóïôéìéþí ( ÌÓÉ ) Óõììåôï ÷ Þ áðü Õðïôßìçóç äéìåñïýò êåíôñéêÞò éóïôéìßáò ìå ðñùôïâïõëßá ôçò ÷ þñáò ÌÝãéóôåò ðñïò ôá Üíù (+) êáé ðñïò ôá êÜôù (-) áðïêëßóåéò áðü ôéò êåíôñéêÝò éóïôéìßåò óôï ðëÝãìá éóïôéìéþí ôïõ ÌÓÉ (%) Ýíáíôé ( á ) ÖñÜãêïõ Âåëãßïõ Êïñþíáò Äáíßáò ÌÜñêïõ Ãåñìáíßáò ÐåóÝôáò Éóðáíßáò ÖñÜãêïõ Ãáëëßáò Ëßñáò Éñëáíäßáò Ëßñáò Éôáëßáò Öéïñéíßïõ Ïëëáíäßáò Åóêïýäïõ Ðïñôïãáëßáò ÌÜñêïõ Öéëáíäßáò 0,1 1,4 0,1 0,1 2,2 3,9 1,1 0,0 1,1 - 0,2 - 0,4 - 0,3 - 0,0 - 2,3 - 0,2 - 10,6 - 1,8 - 0,8 - 2,8 - 2,9 Íáé 9 Éáíïõáñßïõ 1995 ¼÷ é
( a ) Austria : Exchange rate stability ( 1 March 1996 - 27 February 1998 ) Membership of the Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM ) Membership since Devaluation of bilateral central rate on country 's own initiative Maximum upward (+) and downward (-) deviations from central rates in the ERM grid (%) against ( a ) Belgian franc Danish krone Deutsche Mark Spanish peseta French franc Irish pound Italian lira Dutch guilder Portuguese escudo Finnish markka
( â ) Âáóéêïß äåßêôåò ðéÝóåùí óôï óåëßíé Áõóôñßáò ÌÝóïò üñïò 3 ìçíþí Ýùò : Ìåôáâëçôüôçôá óõíáëëáã / êÞò éóïôéìßáò ( á ) ÄéáöïñÝò âñá ÷ õðñüèåóìùí åðéôïêßùí ( â ) ÌÜé . 96 Áýã .
( b ) Key indicators of exchange rate pressure for the Austrian schilling Average of 3 months ending : Exchange rate volatility ( a ) Short-term interest rate differentials ( b ) May 96 Aug 96 Nov 96 0.1 - 0.2 0.1 - 0.1 0.1 0.1 Feb 97 May 97 Aug 97 Nov 97 Feb 98 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
98 0,1 - 0,2 0,1 - 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ , åèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá êáé õðïëïãéóìïß ÅÍÉ .
Source : European Commission , national data and EMI calculations .
éóïôéìßåò ÌÓÉ ( çìåñÞóéá óôïé ÷ åßá , óå åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò , 1.3.96 - 27.2.98 ) ATS / BEF ATS / DKK ATS / DEM ATS / ESP ATS / FRF
1 March 1996 to 27 February 1998 ) ATS / BEF 15 10 5 0 - 5 - 10 - 15 Q2 1996 ATS / ITL ATS / DKK
ATS / IEP
ATS / DEM
ATS / ITL
ATS / ESP
Óåëßíé Áõóôñßáò : Äåßêôåò ðñáãìáôéêÞò óôáèìéóìÝíçò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞò éóïôéìßáò Ýíáíôé ôùí Êñáôþí-Ìåëþí ôïõ ÌÓÉ ÌÝóïò üñïò ÐñáãìáôéêÝò óôáèìéóìÝíåò óõíáëëáãìáôéêÝò éóïôéìßåò : ÂÜóåé ôïõ ÄÔÊ ÂÜóåé ôïõ Äåßêôç Ôéìþí Ðáñáãùãïý /× ïíäñéêÞò Õðüìíçóç ÏíïìáóôéêÞ óôáèìéóìÝíç óõíáëëáãìáôéêÞ éóïôéìßá 13,5 2,5 5,8 1,6 1,1 0,1 ÌÝóïò üñïò
Austrian schilling : Measures of the real effective exchange rate vis - - vis ERM Member States ( monthly data ; percentage deviations ;
( ìçíéáßá óôïé ÷ åßá , åêáôïóôéáßåò áðïêëßóåéò , ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1998 óå óýãêñéóç ìå äéáöïñåôéêÝò ðåñéüäïõò âÜóçò ) ÌÝóïò üñïò 1987 1,9 - 0,3 5,9
