natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I 1755 blev kolonien Appat anlagt nord for Jakobshavn.
The colony Ritenbenk (now Appat) was established north of Jakobshavn in 1755.
På den tid levede man i efterdønningerne af den store hvalfangertid, hvor spæk blev forarbejdet til tran som blev brugt i Europas lamper.
This was towards the end of the great whaling period, when blubber was rendered into whale oil, and provided the fuel to light the lamps of Europe.
Men hvalerne var ved at være udryddede i Ilulissat området, og hvalfangstanlægget blev nedlagt i 1800.
However, whales were close to extermination in the area and the whaling installations at Jakobshavn closed down in 1800.
Bedre blev det ikke, da Englandskrigen i 1807-1814 begrænsede forsyningerne fra Danmark, hvilket førte til stor nød.
During the Napoleonic Wars supplies from Denmark were limited, and the time from 1807 to 1814 in particular was a period of great hardship.
I Ilulissat blev fangerne blandt andet nødt til at omsmelte bly fra Zionskirkens tag og ruder til geværkugler.
In Jakobshavn, the hunters were forced to re-melt the lead from the roof and windows of the Zion Church in order to make rifle bullets.
Samtidig overtog englænderne hollændernes rolle som ulovlige hvalfangere og købmænd, og blev dermed konkurrenter til den danske handel i Grønland.
At the same time the British took over the Dutch role of illegal whaling and trading, and thus became competitors to the Danish trade monopoly in Greenland.
Opgang, tran og uddannelse (1830-1850)
Recovery, whale oil and education (1830-1850)
1830'erne var præget af samtidens tanker om fri handel og fri konkurrence samt en begyndende industrialisering.
The 1830s were characterised by contemporary thoughts of free trade and free competition as well as the start of industrialisation.
Det blev opgangstider, hvor produktionen blev forbedret, og flere og flere flyttede til Jakobshavn fra de omkringliggende bopladser.
It became a time of recovery, when production was improved, and increasing numbers of people moved to Jakobshavn from the surrounding settlements.
Derfor blev udstedet Paakitsoq nord for Ilulissat grundlagt i 1832, men Paakitsoq fik aldrig den store betydning.
To encourage the wider distribution of hunting, the trading station Paakitsoq was established north of Ilulissat in 1832, although Paakitsoq never had any great importance.
De gode tider fortsatte, og i 1840'erne kunne Ilulissat bryste sig af at have den tredjestørste spækproduktion i regionen.
The good times continued, and in the 1840s Jakobshavn could boast of having the third-largest production of blubber in the region.
Den store indhandling af sæler havde dog en slagside; i iveren efter at kunne købe nye, billige varer, solgte grønlænderne langt flere skind og mere spæk, end de kunne undvære.
The large trade of seals had, however, a negative aspect: in their eagerness to buy new, cheap goods, the Greenlanders sold far more seal skins and blubber than they needed to maintain their means of existence.
Resultatet blev tomme vinterforråd, sult og mangel på tøj, telte og både.
The result was empty winter larders, hunger and a lack of clothing, tents and boats.
Et eksempel ses fra indhandlingen i Ilulissat i 1844: Af 809 fangne sæler blev skindene fra 798 af sælerne solgt til handlen.
The trade records for Jakobshavn in 1844 show that of 809 seals caught, the skins from 798 were sold.
De 300 mennesker i kolonien havde kun 11 skind tilbage.
The 300 people in the colony thus had only 11 skins left for their own use.
I 1848 blev seminariet i Ilulissat opført og var sammen med seminariet i Nuuk de første højere uddannelsesinstitutioner i Grønland.
In 1848 the training college at Jakobshavn was built and, together with the college at Godthåb (now Nuuk), these were the first higher education establishments in Greenland.
De kateketer, som blev uddannet på seminarierne, skabte en kulturel opblomstring, som gav grønlænderne en særstilling i forhold til inuit befolkningerne andre steder i Arktis.
