natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ganske vist kan akademisk og erhvervsmæssig anerkendelse som ligestillet af et eksamensbevis, der er erhvervet i den første medlemsstat, være relevant og endog afgørende for beskikkelsen i en anden medlemsstat.
It is true that the recognition, for academic and civil purposes, of the equivalence of a diploma obtained in one Member State may be relevant, and even decisive, for enrolment with the bar of another Member State.
Heraf følger imidlertid ikke, at det med henblik på den prøvelse, som den kompetente myndighed i værtslandet under omstændigheder som de i hovedsagen foreliggende skal foretage, er nødvendigt at efterprøve, om det eksamensbevis, som vedkommende påberåber sig, akademisk set er på samme niveau som det eksamensbevis, der normalt kræves af denne stats borgere.
It does not follow, however, that, for the purposes of the comparative examination which the competent authority of the host Member State must undertake in circumstances such as those in the main proceedings, it is necessary to examine the academic equivalence of the diploma relied upon by the person concerned in relation to the diploma normally required of nationals of that State.
Hensyntagen til vedkommendes eksamensbevis, såsom den maîtrise en droit, der er udstedt af et fransk universitet, skal således foretages i forbindelse med vurderingen af hele den akademiske og erhvervsmæssige uddannelse, som vedkommende kan henvise til.
The taking into account of the diploma of the person concerned, such as the maîtrise en droit granted by a French university, must therefore be carried out in the context of the assessment of the whole of the training, academic and professional, which that person is able to demonstrate.
Heraf følger, at det tilkommer de kompetente myndigheder at efterprøve, om og i hvilket omfang de kundskaber, der er dokumenteret ved et eksamensbevis, der er udstedt i en anden medlemsstat, og de kvalifikationer og den erhvervserfaring, der er opnået i denne, samt den erfaring, der er opnået i den medlemsstat, hvor kandidaten ønsker optagelse, skal anses for, om end kun delvis, at opfylde betingelserne for adgangen til at udøve den pågældende virksomhed.
It is therefore the duty of the competent authority to examine whether, and to what extent, the knowledge certified by the diploma granted in another Member State and the qualifications or professional experience obtained there, together with the experience obtained in the Member State in which the candidate seeks enrolment, must be regarded as satisfying, even partially, the conditions required for access to the activity concerned.
»Fællesskabsretten er til hinder for, at myndighederne i en medlemsstat afslår at optage en person, der er i besiddelse af en juridisk kandidateksamen fra en anden medlemsstat, på listen over advokatfuldmægtige, alene med den begrundelse, at den juridiske kandidateksamen ikke er fra, bekræftet af eller anerkendt som ligestillet af et universitet i den første medlemsstat.·
'Community law precludes the authorities of a Member State from refusing to enrol the holder of a legal diploma obtained in another Member State in the register of persons undertaking the necessary period of practice for admission to the bar solely on the ground that it is not a legal diploma issued, confirmed or recognised as equivalent by a university of the first State.'
Generaladvokat Stix-Hackl fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet fFemte Afdelingl den 20. marts 2003.
Advocate General Stix-Hackl delivered her Opinion at the sitting of the Fifth Chamber on 20 March 2003.
Præjudiciel »Fri udveksling af tjenesteydelser — lotterisedler — beløb vundet i et lotteri, der afholdes i en anden medlemsstat — indkomstskat — lotteriafgift — særordning for Ålandsøerne· (Femte Afdeling)
Preliminary ruling (Freedom to provide services — Lottery tickets — Amount won in a game of chance held in another Member State — Income tax — Tax on games of chance — Special regime in the Aland Islands) (Fifth Chamber)
Ved kendelse af 5. februar 2002 har Ålands förvaltningsdomstol forelagt et præjudicielt spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af artikel 49 EF.
By order of 5 February 2002 the Alands förvaltningsdomstolen (Administrative Court, Aland) referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling a question on the interpretation of Article 49 EC.
Diana Elisabeth Lindman, der er finsk statsborger, har bopæl i Saltvik kommune, der ligger på Ålandsøerne (Finland).
Ms Lindman, a Finnish national, resides in the commune of Saltvik, in the Aland Islands (Finland).
Den 7. januar 1998 vandt hun 1 000 000 SEK ved lotteritrækningen i selskabet AB Svenska Spel, der fandt sted i Stockholm (Sverige).
