natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For resten af personalet ønskede man at "sikre sig den bedste del af arbejdskraften uden dog at tømme de andre afdelinger for kvalificeret personale".
Union representatives have however proposed that management should give employees more information on these concepts, and management has done this.
Af referatet fra mødet fremgår, at følgende blev op lyst :
Job_content and_working_environment
- Forventede styktal pr. dag - Bemandingsbehov - Produktionslay-out - Fysisk placering af den nye afdeling - Planerne for indførelse af et EDB-baseret produktionstyrings system
Apart from the above-mentioned considerations relating to job demarcation, responsibility and versatility, management has given only limited explicit consideration to job content and the working environment in the new jobs.
På et følgende møde drøftedes faggrænseproblematikken på le delsens initiativ, og det blev oplyst fra ledelsen, at:
Many jobs, such as that of soldering machine operator, were relatively un changed compared with previous jobs, since technical development here has been concentrated on lowering the percentage of faults during the soldering of the close-set chips in order to reduce work on the correction of faults and to reduce throughput time for the product.
- Kravene til faglig viden vil være svingende - 80% af arbejdskraften skal være specielt tillærte - 20% vil være en form for konsulenter - Ingen må føle, at man ikke kan påtage sig andre opgaver end det, man er uddannet til - Der bliver tale om "multiopgaveløsning"
Checking (correction of faults) following the soldering process was also unchanged in principle, although it has been so affected by miniaturization that a magnifying glass very often has to be used to identify faults.
Der har tilsyneladende ikke rigtig været reageret fra tillidsrepræsentanternes side på disse informationer. De ufaglærte
The new jobs, or jobs substantially changed as a result of the new tech nology, were as follows: a. operator on the component-positioning machine; ° b. operator on the "in-circuit" testing equipment, as well as repair after testing; c. female assembly workers at the light-spot indication boards.
35 grupper så ikke nogen trussel i kravene om øget flexibilitet, og de faglærte elektronikmekanikere ønskede ikke at fastholde det noget rutineprægede arbejde, som nu blev erstattet af en automatiseret testoperation, som var beregnet på ufaglært arbejds kraft.
37 lthough the component-positioning machine was a prototype manufactured by he supplier to meet the firm's special requirements, nothing has been done y the firm to influence the machine's image in the eyes of the operator, r the form of automation selected.
De faglærtes tillidsrepræsentant så mulighed for en øget beskæftigelse af faglærte i produktionstekniske afdelinger og i afdelinger, som foretager speciel kundetilpasning på komplicerede radiosystemer.
Management considers any attempt to nfluence these circumstances to be difficult, since there are only four uppliers and the four machines available for selection are operationally dentical.
På tillidsrepræsentanternes initiativ indkaldte ledelsen en større kreds af ansatte til et kombineret informations- og rekrutteringsmøde, hvor ledelsen redegjorde for sine planer ved rørende layout, bemanding og arbejdsorganisation i den nye afdeling og opfordrede til at søge de nye job.
he testing equipment, on the other hand, was a general system for which the irm itself carried out the final programming and thus the formulation of he dialogue between operator and machine. The main criterion for the de ign of the operator-machine dialogue was to automate the test procedure as uch as possible so that the work became as simple as possible.
Det fremgik her, at man lagde stor vægt på, at den enkelte medarbejder skulle engageres i sin egen operation og i sin egen maskines drift og vedligeholdelse, samt at de kommende medarbejdere skulle være indstillet på at være flexible overfor skiftende arbejdsopgaver .
By this eans, testing and adjustment, previously taking skilled electronics engieers about half an hour, was now reduced to a few minutes'work by an unkilled worker.
Der synes at være en klar tendens i retning af en forskellig oplevelse af ændringerne som følge af ny teknik afhængig af, om man arbejder ved nøglemaskinerne, eller om man udfører de tilbageblevne ikke automatiserede funktioner i afdelingen.
These jobs are similar to previous assembly work in the firm, but ith the light-spot indication boards the manual location of components is ontrolled by automatic marking using a light spot on the printed circuit ard, whereas previously assembly was carried out from drawings.
Arbejdere ved nøglemaskiner (komponentplaceringsmaskine, loddemaskine og in-circuit-tester) synes bedst informerede på for hånd bl.a. gennem opsøgning af informationer hos ledelsen og gennem en grundigere oplæring.
