natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det er samtidig det eneste godkendte asatrossamfund i Danmark.
This approval was granted in 2003.
Det blev det i 2003.
The believers are organised in groups located throughout Denmark.
De troende er organiseret i grupper over hele landet, også kaldet for blotlaug.
In addition, there are some believers who choose to practise individually.
De asatroende genopliver vikingernes tro ud fra myter overleveret i de skriftlige kilder, primært den Ældre og den Yngre Edda.
The believers in the old Nordic religion revive the Vikings’ beliefs from myths handed down via written sources, primarily the works of poetry known as the Elder and Younger Edda.
Da der ikke findes nogen overordnet fortolkning af kilderne, udøves troen, så den giver den bedste mening for den enkelte.
As no overall interpretation of the written sources exists, the religion is practised so that it gives the best meaning to the individual.
For at mærke kraften fra forfædrene tager de asatroende ud til førkristne kultsteder, når de bloter.
To feel the power of their ancestors, the believers in the old Nordic religion go to pre-Christian cult sites, where they make offerings.
Det kan eksempelvis være en gravhøj fra bronzealderen eller en skibssætning fra vikingetiden.
The chosen location may be a Bronze Age burial mound or a Viking Age ship setting, for instance.
Blotofrene ledes af en Gode (mandlig kultforretter) eller Gydje (kvindelig kultforretter).
Those participating in the sacrifice are led by a “Gode” (male cult priest) or “Gydje” (female cult priest).
Det foregår i reglen på den måde, at deltagerne danner en ceremoniel cirkel.
Usually the participants form a ceremonial circle.
På den måde skabes ”et helligt rum” – en slags portal til gudernes verden inde i cirklen.
This creates “a holy space” – a kind of portal to the world of the gods within the circle.
I cirklen hylder deltagerne nu deres guder indtil cirklen igen åbnes ceremonielt.
The participants then pay homage to their gods until the circle is ceremonially opened again.
Hvilke guder der anråbes, afhænger af årstiden og af emnet.
Specific gods are invoked depending on the season and the theme of the sacrifice.
Blotene udføres ca. fire gange om året - ved vintersolhverv, forårsjævndøgn, sommersolhverv og efterårsjævndøgn.
The offerings are carried out around four times a year – at the winter solstice, spring equinox, summer solstice and autumn equinox.
Vinter- og sommersolhverv er henholdsvis årets korteste og længste dag.
The winter and summer solstice are respectively the shortest and longest day.
Mens ved forårs- og efterårsjævndøgn er dagen og natten lige lange.
At the spring and autumn equinox day and night are equally long.
Vikingernes måde at inddele året på hang nøje sammen med arbejds- og dagliglivets gøremål.
The way the Vikings divided up the year was closely connected to the activities of work and daily life.
Inddelingen tog udgangspunkt i solens årlige forløb og i bestemte månefaser.
This division was based upon the sun’s yearly course and the various phases of the moon.
For vikingerne begyndte året med vinterhalvåret omkring den 13. oktober.
The Viking year began around 13 October.
Vikingerne indledte vinterhalvåret med et stort og offentligt høstblot, og de afsluttede det med et tilsvarende sejrsblot, når foråret stod for døren omkring den 14. april – for nu begyndte krigssæsonen.
They marked the beginning of the winter half of the year with a large public harvest sacrifice and ended it with a corresponding victory sacrifice, when spring was beginning around 14 April – which marked the start of the war season.
Herimellem fejrede vikingerne også vintersolhverv, der begyndte omkring den 21. december – årets korteste dag.
Between these two sacrifices the Vikings also celebrated the winter solstice around 21 December, the year’s shortest day.
Nu begyndte året at gå mod lysere og varmere tider.
After this date the days gradually became lighter and warmer.
Den største højtid i vinterhalvåret var som i dag julen.
As is the case today, the great festival of the winter half of the year was Christmas.
Den begyndte midt i januar, og festen varede ikke én dag men i ugevis.
The festival began in the middle of January and lasted for weeks.
