natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Η γραμμικότητα/μη γραμμικότητα μπορεί να εκτιμηθεί με σύγκριση των σχετικών παραμέτρων, π.χ. της AUC, μετά από χορήγηση διαφορετικών δόσεων ή από εφάπαξ ή επανειλημμένη έκθεση.
The concentrations achieved are proportional to the dosing rate (exposure), and accumulation is more easily predictable. Linearity/Non-linearity can be assessed by comparing the relevant parameters, e.g. AUC, after different doses or after single and repeated exposure.
Δομικό ή βιοχημικό τμήμα (ή μονάδα) ενός σώματος, ιστού ή κυττάρου, το οποίο είναι διαχωρισμένο από το υπόλοιπο σώμα, ιστό ή κύτταρο.
Accounting of test chemical entering and leaving the system. Material balance
Μακρόχρονη παρουσία μιας χημικής ουσίας (σε ένα βιολογικό σύστημα) λόγω της ανθεκτικότητάς της στην αποδόμηση/αποβολή.
Mode of action refers to more general pathways leading to the toxicity of a test chemical. Metabolism
Ένζυμα/Ισοένζυμα:
Synonymous with “biotransformation”. Metabolites
Πρωτεΐνες που καταλύουν χημικές αντιδράσεις.
Products of metabolism or metabolic processes. Oral Absorption
Τα ισοένζυμα είναι ένζυμα που καταλύουν ομοειδείς χημικές αντιδράσεις, αλλά διαφέρουν ως προς την αλληλουχία των αμινοξέων τους.
The percentage of the dose of test chemical absorbed from the site of administration (i.e. GI tract). This critical parameter can be used to understand the fraction of the administered test chemical that reaches the portal vein, and subsequently the liver.
Διαδικασία αξιολόγησης της καταλληλότητας ενός μοντέλου για την περιγραφή των διαθέσιμων τοξικοκινητικών δεδομένων με συνέπεια.
The endpoint information for one or more chemicals is used to make a prediction of the endpoint for the target chemical. Receptor Microscopic Autoradiography (or Receptor Microautoradiography)
Επίπεδα αιχμής στο αίμα (πλάσμα/ορό):
Refers to the means by which chemicals are administered to the body (e.g. orally by gavage, orally by diet, dermal, by inhalation, intravenously, etc.). Saturation
Μέγιστη συγκέντρωση (αιχμής) στο αίμα (πλάσμα/ορό) μετά τη χορήγηση (βλ επίσης “Cmax”).
State whereby one or more of the kinetic (e.g. absorption, metabolism or clearance) process(es) are at a maximum (read “saturated”). Sensitivity
Κατάσταση μη ισορροπίας ενός ανοικτού συστήματος, κατά την οποία όλες οι δυνάμεις που επενεργούν στο σύστημα εξουδετερώνονται από τις αντίρροπες δυνάμεις, κατά τρόπο ώστε όλα τα στοιχεία του να είναι στατικά ως προς τη συγκέντρωση, παρόλο που ρέει ύλη μέσω του συστήματος.
Steady-state blood (plasma) levels Non-equilibrium state of an open system in which all forces acting on the system are exactly counter-balanced by opposing forces, in such a manner that all its components are stationary in concentration although matter is flowing through the system.
Μικροσκοπική αυτοραδιογραφία υποδοχέων (ή μικροαυτοραδιογραφία υποδοχέων):
Tmax
Test Procedures and Biometric Evaluations for the Globally Harmonized Classification System, Arch.
Dermal and Inhalation Acute Toxicity Class Methods: Test Procedures and Biometric Evaluations for the Globally Harmonized Classification System. Arch.
Diener W., Kayser D. και Schlede E. (1997), The Inhalation Acute-Toxic-Class Method, Test Procedures and Biometric Evaluations, Arch.
Diener W, Kayser D and Schlede E (1997). The Inhalation Acute-Toxic-Class Method; Test Procedures and Biometric Evaluations. Arch.
OECD (2000), Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation.
OECD (2000). Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation.
Recommendations for the Conduct of Acute Inhalation Limit Tests, Fund.
Recommendations for the Conduct of Acute Inhalation Limit Tests. Fund.