11 in all, by far the majority of the jobs in the new department have trong traditional features, only a few of the jobs (reckoned in terms of he number of people employed on them) involving wholly new features.
Endelig har den store gruppe af fremmedsprogede arbejdere så godt som ikke modtaget information på forhånd, hvilket dels synes at være en følge af gruppens lave status, dels skyldes en tilbageholdenhed i opsøgningen af information hos denne gruppe.
Management's information to employees at the recruitment meeting mentioned above did not cover the issues of job content and the working environment, and interviews with a number of employees indicate that few of them had a clear advance idea of the jobs.
Den generelt positive holdning til ny teknik og den positive holdning til informationer i nøglepositionerne synes desuden at afspejle et rekrutteringsmønster, hvor ledelsen lagde vægt på at hverve de mest interesserede og motiverede personer til disse poster.
Several of them were therefore surprised at the number of manual jobs, since they had expected more machine operation. Most of them thought that the new work was simpler and called for fewer skills than before.
Derved er de personer, som faktisk bemander nøgleposterne, blevet personer, som har været interesserede i at suge viden til sig i indkøringsperioden, hvor teknikerne var til rådighed - og bruge denne viden til enten at skabe sig et mere interessant job end før ("dagen går hurtigt", "hyppig kontakt til kolleger og andre faggrupper") eller til at under støtte en løbebane (gå teknikervejen) i virksomheden.
This is particularly true of manual assembly work and work on the testing equipment. But work on the printed assembly machine is seen as demanding, because of the intensive monitoring necessary.
Arbejderne i afdelingen eller deres faglige repræsentanter har ikke haft nogen indflydelse på ledelsens valg af arbejdsorganisation eller rekrutteringsfilosofi, og disse emner har til syneladende heller ikke været drøftet mellem parterne.
None of those interviewed, however, wished to return to their former jobs. This was mainly because they were experiencing an improved spirit of solidarity and more mutual assistance in the new department.
Til lidsrepræsentanterne har derimod foreslået, at ledelsen skul le informere bredere til de ansatte om disse idéer, hvilket ledelsen har gjort.
Finally, the uncertain employment situation in the old depart ments was of considerable significance in evaluating the actual work.
Jobindhold og arbejdsmiljø
There have also been complaints about draughts, lighting and fumes from the glueing processes.
Udover de ovenfor nævnte overvejelser om jobgrænser, an svar og flexibilitet har ledelsen kun i ringe udstrækning ta get eksplicit hensyn til jobindholdet og arbejdsmiljøet i de nye job.
The affair has given rise to anxiety among employees in the department that special risks may be associated with the new process of soldering glued components.
Revisionsarbejdet (fejlretningen) efter loddeprocessen var i princippet også uforandret, men dog påvirket af miniaturiseringen, således at
The great majority of workers in the department gained a clear picture of the new jobs only when they were recruited, when they started work, or
37 der i vid udstrækning må bruges lup for at se fejlene.
39 during the running-in period.
Af nye eller væsentligt ændrede job som følge af ny teknologi var der:
Management later altered the layout, erected noise screens and in troduced local ventilation.
Selv om komponentplaceringsmaskinen var en prototyope, som blev fremstillet af leverandøren bl.a. med det formål at opfylde virksomhedens specielle krav, har man ikke fra virksomhedens side gjort noget ud af at påvirke maskinens ansigt overfor operatøren eller den valgte automatisering. En påvirkning af disse forhold bedømmes af ledelsen som vanskelig, idet der kun var fire leverandører, og at disse fire maskiner, man kunne vælge imellem, betjeningsmæssigt var ens.
They were not, however, included in the consideration of questions relating to job content and working en vironment before production was commenced.
Testudstyret var derimod et generelt system, hvor virksomheden selv foretog den afsluttende programmering og dermed udformningen af dialogen mellem operatør og maskine.
Taken together, the conclusion must be that the workers in the new depart ment exerted no influence on job content or working environment during the planning of their future work, either directly or indirectly through their union representatives.
