natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den skal anvende EU-retten på og afgøre tvister mellem Unionens institutioner eller mellem disse institutioner og medlemsstaterne (eller mellem medlems-stater).Retten behandler sager, der anlægges af medlemsstaterne mod Kommissionen eller til prøvelse af visse retsakter udstedt af Rådet, eller sager, der anlægges af fysiske eller juridiske personer til prøvelse af beslutninger fra Unionens institutioner, organer, kontorer eller agenturer, som er rettet til dem, eller som berører dem umiddelbart og individuelt (f.eks. en sag anlagt af en virksomhed til prøvelse af en beslutning, hvorved Europa-Kommissionen har pålagt den en bøde). Fysiske eller juridiske personer kan ved Retten også få prøvet regelfastsættende retsakter (der berører dem umiddelbart, og som ikke forudsætter gennemførelsesforanstaltninger).Endelig har Personaleretten til opgave at afgøre retssager mellem Unionens institutioner og de ansatte.
It also applies European Union law and resolves disputes between the European Union institutions, between those institutions and the Member States, or even between Member States.The General Court deals with actions brought by the Member States against the Commission and against certain acts of the Council, as well as actions brought before it by natural or legal persons against decisions of the European Union institutions, bodies, offices or agencies (for example, an action brought by a company against a decision of the European Commission to impose a fine on it) which are addressed to them or which are of direct and individual concern to them and against regulatory acts (which are of direct concern to them and which do not entail implementing measures).The Civil Service Tribunal resolves disputes between the European Union institutions and their sta.
HVAD ER EN ANMODNING OM PRÆJUDICIEL AFGØRELSE?
WHAT IS A REFERENCE FOR A PRELIMINARY RULING?
EU-retten er en del af de nationale retssystemer.Det er derfor muligt, at en sag ved en national domstol vedrører EU-retlige regler.For det første kan de nationale domstole komme ud for at skulle anvende og fortolke EU-retlige regler.
European Union law is incorporated into the national legal systems.Therefore, it is possible that a dispute before a national court or tribunal is covered by rules of European Union law.The national court may find it necessary to apply and interpret rules of European Union law.
Om nødvendigt skal de bl.a. undlade at anvende en national bestemmelse, der er uforenelig med EU-retten.For det andet kan det forekomme, at fortolkningen af EU-retten er vanskelig, eller at de nationale domstole er i tvivl om gyldigheden af retsakter fra Unionens insti-tutioner.I sådanne tilfælde kan de nationale domstole anmode Domstolen om en præjudiciel afgørelse vedrørende fortolkningen af EU-retten på det pågældende punkt eller om gyldigheden af en retsakt fra en af Unionens institutioner.Dette indebærer, at den nationale domstol udsætter sagen, indtil Domstolen har taget stilling til de pågældende spørgsmål.
In particular, it must refrain, where necessary, from applying a provision of national law which is incompatible with European Union law.It may be that difficulties arise concerning the interpretation of European Union law, or the national court may be uncertain as to the legality of acts of the European Union institutions.In those circumstances, the national court may make a reference for a preliminary ruling, asking the Court of Justice to interpret European Union law at issue or to give a ruling on the validity of an act of a European Union institution.That means that the national court suspends the dispute it is hearing in order to wait for the Court of Justice’s interpretation or its decision on the validity of an act.
Borgerne får i denne forbindelse lejlighed til – gennem deres advokat – at fremsætte deres synspunkter for Domstolen.Domstolen afgør ikke den sag, der verserer for den nationale domstol.
It is in the course of this procedure that citizens will have the opportunity, through their lawyers or advisers, to make their views known to the Court.The Court of Justice does not, however, decide the dispute itself.
Der er alene tale om, at den giver en fortolkning eller træffer afgørelse om gyldigheden af en retsakt.Når Domstolen har besvaret de forelagte præjudicielle spørgsmål, tilkommer det den nationale domstol at træffe afgørelse i den verserende sag.
