natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det er således ikke tilladt at downloade billederne og lægge dem på lager med henblik på opbygning af egne billedarkiver eller at videregive dem til tredjemand.
It is thus not permitted to download the files to put them on stock as part of the building up of ones own photo archives nor to pass them on to third parties.
I forbindelse med publicering skal Frihedsmuseet og den oprindelige fotograf (såfremt denne kendes) angives som billedkilde.
In case of publication The Museum of Danish Resistance 1940-1945 must be mentioned as source.
Bemærk venligst: Af tidsmæssige og principielle grunde kan Frihedsmuseet ikke påtage sig at bekræfte betingelserne for gratis download af billeder over for individuelle brugere
Please notice: For reasons of time and principle, The Museum of Danish Resistance cannot undertake to confirm the conditions for free download to individual users.
Hvis du ønsker at bestille sådanne scanninger, skal du sende en mail med angivelse af billednumrene på de billeder, du ønsker.
To order such scans, send a mail specifying the picture numbers of the images you wish to order.
Prisen for en scanning er 270 kr. excl. moms.
The price of a scan of a black-and-white print is 270 DKK.
Geografisk var de fordelt i Nordatlanten, Sydatlanten og Asien.
Geographically they were located in the northern Atlantic, the southern Atlantic and in Asia.
De nordatlantiske områder omfattede Grønland, Island og Færøerne.
In the northern atlantic they included Greenland, Iceland and the Faeroe Islands.
I Sydatlanten omfattede de Dansk Vestindien i Caribien og Guldkysten i Ghana og i Asien havde Danmark interesser i Tranquebar og Serampore.
In the southern atlantic they included The Danish West Indies in the Caribbean, The Gold Coast in Western Africa and in Asia Denmark established a small colony in Tranquebar and trading station in Serampore.
Siden sidste halvdel af 1600-tallet og frem til 1917 var de tre caribiske øer St. Thomas, St. Jan og St. Croix dansk koloni.
From the late 17th century and undtil 1917 the three Caribbean islands of St. Thomas, St. Jan and St. Croix were a Danish colony.
Fra 1620 - 1845 var Tranquebar på den sydindiske østkyst en dansk handelsstation og koloni.
Between 1620 - 1845 Tranquebar on the Coromandel coast in Southern India was a Danish trading station and colony.
I 1917 blev kolonien solgt til USA for 25 mio. dollars i guld.
In 1917 the colony was sold to the U.S. for $25 million in gold coin.
Nogle år før koloniseringen af St. Thomas havde Danmark etableret forter på Afrikas vestkyst med det formål at handle med guld, elfenben og slavegjorte afrikanere.
Some years prior to the colonisation of St. Thomas, Denmark had built forts on the west coast of Africa for the trade of goods, including enslaved Africans.
Det blev startskuddet på en storstilet handel og fragt af mennesker over Atlanten, hvor de blev opkøbt af plantageejere til at arbejde i sukkerrørsproduktionen.
This marked the beginning of the large-scale trade and transportation of human beings across the Atlantic, where they were bought by plantation owners to produce sugar.
I alt skønner man i dag at omkring 120.000 slavegjorte afrikanere blev fragtet på de danske skibe til Caribien.
Today is it estimated that around 120,000 enslaved Africans were transported to the Caribbean on Danish ships.
Mange af dem nåede aldrig at komme frem, og hvis de gjorde, ventede der dem en hård skæbne i sukkerrørsmarkerne.
Many of them did not survive the passage, and if they did a harsh fate awaited them in the sugarcane fields.
Sukker blev i løbet af 1600-tallet en efterspurgt vare i kongeriget Danmark-Norge og resten af Europa.
During the 1600s sugar became a popular commodity throughout Europe.
Ønsket om selv at kunne producere det søde stof fik det dansk-norske kongerige til at støtte initiativer til at kolonisere et område i Vestindien.
The production of this sweet substance was what drove the kingdom of Denmark-Norway to support initiatives to colonise an area in the West Indies.