Hovedkriteriet for udformningen af operatør-maskindialogen var at automatisere mest muligt af testproceduren for at gøre arbejdet så en kelt som muligt. Derved kunne den afprøvning og justering, som faglærte elektronikmekanikere tidligere udførte på ca. h time, nu reduceres til få minutters arbejde for en ufaglært arbejder.
The modest degree of influence they have had re lates only to solving the most immediate environmental problems after pro duction had commenced.
Disse job ligner tidligere montagearbejde i virksomheden, men ved lyspletindikeringsbordene styres den manuelle placering af komponenterne af en automatisk markering ved hjælp af en lysplet på printkortet, hvor montagen tidligere foregik på basis af tegninger.
Union representatives consider that in general the firm's technology commit tee has been useful, since more time could be given to requesting and re ceiving information from management, which in turn meant that things could be discussed in greater detail than at works council meetings.
Derved mindskes oplæringstiden, og styktiden sænkes p.g.a. forenklingen af arbejdsoperationen.
It is recognized that this has not gone beyond receiving information from manage ment, and that it has been difficult to evaluate the information and to discover how to use it.
Alt i alt har langt de fleste job i den nye afdeling stærkt traditionelle træk, medens få af jobbene (regnet i det beskæftigede antal personer i disse job) indeholder helt nye træk.
In general, management has not been reluctant to provide the information re quested, but as one of the union representatives said: "If we don't know management's long-term plans, we don't know what to ask questions about."
Virksomhedens teknologiudvalg behandlede spørgsmål af betydning for det fremtidige arbejdsmiljø på dets første egentlige møde, som fandt sted i den periode, hvor valget af maskiner fandt sted.
Management for its part has formed somewhat the same impression, since there has been a lack of opposition in the technology committee.
Ledelsens udredning (ved produktionsdirektøren og fabrikschefen) samt spørgsmålene fra tillidsrepræsentanterne handlede næsten udelukkende om den nye montageteknik, hvorimod testudstyret ikke blev behandlet.
Manage ment feels that there have been quite large savings in the labour content of the new product, and it cannot determine whether the lack of reaction is caused by a general acceptance of developments or whether reaction is con sciously withheld.
Produktionschefen gav udtryk for, at indførelsen af ny teknik ville medføre øgede krav til kvalifikationer, og at arbejdet ville blive mere interessant. "Opgaven vil blive at opbygge en radio, ikke kun at placere komponenter".
On balance, the trade union side is satisfied with the information it has received, and it is waiting for running-in to be completed before taking up a position on the consequences of the new technology as regards job content and working environment.
Fra tillidsrepræsentanternes side understregedes vigtigheden af, at arbejdsmiljøet sikredes, og man spurgte især til et evt. arbejdspres og støjforholdene ved maskinen, som skulle placere 5000 komponenter på ca. 20 printplader i timen.
In addition to this, a study group continues to work on the consequences of the new technology in order to improve evaluation of those consequences and to take steps to counteract them.
Ledelsen indrømmede, der kunne blive et problem med støjen, og man blev enige om at indhente oplysninger om begge de nævnte forhold fra en anden virksomhed, som havde montage maskiner med tilsvarende arbejdshastigheder i drift.
Behind the decision to train themselves to assess the consequences of the new tech nology is the recognition that it is preferable to bring these implications into focus through the spectacles of the trade union movement and not those of the firm's management, and that it would be unrealistic to bring the trade union movement's own consultants into the firm.
Ledelsen stillede i udsigt, at man i givet fald ville foretage en af skærmning omkring maskinen for at imødegå støjproblemet.
The employers have a right to veto such a wish, and union representatives also believe that management would be more reluctant to give information to a consultant working on behalf of the trade union movement.
Ledelsens information til de ansatte på det tidligere omtalte rekrutteringsmøde omfattede ikke de jobindholds- eller arbejds miljømæssige problemstillinger, og interviews med et udsnit af de ansatte i den nye afdeling tyder på, at kun et fåtal havde et klart billede af jobbene i forvejen.
Management foresaw at an early date the potential problems that might arise from implementation of its own plans, and it has actively sought to inform the various groups in order to discover whether opposition might be expected to certain aspects of the changes anticipated, for example in relation to work organization.
Flere var således overrasket over, at der var så mange manuelle arbejdsopgaver, idet de havde regnet med, der ville være mere maskinbetjening.
Management has also helped to ensure through its recruitment policy that reaction to the new technology is positive.
