natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Sporgsmål 1: 35 af de 40 svarpersoner gav udtryk for. at repræsentanterne for de regionale/lokale myndigheder ikke i tilstrækkeligt omfang har mulighed for at fremme deres egne interesser, mens fem var af den modsatte mening.
Question 12: All respondents felt that cooperation between regional/local authorities at the European level would discourage conflicts with authorities at the national level in Slovakia.
Hvad angik forslag til forbedringer, ansås omlægning af planlægningssystemer og gennemførelse af regionalpolitik på centralt plan for at være vigtigst.
Question 13: All of the six connotations with a "Europe of Regions" offered by the questionnaire were accepted by a majority of respondents, but with a focus on "political decisionmaking close to the citizens".
Endvidere fremgik det. at de regionale myndigheder mangler støtte til udvikling af deres administrative infrastruktur.
No additional connotations were mentioned.
I denne forbindelse er uddannelse af medarbejderstaben i form af kurser af afgørende betydning. Ændringsforslag omfattede overdragelse af beføjelser fra statslige myndigheder til selvstyrende institutioner og overførsel af økonomiske midler til disse institutioner med henblik på at sikre effektiv udøvelse af beføjelserne.
Question 14: Most positive effects from a "Europe of Regions" were expected in the fields of structural and regional policy, social matters, culture, health and environment.
Kun to af eksperterne var af en anden mening.
2.5 The Committee of the Regions (CoR)
Svarpersonerne nævnte også. at den nye lov om beføjelser er et vigtigt skridt i denne retning, og at man for øjeblikket er i gang med at udarbejde en lov om de lokale myndigheders ejendom, der vil skabe gunstige forhold for funktionerne i en decentraliseret struktur. De to eksperter.
Question 15: Regarding the role and function of an institution like the CoR, respondents proposed that it should act as a spearhead for regional and local interests at the EU level, pass information to regional and local authorities, have a consultative function in administrative reforms and legislation and help with initiating and developing cross-border cooperation.
der var imod en mere decentraliseret struktur, gjorde opmærksom på risikoen for, at en decentralisering vil styrke lokale klaners og "diktatorers" position.
Question 16, whether the CoR was a promising instrument to represent regional/local interests in the EU, received a very positive answer from all respondents.
Sporgsmål 3: På spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt regionale og lokale myndigheder skal have flere eller færre udovende og lovgivende beføjelser, svarede halvdelen af de adspurgte, at både regioner og lokale myndigheder skal have flere udovende beføjelser.
Question 17 referring to fields of work in which the CoR could be helpful for regional/local institutions included no ready-made answers.
Med hensyn til lovgivning var den fremherskende holdning, at der skal overdrages flere lovgivende beføjelser til både regionale og lokale myndigheder. Visse af svarpersonerne støttede dog det synspunkt, at der skal overdrages færre
Most frequently mentioned were advice in administrative procedures, training courses for civil servants, the establishment of an international communication network about questions of subnational government, the provision of models for efficient regional and local government, advice on matters of cooperation between authorities at the national and the subnational levels, regional planning and development, social matters, culture, health and environment.
(i realiteten ingen) lovgivende beføjelser til myndighederne på regionalt og lokalt plan.
Question 18 on the CoR's expertise according to policy fields was not precisely answered, due to insufficient knowledge.
De påpegede dog også. at det i første omgang er nødvendigt at styrke det regionale plan. da de lokale myndigheder allerede har omfattende udøvende beføjelser.
In general, the CoR was attributed expertise in all fields with a certain focus on "general and vocational training" as well as "structural and regional policy".
Sporgsmål 4: De adspurgte ytrede ønske om at give regionerne større beføjelser på følgende politikområder: samfundsøkonomisk udvikling og planlægning, boligpolitik, socialpolitik, sundhedsbeskyttelse, videregående uddannelser, teknisk infrastruktur, miljø samt støtte til små og mellemstore virksomheder. På det lokale plan (kommuner) blev følgende områder anført: territorial planlægning og byggeri, lokalmiljø, skoler og gymnasier.
Question 19 referring to the "added value" of the CoR's work vis-à-vis the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (CLRAE) was answered only by 8 respondents acquainted with both institutions; they stated that the CoR's strengths were mainly in the field of defining powers which should be transferred from the central to the regional and local levels, while CLRAE was rather focused on democratic practices.
