natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Efterfølgende, i perioden fra 2600-2350 f.Kr., genbrugte man ofte en eksisterende høj til nye grave.
Later, in the period from 2600 to 2350 BC, new graves were often dug into an existing barrow.
I takt med dette blev højen gjort større.
At the same time the barrow was enlarged.
Omkring nogle høje blev der sat et stolpehegn, og børn blev begravet i små kister i højens yderkanter.
A fence of posts was erected around some barrows and children were buried in small cists at the outer edge of the mound.
Enkeltgravskulturens nabo mod øst kaldes Stridsøksekulturen eller Bådøksekulturen, opkaldt efter dens bådformede stridsøkser lavet af bjergart.
The Single Grave Culture’s neighbour to the east was called the Battle Axe Culture or the Boat Axe Culture, named after its boat-shaped battle axes made of stone.
På Bornholm blev der også inddraget større arealer til dyrkning.
Substantial areas of land were also cultivated on Bornholm.
De døde valgte man at begrave i stenkister.
Stone cists were used for burials.
Pragtdolken fra Hindsgavl med sin mindre end 1 cm tykke klinge er vort fineste eksempel på flintsmedenes fremragende teknik i stenalderens slutning.
The magnificent dagger from Hindsgavl with its blade less than 1 cm thick is the finest example of the flintworkers’ outstanding skills at the end of the Stone Age.
Den blev fundet omkring 1867 på øen Fænø i Lillebælt.
It was found around 1876 on tihe island Fænø in the Little Belt.
Fladehuggede dolke markerer begyndelsen til slutningen af stenalderen, og netop dolkene er grunden til, at perioden fra 2400-1800 f.Kr. kaldes dolktid.
Pressure-flaked daggers mark the beginning of the end of the Stone Age, and are the reason why the period from 2400-1800 BC is called the Dagger Period.
Det var et meget specialiseret håndværk, der overgik alt hvad man tidligere havde set, og som krævede en mester!
It was a very specialized craft, superior to anything that had been seen before, and required a master of the art!
Hemmeligheden bag de raffinerede dolke var brugen af den såkaldte ”bløde teknik”.
The secret behind the sophisticated daggers was the use of the so-called ‘soft technique’.
Ved at slå direkte på flinten med en blød hammer, af tak eller hårdt træ, kunne man lave en grov udformning af flintstykket.
By striking the flint directly with a soft hammer of antler or hard wood, one could make a crude initial form of the flint object.
Derefter kunne man, med en lille trykstok, ”trykke” små aflange flintafslag af dolkens overflade.
Afterwards a small flaking tool could be pressed on to the surface of the dagger to remove small oblong flint flakes.
Grib tropehjelmen og tag på ekspedition med Nationalmuseets nye fødselsdagstilbud for børn i alderen 5-9 år.
For children between 5-9 years.
I skal selv sørge for at tørre bordene af og feje gulvet for kagekrummer og andet.
When the birthday is done you have to clean the tables and sweep the floor.
Når I ankommer skal I henvende jer i Informationen, de vil vise jer vej til lokalet.
When you arrive at the National Museum you have to check-in at the information counter.
På det europæiske kontinent startede nu den tidlige bronzealder, og her blev dolken mandens vigtigste statussymbol.
On the European continent the Early Bronze Age began and the dagger became the man’s most important status symbol.
Denne udvikling kom også til Danmark, men her lavede man dolkene af flint, med de europæiske metaldolke som forbillede.
This development also occurred in Denmark, where the daggers were made of flint, but modelled on the European metal daggers.
Herefter var flinthuggerens storhedstid forbi.
After this the heyday of the flintworker was over.
Selv om bronzen blev meget populær, fortsatte man dog med at producere smukke flintdolke langt ind i bronzealderen.
Although bronze became very popular, the production of beautiful flint daggers continued far into the Bronze Age.
Mens mange af stenalderens flintredskaber, såsom økser og flækkeknive, var livsnødvendige, synes dolkene ikke at være anvendelige i det daglige arbejde.