Διαδικασία δοκιμής με αρχική συγκέντρωση 0,05 mg/L/4 ώρες στην περίπτωση αερολυμάτων
0-6: Number of moribund or dead animals/tested concentraion GHS: Globally Harmonized Classification System ∞: unclassified
Διαδικασία δοκιμής με αρχική συγκέντρωση 2 mg/L/4 ώρες στην περίπτωση ατμών
Appendix 3a Starting concentration is 0,5 mg/l Appendix 3b Starting concentration is 2,0 mg/l
3 αρσενικά + 3 θηλυκά, ή 6 ζώα από το πλέον ευπαθές φύλο χρησιμοποιούνται ανά στάδιο
Appendix 3c Starting concentration is 10 mg/l Appendix 3d Starting concentration is 20 mg/l
Διαδικασία δοκιμής με αρχική συγκέντρωση 10 mg/L/4 ώρες στην περίπτωση ατμών
Testing at 50 mg/L/4h: see Guidance Document 39 (8) -------------------------------------------------- Appendix 3b
3 αρσενικά + 3 θηλυκά, ή 6 ζώα από το πλέον ευπαθές φύλο χρησιμοποιούνται ανά στάδιο
Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Test procedure with a starting concentration of 2 mg/L/4h for vapours
Αριθμός ετοιμοθάνατων ή νεκρών ζώων/ελεγχόμενη συγκέντρωση
Testing at 50 mg/L/4h: see Guidance Document 39(8) --------------------------------------------------
Διαδικασία δοκιμής με αρχική συγκέντρωση 0,05 mg/L/4 ώρες στην περίπτωση αερολυμάτων
Appendix 4b Starting concentration is 0,5 mg/l Appendix 4c Starting concentration is 1 mg/l Appendix 4d Starting concentration is 5 mg/l Depending on the number of humanely killed or dead animals, the test procedure follows the indicated arrows. [1] In the following tables reference is made to GHS (Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The EU equivalent is Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. In the case of Acute Inhalation Toxicity the Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (9) does not implement Category 5. -------------------------------------------------- Appendix 4a Acute Inhalation Toxicity:
3 αρσενικά + 3 θηλυκά, ή 6 ζώα από το πλέον ευπαθές φύλο χρησιμοποιούνται ανά στάδιο
Testing at 12.5 mg/L4h: see Guidance Document 39 (8) -------------------------------------------------- Appendix 4b Acute Inhalation Toxicity:
Διαδικασία δοκιμής με αρχική συγκέντρωση 0,5 mg/L/4 ώρες στην περίπτωση αερολυμάτων
Appendix 4c Acute Inhalation Toxicity:
Αριθμός ετοιμοθάνατων ή νεκρών ζώων/ελεγχόμενη συγκέντρωση
0-6: Number of moribund or dead animals/tested concentraion GHS: Globally Harmonized Classification System
Παγκοσμίως Εναρμονισμένο Σύστημα Ταξινόμησης
Testing at 12.5 mg/L4h: see Guidance Document 39 (8) -------------------------------------------------- Appendix 4d
μη ταξινομημένη κατηγορία
Test procedure with a starting concentration of 5 mg/L/4h for_aerosols 3 ♂ + 3 ♀, or 6 animals of the more susceptible sex are used per step
Δοκιμή με συγκέντρωση 12,5 mg/L/4 ώρες:
0-6 : Number of moribund or dead animals/tested concentraion GHS: Globally Harmonized Classification System
ανατρέξτε στο έγγραφο καθοδήγησης 39 παράγραφος 8
∞: unclassified Testing at 12.5 mg/L/4h: see Guidance Document 39 (8)
Στις μονάδες εγκατάστασης Husmann ενδέχεται να σημειωθεί ανεπαρκής καθίζηση και απώλεια ιλύος, που μπορούν να διορθωθούν με μία ή περισσότερες από τις ακόλουθες ενέργειες που παρατίθενται, στις μονάδες δοκιμής και μάρτυρα παράλληλα:
Poor settlement and loss of sludge may occur in the Husmann plant units. These may be rectified by employing one or more of the actions, listed below, in parallel in test and control units:
German Government (1962), Ordinance of the degradability of detergents in washing and cleaning agents, Bundesgesetzblatt, Pt.1 No.49:
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ISO 11733 (1995; revised 2004). Evaluation of the elimination and biodegradability of organic substances in an aqueous medium — activated sludge simulation test.
