natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det kan derfor sluttes, at der undervises i emnet vedr. nye former for arbejds organisation som en del af belgiske universitetslæseplaner i den udstrækning, docenterne anser dette for hensigtsmæssigt, og at det dækkes ofte i dybden, samt at akademiske organer, tillige med psykologer, sociologer og eksperter i arbejdsstudier er interesseret i at stille uddannelse til rådighed på dette område for fremtidige ingeniører, specialister i ergonomi og bedriftsle^er for at udruste disse til at klare de forskellige med en ny arbejdsorganisation forbundne problemer", (s. 15-16)
It may therefore be concluded that the subject of new forms of work organization is taught as part of Belgian university syllabuses to the extent considered appropriate by lecturers and is often covered in depth, and that, in addition to psychologists, sociologists and work study experts, the academic authorities are concerned to provide training in this field for future engineers, ergonomiste, and industrial medical officers in order to equip them to deal with the various problems involved in new work organization". (pp. 15-16)
13 vil en læsning af vedlagte liste (1) angive interessen blandt studenterne i de forskellige aspekter af nye former for arbejdsorganisation.
As regards university theses, "although our research is incomplete, a reading of the appended list (1) is indicative of the interest taken by students in various aspects of new forms of work organization.
I mange tilfælde har studenterne baseret deres arbejde på analyser af eksperimenter, der er udført i belgiske virksomheder.
In many cases students have based their work on analysis of experiments carried out in Belgian companies.
Det store antal disputatser vedr. nye former for arbejdsorganistion er et tydeligt tegn på dette problems betydning og vore universiteters klare forståelse af vigtigheden heraf", (s. 18).
The large number of theses concerned with new forms of work organization is a clear indication of the importance of this problem and the awareness of its importance in our universities". (p. 18)
Resultaterne ville uden tvivl have været lignende ud fra en undersøgelse af handelshøjskoler, der byder på mange forskellige kurser inkl. eet, der fører til eksamensbeviset, "organisationskonsulent".
Very similar findings would have no doubt been derived from a survey of economic higher education establishments, which offer a variety of courses, including one leading to the diploma of "organizational consultant".
Disse institutioners læseplaner omfatter adskillige kurser med lignende betegnelser som de ovenfor anførte.
The syllabuses of these establishments include various courses with titles similar to those listed above.
Vi kan være mere specifike m.h.t. Ecole d'Ergologie i Bruxelles, der på sit 50-års jubilæum i oktober 1975 afholdt et een-dags seminar vedr. emnet, "de ergologiske videnskabers nyeste bidrag til problemerne i forbin­delse med arbejdsstudier og jobberigelse".
We can be more specific in regard to the Ecole d'Ergologie in Brussels which, on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary in October 1975, held a one-day seminar on the theme of "recent contributions by the ergological sciences to the problems of work study and job enrichment".
"Vi kan nævne to læseplaner for akademiske kandidater, der omfatter kurser i arbejdsorganisation.
"We can mention two post-graduate syllabuses which include courses on work organization.
Det første af disse finder sted på "Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius" i Antwerpen, hvor man har truffet arrangementer for et kursus i forretningsadministration for akademiske kandidater.
The first of these is at the "Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius" in Antwerp, where a post-graduate course in business administration has been organized.
Dette kursus omfatter et speciale vedr. "mennesket og organisation", der dækker nye udviklinger i studiet vedr. organisation og den praktiske anvendelse heraf.
This course includes a special study of on "man and organization", which is concerned with new developments in the study of organization and its practical application.
Sammen med foreningen af psykologer og pædagoger arrangerede fakultetet for anvendt nationaløkonomi på KUL i Louvain i februar/marts ifjor et kursus vedr. emnet, "økonomisk demokrati og organisationsudvikling", under hvilket nye organisationsbegreber blev analyseret", (s. 17).
Secondly, the faculty of applied economics at the KUL in Louvain, in conjunction with the association of psychology and education graduates, organized a course last February/March on the theme of 'industrial democracy and organizational development' during which new organizational concepts were analyzed". (p. 17)
Produktivitetscentret for Vest-Flandern arrangerede seminarer vedr. økonomisk demokrati i 1972/73.
The West Flanders Productivity Centre organized seminars on industrial democracy in 1972/3.