On 7 January 1998, she won SEK 1 000 000 as a result of a lottery draw by the company AB Svenska Spel, which took place in Stockholm (Sweden).
Hun havde købt sin vinderseddel under et ophold i Sverige.
She had bought her winning ticket during a stay in Sweden.
Lotterigevinsten blev ved skatteansættelsen for 1998 anset for skattepligtig personlig indkomst, og der blev af gevinsten beregnet statsskat til den finske stat, kommuneskat til Saltvik Kommune, kirkeskat til sognet samt en sygeforsikringspræmie, som betales i henhold til sjukförsäkringslagen.
That lottery win was regarded as earned income chargeable to income tax for the year 1998 and was assessed to national tax payable to the Finnish State, to local tax payable to the municipality of Saltvik, to church tax for the benefit of the parish and to an additional sickness insurance premium levied under the sjukförsäkringslagen (Sickness insurance law).
Diana Elisabeth Lindman indgav en klage til Ålands skatteankenævn med krav om, at skatteansættelsen ændredes. Den 22. maj 2000 blev klagen afvist med den begrundelse, at indkomstskattelagens § 85 ikke var til hinder for beskatning af udenlandske lotterigevinster i Finland.
Ms Lindman appealed to the skatterättelsenämnden of Aland, to obtain rectification of the assessment against her.
lotterigevinster fra lotterier, der afholdes i den pågældende medlemsstat, er skattefrie i forbindelse med indkomstbeskatningen?«
'Does Article 49 EC preclude a Member State from applying rules under which winnings from lotteries held in other Member States are regarded as taxable income of the winner chargeable to income tax, whereas winnings from lotteries held in the Member State in question are exempt from tax?'
I hovedsagen står det fast, at udenlandske lotterier beskattes anderledes end finske lotterier og befinder sig i en ufordelagtig situation i forhold til disse.
It is clear, in the main proceedings, that foreign lotteries are treated differently for tax purposes from, and are in a disadvantageous position compared to, Finnish lotteries.
I henhold til lotteriskattelagen er det således kun gevinster fra lotterier, der ikke er godkendt i Finland, der anses for skattepligtig indkomst, hvorimod gevinster fra lotterier, der afholdes i denne medlemsstat, ikke er skattepligtig indkomst.
Under the lotteriskattelagen, only winnings from games of chance which are not licensed in Finland are regarded as taxable income, whereas winnings from games of chance organised in that Member State are not taxable income.
Den finske regering har endvidere erkendt, at det forhold, at der findes en sådan lovgivning, medfører, at en finsk skattepligtig vil foretrække at deltage i et lotteri, der afholdes i Finland, frem for i et lotteri, der finder sted i en anden medlemsstat.
The Finnish Government has also admitted that the existence of such legislation means that Finnish taxpayers prefer to participate in a lottery organised in Finland rather than a lottery taking place in another Member State.
Det forhold, at udbydere af spil med hjemsted i Finland pålægges en afgift som arrangører af pengespil, medfører ikke, at den finske lovgivning mister sin åbenbart diskriminerende karakter, idet den nævnte afgift ikke svarer til den indkomstskat, der pålægges gevinster fra en skattepligtigs deltagelse i et lotteri, der afholdes i en anden medlemsstat.
The fact that gaming providers established in Finland are subject to tax as organisers of gambling does not rid the Finnish legislation of its manifestly discriminatory character, since that tax is not analogous to the income tax charged on winnings from taxpayers' participation in lotteries held in other Member States.
»Artikel 49 EF er til hinder for en lovgivning i en medlemsstat, hvorefter gevinster fra lotterier, der afholdes i andre medlemsstater, anses for skattepligtig indkomst for vinderen ved skatteansættelsen, hvorimod gevinster fra lotterier, der afholdes i den pågældende medlemsstat, er skattefrie.·
'Article 49 EC prohibits a Member State's legislation under which winnings from games of chance organised in other Member States are treated as income of the winner chargeable to income tax, whereas winnings from games of chance conducted in the Member State in question are not taxable.'
Generaladvokat Stix-Hackl fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Femte Afdeling) den 10. april 2003.
Advocate General Stix-Hackl delivered her Opinion at the sitting of the Fifth Chamber on 10 April 2003.