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Biodegradability determinations in trickling filter units compared with the OECD confirmatory test.
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ISO 14593 (1998), Water Quality - Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate biodegradability of organic compounds, Method by the analysis of inorganic carbon in sealed vessels.
ISO 14593 (1998). Water Quality — Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate biodegradability of organic compounds. Method by the analysis of inorganic carbon in sealed vessels.
, Biodegradability Determinations via Unspecific Analyses (Chemical Oxygen Demand, DOC) in Coupled Units of the OECD Confirmatory Test.
Biodegradability Determinations via Unspecific Analyses (Chemical Oxygen Demand, DOC) in Coupled Units of the OECD Confirmatory Test.
Laboratory Tests for Simulation of Water Treatment Processes CEC Water Pollution Report 18, Eds.
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Pitter P, Chudoba J (1990). Biodegradability of organic substances in the aquatic environment.
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Οι Baumann et al.
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ISO 14593 (1998), Water Quality-Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate biodegradability of organic substances, Method by analysis of released inorganic carbon in sealed vessels.
ISO 14593 (1998). Water Quality-Evaluation in an aqueous medium of the ultimate biodegradability of organic substances. Method by analysis of released inorganic carbon in sealed vessels.
μέσος ρυθμός ανάπτυξης ανά δοχείο
mean development rate per vessel i index of inspection interval m
i δείκτης του διαστήματος επιθεώρησης
maximum number of inspection intervals i
αριθμός χειρονόμων που εμφανίστηκαν κατά το διάστημα επιθεώρησης i
total number of midges emerged at the end of experiment (= i )
Development and validation of a new test system, Edited by M. Streloke and H.Köpp.
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EC 3738, August 1994, WRc, UK.
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ASTM International/E1706-00 (2002), Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates. pp 1125-1241, στο ASTM International 2002 Annual Book of Standards.
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Biological Effects and Environmental Fate;Biotechnology, Pesticides, ASTM, International, West Conshohocken, PA.
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Report SPE 1/RM/32, December 1997.
Report SPE 1/RM/32. December 1997.
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National Water Research Institute. Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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Environment Canada (1995). Guidance Document on Measurement of Toxicity Test Precision Using Control Sediments Spiked with a Reference Toxicant. Report EPS 1/RM/30. September 1995.
, Development of formulated reference sediments for freshwater and estuarine sediment testing, Environ.
Development of formulated reference sediments for freshwater and estuarine sediment testing. Environ.
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Παρασκευάζεται διάλυμα παρακαταθήκης βιταμινών με την προσθήκη τριών βιταμινών σε απιονισμένο νερό, όπως υποδεικνύεται στον πίνακα 3, και 0,1 ml από το διάλυμα παρακαταθήκης συνδυασμού βιταμινών προστίθενται στο τελικό θρεπτικό υλικό “Μ7” λίγο πριν από τη χρήση (το διάλυμα παρακαταθήκης βιταμινών αποθηκεύεται κατεψυγμένο σε μικρά κλάσματα).
A vitamin stock solution is prepared by adding three vitamins to deionised water as indicated in Table 3, and 0,1 ml of the combined vitamin stock solution are added to the final “M7” medium shortly before use. (The vitamin stock solution is stored frozen in small aliquots).
BBA (1995), Long-term toxicity test with Chironomus riparius:
BBA (1995). Long-term toxicity test with Chironomus riparius: Development and validation of a new test system. Edited by M. Streloke and H. Köpp.
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Berlin 1995.
Elendt B.P. και Bias W.-R.
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Trace Nutrient Deficiency in Daphnia magna Cultured in Standard Medium for Toxicity Testing. Effects on the Optimization of Culture Conditions on Life History Parameters of D. magna.
Safety 39:
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Γενικώς, η ορθότητα και ιδίως η εγκυρότητα με την οποία μπορούν να εκτιμηθούν οι συγκεντρώσεις επίδρασης (ECx), βελτιώνονται όταν η συγκέντρωση επίδρασης περικλείεται στο εύρος συγκεντρώσεων της δοκιμής.