February 1998 compared with different benchmark periods )
231 Ðßíáêáò 10
Average Jan 87-Feb 98 1.1 0.1 2.5
Áõóôñßá : ÅîùôåñéêÝò åîåëßîåéò ( ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ) 1990 Éóïæýãéï ôñå ÷ ïõóþí óõíáëëáãþí óõí êßíçóç êåöáëáßùí ( â ) ÊáèáñÞ èåôéêÞ (+) Þ áñíçôéêÞ (-) åîùô . èÝóç ÅîáãùãÝò ( áãáèÜ êáé õðçñåóßåò )( ä ) ÅéóáãùãÝò ( áãáèÜ êáé õðçñåóßåò )( å ) ( ã )
Austria : External developments ( as a percentage of GDP ) Current account plus new capital account Net foreign assets (+) or liabilities (-) ( c ) Exports ( goods and services )( d ) Imports ( goods and services ) ( e )
1996 1997 ( á ) - 1,8 - 12,4 46,8 47,0 - 1,8 .
1996 1997 ( a ) - 1.8 - 1.8 - 12.4 .
ÐçãÞ : ÅèíéêÜ óôïé ÷ åßá . Ãéá ôéò åîáãùãÝò - åéóáãùãÝò : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ ( ðñïâëÝøåéò Üíïéîçò 1998 ) .
Source : National data except exports and imports ( European Commission , spring 1998 forecasts ) .
( ä ) ÅíäïêïéíïôéêÝò åîáãùãÝò åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí åèíéêþí åîáãùãþí áãáèþí , 1996 : 59,7% , Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook , 1997 , ÄÍÔ .
( d ) In 1996 the share of intra-EU exports of goods in total national exports of goods was 59.7% ; Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 1997 , IMF .
( å ) ÅíäïêïéíïôéêÝò åéóáãùãÝò åðß ôïõ óõíüëïõ ôùí åèíéêþí åéóáãùãþí áãáèþí , 1996 : 74,8% , Direction Trade Statistics Yearbook , 1997 , ÄÍÔ .
( e ) In 1996 the share of intra-EU imports of goods in total national imports of goods was 74.8% ; Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 1997 , IMF .
Áõóôñßá : Ìáêñïðñüèåóìá åðéôüêéá ( åðß ôïéò åêáôü ) 1996 Ìáêñïðñüèåóìï åðéôüêéï ÔéìÞ áíáöïñÜò ÐçãÞ : ÅõñùðáúêÞ ÅðéôñïðÞ .
Austria : Long-term interest rates ( percentages ) 1996 Long-term interest rate Reference value Source : European Commission .
ÐÏÑÔÏÃÁËÉÁ Ç åîÝëéîç ôùí ôéìþí Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ áíáöïñÜò ( ÖåâñïõÜñéïò 1997-ÉáíïõÜñéïò 1998 ) ï ìÝóïò ñõèìüò ðëçèùñéóìïý âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ óôçí Ðïñôïãáëßá Þôáí 1,8% , äçëáäÞ áñêåôÜ êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 2,7% .
PORTUGAL Price developments Over the reference period from February 1997 to January 1998 the average rate of HICP inflation in Portugal was 1.8% , i.e. well below the reference value of 2.7% .
Ôï 1996 , ï ìÝóïò ðëçèùñéóìüò âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ Þôáí 2,9% ( âë . Ðßíáêá 1 ) .
In 1996 average HICP inflation was 2.9% ( see Table 1 ) .
