natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
De fem kobberstik ligger i et fotoalbum, hvor du kan bladre.
The five engravings are in a photo album , where you can browse .
For at bladre skal du blot klikke på pilene ude i siderne.
To browse , simply click on the arrows at the sides .
Hvis du ønsker at gå mere på opdagelse i billederne, kan du klikke på selve billedet, hvorefter det åbnes op i en større version.
If you want to explore more in the pictures , you can click on the picture itself , then it opens up into a larger version .
Her kan du zoome ind og ud i billedet.
Here you can zoom in and out of the picture .
På Jellingprojektets site kan du finde meget mere information og Jelling generelt, ligesom du kan læse mere om Gorm den Gamle og Harald Blåtand.
Read more about Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth here.
Her blev påvist en meget stor palisadeindhegning, som omslutter et areal på ca. 120.000m2.
Here a very large palisaded enclosure, which covers an area of c. 120,000 m2, was revealed.
Palisaden omslutter den store skibssætning, de to store høje, kirken og de to runesten.
The palisade encompasses the large ship-setting, the two large mounds, the church and the two rune stones.
Nordhøjen med gravkammeret ligger præcis i midten af den store indhegning.
The North Mound with the burial chamber lies exactly in the middle of the large enclosure.
Der er konstateret flere byggefaser i hegnet, og en række større huse er også udgravet.
Several building phases have been established for the palisade and a number of large houses have also been excavated.
Meget kunne tyde på, at en kongsgård er ved at tone frem i Jelling.
Much suggests that a royal residence may have been located at Jelling.
Kommende udgravninger vil kunne afklare, om kongsgården er stedets ældste anlæg, mens skibssætningen, gravhøje og runesten er senere monumenter, eller der måske skal søges andre muligheder.
Forthcoming excavations will perhaps clarify whether the royal manor is the site’s oldest structure, while the ship-setting, burial mounds and rune stones are later monuments, or perhaps other possibilities have to be investigated.
På Jellingprojektets site kan du finde meget mere information om fortidens Jelling.
Find more information about the Jelling Project here
Begge Tolkiens forældre døde af sygdom, da han var barn, og han voksede op på den religiøse institution Birmingham Oratory.
Tolkien lost both parents to illness when still a child and he grew up at the Birmingham Oratory, a religious institution.
Efter at have deltaget i første verdenskrig vendte han tilbage til England i 1916 og blev gift med Edith.
After serving in the First World War, he returned to England in 1916 and married his fiancée Edith.
De fik 4 børn.
They had four children.
J.R.R. Tolkien blev professor i middelalderens litteratur ved Oxford Universitet i 1926, og i 1972 blev han udnævnt til Commander i The Order of the British Empire.
Tolkien became a professor of medieval literature at Oxford University in 1926, and in 1972 he was awarded a CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire).
Han døde d. 2. september 1973.
He died on 2 September 1973.
Tolkien er mest kendt for sine to værker Hobbitten (1937) og Ringenes Herre (1954-55), men han udgav også en række andre romaner og børnebøger.
Tolkien is best known for his two works The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-55), but he also published a number of other novels and children’s books.
Professionelt arbejdede han især med oldengelske kvad og ridderromaner.
Professionally, he worked mainly with Old English poems and chivalric romance.
Det var dog de store historier om Midgård, der gjorde Tolkien udødelig.
However, it was Tolkien’s epic stories about Middle-earth that immortalised him.
Kompleksiteten af Tolkiens verden blev synlig i skabelsesberetningen Silmarillion (1977) og det store udgiverarbejde af Tolkiens noter og efterladte værker udgivet af sønnen Christopher Tolkien.
The complexity of Tolkien’s world was visible in his story of the creation of the universe Silmarillion (1977) and the major publishing work of Tolkien’s notes and surviving works published by his son Christopher Tolkien.
Med sine fortællinger ønskede Tolkien bevidst at skabe en vision for middelalderen, som var en mindst lige så vigtig en del af hans faglige arbejde, som hans studier og kildeudgivelser.