While many of the flint implements of the Stone Age such as axes and knives were essential to life, the daggers do not seem to have been usable for everyday activities.
De havde en anden funktion.
They had another function.
De var prestigegenstande, der blev brugt til at vise ejerens status.
They were prestige objects that were used to show the owner’s status.
I dolktidens mandsgrave ligger dolkene ved bæltestedet.
In the men’s graves of the Dagger Period the daggers lie by the waist of the body.
Selv om flintsmedene var konservative og traditionsbundne, var de også åbne over for nye modestrømninger.
Although the flintworkers were conservative and bound by tradition, they were also open to new currents of fashion.
Derfor ændredes flintdolkenes udseende sig med tiden.
The appearance of the flint daggers therefore changed over time.
Ved hjælp af disse ændringer i udformningen kan arkæologerne inddele dem i seks typer, der kan dateres forholdsvist snævert.
Using these changes in the design archaeologists can divide them into six dagger types that can be dated relatively narrowly.
Det er især fæstet, der adskiller typerne.
It is mainly the hilts that distinguish the types.
- Hindsgavldolken er en type IV dolk.
- The Hindsgavl Dagger is a type IV dagger.
Andre små flintteknologiske mesterværker dukker også op af den danske muld.
Other small masterpieces of flint technology have been dug up from the Danish soil.
Omkring begyndelsen af dolktiden (2400-1800 f.Kr.) fremstilles pilespidser af den verdensomspændende trekantede form, som eksempelvis også nordamerikanske indianere og andre naturfolk anvendte.
Around the beginning of the Dagger Period (2400-1800 BC) arrowheads were made in the triangular form known worldwide, as also used by North American Indians and other indigenous peoples.
Disse spidser er lavet ved hjælp af den såkaldte presteknik, hvor man presser små stykker af flinten med et spidst håndholdt redskab.
These arrowheads were made with the so-called pressure flaking technique, where small flakes of flint are removed with a pointed, hand-held tool.
Pilespidser, der formentlig er ”forbiere”, findes som løsfund rundt omkring i landskabet.
Arrowheads which were presumably ‘misses’ appear as stray finds scattered over the landscape.
Nogle gange findes pilespidserne også på bopladser og i grave.
Sometimes the arrowheads are also found at settlement sites and in graves.
Fladehuggede pilespidser blev brugt gennem hele dolktiden frem til yngre bronzealder, hvor de ikke længere kunne konkurrere med pilespidser af metal.
Worked arrowheads were used throughout the Dagger Period and until the Late Bronze Age, when they could no longer compete with arrowheads of metal.
Stridsøkser med nakkeknop er efterligninger af støbte økser af kobber, der undertiden kom bønderne i hænde, men som på den tid har været sjældne.
Battle axes with knobbed butts are imitations of the axes forged in copper which sometimes came into the hands of the farmers, but which would have been rare at that time.
Dolkstave af flint kan også være efterligninger af metalvåben.
Flint halberds may also have been imitations of metal weapons.
Pris:
Prices
50 kroner pr. person.
50 DKK.
Engelske rundvisninger:
Guided tours in English
Juni-september: Lørdag kl. 14
June - September: Saturdays 14.00.
Brugen af dette metal har givet navn til perioden bronzealderen.
The use of this metal has given its name to the Bronze Age period.
Bronze er hårdere end kobber, som indtil bronzens fremkomst var det metal, man anvendte.
Bronze is harder than copper, which is the metal that was used until the introduction of the new alloy.
Med bronzen fik redskaber og våben skarpere ægge.
Bronze tools and weapons had sharper edges.
Desuden er bronzens smeltepunkt lavere end kobbers, så det er lettere at forarbejde.
Bronze’s melting point is also lower than copper’s, so it is easier to produce.
Behovet for det nye metal gjorde det nødvendigt at rejse sydpå, da disse råstoffer ikke fandtes herhjemme.
The need for the new metal made it necessary to travel south, as these raw materials were not available in Denmark.
