natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Læs mere om importerede metalkar fra førromersk jernalder og om Gundestrup-kedlen.
Read more about the imported vessels The Gundestrup Cauldron and other Bronze vessels here.
Vægten er næsten 9 kg.
It weighs nearly 9 kg.
På kedlens yderplader findes gengivet forskellige guder og gudinder.
Various gods and goddesses are shown on the outer panels of the Gundestrup Cauldron.
Nogle har med liv, frugtbarhed og skønhed at gøre, andre med død og tilintetgørelse.
Some are associated with life, fertility and beauty, others with death and destruction.
Gundestrup-kedlens inderplader viser mere komplicerede scener, herunder en procession af krigere, en tyreofring og en gud med hjortetakker omgivet af løver, hjorte og griffer.
The inner plates show more complicated scenes, including a procession of warriors, a bull sacrifice and a god with antlers surrounded by lions, deer and gryphons.
Måske blev denne gud opfattet som hersker over naturens kræfter og de vilde dyr.
Perhaps this god was regarded as ruler over the forces of nature and wild animals.
Figurerne er dristigt drevne og udsmykket med omhyggeligt indstemplede mønstre.
The figures are boldly embossed and decorated with carefully punched patterns.
Denne raffinerede teknik blomstrede i århundrederne før Kristi fødsel hos thrakerne, der levede i Bulgarien og Rumænien.
This sophisticated technique flourished in the centuries before the Birth of Christ among the Thracians, who lived in the area that is now Bulgaria and Romania.
Det er derfor mest sandsynligt, at Gundestrup-kedlen er fremstillet, hvor keltiske og thrakiske folk levede tæt sammen, formentlig i Sydvestrumænien eller Nordvestbulgarien.
It is most likely that the cauldron was made where Celtic and Thracian peoples lived close together, probably in southwest Romania or northwest Bulgaria.
Hvordan dette pragtarbejde nåede til Danmark, vides ikke.
We do not know how this magnificent piece of work reached Denmark.
Ikke alle kedlens gåder er løst endnu.
The riddles of the cauldron are yet to be completely solved.
Billederne er få centimeter høje.
The figures are a few centimetres tall.
De har ikke skullet ses.
They were not meant to be seen.
De hidtil ukendte billeder kan være forskellige forslag til, hvordan kedlens skabere mente, at kedlen skulle udsmykkes.
The pictures, which were not known about until recently, may be various suggestions of how the cauldron’s makers thought the cauldron should be decorated.
Tyren kan symbolisere kaos.
The bull may symbolize chaos.
Måske er tyrekæmperen fra Gundestrup-kedlen en gudinde, der ved at dræbe tyren sørger for, at verdens orden forbliver intakt?
Perhaps the bullfighter on the Gundestrup Cauldron is a goddess, who by killing the bull seeks to ensure that the world’s order remains intact?
De gode kræfter er allerede ved at vinde, for den mægtige tyr ligger halvt styrtet om, rede til at modtage dødsstødet.
The powers of good are already winning, as the powerful bull has fallen to the ground and is awaiting the fatal blow.
1 - Rundvisning på Skibene: Sælen og Sehested
2) Guided tour of the submarine Sælen and guided missile boat Sehested
15 personer.
15 people.
1 time/800 kr. (Efter kl. 17 og weekendtillæg 150 kr.).
1 hour/800DKK (weekend/evening supplement 150DKK)
1½ time/1200 kr. (Efter kl. 17 og weekendtillæg 225 kr.).
1½ hours/1,200DKK (weekend/evening supplement 150DKK)
Ved besøg på Peder Skram kontakt: info@pederskram.dk, tlf.: 32571316 (mellem kl. 11 og 17)
To visit the frigate Peder Skram please write to info(at)pederskram(dot)dk or call + 4532571316 (from 11- 17).
Mødestedet for rundvisningen er foran Sælen.
Guided tours of the ships start on the quay.