Áðü ôçí åîÝôáóç ôùí ìÝ ÷ ñé óÞìåñá åîåëßîåùí ðñïêýðôåé üôé ï ðëçèùñéóìüò ôéìþí êáôáíáëùôÞ óôçí Ðïñôïãáëßá , üðùò ìåôñÜôáé âÜóåé ôïõ ÄÔÊ , åìöÜíéóå ðôùôéêÞ ôÜóç áðü ôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 êáé óçìåßùóå óõíå ÷ Þ ðôþóç , áðü åðßðåäï ðÜíù áðü 13 % óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ( âë . ÄéÜãñáììá 1 ) .
Looking back , consumer price inflation in Portugal , as measured on the basis of the CPI , has followed a downward trend since the early 1990s , with the rate falling steadily from above 13 % at the start of the decade ( see Chart 1 ) .
Ç íïìéóìáôéêÞ ðïëéôéêÞ åß ÷ å üëï êáé åíôïíüôåñï ðñïóáíáôïëéóìü ðñïò ôç ìåßùóç ôïõ ðëçèùñéóìïý , áñ ÷ éêÜ ìÝóù ôçò ìïíïìåñïýò óýíäåóçò ìå ìéá äÝóìç íïìéóìÜôùí ôïõ ÌÓÉ êáé êáôüðéí , áðü ôçí Üíïéîç ôïõ 1992 êáé ìåôÜ , ìÝóù ôçò óõììåôï ÷ Þò óôï ÌÓÉ .
Monetary policy has been geared increasingly towards the reduction of inflation rates , first through a unilateral link to a basket of ERM currencies , and then , from spring 1992 onwards , through membership of the ERM .
ÓõãêåêñéìÝíá , óôï ðëáßóéï ôçò ÷ áìçëÞò áýîçóçò ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôï 1993-94 , ðñïÝêõøå áñíçôéêü ðáñáãùãéêü êåíü .
In particular , in the context of weak GDP growth in 1993-94 , a negative output gap emerged .
Ìå ôçí áíÜêáìøç ðïõ åðáêïëïýèçóå , ôï ðáñáãùãéêü êåíü ìåéþèçêå óôáäéáêÜ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 2 ) .
In the subsequent recovery , the output gap has been reduced gradually ( see Table 2 ) .
Óôï ðëáßóéï áõôü , óõãêñáôÞèçêáí ïé áíïäéêÝò ðéÝóåéò óôïõò 234 ìéóèïýò , áí êáé ïé áõîÞóåéò ðïõ äüèçêáí åîáêïëïýèçóáí íá åßíáé óçìáíôéêÝò .
Against this background , upward pressures on compensation per employee have been restrained although increases have still been considerable .
Ï ñõèìüò áíüäïõ ôïõ êüóôïõò åñãáóßáò áíÜ ìïíÜäá ðñïúüíôïò åðéâñáäýíèçêå óçìáíôéêÜ êáôÜ ôç äåêáåôßá ôïõ 1990 .
Growth in unit labour costs has decelerated markedly over the 1990s .
Ç ãåíéêÞ ôÜóç ðñïò ÷ áìçëüôåñïõò ñõèìïýò ðëçèùñéóìïý ðñïêýðôåé êáé áðü Üëëïõò óõíáöåßò äåßêôåò ôéìþí , åíþ ïñéóìÝíïé äåßêôåò åìöÜíéóáí ðëçèùñéóìü ìåãáëýôåñï áðü ü , ôé âÜóåé ôïõ ÅíÄÔÊ ôï 1997 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 2 ) .
The general trend towards lower rates of inflation is also apparent when it is measured in terms of other relevant price indices , while some measures exceeded HICP inflation in 1997 ( see Table 2 ) .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ ôéò ðñüóöáôåò ôÜóåéò êáé ðñïâëÝøåéò , ïé óçìåñéíïß ñõèìïß ðëçèùñéóìïý ìå âÜóç ôï äùäåêÜìçíï ñõèìü áýîçóçò ôïõ äåßêôç åßíáé ãýñù óôï 2 % êáé äåí õðÜñ ÷ ïõí åíäåßîåéò üôé èá áóêçèïýí Üìåóåò áíïäéêÝò ðéÝóåéò , üðùò ðñïêýðôåé áðü ôïõò äåßêôåò ôïõ Ðßíáêá 3á .
