natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Forbindelsen mellem en patient og en person, der yder tandpleje, overskrider efter min mening i intensitet tilknytningen til et produkt, som blot skyldes forbrugervaner.
In my opinion, the relationship between a patient and a treatment provider is stronger than the relationship with a product, which results merely from consumer habits.
Relationen i sundhedssektoren er baseret på patientens tillid til den person, der yder behandlingen, eller behandlingsstedet, og den vedrører ydelser, for hvilke kvalitetskravet er klart højere.
In the healthcare sector, that relationship is based on the patient’s trust in the service provider as an individual or in a healthcare establishment and the need for quality in respect of such services is clearly of the highest.
Denne tillid bygger oprindelig på fagpersonens eller behandlingsstedets ry, og generelt forstærkes den i takt med, at patienten modtager sundhedsydelser.
That trust is based initially on the reputation of the professional or the healthcare establishment and, in general, the more treatment the patient receives, the more that trust is strengthened.
Jeg mener derfor, at adgangen til markedet i sundhedssektoren i en medlemsstat for en erhvervsdrivende, en fysisk eller juridisk person med oprindelse i en anden medlemsstat afgjort er vanskeligere end adgangen til andre erhverv, såsom bankvirksomhed eller forsikring, hvor indsatsen trods alt er mindre, og hvor tillidsforholdet mellem tjenesteyderen og modtageren ikke har samme betydning.
That is why I take the view that access to the healthcare market in a Member State by a professional, whether a natural or a legal person, from another Member State is without doubt even more difficult than access to other activities such as banking or insurance, in which the risks are not as high and the relationship of trust between the service provider and the recipient does not have the same importance.
Dette kravsniveau i sundhedssektoren er bl.a. kommet til udtryk ved, at sundhedserhvervene traditionelt har været stærkt lovreguleret i medlemsstaterne.
The need for such a high level of quality in the healthcare sector is reflected, in particular, in the fact that the healthcare professions have traditionally been highly regulated in the various Member States.
Denne omfattende regulering har i øvrigt medført, at fællesskabslovgiver inden for dette erhvervsområde har vedtaget de første sektorspecifikke direktiver vedrørende den nødvendige anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser for at udøve disse erhverv og harmonisering af den nødvendige uddannelse for at opnå disse eksamensbeviser 55.
Moreover, it was that extensive regulation which prompted the Community legislature to adopt in that field the first sectoral directives on recognition of the qualifications needed to exercise those professions and on harmonisation of the training required in order to obtain those qualifications. 55
Forbuddet mod enhver form for reklame, der kan fremme afsætningen af sådanne behandlingstjenesteydelser, forekommer mig at kunne være til større ulempe for erhvervsdrivende med oprindelse i andre medlemsstater end for tjenesteydere i værtsmedlemsstaten.
Consequently, I consider that a ban on all advertising to promote the provision of healthcare services is indeed liable to create a greater obstacle for professionals from other Member States than for those from the host Member State.
En medlemsstats lov som loven af 1958 udgør derfor efter min opfattelse en restriktion i artikel 43 EF’s forstand.
A law of a Member State such as the Law of 1958 therefore constitutes, in my opinion, a restriction within the meaning of Article 43 EC.
Sundheden er således et område, hvor den frie bevægelighed for erhvervsdrivende
Healthcare is therefore a sector in which the free movement of professionals has
55 — Den første sektorspecifikke ordning for anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser blev vedtaget for læger i 1975.
55 — The first sectoral scheme on the mutual recognition of qualifications was adopted in respect of doctors in 1975.
Den blev fulgt af fem andre sektorspecifikke ordninger, der blev vedtaget mellem 1977 og 1985, vedrørende sygeplejersker med ansvar for den almene sundheds- og sygepleje, tandlæger med direktiv 78/686 og 78/687, dyrlæger, jordemødre og farmaceuter.
It was followed by five other sectoral schemes, adopted between 1977 and 1985, concerning nurses responsible for general care and dental practitioners, in the form of Directives 78/686 and 78/687, and veterinary surgeons, midwives and pharmacists.
Disse direktiver blev ophævet og erstattet af direktiv 2005/36.
Those directives were repealed and replaced by Directive 2005/36.
En sådan foranstaltning kan ligeledes vurderes som en restriktion for den frie udveksling af grænseoverskridende tjenesteydelser.