Through his stories, Tolkien wanted to create a vision of the Middle Ages, which was just as important a part of his professional work as his studies and source publications.
Faktisk i en sådan grad, at seriøse middelalderhistorikere i dag studerer Tolkiens forfatterskab med henblik på at sige noget om den virkelige inspiration – nemlig middelalderen.
To such an extent, in fact, that serious medieval historians study Tolkien’s writings today with a view to saying something about his real inspiration, i.e. the Middle Ages.
Tolkiens vision er naturligvis en personlig fortolkning, men den trækker på en bred vifte af kilder og traditioner med dybe rødder i hele den vestlige kulturkreds oprindelse.
Tolkien’s vision is of course a personal interpretation, but it draws on a wide range of sources and traditions deeply rooted in the origins of Western culture.
Lige siden bøgerne Hobbitten og Ringenes Herre blev udgivet, har kunstnere og forfattere fortolket og genfortolket historien i billeder, bøger, tegnefilm, tegneserier og senest i episke storfilm.
Ever since the publication of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, artists and writers have interpreted and re-interpreted the story in pictures, books, cartoons, comics and, most recently, in epic films.
Dertil kommer, at bøgerne inspirerede til en helt ny genre – fantasy!
The books have, in addition, inspired a whole new genre – fantasy!
Der er vokset en hel kultur op omkring fantasy i form af live rollespil, brætspil og computerspil.
A whole culture has grown up around fantasy in the form of live role-play, board games and computer games.
Ringenes Herre er ikke uden grund blevet valgt som det 20. århundredes mest indflydelsesrige eller bedste bog i flere lande (f.eks. England, Tyskland og Australien).
The Lord of the Rings has deservedly been voted the most influential or best book of the 20th century in several countries (e.g. England, Germany and Australia).
Tolkien var ekspert i gamle sprog (oldengelske dialekter, nordiske sprog, tysk og finsk ), og de historier og myter der blev fortalt på disse sprog.
Tolkien was an expert in ancient languages (Old English dialects, Nordic languages, German and Finnish), and the stories and myths told in those languages.
Sproget var utroligt vigtigt for Tolkien, også når han skulle skabe sin nye verden.
Language was extremely important to Tolkien – also when creating his new world.
Han mente, der var en klar sammenhæng mellem sprog og den verden, det beskrev.
He believed there was a clear connection between language and the world it describes.
Selv når man ikke kunne forstå sproget.
Even if you could not understand the language.
Tolkien havde allerede i sin barndom eksperimenteret med selvopfundne sprog.
As a child, Tolkien had experimented with made-up languages.
I sine værker om Midgård udviklede han elversprogene Quenya og Sindarin, som tales f.eks. i filmatiseringen af Ringenes Herre.
In his works on Middle-earth, he developed the Elvish languages Quenya and Sindarin, which are spoken in the film version of The Lord of the Rings, for example.
Sprogene er vigtige for oplevelsen af Tolkiens univers, fordi de indeholder en hel mytologi i sig selv, og altså udsprang direkte af Tolkiens arbejde med – og kendskab – til middelalderens sprog og litteratur.
Languages are vital to experiencing Tolkien’s universe because they contain an entire mythology within them, and derive directly from Tolkien’s work with, and knowledge of, medieval language and literature.
Tolkien beskrev også sin verden geografisk og tegnede selv en række kort over Midgård.
Tolkien also described his world geographically, drawing a series of maps of Middle-earth.
I Hobbitten elsker hovedpersonen Bilbo Sækker at studere gamle kort, der tager ham ud på eventyr i fantasien.
Bilbo Baggins, the protagonist of The Hobbit, loves studying old maps, which lead him out on adventure in the fantasy.
Rejseselskabet følger et kort, der viser vejen til det Ensomme Bjerg, hvor dragen Smaug våger over dværgenes skat.