Sommerhalvåret brugte vikingerne til at samle forråd.
The summer half of the year was used by the Vikings to gather supplies.
Ved sommersolhverv, også kaldet Midsommerblot, omkring den 21. juni fejrede vikingerne årets længste dag – vores Sankt Hans.
Around 21 June, the summer solstice, the Vikings held their midsummer sacrifice celebrations, on the year’s longest day we know as Midsummer’s Eve.
Nu begyndte året igen at gå mod mørkere tider.
After this the year began to move toward darker times again.
Ved efterårsjævndøgn blev dagen og natten igen lige lange.
At the autumn equinox day and night were once again of equal length.
Mørket havde endnu en gang sejret over lyset, og vinterhalvåret begyndte på ny.
Darkness had triumphed over light and the winter half of the year began once more.
For eksempel indeholder runeindskiften på Glavendrup-stenen på Fyn en advarsel til dem, der kunne finde på at skænde eller flytte stenen.
For example, the Glavendrup stone on Funen displays a warning to anyone who dares to damage or move the stone.
Runeindskriften lyder: Ragnhild satte denne sten efter Alle gode, hæderværdige thegn.
The runic inscription reads: Ragnhildr placed this stone in memory of Alli the Pale, priest of the sanctuary, honourable þegn of the retinue.
Thor vie disse runer.
Þórr hallow these runes.
Vikingerne tog også jærtegn – varsler i naturen.
The Vikings also used omens – warnings from nature – to predict the future.
Det fremgår af sagaerne.
This is described in the sagas.
Vikingerne troede, at det som skete i naturen, var budskaber fra guderne.
The Vikings believed that natural occurrences were messages from the gods.
Ved for eksempel at iagttage hvilken vej, fuglene fløj eller hestene løb, kunne vikingerne tage varsler.
Omens could be deduced from, for example, observing the way in which birds flew or horses galloped.
Men rigtig mange indskrifter kan knyttes direkte til kirken.
But many inscriptions are associated with the Christianity.
I ”Vølvens Spådom” – et gudedigt fra den Ældre Edda - opsøger en gammel mand en vølve, da han ønsker at kende fremtiden og hele verdens skæbne.
In “Völuspá:The prophecy of the seeress” – a poem from the Elder Edda – an old man visits a seeress, as he wishes to know the future and what the fate of the world will be.
Han ser fattig og ussel ud, men da han kun har ét øje, genkender vølven ham straks som Odin.
He looks poor and miserable, but as he has only one eye the seeress recognises him immediately as Odin.
Odin tilbyder vølven sin halskæde og ring som betaling for at fortælle ham, hvordan fremtiden vil blive.
Odin offers the völva his necklace and ring as payment for telling him the future.
Hun begynder så at fortælle om verdens skabelse, de første guder, de første mennesker og om verdens undergang – Ragnarok, hvor guder kæmper mod jætter.
She then begins to inform him about the creation of the world, the first gods and people, as well as the end of the world – Ragnarök, when gods will do battle with giants.
Vølven fortæller videre, at efter Ragnarok, den altødelæggende krig, vil verden genopstå.
The seeress also describes how after Ragnarök, the all-destructive war, the world will rise again.
Men hun ser også det onde vende tilbage i verden…
But she also sees that evil will return to the world.
Vølven udfører sejd med en kombination af stav, sang og højsæde, som middel til at lade sjælen rejse.
The völva carries out seid using a combination of a wand, song and special seat, which enable the soul to travel.
Vølven sidder med sin stav på et særligt højsæde - sejdhjællen.
She sits on her special seat holding a wand.
Hun er ofte omgivet af et følge af unge piger, der synger ånderne frem.
The völva is usually surrounded by a group of young girls, who sing to evoke the spirits.
Sangen ændrer vølvens bevidsthed og hensætter hende i trance.
The song changes the seeress’s state of consciousness and sends her into a trance.
Nu kan hun besøge hjælpeånder og guder, fremføre sit ærinde og skue vidt.