Forbindelseslinjerne gik på kryds og tværs gennem Europa.
Connections criss-crossed Europe.
Norden var forbundet med et netværk af kontakter, der rakte helt ned til Middelhavets solbeskinnede verden.
The North was linked with a network that reached all the way to the sunlit world of the Mediterranean.
Men kølvandssporene over Østersøen og ad flodvejene ind i Europa er for længst slettet.
The wakes of the ships crossing the Baltic and sailing the river routes into Europe have long since disappeared.
De eneste spor, der er tilbage efter rejserne, er de varer, som de rejsende bragte med sig.
The only evidence left of these journeys are the goods that the travellers brought back with them.
Sværdene fra Stensgård og Torupgårde er fremstillet i Ungarn eller Rumænien.
The swords from Stensgård and Torupgårde were made in Hungary or Romania.
Sværdene fra Dollerup og Ørskovhede er formentlig fremstillet i Sydtyskland som efterligninger af sværd fra Middelhavsområdet.
Other swords from Dollerup and Ørskovhede were probably produced in southern Germany, as imitations of types from the Mediterranean area.
Sværdet fra Trevad kommer fra Sydtyskland.
The sword from Trevad originates from southern Germany.
Ankelringen blev fremstillet i Mecklenburg syd for Østersøen.
The ankle ring was made in the Mecklenburg area, south of the Baltic.
Fundet viser, at der i den tidlige bronzealder gik kontakter fra Danmark over Østersøen til Nordtyskland.
The finds show that in the early Bronze Age there were contacts across the Baltic Sea to northern Germany.
I graven fandt man en barkspand, der har indeholdt en slags honningsødet øl.
In the Egtved Girl’s coffin a bark bucket containing an alcoholic drink sweetened by honey was found.
Læs mere om Egtvedpigens øl.
Read more about the Egtved Girl's beer.
Højen viste sig at indeholde en mandsgrav fra ældre bronzealder.
The barrow contained the grave of a man dating to the early Bronze Age.
Den døde var blevet lagt i en egekiste, og med sig havde han fået nogle særegne gravgaver.
The dead man had been placed in an oak coffin and had been given some peculiar grave goods.
Blandt hans ejendele var nemlig to dobbeltøkseformede smykker af bronze, en type der kendes fra Grækenland og Kreta.
Among his possessions were two double axe-shaped pieces of bronze jewellery, of a type known from Greece and Crete.
Det rav, der cirkulerede blandt Europas folkeslag i bronzealderen, kom fra de baltiske egne ved Østersøen eller fra den jyske Vesterhavskyst.
The amber that circulated amongst Europe’s peoples in the Bronze Age came from the areas around the Baltic or from the North Sea coast of Jutland.
Et fund fra Understed i Nordjylland med 3,3 kg uforarbejdet rav samt fund af rav på bopladser i Thy antyder, hvor ravet kom fra.
The 3.3 kg of unworked amber from Understed in northern Jutland, together with finds from settlements in Thy, suggest where the amber originated.
Det nordiske rav nåede helt til Grækenland.
The Scandinavian amber reached as far as Greece.
Solholderen er lavet af bronze og rav.
The sun-holder is made of bronze and amber.
Hvis man holder den op mod lyset, kan man se et solkors i midten.
It comes from Denmark but unfortunately it's find place is unknown.
Den er fundet et ukendt sted i Danmark.
When held up against the light, a sun cross appears in the middle of the amber disc.
Solen var et centralt element i bronzealderens kosmologi.
The sun was an important element in Bronze Age religion.
Her fandt han et ornamenteret krumsværd af bronze, der var stukket skråt ned i tørven.
He found an ornamented curved sword of bronze that had been stuck diagonally into the turf.
Sværdet var fra bronzealderens begyndelse omkring 1600 f.Kr., og det var det første af sin art, der blev fundet i Danmark.
The sword was from the beginning of the Bronze Age, around 1600 BC, and was the first of its kind to be found in Denmark.
Bronze er et blandingsmetal, en såkaldt legering, af kobber og tin.