Hvad angår konkurrenceevne, formodede flertallet af de adspurgte, at hverken de nationale eller regionale myndigheder var helt klar.
The two-tier system of subnational administration is embedded in a tradition of administrative centralism.
Med hensyn til beskyttelse af mindretal, mente flertallet af svarpersonerne, at myndighederne på alle administrative planer (nationalt, regionalt og lokalt plan) ikke er tilstrækkeligt forberedte.
While components of selfgovernment are present at both the regional (provinces) and local (villages, municipalities, metropolitan municipalities) level, municipalities and metropolitan municipalities are in practice the only territorialadministrative bodies where subnational selfgovernment is efficiently executed and has developed in recent years.
2.3 Tværregionalt og grænseoverskridende samarbejde
Results of the questionnaire
Sporgsmål 10: På spørgsmålet om. hvilke store problemer der i fremtiden vil opstå med hensyn til repræsentation af" regionale og lokale interesser på
The author responsible for Turkey personally contacted 80 persons and received the answers via interviews.
EU-plan. satte svarpersonerne kryds ved følgende problemer: komplekse strukturer og beslutningsprocesser, ingen individuelle kontaktpersoner i
The respondents comprised 22 members of the Turkish Grand Assembly, 13 civil servants working in ministries, 17 civil servants working as representatives of the state in provincial administrations (9 at the province [il], 8 at the upper district [ilçe] level), 6 mayors of municipalities, 11 members of the board of representatives of municipalities, 10 civil servants working in municipalities, 1 head of a village [muktar]).
EU-institutionerne og regionale/lokale myndigheders manglende okonomiske
The deputies interviewed reflect the spectrum of political parties in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey: Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (National Movement
Sporgsmål 11: Tværregionalt og/cller grænseoverskridende samarbejde var efter svarpersonernes mening af stor betydning for den politiske effektivitet, den økonomiske effektivitet, den demokratiske konsolidering og integrationen af mindretal.
Question 1: 45 respondents out of 80 found the current structures of local representation quite sufficient to meet the interests of local governments at the national level, whereas 35 found it totally insufficient.
Flertallet af de adspurgte mente, at tværregionalt og grænseoverskridende samarbejde især vil komme til at påvirke den økonomiske effektivitet og den demokratiske konsolidering.
Those who considered local representation "insufficient" were either deputies affiliated to pro-Islamic parties like Saadet Partisi (Happiness Party) and Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (Justice and Development Party), parties on the margins of the current political system, or persons, who worked in local governments.
Mere end en tredjedel af de adspurgte mente ikke. at tværregionalt og/cller grænseoverskridende samarbejde har nogen betydning for integrationen af mindretal.
The voice of persons working in local governments should be taken most seriously in this context, since they are the ones suffering from the current system.
Sporgsmål 12: Alle svarpersoner mente, at samarbejde mellem regionale/lokale myndigheder i Slovakiet og andre regionale/lokale myndigheder i EU vil dæmme op for konflikter mellem disse og myndighederne på nationalt plan i
According to them, a reform should take place in local governmental legislation and policies; power of the central government over local governments should be trimmed; participation of citizens in decision making processes should be legally founded.
Sporgsmål 13: Flertallet af de adspurgte erklærede sig enige med alle seks udsagn i spørgeskemaet vedrørende "Regionernes Europa", dog især udsagnet
Question 2: Out of 80 respondents nobody opted for more centralised political structures.
"politisk beslutningstagning tæt på borgerne". Der blev ikke anfört noget under
The answers were 50:50 for either "more decentralised" or "no
Sporgsmål 14: Det forventedes, at de mest positive virkninger af "Regionernes
change necessary".
Europa" vil blive opnået inden for struktur- og regionalpolitik, sociale anliggender, kultur, sundhed og miljø.
Those who were in favour of devolution justified their opinion by statements like "disadvantages of extreme bureaucracy", "democratic needs", "participation of local inhabitants", "estrangement of central government civil servants from the public", "better control of local financial resources".
Sporgsmål 15: Med hensyn til den rolle og funktion, en institution som RU har, foreslog svarpersonerne, at RU skal fungere som spydspids for regionale og lokale interesser på EU-plan. videregive oplysninger til regionale og lokale myndigheder, have en rådgivende funktion i forbindelse med administrative reformer og administrativ lovgivning samt bidrage til igangsætning og udvikling af grænseoverskridende samarbejde.