Now she can visit helpful spirits and gods, state her purpose and see widely.
Når sangen dør hen, befinder hun sig stadig mellem verdenerne.
When the song dies down, she still finds herself between worlds.
I den tilstand kan hun spå, svare på de spørgsmål om fremtid og skæbne, som kredsens deltagere stiller hende.
In this state she can predict the future, answering the questions about the future and fate that the participants in the circle ask her.
Begrebet sejd og vølver kendes fra blandt andet islandske sagaer, og deres eksistens er bekræftet af arkæologiske fund.
The concept of seid and völur or seeresses are known about from the Icelandic sagas, and their existence has also been confirmed by archaeological finds.
Sejd er en ekstase-teknik, der lader sjælen fare til andre verdener for at søge informationer.
Seid is an ecstasy technique, which enables the soul to travel to other worlds to seek information.
Vølverne havde høj status i samfundet.
Seeresses had a high status in society.
De blev behandlet ”som konger”, når de kom for at hjælpe en husholdning eller bygd i nød.
They were treated with great respect, when they came to help a household or settlement in distress.
I Erik den Rødes saga fortælles om vølven Thorbjørg, der sejder på hele bygdens vegne.
In the Saga of Erik the Red a seeress is described, who practices seid on behalf of the whole settlement.
Thorbjørg ankom med sit følge af unge piger – åndehjælperne.
She comes accompanied by an entourage of young girls – the spirit helpers.
Pigerne skulle synge de hjælpeånder frem, som vølven skulle i kontakt med.
The girls sing and invoke the spirits, who the seeress needs to make contact with.
Ved kristendommens indførelse mistede vølverne langsomt deres funktion.
With the introduction of Christianity, the seeresses slowly lost their function.
I middelalderen fik ordet vølve samme betydning som heks.
In the Middle Ages the Danish word for seeress “vølve” meant witch.
Deres ritualer blev nu forbundet med farlig og skadelig magi.
Their rituals were by then connected with dangerous and harmful magic.
På den vis kan man godt sige, at vølven er heksens tip-tip-oldemor.
Thus it might be said that the Viking Age seeresses were predecessors of medieval witches.
I løbet af middelalderen blev der også udstedt love, der skulle undertrykke hedenske ritualer.
Laws were issued in the Middle Ages in order to suppress pagan rituals.
Sejd og al anden trolddom blev forbudt.
Seid and all other magic was forbidden.
Det lykkedes dog aldrig helt at udrydde disse skikke.
However, it was not possible to completely wipe out these old ways.
I dag udøves ”sejd” på ny i mange variationer af vidt forskellige grupper og netværk.
Today seid is being used again in various ways, by different groups and networks.
Ind i mellem gøres arkæologiske fund, der er helt ud over det sædvanlige.
Sometimes very unusual archaeological finds are made.
Det er for eksempel en meget mærkelig kvindegrav fra vikingetiden fundet ved ringborgen ”Fyrkat” ved Hobro.
For example, there is the very strange Viking woman’s grave, which was found at the ring fortress of “Fyrkat”, near Hobro, in Denmark.
Blandt de omtrent 30 grave på stedet adskiller den sig ved usædvanlige gravgaver.
Amongst the total of around 30 graves from the site, it stands out because of its unusual grave goods.
Det var en kvindegrav – måske lå her en vølve.
It was the grave of a female, who may have been a seeress.
Kvinden var ved sin begravelse klædt i en fornem blå og rød dragt udsmykket med guldtråde – en konge værdig.
At the time of burial the woman was dressed in fine blue and red clothes adorned with gold thread – which had royal status.
Hun var begravet som de rigeste kvinder i en vognfading – vognkassen fra en hestevogn.
She was buried, like the richest women, in the body of a horse-drawn carriage.
Hun havde fået ordinære kvindegaver med som tenvægte og saks.
She had been given ordinary female gifts, like spindle whorls and scissors.
Men også eksotika fra fremmede egne, som var en rig kvinde værdige.