The catechists trained at the colleges created a cultural advance that gave the Greenlanders a special position in relation to the Inuit populations elsewhere in the Arctic.
Sermermiuts fraflytning og tuberkuloseepidemi (1850-1890)
The exodus from Sermermiut and the tuberculosis epidemic (1850-1890)
Med tiden fik befolkningens store frasalg af livsnødvendigt skind og spæk alvorlige konsekvenser.
The excessive sale of skins and blubber vital to their way of life had serious consequences for the inhabitants of Sermermiut.
Som et nyt forsøg på at trække folk væk fra Jakobshavn, oprettede man med held udstedet Ataa i 1852.
In a new attempt at attracting people away from Jakobshavn, the trading station Ataa, north of Jakobshavn, was created successfully in 1852.
Et spækhus blev bygget, og der blev indhandlet spæk og hajlever.
A blubber house was built and trade in blubber and shark livers was started.
I 1939 boede stadig 35 personer på stedet.
In 1939, 35 people still lived there, but it has now been abandoned.
Kolonien og udstederne blev til stadighed besejlet af skibe fra udlandet, og desværre førte skibstrafikken andet og mere end handelsvarer med sig.
Foreign ships called regularly at the colony and the trading stations and, unfortunately, the shipping traffic brought more than commodities.
I 1867 rasede et udbrud af tuberkulose i Ilulissat, og en tredjedel af befolkningen måtte bæres til kirkegården.
In 1867 there was an outbreak of tuberculosis in Jakobshavn, and a third of the population were carried to the cemetery.
Så store tab gik naturligvis ud over produktionen, og det var svært at holde det lille samfund i gang.
Such large losses naturally affected fishing and hunting, and it was difficult to keep the small community running.
Kirkegården i Ilulissat.
Churchyard in Ilulissat.
Senere skrev Matthias Storch den første grønlandske roman og var særdeles aktiv inden for politik og samfundsdebat.
Mathias Storch later wrote the first Greenlandic novel and was particularly active in politics and social debate.
Hellefisk til eksport (1890-1930)
Halibut for export (1890-1930)
I 1890'erne var fiskeri efter hellefisk og grønlandshaj hovedbeskæftigelsen for befolkningen i Ilulissat og de nærliggende udsteder.
By the 1890s, fishing for Greenland halibut and the Greenland shark had become the main occupation of the population of Jabobshavn and the nearby trading stations.
Grønlandshaj var en vigtig indtægtskilde, fordi leveren blev solgt til Den Kgl. grønlandske Handel (KGH), mens hellefisk kun blev spist og handlet lokalt i den uformelle økonomi.
The Greenland shark was an important source of income, as its liver was sold to The Royal Greenland Trading Company (KGH), while halibut was then only eaten and traded locally.
Det er værd at bemærke, at befolkningen ved isfjorden allerede var fiskere på en tid, hvor resten af Grønlands befolkning hovedsageligt var afhængige af havpattedyr til indtægt og føde.
It is worth noting that the communities around the icefjord became skilled fishermen while the rest of Greenland's population primarily depended on catching marine mammals for income and food.
To fiskere på havisen i fjorden.
Two fishermen on the sea ice.
På hundeslæden ligger der nogle hellefisk.
Halibuts are stored on the dog sledge.
(Foto: Dieter Zillmann/Elke Meissner)
(Photo: Dieter Zillmann/Elke Meissner)
Omkring 1900 fik hellefisken en ny betydning i den lokale økonomi.
Halibut acquired new significance for the local economy about 1900.
Kolonibestyrerne begyndte at eksportere nogle få hundrede kilogram fileter til deres venner og familier i Danmark, hvilket de havde lov til, fordi hellefisk ikke var omfattet af KGH's monopol.
The colony managers, or ‘factors', had started to export a few hundred kilograms of halibut fillets to their friends and families in Denmark, which they were allowed to do as halibut was not covered by the KGH monopoly.
Den private eksport steg markant, da Poul Müller, der var kolonibestyrer i Ilulissat fra 1892 til 1901, etablerede kontakt med røgerier i København.