Such a measure may also be regarded as a restriction on the freedom to provide crossborder services.
FORSLAG TIL AFGØRELSE FRA GENERALADVOKAT BOT — SAG C-446/05 forbuddet mod, at personer, der yder tandpleje, gør nogen som helst reklame for tandpleje.
OPINION OF MR BOT — CASE C-446/05
Artikel 49 EF, ligesom artikel 43 EF, kræver ophævelse af enhver restriktion for den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser, også selv om den gælder uden forskel for såvel indenlandske tjenesteydere som tjenesteydere fra andre medlemsstater, når den kan være til hinder for eller indebære ulemper for den virksomhed, som udøves af en tjenesteyder med hjemsted i en anden medlemsstat, hvor denne lovligt præsterer tilsvarende tjenesteydelser.
Article 49 EC, like Article 43 EC, requires the abolition of any restriction on the freedom to provide services, even if that restriction applies to national providers of services and to those of other Member States alike, when it is liable to prohibit or otherwise impede the activities of providers of services established in another Member State where they lawfully provide similar services. Moreover, the freedom to provide services is enjoyed by both providers and recipients of services.
Desuden omfatter den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser både tjenesteydere og modtagere af tjenesteydelser 56.
56 of any kind by service providers in the dental care sector was adopted.
Forbuddet mod at gøre nogen som helst reklame vedrørende tandpleje, sådan som det er fastsat ved lov af 1958, fratager tjenesteydere på reklameområdet, der er etableret i andre medlemsstater end Belgien, muligheden for at tilbyde deres tjenesteydelser til erhvervsdrivende, der er etableret i denne medlemsstat.
The ban on advertising of any kind in the dental care sector, as provided for by the Law of 1958, deprives providers of advertising services established in Member States other than Belgium of the possibility of offering their services to professionals established in that Member State.
Den forhindrer ligeledes erhvervsdrivende som Ioannis Doulamis i at benytte sig af sådanne tjenesteyderes tjenesteydelser.
It also prevents professionals such as Mr Doulamis from using the services of such providers.
I det følgende skal det undersøges, om restriktionen kan begrundes.
It is now appropriate to examine whether that restriction may be justified.
I samme retning har den italienske regering henvist til bestemmelserne i direktiv 2001/83, som forbyder at gøre reklame over for offentligheden for receptpligtige lægemidler, og som tillader medlemsstaterne at forbyde reklame for tilskudsberettigede lægemidler.
Similarly, the Italian Government has made reference to the provisions of Directive 2001/83 which prohibit the advertising to the general public of medicinal products which are available on medical prescription only and which authorise the Member States to ban advertising of medicinal products the cost of which may be reimbursed.
Den italienske regering har udledt af disse bestemmelser, at medlemsstaterne havde ret til at forbyde enhver form for reklame inden for de områder af sundhedssektoren, hvor dette spørgsmål ikke havde været genstand for nogen harmoniseringsforanstaltning.
It inferred from those provisions that the Member States were entitled to prohibit all advertising in those healthcare sectors in which that question had not been the subject of harmonisation measures.
Den belgiske regering har anført de grunde, der har ført til vedtagelsen af
The Belgian Government has set out the reasons for which the ban on advertising
56 — Dom af 13.7.2004, sag C-262/02, Kommissionen mod Frankrig, Sml. I, s. 6569, præmis 22 og den deri nævnte retspraksis.
56 — Case C-262/02 Commission v France [2004] ECR I-6569, paragraph 22 and the caselaw cited.
Ifølge den italienske regering skal oplysninger til offentligheden inden for sundhedssektoren foretages fra objektive kilder, og reklame, der gøres af de personer, der yder den pågældende sundhedstjeneste, opfylder ikke denne objektivitetsbetingelse.
According to the Italian Government, information provided to the public in the healthcare sector must come from objective sources and advertising carried out by the service providers themselves would not fulfil that requirement of objectivity.
DOULAMIS forbuddet mod begrænsninger af bevægelsesfrihederne 58.
DOULAMIS freedoms of movement.
Beskyttelsen af den offent- lige sundhed figurerer endvidere blandt de tvingende almene hensyn, der kan begrunde restriktioner mod udøvelsen af de traktatsikrede bevægelsesfriheder 59.