Tillige med teoretiske afhandlinger præsenterede regio­nens arbejdsgivere case-studier. Efter disse seminarer blev OBAP anmodet om at evaluere de beskrevne eksperimenter. (2)
As well as theoretical papers, case study presentations were given by employers from the region.
Eftersom responsen var praktisk talt nul, kan vi ikke udtale os om, hvorvidt sådanne etablissementer tilbyder kurser, der dækker nye former for arbejdsorganisation eller ej.
- 15 - opinion as to whether or not such establishments offered courses covering new forms of work organization.
Vi ved imidlertid, at der findes internationale organer i Belgien, der til byder kurser i jobberigelse og forbedring af arbejdsvilkårene, og at disse er ved at finde et marked.
We do know, however, that there are international bodies which offer courses on job enrichment and improvement of working conditions in Belgium, where they are finding a market.
Det var os ikke muligt at udføre en systematisk undersøgelse vedr. psykosociologer, der specialiserer i organisationsudvikling.
It was not possible for us to carry out any systematic survey of psychosociologists specializing in Organizational Development.
Vi kan dog fastslå, at emnet vedr. ændringer i arbejdsorganisationen ikke er helt periferiske i forhold til deres interesseområde» Dette bekræftes af kendsgerningen, at dette emne blev indgående dækket på ASSEIP-symposiet i maj: "Psykosociologisk uddannelse i organisationer.
We can however state that the subject of changes in work organization is not completely peripheral to their area of concern. This is borne out by the fact that this topic was given considerable coverage at the symposium held in May 1977 by ASSEIP on the theme of : "Psychosociological training in organizations.
En oversigt, uoverensstemmelser og muligheder".
A review, contra­dictions and prospects".
Vi bør også nævne CRESEPT-uddannelseskurset for ledere af sundheds- og sikkerhedsafdelinger, af hvilket en del - "Ergonomi og arbejdets menneske liggørelse" - især dækker emnet, "fra Taylorisme til jobrestrukturering, nogle særlige former for arbejdsorganisation (skifteholdsarbejde, jobudvidelse og jobberigelse, samt autonome arbejdsgrupper)".
Mention should also be made of the training course for heads of health and safety departments run by CRESEPT, one part of which -"Ergonomics and Humanization of Work" - specifically covers the theme of "from taylorism to job restructuring, some particular forms of work organization (shift work, job enlargement and job enrichment, autonomous work groups)".
Undervisningsmetoderne støtter sig stærkt på praktisk arbejde og kræver udarbejdelsen af et stort antal individuelle projekter (nogle af disse har allerede beskæftiget sig med organisationsmæssige ændringer).
The teaching methods lean heavily on practical work and call for the preparation of a large number of individual projects (some of which have already been concerned with organizational changes).
Endelig er vi ude af stand til at give en udførlig redegørelse for virksomhedernes uddannelse på stedet, fordi udførelsen af en sådan undersøgelse ville gå videre end vort område.
Finally, we are unable to give detailed information on companies' in-house training because the task of conducting a survey would have been beyond our scope.
Ud fra informationer modtaget af kontakter i industrien er vi ikke desto mindre klar over, at forskellige store selskaber arrangerer seminarer for deres ledende personale med henblik på at gøre dem modtagelige over for jobrestrukturering og nye former for arbejdsorganisation. nisation.
Nevertheless we are aware, through information received from contacts in industry, that various large companies organize seminars for their executives with a view to sensitizing them to job restructuring and new forms of work organ­ization.
Initia­tivet til arrangementer af kurser overlades til forbundene, der repræsenterer individuelle industrigrene, samt disses regionalkontorer.
16 - representing individual branches of industry and their regional offices.
Vi henvendte os derfor til fire af landets største forbund, nemlig Fabrimetal, Sidérurgie, Féchimie og Febeltex.
We accordingly approached four of the largest federations in the country, ie Fabrimetal, Sidérurgie, Féchimie and Febeltex.
I de sidste par år har tre af forbundets fem regionale foreninger imidlertid udviklet omhyggeligt formulerede uddan­nelsesprogrammer for tilsynsførende personale. Disse omfatter et kursus i "Nye former for arbejdsorganisation, kommunikation og konsultation", der er tilrettelagt omkring organisationsmæssig udviklingsteori.
However, over the past two years or so three of its five regional associations have evolved aarefully formulated training programmes for supervisory staff which include a course on "New forms of work organization, communication and consultation", designed around the theory of organizational development.