2 - Rundvisning på Skibene: Sælen, Sehested og Mastekranen
3) Guided tour of the submarine Sælen, guided missile boat Sehested and the Mast Crane
3 - Rundvisning på Holmen, inkl. Mastekranen
4) Guided tour of Holmen including the Mast Crane
Mødestedet for rundvisningen er Henrik Gerners Plads (se kort nedenfor).
The guided tour starts at Henrik Gerner Square (see map below).
Mødestedet for rundvisningen er ved Mastekranen (se kort nedenfor).
The guided tour starts at Henrik Gerner Square (see map below).
Stoffet er stribet på langs og udfyldt med skråskravering – måske en slags mønstervævning?
The material is striped lengthwise in a herringbone pattern – perhaps to show a woven design.
Til dragten hører også et bredt bælte dekoreret med cirkler og sko eller sandaler med rem.
The costume also features a wide belt decorated with circles, and shoes or sandals with straps.
Mens skoene ligner den type fodtøj, jernalderens mennesker gik i her i Norden, så er dragten mere fremmedartet.
Whilst the shoes resemble the type of footwear that Iron Age people used in Scandinavia, the clothes are more exotic.
På dette tidspunkt gik man i Norden klædt i mere løst draperede klæder, og hverken bukser eller bluser er dokumenteret i de arkæologiske fund.
At this time Scandinavian people dressed in clothes which were of a looser fit, and no trousers or shirts have been documented from archaeological finds.
Gundestrup-kedlen er et unikt stykke, men der er på flere punkter en slående lighed mellem kedlen og en pynteplade af sølv fra et thrakisk gravfund ved Stara Zagora i det centrale Bulgarien.
The Gundestrup Cauldron is a unique piece, but several of its features show a striking resemblance to a silver ornamental plate from the Thracian grave at Stara Zagora in central Bulgaria.
Sandsynligvis er Gundestrup-kedlen også produceret på Balkan.
The Gundestrup Cauldron was probably also produced in the Balkans.
Her kan du læse mere om ældre jernalders dragter.
[Translate to English:] Her kan du læse mere om ældre jernalders dragter.
Omkring 350 f.Kr. angreb en fjendtlig hær med 80-100 krigere øen Als.
Around 350 BC a hostile army of 80-100 warriors attacked the island of Als.
Krigerne kom sejlende i fire-fem både.
The warriors came sailing in four or five boats.
De fremmede angreb, men tabte.
The foreigners attacked but lost.
Sejrherrerne ofrede fjendens våben, skjolde, værktøj og en af bådene i mosen som tak for sejren.
The victors sacrificed the enemy’s weapons, shields, tools and one of their boats in the bog as thanks for their victory.
Hvor de fremmede krigere kom fra er uvist.
We do not know where the foreign warriors came from.
Ikke to sværd eller lanser er ens.
No two swords or lances are alike.
De var den enkelte krigers personlige våben.
These were the warriors’ personal weapons.
I Hjortspring møder vi for første gang en større kampenhed – en hær.
In Hjortspring we meet a large fighting unit – an army – for the first time.
Den tidlige jernalder var en tid med et stigende antal blodige konflikter.
The Early Iron Age was a time with an increasing number of bloody conflicts.
I og omkring båden lå hærens øvrige udstyr: sværd, spyd- og lansespidser, træskjolde, drejede trædåser, køller, røret til en blæsebælg, træskeer, runde træplader, økseskafter og padleårer af navr.
In and around the boat lay the army’s other equipment: swords, spear and lance heads, wooden shields, turned wooden containers, clubs, the tube of a bellows, wooden spoons, round wooden plates, axe helves and paddles of maple wood.
Båden er næsten 20 m lang.
The boat is almost 20 metres long.
Det hurtige og spændstige fartøj vejede 530 kilo og kunne bære 24 mand med våben og andet grej.
This fast, flexible vessel weighed 530 kilos and could carry 24 men with weapons as well as other gear.
Båden består af en bundplanke og to brede planker i hver side, som er syet sammen med bast.
The boat consists of a bottom plank and two wide planks on each side, sewn together with bast.
Bådens ender er holdt sammen af to stævnklodser.
The ends of the boat are held together by two blocks.
I begge ender er båden udstyret med to svungne forlængelser.