58The protection of public health is also one of the overriding reasons relating to the general interest which are capable of justifying restrictions on the freedoms of movement guaranteed by the Treaty. 59
Ligesom den belgiske og den italienske regering er jeg af den opfattelse, at medlemsstaterne har ret til at forbyde personer, der yder tandpleje, at gøre offentlig reklame for deres ydelser, hvis dette forbud reelt er begrænset til fremme heraf. Jeg bygger denne vurdering på følgende betragtninger.
In the same way as the Belgian and Italian Governments, I am of the opinion that Member States are entitled to prohibit dental care providers from advertising their services to the general public where that prohibition is limited to the promotion of those services.
Det er ligeledes ubestrideligt, at den anden betingelse, som kræves i henhold til retspraksis, også er opfyldt.
It is also indisputable that the second condition required by caselaw is also fulfilled.
Forbuddet mod, at personer, der yder tandpleje, gør nogen som helst offentlig reklame for deres ydelser, er egnet til at forhindre dem i at foretage propaganda, som kunne skade patienternes tillid til dem ved at påvirke deres erhvervs værdighed og således ødelægge behandlingens kvalitet.
The ban prohibiting service providers from engaging in advertising of any kind of their services to the general public is indeed intended to prevent them from engaging in advertising activities which might undermine the trust which their patients place in them, by detracting from the dignity of their profession and thus compromising the quality of care.
Det følger af fast retspraksis, at en restriktion for udøvelsen af bevægelsesfrihederne, som følger af en national foranstaltning, som finder anvendelse uden forskel, kan være berettiget, hvis den er begrundet i tvingende almene hensyn, for så vidt som den er egnet til at sikre virkeliggørelsen af det formål, den forfølger, og ikke går ud over, hvad der er nødvendigt for at opnå formålet 57.
In accordance with settled caselaw, a restriction on the exercise of the freedoms of movement resulting from a national measure which is applicable without distinction may be justified where it serves overriding requirements relating to the public interest, is suitable for securing the attainment of the objective it pursues and does not go beyond what is necessary in order to attain it. 57
Sagens centrale spørgsmål er således i realiteten, om et sådant forbud er uforholdsmæssigt i forhold til sådanne formål eller med andre ord, om disse formål kan opnås lige så effektivt ved mindre restriktive foranstaltninger.
The question at the centre of the present case is therefore, in actual fact, whether such a prohibition is disproportionate in relation to such objectives or, in other words, whether those objectives may be achieved just as effectively by measures which are less restrictive.
Dette gælder så meget mere, som der allerede på tidspunktet for de faktiske omstændigheder, som påtales i hovedsagen,
That question is particularly apposite given that, at the time of the conduct complained of in the main proceedings, there
Den første af disse betingelser er klart opfyldt.
The first of those conditions is clearly fulfilled.
Beskyttelsen af den offentlige sundhed nævnes rent faktisk blandt de hensyn, der kan begrunde en diskriminerende foranstaltning mod statsborgere fra andre medlemsstater.
The protection of public health is cited as one of the grounds capable of justifying a measure which discriminates against nationals of other Member States.
Domstolen har i den forbindelse fastslået, at menneskers liv og helbred indtager den vigtigste plads blandt de hensyn, der er beskyttet i henhold til traktatbestemmelserne om mulige undtagelser til
The Court has held, in this regard, that the health and life of humans rank foremost among the property or interests protected by the Treaty provisions providing for possible derogations from the prohibition of restrictions on the
57 — Dom i CaixaBank France-sagen, præmis 17 og den deri nævnte retspraksis.
57 — CaixaBank France, paragraph 17 and the caselaw cited.
FORSLAG TIL AFGØRELSE FRA GENERALADVOKAT BOT — SAG C-446/05 fandtes fællesskabsretsakter, hvis formål var at beskytte forbrugere mod alt for mange reklamer, navnlig mod vildledende reklamer og fjernsynsreklamer, der kunne tilskynde til sundhedsskadelig adfærd.
OPINION OF MR BOT — CASE C-446/05 were already Community measures in place which sought to protect consumers against excessive advertising, in particular against misleading advertising and television advertising which might encourage behaviour prejudicial to health.
meget der står på spil, har patienten ikke, når han skal beslutte, om han vil benytte sig af behandlingsydelsen eller ej, samme frie vilje som i forbindelse med andre tjenesteydelser.
protection of his life. Bearing in mind the importance of what is thus at stake, when having to decide whether or not to avail himself of treatment, the patient does not have the same freedom of choice as he does with other services.