Bronze is a mixture of metals – an alloy of copper and tin.
Det er ikke muligt at udvinde disse metaller i den danske natur.
It is not possible to mine these metals in the Danish landscape.
Derfor har man i bronzealderen været afhængig af udlandet, hvis man skulle have fat i bronze.
So in the Bronze Age people were dependent on imports from abroad if they wanted bronze.
Forsyningerne kunne eksempelvis stamme fra Atlanterhavsområdet eller det østalpine område.
The supplies could for example come from the Atlantic coast or the eastern Alpine area.
Her var naturlige kobberforekomster, der kunne benyttes til at lave bronze af.
There were natural copper deposits in these areas that could be used to make bronze.
Vi må forestille os, at det dyrebare metal kom til Danmark via et veludbygget udvekslingsnetværk.
We must suppose that the costly metal came to Denmark via a well-developed exchange network.
Måske har det været meningen, at de to næsten identiske sværd skulle bæres frem ved ceremonier, hvor deres ejendommelige udformning kunne beundres.
Perhaps the idea was that the two almost identical swords were to be carried at ceremonies where their distinctive design could be admired.
Under alle omstændigheder var sværdene kostbarheder, som kun de færreste i datidens samfund havde i deres eje.
Under all circumstances the swords were costly items that only a few people in the society of the time could possess.
En bronzealdermand med sit sværd og rejst fallos.
A Bronze Age man with phallus and sword.
Helleristning fra Herrestrup i Nordvestsjælland.
Rock carving from Herrestrup in north-western Zealand.
Læs mere om mændenes sværd her.
Read more about the men's swords here.
Det var dyrebare sager af bronze – økser, ringe og nogle tunge krogformede beslag.
These consisted of bronze axes, rings and some heavy hook-shaped mountings.
Disse beslag kan have siddet på åget i forspandet til en let, tohjulet vogn.
The mountings may have been part of a yoke for a team drawing a light, two-wheeled chariot.
Genstandene blev fundet i løbet af nogle dage i 1887 af et par drenge, der vogtede kvæg ved Gallemosen.
The objects were found in the course of a few days in 1887 by a couple of boys who were tending cattle at Gallemosen.
Dengang bronzesagerne blev nedlagt, var her en sø med åbent vand.
At the time when the bronze items were deposited it was a lake of open water.
Offernedlæggelse af to sæt kvindesmykker, fundet i en mose ved Vognserup Enge ved Holbæk.
Votive deposit of two sets of women's jewellery found in a bog at Vognserup Enge near Holbæk.
Centralt i bronzealderens kvindemode var bælteprydelser, der blev suppleret af andre accessories.
Belt ornaments, together with other accessories, were an important part of women's fashion in the Bronze Age.
Hovedbygningen blev i 1795 opført som landsted af Brede Værks ejer, etatsråd Peter van Hemert (1734 - 1810).
The main building was built in 1795 as the country residence of the owner of Brede Works, Peter van Hemert (1734 - 1810).
Selve byggeriet overlod van Hemert til en arkitekt, der var erfaren i tidens nyklassicistiske arkitektur, sandsynligvis hofarkitekt Andreas Kirkerup.
Van Hemert gave the task of the building work to an architect, who was experienced in the neoclassical architecture of the time, probably court architect Andreas Kirkerup.
Det nye landsted skulle være - og blev også - en præsentabel sommerbolig for en mand, der som Peter van Hemert indtog en fremtrædende plads indenfor det københavnske handelsaristokrati.
The new country house should have been, and also became, a presentable summer residence for a man like Peter van Hemert, who took up a prominent place amongst the Copenhagen trading aristocracy.
Det var dog kun få år, Peter van Hemert og hans familie kom til at nyde godt af disse smukke omgivelser.
However, Peter van Hemert and his family enjoyed these pleasant surroundings for just a few years.
I 1805 gik van Hemert fallit, og i årene efter blev alt solgt på auktion.
In 1805 he became bankrupt and in the following years his possessions were auctioned off.