I 1671 oprettede man Vestindisk Kompagni i København, som i 1672 koloniserede den ubeboede ø St. Thomas.
In 1671 the West Indian Company was founded in Copenhagen, and in 1672 colonised the uninhabited island of St. Thomas.
I de følgende år arbejdede kompagniet på at få etableret plantagedrift og sukkerrørsproduktion på øen.
Over the years that followed the company worked to establish plantations and sugar cane production on the island.
Det var et hårdt og slidsomt arbejde i den tropiske varme, og der var mangel på arbejdskraft.
It was hard work in the tropical heat, and they lacked manpower.
Efterhånden, som årene gik, var al jord på St. Thomas under opdyrkning, og danskerne begyndte at lede efter nyt land til plantagedrift.
Over time all the land on St. Thomas was cultivated, and the Danes started to look for new territories for plantations.
Valget faldt på den ubeboede naboø St. Jan (nu St. John), som i 1718 blev koloniseret.
In 1718 they colonised the uninhabited island of St. Jan (now St. John).
Det var disse tre øer, der kom til at udgøre Dansk Vestindien.
These three islands came to comprise the Danish West Indies.
Kun på grund af militær assistance fra de franske og engelske naboøer lykkedes det Danmark at nedkæmpe oprøret.
Only with the assistance of their French and English neighbours were the Danes able to suppress the rebellion.
Det skete i 1792 med den såkaldte Forordning om Negerhandelen.
This happened in 1792, with the passage of a bill banning the slave trade [Forordning om Negerhandelen].
Men forbuddet betød ikke, at slaveriet som sådan ophørte.
But this ban did not end slavery.
Plantageejerne i Vestindien måtte nemlig fortsat godt have slaver.
Plantation owners in the West Indies were still allowed to own slaves.
Det var imidlertid ikke empati for de slavegjorte mennesker, der alene var årsag til forbuddet mod den transatlantiske slavehandel.
The ban on the transatlantic slave trade was also not solely motivated by empathy with the enslaved.
Det handlede i sidste ende om økonomi.
Ultimately, it was all about economics.
De mange dødsfald under skibsfarten betød nemlig tabte indtægter for slavehandleren.
The large number of enslaved Africans that died during passage resulted in financial losses for the slave traders.
Forbuddet trådte desuden heller ikke i kraft med det samme, men først i 1803.
The ban also did not come into effect until over ten years later, in 1803.
I denne 10-års periode eksploderede antallet af slaveoverfarter med støtte fra den danske regering i form af fordelagtige lån.
During that time the number of slave passages exploded, directly supported by the Danish government, who issued favourable loans to facilitate it.
Og med skattelettelser på indførelsen af kvindelige slaver stod målet klart: Dansk Vestindien skulle blive selvforsynende med slaver.
And with the introduction of tax relief for the introduction of female slaves the agenda was clear: the Danish West Indies were to be self-sufficient in slaves.
Der var ligefrem tale om at oprette særlige avlsplantager, hvor kvindelige slaver skulle avle fremtidens arbejdskraft.
Breeding plantations where women slaves were to raise future slaves were even considered.
Mens slaveriet blev afskaffet på de britiske Jomfruøer i 1833, fortsatte slaveriet ufortrødent i Dansk Vestindien.
Whilst slavery was abolished on the British Virgin Islands in 1833, it continued unimpeded in the Danish West Indies.
Helt frem til slaveriets afskaffelse i 1848.
Right up until 1848.
I Danmark fremhæver vi gerne, at det var Guvernør Peter von Scholten, der gav slaverne deres frihed.
In Denmark people like to claim that Governor General Peter von Scholten granted the slaves their freedom.
Hvad betød afskaffelsen af slaveriet for den vestindiske befolkning?
What did the abolition of slavery mean for the West Indian population?
Efter 1848 fik de forhenværende slaver ansættelse som arbejdere på de selv samme plantager.
After 1848 former slaves were employed as labourers on the very same plantations they had worked on before abolition.