Når patienten benytter sig af en behandlingsydelse, tilfredsstiller han ikke en lyst, men reagerer på en nødvendighed.
When he avails himself of treatment, the patient is not satisfying a desire but responding to a need.
At denne lovgivning fandtes, fører mig derfor til at undersøge, om beskyttelsen af den offentlige sundhed og af erhvervets værdighed kan berettige et forbud mod, at ydere af tandpleje gør reklame på samme betingelser som en hvilken som helst anden tjenesteyder, dvs. fremmer afsætningen af deres tjenesteydelser ved enhver form for tilkendegivelse for at tilskynde forbrugeren til at erhverve dem.
The existence of that legislation therefore prompts me to examine whether the protection of public health and the protection of the dignity of the profession are capable of justifying a ban prohibiting dental care providers from engaging in advertising in the same way as for any other service provider, that is to say by promoting their services through any form of communication in order to encourage the consumer to purchase them.
Det drejer sig endvidere om at få oplyst, om disse grunde kan berettige et forbud mod enhver form for offentlig reklame.
It must also be ascertained whether those grounds are capable of justifying a ban on any form of advertising to the general public.
For det andet udgør tandpleje ligesom alle aktiviteter på sundhedsområdet et af de områder, hvor niveauet for »asymmetrisk information« mellem tjenesteudbyderen og modtageren af tjenesteydelser ifølge det af Kommissionen anvendte udtryk i dens ovennævnte rapport om konkurrencen inden for de liberale erhverv 60, er højest.
In the second place, the dental care sector, as with all activities in the healthcare sector, is one in which, in my opinion, the degree of ‘asymmetry of information’ between the provider and the recipient of the service, to adopt the expression used by the Commission in its abovementioned Report on Competition in Professional Services, 60is at its highest.
Dette betyder, at tjenesteudbyderen inden for sit aktivitetsområde råder over et meget højere kompetenceniveau end modtageren, således at denne ikke er i stand til reelt at vurdere kvaliteten af den tjenesteydelse, han køber.
This means that, in his area of activity, the service provider has a level of competence which is very much higher than that of the recipient, so that the latter is not in a position to make a genuine assessment of the quality of the service he is purchasing.
Jeg mener, at beskyttelsen af den offentlige sundhed kan begrunde et forbud mod enhver form for tillokkende eller tilskyndende kommunikation over for offentligheden, og dette af følgende grunde.
I take the view that the protection of public health is capable of justifying a ban on any form of communication which offers enticements or incentives to the general public for the following reasons.
I betragtning af denne asymmetri i kompetenceniveau og af, hvor meget der står på spil for patienten, når han skal beslutte, om han skal benytte sig af en behandlingsydelse eller ej, mener jeg, at tillidsforholdet mellem patienten og medlemmet af et
Consequently, taking into account that asymmetry in the level of competence and the significance to the patient of the decision whether or not to avail himself of healthcare services, I consider that the relationship of trust between the patient and the healthcare professional is a vital one. In other
For det første er behandlingsydelser ikke det samme som de øvrige tjenesteydelser.
In the first place, healthcare services differ from other services.
De har virkning for modtagerens fysiske integritet og på hans psykiske ligevægt.
They affect the physical integrity and psychological balance of the recipient.
En patient, der benytter sig af dem, har endvidere et reelt behov, som har at gøre med helbredelse og i givet fald beskyttelse af vedkommendes liv. I betragtning af, hvor
Moreover, a patient who avails himself of those services is responding to a genuine need related to the restoration of his health and, in some cases, the
medlemsstaterne at afgøre, på hvilket niveau de vil sikre beskyttelsen af den offentlige sundhed, og hvorledes de vil nå deres mål, naturligvis under overholdelse af proportionalitetsprincippet 61, er det min opfattelse, at et sådant forbud ikke er i strid med artikel 43 EF og 49 EF.
words, it must be possible for the patient to be convinced that, when that practitioner advises or recommends that he follow a course of treatment, the reasons for that advice or recommendation relate solely to the protection of his health.
Dette forbud kan dog ikke være ubegrænset.
That prohibition cannot, however, be unlimited.
Udøvelsen af virksomheden for personer, der yder tandpleje, ligesom for de andre medlemmer af sundhedserhvervene, kræver naturligvis, at offentligheden kan have kendskab til deres eksistens.