Those claiming that no change was necessary supported views such as "capital and expert knowledge needed for public service are more efficiently provided by the central government than by local governments", "central government provides for cheaper and more efficient public service than local governments", "decentralisation promotes interregional rivalries that create an unbalanced distribution of financial resources and public services", "central government ensures impartiality vis-à-vis regional influences and pressures".
Sporgsmål 16: Spørgsmålet om. hvorvidt RU er et hensigtsmæssigt redskab til at repræsentere regionale/lokale interesser i EU, blev positivt besvaret af alle svarpersoner.
Question 3: 46% of the respondents opted for more executive powers for municipalities, whereas nobody favoured more executive powers for regions.
Sporgsmål 17: Spørgsmålet om. på hvilke opgaveområder RU's støtte kan hjælpe regionale/lokale institutioner, omfattede ikke nogen på forhånd fastlagte svar.
14% of the respondents opted for less executive powers for municipalities, whereas nobody wanted to have less executive powers for regions.
Sporgsmål 18: Spørgsmålet om RU's sagkundskab på visse politikområder blev ikke besvaret udførligt på grund af manglende kendskab til området.
As regards the local level, stronger powers were demanded for management of financial resources, housing, health, education, foreign investment promotion.
Flertallet af de adspurgte mente, at RU er sagkyndig på alle områder, dog især på områderne
Furthermore, clarification of overlapping competences of various public authorities was called for.
"almen- og erhvervsuddannelse" samt
Question 5: 4% of the respondents did not answer the question.
Sporgsmål 19: Spørgsmålet om "merværdien" af RU's arbejde i forhold til
22 respondents, however, asserted that they opposed EU accession.
Kongressen af Lokale og Regionale Myndigheder (CLRAE) blev kun besvaret af otte svarpersoner med kendskab til begge institutioner.
Question 7: Regarding the status of preparation of subnational authorities for the EU, out of 80 respondents, 12 did not answer the question at all asserting that they were against Turkish accession.
De anførte, at RU's styrke hovedsageligt ligger i at fastlægge, hvilke beføjelser der skal overdrages fra nationalt plan til regionalt og lokalt plan, mens CLRAE i højere grad koncentrerer sig om demokratiske traditioner.
Out of the 68 who answered, 17 agreed that administrative structures were quite sufficient at the national level, whereas 51 claimed that administrative structures were insufficient at national level. Out of the 68 persons who answered, 13 considered administrative structures at the
(provinser) og lokalt (landsbyer, kommuner, storbykommuner) plan, er kommuner og storbykommuner i praksis de eneste territoriale administrative organer, hvor det subnationalc selvstyre er effektivt og har udviklet sig i de senere år.
Out of the 68 who answered, nobody was of the opinion that economic jurisdiction was sufficiently prepared at the municipal level, whereas 68 claimed that preparation for economic jurisdiction was totally insufficient at the municipal level.
Der er større modstand mod udvikling af selvstyre på regionalt plan, hvilket hovedsageligt skyldes spørgsmål vedrørende etniske mindretal.
As regards protection of minorities, answers were given only for the national level; almost 50% claimed that Turkey was sufficiently prepared, while the other 50% were of the opposite opinion.
2 Resultater af sporgeskemaet
No answers were given in regard to regions.
Svarpersonerne omfattede 22 medlemmer af Tyrkiets
2.3 Interregional and cross-border cooperation
17 embedsmænd, som arbejdede som statens repræsentanter i provinsernes administrationer (ni på provinsplan [il] og otte på det øverste distriktsplan [ilçc]), seks kommunale borgmestre, 1 1 kommunalbestyrelsesmedlemmer, ti kommunale embedsmænd samt én landsbyformand [muktar].
Almost all of the respondents, however, argued that municipalities should participate more actively in transnational networks.
De interviewede deputerede afspejler det politiske spektrum i Tyrkiets Store
Members of local administrations in particular were remarkably enthusiastic for such an option.
2.2 Det subnationale plans interne rolle
No additional problems were mentioned.
Sporgsmål 1: 45 ud af 80 svarpersoner mente, at de nuværende strukturer for lokal repræsentation er tilstrækkelige til at tilgodese lokalforvaltningernes interesser på nationalt plan. hvorimod 35 mente, at de var helt utilstrækkelige.
Question 11: Except for the 12 respondents, who explicitly expressed their opposition to EU accession, all of the remaining 68 respondents ticked all four options as being of high importance.