Deres levevilkår forbedredes ikke væsentligt – hverken hvad angik bolig, sundhed, uddannelse eller økonomi.
Their living conditions did not improve much in terms of accommodation, healthcare, education or income.
Utilfredsheden bredte sig og førte i 1878 til det arbejderoprør på St. Croix, der kaldes Fireburn.
Discontent spread, and in 1878 culminated in a workers’ revolt on St. Croix called ’Fireburn’.
Det er nyttigt, når man går på jagt efter større byttedyr.
This is useful when hunting large prey.
Den brede æg forårsager stor skade på dyrene, der forbløder forholdsvist hurtigt og ikke når at bevæge sig for langt væk fra jægeren.
The broad cutting edge causes severe injuries to the animals, that bleed to death relatively quickly and are unable to move far away from the hunter.
Mange af dem nåede aldrig at komme frem, og hvis de gjorde, ventede der dem en hård skæbne i sukkerrørsmarkerne.
Many of them never survived the journey, and if they did a hard life awaited in the cane fields.
Ved ankomsten til Dansk Vestindien blev de slavegjorte afrikanere solgt på auktion til højestbydende.
On arriving in the Danish West Indies enslaved Africans were auctioned to the highest bidder.
Ofte blev familier splittede, da familiemedlemmer blev opkøbt af forskellige plantager.
Families were often split when their members were bought by different plantations.
Selv hvis man var heldig at ende på den samme plantage, var der altid en risiko for, at ens mand, kone eller børn blev solgt videre.
Even if they were lucky enough to end up on the same plantation, they lived with the constant fear that their husband, wife or children could be resold and sent elsewhere.
Den slavegjorte befolknings arbejde var så fysisk krævende, at flere døde, end der blev født.
The work of the enslaved was so physically gruelling that more died than were born.
Det betød, at der konstant var brug for at indføre flere slaver.
This created a constant demand to import more slaves.
Som arbejdskraft gjorde det dem uerstattelige på plantagen.
This made them irreplaceable as plantation labourers.
Bombaen besad en af de højeste positioner.
The bomba held one of the highest positions.
Han var slave, men udpeget som formand for de arbejdende slaver.
He was enslaved, but appointed to control the other slaves.
Han var både frygtet og respekteret af plantagens slavegjorte befolkning.
He was both feared and respected by the enslaved population on the plantation.
Hans opgave var ikke blot at holde resten til arbejdet, men også at uddele straffe.
His job was not only to keep everyone performing slave labour, but also to administer punishment.
Nogle steder styrede bombaen ligefrem plantagen, hvis der ikke var ansat en forvalter.
On plantations with no manager the bomba actually ran the plantation.
Positionen som bomba gav gerne nogle fordele for ham selv og hans familie.
There were advantages to the position, both for the bomba himself and his family.
Det kunne f.eks. være, at hans døtre fik arbejde i huset som tjenestepige fremfor det opslidende arbejde i marken.
His daughters, for example, might work as servants in the main house instead of doing the backbreaking work of field slaves.
Formålet var at producere tropiske produkter som bomuld, kaffe og sukkerrør, der ikke kunne dyrkes hjemme i det koldere Danmark.
Their purpose was to produce tropical goods like cotton, coffee and sugar cane that could not be grown in the cold climate of Denmark.
Med tiden blev det produktionen af sukker, som fik særlig betydning i den nye koloni.
Sugar came to play a key role in the new colony.
Jorden på de tre øer, St. Thomas, St. Jan og St. Croix blev udstykket i mindre jordlodder, der hver dannede udgangspunkt for en plantage.
The land on the three islands of St. Thomas, St. Jan and St. Croix was divided into plots, each of which formed the basis for a plantation.
På St. Thomas og St. Jan var det de kommende plantageejere, der dikterede størrelsen på deres jorde.
On St. Thomas and St. Jan the future plantation owners themselves dictated the size of their holdings.
St. Croix derimod blev udstykket efter et gitterlignende princip, så alle plantagegrunde var omtrent lige store.
