natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
artikelnummeret for den bestemmelse, der med Amsterdam-traktatens ikrafttræden erstattede traktatens artikel 119.
Do the pensions provided by the French retirement pension scheme for civil servants constitute pay within the meaning of Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome (now Article 141 of the Treaty establishing the European Community)?
Det er intet i forelæggelsesbeslutningen, der giver mulighed for at konkludere, at Conseil d'État har ønsket at stille Domstolen et spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af artikel 141 EF, herunder navnlig stk. 4.
If so, in the light of the requirements of paragraph 3 of Article 6 of the Agreement annexed to Protocol No 14 on Social Policy, is the principle of equal pay breached by the provisions of Article L. 12(b) of the Civil and Military Retirement Pensions Code?
Såfremt Rom-traktatens artikel 119 ikke finder anvendelse, er bestemmelserne i direktiv 79/7/EØF af 19. december 1978 til hinder for, at Frankrig opretholder bestemmelser som artikel L.12, litra b), i code des pensions civiles et militaires de retraite?«
If Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome is not applicable, do the provisions of Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 prevent France from maintaining in force provisions such as Article L. 12(b) of the Civil and Military Retirement Pensions Code?'
Den tidsmæssige anvendelse af de fællesskabsretlige bestemmelser, der er omtalt i det første spørgsmål
The application ratione temporis of the Community provisions referred to in the first question
Den franske regering har anført, at aftalen om social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken trådte i kraft den 1. november 1993, og at artikel 119 med virkning fra den 1. maj 1999, da Amsterdamtraktaten trådte i kraft, er blevet artikel 141 EF, hvorved der til bestemmelserne i artikel 119 blev føjet et stk. 4, der med ganske små forskelle gentager artikel 6, stk. 3, i aftalen om social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken, og den franske regering spørger herefter, hvilke bestemmelser der skal tages i betragtning ved besvarelsen af det første spørgsmål.
In view of the fact that the Agreement on Social Policy entered into force on 1 November 1993 and that, with effect from 1 May 1999, the date on which the Treaty of Amsterdam entered into force, Article 119 of the Treaty became Article 141 EC, which added to the wording of Article 119 a paragraph (4) reproducing, apart from some minor differences, Article 6(3) of the Agreement on Social Policy, the French Government is unsure as to the wording to be taken into consideration for the purpose of replying to the first question.
Regeringen har i denne forbindelse bemærket, at hvis man anvender datoen for den afgørelse, hvorved Joseph Griesmar blev tildelt pension, nemlig den 1. juli 1991, finder bestemmelsen i traktatens artikel 119 anvendelse, uden at der er behov for at henvise til aftalen om social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken, der er senere end traktatens artikel 119.
It submits in this regard that, if one takes the date of the decree granting Mr Griesmar a retirement pension, that is to say, 1 July 1991, the applicable text would be Article 119 of the Treaty, and there would be no need to refer to the Agreement on Social Policy, which is subsequent to it.
Hvis man derimod anvender datoen for forelæggelsesbeslutningen, nemlig den 28. juli 1999, finder bestemmelsen i artikel 141 EF anvendelse.
On the other hand, if the material date is taken to be the date of the decision making the reference, that is to say, 28 July 1999, the text applicable would be Article 141 EC.
I overensstemmelse med fast retspraksis skal det fastslås, at selv om fordele med karakter af ydelser under den sociale sikring ikke principielt kan udelukkes fra begrebet løn, ses dette begreb, som det er afgrænset i traktatens artikel 119, imidlertid ikke at kunne omfatte socialsikringsordninger eller -ydelser, såsom alderspension, som direkte er reguleret ved lov, således at der ikke foreligger nogen overenskomst inden for den pågældende virksomhed eller erhvervsgren, og som obligatorisk finder anvendelse på almindelige grupper af arbejdstagere.
However, it is clear from a reading of the decision making the reference, taken as a whole, that the Conseil d'État intended, by its first question, to ask the Court to give a ruling on the interpretation of Article 119 of the Treaty and Article 6(3) of the Agreement on Social Policy. The mention in the first question of Article 141 EC next to Article 119 of the Treaty is incidental and designed to indicate the number of the provision which has replaced Article 119 of the Treaty since the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam.
