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PROVIDES฀SERVICES฀ACROSS฀NATIONAL฀BORDERS฀MAY฀CARRY฀ON฀BUSINESS฀IN฀THE฀COUNTRY฀WHERE฀ THE฀ SERVICE฀ IS฀ PROVIDED฀ UNDER฀ THE฀ SAME฀ CONDITIONS฀ AS฀ ARE฀ IMPOSED฀BY฀ THAT฀3TATE฀ ON฀ ITS฀ OWN฀ NATIONALS฀ AND฀ THAT฀ THAT฀ RULE฀ WAS฀ TRANSPOSED฀ IN฀ $IRECTIVE฀ ฀ ฀ TO฀ FACILITATE฀ THE฀ EFFECTIVE฀ EXERCISE฀ BY฀ LAWYERS฀ OF฀ FREEDOM฀ TO฀ PROVIDE฀SERVICES฀ WITH฀ THE฀ E X C E P T I ON฀ OF฀ ANY฀ CONDITIONS฀ REQUIRING฀ RESIDENCE฀ OR฀ REGISTRATION฀ WITH฀ A฀ PROFESSIONAL฀ ORGANISATION฀ IN฀ THAT฀3TATE฀ 4HE฀#OMMUNITY฀ LEGISLATURE฀ HAD฀ THEREFORE฀ TAKEN฀ THE฀ VIEW฀ THAT฀ APART฀ FROM฀ THE฀ EXCEPTIONS฀ EXPRESSLY฀ M E N T I ON E D ฀ ALL฀ OTHER฀ CONDITIONS฀ AND฀ RULES฀ IN฀ FORCE฀ IN฀ THE฀ HOST฀ COUNTRY฀ MIGHT฀ APPLY฀ TO฀ THE฀ TRANSFRONTIER฀ PROVISION฀ OF฀ SERVICES฀ BY฀ A฀ LAWYER฀ 4HE฀ REIMBURSEMENT฀OF฀THE฀FEES฀OF฀A฀LAWYER฀ESTABLISHED฀IN฀A฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀MIGHT฀THEREFORE฀ ALSO฀BE฀MADE฀SUBJECT฀TO฀THE฀RULES฀APPLICABLE฀TO฀LAWYERS฀ESTABLISHED฀IN฀ANOTHER฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀ 4HAT฀ SOLUTION฀ WAS฀ M O RE OVER฀ THE฀ONLY฀ONE฀WHICH฀COMPLIED฀WITH฀THE฀PRINCIPLE฀OF฀ PRE D I C T A B I L I T Y ฀ AND฀ THUS฀ OF฀ LEGAL฀ CERTAINTY฀ FOR฀ A฀ PARTY฀ WHICH฀ ENTERED฀ INTO฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ AND฀ THUS฀INCURRED฀THE฀RISK฀OF฀HAVING฀TO฀BEAR฀THE฀COSTS฀OF฀THE฀OTHER฀PARTY฀IN฀THE฀EVENT฀OF฀BEING฀ U N SUCCESSFUL฀ PARAGRAPH฀ ฀ 4HE฀#OURT฀ OBSERVED฀ H O W E V E R ฀ THAT฀ THE฀ FACT฀ THAT฀ THE฀ PARTY฀ WHICH฀HAS฀BEEN฀SUCCESSFUL฀ IN฀A฀DISPUTE฀AND฀WHICH฀HAS฀BEEN฀REPRESENTED฀BY฀A฀LAWYER฀ ESTABLISHED฀ IN฀ANOTHER฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ CANNOT฀ ALSO฀ OBTAIN฀ REIMBURSEMENT฀ FROM฀ THE฀ U N SUCCESSFUL฀ PARTY฀ OF฀ THE฀ FEES฀ OF฀ THE฀ LAWYER฀PRACTISING฀BEFORE฀ THE฀ COURT฀ SEISED฀ AND฀ TO฀ WHOM฀ THE฀SUCCESSFUL฀PARTY฀HAS฀HAD฀ RECOURSE฀ ON฀ THE฀GROUND฀ THAT฀ SUCH฀COSTS฀ARE฀NOT฀ REGARDED฀ AS฀ BEING฀ NECESSARY฀ IS฀ LIABLE฀ TO฀MAKE฀ THE฀ TRANSFRONTIER฀ PROVISION฀ BY฀ A฀ LAWYER฀ OF฀ HIS฀ SERVICES฀ LESS฀ ATTRACTIVE฀ 3UCH฀ A฀ SOLUTION฀MAY฀ HAVE฀ A฀ DETERRENT฀ EFFECT฀ CAPABLE฀OF฀ AFFECTING฀ THE฀ COMPETITIVENESS฀ OF฀ LAWYERS฀ IN฀OTHER฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀ %VEN฀ IF฀ THE฀ APPOINTMENT฀OF฀A฀LAWYER฀PRACTISING฀BEFORE฀THE฀COURT฀SEISED฀IS฀A฀MANDATORY฀REQUIREMENT฀ RESULTING฀ FROM฀ HARMONISATION฀ MEASURES฀ AND฀ THEREFORE฀ FALLS฀ OUTSIDE฀ THE฀ WILL฀ OF฀ THE฀PARTIES฀ IT฀ CANNOT฀ BE฀ INFERRED฀ THEREFROM฀ THAT฀ THE฀ ADDITIONAL฀ ASSOCIATED฀ COSTS฀MUST฀ BE฀ ATTRIBUTED฀AUTOMATICALLY฀AND฀IN฀EVERY฀CASE฀TO฀THE฀PARTY฀WHICH฀HAD฀RECOURSE฀TO฀THE฀LAWYER฀ ESTABLISHED฀ IN฀ANOTHER฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ IRRESPECTIVE฀OF฀ WHETHER฀ THAT฀ PARTY฀ HAS฀ BEEN฀ SUCCESSFUL฀ IN฀ THE฀ DISPUTE฀ /N฀ THE฀ CONTRARY฀ THE฀OBLIGATION฀ TO฀ HAVE฀ RECOURSE฀ TO฀ THE฀ SERVICES฀OF฀A฀ LAWYER฀PRACTISING฀BEFORE฀ THE฀COURT฀SEISED฀MEANS฀THAT฀ THE฀RESULTING฀COSTS฀ WILL฀ BE฀ NECESSARY฀ FOR฀ THE฀PURPOSES฀OF฀ APPROPRIATE฀ LEGAL฀ RE PRESENTATION฀ 4HE฀ GENERAL฀ EXCLUSION฀OF฀THOSE฀COSTS฀FROM฀THE฀AMOUNT฀TO฀BE฀REIMBURSED฀BY฀THE฀UNSUCCESSFUL฀PARTY฀ WOULD฀ P E N A L I SE฀ THE฀ SUCCESSFUL฀ PARTY฀ WITH฀ THE฀EFFECT฀ OF฀ S T R ON G L Y ฀ D I S C O U R A G IN G ฀ PARTIES฀ TO฀ LEGAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ FROM฀ HAVING฀ RECOURSE฀ TO฀ LAWYERS฀ ESTABLISHED฀ IN฀OTHER฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀ 4HE฀FREEDOM฀OF฀SUCH฀LAWYERS฀TO฀PROVIDE฀THEIR฀SERVICES฀WOULD฀THEREBY฀BE฀OBSTRUCTED฀AND฀ THE฀ HARMONISATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ SECTOR฀ AS฀ IN I T I A T E D ฀ BY฀ THE฀DIRECTIVE฀ A D V E R S E L Y ฀ AFFECTED฀