But there were also exotic goods from foreign parts, indicating that the woman must have been wealthy.
Hun var udsmykket med to tåringe af sølv - det ses ikke andre steder i Norden!
She wore toe rings of silver, which have not been found elsewhere in Scandinavia.
Derudover fandtes en bronzeskål i graven, som måske stammer helt fra Centralasien!
In addition, two bronze bowls were also found in the grave, which may have come all the way from Central Asia.
Blandt de særlige genstande ses en metalstav og frø fra den giftige bulmeurt.
Amongst the unusual objects, were a metal wand and seeds from the poisonous henbane plant.
Disse to rekvisitter knyttes til vølven.
These two accessories are associated with the seeress.
Den genstand, der er mest omgærdet af mystik, er en metalstav.
The most mysterious object is the metal wand.
Den er nu temmelig ødelagt efter opholdet i jorden.
It has partially disintegrated after the long period in the ground.
Den udgøres af en jernpind med bronzebeslag.
It consists of an iron stick with bronze fittings.
Her kan være tale om en stav beregnet til at udøve magi – en vølvestav eller tryllestav, om man vil!
This may have been a wand associated with the practice of magic – a völva’s wand or magic wand.
Bulmeurtfrøene lå i en lille pung.
The henbane seeds were found in a small purse.
Har vores kvinde fra Fyrkat gjort dette?
Did the woman from Fyrkat do this?
- I hendes bæltespænde fandtes blyhvidt, som kan anvendes som ingrediens i hudsalve.
In her belt buckle was white lead, which was sometimes used as an ingredient in skin ointment.
Andre genstande i graven underbygger, at kvinden var en vølve.
Other objects in the grave add further support to the argument that the woman was a seeress.
Ved fødderne lå en æske, der indeholdt forskellige ting som uglegylp og små knogler fra fugle og pattedyr.
At her feet was a box containing various items, such as owl pellets, and small bird and mammal bones.
Derudover sås en amulet af sølv udformet som en lille stol – sejdhjællen?
Apart from these, there was a silver amulet shaped like a chair – the seid or magic chair?
Og staven var også en vigtig rekvisit i udførelsen af sejd.
The staff or wand was also an important accessory in the carrying out of seid or magic.
Der er flere eksempler på mystiske jernstave i vikingegrave.
There are several examples of mysterious iron staffs from Viking Age graves.
De findes som oftest i rige kvindegrave.
They have most often been found in the graves of wealthy women.
Dette understreger, at vølverne tilhørte samfundets top.
This emphasises the fact that völur belonged to the upper strata of society.
Et eksempel på sådan en grav er kvinden fra Fyrkat, som har paralleller til andre rige vølve-kvindegrave i Skandinavien.
An example of this type of female grave is the woman from Fyrkat, which is comparable to other richly-furnished völur women’s graves from Scandinavia.
Vølvegraven fra Köpingsvik i Öland indeholder en 82 cm lang jernstav med bronzeornamenter og en husmodel på toppen.
The völva burial from Köpingsvik, on the Swedish island of Öland, contained an 82 cm long iron staff, with bronze ornamentation and a house represented on top.
Med var også en kande fra Centralasien og en bronzekedel fra Vesteuropa.
Accompanying this was a jug from Central Asia and a bronze cauldron from Western Europe.
Kvinden var iklædt bjørnepels og var begravet i en skibssætning, der også indeholdt ofrede dyr og mennesker.
The woman was dressed in bear fur and was buried within a ship setting, or stone ship, which also contained sacrificed animals and humans.
En anden vølvegrav er Oseberggraven fra Norge.
Another völva burial is the Oseberg burial from Norway.
Den indeholdt ligene af to kvinder.
This contained the bodies of two women.
Den ene var sandsynligvis en meget fornem kvinde, mens den anden var træl.
One was a woman of high status, whilst the other was a slave.
Flere af genstandene i graven kan forbindes med sejd og vølver, for eksempel en stav af træ og cannabisfrø i en pung.