Disse ordninger sikrer nemlig arbejdstagerne ydelser fra et lovmæssigt system, der finansieres af arbejdstagere, arbejdsgivere og eventuelt det offentlige i et omfang, som i mindre grad følger af ansættelsesforholdet mellem arbejdsgiver og arbejdstager end af socialpolitiske overvejelser (jf. bl.a. dom af 25.5.1971, sag 80/70, Defrenne, præmis 7 og 8, af 13.5.1986, sag 170/84, Bilka, præmis 17 og 18, af 17.5.1990, sag C-262/88, Barber, præmis 22 og 23, og af 28.9.1994, sag C7/93, Beune, præmis 24).
There is nothing in the decision making the reference to justify the conclusion that the Conseil d'État intended to submit a question to the Court concerning the interpretation of Article 141 EC, and in particular paragraph 4 of that provision.
Det fremgår imidlertid klart af forelæggelsesbeslutningens samlede ordlyd, at Conseil d'État med det første spørgsmål anmoder Domstolen om bistand ved fortolkningen af traktatens artikel 119 og af artikel 6, stk. 3, i aftalen om social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken.
In the first part of its first question, the national court is, essentially, seeking to ascertain whether pensions provided under a scheme such as the French retirement scheme for civil servants fall within the scope of Article 119 of the Treaty.
Artikel 141 EF er blot nævnt i det første spørgsmål ved siden af traktatens artikel 119 som en ledsagende bemærkning og for at angive
Under the second paragraph of Article 119 of the Treaty, 'pay' for the purposes of that article is to be understood as meaning 'the ordinary basic or minimum wage or salary and any other consideration, whether in cash or in kind, which the worker receives, directly or indirectly, in respect of his employment from his employer'.
Domstolen præciserede i Beune-dommens præmis 23 og 43 — hvori den tog stilling til spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt pensioner, der udbetales efter en pensionsordning for
According to settled case-law, although advantages in the nature of social security benefits are not in principle alien to the concept of pay, that concept, as defined in Article 119 of the Treaty, cannot be extended to encompass social security schemes or benefits - such as, for example, retirement pensions -which arc directly governed by statute to the exclusion of any element of negotiation within the undertaking
tjenestes forskriftsmæssige ophør, og at beløbet tager den udførte tjenestes niveau, varighed og art i betragtning.
or occupational sector concerned and which are obligatorily applicable to general categories of employees.
Det følger heraf, at den pension, der udbetales efter den franske pensionsordning for tjenestemænd, er direkte afhængig af tjenestetiden, og at dens beløb beregnes på grundlag af den løn, som tjenestemanden modtog de sidste seks tjenestemåneder.
Such schemes give employees the benefit of a statutory scheme, to the financing of which workers, employers and, possibly, the public authorities contribute to an extent that is determined not so much by the employment relationship between the employer and the worker as by considerations of social policy (see, inter alia, Case 80/70 Defrenne, paragraphs 7 and 8; Case 170/84 Bilka, paragraphs 17 and 18; Case C-262/88 Barber, paragraphs 22 and 23; and Case C-7/93 Beune [1994] ECR 1-4471, paragraph 24).
tjenestemænd som den, der er indført ved Algemene Burgerlijke Pensioenwet (den nederlandske lov om den generelle civile pensionsordning), var omfattet af anvendelsesområdet for traktatens artikel 119 — at blandt de kriterier, Domstolen alt efter situationen havde skullet tage stilling til ved kvalificeringen af en pensionsordning, var det alene kriteriet om, at arbejdstageren modtager pensionen som følge af arbejdsforholdet mellem ham og hans tidligere arbejdsgiver, dvs. kriteriet om arbejdsforholdet, jf. ordlyden af artikel 119, der kunne tillægges afgørende betydning.
Replying to the question whether pensions provided under a civil service retirement scheme such as that organised by the Algemene Burgerlijke Pensioenwet (Netherlands General Civil Pension Law) fall within the scope of Article 119 of the Treaty, the Court pointed out, in paragraphs 23 and 43 of its judgment in Beune, cited above, that, of the criteria for characterising a pension scheme which it had adopted on the basis of the situations that had been brought before it, the only possible decisive criterion is whether the pension is paid to the worker by reason of the employment relationship between him and his former employer, that is to say, the criterion of employment based on the actual wording of Article 119 of the Treaty.