Looking at recent trends and forecasts , current outturns for consumer price inflation ( measured as a percentage change over the corresponding month a year earlier ) have been around 2 % and there are no signs of immediate upward pressure on the basis of the measures shown in Table 3a .
Ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðñïâëÝøåéò ãéá ôïí ðëçèùñéóìü áíáöÝñïõí ñõèìü êÜðùò õøçëüôåñï áðü 2 % ãéá ôï 1998 êáé ôï 1999 ( âë . Ðßíáêá 3â ) .
Most forecasts of inflation suggest a rate of somewhat above 2 % for 1998 and 1999 ( see Table 3b ) .
ÄçìïóéïíïìéêÝò åîåëßîåéò Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ Ýôïõò áíáöïñÜò 1997 ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò ôïõ åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá Þôáí 2,5% , äçëáäÞ êÜôù áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 3 % êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò Þôáí 62,0% , äçëáäÞ ìüëéò áíþôåñïò áðü ôçí ôéìÞ áíáöïñÜò 60 %.
Fiscal developments In the reference year 1997 the general government deficit ratio was 2.5% , i.e. below the 3 % reference value , and the debt ratio was 62.0% , i.e. just above the 60 % reference value .
Óå óýãêñéóç ìå ôá ðñïçãïýìåíá Ýôç , ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò ìåéþèçêå êáôÜ 0,7 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò êáôÜ 3,0 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò .
Compared with the previous year , the deficit ratio has been reduced by 0.7 percentage point and the debt ratio has decreased by 3.0 percentage points .
Ôï 1998 ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò ðñïâëÝðåôáé íá ìåéùèåß óôï 2,2% ôïõ ÁÅÐ êáé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò óôï 60,0% , äçë . óôï åðßðåäï ôçò ôéìÞò áíáöïñÜò .
In 1998 the deficit ratio is forecast to decrease to 2.2% of GDP , while the debt ratio is projected to decrease to 60.0% , at the level of the reference value .
Ôï 1996 êáé ôï 1997 ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò äåí õðåñÝâç ôï ëüãï ôùí äáðáíþí äçìüóéùí åðåíäýóåùí ðñïò ôï ÁÅÐ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 4 ) .
In 1996 and 1997 the deficit ratio did not exceed the ratio of public investment expenditure to GDP ( see Table 4 ) . 215
Áðü ôçí åîÝôáóç ôùí åôþí 1990-1997 äéáðéóôþíåôáé üôé ï ëüãïò ÷ ñÝïõò / ÁÅÐ óôçí Ðïñôïãáëßá ìåéþèçêå êáôÜ 3,3 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò .
Looking back over the years 1990 to 1997 , the Portuguese debt-to-GDP ratio declined by 3.3 percentage points .
Áöïý ìåéþèçêå áðüôïìá óå 60,1% ôï 1992 áðü 67,3% ôï 1991 , ï ëüãïò Ýôåéíå íá áõîÜíåôáé óõíå ÷ þò Ýùò ôï 1995 , ïðüôå Ýöèáóå ôï 65,9% .
After falling sharply to 60.1% in 1992 from 67.3% in 1991 , the ratio tended to increase continuously until 1995 , when it reached 65.9% .
Êáôüðéí , áêïëïýèçóå ðÜëé êáèïäéêÞ ðïñåßá , öèÜíïíôáò óôï 62,0% ôï 1997 , äçë . ìåéþèçêå êáôÜ 3,9 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò óôç äéÜñêåéá äýï åôþí .
Thereafter , it was again on a declining trend , decreasing to 62.0% in 1997 ( see Chart 2a ) , i.e. a decline of 3.9 percentage points over two years .