It simply gives an interpretation or a ruling on the validity of an act.It is always the national court which decides the case before it, after the Court has answered the question referred for a preliminary ruling.
HAR DE NATIONALE DOMSTOLE PLIGT TIL AT FØLGE DOMSTOLENS
ARE THE NATIONAL COURTS OBLIGED TO FOLLOW THE INTERPRETATION
Når Domstolen fastslår, at en retsakt fra en af Unionens institutioner strider mod traktaterne, eller når den giver en fortolkning af EU-retten, er denne afgørelse bindende for den domstol, der har anmodet om en præjudiciel afgørelse, samt for alle domstole i medlemsstaterne. De nationale domstole skal altså følge den fortolkning, Domstolen har anlagt.
Whenever the Court concludes that an act of a European Union institution is incompatible with the treaties, or whenever it gives an interpretation of European Union law, that decision is binding and the national court which made the reference and all the other courts in the Member States are obliged to follow that ruling.
Det samme gælder for de andre offentlige myndigheder.
The same is true for other public authorities.
SKAL PARTERNE LADE SIG REPRÆSENTERE AF EN ADVOKAT
MUST THE PARTIES USE A LAWYER IN ORDER TO BE REPRESENTED
Under en præjudiciel sag kan parterne lade sig repræsentere af personer, som ifølge reglerne i deres medlemsstat har møderet for den forelæggende domstol.I andre sager skal parterne lade sig repræsentere af en advokat, som har beskikkelse i en medlemsstat eller i en anden kontraherende stat i aftalen om Det Europæiske Økonomiske Samarbejdsområde.
In the context of a reference for a preliminary ruling, the parties may be represented by persons who are entitled to plead cases before the national court hearing the case, according to the rules in their own Member State.For other kinds of action the parties must be represented by a lawyer who is entitled to appear before a court of a Member State or of another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area.
I forbindelse med en præjudiciel sag er det den nationale domstol, der træffer afgørelse om sagsomkostningerne i henhold til de gældende nationale regler.Sagsbehandlingen ved Domstolen, Retten og Personaleretten er gratis.
In preliminary ruling proceedings it is for the national court to decide on the costs of the dispute according to the national rules in force.Proceedings before the Court of Justice, the General Court and the Civil Service Tribunal are free of charge: no fees or duties are payable.However, lawyers’ fees are not reimbursed by those Courts.
Der skal ikke betales afgifter eller gebyrer.Udgifter til advokatbistand betales ikke af disse retsinstanser.
A party who is unable to meet the costs of the proceedings may, however, apply for legal aid.
Domstolen består af 27 dommere, der udnævnes af medlemsstaternes regeringer efter høring af et udvalg, som har til opgave at udtale sig om, hvorvidt kandidaterne er egnede til at varetage de omhandlede opgaver.
The Court of Justice is composed of 27 Judges, appointed by the governments of the Member States after consultation of a panel responsible for giving an opinion on the suitability of candidates to perform the duties in question.
De udnævnes for et tidsrum af seks år, og de kan genudnævnes.
They are appointed for a renewable term of six years.
Dommerne udpeger af deres midte Domstolens præsident for tre år.Domstolen omfatter også otte generaladvokater.
The Judges elect one of their number as President for a term of three years.The Court of Justice also has 8 Advocates General.
De skal bistå Domstolen ved at fremsætte begrundede »forslag til afgørelse« i sagerne.
Their role is to assist the Court of Justice by giving ‘opinions’ on cases, that is to say, reasoned proposals as to how the Court should decide the case.
Domstolen har dog ikke pligt til at følge deres forslag til afgørelse.Retten består af mindst én dommer for hver medlemsstat.
However, the Court of Justice is not bound to follow those opinions.The General Court is composed of at least one Judge per Member State.
