natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hvad der oprindeligt var planlagt som en mindre undersøgelse kom til at vare i 9 år frem til 1942.
What had been originally envisioned as a small-scale investigation ended up lasting 9 years, up until 1942.
På det tidspunkt var størstedelen af området undersøgt, og de ydre forsvarsværker var blevet opdaget på et usædvanligt heldigt luftfoto i 1936.
By this time most of the area had been investigated, and the outer defences had in 1936 been discovered on an aerial photograph.
Indtil da havde ydervolden været ukendt, da den ikke længere var synlig i landskabet.
Up until then, the outer earthwork had not been known as it was no longer visible in the landscape.
Det blev gennemrenoveret i begyndelsen af 1980'erne, og til trods for at huset siden opførelsen har vist sig ukorrekt i visse henseender, giver det et godt overordnet indblik i langhusenes udseende og konstruktion.
It was thoroughly renovated at the start of the 1980s, and despite the fact that it has since its construction been shown to be incorrect in certain respects, the house still gives a good overall impression of the appearance and construction of long houses.
Det bliver en rejse fra fortællinger i flammernes skær, over livet som viking og kriger, til rejsen til Valhal samt overgangen til kristendommen.
It will be a voyage from the stories that were told in the glow of the fireplace, to the life as a Viking and a warrior, the path to Valhalla as well as the transition to Christianity.
Hele besøget kan krones med en tur på den nye tagterrasse med udsigt over hele monumentområdet.
From our new roof-terrace there is a splendid view of the entire monument complex.
Fra terrassen kan man også gennem avancerede kikkerter se, hvordan Jelling så ud for 1000 år siden.
Through advanced binoculars fitted with augmented reality you can see what Jelling looked like a thousand years ago.
Det indeholdt to fine mankestole til køreheste.
It contained two fine harness bows for carriage horses.
Mankestolene er lavet af træ med beslag og anden udsmykning fremstillet af forgyldt bronze.
The harness bows are of wood, with fittings and decoration made from gilded bronze.
De to stykker var en del af seletøjet, og de blev placeret på hestens ryg.
The two pieces were part of the harness and were placed on the backs of the horses.
Foruden at være dekorative og indikere rigdom var mankestolenes funktion at holde styr på tømmerne.
Besides being decorative and indicating wealth, they functioned as a guide for the reins on wagon horses.
Samme sted blev også fundet flere kobberfade samt en model til fremstilling af smykker.
At the same place several copper dishes and a model for making jewellery were found.
Desuden indeholdt fundet et fornemt træskrin med forgyldte beslag; træet var dog ikke bevaret.
In addition, the find included a fine wooden casket with gilded fittings, although the wood has not survived.
Man kunne gå, ride og køre.
People could walk, ride or drive a carriage.
Om vinteren kunne man tillige komme frem ved hjælp af ski, skøjter og slæder.
In the winter they could also move around aided by skis, skates or sledges.
Vogne var i brug i de områder, hvor terrænet tillod det.
Carriages were used in the areas where the terrain allowed.
Der kendes veje i form af hjulspor.
The roads of the Viking Age are known from wheel ruts.
Okser kunne bruges til at trække grove arbejdsvogne, mens heste formentlig oftest blev brugt til transport af personer.
Oxen could be used to pull crude working carriages, while presumably horses were mostly used for transporting people.
Indimellem gøres arkæologiske fund, der vidner om vikingetidens transportmuligheder.
Archaeological finds have been made, which attest to the transport options available in the Viking Age.
Ud over mankestole, som dem der var i depotet fra Mammen, kendes fund af vognfadinger (vognens kasse).
In addition to the harness bow, which was part of the hoard from Mammen, finds of carriage bodies have also been made.
Disse vognfadinger findes sommetider i forbindelse med kvindegrave, hvor de har været anvendt som ligkister.
These carriage bodies are sometimes found in women’s graves, where they were used as coffins.