Søndag (juni, juli og august) 12, 13 og 14
Sundays in June, July and August at 12, 13 and 14 hours.
Kræver tilmelding i Informationen på Brede Værk
Sign up in the information booth at Brede Works.
Voksen DKK 50
Adult DKK 50
Pensionist, studerende og gruppe DKK 40
Pensioners, students and group DKK 40
Barn under 18 er gratis
Child under 18 is free
(min 10 personer - max 15)
(min. 10 people - max. 15)
Brede Hovedbygning er en del af Brede Værk, som er Nationalmuseets museum om industrialiseringen.
Brede Manor is part of Brede Works, which is the National Museum’s industrial museum.
Bronzen, der er et blandingsmetal med netop disse bestanddele, må være importeret hertil.
Bronze, which is an alloy of these component metals, must have been imported.
Ornamentikken på nogle af økserne fortæller, at de er produceret på hhv. de britiske øer og i Mellemtyskland, mens andre genstande må være fremstillet herhjemme.
The ornamentation on some of the axes tells us that they were produced in the British Isles and in central Germany, but other objects must have been made in Denmark.
Vogndelene er unikke, og vi kender ikke deres produktionssted.
The chariot parts are unique, and we do not know where they were produced.
De nærmeste paralleller skal findes i Tut Ankh Amons grav i Egypten og på afbildninger af hestetrukne køretøjer på græske vaser.
The closest parallels are to be found in Tutankhamun’s tomb in Egypt and in depictions of horse-drawn vehicles on Greek vases.
Hesten blev ikke brugt som trækdyr foran ploven som okserne.
The horse was not used as a draught animal in front of the plough like oxen.
Det ædle dyr var forbeholdt vognkørsel og religiøse ritualer.
The noble beast was reserved for chariot riding and religious rituals.
På helleristninger fra Sverige og Norge ses den lette tohjulede vogn afbildet - formentlig brugt i processioner.
On rock carvings from Sweden and Norway we see the light two-wheeled chariot depicted – presumably being used in processions.
Kendskabet til den tohjulede vogn med fire eger nåede til Norden fra Middelhavsområdet.
Knowledge of the two-wheeled chariot with four spokes reached the north from the Mediterranean area.
På gravsten over konger i Mykene i Grækenland køres der med den tohjulede vogn.
On tombstones of kings in Mycenae in Greece two-wheeled chariots are being driven.
Nogle bronzegenstande fra Gallemose kan være dele af åg, der sad langt fremme på vognstangen.
Some bronze objects from Gallemose may be parts of yokes that were placed far forward on the chariot shaft.
Tømmerne kunne løbe igennem deres kroge.
The reins could run through their hooks.
I alt blev ni såkaldte randlisteøkser fundet.
A total of nine so-called low-flanged axes was found.
Æggen på en af økserne er skeformet; det tyder på, at den er fremstillet i det centraleuropæiske område.
This suggests that it was made in the central European area.
En anden økse er dekoreret med et ”regnmønster”, der henfører den til de britiske øer.
Another axe is decorated with a ‘rain pattern’ that relates it to the British Isles.
Bestemmelsen af øksernes produktionssted understøttes desuden af kemiske analyser af metallets sammensætning.
The identification of the place of production for the axes is also supported by chemical analyses of the composition of the metal.
De resterende økser er formentlig produceret af sydskandinaviske håndværkere, og de afspejler den allertidligste metalproduktion herhjemme.
The remaining axes were probably produced by southern Scandinavian craftsmen and reflect the very earliest metal production in these parts.
Økserne stammer altså forskellige steder fra.
The axes therefore come from different places.
Sammen med vogndelene er de gode eksempler på, hvor omfattende kontakterne var til områder uden for Danmark.
Along with the chariot parts they are good examples of the extensive contacts with areas beyond Denmark at the end of the Stone Age.
I gravhøjene blev der værnet om den døde person, både ved graven selv og ved den måde, hvorpå man gjorde højen synlig.