¼ ðùò áðåéêïíßæåôáé ëåðôïìåñÝóôåñá óôï ÄéÜãñáììá 2â , ç Ýíôïíç ðôþóç ôï 1992 Þôáí áðïôÝëåóìá ôüóï ôïõ õøçëïý ðñùôïãåíïýò ðëåïíÜóìáôïò üóï êáé ôïõ óçìáíôéêïý ýøïõò ôçò  áíáðñïóáñìïãÞò ìåôáâëçôþí ñïÞò êáé ìåôáâëçôþí áðïèÝìáôïò , ëüãù êáèáñÞò äéÜèåóçò ðåñéïõóéáêþí óôïé ÷ åßùí ôïõ Äçìïóßïõ .
As is shown in greater detail in Chart 2b , the sharp drop in 1992 was the result of both a high primary surplus and a sizable stock-flow adjustment , reflecting a net disposal of government assets .
ÊáôÜ ôá Ýôç 1993-95 , ôï ðñùôïãåíÝò ðëåüíáóìá ó ÷ åäüí åîáëåßöèçêå , åíþ ç áñíçôéêÞ äéáöïñÜ áíÜðôõîçò-åðéôïêßïõ áýîçóå ôï ëüãï ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò .
In the years 1993-95 the primary surplus almost disappeared , while a negative growth / interest rate differential increased the debt ratio .
Ç åîÝëéîç ðïõ óçìåéþèçêå Ýùò ôþñá óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 ìðïñåß íá èåùñçèåß åíäåéêôéêÞ ôùí êéíäýíùí ðïõ ìðïñåß íá áðåéëÞóïõí ôï ëüãï ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò üôáí ÷ åéñïôåñåýóïõí ïé ìáêñïïéêïíïìéêÝò óõíèÞêåò êáé áõôÞ ç åðßäñáóç äåí áíôéóôáèìßæåôáé áðü åðáñêþò õøçëü ðñùôïãåíÝò ðëåüíáóìá .
The patterns observed thus far during the 1990s may be seen as indicative of the risks to the debt ratio which can arise when macroeconomic conditions deteriorate and these effects are not counterbalanced by a sufficiently high primary surplus .
Óôï ðëáßóéï áõôü , óçìåéþíåôáé üôé ôï ôìÞìá ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìå ìéêñÞ åíáðïìÝíïõóá äéÜñêåéá ìåéþíåôáé áðü ôá õøçëÜ åðßðåäá ôùí áñ ÷ þí ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , åíþ ç ìÝóç äéÜñêåéá ðáñáìÝíåé ó ÷ åäüí áìåôÜâëçôç ( âë . Ðßíáêá 5 ) .
In this context , it may be noted that the share of debt with a short-term residual maturity has been decreasing from the high levels of the early 1990s , while the average maturity has remained broadly stable ( see Table 5 ) .
Ôï 1997 , ôï ôìÞìá ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò ìå ìéêñÞ åíáðïìÝíïõóá äéÜñêåéá åîáêïëïõèåß íá åßíáé ìåãÜëï , êáé , ëáìâáíïìÝíïõ õðüøç ôïõ óçìåñéíïý åðéðÝäïõ ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ôá äçìïóéïíïìéêÜ áðïôåëÝóìáôá åßíáé ó ÷ åôéêþò åõáßóèçôá óôéò ìåôáâïëÝò ôùí åðéôïêßùí .
With respect to 1997 , the proportion of debt with a short-term residual maturity is still high , and , taking into account the current level of the debt ratio , fiscal balances are sensitive to changes in interest rates .
Óôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , ï ëüãïò åëëåßììáôïò / ÁÅÐ ðáñÝìåéíå ó ÷ åäüí áìåôÜâëçôïò ìÝ ÷ ñé ôï 1995 , åíþ êáôüðéí óçìåßùóå óõíå ÷ Þ âåëôßùóç .
During the 1990s a broadly flat trend until 1995 and subsequently improving outturns can be observed in the deficit-to-GDP ratio .
Îåêéíþíôáò áðü 5,1% ôï 1990 , ôï Ýëëåéììá êõìÜíèçêå ãýñù óôï 6 % ôïõ ÁÅÐ Ýùò ôï 1995 , ìå åîáßñåóç ôï 1992 ïðüôå Þôáí ÷ áìçëüôåñï .