Pensionen opfylder således det ansættelseskriterium, som Domstolen i Beunedommen anså for afgørende med henblik på kvalificeringen i henhold til traktatens artikel 119 af pensioner, der udbetales efter en pensionsordning for tjenestemænd.
The Court did, admittedly, accept that that criterion cannot be regarded as exclusive, inasmuch as pensions paid by statutory social security schemes may reflect, wholly or in part, pay in respect of work (Beune, paragraph 44).
Domstolen anerkendte ganske vist, at dette kriterium ikke kan være eneafgørende, idet der ved pensioner, der udbetales i henhold til lovbestemte sociale sikringsordninger, helt eller delvis kan tages hensyn til den pågældendes løn (Beune-dommen, præmis 44).
However, considerations of social policy, of State organisation, of ethics, or even the budgetary concerns which influenced, or may have influenced, the establishment of a scheme by the national legislature cannot prevail if the pension concerns only a particular category of workers, if it is directly related to the period of service and if its amount is calculated by reference to the civil servant's last salary. The pension paid by the public employer is in that case entirely comparable to that paid by a private employer to his former employees (Beune, paragraph 45).
På baggrund af ovenstående skal det første spørgsmåls første led besvares med, at pensioner, der udbetales efter en ordning som den franske pensionsordning for tjenestemænd, er omfattet af anvendelsesområdet for traktatens artikel 119.
They are distinguished from employees grouped within an undertaking or group of undertakings in a particular sector of the economy, or in a trade or inter-trade sector, only by reason of the specific features governing their employment relationship with the State, or with other public employers or bodies (see, to this effect, Beune, paragraph 42).
— Spørgsmålet, om der foreligger forskelsbehandling på grundlag af køn
Second, it follows from Article L. 1 of the Code that the pension there referred to is granted in remuneration for the services performed by civil servants until their retirement from the service, and its amount takes account of the level, duration and nature of the services performed.
Det skal med henblik på at besvare det første spørgsmåls andet led undersøges, om en mandlig tjenestemands og en kvindelig tjenestemands situation som henholdsvis barnefader og barnemoder er sammenlignelig i forhold til tildelingen af det tillæg, der er omtvistet i hovedsagen.
It follows that the pension provided under the French retirement scheme for civil servants is determined directly by length of service and that its amount is calculated on the basis of the salary which the person concerned received during his or her final six months at work.
Det fremgår i denne forbindelse af Domstolens praksis, at en mandlig arbejdstagers situation med henblik på anvendelsen af ligelønsprincippet ikke kan sammenlignes med en kvindelig arbejdstagers situation, når den fordel, der alene gives den kvindelige arbejdstager, har til formål at være en erstatning for de faglige ulemper, der er en følge af denne arbejdstagers fravær fra arbejdet, som en barselsorlov nødvendigvis indebærer (jf. Abdoulaye-dommen, præmis 18,20 og 22).
Consequently, such a pension satisfies the criterion of employment which the Court, in Beune, held to be decisive for the purpose of characterising, with respect to Article 119 of the Treaty, pensions provided under a retirement scheme for civil servants.
For så vidt angår den ordning, som tvisten i hovedsagen vedrører, skal det først anføres, at tjenestemænd, der modtager pension efter denne ordning, skal anses for at udgøre en særlig gruppe af arbejdstagere.
In the light of the foregoing, the answer to the first part of the first question must be that pensions provided under a scheme such as the French retirement scheme for civil servants fall within the scope of Article 119 of the Treaty.
forstyrres ved, at moderen samtidig udøver sit erhvervsarbejde og derved udsættes for en dobbeltbelastning (jf. dom af 12.7.1984, sag 184/83, Hofmann, præmis 25, af 15.5.1986, sag 222/84, Johnston, præmis 44, af 25.10.1988, sag 312/86, Kommissionen mod Frankrig, præmis 13, og af 11.1.2000, sag C-285/98, Kreil, præmis 30).
In order to reply to the second part of the first question, it is necessary to determine whether, in relation to the grant of the service credit at issue in the main proceedings, the situations of a male civil servant and a female civil servant who are respectively the father and mother of children are comparable.
Mens tillægget for den første gruppe af børn tildeles den kvindelige tjenestemand uden andre betingelser, er den kvindelige tjenestemands erhvervelse af tillægget til den anden gruppe af børn betinget af, at hun har varetaget børnenes opdragelse i mindst ni år inden deres fyldte 21. år.