Disse kurser afholdes efter aftale med de tilsynsførende arbejdstageres hierarkiske overordnede, som modtager meddelelse forud om programmerne, der er planlagt ud fra en evaluering af behovene.
These courses are held by agreement with the supervisory workers' heirarchical superiors, who receive advance notification of pro­grammes, which are planned on the basis of evaluation of requirements.
Herudover arrangerer individuelle arbejdsgivere uddannelseskurser på arbejds­pladsen vedr. menneskelige problemer i industrien inkl. nye former for ar­bejdsorganisation.
In addition, in-house training courses on the human problems in industry, including new forms of work organization, are organized by individual employers.
De tilgodeser alle hierarkiske trin: ledelse, tilsynsførende personale, manuelle arbejdere og kontorfunktionærer, I denne henseende er de på linie med resolutionerne, der blev vedtaget på de seneste Fabrimetalkonferencer.
They cater for all heirarchical levels: management, supervisory staff, manual and clerical workers. In this they are in line with resolutions passed at recent Fabrimetal conferences.
Det bør understreges, at arbejdsgivernes initiativer af denne art også findes i andre brancher inden for handel og industri.
It should be noted that employers' initiatives of this type are also to be found in other branches of the economy.
Comité de la Sidérurgie et Groupement des Haut Fourneaux et Aciéries Belge har oprettet et socialudvalg med et kompetenceområde, der omfatter alle "sociale" anliggender, og som bl.a. undersøger implikationerne af nye former for arbejdsorganisation i jern- og stålindustrien.
The Comité de la Sidérurgie et Groupement des Hauts fourneaux et aciéries belges has set up a Social Committee with general terms of reference embracing all "social" affairs which examines, inter alia, the implications of new forms of work organization in the iron and steel industry.
Der findes desuden to specielle underudvalg - det ene for sikkerhed, sundhed og forbedring af arbejdspladsernes udseende og det andet for bedriftsmedicin. Under udførelsen af deres arbejde undersøger begge udvalg eftervirkningerne af nye former for arbejdsorganisation på deres respektive områder.
In addition, there are two specialized sub-committees, one on safety, health and improvement of the appearance of places of work and the other on industrial médecine; in the course of their work both examine the repercussions of new forms of work organization in their respective spheres.
Féchimie (Fédération des industries Chimiques de Belgique) sidder inde med en "service des questions professionnelles" (afdeling for erhvervsfaglige anliggender), der i flere år har drevet uddannelseskurser på alle trin efter anmodning fra selskaber i denne industrigren.
Féchimie (the Fédération des industries chimiques de Belgique) has a "service des questions professionnelles" (department for vocational matters) which has for several years run training courses at all levels on request from companies in the industry.
Vi fandt emnet for nærværende rapport i et kursus, der dækkede "personaleadministration og menneskelige relationer".
We find the topic of this report in a course concerned with "personnel management and human relations".
Kurset var tilrettelagt for virksomhedsledere og sigtede på at give dem forståelse af de enkelte menneskere behov i deres arbejds situation.
This course is designed for managers and aimed at making them aware of the needs of individuals in their work situation.
Et andet kursus beskæftiger sig med forbedringen af arbejdsmetoderne, baseret på ergonomiske præmisser (mindre træthed, forebyggelse af farer, omgivende faktorer).
Another course is concerned with improvement of working methods based on the premises of ergonomics (reduction of fatigue, prevention of risks, ambient factors).
Fechimies uddannelsesudvalg har udarbejdet dokumenter til brug som baggrunds materiale for disse uddannelsesprogrammer.
The training committee of Féchimie has drawn up documents to be used as background material for these training programmes.
Febeltex (Féd6ration de l'Industrie Textile belge); een-dags konferencen, der afholdtes af forbundet i 1975 og overværedes af over 150 arbejdsgivere fra industrien, dannede initiativet til oprettelsen af et yderligere uddannelses center, der sandsynligvis åbner sine døre til næste oktober.
Febeltex (Fédération de l'Industrie Textile belge): the one-day conferences held by the Federation in 1975, attended by over 150 employers from the industry, provided the initiative for the creation of a: further training centre which will probably open its doors next October.
Det forudses, at emnet vedr. arbejdsorganisation bliver dækket i dette centers læseplan.
It is anticipated that the subject of work organization will be covered in this centre's curricula.