The private export grew markedly after Poul Müller, the colony manager at Jakobshavn from 1892 to 1901, established contact with smokehouses in Copenhagen.
På hans initiativ toppede landingerne af hellefisk i Ilulissat med mere end 22 tons i 1899.
Following his initiative, the landings of halibut in Jakobshavn increased to more than 22 tons in 1899.
På det tidspunkt indførte KGH strenge restriktioner for den private eksport af hellefisk og overtog ganske handelen i 1903.
Then KGH imposed strict restrictions on the private export of halibut, and actually took over the trade in 1903.
I de første år under KGH's monopol blev mindre end to tons eksporteret, men eksporten voksede hurtigt igen, og siden da har eksporten af hellefisk været afgørende for Ilulissats økonomi.
Less than two tons were exported in the early years under the KGH monopoly, but the export grew quickly again, and halibut exports have since become vital for the economy of Jakobshavn (now Ilulissat).
Hellefiskeriet fik yderligere fremgang i slutningen af 1920'erne, da Marius Sivertsen opfandt en såkaldt glider, der revolutionerede langlinefiskeriet på isfjorden.
Halibut fishing saw further advances at the end of the 1920s, when Marius Sivertsen invented a so-called ‘glider' that revolutionised long line fishing at the icefjord.
Myndighederne måtte skrinlægge det hidtidige ønske om at sprede befolkningen, fordi det nye hovederhverv krævede, at fiskerne blev koncentreret, hvor der var fisk og forarbejdningsmuligheder.
The authorities had to reverse the decision to spread the population to encourage hunting, since the new developing main trade required a concentration of the fishermen where there were fish and fish processing possibilities.
Samtidig betød fiskeriet, at befolkningen i langt højere grad gik over til pengeøkonomi, da fisk ikke giver samme mulighed for selvforsyning som sælfangst.
At the same time, the concentration on fishing meant that the population changed from barter to a money economy, as fish do not give the same possibility for self-sufficiency as sealing.
Perioden var driftig, hvad angik nybyggeri og igangsætning.
The period was an active one for new construction and enterprise.
I 1924 blev kulminen Qullissat åbnet på Disko øen, og minen blev en stor arbejdsplads, der tiltrak arbejdskraft fra hele området omkring Disko Bugt.
In 1924, the coal mine Qullissat was opened on Disko island, and the mine became a major employer that attracted labour from the whole of the Disko Bugt region.
I Ilulissat blev den tidligste del af det nuværende sygehus opført i 1926, og man besluttede at flytte Zionskirken 50 meter væk fra havet i 1929-1932, formodentlig for at undgå havets påvirkning.
The first part of the present hospital in Ilulissat was built in 1926, and it was decided to move the Zion Church 50 m away from the sea in 1929-1932, presumably to avoid influence from the sea.
Gennem historien har isfjordens rige økosystem gjort det muligt for en relativt stor befolkning at leve ved fjorden.
Throughout history, the rich eco-system of the icefjord has made it possible for a rela­ti­vely large population to live by the fjord.
Alle kulturerne på stedet har uden tvivl fanget hellefisk, men trods de talrige arkæologiske udgravninger omkring Disko Bugt, er der ikke blevet fundet en eneste knogle af fisken.
All of the Palaeo-Eskimo cultures that settled here have doubtless caught halibut, but despite numerous archaeological excavations around Disko Bugt not a single bone of the fish has been found.
Det kan skyldes, at hellefiskens knogler muligvis bevares dårligere end andre fiskeknogler, fordi de er fedtrige og bruskagtige.
This may be because halibut bones have a poor preservation potential compared to other fish bones, as they are rich in fat and are more cartilage than bone.
Den tidligste skriftlige dokumentation af fiskeri efter hellefisk i Kangia er fra februar 1739 og stammer fra Poul Egedes dagbog.
The earliest written documentation of fishing for halibut in Kangia is from February 1739, and comes from Poul Egede's diary.