Baggins and his travelling companions follow a map showing the way to the Lonely Mountain, where Smaug the dragon keeps watch over the dwarves’ treasure.
Adskillige Tolkien eksperter har siden udarbejdet meget detaljerede kortsamlinger over Midgård ud fra Tolkiens præcise beskrivelser, angivelser af rejsetid og egne kort.
Various Tolkien experts have since produced highly detailed atlases of Middle-earth, based on Tolkien’s precise descriptions, indications of travel times and his own maps.
Nutidens kort gengiver landskabet præcist i et bestemt størrelsesforhold.
Today’s maps depict the landscape precisely to a specific scale.
Middelalderens verdenskort var ofte stilistiske og symbolsk ladede, da de samtidigt gengav den guddommelige orden.
Medieval world maps were often stylistic and symbolically loaded, as they also represented the divine order.
Jorden var en kugle med de tre kendte verdensdele Europa, Afrika og Asien med Jerusalem som verdens navle.
Earth was a sphere with the three known continents, Europe, Africa and Asia, with Jerusalem as the navel of the world.
De var ofte rigt illustrerede og gengav de forskellige dyr eller fantastiske racer, som levede i verdens udkant.
They were often richly illustrated and depicted the different animals or weird and wonderful races that inhabited the world’s edge.
Kortene blev mere og mere detaljerede i løbet af senmiddelalderen, og fantasivæsenerne forsvandt i nogen grad.
Maps became more and more detailed during the late Middle Ages, and the fantasy creatures disappeared to some extent.
Kortene levede naturligvis ikke op til moderne standarder, men meget tyder dog på, at de sammen med de detaljerede rutebeskrivelser, som rejsende havde til rådighed over de vigtigste handels- og kommunikationsveje, også har kunnet fungere i praksis.
Naturally, the maps did live not up to modern-day standards, but there is much to suggest that, together with the detailed route descriptions travellers had available to them of the most important trade and communication routes, they worked in practice.
Sådan indledes Hobbitten.
So begins the story of The Hobbit.
Ifølge myten skulle Tolkien have skrevet sætningen, der blev startskuddet til hele hans store litterære værk, på bagsiden af en konvolut mens han sad i sin garage og rettede eksamensopgaver.
According to legend, Tolkien wrote the sentence, which was the beginning of all of his major literary work, on the back of an envelope while sitting marking exam papers in his garage.
Gruppen kaldte sig selv for The Inklings.
The group called themselves The Inklings.
Rytterne fra Rohan har eksempelvis et tydeligt normannisk præg krydret med nordisk vikingetid.
The Riders of Rohan, for example, have a clearly Norman look about them, with a hint of the Nordic Viking Age.
Ligeledes har dværgene et nordisk præg.
Similarly, the dwarves have a Nordic look.
Det mest historisk korrekte udstyr er imidlertid Uruk Haiens rustninger, der i høj grad minder om 1400-tallets fuldt pansrede ridder.
However, the most historically accurate equipment is the armour of the Uruk-hai, which is strongly reminiscent of the fully-armoured knights of the 15th century.
Herredet er en gammel inddeling af landet i retsdistrikter.
The shire is an ancient division of the country into judicial districts.
Denne inddeling kendes fra de nordiske lande og England.
This type of division is known from the Nordic countries and Britain.
I England kaldtes den tilsvarende enhed et ’shire’, der blev bestyret af en sherif og kunne være inddelt i mindre enheder kaldet hundreder.
In Britain, each shire was controlled by a sheriff and could be divided into smaller units called “hundreds”.
I Danmark var herredet en administrativ enhed, der ligesom det engelske shire formentligt stammer fra 1000-tallet.
In Denmark, the corresponding “herred” or district was an administrative unit which, like the English shire, probably originates from the 11th century.
De fungerede som egne retskredse med domstol ved herredstinget.
They served as their own jurisdictions with the court at the District Assembly.
I løbet af middelalderen opstod områder, der ikke lå under herredet, nemlig købstæderne og birket, der udgjorde egne retskredse.