At both ends the boat is furnished with two curving extensions.
Plankerne er af lindetræ og padleårerne af navr.
The planks are of lime wood and the paddles of maple.
Hjortspringbåden vidner om skibsbyggeri med rødder tilbage i bronzealderen.
The Hjortspring Boat is evidence of shipbuilding with roots dating back to the Bronze Age.
Og fra den græske, etruskiske og romerske verden kendes også drejede pyxider af træ – måske er pyxiderne fra Hjortspring importerede?
Perhaps the pyxides from Hjortspring were imported?
Hvad de har været brugt til, kan vi kun gisne om.
We can only guess what they were used for.
Måske har de indeholdt tændmateriale, der kunne bruges som en slags fyrtøj.
Perhaps they contained kindling material.
Ved Borremose i Himmerland og Lyngsmose ved Ringkøbing er der udgravet landsbyer med spor af jernalderens konflikter.
At Borremose in Himmerland and Lyngsmose at Ringkøbing villages have been excavated that show traces of the conflicts of the Iron Age.
Begge landsbyer var beskyttet af en ydre voldgrav.
Both settlements were protected by a defensive ditch.
Voldgravens bund var tæt besat med spidser af egetræ, der var banket ned i bunden.
The ditch was densely packed with stakes of oak that had been hammered into the bottom.
De skulle forhindre angribere i at passere voldgraven.
These were meant to keep attackers from crossing the ditch.
Den romerske hærfører Cæsar mødte også denne type forsvar, da han erobrede det nuværende Frankrig.
The Roman general Caesar also met this type of defence when he conquered present-day France.
Spidserne i voldgravene fik da navnet ”Cæsars liljer”.
The stakes in the defensive ditches were given the name “Caesar’s lilies’.
Hjortspringbådens Laug blev dannet i 1991.
The Hjortspring Boat Guild was formed in 1991.
Båden har stor sødygtighed, og med erfarne padlere kunne båden drives op på en hastighed på omkring 8 knob.
The boat is highly seaworthy and with experienced rowers can be got up to a speed of around 8 knots.
Et voldsomt hug, med et skarpt redskab, havde hugget højre overarm næsten over, inden kvinden døde.
A violent cut with a sharp tool had almost severed her right upper arm before she died.
De særlige iltfattige forhold i mosen betød, at kvinden blev bevaret som moselig med hud, hår, tøj og maveindhold.
The oxygen-poor conditions in the bog meant that the woman was preserved as a bog body with skin, hair, clothes and stomach contents.
Hun blev fundet og gravet op i 1879, da en arbejder skar tørv i Huldremose.
She was found and dug up in 1879, when a worker was digging peat turfs at Huldremose.
Som de fleste moselig, der er fundet i Danmark, var kvinden fra Huldremose fuldt påklædt.
Like most of the bog bodies found in Denmark the woman from Huldremose was fully clothed.
Hun var iført en nederdel af uld, et tørklæde og to skindkapper.
She wore a skirt of wool, a scarf and two skin capes.
Kvinden var mere end 40 år gammel, da hun endte i mosen.
The woman was more than 40 years old when she ended up in the bog.
Hun var altså en ældre kvinde, når man ser på levealderen i jernalderen.
She was an old woman by Iron Age standards of life expectancy.
Fundet af hende har givet næring til mange forskellige diskussioner og tolkninger gennem tiden.
The find of the woman has encouraged many different debates and interpretations over the years.
En mulig tolkning er, at hun blev dræbt og efterfølgende ofret i mosen.
One possible interpretation is that she was killed and then placed in the bog as a sacrifice.
Museumsinspektør Flemming Kaul fortæller om Huldremose-kvinden
Curator Flemming Kaul tells the story of The Huldremose Woman
Kvinden fra Huldremose var iført en velbevaret dragt af skind og vævet uld.
The woman from Huldremose wore a very well preserved suit of skin and woven wool.
Læs mere om ældre jernalders dragter her.
Read more about the Early Iron Age suits here.
Et moseligs maveindhold kan, hvis bevaringsforholdene tillader det, afsløre, hvad personen havde spist forud for døden.