Starting from a ratio of 5.1% in 1990 , the 216 deficit fluctuated around 6 % until 1995 , with the exception of a lower deficit in 1992 ;
Êáôüðéí , ôï Ýëëåéììá Ýðåóå óôï 3,2% ôï 1996 êáé óôï 2,5% ôï 1997 ( âë . ÄéÜãñáììá 3á ) .
since then , the deficit has fallen to 3.2% in 1996 and 2.5% in 1997 ( see Chart 3a ) .
¼ ðùò áðåéêïíßæåôáé ëåðôïìåñÝóôåñá óôï ÄéÜãñáììá 3â , ôï ïðïßï åðéêåíôñþíåôáé óôéò ìåôáâïëÝò ôùí åëëåéììÜôùí , êõêëéêïß ðáñÜãïíôåò óõíÝâáëáí óå áýîçóç ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò Ýùò ôï 1995 êáé óå ìåßùóç ôï 1996-97 , áëëÜ ç åðßðôùóÞ ôïõò Þôáí ìéêñÞ , ìå åîáßñåóç ôï 1993-94 .
As is shown in greater detail in Chart 3b , which focuses on changes in deficits , cyclical factors contributed to an increase in the deficit ratio up to 1995 and to a reduction in 1996-97 , but the impact was small with the exception of 1993-94 .
äçìïóéïíïìéêþí áðïôåëåóìÜôùí ôï 1996 êáé ôï 1997 , áëëÜ ç åðßðôùóÞ ôïõò äåí îåðÝñáóå ôï 0,2% ôïõ ÁÅÐ .
Evidence available suggests that measures with a temporary effect played a role in improving the fiscal balance in 1996 and 1997 but that the impact did not exceed 0.2% of GDP .
Êáèþò ôá ìÝôñá ãéá ôï 1997 Þôáí êõñßùò  áõôïáíáóôñåöüìåíá , ôá áíôéóôáèìéóôéêÜ ìÝôñá ( Ý ÷ ïõí Þäç óõìðåñéëçöèåß óôïí ðñïûðïëïãéóìü ãéá ôï 1998 ) èá ÷ ñåéáóôåß íá Ý ÷ ïõí ôçí áíáìåíüìåíç áðüäïóç ôï 1998 êáé , åðéðëÝïí , èá ðñÝðåé íá ëçöèïýí áíôéóôáèìéóôéêÜ ìÝôñá ôá åðüìåíá Ýôç üôáí èá åêôõëßóóïíôáé ôá áõôïáíáóôñåöüìåíá áðïôåëÝóìáôá .
As the measures in 1997 were mainly of a self-reversing nature , compensating measures already included in the 1998 budget will need to yield their expected results and , in addition , compensating measures will need to be taken in later years when the self-reversing effects unwind .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ ôéò ôÜóåéò Üëëùí äçìïóéïíïìéêþí äåéêôþí , áðü ôï ÄéÜãñáììá 4 ðñïêýðôåé üôé ï ëüãïò ôùí óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí ôïõ åõñýôåñïõ êõâåñíçôéêïý ôïìÝá áõîÞèçêå óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 .
Moving on to examine trends in other fiscal indicators , it can be seen from Chart 4 that the general government total expenditure ratio rose in the early 1990s .
Ëüãù ôçò áíüäïõ ôçò áíåñãßáò , áõîÞèçêáí ïé ôñÝ ÷ ïõóåò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò ðñïò ôá íïéêïêõñéÜ , êáèþò êáé ïé äçìüóéåò äáðÜíåò ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ ( âë . Ðßíáêá 6 ) .
Against the background of rising unemployment , current transfers to households increased , as did public consumption relative to GDP ( see Table 6 ) .