Generally, the accuracy and especially validity, with which estimates of effect concentrations (ECx) can be made, is improved when the effect concentration is within the range of concentrations tested. Extrapolation much below the lowest positive concentration or above the highest concentration should be avoided.
Biological Effects and Environmental Fate;
Biological Effects and Environmental Fate; Biotechnology; Pesticides.
Biotechnology, Pesticides, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Environment Canada (1997), Test for Growth and Survival in Sediment using Larvae of Freshwater Midges (Chironomus tentans or Chironomus riparius), Biological Test Method, Report SPE 1/RM/32.
Environment Canada (1997). Test for Growth and Survival in Sediment using Larvae of Freshwater Midges (Chironomus tentans or Chironomus riparius). Biological Test Method. Report SPE 1/RM/32.
EPA 600/R-99/064, March 2000, Revision to the first edition dated June 1994.
EPA 600/R-99/064. March 2000. Revision to the first edition dated June 1994.
, Recent intra- and inter-laboratory studies related to the development and standardisation of Environment Canada’s biological test methods for measuring sediment toxicity using freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and midge larvae (Chironomus riparius), Technical Report.
Recent intra- and inter-laboratory studies related to the development and standardisation of Environment Canada’s biological test methods for measuring sediment toxicity using freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and midge larvae (Chironomus riparius). Technical Report. Environment Canada.
, Intra-specific variations of the susceptibility of insecticides in Chironomus yoshimatsui, Jp.
Intra-specific variations of the susceptibility of insecticides in Chironomus yoshimatsui. Jp.
I. Culture methods of some Japanese Chironomids (Chironomidae, Diptera), Jp.
I. Culture methods of some Japanese Chironomids (Chironomidae, Diptera). Jp.
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A multiple comparisons procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. J. Amer.
Bruce και Versteeg (1992), A statistical procedure for modelling continuous toxicity data, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:1485-1494.
Bruce and Versteeg (1992). A statistical procedure for modelling continuous toxicity data. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:1485-1494.
BBA (1995), Long-term toxicity test with Chironomus riparius:
BBA (1995). Long-term toxicity test with Chironomus riparius: Development and validation of a new test system. Edited by M. Streloke and H.Köpp.
Development and validation of a new test system, Edited by M. Streloke and H.Köpp, Berlin 1995.
Berlin 1995. Elendt BP (1990).
, Selenium Deficiency in Crustacean, Protoplasma 154:
Protoplasma 154: 25-33. Elendt BP and Bias W-R (1990).
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Effects on the Optimization of Culture Conditions on Life History Parameters of D. magna.
Meller M., Egeler P., Rombke J., Schallnass H., Nagel R., Streit B. (1998), Short-term Toxicity of Lindane, Hexachlorobenzene and Copper Sulfate on Tubificid Sludgeworms (Oligochaeta) in Artificial Media, Ecotox. and Environ.
Meller M, Egeler P, Rombke J, Schallnass H, Nagel R and Streit B (1998). Short-term Toxicity of Lindane, Hexachlorobenzene and Copper Sulfate on Tubificid Sludgeworms (Oligochaeta) in Artificial Media. Ecotox. and Environ.
τριμεθυλαμμώνιο [7](κατιονικό)
Hexadecyl-trimethyl [7]Ammonium chloride (cationic)
TICT mg TIC στη φιάλη δοκιμής στον χρόνο t,
TIC t mg TIC in test bottle at time t;
TICb μέσος TIC σε mg σε τυφλές φιάλες σε χρόνο t,
TIC b mean mg TIC in blank bottles at time t;
Env.
Appl Env.
ISO 9439 (1990, revised 1999), Water Quality - Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium - Carbon dioxide evolution Test (Sturm).
ISO 9439 (1990; revised 1999). Water Quality — Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium — Carbon dioxide evolution Test (Sturm).
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Weytjens D., Van Ginneken I. και Painter H.A.
Weytjens D, Van Ginneken I and Painter HA (1994). The recovery of carbon dioxide in the Sturm test for ready biodegradability.