A bog body’s stomach contents can, if the conditions of preservation allow it, reveal what the person ate before his or her death.
Således ved man fra Huldremosekvindens maveindhold, at hendes sidste måltid bestod af grovmalet rug med et stort indhold af frø fra ukrudtsplanten spergel.
Thus we know from the Huldremose woman’s stomach contents that her last meal consisted of coarsely ground rye with a large number of seeds from the weed spurrey.
I Danmark er der fundet mere end hundrede moselig, som stammer fra tiden 800 f.Kr.-200 e.Kr. Selv om dødsårsagen kun er konstateret ved et mindre antal af dem, så er flere af disse mennesker blevet kvalt, hængt eller har fået halsen skåret over.
More than a hundred bog bodies have been found in Denmark, which date from the period 800 BC to 200 AD.
Det er derfor ikke muligt at komme om bord på skibet i øjeblikket.
It is therefore not possible to board the ship at the moment.
Vi giver besked her på siden så snart, der igen er åbent for publikum.
We will notify you as soon as it is open to the public again.
Tager du med på en rundvisning i vores ubåd SÆLEN, får du historien om SEHESTED fortalt fra kajen.
Do you take a tour of our submarine SÆLEN, you get the story of SEHESTED told from the quayside.
Med Sovjetunionens som trusselsbillede fokuserede den danske flåde nu først og fremmest på Østersøen som det vigtigste område at holde vagt omkring.
With the threat posed by the Soviet Union, the Danish Navy turned its attention to the Baltic as the most important strategic area.
Sehested var en del af de i alt 10 torpedomissilbåde, som blev bygget i perioden 1974-77.
The Sehested was one of a total of 10 fast attack craft built in the period from 1974-1977.
Arbejdet på at bygge Willemoesklassen blev sat i gang i 1973.
The construction of these ships in the Willemoes class began in 1974.
Skibene skulle bygges på Frederikshavn Værft og Tørdok A/S. Sehested blev afleveret den 28. oktober 1977 som den næstsidste af i alt 10 både.
The ships were built at Frederikshavn shipyard and dry dock and the Sehested was delivered on October 28th, 1977 as the second last of the 10 ships.
Anvendelse af atomvåben og formentlig også biologiske og kemiske våben skulle svække forsvarets og befolkningens kampvilje og ville være blevet brugt mod både militære og civile mål f.eks. i Roskilde, Køge bugt-området og Esbjerg.
Nuclear and presumably biological and chemical weapons would be employed to weaken the fighting spirit of Denmark’s armed forces and population, and were to be aimed at both military and civilian targets in places like Roskilde, the Koege Bay area and Esbjerg.
I tilfælde af en konflikt kunne Warszawa-pagten indsætte op til 160.000 soldater mod danske områder.
If a conflict arose, the Warsaw Pact had up to 160,000 troops it could deploy to Danish territory.
Til støtte for denne styrke stod mere end 500 kampfly og helikoptere umiddelbart til rådighed.
To support these troops, more than 500 combat planes and helicopters were readily available.
Warszawa-pagtens østersøflåde kunne transportere over 5000 marineinfanterister ad gangen over Østersøen, og landgangsfartøjerne blev støttet af flere hundrede krigsskibe.
The Warsaw Pact’s Baltic fleet could transport over 5,000 marines at a time across the Baltic, and the landing craft were supported by several hundred warships.
Den danske flåde var betydeligt mindre!
The Danish navy was significantly smaller!
Men Warszawa-pagten vidste godt, at de 10 danske Willemoes skibe havde slagkraft.
But the Warsaw Pact knew that the 10 Danish Willemoes ships had striking power.
Willemoesklassens primære opgave var først og fremmest at være parat til at håndhæve Danmarks suverænitet, og herunder at hjælpe med at afværge et evt. angreb fra Warszawa-pagtens lande.
The main task of the Willemoes ships was to be ready to defend Denmark’s sovereignty, including helping to head off any attack by the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
Til dagligt bestod opgaven derfor i at ’vise flaget’ særligt i Østersøen og i dansk territorialfarvand.