Da han rejste mellem Qasigiannguit og Sermermiut, mødte han fiskere på fjordisen ved mundingen af Kangia, som fiskede med liner af hvalbarde.
When he travelled between Qasigiannguit and Sermermiut he met fishermen on the fjord ice at the mouth of Kangia who fished with lines of baleen.
Poul Egede målte en line, som viste sig at være ikke mindre end 684 meter lang.
Poul Egede measured a line, which was no less than 684 metres long.
Under perioder med hungersnød omkring Disko Bugt levede en stor del af befolkningen i hele området af hellefisk fra isfjorden, og mange kom rejsende langvejs fra for at fiske.
During hard winters, when famine threatened, a large part of the population living in the Disko Bugt region would make long journeys to the icefjord to fish for halibut.
Inspektør B.J. Schultz fra Qeqertarsuaq beskrev situationen i den hårde vinter i 1792-1793.
B.J. Schultz, the colonial inspector of Qeqertarsuaq, described the situation in the hard winter of 1792-1793.
Sultende inuit, der manglede hunde, vandrede de 150-225 kilometer fra Qeqertarsuaq og Aasiaat over havisen til Kangia for at nå frem til fiskepladserne for hellefisk.
Hungry Greenlanders, who lacked dogs, walked the 150-225 km from Qeqertarssuaq and Aasiaat over the sea ice to Kangia to reach the halibut fishing grounds.
Lignende vandringer er også registreret i senere perioder med hungersnød.
Similar journeys were also recorded during later periods of famine.
Bemærk især glideren.
(Drawing: Jens Rosing)
Allerede i sommeren 1939 blev der sendt ekstra forsyninger til Grønland, da man i Danmark havde anet krigens komme.
Denmark had anticipated the Second World War was coming, and extra supplies were sent to Greenland as early as the summer of 1939.
Da Anden Verdenskrig brød ud, blev det hurtigt klart, at Grønland ikke kunne undvære støtte fra udlandet.
When the war broke out, it soon became clear that Greenland could not do without support from abroad.
Derfor blev der knyttet en direkte diplomatisk forbindelse til USA, som overtog ansvaret for forsyningerne til Grønland.
A direct diplomatic connection was therefore negotiated with the USA, which took over the responsibility for supplying Greenland with necessities.
Krigen blev af stor betydning for Grønland, som oplevede perioden som en generel opgangstid.
The war had great importance for Greenland, which experienced the period as a time of prosperity.
Samtidig blev skellet mellem omverdenen og Grønland brudt ned, da amerikanerne overvandt naturkræfterne, anlagde baser og introducerede moderne forbrugsgoder.
At the same time the disparity between Greenland and the outside world became obvious as the Americans overcame the problems of the arctic environment to build military bases, and introduced modern consumer goods.
Efter krigen blæste der nye vinde.
After the war there came a time of change.
Nyordningen søgte at koncentrere befolkningen geografisk, så fiskeriet kunne intensiveres.
One aspect of ‘the reform' aimed at concentrating the population geographically, so that fishing could be intensified.
Samtidig skulle hele den grønlandske boligmasse fornyes, og døren blev åbnet på klem for det private, frie initiativ, dog stadig under statskontrol.
At the same time it was decided that the traditional primitive houses in which most of the Greenlanders lived would be replaced by modern houses, and the door was opened for private initiative, although still under state control.
Nyordningen blev tændsatsen for den største teknologiske udvikling, Grønland nogensinde havde set, og ti år senere var byerne ikke til at kende.
‘Nyordningen' was the trigger for the greatest technological development Greenland has ever seen, and ten years later the country was almost unrecognisable.
En effektiv infrastruktur, utallige nyanlæg og moderne faciliteter var med stor hast blevet til virkelighed.
An effective infrastructure, numerous new installations and mod-ern facilities were turned into reality at great speed.