Dette resultat var. hvad der kunne forventes, i lyset af, at næsten alle de, der mente, at repræsentationen var "tilstrækkelig", var medlemmer af Tyrkiets Store
Question 12: When asked whether cooperation of regional/local authorities in Turkey with other regional/local authorities in Europe would increase or reduce existing conflicts between them and the national level in Turkey, apart from the 12 respondents, who opposed EU membership, a vast majority of the remaining respondents expressed their belief in a reduction of conflicts.
som repræsenterede centrum-højrepartieme.
Increased financial resources was the major reason given for such an assertion.
som mente, at den lokale repræsentation var "utilstrækkelig", var enten deputerede fra de proislamiske partier som Glædcspartiet og Retfærdigheds- og Udviklingspartiet. fra partier periferien af det aktuelle politiske system eller personer, som arbejdede lokalforvaltningerne.
Some respondents also based their view on the introduction of new legislation empowering local governments in accordance with EU standards.
Synspunkterne fra de personer, som arbejder lokalforvaltningerne, skal tages mest alvorligt i denne forbindelse, da det er dem.
2 respondents from the central government claimed that there were no conflicts between the central government and local governments.
som lever med det nuværende system.
2.4 The "Europe of Regions" in general
Sporgsmål 2: Ud af de 80 svarpersoner var der ingen, der valgte mere centraliserede politiske strukturer. Der var en ligelig fordeling mellem "mere
Question 13: When asked about connotations with the expression "Europe of the Regions", all respondents, except the 12 who opposed EU membership, ticked all
"stor afstand mellem embedsmændene i centralforvaltningen og offentligheden" samt "bedre kontrol med lokale økonomiske ressourcer".
Question 14: Except for the 12 respondents, who explicitly expressed their opposition to EU accession, almost all the remaining respondents expected highly positive effects in all fields offered by the questionnaire.
De. som hævdede, at det ikke var nødvendigt at ændre strukturerne, begrundede dette med "den kapital og ekspertviden, der skal bruges til offentlige ydelser, tilvejebringes mere effektivt af centralforvaltningen end af lokalforvaltningerne",
There was some hesitancy about human rights/minority issues especially from respondents employed by the central government.
Sporgsmål 3: 46% af svarpersonerne ønskede flere udøvende beføjelser til kommunerne, hvorimod ingen var for flere udovende beføjelser til regionerne.
Question 15: As regards the role and function of the CoR, it was mentioned that it should play an active role, especially in consultation of local governments and nongovernmental organisations in applicant states, about EU procedures, programmes etc.
Tyrkiet var en unitaristisk stat. og at de centrale lovgivende beføjelser og lovgivningen ikke kan uddelegeres til en anden myndighed, men skal forblive hos Tyrkiets Store Nationalforsamling.
Question 17: The question, as to which field(s) of work the CoR's support would be helpful for regional institutions was not answered by any respondent.
En svarperson mente, at systemet burde ændres politisk, administrativt og juridisk med det formål al uddelegere lovgivende beføjelser til lokalforvaltningerne.
In connection with municipalities, assistance in implementing EU programmes, financial assistance, culture, social matters, environmental issues were mentioned most frequently.
Sporgsmål 5: 4% af svarpersonerne besvarede ikke dette spørgsmål. 13% af svarpersonerne anførte, at subnational deltagelse i beslutningsprocessen på nationalt plan i
Question 18: Only three respondents answered the question about the CoR's expertise in policy fields.
Det blev kritiseret, at det tyrkiske system hverken støttede eller regulerede deltagelsen i beslutningsprocessen.
The three ticked all policy fields and attributed high expertise to the CoR in all fields.
EU­medlemsstaterne. Der blev ikke foreslået andre kanaler eller strategier.
Representation of local interests in accordance with cultural and structural differences was mentioned by all of them as the major comparative value.
Tyrkiets fremskridt hen imod EU­medlcmskab.
Question 20: No additional remarks were made.
Ud af de 68 var der ingen, der mente, at de kommunale myndigheder var tilstrækkeligt forberedte med hensyn til økonomiske beføjelser, mens 68 hævdede, de var helt utilstrækkeligt forberedte. Der var stort set enighed om konkurrenceevnen på nationalt plan: Næsten alle svarpersoner mente, at
The ability of current structures of regional/local representation to meet the interests of subnational units at the national level (Question 1) was considered differently in the individual countries:
Tyrkiet var utilstrækkeligt forberedt.