Several of the objects in the burial are associated with seid and seeresses, for example a wooden staff or wand, and cannabis seeds in a purse.
I Hagebyhöga i Östergötland er en anden vølve begravet.
At Hagebyhöga in Östergötland, Sweden, another seeress was buried.
Udover sin stav fik hun blandt andet heste, en vogn og arabiske bronzekander med i graven samt et lille sølvsmykke udformet som en kvinde med et stort halssmykke.
Apart from her staff or wand, she was placed with horses, a carriage and Arabic bronze jugs, together with a small piece of silver jewellery shaped like a woman with a large necklace.
Denne figur tolkes som Freja – vølvernes gudinde – med Brisingamen om halsen.
This figure can be interpreted as Freyja – the goddess of the Viking seeresses – who is wearing the necklace “Brísinga men”.
Vølverne var også kendt for deres evner til forførelse.
The völur were also known for their skills of seduction.
Det var en af grundene til, at de blev regnet som farlige.
This was one of the reasons that they were reckoned to be dangerous.
Frejas evner for sejd var på højde med selveste Odins – gudernes konge.
Freyja’s skills at practising seid were on the same level as Odin – the king of the gods.
I myter fremstilles Freja som den store forførerske.
In myths Frejya is portrayed as a great seducer.
Derfor har Freja muligvis fungeret som et guddommeligt forbillede for vølverne i vikingernes samfund.
She therefore may have functioned as a divine role model for the völur in Viking society.
Vølverne har måske forført mændene ved brug af narkotiske stoffer?
Perhaps völur seduced men using narcotic substances?
De første konger dukkede op, og i løbet af perioden voksede kongemagten sig stærkere og mere synlig.
The first kings emerged and royal power became stronger and more visible.
En kongemagt, som var baseret på militær styrke, personlige alliancer og udenlandske kontakter.
This royal power was based upon military strength, personal alliances and foreign contacts.
Bag kongemagten stod et hold af imponerende dygtige håndværkere, der udtænkte og byggede broer, fartøjer og borge af en størrelse og kvalitet, som man ikke havde set tidligere.
Behind the kings were clever craftsmen, who designed and built bridges, vessels and fortresses of a size and quality that had not been seen before.
På runesten kan man læse, hvordan vikingerne priste tapperhed i kamp og hædrede afdøde slægtninge ved at rejse mindesten.
On rune stones we can read Viking inscriptions that praise bravery in battle and honour deceased family members.
Det var dog ikke alle vikinger forundt.
However, not all Vikings were so lucky.
I samfundets bund var trællene, der levede under kummerlige kår.
At the bottom of society were the slaves, who lived in miserable conditions.
Hvor stort var Danmark?
How big was Denmark?
Slaver og trælle
Slaves and thralls
I Jylland gik landets grænse helt ned til floden Ejderen, hvor handelsbyen Hedeby lå.
In Jutland the border was located further to the south at the Eider River, and was marked by the defensive system known as the Danevirke.
Grænsen blev markeret af befæstningsanlægget Dannevirke.
The trading settlement of Hedeby was located close to the border.
I øst var grænsen ikke som i dag ved Øresund.
In the east the border was not marked by Øresund, like it is today.
Østfold i det nuværende Norge og Sveriges vestkyst var sandsynligvis en del af Danmark i 890’erne og måske før.
Østfold, which is located in the south of present-day Norway, was probably part of Denmark in the 890s and perhaps before this.
Fra 970 til 1035 var Norge i længere perioder under dansk herredømme.
Norway was under Danish rule for long periods between 970 and 1035.
Hertil skal også lægges kongemagten i England.
The throne of England was also occupied by Danish kings in the Viking period.
Under Svend Tveskæg tog togterne til England igen fart, og Svend Tveskæg blev den første vikingekonge, som i 1013 erobrede hele England.
Under Sweyn Forkbeard the raids against England increased, and in 1013 Sweyn became the first Viking king to conquer all of England.
Han blev anerkendt som Englands nye konge, men døde allerede året efter.