In order for dental care providers, as well as other healthcare professionals, to be able to pursue their activities, the public must be aware of their existence.
Dette indebærer, at offentligheden kan have kendskab til tjenesteudbyderens, den fysiske eller juridiske persons identitet, de ydelser, han har ret til at yde, stedet hvor han udøver dem, konsultationstiderne såvel som måden, hvorpå han kan kontaktes, såsom telefon- og faxnummer eller en internetadresse.
This means that the public must have some way of knowing the identity of the service provider, be that a natural or a legal person, the services which he is permitted to provide, the place where he provides them, his hours of business and contact details, such as telephone and fax numbers or an internet address.
I en sådan situation kunne patienten med rette frygte, at når behandleren råder ham til eller anbefaler ham at benytte sig af en behandlingsydelse, er dette råd eller denne anbefaling i det mindste delvist begrundet i behandlerens økonomiske interesse.
In such circumstances, the patient might legitimately fear that, when the practitioner advises or recommends that he follow a course of treatment, that advice or recommendation is motivated, at least in part, by the economic interests of the practitioner.
Patienten kunne så relativere værdien af dette råd eller denne anbefaling og således bringe sin helbredstilstand i fare ved at afvise eller udsætte den foreslåede ydelse.
The patient might then reassess the value of that advice or recommendation and thus compromise his state of health by refusing or deferring the treatment proposed.
Offentlighedens adgang til sådanne objektive oplysninger er nødvendig for gennemførelsen af fri bevægelighed for erhvervsdrivende i sundhedssektoren.
Public access to such factual information is therefore necessary in order to put into effect the free movement of healthcare professionals.
Det fremmer desuden en bedre beskyttelse af den offentlige sundhed ved at fremme patienternes mobilitet inden for Den Europæiske
It also helps to improve the protection of public health by facilitating patient mobility within the Union. Developments in the Court’s caselaw since the judg-
61 — Jf. i denne retning dom af 25.7.1991, forenede sager C-1/90 og C-176/90, Aragonesa de Publicidad Exterior og Publivía, Sml. I, s. 4151, præmis 16.
61 — See, to that effect, Joined Cases C-1/90 and C-176/90 Aragonesa de Publicidad Exterior and Publivía [1991] ECR I-4151, paragraph 16.
Jeg er følgelig af den opfattelse, at beskyttelsen af den offentlige sundhed kan udgøre en gyldig begrundelse for at forbyde personer, der yder tandpleje, at gøre nogen som helst offentlig reklame for at fremme deres ydelser. For så vidt som det i mangel af fælles eller harmoniserede regler om reklame vedrørende tandpleje tilkommer
Consequently, I am of the opinion that the protection of public health may properly justify a ban prohibiting dental care providers from engaging in any form of advertising to the general public to promote their services.
Det påhviler den nationale ret at vurdere, om de annoncer, som Ioannis Doulamis har indrykket i Belgacoms telefonbog i den foreliggende sag, overskrider denne grænse, navnlig i forhold til udformningen af annoncerne og af angivelser som »Øjeblikkelig reparation inden for en time«, »Gratis eftersyn og rådgivning«, »Personlig service« og »Afhentning hos kunden«.
It is for the national court to assess whether, in the case at issue, the advertisements which Mr Doulamis placed in the Belgacom telephone directory fall outside that limitation, in the light, in particular, of the manner in which those advertisements were presented and details such as ‘Immediate one-hour repairs’, ‘Free check-ups and consultations’, ‘Personal service’ and ‘Home visits’.
sagen viser, at patienterne i stigende grad søger behandling i andre medlemsstater.
ments in Decker 62and Kohll demonstrate that patients are increasingly seeking healthcare in other Member States.
Denne tendens er begrundet i forskellige hensyn.
There are several reasons for that trend.
De kan således ville drage fordel af en behandling, som koster mindre, eller af ydelser, der ikke findes i deres bopælsmedlemsstat, eller de kan ønske at blive behandlet hurtigere end dér.
They may, for example, wish to benefit from less expensive healthcare or treatments which do not exist in their State of residence, or they may wish to be treated more quickly than in the State of residence.
Denne patientmobilitet bidrager ligeledes til beskyttelse af den offentlige sundhed ved, at den gør det muligt at få adgang til bredere behandlingsmuligheder end i deres medlemsstat.
This mobility, in giving patients access to a wider range of healthcare than is available in their Member State, also contributes to the protection of public health.