• Respondents in Malta and Romania have a prevailingly positive impression of the current situation.
For så vidt angår beskyttelse af mindretal, angik besvarelserne kun det nationale plan: næsten 50% hævdede, at Tyrkiet var tilstrækkeligt forberedt, mens andre 50% mente det modsatte.
In both countries remarkable administrative reforms have been carried out recently, implementing selfgovernment at the local level (Malta) and at the local plus regional (Romania) levels.
Ingen al" besvarelserne angik regionerne.
First results of this reforms are already visible.
Sporgsmål 8: Kun tre af svarpersonerne støttede den holdning, at EU's finansielle programmer på afgørende vis styrkede de subnationalc enheders politiske og okonomiske udvikling i Tyrkiet, mens de resterende 77 afstod fra at besvare spørgsmålet, idet de ikke havde kendskab til emnet.
• In Turkey, Latvia and Lithuania, satisfaction with the current situation is limited, or positive and negative opinions are in balance, Lithuania being rather on the negative side.
2.3 Tværregionalt og grænseoverskridende samarbejde
The two Baltic states have not yet found a satisfying solution at the regional level.
Sporgsmål 9: Spørgsmålet om. hvorvidt regionerne burde deltage mere aktivt i tværnationale netværk, blev ikke besvaret af nogen af svarpersonerne.
• There is no satisfaction with the current situation with Bulgarian and Slovak respondents.
Næsten alle svarpersonerne anførte imidlertid, at kommunerne burde deltage mere aktivt i tværnationale netværk.
In Bulgaria, criticism refers mainly to the regional level without self-government; in Slovakia the latest reform of 2000-2002 is not yet completed.
Især var medlemmerne af lokalforvaltningerne
Improvements proposed refer very much to the individual situation and can hardly be generalised.
bemærkelsesværdigt entusiastiske med hensyn til denne mulighed. De fleste repræsentanter for kommunerne nævnte deres nuværende forbindelser og udtrykte ønske om at udvikle disse yderligere.
Question 2 regarding preference for more centralised or more devolved structures resulted in all countries in a clear majority in favour of more devolved structures, although here and there, some declared "centralists" were among the respondents, and in Turkey half of the respondents opted for no change (of the rather centralised system).
Sporgsmål 10: Bortset fra 12 svarpersoner, som gav klart udtryk for deres modstand mod tiltrædelse al" EU. nævnte næsten alle de resterende svarpersoner to problemer i forbindelse med repræsentationen af regionale og lokale interesser på EU­plan i fremtiden: de tyrkiske lokalforvaltningers manglende økonomiske ressourcer til at åbne egne kontorer og ansætte personale i Bruxelles samt begrænset repræsentation på grund af lovgivning på nationalt plan. Der blev ikke angivet andre problemer.
This strong vote for greater devolution was cast almost irrespective of the extent of satisfaction with the country's current administrative structures.
Sporgsmål 11: Med undtagelse af de 12 svarpersoner, som gav klart udtryk fol deres modstand mod tiltrædelse af EU. angav de resterende 68 svarpersoner samtlige lire muligheder som værende af stor betydning.
Among the motives put forward to support devolution, the most generally applicable and significant were that it would increase competition among regions, would provide for a more equal regional development, would push forward regional development, would bring more investments to the regions, would ensure EU structural funding in regions, would create a more democratic and transparent form of government, would bring administration closer to the problems and needs of the people, would mean greater efficiency, less bureaucracy, would make it easier to involve the local population into political decision-making, was an adequate means of mobilising the citizen's participation in regional and local socioeconomic development.
Sporgsmål 12: Adspurgt om. hvorvidt Tyrkiets regionale,lokale myndigheders samarbejde med andre regionale/lokale myndigheder i Europa ville skæipe eller mindske eksisterende konflikter mellem disse og det nationale plan i Tyrkiet, svarede et stort flertal af de 68 svarpersoner, som var for EU­medlemskab. at de mente, at konflikterne ville blive mindsket.
Those who supported more centralised structures and advocated no change of rather centralistic systems argued most frequently that a balance between local selfgovernment and state control was necessary, that local and regional authorities had not sufficient staff and financial capacities to fulfil their tasks adequately, that centralised government was cheaper and more efficient and that devolution would promote regional disparities and be less impartial.
Den vigtigste begrundelse for dette var øgede okonomiske ressourcer.
Some see also the danger of local and regional "feudalism".