St. Croix, on the other hand, was divided into a grid of plantation plots of about equal size.
Nogle plantageejere valgte at opkøbe tilstødende grunde og udvidede derved deres plantagedrift.
Some plantation owners chose to purchase plots adjacent to their own in order to expand.
Sammenlægningen resulterede i fremkomsten af store plantageenheder som f.eks. La Grange og Bethlehem på St. Croix.
These mergers resulted in the creation of large plantations like La Grange and Bethlehem on St. Croix.
På St. Croix var landskabet derimod mere plant og bedre egnet.
On St. Croix, on the other hand, the landscape was flatter and more suitable.
Når sukkerrørene havde vokset sig høje, var det tid at høste dem.
Once they reached a certain height, the sugar cane stalks were ready to harvest.
Slavegjorte afrikanere blev udstyret med sukkerknive og huggede sukkerrørene af ved roden.
Enslaved people were equipped with sugar knives to cut them off at the root.
Herefter blev rørene læsset på en vogn og transporteret til sukkermøllen, hvor de blev presset.
The sugar cane stalks were then loaded onto a cart and transported to the sugar mill, where they were crushed.
Denne del af processen skulle gå hurtigt, da saften i sukkerrørene ellers ville fordampe.
This stage of sugar production had to be done quickly to prevent the sugar cane juice evaporating.
Høsten var derfor en hård tid for den slavegjorte befolkning, der måtte arbejde fra solopgang til solnedgang.
This made the harvest a hard time for the enslaved, who had to work from sunrise to sundown.
Samtidig var det farligt at føre sukkerrørene ind i møllens valser.
Feeding the sugar cane into the rollers of the mill was also dangerous.
Hvis en hånd eller arm sad fast mellem sukkerrørene på vej ind i møllens valse, var den eneste udvej at hugge armen af med den økse, som altid lå klar.
If a hand or arm was trapped between the stalks as they were fed between the rollers the only way out was to chop the limb off with the axe that was always at hand.
Møllens valser kunne ikke stoppes uden videre.
The rollers of the mill were not easy to halt.
Hvis de slavegjorte afrikanere ikke udførte arbejdet hurtigt nok, risikerede de desuden at blive straffet af plantagens forvalter eller bomba.
If the enslaved labourers did not work fast enough, they could be punished by the plantation ganger or bomba.
Bombaen var selv slave, men udpeget som formand for de arbejdende slaver.
The bomba was enslaved too, but was in charge of the other slaves.
Hans opgave var ikke blot at holde resten til arbejdet, men også at uddele straffe.
His task was not only to keep everyone performing slave labour, but also to administer punishment.
Fra sukkermøllen blev den nu pressede søde saft fra sukkerrørene ledt hen til kogehuset.
From the sugar mill the sweet juice of the sugar cane was channelled to the boiling house.
Her blev saften kogt ind i store kedler, til den begyndte at krystallisere.
Here it was boiled in large coppers until it started to crystallise.
Det var særligt betroede slaver, som forestod denne opgave.
This was labour performed only by enslaved workers the plantation owner trusted.
Blev saften kogt for kort eller længe, ville sukkeret blive af en dårlig kvalitet, hvilket betød en lavere indtjening for plantageejeren.
If the juice was boiled for too long the quality of the sugar deteriorated, as did the profits of the plantation owner.
Oprindeligt bestod Bethlehem af tre individuelle plantagegrunde, som siden blev lagt sammen.
It was originally three separate plots that were later united under one plantation.
Da Danmark købte St. Croix af Frankrig i 1733, blev den danske konge den første ejer af Bethlehem.
When Denmark purchased St. Croix from France in 1733, the Danish king became the first owner of Bethlehem.
I 1751 blev plantagen solgt til Heyliger-familien, der kom fra den caribiske ø St. Eustatius.
In 1751 the plantation was sold to the Heyliger family, who came from the Caribbean island of St. Eustatius.
I 1767 overtog de Windt-familien plantagen via giftermål.