In the barrow the deceased was protected, both by the grave itself and the way in which the barrow was made visible.
Højene sikrede samtidig erindringen om de døde i kommende generationer.
At the same time the burial mounds ensured that the memory of the dead would be preserved for coming generations.
Igennem hele bronzealderen blev højene brugt igen og igen til begravelser.
Throughout the Bronze Age the barrows were used again and again for burials.
Den enkelte høj eller gruppe af høje kom til at udgøre en gravplads, som man i århundreder vendte tilbage til.
The individual barrow or group of barrows came to constitute a burial site to which people returned for centuries.
Højen blev bygget af græstørv, som blev lagt med græssiden nedad.
The mound was constructed of turf laid with the grassy side down.
Når højen stod færdig, blev der opført et gærde af sten om dens fod.
Once the mound was finished a wall of stones was erected around its base.
I det indre af den vandmættede høj foregik der en kemisk proces.
Inside the waterlogged mound a chemical process took place.
Efter kort tid blev der dannet et jernholdigt lag, som forseglede højens kerne.
After a while a ferrous layer was formed that sealed the core of the mound.
I det våde, iltfattige miljø skete der ingen forrådnelse.
In the wet and oxygen-poor environment there was no decomposition.
De døde og deres dragter blev på den måde bevaret til i dag.
The dead and their clothing have thus been preserved until today.
Den fredede gravhøj Skelhøj nær Ribe blev totaludgravet fra 2002 til 2004.
The protected burial mound Skelhøj near Ribe was excavated in 2002 to 2004.
Højen var 30 meter i diameter og 5 meter høj, og et af projektets formål var at få indsigt i gravhøjens konstruktion.
The diameter of the mound was 30 metres and the height five metres.
De små mandskabsstreger på skibet kan være de dødes sjæle, som ror solskibet fremad.
The small strokes representing the ship's crew could be the souls of the dead rowing the sun ship.
Livet efter døden
Life after death
I egekisterne ligger bronzealderens mennesker.
The Bronze Age people lie in their oak coffins.
Men hvad troede man, at der skete med den dødes sjæl?
But what did people think happened to the soul of the deceased?
Sandsynligvis har man forestillet sig, at sjælen fulgte solen rundt på dens rejse over himlen om dagen og gennem underverdenen om natten.
They probably imagined that the soul followed the sun around on its journey across the sky and through the underworld by night.
Hver morgen blev sjælen genfødt sammen med solen.
Each morning the soul was reborn along with the sun.
Måske tænkte man sig, at nogle af de døde fik det ærefulde og guddommelige hverv at være en del af mandskabet på Solskibet.
Perhaps it was thought that some of the dead were given an honourable, sacred role as part of the crew of the Sun Ship.
På den måde var de døde med til at sikre, at solen bevægede sig på sin evige færd.
In this way the dead helped to ensure that the sun moved along on its eternal journey.
Liget og gravgaverne er nænsomt arrangeret, og en høj er bygget over dem.
The body and the grave goods are arranged with great consideration and a mound has been built over them.
Men det hænder, at reglerne for denne dødeomsorg blev brudt.
But the rules for this care of the dead were sometimes broken.
Der kendes eksempler på, at gravrøvere har gravet sig ned i højene og er brudt ind i kisterne.
We know of cases where grave robbers dug their way into the barrows and broke into the coffins, removing any of the grave goods they could get their hands on.
Oldtidens gravrøverier kunne være simple tyverier, men en anden mulighed kunne være, at røverne ville ødelægge den dødes sjæl og status eller måske hans eller hendes færden i dødsriget.
Another possibility, however, is that the robbers wanted to destroy the soul and status of the dead or perhaps stop his or her journey to the kingdom of the dead.
Det kunne man gøre ved at fjerne gravgaver og skænde graven.
This could be done by removing grave goods and desecrating the grave.
Også kisten fra Guldhøj ved Vamdrup er blevet plyndret i oldtiden.
The coffin from Guldhøj, near Vamdrup was also plundered in the prehistoric period.