De fleste bedømte det nye arbejde som mere enkelt og mindre kvalifikationskrævende end tidligere.
The local trade unions have not, however, made active use of the information provided by management to identify possible problems because they pre ferred to wait until running-in was completed before taking up a position on the new jobs.
Dette gælder især det manuelle montagearbejde og arbejdet ved testudstyret.
Receiving information at an early stage has consequently been of only limited use to the local trade unions.
Arbejdet ved printmontagemaskinen bedømmes dog som krævende i kraft af den krævede intensive overvågning.
The information has assisted primarily in reducing uncertainty about the innovations, and has as yet resulted in no significant exercise of influence.
Fra faglig side er man alt i alt tilfreds med den information, man har fået og afventer afslutningen af indkøringen, før man tager stilling til konsekvenser af den ny teknologi m.h.t. job indhold og arbejdsmiljø.
The failure of the trade union representatives to make use of the information provided by management appears to arise from the following circumstances: stances: a.
Derudover fortsættes en studiekreds om konsekvenserne af ny teknologi, således at man selv bliver bedre til at bedømme disse konsekvenser og tage skridt til at modvirke dem.
The information was not available until after the crucial selection of key machines had been made.
Derved har klubberne kun haft en begrænset nytte af den tidlige information.
At the technology committee's sixth meeting - after management had given information on the new form of production at the preceding meetings - the local unions' proposal for a local agreement was discussed.
Informationen har primært bidraget til at formindske usikkerheden overfor det nye, og den har ikke ført til større indflydelse indtil nu.
Management found that the proposal involved an amendment to Article k of the main agreement on management's rights, and it considered that the framework agreement's provisions in amplification of the cooperation agreement were sufficient for discussion of technology issues.
De faglige repræsentanters manglende udnyttelse af adgangen til informationer fra ledelsen synes at skyldes følgende for hold:
Following discussion in the committee, during which union representatives - according to the subsequent assessment of both parties - employed a kind of "all or nothing" strategy, the proposal was in practice withdrawn for the time being.
- Informationerne var først til rådighed, efter de afgørende valg angående nøglemaskinerne var truffet. Valg af rekrutteringspolitik og arbejdsorganisation var dog endnu ikke truffet fet
The reason why management was let off so lightly on the proposal for a local agreement is probably that: a. no attempt was made to negotiate on isolated points one at a time» ie on specific points instead of on the general demands put fcsrwsni; b. management had in fact succeeded in achieving a large part of its mm objective, which was to bring to light possible later oppositio* influence discussion of the technology among hourly-p & iîî. wwrifc©rs%
På teknologiudvalgets 6. møde - efter at ledelsen på de foregående møder havde informeret om den nye produktion - behandledes klubbernes forslag til lokalaftale.
The conclusion of the framework agreement and the setting up of a technology committee within the firm's works council system have removed the discussion of technology from the local unions' initiative and control.
Ledelsen fandt, at forslaget indebar en ændring af Hovedaftalens § 4 om ledelses retten og mente, at Rammeaftalens bestemmelser i forlængelse af Samarbejdsaftalen var tilstrækkelige til at diskutere teknologispørgsmålene. Efter en diskussion i udvalget, hvor de faglige repræsentanter - efter begge parters senere vurderinger - anvendte en slags "alt eller intet" strategi, blev for slaget i praksis trukket tilbage indtil videre.
The potential strength that was to be found initially in the local unions' internal discussion of new technology and technology agreements, which greatly contributed to management's agreeing to the setting up of a tech nology committee, has probably faded as a result of the local unions' passive reception of the information provided by management.
Med indgåelsen af Rammeaftalen og nedsættelsen af et teknologiudvalg indenfor virksomhedens samarbejdsudvalgssystem er teknologidiskussionen blevet fjernet fra de faglige klubbers
It is therefore questionable whether the local unions can use the experience they have gained to move on a stage further the next time new technology is planned within the firm.
Det er således et spørgsmål, om de faglige klubber kan anvende den indvundne erfaring til at komme et skridt videre næste gang, der skal planlægges ny teknologi i virksomheden.