In that regard, it is settled case-law that, for the purpose of applying the principle of equal pay, the situation of a male worker is not comparable to that of a female worker where the advantage granted to the female worker alone is designed to offset the occupational disadvantages, inherent in maternity leave, which arise for female workers as a result of being away from work (Abdoulaye and Others, cited above, paragraphs 18, 20 and 22).
Mens Domstolen har fastslået, at en barselorlov, som tilkommer kvinden i fortsættelse af en lovbestemt barselorlov, er omfattet af artikel 2, stk. 3, i direktiv 76/207 (Hofmann-dommen, præmis 26), har den ligeledes præciseret, at foranstaltninger, der skal beskytte kvinder i kraft af, at de er forældre, hvilket både mandlige og kvindelige arbejdstagere kan være, ikke kan begrundes i denne direktivbestemmelse (jf. dommen i sagen Kommissionen mod Frankrig, præmis 14).
According to that case-law, Article 2(3) of Directive 76/207 is intended to protect a woman's biological condition and the special relationship between a woman and her child over the period which follows pregnancy and childbirth, by preventing that relationship from being disturbed by the multiple burdens which would result from the simultaneous pursuit of employment (see Case 184/83 Hofmann [1984] ECR 3047, paragraph 25; Case 222/84Johnston, paragraph 44; Case 312/86 Commission ν France, paragraph 13; and Case C-285/98 Kreil, paragraph 30).
Det anførte gælder ligeledes ved bedømmelsen af, om en mandlig tjenestemands og en kvindelig tjenestemands situation er sammenlignelig med henblik på ligelønsprincippet, for så vidt angår en foranstaltning, der forbeholder et anciennitetstillæg ved pensionsberegningen for kvinder, der har haft børn.
The case-law can also properly be applied for the purpose of determining whether the situations of a male worker and a female worker are comparable for the purpose of applying the principle of equal pay in regard to a measure which confines a service credit for the calculation of retirement pensions to female workers who have had children.
Det skal i denne forbindelse for det første anføres, at selv om det tillæg, der er omtvistet i hovedsagen, navnlig tildeles kvindelige tjenestemænd for deres børn født i ægteskab og børn født uden for ægteskab, altså deres biologiske børn, er dets tildeling ikke forbundet med, at der er taget barselsorlov, eller med de ulemper, som en kvindelig tjenestemand kan være udsat for i den periode, der følger efter en fødsel.
It is thus necessary to establish whether that credit is designed to offset the occupational disadvantages which arise for female workers as a result of being absent from work during the period following childbirth, in which case the situation of a male worker is not comparable to that of a female worker, or whether it is designed essentially to offset the occupational disadvantages which arise for female workers as a result of having brought up children, in which case it will be necessary to examine the question whether the situations of a male civil servant and a female civil servant are comparable.
Det skal således undersøges, om det nævnte tillæg har til formål at være en erstatning for de faglige ulemper for kvindelige tjenestemænd, som er en følge af deres fravær fra arbejdet i den periode, der følger efter en fødsel, i hvilket tilfælde en mandlig arbejdstagers situation ikke kan sammenlignes med en kvindelig arbejdstagers, eller om tillægget i det væsentlige har til formål at være erstatning for de faglige ulemper, der for kvindelige tjenestemænd er resultatet af at have opdraget børn, i hvilket tilfælde det skal undersøges, om en mandlig tjenestemands og en kvindelig tjenestemands situation er sammenlignelig.
While the credit is granted to a female civil servant without any other condition in the case of the first category of children, grant of the credit to a female civil servant for the second category of children is subject to the condition that she has raised them for at least nine years prior to their twenty-first birthday.
Det fremgår, at den nationale lovgiver har anvendt et enkelt kriterium for tildelingen af det tillæg, der er omtvistet i hovedsagen, nemlig kriteriet vedrørende pasningen af børnene, og for børn født i ægteskab, børn født uden for ægteskab eller adoptivbørn simpelthen er gået ud fra en formodning om, at de er blevet passet hjemme hos deres mor.
Mr Griesmar argues that his status as father derives from the existence of children within the first category and that his situation is in this regard comparable to that of a female civil servant who has children in that category.