During the Middle Ages, areas emerged which did not come under the district, i.e. boroughs and the judicial district, which formed their own jurisdictions.
Med kristendommens indførelse blev landet yderligere inddelt i sogne.
With the introduction of Christianity, the country was further divided into parishes.
Det trygge hjem i en stor verden.
The safety of home in a big bad world.
Der er tilsyneladende en hel orden af troldmænd i universet, men vi får kun navngivet yderligere to, nemlig Saruman og Radagast.
Apparently, there is an entire order of wizards in the universe, but we are only given the names of two others, Saruman and Radagast.
Personer, der behersker magi, er naturligvis velkendte fra både middelalderen og renæssancen i skikkelse af troldmænd og hekse.
People who master magic are, of course, well known from both the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in the guise of wizards and witches.
I nordisk litteratur finder vi den danske krønikeskriver Saxo Grammaticus (år 1200).
In Nordic literature, we find the Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus (1200).
Han fortæller om Oller, der kunne krydse havene ved hjælp af en knogle med trylleformularer.
He tells us about Oller, who could cross the oceans using a bone engraved with spells.
Set i den store sammenhæng er den mest kendte troldmand fra middelalderens litteratur Merlin.
In a wider context, the most famous wizard from medieval literature is Merlin.
Han fungerede som vismand og rådgiver for den engelske sagnkonge Arthur.
He served as sage and advisor to the legendary English King Arthur.
I Tolkiens univers har troldmændene imidlertid deres oprindelse i den guddommelige orden.
In Tolkien’s universe, however, the wizards have their origin in the divine order.
Forbilledet for Gandalf skal derfor nok snarere findes i nordisk mytologi i form af gudernes konge Odin.
The model for Gandalf is therefore more likely found in Norse mythology in the form of Odin, the king of the gods.
Sagamaterialet fortæller i vid udstrækning om Odins brug af magi.
The sagas refer extensively to Odin’s use of magic.
For eksempel berettes det i Lokasenna (fra Den Poetiske Edda), at Odin rejste som en troldmand blandt mennesker.
For example, it is reported in Lokasenna (from the Poetic Edda) that Odin travelled among humankind as a wizard.
Han kommer og går ofte med sin egen dagsorden - fuldstændigt ligesom Gandalf.
He comes and goes frequently with his own agenda – just like Gandalf.
I Snorri Sturlusons Heimskringla fra begyndelsen af 1200-tallet siges det direkte, at Odin var en magiker.
Snorri Sturluson’s Heimskringla from the early 13th century states directly that Odin was a magician.
Sagaen fortæller endda om en magisk duel mellem Odin og en vis Gylfi, ligesom Saruman og Gandalf duellerer på magi i Ringenes Herre.
The saga even refers to a magical duel between Odin and a certain Gylfi, just like Saruman and Gandalf’s duel using magic in The Lord of the Rings.
Én Ring er over dem alle, Én Ring kan finde de andre
One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them
Én Ring kan bringe dem alle, i mørket lænke dem alle.
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
Ordene blev udtalt af Sauron, da han smedede herskerringen.
These words were pronounced by Sauron when he forged the One Ring.
Ringe spillede en vigtig og central rolle i middelalderens skandinaviske litteratur.
Rings played an important and central role in medieval Scandinavian literature.
Den gode hersker beskrives som ringgiveren, hvor ringen både var en rig gave, men altså samtidig et tegn på gensidig forpligtelse.
The good master is described as the ring giver, where the ring was both a generous gift and a sign of mutual obligation.
Ideen om en central ring, hvortil der er knyttet flere ringe, genfindes i historien om Odins ring Draupner / Draupnir / ”Drypperen”.
The idea of ​​a central ring, to which several rings are linked, is found in the story of Odin’s ring “Draupnir”.
Dog er Odins ring en armring og ikke en fingerring.
However, Odin’s ring is a bangle and not a ring.