In 1767 the Windt family acquired the plantation by marriage.
Igennem 1800-tallet blev Bethlehem købt og solgt mange gange.
During the 1800s Bethlehem was bought and sold repeatedly.
I 1902 opkøbte Lachmann-familien plantagen og byggede en ny og efter datiden moderne sukkerfabrik.
In 1902 the plantation was purchased by the Lachmann family, who built a new and by contemporary standards modern sugar refinery.
Den dag i dag produceres der stadig landbrugsvarer på Bethlehem af lokale vestindere i et kooperativ.
Farm produce is still grown at Bethlehem, which is now a cooperative run by local Virgin Islanders.
Plantagen udgjorde et minisamfund i kolonitiden.
In colonial times the plantation was a society within society.
Her boede plantageejeren eller hans forvalter i hovedhuset, men den slavegjorte befolkning boede i landsbyen.
The plantation owner and his manager lived in the main house, and the enslaved population lived in the village.
Foruden sukkerrørsmarkerne var der sukkermøllen, kogehuset og diverse andre fabriksbygninger, som var nødvendige i de forskellige stadier af sukkerproduktionen.
As well as fields of sugar cane, there was a sugar mill, boiling house and other buildings for the various stages of sugar production.
På Bethlehem var der ikke blot én sukkermølle, men hele tre.
Bethlehem had not one but three sugar mills.
På en lille del af landbrugsarealet kunne den slavegjorte befolkning holde køkkenhave til eget brug eller med henblik på salg på markedet.
The enslaved were allowed to use a small area of the farmland as a kitchen garden to grow vegetables to eat or sell at market.
Plantageejeren måtte dog supplere med fødevarer, da de slavegjortes jordlodder ikke var store nok til at brødføde dem.
But since these gardens were too small to feed them, the plantation owner still had to provide some food.
På Bethlehem var der også et sygehus, hvor syge eller tilskadekomne kunne blive indlagt og isoleret fra den raske slavegjorte befolkning.
There was also a hospital at Bethlehem, where the sick and injured could be admitted and isolated from healthy slaves.
50 år senere, i 1847 besluttede den danske stat, at slaveriet skulle afvikles over en 12-årig periode begyndende med alle nyfødte børn af slaver.
Fifty years later, in 1847, the state of Denmark ruled that slavery be phased out over a 12 year period, beginning with all new-born babies of enslaved women.
Forslaget var ikke acceptabelt for den slavegjorte befolkning.
This was far from enough for the enslaved population.
I Danmark siger vi gerne, at det var Generalguvernør Peter von Scholten, der gav slaverne deres frihed.
In Denmark people like to claim that Governor General Peter von Scholten granted the slaves their freedom.
Det samme gjaldt sundhedsvæsenet.
The same was true of healthcare.
Arbejderens løn var imidlertid så lav, at det var nærmest umuligt at forsøge sig selv og ens / sin familie og betale for disse ydelser samtidigt.
Their pay, however, was so low that it was almost impossible to provide for themselves and their families, let alone pay for medical care.
Af denne grund voksede utilfredsheden.
This led to increasing unrest.
Efter noget tumult i gaden satte politiet hårdt ind og sendte bl.a. en landarbejder ved navn Henry Trotman på hospitalet.
After some commotion on the streets the police launched a brutal clamp down, sending a farm labourer called Henry Trotman to hospital.
Tumulten fortsatte dog i gaderne, og det rygtedes, at Henry Trotman var afgået ved døden efter politiets hårde behandling.
The unrest continued, and rumours spread that Henry Trotman had died as a result of police brutality.
Herefter eskalerede utilfredsheden.
After this the riot escalated.
Det var han dog ikke, men politi og militær blev nødt til at trække sig tilbage til fortet i Frederiksted væk fra den vrede menneskemængde.
Trotman was not dead, but the police and military had to retreat to the fort in Frederiksted to escape the angry masses.
Arbejderne begyndte at storme fortet, men det lykkedes dem ikke at trænge ind.