Herudover har forbundet også "Comité d'Affaire Sociales" (udvalg for arbejdsmarkedsanliggender) med ansvar for undersøgelsen af ikke blot kollektive overenskomster, men også problemerne vedr. tekniske og social økonomiske uddannelser.
In addition, the Federation also has a "Comité d'Affairs Sociales" (industrial relations committee) with responsibility for examination of not only collective agreements, but also the problems of technical and socio-economic training.
k, UDDANNELSE GENNEM FAGroRENINGER^_OGJtøBEJDER^
4· TRAINING BY_TRADE_UNIONS_AND WORKERS' EDUCATIONAL_ESTABLISHMENTS
Uddannelseskurserne i denne sidste kategori adskiller sig fra de ovenfor be skrevne i deres politiske dimension. De er tilrettelagt til at gøre arbejderne sig deres position i samfundet bevidet og at uddanne dem til kritisk at kunne vurdere deres arbejdsvilkår, samt i at fremsatte deres krav.
The training courses in this final category differ from those outlined above in their political dimension; they are designed to sensitize workers to their position in society and to train them in the critical appraisal of their working conditions and the presentation of claims.
ISCOs undervisningsmetoder koncentrerer sig om aktivistiske teknikker, der sigter på at prioritere den praktiske angrebsmåde som helhed, samt aktive metoder.
ISCO's teaching methods revolve around the techniques of activism; they aim to give priority to the overall practical approach and to active methods.
Undervisningstimerne finder sted om lørdagen i forskellige centre over hele landet. Det komplette kursus varer fire år, idet en del af det sidste år er optaget af forberedelsen af en afhandling.
Classes are held on Saturdays in various centres around the country; the complete course lasts for four years, part of the final year being taken up by the preparation of a thesis.
Ved kursets afslutning modtager de uddannelsessøgende et eksamensbevis i arbejdsvidenskab.
On completion of the course students receive a diploma in labour sciences.
Hvad fagforeningerne angår lønner det sig som en indledende observation at bemærke, at de har mange medlemmer i hele landet (anslås til at være to trediedele af hele den arbejdende befolkning). De enkelte fagforeninger er medlemmer af nationale forbund:
Turning to the trade union organizations, it is worth mentioning as a preliminary observation that they have a very large membership in the country (estimated at two thirds of all employees); the individual trade unions are members of national federations: the Confédération des Syndicats Chrétiens (CSC), whose post-war development has given it a majority of union membership; it is more strongly established in Flanders;
Fagforeningernes uddannelsesaktiviteter inden for CSC er koordineret gennem en national uddannelsesafdeling og uddannelsesafdelingerne i de enkelte fagforeninger.
The trade union training activities of the CSC-are coordinated by a national Training Department and the training departments of individual trade unions.
Kursernes indhold defineres af disse afdelinger i relation til behovene.
The content of the courses is defined by these departments in the light of requirements.
På nationalt plan arrangerede forbundet for ca. to år siden et uddannelseskursus for heltidsbeskæftigede fagforbundsfunktionærer. Emnet var økonomisk demokratisering, og demokratisering på gulvet blev vidtgående dækket.
At national level, the Confederation organized a training course for full-time union officials about two years ago; the subject was industrial democratization, and shop floor democratization was covered in depth.
Virksomhedsforbindelsesafdelingen har været den førende ånd bag tilrettelæggelsen af en lang række projekter, der er udformet til at udvikle bevidst heden om disse samme eraner blandt fagforeningsaktivister.
The Company Liaison Department has been the guiding spirit .behind the organization of large numbers of projects designed to develop awareness of these same themes among union activists.
I det vallonske område findes der tre-dages kurser vedr. emnet, "kontrol med arbejdsvilkårene". Kurserne er hovedsageligt baseret på LEST i Aix-en-Provence.
In the Walloon region three-day courses, based largely on the method of the LEST in Aix-en-Provence, are organized on the theme of "Control of Working Conditions".
Disse aktiviteter er en integrerende del af bevægelsen, der sigter på arbejdernes kontrol med deres egne arbejdsvilkår.
These activities are an integral part of the movement aimed at workers' control of their own working conditions.
I de individuelle industrigrene driver fagforbundene og virksomheders branche kontorer også uddannelseskurser i industriproblemer.
In individual industries, the trade union federations and company branch offices also run training courses on industrial problems.