Den er af jern med indlægninger af sølv.
It is made of iron with silver inlay.
Øksen er dekoreret i den såkaldte Mammen-stil, opkaldt netop efter dette fund.
The axe is decorated in the so-called Mammen style, which is named after this particular find.
Stilen er opstået i midten af 900-årene, og den lever videre til omkring år 1000.
The style arose in the 900s and it survived until around 1000.
Motiverne på øksen kan både opfattes som kristne og hedenske.
The motifs on the axe can be interpreted as both Christian and pagan.
På den ene side ses et træ-motiv.
On one side a tree motif can be seen.
Det kan symbolisere det kristne Livets Træ eller det hedenske træ Yggdrasil.
It may symbolise the Christian Tree of Life or the pagan tree Yggdrasil.
På den anden side ses en dyrefigur – måske Hanen Gyldenkam eller Fugl Fønix.
On the other side is an animal figure – perhaps the rooster Gullinkambi (Old Norse “golden comb”) or the Phoenix.
Hanen Gyldenkam sidder, ifølge den nordiske mytologi, i toppen af træet Yggdrasil.
According to Norse mythology Gullinkambi sits on top of the tree Yggdrasil.
Her vækker den hver morgen vikingekrigerne, og den vil gale ved Ragnaroks komme.
Here it wakes the Viking warriors every morning and it will crow at the beginning of Ragnarok (the end of the world).
Fugl Fønix er et kristent fabeldyr og et symbol på genfødsel.
The Phoenix is a Christian mythological animal and a symbol of re-birth.
Dragten var meget ødelagt, men oprindeligt må den have udgjort et fantastisk syn.
The clothes were badly damaged, but originally must have been a fantastic sight.
Den var fremstillet i eksklusive materialer.
They were made of exclusive materials.
Udgravningen blev ikke varetaget efter vore dages standarder, og der findes ingen samtidige optegnelser af fundene.
The excavation was not carried out to today’s standards and no record of the finds were made at the time.
Det er derfor vanskeligt at identificere tekstilernes funktion.
It is therefore difficult to establish the function of the textiles.
Manden var lagt på en blå ulden pude dekoreret med broderi i rødt.
The man was laid on a blue woollen cushion decorated with red embroidery.
Formodentlig bar han en ulden tunika.
He probably wore a woollen tunic.
Et blåt gazestof udgør måske resterne af hans knæbukser.
A blue gauze material perhaps makes up what is left of his breeches.
Han bar også en ulden kappe foret med pels fra murmeldyr.
He also wore a woollen cape lined with marmot fur.
Tunikaen og kappen var broderet med komplicerede mønstre; leoparder, firfodede dyr, fugle masker og akanthusblade i røde, blå og gule nuancer.
The tunic and cape were embroidered with complicated patterns: leopards, four-footed animals, bird masks and acanthus leaves in shades of red, blue and yellow.
Der blev også fundet mange brikvævede bånd i graven, nogle fremstillet i lilla uld, andre i lilla silke, med indvævede guld- og sølvtråde.
Many tablet-woven bands were also found in the grave, some made of lilac wool and others of lilac silk with interwoven gold and silver thread.
Det er usikkert, hvordan båndene dekorerede dragten.
It is uncertain, how the bands decorated the costume.
En kammergrav består af et trækammer, der enten er gravet ned i jorden eller som er placeret i en høj.
A chamber-grave consists of a wooden chamber, which is either dug down into the earth or placed in a mound.
Fra Danmark og det gammeldanske område kender vi omkring 60 kammergrave.
From Denmark and the old Danish area we know of around 60 chamber-graves.
De fleste grave er fundet i området syd for den dansk-tyske grænse.
Most of the burials have been found in the area south of the Danish-German border.
Men de kan også findes i Jylland, på Fyn, Langeland og Lolland.
But they can also be found in Jutland, as well as on Funen, Langeland and Lolland.
På Sjælland er de endnu ikke fundet.