On a daily basis their task was therefore to fly the Danish flag, in Danish territorial waters and in the Baltic.
Men derudover udførte bådene også en lang række andre opgaver.
But the ships had a long list of other duties.
Kanonen kunne lades med 84 granater i tromlen samt seks i elevatoren, og disse skud kunne derefter uden videre affyres og hele tromlen kunne tømmes på 60 sekunder.
The drum of the gun could be loaded with 84 grenades with six in the elevator.
Den totale beholdning var 480 skud som skulle lades manuelt.
The total load was 480 rounds, which had to be loaded manually.
Allerede da bådene blev bygget var det bestemt, at de hurtigst muligt skulle udrustes med Harpoon-sømålsmissilet.
While they were being built, it was decided that the ships should be armed as quickly as possible with Harpoon missiles.
Missilerne kan flyve op til 130 km og var af samme type som det Fregatten Peder Skram, som nu ligger ved siden af Sehested, ved et uheld jævnede fire sommerhuse med jorden med i 1982.
These missiles can fly up to 130km, and are of the same type as the one the frigate Peder Skram (which now lies next to the Sehested) accidentally razed four Danish summer cottages to the ground with in 1982.
Willemoes-klassen kunne også anvendes som minelægger.
The Willemoes ships could also be used as minelayers.
Dette gjorde, at de ved fuld kraft havde en maksimal rækkevidde på ca. ti timers sejlads, én vej.
This meant that at full speed they had a maximum range of about 10 hours’ sailing - one way.
Kvinden var klædt i en dragt, der bestod af en ternet nederdel og et ternet tørklæde i fåreuld og to skindkapper.
She was dressed in a costume consisting of a checked woollen skirt, a checked woollen scarf and two skin capes.
Nederdelen blev holdt sammen om taljen med en smal læderrem i en indvævet linning.
The skirt was tied at the waist with a thin leather strap inserted into a woven waistband.
Tørklædet var snoet om kvindens hoved og fæstet under den venstre arm med en nål lavet af en fugleknogle.
The scarf was wrapped around the woman’s neck and fastened under her left arm with a pin made from a bird bone.
På overkroppen bar hun yderst en kappe lavet af flere mørkebrune fåreskind med en krave af et lyst fåreskind.
On her upper body she wore a cape made from several dark brown sheep skins, with a collar of light-coloured sheep skin.
Den krøllede pels vendte udad.
The wool side of the skin cape was turned outwards.
Herunder bar hun endnu en kappe, som havde pelssiden indad.
Under this was another cape with the wool side turned inwards.
En af lapperne dækkede dog ikke over et hul, men den indeholdt en fint forarbejdet benkam, et smalt blåt hårbånd og en lædersnor, alt sammen svøbt ind i en blære.
However, one of the patches did not cover a hole.
Der har tydeligvis ikke været tale om en lomme, idet lappen måtte skæres op, for at man kunne få tingene ud.
Clearly the patch cannot be interpreted as a pocket, as it had to be cut open in order to get the things out.
Sandsynligvis har de indsyede genstande fungeret som amuletter.
The sewn-in objects have probably functioned as amulets.
Rundt om kvindens lange hår var der bundet en uldsnor, der også var viklet flere gange omkring hendes hals.
The woman’s long hair was bound up with a woollen cord, which was also wound round her neck several times.
Om halsen bar hun også en anden uldsnor med to små ravperler.
She also wore another wool cord around her neck, on which hung two small amber beads.
En omhyggelig undersøgelse af kvindens krop har vist, at hun inderst inde bar en klædning lavet af plantefibre, måske nælde eller hør.
A thorough examination of the woman’s body has shown that her innermost item of clothing was a garment made of plant fibres, maybe nettle or linen.
Der findes kun få spor af denne dragt på kvindens hud, mens hovedparten af stoffet er bortrådnet under opholdet i mosen.
Only af few traces of this garment are left on the woman’s skin, as the major part of the textile has decomposed during the period in the bog.