F. eks.:
For instance:
Landelijke Bedienden Centrale (de flamske kontorarbejderes fagforbund) arrangerer aftenkurser i arbejdsorganisation for dets aktive medlemmer.
The Landelijke Bedienden Centrale (Flemish clerical workers' union) organizes evening courses on work organization for the benefit of its active members.
I sit uddannelsesprogram for 1977/78 tilbød det meget store Centrale Chrétienne des Métallurgistes 17 kurser i forebyggende planlægningspolitik (sundhed og sikkerhed) og 12 i økonomisk demokratisering med specifik henvisning til demokratisering på værkstedsgulvet.
In its training programme for 1977/78, the very large Centrale Chrétienne des Métallurgistes offered 17 courses on preventive policies (health and safety) and 12 on industrial democratization, with specific reference to shop floor democratization.
På nationalt plan etablerede FGTB et uddanneleesinstitut for ca, et år siden. Dette instituts kurser omfatter emnet vedr. nye former for arbejdsorganisation.
At national level, the FGTB set up a training institute about a year ago; this institute includes the subject of new forms of work organization in its courses.
Selvom man håbede, at der hurtigt ville komme gang i dette nye etablissement, er dets indflydelse imidlertid blevet noget reduceret gennem de individuelle fagforeningers (centrales) og deres regionalkontorers autonomi, idet disse driver deres egne uddannelseskurser.
However, whereas it was hoped that this new establishment would quickly gain momentum, its influence is somewhat diminished by the autonomy of the individual trade unions (centrales) and their regional offices, which run their own training courses.
Centrale Générale, der dækker et stort antal industrigrene,inkl. den kemiske, bygge-, glas- og papirindustrien, har tilrettelagt et kursue i arbejdets men neskeliggørelse.
The Centrale Générale, which covers a large number of industries including the chemical, building, glass and paper industries, has designed a course on the humanization of work.
Det er hensigten at udvide og udbygge dette kursus i nærmeste fremtid med sigte på tillidsmænd.
It intends to expand and elaborate this course, which is intended for shop stewards, in the near future.
Centrale Métallurgistes har for nylig tilrettelagt videregående uddannelses kurser i emner, der omfatter arbejdets menneskeliggørelse i metalbearbejdningsbranchen.
The Centrale des Métallurgistes has recently organized courses of further training on subjects including the humanization of work in the metalworking industry.
Kurserne sigter på tillidsmænd og aktive fagforeningsmedlemmer, der allerede har modtaget en grunduddannelse·
These courses are intended for shop stewards and active union members who have already receive^ basic training.
Andre fagforeninger og regionalkontorer tilrettelægger også uddannelsesaktiviteter, men det var os ikke muligt at kontakte dem alle·
Other trade unions and regional offices also organize training activities, but it was not possible for us to contact all of them.
Det lønner sig også at nævne Fondation André Renard, et studie, informationsog uddannelsescenter, der er knyttet til FGTBs vallonske interregionalkontor.
Also worthy of mention is the Fondation André Renard, a research, study, information and training centre attached to the Walloon inter-regional office of the FGTB.
Det driver aftenkurser for-tillidsmænd og aktive fagforeningsmedlemmer.
It runs evening classes for shop stewards and active union members.
Et af kurserne beskæftiger sig direkte med det i denne rapport drøftede emne under betegnelsen: "Nye metoder for arbejdsorganisation, psykologiske og Bociale aspekter".
One of its courses deals directly with the subject discussed in this report, under the title of: "New Methods of Work Organization, Psychological and Social Aspects".
Desuden koncentrerer to særudgaver af dets bulletin (1)
Moreover, it has devoted two special issues of its Bulletin (1) and a one-day symposium (at Liege on 4 June, 1977) to new forms of work organization.
KAPITEL III; UDDANNELSE AF ARBEJDERE I FORBINDELSE MED EN ORGANISATIONSMÆSSIG ÆNDRING
CHAPTER III : TRAINING OF WORKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
I anden del af denne rapport ønsker vi ud fra to casestudier at give en detaljeret beskrivelse af nye former for arbejdsorganisation i belgiske virksomheder, hvorledes læreprocessen, associeret med de implicerede ændringer, finder sted og den praktiske rolle uddannelse spiller i denne proces.
In the second part of this report we shall give a detailed descrip­tion based on two case histories of the introduction of new forms of work organization in Belgian companies, of how the process of apprenticeship associated with the changes involved takes place and of the practical role played by training in this process.