Such chamber-graves are yet to be found on Zealand.
Gravtypen kom i brug i slutningen af 800-årene - måske som en manifestation overfor den fremtrængende kristendom?
The grave type comes into use at the end of the 800s – perhaps to counter the advancing Christianity?
Ved genudgravningen af Mammen-graven i 1986 fik man nye værdifulde oplysninger om graven.
With the re-excavation of the grave from Mammen in 1986 valuable new information was obtained.
Man genfandt resterne af kammeret, der var ca. 2 x 3 meter stort.
The remains of the chamber were found again, which had an area of 2 x 3 m.
Tre svære stolper i hver ende havde formentlig båret et sadeltag.
Three heavy posts in each end had apparently born the pitched roof.
Årringdatering af graven afslørede, at den døde var gravlagt omkring år 970-971 – få år efter Danmark officielt var blevet kristent.
Tree-ring dating of the grave revealed that the dead man was buried around 970-971 – a few years after Denmark officially became Christian.
Dette træs fældningstidspunkt kan fastslås ved hjælp af såkaldt dendrokronologi - populært også kaldet ”årringdatering”.
This wood’s felling date can be established with the help of so-called dendrochronology – known more popularly as “tree-ring dating”.
Ved dendrokronologi måler man bredden af årringene i et givent stykke tømmer.
In dendrochronology the width of year rings is measured in a given piece of wood.
Dernæst sammenligner man bredden af årringene i dette stykke tømmer med bredden af årringene i et stykke tømmer, hvor man kender dets alder.
Next the width of the year rings in that piece of wood is compared with the width of year rings in a piece of wood of which the age is known.
På denne måde kan man bestemme det præcise fældningsår.
In this way the exact felling year can be determined.
Det forudsætter dog, at de yderste årringe ikke er hugget væk.
However, it presupposes that the outer year rings have not been chopped away.
Yderligere skal også nogle forhold vedrørende træets art og vækstforhold være opfyldt.
Furthermore, certain conditions relating to the species of tree and growth environment need also to be fulfilled.
De træprøver, der ligger til grund for den dendrokronologiske datering af Mammen-graven, blev fundet i 1986.
The wood samples, which provide the basis of the dendrochronological dating of the grave from Mammen, were found in 1986.
Her blev kammeret genfundet ved en arkæologisk undersøgelse.
In this year the chamber was uncovered again by archaeological excavation.
Blandt vikingerne var både handelsmænd og diplomater, krigere og erobrere, der færdedes i områder uden for Danmark.
Amongst the Vikings there were traders and diplomats, as well as warriors and conquerors, who travelled widely in areas outside Denmark.
En stor del af befolkningen levede dog af landbrug, og vi må forestille os, at de blev hjemme og passede gården.
However, much of the population lived as farmers and we must presume that they stayed home and looked after the farm.
Et af de steder, hvor vi kan aflæse vikingernes udenlandske aktiviteter, er blandt sølvskattene.
However, we can see evidence of the Vikings’ activities abroad from the silver hoards.
Mange af disse skatte indeholder nemlig genstande, der stammer fra fjerne egne.
Many of these hoards contain objects that come from faraway places.
Især består skattene af sølv-sager, dette metal var vikingetidens egentlige valuta.
This metal was the real currency of the Viking Age.
Varer blev betalt i sølv efter vægt.
Goods were paid for in silver by weight.
Ved en handel blev den krævede mængde sølv blot klippet af.
In a transaction the required amount of silver was simply cut off.
Enkelte skatte kan være offergaver.
A few hoards may be votive offerings.
Hovedparten af fundene synes at være værdibeholdninger, der blev gemt på grund af f. eks. urolige tider.
Most of the finds seem to be stocks of valuables that were hidden, for example during times of trouble.
Fundet fra 2002 bestod af omtrent 50 stykker sølv, fortrinsvis bæltespænder, rembeslag og hængesmykker.