Det skal i øvrigt i denne forbindelse bemærkes, således som Joseph Griesmar's advokat har gjort gældende under den
He points out in particular that, in contrast to the credit defined by reference to Article L. 18, paragraph II, of the Code, the credit for children within the first category is granted to a female civil servant exclusively by reason of her status as mother, and there is thus no need for her to prove that she has brought up those children.
Det skal i denne forbindelse anføres, at for så vidt angår betingelserne for tildeling af det tillæg, der er omtvistet i hovedsagen, sondrer lovens artikel L.12, litra b), mellem på den ene side pensionsmodtagerens børn født i ægteskab, børn født uden for ægteskab, hvor slægtskabet er fastslået, og adoptivbørn, og på den anden side de andre børn, der er opregnet i lovens artikel L. 18, stk. II.
In that connection, it should first be observed that, even if the credit at issue in the main proceedings is granted, in particular, to female civil sen-ants in respect of their legitimate and natural children, thus their biological children, the grant of that credit is not linked to maternity leave or to the disadvantages which
mundtlige forhandling, uden at det er blevet bestridt, at det omhandlede tillæg går tilbage til 1924, og dets formål var, således som det fremgår af lovforarbejderne, at gøre det lettere for kvindelige tjenestemænd at vende tilbage til hjemmet med henblik på bedre at kunne tage sig af deres børns opdragelse.
a female civil servant incurs in her career as a result of being absent from work during the period following the birth of a child. First, there is nothing in Article L. 12(b) of the Code which establishes a link between the credit provided for and any career disadvantages resulting from maternity leave.
Det skal fastslås, uden at der er nødvendigt at udtale sig om spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt denne aftales artikel 6, stk. 3, indfører en ny regel, at tillægget, der er indført med lovens artikel L. 12, litra b), ikke udgør en foranstaltning, som omhandlet i denne bestemmelse i aftalen om social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken.
It does not even require that children through whom a credit entitlement arises must have been born at a time when their mother had the status of civil servant. Second, the credit under consideration is also granted in respect of adopted children without being linked to a prior grant of adoption leave to the mother.
Artikel 6, stk. 3, i aftalen om social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitikken tillader nemlig nationale foranstaltninger, der har til formål at fjerne eller reducere de uligheder, der faktisk er i samfundet, og som påvirker kvinderne på arbejdsmarkedet.
It appears that the national legislature used a single criterion for granting the credit at issue in the main proceedings, namely that relating to the bringing-up of the children and that, in the case of legitimate, natural or adopted children, it simply took it for granted that they were brought up at the home of their mother.
Det følger heraf, at de nationale bestemmelser, der er dækket af denne bestemmelse, under alle omstændigheder skal bidrage til at give kvinder samme vilkår på arbejdsmarkedet som mænd.
It should also be noted in this connection that, as counsel for Mr Griesmar pointed out at the hearing without being contradicted, that credit dates back to 1924 and its purpose, as explained in the relevant preparatory documents, was to facilitate the female civil servant's return to her home in order for her to be better able to bring up her children.
For det andet skal det fastslås, at en mandlig og en kvindelig tjenestemands situation kan sammenlignes for så vidt angår opdragelsen af deres børn.
Second, the situations of a male civil servant and a female civil servant may be comparable as regard the bringing-up of children.
Navnlig er den omstændighed, at kvindelige tjenestemænd er mere berørt af faglige ulemper, der skyldes børns opdragelse, idet det generelt er kvinderne, der påtager sig denne opdragelse, ikke af en sådan art, at det kan udelukkes, at deres situation er sammenlignelig med situationen for en mandlig tjenestemand, der har varetaget sine børns opdragelse, og som dermed er blevet udsat for de samme karrieremæssige ulemper.
In particular, the fact that female civil servants are more affected by the occupational disadvantages entailed in bringing up children, because this is a task generally carried out by women, does not prevent their situation from being comparable to that of a male civil servant who has assumed the task of bringing up his children and has thereby been exposed to the same career-related disadvantages.
Lovens artikel L. 12, litra b), giver imidlertid ikke en mandlig tjenestemand, der befinder sig i en sådan situation mulighed for at gøre krav på det tillæg, der er omtvistet i hovedsagen, selv om han kan bevise, at han reelt har varetaget opdragelsen af sine børn.
Article L. 12(b) of the Code does not permit a male civil servant who is in such a situation to receive the credit at issue in the main proceedings, even if he is in a position to prove that he did in fact assume the task of bringing up his children.