Præjudiciel »Etableringsret — anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser — eksamensbevis, der udstedes af et universitet etableret i en medlemsstat — undervisning med henblik på erhvervelse af eksamensbeviset, der gives i en anden medlemsstat og af en anden uddannelsesinstitution·
Preliminary ruling (Freedom of establishment — Recognition of diplomas - Degree issued by a university established in a Member State — Courses of study in preparation for a degree awarded in another Member State and by another educational establishment) (Fifth Chamber)
Ved kendelse af 18. april 2002 har Giudice di pace di Genova forelagt tre præjudicielle spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af artikel 39 EF, 43 EF, og 49 EF, af Rådets afgørelse 63/266/EØF af 2. april 1963 og af Rådets direktiv 89/48/EØF af 21. december 1988.
By order of 18 April 2002 the Giudice di pace (Magistrate's Court), Genoa, referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling three questions on the interpretation of Articles 39 EC, 43 EC and 49 EC, of Council Decision 63/266/EEC of 2 April 1963 and of Council Directive 89/48/EEC of 21 December 1988.
Valentina Neri indskrev sig på Nottingham Trent University (herefter »NTU«) med henblik på efter et fireårigt studieforløb at erhverve et eksamensbevis i politisk videnskab på den internationale linje (Bachelor of Arts with Honours in International Political Studies).
Ms Neri enrolled at Nottingham Trent University ('NTU') with a view to acquiring a BA Honours degree in International Political Studies on completion of a four-year course of studies.
NTU er et universitet underlagt Det Forenede Kongeriges lovgivning, ligesom det befinder sig på listen over organer med beføjelse til, ved afslutningen af fireårige studier, at udstede akademiske studiebeviser (Bachelor of Arts with honours) med retlig gyldighed.
NTU is a university subject to United Kingdom legislation and is included in the list of bodies authorised to award, on completion of a four-year course of studies, BA honours degrees having legal status.
NTU administrerer de studieforløb, der udbydes på universitetets hjemsted i Det Forenede Kongerige, hvor de endelige eksamensbeviser udstedes.
NTU administers its courses of study at its establishment in the United Kingdom, where final degrees are awarded.
Imidlertid er der i henhold til artikel 216 i Education Reform Aet 1988 også fastsat et andet system, hvorefter universiteterne kan udstede eksamensbeviser.
However, Article 216 of the Education Reform Act 1988 provides for another system by means of which universities may award degrees.
Ifølge denne bestemmelse godkender undervisningsministeren en oversigt over organer, som kan tilbyde enhver undervisning, som fører til erhvervelse af et eksamensbevis, der skal udstedes af en godkendt læreanstalt, idet undervisningen skal være godkendt af denne læreanstalt eller i dennes interesse.
Under this provision, the Secretary of State approves a list of bodies who may provide any course which is in preparation for a degree to be granted by a recognised body and is approved by or on behalf of the recognised body.
Det fremgår af forelæggelseskendelsen, at European School of Economics (ESE Insight World Education System Ltd, herefter »ESE«) er omfattet af den pågældende oversigt.
It is apparent from the order for reference that this list includes the European School of Economics (ESE Insight World Education System Ltd; 'ESE').
Endvidere fremgår det af forelæggelseskendelsen, at denne læreanstalt er et Higher Education College (en højere uddannelsesinstitution), der ifølge uddannelsessystemet i Det Forenede Kongerige er beføjet til at tilrettelægge og tilbyde universitetsundervisning, der er blevet godkendt af NTU.
It is also apparent from the order for reference that this body is a Higher Education College authorised according to the United Kingdom educational system to organise and provide the university courses of study approved by NTU.
ESE, der er stiftet som et kapitalselskab med begrænset ansvar, er et foretagende, der har sit hjemsted i Det Forenede Kongerige, og som har adskillige afdelinger i andre medlemsstater.
ESE, which is incorporated as a limited liability company, is established in the United Kingdom with a number of secondary establishments in other Member States.
Selskabet er registreret ved handelskammeret i Rom med retlig status af et selskab, der er stiftet i henhold til lovgivningen i en anden medlemsstat, og det har 12 filialer i Italien.
It is registered with the Rome Chamber of Commerce having the legal form of a company incorporated according to the laws of another Member State and has 12 branches in Italy.
Kvaliteten af den undervisning, som ESE tilbyder, er tillige undergivet offentlig kontrol af »The quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education«, som er en offentlig myndighed.
The quality of the courses of study provided by ESE is also subject to audit by the UK Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education.
Med henblik på at undgå de store økonomiske omkostninger, som et ophold i Det Forenede Kongerige i hele studietiden ville have medført, besluttede Valentina Neri at følge universitetsundervisningen ved ESE i Italien.