The find from 2002 consisted of about 50 pieces of silver, mainly buckles, strap fittings and pendants.
I alt var her 1,3 kg sølv.
There was a total of 1.3 kg of silver.
I vikingetiden var det ikke ualmindeligt, at man nedgravede sølvskatte.
In the Viking Age it was not uncommon to bury silver hoards.
Flere eksempler kendes fra det danske område.
Several examples are known from Denmark.
Det usædvanlige ved dette fund er, at det består af fornemt våbenudstyr af sølv fra det frankiske rige – sådanne genstande er aldrig før fundet i så stor en koncentration i hele Europa!
Such objects have never before been found in such a high concentration anywhere in Europe!
Hvem der har gravet skatten ned og hvorfor er usikkert.
It is uncertain who buried the hoard and why.
Måske var det en rigmand der ville sikre sine værdier, eller også repræsenterer skatten en sølvsmeds eller handelsrejsendes metaldepot.
Perhaps it was a rich man who wanted to protect his valuables, or else the hoard represents the metal stock of a silversmith or a travelling merchant.
Skatten er nedgravet i sidste halvdel af det 10. årh.
The hoard was buried in the last half of the tenth century.
På trods af dette blev guldarmringe også vægtjusteret ved påsætning af mindre guldringe.
Despite this, gold arm rings were also adjusted in weight by the addition of smaller gold rings.
Guldet kunne bruges som betalingsmiddel i vikingetiden.
Like silver, gold could be used as a means of payment in the Viking Age.
Guldringe optræder af og til i de større sølvskatte, men ofte findes guldgenstandene alene eller med andre guldsmykker.
Gold rings appear now and then in the larger silver hoards, but often the gold objects are found alone or with other gold ornaments.
Guldskattene repræsenterer sandsynligvis både ofringer og bortgemte formuer.
The gold hoards of the Viking period probably represent both sacrifices and hidden capital.
Anlægget består af en inderborg og en forborg.
The structure consists of an inner fortress and an outer ward.
Borgen er placeret på et næs mellem to åer, Tude Å og Vårby Å, som har ydet naturlig beskyttelse i tre retninger.
The fortress is located close to the confluence of two rivers, the River Tude and the River Vårby, which provided natural protection in three directions.
Forborgen indkredses af en jordvold, der strækker sig mellem de to åer, og således afgrænser hele næsset.
The outer ward is encircled by a rampart which stretches between the two rivers and thus delimits the whole area between them.
Inderborgen består af en fuldkommen cirkelrund jordvold, ca. 136 m. i diameter.
The inner fortress consists of a perfectly circular rampart, which is c. 136 m in diameter.
Indervoldens grav er ca. 17 meter bred og 4 meter dyb.
The moat of the inner rampart is c. 17 m wide and 4 m deep.
Mod sydøst har der stået en tømret bro, der er placeret midt imellem de to hovedporte til inderborgen.
Near the north and west gates there were also two small, square houses.
På den måde har en angribende fjende haft længst mulig afstand at gå for at nå hen til portene, og har dermed været mest sårbar.
Traces of a number of other buildings have also been found in the area but it is unclear whether any of these relate to the fortress as they may not be contemporary to it.
To af disse huse ligger for sig selv, i en afstand af ca. 30 meter fra resten af husrækken.
Two of these houses are isolated: they are located at a distance of c. 30 m from the other houses.
Også her er der spor af andre, mindre hustyper.
There are also traces of other, smaller house types.
Ydervolden afsluttes på nordsiden i et kvadratisk areal, der har rummet borgens gravplads, hvor der blev fundet spor af 135 grave med mindst 157 personer.
The outer rampart demarcates a square area to the north, which contained the burial place of the fortress where 135 graves containing at least 157 people have been found.
De fleste grave var enkeltgrave, men nogle få begravelser med flere personer blev påvist.
Most of these were single graves but some held the remains of several individuals.
Gravgodset var yderst beskedent.