ÌåôÜ ôï 1993 , ï ëüãïò óõíïëéêþí äáðáíþí / ÁÅÐ Þôáí ðåñßðïõ óôáèåñüò , áíôáíáêëþíôáò ôçí Ýíôïíç ìåßùóç ôùí äáðáíþí ãéá ôüêïõò êáé ôéò áíïäéêÝò ôÜóåéò ôùí ôñå ÷ ïõóþí ìåôáâéâÜóåùí êáé ôçò äçìüóéáò êáôáíÜëùóçò .
After 1993 the ratio of total expenditure to GDP was broadly stable , reflecting a sharp reduction in interest payments and upward trends in current transfers and public consumption .
ÓõíïëéêÜ , ï ëüãïò ôçò äáðÜíçò ôï 1997 Þôáí ðåñéóóüôåñï áðü 3,5 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò õøçëüôåñïò áðü ü , ôé óôéò áñ ÷ Ýò ôçò äåêáåôßáò ôïõ 1990 , áíôáíáêëþíôáò ôçí áýîçóç ôùí ôñå ÷ ïõóþí ìåôáâéâÜóåùí êáé ôçò äçìüóéáò êáôáíÜëùóçò , åíþ ïé äáðÜíåò ãéá ôüêïõò åßíáé Þäç ÷ áìçëüôåñåò êáôÜ 4 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò ðåñßðïõ .
On balance , the expenditure ratio in 1997 was more than 3‰ percentage points higher than at the beginning of the 1990s , reflecting an increase in current transfers and public consumption , while interest payments are now nearly 4 percentage points lower .
Ôá äçìüóéá Ýóïäá óå ó ÷ Ýóç ìå ôï ÁÅÐ ðáñïõóéÜæïõí áõîçôéêÝò ôÜóåéò áðü ôï 1994 êáé óÞìåñá åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï áðü 6 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò õøçëüôåñá áðü ü , ôé ôï 1990 .
Government revenue in relation to GDP has tended to increase since 1994 , and it is now more than 6 percentage points higher than in 1990 .
Ï ÷ åéñéóìüò , áðü ðëåõñÜò åèíéêþí ëïãáñéáóìþí , ôùí êñáôéêþí ìåôáâéâÜóåùí ðñïò ôï ôáìåßï óõíôÜîåùí ôùí äçìïóßùí 236 õðáëëÞëùí óõíåðÜãåôáé äéðëü õðïëïãéóìü ôùí åí ëüãù ìåôáâéâÜóåùí .
The national accounts treatment of the State transfers to the civil servants pension system imply a double counting of these transfers .
ÊáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò ðåñéüäïõ 1990-97 , ïé êñáôéêÝò ìåôáâéâÜóåéò ðñïò ôï ôáìåßï óõíôÜîåùí ôùí äçìïóßùí õðáëëÞëùí ðñïêÜëåóáí áõîÞóåéò êáôÜ 1,3 åêáôïóôéáßåò ìïíÜäåò óôïõò ëüãïõò ôùí åóüäùí êáé ôùí äáðáíþí ðñïò ôï ÁÅÐ .
Over the period 1990-97 , State transfers to the civil servants pension system accounted for increases of 1.3 percentage points in the ratios of both revenue and expenditure to GDP .
Óýìöùíá ìå ôç ìåóïðñüèåóìç óôñáôçãéêÞ äçìïóéïíïìéêÞò ðïëéôéêÞò ôçò Ðïñôïãáëßáò , üðùò ðáñïõóéÜóôçêå óôï íÝï Ðñüãñáììá Óýãêëéóçò 1998-2000 ( ÌÜñôéïò 1997 ) , ðñïâëÝðåôáé üôé ç ðôùôéêÞ ðïñåßá ôùí ëüãùí ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò êáé ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò èá óõíå ÷ éóôåß ôï 1998 .
According to the Portuguese medium-term fiscal strategy , as presented in the new Convergence Programme for 1998-2000 dated March 1997 , a declining trend in deficit and debt ratios is projected to continue in 1998 .
Ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò ãéá ôï 1998 åßíáé åíáñìïíéóìÝíïò ìå ôï ðñüãñáììá êáé ïé ðñïâëÝøåéò ôçò ÅðéôñïðÞò åßíáé åëáöñÜ ðéï åõíïúêÝò .