He was recognised as England’s new king, but died the year after.
Svend Tveskæg lagde grunden til et dansk-norsk-engelsk Nordsøimperium, som hans søn Knud den Store efter ham udbyggede og cementerede.
Sweyn Forkbeard laid the foundations of a Danish-Norwegian-English North Sea Empire, which his son Canute the Great later enlarged and cemented.
Knud den Store kaldte sig i et brev til det engelske folk i 1027: ”Knud, konge over hele England og Danmark og over nordmændene og en del af sveerne (Sverige)”.
In a letter to the English people in 1027 Canute the Great called himself “Canute, king of all of England and Denmark and the Norwegians and part of Sweden.”
Efter Knuds død i 1035 efterfulgte to af hans sønner ham kortvarigt på Englands trone frem til 1042, hvorefter Nordsøimperiet faldt fra hinanden.
After Canute’s death in 1035, two of his sons succeeded him on the English throne for a short period until 1042, but subsequently the North Sea Empire collapsed.
Ved hjælp af blandt andet arkæologiske fund og metoder mener man i dag, at befolkningen i det nuværende danske område var på ca. 500.000 omkring år 800.
Based upon, amongst other things, the archaeological evidence, it is believed that the population of the area now occupied by Denmark was around 500,000 in the year 800 AD.
Befolkningen voksede støt frem til 1200-tallet, hvor den rundede ca. 1. mio.
This steadily increased until the 1200s, when the population reached c. 1 million.
I vikingetiden var æren, familien og slægten altafgørende, og samfundet var bundet sammen af traditioner og normer.
In the Viking period honour, family and lineage were crucially important, and society was bound together by traditions and norms.
Den personlige ære blev opnået gennem særlige egenskaber som for eksempel fysisk mod, dygtighed, gavmildhed og ikke mindst kammeratskab.
Personal honour was achieved through particular attributes, such as courage, cleverness, generosity and fellowship.
Hvis man havde æren og ryet i behold, ville ens navn aldrig blive glemt:
If a person’s honour and reputation were intact, then his or her name would never be forgotten:
Slægt dør,
Kinsmen die,
man selv dør,
You yourself die,
dø skal gods og guld;
gods and gold die;
et ærligt navn skal aldrig dø,
an honourable name will never die,
et man vandt
one which was won
ved sit værk
by your own work
(Hávamál strofe 77).
(Hávamál stanza 77).
Det store eddadigt Hávamál giver i modsætning til vikingetidens mange heltedigte om krigeriske bedrifter en lang række praktiske leveregler i dagligdagen.
The great Eddic poem Hávamál, in contrast to the many heroic poems about exploits in war, contains a large number of practical rules of conduct for everyday life.
Der er vers om klogskab, venskab, at være gæst, opførsel på tinge osv.
There are verses about wisdom, friendship, how to act as a guest and how to behave at assemblies (“things”).
Digtet Rigs Vandring rummer en levende skildring af vikingetidens klassesamfund.
The poem Rígsthula provides us with a vivid portrayal of class divisions in Viking society.
Rig, som er guden Heimdal, er på rejse i menneskenes verden.
Ríg, who is the god Heimdall, goes on a journey in the human world.
Rig kommer først til en ussel rønne, hvor han møder et pjaltet par, Oldefar og Oldemor.
Ríg arrives at a miserable hovel, where he meets a couple dressed in ragged clothes, Ái (Great-grandfather) and Edda (Great-grandmother).
Her beværtes han med elendig mad.
They offer him some pitiful food.
Om natten ligger han i sengen mellem de to.
At night he lies between the couple in a bed.
Ni måneder senere føder Oldemor en grov, sort og ludende søn, som bliver døbt Træl.
Nine months later Great-grandmother gives birth to an ugly son with a crooked back, who is named Thrall.
Træl avler børn med den snavsede Tøs, og deres børn bliver ophav til trællenes æt.
Thrall has children together with Thír, who is described as filthy, and from these children slaves originate.