In order to avoid the high financial cost attendant on residence in the United Kingdom for the entire duration of her studies, Ms Neri decided to attend university courses in Italy at ESE.
Efter at have indskrevet sig som førsteårsstuderende på et studieforløb ved ESE i Genova (Italien), og efter at have forudbetalt 4 000 000 ITL (2 065,83 EUR) til ESE, blev hun klar over, efter oplysninger fra officiel italiensk side, at ESE ikke var beføjet til at udbyde universitetsundervisning, og at de af universitetet udstedte eksamensbeviser, uanset at de er lovligt anerkendt i Storbritannien, ikke kunne anerkendes i Italien, såfremt de var erhvervet efter studier på det italienske område.
Having enrolled for the first year of the course of studies held by ESE in Genoa (Italy) and paid in advance to ESE the sum of ITL 4 000 000 (EUR 2 065.83), she learned from authoritative Italian sources that ESE was not authorised to organise university-level courses and that recognition could not be granted to the university's degrees, albeit legally recognised in the United Kingdom, if they had been obtained on the basis of periods of study completed in Italy.
Valentina Neri — der finder, at hun har erlagt betalingen på urigtigt grundlag, og som ikke efter en mindelig ordning har kunnet opnå tilbagebetaling af det beløb, der er betalt til ESE — har anlagt sag ved Giudice di pace di Genova med påstand om, at ESE dømmes til at tilbagebetale hende det pågældende beløb.
Ms Neri claimed that she had made an undue payment and, unable to secure reimbursement on an amicable basis of the amount paid to ESE, applied to the Giudice di pace, Genoa, for an order enjoining ESE to repay to her the sum at issue.
Til støtte for påstanden har Neri fremlagt en række cirkulærer fra Ministeriet for Universiteter samt Videnskabelig og Teknisk Forskning, som ifølge hende udgør grundlaget for, at hendes påstand skal tages til følge.
In support of her claim, Ms Neri produced in evidence several circulars from the Ministry for Universities and Scientific and Technological Research which, according to her, could bear out the substance of her claim.
Ved kendelse af 18. april 2002 har Giudice di pace di Genova besluttet at udsætte sagen og at forelægge Domstolen tre præjudicielle spørgsmål.
By order of 18 April 2002 the Giudice di pace, Genoa, decided to stay the proceedings and to seek a preliminary ruling from the Court on a number of questions.
Med det første spørgsmål spørger den forelæggende ret nærmere bestemt, om artikel 39 EF, 43 EF og 49 EF er til hinder for en administrativ praksis som den, der er omhandlet i hovedsagen, hvorefter eksamensbeviser for videregående universitetsstudier, der er udstedt af et universitet i en medlemsstat, ikke anerkendes i en anden medlemsstat, såfremt den undervisning, der er givet med henblik på erhvervelsen af disse eksamensbeviser, er blevet udbudt i sidstnævnte medlemsstat af en anden uddannelsesinstitution i henhold til en aftale, der er indgået mellem de to institutioner.
The national court asks in its first question, essentially, if an administrative practice such as the one at issue in the main proceedings, under which university degrees awarded by a university of one Member State are not recognised by another Member State when the courses of preparation for those degrees were provided in the latter Member State by another educational establishment in accordance with an agreement made between the two establishments, is incompatible with Articles 39 EC, 43 EC and 49 EC.
Artikel 43 EF stiller krav om ophævelse af restriktioner for etableringsretten.
Article 43 EC requires the elimination of restrictions on freedom of establishment.
Alle foranstaltninger, som forbyder, medfører ulemper for eller gør udøvelsen af denne ret mindre interessant, skal betragtes som sådanne restriktioner.
All measures which prohibit, impede or render less attractive the exercise of this freedom must be regarded as constituting such restrictions.
For en uddannelsesinstitution som ESE, der yder undervisning med henblik på at give de studerende mulighed for at erhverve eksamensbeviser, der kan lette deres adgang til arbejdsmarkedet, er det af væsentlig betydning, at en medlemsstats myndigheder anerkender disse eksamensbeviser.
For an institution like ESE, which organises courses intended to enable its students to obtain degrees capable of facilitating their access to the employment market, the recognition of those degrees by the authorities of a Member State is of considerable importance.