Introduction Production, organization and employment Situation regarding cooperation and technology agreements The planning process Discussion of selected topics Summary
Casen beskriver indførelsen af en CNC-styret revolverstansemaskine i en pladeafdeling i en elektronikvirksomhed. Anskaffelsen af denne maskine var den største enkelt investering i produktionen i en lang periode, og der blev derfor gjort meget ud af planlægningsarbejdet.
This case study describes the introduction of a CNC-controlled revolving punching machine in a plate department of an electronics firm.
Samtidig blev anskaffelsen af stansemaskinen en slags prøve på det traditionelle samarbejdssystems evne til at behandle teknologispørgsmål.
At the same time, purchase of the punching machine was a kind of test of the ability of the traditional cooperation system to cope with technology issues.
Produktion, organisation og beskæftigelse
Production, organization and employment
Virksomheden producerer elektrokemiske måleinstrumenter.
The firm manufactures electrochemical measuring instruments.
97% af produktionen eksporteres med hovedvægten på det europæiske og nordamerikanske marked.
Some 97$ of production is exported, the main emphasis being on the European and North American markets.
Virksomheden har gennem 27 år op retholdt en nicheproduktion af et bestemt måleudstyr.
The firm has maintained its niche in the production of certain measuring equipment for 27 years.
De konkurrerende virksomheder har produktion af dette udstyr som en lille del af et stort produktsortiment, medens den samme pro dukttype tegner sig for hovedparten af salget i denne virksom hed.
Competing firms manufacture this equipment as a small part of a large product range, whereas the same type of product accounts for the bulk of the sales of this firm.
På højprisudstyret er virksomheden markedsførende og dækker 40-50% af verdensmarkedet.
The firm is the market leader in high-priced equipment, and covers ¿10-50$ of the world market.
Denne position opretholdes først og fremmest gennem en satsning på forskning og udvikling, som udgør 15-20% af omsætningen.
This position is maintained primarily by concentrating on research and development, which account for 15-20$ of turnover.
Virksomheden er 100% danskejet og startede i 1937 med et par ansatte og beskæftiger i dag ca. 950 personer i Danmark.
The firm is 100$ Danish-owned, and started up in 1937 with a few employees. It now employs about 950 people in Denmark.
Der udover er der ca. 200 personer beskæftiget i datterselskaber -som udelukkende varetager salg og service - i udlandet.
In addition, some 200 people are employed iri foreign subsidiaries, which are responsible exclusively for sales and service.
Den største vækst i omsætningen lå i perioden op til 1973.
The greatest growth in turnover was in the period up to 1973· Since the oil crisis and the onset of the general stagnation in the world economy in 1973, quantity sales have remained static.
Siden oliekrisen og den generelle stagnation i verdensøkonomien satte ind i 1973, har salget i mængder været stagnerende.
In indivi dual years, however, sales have fluctuated somewhat in step with economic conditions and the resulting fluctuations in public expenditure.
Salget i det enkelte år har dog svinget noget i takt med konjunkturerne og de deraf følgende udsving i de offentlige budgetter.
In the last few years, the firm has shown a substantial surplus and a turn over of about Dkr *KX) million (budget for I983)· Since only about 25$ of costs are unit costs, ie materials and direct labour, and 75$ of costs con sist of various overheads and investment costs, the surplus is very sensitive to fluctuations in sales.
Et omfattende salgsnet kombineret med en relativ lang leveringstid har forstærket svingningerne i efterspørgslen.
A comprehensive sales network combined with a relatively long delivery time has increased the fluctuations in demand.
I forbindelse med virksomhedens politik om ikke at ligge inde med store lagre af færdige apparater har dette ført til udsving i pro duktionsplanerne .
In the context of the firm's policy of not holding large stocks of finished instruments, this has led to fluctuating production plans.
Beskæftigelsen af timelønnede har herved svinget op til 30% set over en årrække på 8 år.
Employment of hourly-paid staff has therefore fluctuated by up to 30$ over a period of eight years.
Hvor de mindre udsving i beskæftigelsen klares ved naturlig afgang, foretages der afskedigelser ved større udsving.
Although minor fluctuations in employment can be covered by natural wastage, larger fluctuations lead to dismissals.
I første halvdel af 1983 afskedigedes således 10% af arbejdsstyrken i produktionen.
In the first half of I983, 10$ of the workforce engaged in production were there fore dismissed.