The workers starting to charge the fort, but were unable to penetrate its defences.
Der blev sendt en rytter af sted mod byen Christiansted i den anden ende af St. Croix for at alarmere kolonimagten og bede om assistance.
A horseman was despatched to the town of Christiansted at the other end of St. Croix to alert the colonial powers and request assistance.
Ud på natten blev mange huse i Frederiksted sat i brand og butikker plyndret.
Late that night buildings in Frederiksted were set on fire and shops were looted.
Den følgende morgen kom soldater fra Christiansted fortet i Frederikssted til undsætning, men dagen igennem fortsatte afbrændingen af marker og plantageejendomme rundt omkring på St. Croix.
The next morning soldiers from Christiansted came to rescue the fort, but the torching of fields and plantation property on St. Croix continued throughout the day.
Specielt tre kvinder, som deltog i Fireburn, er i Vestindien i dag et vigtigt symbol på deres modstand mod kolonimagten.
Today three women who participated in the rebellion have gone down in history as a symbol of resistance to colonial power in the West Indies.
Kvinderne er kendt som Queen Mary, Queen Agnes og Queen Mathilda.
The women are known as Queen Mary, Queen Agnes and Queen Mathilda.
De blev alle anholdt sammen med en fjerde kvinde, Susanna Abrahamson / Bottom Belly, og endte bl.a. med at afsone dele af deres straf i København i kvindefængslet på Christianshavn i 1880’erne.
All three of them were arrested together with a fourth woman called Susanna Abrahamson / Bottom Belly, and served part of their sentence in the Christianhavn women’s prison in Copenhagen in the 1880s.
Efter oprøret opnåede landarbejderne mindre forbedringer, bl.a. en højere løn.
After the rebellion there were slight improvements in the labourers’ conditions, including higher pay.
Øerne skiftede herefter navn til U.S. Virgin Islands.
After the transfer, the name was changed to the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Mens sukkerproduktionen voksede støt på de andre caribiske øer, navnlig Cuba, gik den tilbage på de danske.
Whilst sugar production had increased steadily on other Caribbean islands, especially on Cuba, it was in decline in the Danish colony.
Ny teknologi kunne ikke vende udviklingen alene, for jorden var ikke tilstrækkelig frugtbar.
New technology was incapable of reversing the decline, because the soil was simply not fertile enough.
Mens danskernes økonomiske interesse for øerne dalede, vaktes imidlertid amerikanernes politiske interesser.
As Denmark’s economic interest in the islands waned, American political interest in them increased.
USA havde nemlig brug for et militært holdepunkt i Caribien, og St. Thomas var et oplagt bud på grund af den gode naturhavn.
The U.S. needed a military base in the Caribbean, and due to its good natural harbour St. Thomas was an obvious choice.
Efter at Danmark tabte krigen i 1864, frygtede USA desuden, at Østrig ville kunne kræve de danske øer som krigsbytte.
After Denmark lost the Second Schleswig War in 1864, the U.S. was also concerned that Austria would claim the Danish islands as spoils of war.
De første forhandlinger mellem Danmark og USA blev indledt i 1865.
The initial negotiations between Denmark and the U.S. began in 1865.
Forhandlingerne omhandlede kun St. Thomas og St. Jan, og prisen blev sat til 7½ mio. dollars.
St. Thomas and St. Jan were the only islands included in the negotiations, and the price was set at $7.5 million.
Den danske konge ville dog ikke sælge øerne uden først at have gennemført en folkeafstemning om spørgsmålet i Dansk Vestindien.
But the Danish king refused to sell the islands without a referendum on the issue.
Resultatet blev et klart ja til salget, og i 1867 blev traktaten underskrevet fra dansk side.
The result of the referendum was a resounding yes to the sale, and in 1867 the Danes signed the treaty.
I USA havde kongressen imidlertid fået betænkeligheder, og traktaten faldt i sidste ende for tidsfristen.
But the U.S. Congress had second thoughts, and the treaty expired.