Nyordningen vakte et håb i befolkningen om lighed mellem Grønland og Danmark, men håbet blev ikke indfriet på trods af de store fremskridt, dels fordi Danmark i samme periode oplevede en endnu større udvikling, dels fordi der til stadighed var dårligere aflønning af grønlandsk arbejdskraft.
The reform awoke hopes in the community for equality between Greenland and Denmark, but those hopes were not realised despite the great progress - partly because Denmark in the same period went through an larger development, an partly because there were great differences in pay conditions between Denmark and Greenland.
I tiden efter krigen kom store mængder torsk til Disko Bugt, og torskefiskeriet satte yderligere gang i væksten i Ilulissat.
The influx of large numbers of cod to West Greenland in the period after the war led to development of the cod fishery.
Fiskefabrikken i Ilulissat.
Fish factory in Ilulissat.
Rejeeventyr, befolkningseksplosion og turisme (1960-2000)
Shrimp bonanza, population explosion and tourism (1960-2000)
Torskeeventyret varede ikke længe.
The cod eldorado did not last long.
Allerede i 1960'erne skete der en generel nedgang i torskebestanden langs Grønlands vestkyst, men til alt held havde man allerede fundet et nyt og endnu mere indbringende fiskeri - enorme forekomster af rejer.
There was a general reduction in cod stocks along the coast of West Greenland in the 1960s, but, very fortunately, a new and even more profitable catch had been discovered - enormous stocks of shrimps.
I Ilulissat omstillede folk sig hurtigt, de nødvendige produktionsanlæg blev anlagt, og det nye erhverv tiltrak mange tilflyttere fra bygderne.
In Ilulissat people adapted quickly, the necessary production installations were established and the new business attracted many migrants from the outlying villages.
Den voldsomme økonomiske udvikling af fiskeriet, centraliseringen og de forbedrede levevilkår resulterede i noget nær en befolkningseksplosion, som blev yderligere forstærket, da man i midten af 1970' erne begyndte at tilkalde store mængder arbejdskraft fra Danmark.
The intense economic development of the fishing industry, the centralisation and the improved living conditions resulted in something close to a population explosion, which was further strengthened when, in the middle of the 1970s, large numbers of workers from Denmark were recruited to Greenland.
Mange af Ilulissats moderne faciliteter stammer fra den tid.
Many of the modern facilities in Ilulissat date from that time.
Byens to store folkeskoler er fra 1974 og 1977, Hotel Hvide Falk er fra 1971 og sportshallen fra 1976.
The town's two large schools were established in 1974 and 1977, the Hotel Hvide Falk is from 1971 and the sports hall was added in 1976.
Mange flyttede til Ilulissat, og en stor del af dem blev indkvarteret i den nye bydel 'Lille Qullissat' - i dag Mathias Storchsvej.
The new area of the town where they were housed acquired the name ‘Little Qullissat'; this area was close to the present road known as Mathias Storchsvej.
Ordningen betød øget ansvar for selvforvaltning og samfundsanliggender.
Home rule means increased responsibility in terms of self-administration and public matters.
Danmark yder fortsat et økonomisk tilskud af samme størrelsesorden som før Hjemmestyrets indførelse, det såkaldte bloktilskud.
However, Denmark continues to provide Greenland with substantial economic subsidies via the so-called block grants, which are of the same size as before the introduction of home rule.
På årsplan kommer der godt 10.000 turister til byen.
Annually Ilulissat has more than 10,000 tourists.
Turister på slædetur i området.
Tourists on dog sledges.
Lufthavnen ved Ilulissat blev indviet i 1984.
The airport in Ilulissat opened in 1984.
(Foto: Ivar Silis)
(Photo: Ivar Silis)
For at beskrive petroleumssystemer sammenstiller man geologiske modeller.
To describe petroleum systems, you compile and set up geological models.
Heri kan indgå rekonstruktion af den termiske udvikling af potentielle kildebjergarter for at undersøge om de nødvendige forudsætninger er tilstede for, at et givent området kan indeholde kulbrinter - baseret på især valg af kinetiske modeller og heat-flow historie.