Det er åbenbart, at en administrativ praksis som den, der er omhandlet i hovedsagen, hvorefter visse eksamensbeviser, der udstedes ved afslutningen af den universitetsundervisning, der udbydes af ESE, ikke anerkendes i Italien, kan afholde de studerende fra at følge denne undervisning og dermed medføre alvorlige ulemper for ESE's erhvervsmæssige virksomhed i denne medlemsstat.
It is clear that an administrative practice such as the one at issue in the main proceedings, under which certain degrees awarded at the end of a university training course given by ESE are not recognised in Italy, is likely to deter students from attending these courses and thus seriously hinder the pursuit by ESE of its economic activity in that Member State.
»Artikel 43 EF er til hinder for en administrativ praksis som den, der er omhandlet i hovedsagen, hvorefter eksamensbeviser for videregående universitetsstudier, der er udstedt af et universitet i en medlemsstat, ikke kan anerkendes i en anden medlemsstat, såfremt den undervisning, der er givet med henblik på erhvervelsen af disse eksamensbeviser, er blevet udbudt i sidstnævnte medlemsstat af en anden uddannelsesinstitution i henhold til en aftale, der er indgået mellem de to institutioner.·
'An administrative practice such as the one at issue in the main proceedings, under which degrees awarded by a university of one Member State cannot be recognised in another Member State when the courses of preparation for those degrees were provided in the latter Member State by another educational establishment in accordance with an agreement made between the two establishments, is incompatible with Article 43 EC.'
Generaladvokat F. G. Jacobs fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Femte Afdeling) den 10. april 2003.
Advocate General F. G. Jacobs delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Fifth Chamber on 10 April 2003.
»1) En national regel eller administrativ praksis, hvorefter eksamensbeviser, der er udstedt til en medlemsstats egne statsborgere af et universitet i en anden medlemsstat, ikke kan anerkendes, når det omhandlede studieforløb ikke er gennemført i den medlemsstat, hvor universitetet er etableret, og når den ordning — hvorved et sådant universitet i forbindelse med udstedelsen af eksamensbeviser kan godkende studieforløb, der udbydes af andre uddannelsesinstitutioner og følges i den medlemsstat, der anvender den pågældende regel eller praksis — derved bliver mindre attraktiv, udgør det en restriktion for etableringsfriheden i henhold til artikel 43 EF, og/eller, afhængig af omstændighederne, den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser i henhold til artikel 49 EF.
'(1) A national rule or administrative practice under which degrees awarded to a Member State's own nationals by a university in another Member State cannot be recognised when the relevant course of study was not undertaken in the Member State in which the university is established, and which thereby lessens the attractiveness of arrangements by which such a university may approve, for the purposes of awarding its degrees, courses of study offered by other educational organisations and followed in the Member State which applies that rule or practice, is such as to constitute a restriction on the freedom of establishment enshrined in Article 43 EC and/or, as the case may be, the freedom to provide services enshrined in Article 49 EC.
En sådan praksis er ikke berettiget, hvis den udelukker enhver efterprøvelse, der kunne føre til en anerkendelse af standarden af de uddannelser, i forbindelse med hvilke de enkelte eksamensbeviser udstedes.
Such a practice cannot be justified if it precludes any verification, with a view to recognition, of the standard of education to which each degree attests.
Rådets direktiv 89/48/EØF finder ikke anvendelse på situationer, hvor en person endnu ikke er i besiddelse af et eksamensbevis fra en videregående uddannelsesinstitution.
(2) Council Directive 89/48/EEC of 21 December 1988 on a general system for the recognition of higher-education diplomas awarded on completion of professional education and training of at least three years' duration does not apply to situations in which a person is not yet in possession of a diploma of higher education.
Rådets afgørelse 63/266/EØF pålægger ikke medlemsstaterne nogen retligt bindende regler og finder heller ikke anvendelse på situationer, hvor en person ikke søger at komme til at studere uden for hans eller hendes oprindelsesmedlemsstat.«
(3) Council Decision 63/266/EEC of 2 April 1963 laying down general principles for implementing a common vocational training policy does not impose any binding rules on Member States, nor does it apply to situations in which a person does not seek to study outside his or her home Member State.'
»Tjenestemænd - meddelelser om ledig stilling — vedtægtens artikel 29, stk 1 — udnævnelsesprocedure - åbenbart urigtigt skøn — begrundelse· (Femte Afdeling)
(Officials — Vacancies —Article 29(1) of the Staff Regulations — Appointments procedure -- Manifest error of assessment — Statement of reasons) (Fifth Chamber)
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