Hver niende nat drypper der fra Draupnir otte guldringe af samme vægt.
Every ninth night, eight gold rings of equal weight drip out of Draupnir.
Mere direkte parallel findes i Vølsungasaga.
A more direct parallel can be found in Volsunga Saga.
I historien om Sigurd Fafnersbane optræder en forhekset ring.
In the story of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer, an enchanted ring appears.
Historien blev siden gendigtet i det store tyske episke digt Niebelungenlied.
The story was later retold in the great German epic poem Nibelungenlied (the song of the Niebelungs).
Et andet eksempel på en legendarisk ring er kejser Karl den Stores ring – Slangens Ring.
Another example of a legendary ring is Emperor Charlemagne’s ring – the Serpent Ring.
Den indeholder også en fortryllende – men ødelæggende kraft.
It also contains an enchanting – but destructive – force.
Historien kan ses som et direkte forbillede for Tolkiens fortælling om ringen.
The story can be seen as a direct model for Tolkien’s story of the ring.
Ligeledes rækker myter om ringe helt tilbage til det Gamle Testamente og overleveringerne om kong Salomons ring, der gjorde ham i stand til at kontrollere dæmoner.
Myths also abound about rings dating right back to the Old Testament and the legend of King Solomon’s ring, which enabled him to control demons.
Tolkien blev i øvrigt i 1929 bekendt med en romersk guldring fundet i England.
In 1929, Tolkien also heard about a Roman gold ring found in England.
Ringen var blevet forbandet i forbindelse med, at den var blevet stjålet fra dens retmæssige ejermand.
The ring had been cursed when it was stolen from its rightful owner.
Historien er interessant, fordi den indikerer, at Tolkien også brugte genstande og ikke bare tekster som inspiration til sine historier.
The story is interesting because it shows that Tolkien also used objects and not just texts as inspiration for his stories.
De mange forskellige kilder, legender og sagn blev forbundet til en fortælling, der var forfatterens helt egen, men som indeholdt essensen af alle historierne.
The many different sources, myths and legends were connected to a tale that was the author’s own, but which contained the essence of all the stories.
De spiller en central rolle både i Hobbitten og i Ringenes Herre.
They play a central role in both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
I den Poetiske Edda, i Vølvens spådom (Voluspá), skabes dværgene af Brimirs blod og Blains lemmer.
In the Poetic Edda, in Völuspá (Voluspa), the dwarves are created from the blood of Brimir and the limbs of Blain.
Begge navne er andre navne for jætten Ymer, der blev dræbt af aserne (en nordisk gudestamme).
Both names are other names for the giant Ymir, who was killed by the Aesir (a clan of Norse gods).
Brimirs blod blev til havet og Blains lemmer til bjergene (skabt af hans knogler).
Brimir’s blood became the sea and Blain’s limbs, the mountains (created by his bones).
Alle dværgenes navne nævnes i Den Poetiske Edda.
All of the dwarves’ names are mentioned in the Poetic Edda.
Og deres oprindelsesmyte og slægtsrelationer er også mere komplekse i Tolkiens univers end i middelalderens litteratur.
And the myth of their origin and family relationships is also more complex in Tolkien’s universe than in medieval literature.
I sagalitteraturen har dværgene ofte stor indsigt og beskrives som meget kloge.
In the Sagas, dwarves often have great insight and are described as very clever.
I Edda-digtet Alvíssmál, dyster Thor på viden mod dværgen Alvis, der betyder ”den al vise”.
In the Edda poem Alvíssmál, Thor takes on the dwarf Alvis, which means “all-wise”, in a battle of wits.
De er desuden ofte forbundet med stor viden og kunnen inden for smedekunst.
The dwarves are often associated with extensive knowledge and skills in the art of forging.
Det er dværgene, der har skabt flere af de nordiske guders mest kendte våben og smykker.
Several of the Norse gods’ most famous weapons and pieces of jewellery were created by the dwarves.