The manning of the fortress
Det vides ikke med sikkerhed, hvor stor borgens samlede bemanding har været, men et mandskab på mellem 500 og 800 er ikke urealistisk.
It is not known with certainty how many people were stationed at the fortress but between 500 and 800 is not unrealistic.
Kun de to sydligste af langhusene på forborgen rummer spor af ildsteder.
Only the two southernmost long houses of the outer ward contained evidence of having had fireplaces.
Forborgens vold og grav har været betydeligt mindre end inderborgens, og der er ikke fundet spor af palisader eller andre befæstninger på den.
The rampart and moat of the outer ward were significantly smaller than those of the inner fortress, and no traces of associated palisades or other fortifications have been found.
Muligvis er ydervolden aldrig blevet helt færdiggjort.
The outer rampart was perhaps never fully completed.
Ydervoldens grav er både smallere og mindre dyb end indergraven, og der er ingen spor af pælerækker.
The outer rampart’s moat is narrower and shallower than the inner moat, and no traces of wooden stakes have been identified.
Husene har buede vægge, og alle langhusene på inderborgen og 9 af forborgens huse er inddelt i et stort, 18 meter langt midterrum og to små gavlrum.
The houses have curving walls, and all the long houses of the inner fortress and 9 of those in the outer ward feature a large, 18-metres-long middle room and two small gable rooms.
Langhusene er opført helt i tømmer og støttes på ydersiden hele vejen rundt af en række skråtstillede stolper.
The long houses were constructed entirely of timbers and were supported on the outside by a row of slanting posts.
Muligvis er tagspærene ført helt ned i jorden for at støtte husets konstruktion.
The roof-supporting timbers may have gone down below the ground surface to support the structure of the house.
De to spænder er de fineste fra Danmarks vikingetid.
The two brooches are the finest from the Danish Viking Age.
Spændernes relief er udhamret over en matrice, og de er dekoreret med filigrantråde og granulationskorn.
They are decorated with wire filigree and granulation.
Deres dekoration med bladranker og vinløv har oprindelse i kristen kunst.
Their decoration with foliage and vine leaves has its origin in Christian art.
De nordiske dyrehoveder på det ene spænde viser, at de er fremstillet af en dansk guldsmed i sidste halvdel af 10. årh.
The Norse animal heads on one brooch show that they were made by a Danish goldsmith in the last half of the tenth century.
Lokalitetens betydning har gjort den værdig til at komme på UNESCOs liste over verdens kulturarv.
The locality is so significant that it has earned a place on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
Det var også Harald, der her rejste to store gravhøje til minde om sine forældre.
It was also Harald who built two large burial mounds in memory of his parents.
I Nordhøjen, som er den ældste, er fundet et gravkammer, der blev bygget 958-59.
In the North Mound, which is the earliest, a burial chamber was built in 958-59 AD.
Kernen i Nordhøjen udgøres af en meget ældre høj fra bronzealderen, som man i vikingetiden har valgt at ”udbygge” – enten for at lette byggearbejdet eller måske fordi man tillagde den gamle høj en særlig betydning?
The core of the North Mound consists of a much older mound from the Bronze Age, which was enlarged in the Viking Age – either to make the construction work easier or perhaps because the ancient mound had a special significance?
Alt indholdet i Nordhøjens gravkammer og den døde blev fjernet ved et indbrud allerede i vikingetiden.
All of the contents of the North Mound’s burial chamber, as well as remains of the dead, were removed in a robbery during the Viking period.
Sydhøjen, som er den største af de to høje, 10 m høj og 70 m i diameter, blev opført omkring 970.
The South Mound is the largest of the two, measuring 10 m in height and 70 m in diameter, and was constructed around 970.
Den har ikke rummet nogen begravelse.
It did not contain any burials.
Mellem de to gravhøje, Nordhøjen og Sydhøjen, rejste han en kirke af træ, der rummede et gravkammer under gulvet.