Farveanalyser har vist, at nederdelen oprindelig har været farvet blå, og tørklædet har været farvet rødt.
Colour analysis has shown that originally the skirt was blue and the scarf was a red colour.
Moserne havde således stor betydning for det daglige liv, men derudover var moser og vådområder også porten mellem to verdener - menneskenes og gudernes.
The bogs therefore had a great significance in daily life.
Her ofrede menneskene til guderne ved at lægge gaver ned i vandet.
Here people made sacrifices to the gods by sinking gifts into the water.
Gaverne var aflivede husdyr, tøj, sko, smykker, redskaber og lerkar fyldt med mad.
These gifts were slaughtered domestic animals, clothes, shoes, jewellery, tools and pottery vessels filled with food.
Offergaverne skulle måske sikre en god og rigelig høst.
The offerings may have been intended to secure a good and plentiful harvest.
Det største offer, menneskene gav, var et andet menneske.
The greatest sacrifice that people could make was that of another human being.
Hen over brystet lå en stav af piletræ.
On her breast lay a stick of willow.
Disse træk minder mere om omsorg for den døde som ved en begravelse end om en simpel bortskafning af et lig efter en forbrydelse.
These features indicate care for the dead, similar to that which takes place at a funeral, as opposed to the simple disposal of a body after a crime.
Måske er hun død som led i et ritual for derefter at blive lagt i en hellig mose?
Perhaps she died during a ritual before being laid in a holy bog?
Eller havde hun forbrudt sig mod datidens love og måtte bøde for dette med livet?
Or else she broke the laws of the time and had to pay for it with her life?
Under alle omstændigheder fik hun ikke en normal begravelse i form af et ligbål eller en jordfæstelse, som andre jernaldermennesker.
Under all circumstances she did not receive a normal burial in the form of a funeral pyre or interment like other Iron Age people.
Man har tidligere ment, at afhugningen af armen var dødsårsagen, og at kvinden var død som følge af blodtab.
It was previously believed that the cut to the arm was the cause of death and the woman died as a result of subsequent loss of blood.
Senere undersøgelser har dog ikke kunnet bekræfte denne teori, og det er også muligt, at skaden kan være opstået senere, f.eks. ved tørvegravning i mosen.
However, later examinations have not confirmed this theory and it is also possible that the injury occurred much later, perhaps during peat-digging in the bog.
Mens kvinden levede, brækkede hun det højre ben, men dette brud er helet igen inden hendes død.
While the woman was alive she broke her right leg, but this break healed again before she died.
Hendes hår var bundet op med en lang uldsnor, som også var lagt flere gange om hendes hals.
Her hair was tied up with a long woollen cord, which was also wrapped around her neck several times.
Der er dog ingen mærker på halsen, eller andet, der kan tydes som tegn på strangulering.
However, there are no marks on her throat or elsewhere, which can be interpreted as signs of strangulation.
Måske havde snoren i stedet en symbolsk betydning?
Perhaps instead the cord was of symbolic significance?
Meget taler således for, at kvinden ikke døde en naturlig død.
Thus there are strong indications that the woman from Huldremose did not die of natural causes.
Liget blev bragt til den nærmeste gård, hvor det blev afklædt og nødtørftigt vasket.
The body was taken to the nearest farm, where it was undressed and washed.
Da man opdagede, at der var tale om en kvinde, opgav man kriminalsagen, og liget blev herefter begravet på Ørum kirkegård.
When it was realized that the body was that of a woman, the criminal case was abandoned and the corpse was then buried in the churchyard at Ørum.
Senere tog Steenberg dog kontakt til Nationalmuseet, som bad de lokale om at genopgrave liget.
Later Steenberg made contact with the National Museum, which asked the local authorities to dig the body up again.
Kort tid efter blev både kvinden og hendes tøj sendt med dampskib til København.
Shortly afterwards the woman and her clothes were sent by steamship to Copenhagen.
Inden da skrev lægen dog følgende om hende til Nationalmuseet: ”Hele legemet var bedækket med klæder, lodne og uldne”.
Before this the doctor wrote the following to the National Museum: “The hole body was covered with woollen clothes."