I Skáldskaparmál beskrives det, hvorledes Loke kontakter dværgene kaldet Ivaldesønnerne.
Skáldskaparmál describes how Loki contacts the dwarves called Ivalde’s sons.
To andre dværge, Brok og Sindre, smeder Mjølner (Thors hammer), Draupner (Odins magiske ring) og den magiske galt (gris), Gyldenbørste, til Frey.
Two other dwarves, Brok and Sindri, forge Mjolnir (Thor’s hammer), Draupnir (Odin’s magic ring) and the magic boar, Gullinbursti, for Frey.
Da Thor dyster med Alvis, er det bare Thor der stiller spørgsmålene.
When Thor takes on Alvis, it is Thor who asks the questions.
Samme trick gør Gandalf brug af i Hobbitten, da rejseselskabet bliver taget til fange af tre trolde.
Gandalf makes use of the same trick in The Hobbit, when the travelling party is taken prisoner by three trolls.
Ligeledes bruges gådedysten dybt inde i bjerget i den legendariske gådedyst mellem Gollum og Bilbo.
And the riddle contest is also used deep inside the mountain, in the legendary riddle contest between Gollum and Bilbo.
En række andre historier fortæller, at dværgene bor enten i kampesten eller i bjerge.
A number of other stories recount that the dwarves live in boulders or in the mountains.
I den nordiske mytologi bor dværgene i miner og haller under jorden kaldet Nidavellir.
In Norse mythology, the dwarves live in mines and underground halls known as Nidavellir.
Det trækker referencer til både byen i det Ensomme bjerg og den gamle hovedstad i Morias miner, som beskrives i henholdsvis Hobbitten og Ringenes Herre.
This draws references to the city in the Lonely Mountain and the ancient capital in the Mines of Moria, described in both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Butikken har også et fint udvalg af tekstiler, årstidens delikatesser, plakater og påske- og julepynt efter gammeldags modeller.
The shop also contains a fine selection of textiles and jewellery, seasonal delicacies, posters, as well as Easter and Christmas decorations based on old-fashioned designs.
Butikken er åben i museets åbningstid og ligger ved museets hovedindgang.
The shop is open during museum opening hours.
I museumsbutikken kan du også få hjælp med spørgsmål om museet og sæsonens aktiviteter.
It is located in the museum’s main entrance building.
Museumsbutikken, Frilandsmuseet
Museumsbutikken (the Museum Shop), Frilandsmuseet
Orker og bjergtrolde huserer også i Tolkiens univers i det indre af bjergene.
In Tolkien’s universe, the Orcs and Mountain Trolls live inside the mountains.
Men også ældre og mere frygtindgydende væsner lever dybt under jorden.
And older and more fearsome creatures live deep underground.
I Ringenes Herre kæmper troldmanden Gandalf mod en dæmon, der kaldes en Balrog.
In The Lord of the Rings, Gandalf the wizard fights a demon known as a Balrog.
Hos Tolkien har balroggerne deres egen mytologi.
Tolkien’s Balrogs have their own mythology.
Balrog betyder på Tolkiens elversprog sindarin ”magt-rædsel” eller ”mægtig dæmon”.
In Tolkien’s Elvish language Sindarin, Balrog means “demon of might”.
Maiar og Melkor er navnene på to balrogger, der næst efter Sauron var de mægtigste og mest rædselsvækkende af hans tjenere.
After Sauron, Balrogs were the most powerful and most terrifying of his servants.
De er ildånder, men også hyldet i mørke.
They are fire spirits, but also shrouded in darkness.
De fleste balrogger døde i det Store Slag, men få overlevede ved at gemme sig i dybet.
Most of the Balrog died in the Great Battle, but a few survived by hiding in the depths.
I den tredje alder blev én af balroggerne opdaget af dværgene for enden af mithril-åren i Khazad-dûm.
In the Third Age, one of Balrogs was discovered by the dwarves at the bottom of the Mithril seam in Khazad-dûm.