This may include reconstruction of the thermal development of potential source rocks in order to investigate whether the necessary conditions exist for a given area to contain hydrocarbons - based in particular on the choice of kinetic models and the inferred heat flow history.
Det endelige mål er at opstille en række mulige scenarier for migration af kulbrinter i udvalgte områder.
The ultimate goal is to establish a number of possible scenarios for migration of hydrocarbons in selected areas.
GEUS har siden 2011 været projektleder for tre store industrielle multiklient-projekter; The Jurassic Petroleum System in the Danish Central Graben (PETSYS) , The Cretaceous Petroleum System in the Danish Central Graben (CRETSYS) , The Cenozoic Petroleum Potential in the Danish Central Graben (CENSYS) , som har haft til mål at sammenstille, dokumentere og kortlægge alle relevante data og oplysninger i den danske del af Nordsøen.
Since 2011, GEUS has been the project leader for three major industrial multi-client projects; The Jurassic Petroleum System in the Danish Central Graben (PETSYS) , The Cretaceous Petroleum System in the Danish Central Graben (CRETSYS) , The Cenozoic Petroleum Potential in the Danish Central Graben (CENSYS) , which has aimed at compiling, documenting and mapping all relevant data and information in the Danish part of the North Sea.
Projekterne har fokuseret på tre stratigrafiske perioder Jura, Kridt og Tertiær og softwaresystemer som Petrel©, Decision Space© og ArcMAP© har været brugt til denne sammenstilling.
The projects have focused on three stratigraphic periods Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary and both software systems such as Petrel©, Decision Space© and ArcMAP© have been used for this compilation.
Resultaterne fra de tre projekter er integreret i GIS databaser og på en række webportaler, som er tilgængelige for de deltagende industrielle partnere.
The results from the three projects are integrated into GIS databases and on a number of Web portals available to participating industry partners.
De tre projekter indeholder:
General description of the three projects:
Beskrivelse af den tektoniske og geologiske udvikling af den danske del af Nordsø Bassinet siden Jura og relateret den tektoniske udvikling til pladetektoniske processer
Describes the tectonic and geological development of the Danish part of the North Sea Bassinet since Jurassic and related the tectonic development to plate-tectonic processes
Beskrivelse af den regionale udbredelse af forskellige stratigrafiske intervaller og deres lithologiske karakteristika gennem Jura, Kridt og Tertiær
Describes the regional dissemination of different stratigraphic intervals and their lithological characteristics through Jurassic,Cretaceous and Tertiary
Petrofysisk log analyse og tolkning (dvs. CPI plots, reservoir parametrisering, 'cuttings' analyser og evaluering af kulbrinteindikationer)
Contains petrophysical log analysis and interpretation (i.e. CPI plots, reservoir parameterization, cuttings analysis, and evaluation of hydrocarbon indications)
Grundige stratigrafi-studier (i.e. sammenstilling af sekvens-, litho- og biostratigrafi og aflejringsmiljø) sammenstillet bl.
Basic stratigraphic studies (i.e., sequence-, litho- and biostratigraphy and deposition environments) compiled into e.g. a number of palaeoographical maps
a. i form af en række palæogeografiske kort
Contains analysis of the subsidence history
Video og animationer
Portrait of the ice at Ilulissat
Tegn på tidligere fremstød og tilbagetrækninger af Indlandsisens rand er vidt udbredte i området ved Ilulissat Isfjord.
Signs of earlier advances and retreats of the Inland Ice margin are widespread in the Ilulissat Icefjord area.
Den kølige periode kulminerede i den Lille Istid for 500-100 år siden, da isranden nåede sit seneste maksimum.
The cool period culminated in the Little Ice Age 500-100 years ago, when the ice margin reached its most recent maximum.
Udvidelsen fandt sted i bølger, hvor hver bølge udvidede det isdækkede område.
The expansion occurred in a series of waves, each pulse resulting in an increase in the area covered by ice.