Between the two burial mounds, the North Mound and the South Mound, he erected a wooden church, with a burial chamber under its floor.
I graven er fundet rester af en mand, som oprindeligt har ligget begravet et andet sted.
In the tomb were the remains of a man, who originally had been buried elsewhere.
Måske foretog Kong Harald en genbegravelse af sin far, Kong Gorm.
It may be that King Harald re-buried his father, King Gorm.
Udgravninger 1976-79 viste, at kirken har haft tre forgængere bygget af træ.
Excavations between 1976 and 1979 revealed that the church had three predecessors built of wood.
Under gulvet i den første trækirke var der indrettet et gravkammer af egetræ.
Beneath the floor in the first wooden church a burial chamber of oak had been constructed.
Det indeholdt resterne af en genbegravet mand på 40-50 år.
It contained the re-buried remains of a man, who was between 40 and 50 years of age.
I graven var rester af guldbrokade til en fornem dragt og to sølvbeslag med ornamenter i den samme stil, som pryder de få genstande, som var efterladt i det plyndrede gravkammer i Nordhøjen.
Also found in the tomb were small pieces of gold brocade from a fine costume and two silver mountings in the same decorative style as the objects left after the plundering of the burial chamber in the North Mound.
Den døde kan være kong Gorm den gamle, der blev flyttet fra Nordhøjen for at få en kristen gravlæggelse i trækirken.
The dead man may be King Gorm the Old, who was moved from the North Mound for a Christian burial in the wooden church.
Ved den lejlighed fandt de et stort vokslys.
On that occasion they found a large wax candle.
Vokslys er fundet i ganske få af vikingetidens grave i Danmark – som for eksempel Mammengraven, der også er udstillet på Nationalmuseet.
Candles have only rarely been found in Viking Age graves in Denmark, such as the Mammen grave, which is also displayed at the National Museum.
Vokslys kendes også fra grave fra Norge, Rusland og Ukraine.
Candles are also known from graves in Norway, Russia and the Ukraine.
Vokslysene er formentlig introduceret i Skandinavien på det tidspunkt, hvor trosskiftet til kristendommen fandt sted – måske som symbolet på lyset og det evige liv?
They were apparently introduced to Scandinavia at this point, when the conversion to Christianity took place, perhaps as the symbol of the light and everlasting life.
Således kan de være udtryk for, at de døde var kristne.
In this way candles can indicate that the dead were Christian.
At Gorm ofte fremhæves som den første konge skyldes, at han er den første, der nævnes i samtidige, danske skriftlige kilder, nemlig de to runesten i Jelling.
Gorm is often said to be the first king due to the fact that he is the first named in contemporary Danish written sources: the two rune stones at Jelling.
Gorm var gift med Thyra og far til Harald Blåtand.
Gorm was married to Thyra and was the father of Harald Bluetooth.
Og både far og søn var involveret i opførslen af de forskellige monumenter i Jelling.
Both father and son were involved in the construction of the monuments at Jelling.
Gorm regerede indtil sin død omkring 958 e.Kr., hvorefter Harald Blåtand overtog magten og regerede i perioden 958-987 e.Kr. Haralds Blåtand havde en søn: Svend Tveskæg, som med kamp tog magten fra sin far.
Gorm ruled until his death around 958 AD, after which Harald Bluetooth took power and reigned in the period 958-987 AD.
Svend stod i spidsen for flere store vikingetogter mod englænderne, og han var i en periode konge over både Danmark, Norge og England.
Svein led several large Viking raids against the English, and for a period he was king of Denmark, Norway and England.
Han skal – ligesom sin far – være blevet gravlagt i Roskilde Domkirke.
Like his father, he is said to be buried in Roskilde Cathedral.
Kobberstrukne portrætter af Jelling-kongerne, udført af Albert Haelwegh, trykt i 1685.
Copperplate engraved portraits of the Jelling Kings , conducted by Albert Haelwegh , printed in 1685.