The budget plan for 1998 is in line with the programme and Commission forecasts are slightly more favourable .
Óýìöùíá ìå ôïõò óçìåñéíïýò óôü ÷ ïõò , ï ëüãïò ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò áíáìÝíåôáé íá öèÜóåé ôï 1,5% ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôï 2000 .
According to current plans , the deficit ratio is expected to reach 1.5% of GDP in the year 2000 .
Ïé óôü ÷ ïé ôùí ðñïçãïýìåíùí ðñïãñáììÜôùí ãéá ôï 1997 Ý ÷ ïõí õðåñêáëõöèåß .
The goals of the previous programmes for 1997 have been more than met .
Óå óýãêñéóç ìå ôá äçìïóéïíïìéêÜ áðïôåëÝóìáôá ðïõ ðñïâëÝðïíôáé óôï Ðñüãñáììá Óýãêëéóçò 1999-2000 , áðáéôåßôáé ðåñáéôÝñù óçìáíôéêÞ åîõãßáíóç ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá õðÜñîåé óõììüñöùóç ìå ôï ìåóïðñüèåóìï óôü ÷ ï ôïõ Óõìöþíïõ Óôáèåñüôçôáò êáé ÁíÜðôõîçò , ôï ïðïßï èá éó ÷ ýåé áðü ôï 1999 . ÂÜóåé ôïõ óôü ÷ ïõ áõôïý , ï ðñïûðïëïãéóìüò áðáéôåßôáé íá åßíáé ó ÷ åäüí éóïóêåëéóìÝíïò Þ ðëåïíáóìáôéêüò .
Compared with fiscal balances projected in the Convergence Programme for 1999-2000 , further substantial consolidation is required in order to comply with the medium-term objective of the Stability and Growth Pact , effective from 1999 onwards , of having a budgetary position that is close to balance or in surplus .
¼ óïí áöïñÜ ôç äõíçôéêÞ ìåëëïíôéêÞ ðïñåßá ôïõ ëüãïõ ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò , ç ¸ êèåóç ôïõ ÅÍÉ äåí åîåôÜæåé ôï æÞôçìá áõôü ãéá ôéò ÷ þñåò üðïõ ðñïâëÝðåôáé üôé ï ëüãïò ôïõ ÷ ñÝïõò èá åßíáé ßóïò Þ ÷ áìçëüôåñïò ôïõ 60 % ôïõ ÁÅÐ ôï 1998 .
With regard to the potential future course of the debt ratio , the EMI s Report does not consider this issue in detail for those countries forecast to have a debt ratio of 60 % of GDP or below in 1998 .
÷ ñÝïõò ôá ïðïßá ðñïÝêõøáí áðü ôïí ðåñéïñéóìü ôïõ åëëåßììáôïò ôï 1997 , ï ïðïßïò ðñïâëÝðåôáé íá óõíå ÷ éóôåß ôï 1998 .
1997 , and forecast to decline further in 1998 , for reducing the debt ratio .
ÅðéðëÝïí , üðùò ôïíßæåôáé óôïí Ðßíáêá 7 , áðü ôï 2010 ðåñßðïõ êáé ìåôÜ áíáìÝíåôáé óçìáíôéêÞ ãÞñáíóç ôïõ ðëçèõóìïý , êáé óôï ðëáßóéï ôïõ äéáíåìçôéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò óõíôÜîåùí , ïé äçìüóéåò äáðÜíåò ãéá óõíôÜîåéò áíáìÝíåôáé íá áõîçèïýí ùò ðïóïóôü ôïõ ÁÅÐ , éäéáßôåñá åÜí óõíå ÷ éóôåß áìåôÜâëçôç ç ðïëéôéêÞ ôùí êïéíùíéêïáóöáëéóôéêþí ðáñï ÷ þí .
In addition , as is highlighted in Table 7 , from around 2010 onwards a marked ageing of the population is expected and in the context of an unfunded pension system , public pension expenditure is projected to increase relative to GDP , particularly if policies regarding benefits continue unchanged .