Dommerne udnævnes af medlemsstaternes regeringer efter høring af et udvalg, som har til opgave at udtale sig om, hvorvidt kandidaterne er egnede til at varetage de omhandlede opgaver.
The Judges are appointed by the Member States’ governments after consultation of a panel responsible for giving an opinion on the suitability of candidates to perform the duties in question.
Dommerne udpeger af deres midte Rettens præsident, ligeledes for tre år.Personaleretten består af syv dommere, der udnævnes af Rådet for en periode på seks år, og som kan genudnævnes. Udnævnelse sker efter stillingsopslag og efter høring af et udvalg bestående af syv medlemmer, der er valgt blandt tidligere medlemmer af Domstolen og Retten og jurister med anerkendte faglige kvalifi kationer.Såvel dommerne som generaladvokaterne er fuldstændigt upartiske og uafhæn-gige.Institutionens administration (ca. 2 000 ansatte) ledes af en justitssekretær, der fungerer som generalsekretær under Domstolens præsident.
The Judges elect one of their number as President, also for a term of three years.The Civil Service Tribunal is composed of seven Judges appointed by the Council, for a renewable term of six years, after a call for applications and the opinion of a panel of seven persons chosen from among former Members of the Court of Justice and the General Court and lawyers of recognised competence.The Judges and Advocates General act with complete impartiality and independ-ence.The institution’s administration (approximately 2 000 people) is directed by a Registrar who exercises the function of secretary general under the authority of the President of the Court of Justice.
Administrationen omfatter forskellige tjenestegrene, bl.a. tjenestegrenene for oversættelse, tolkning, forskning og dokumentation, it, biblioteket samt presse og information.
It consists of various departments, such as Translation, Interpretation, Research and Documentation, Information Technology, Library and Press and Information.
HVILKE REGLER OM SPROG GÆLDER FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNIONS DOMSTOL?
OF THE EUROPEAN UNION?
Ethvert af de 23 officielle sprog inden for EU kan være processprog.
Each of the 23 official languages of the European Union may be designated as the language of the case.
I en præjudiciel sag er processproget den forelæggende rets eget sprog.Institutionen har således et stort antal tolke og en oversættelsestjeneste, som næsten udgør halvdelen af personalet.
In the case of a reference for a preliminary ruling, the language of the case is the language in which the national court refers the questions to the Court of Justice.The Court thus uses many interpreters and has a language service which accounts for almost half of its sta.
Baggrunden herfor er princippet om, at alle Unionens borgere skal have lige adgang til at anlægge sag ved Unionens retsinstanser.Dommerne voterer – uden tolke – på et fælles sprog, som traditionelt er fransk.
That situation reflects the principle of equal access for all European Union citizens to justice.The judges deliberate, without interpreters, in a common language which, traditionally, is French.
HVILKE DOKUMENTER ER OFFENTLIGT TILGÆNGELIGE,
WHICH DOCUMENTS ARE ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC AND
OG HVOR KAN DE FINDES?
WHERE CAN THEY BE FOUND?
Størstedelen af domme, kendelser og forslag til afgørelse offentliggøres på alle Den Europæiske Unions officielle sprog i Samling af Afgørelser fra Domstolen og Retten samt i Samling af Afgørelser – Personalesager.Der er adgang til disse tekster via Domstolens hjemmeside: www.curia.europa.eu.Domstolens Presse- og Informationsafdeling, der står for kontakten med medierne og borgerne, udsender også pressemeddelelser angående de vigtigste sager, som har en direkte indvirkning på borgernes liv.
Most of the judgments, orders and opinions are published in all the official languages of the European Union in the Reports of Cases before the Court of Justice and the General Court and Reports of European Union Staff Cases.Those documents are available on the Court’s Internet site: www.curia.europa.eu.The Court’s Press and Information Service, responsible for contact with the media and the public, also make available to the public press releases on the most important cases which have direct impact on the life of citizens.
HVOR MANGE SAGER PÅDØMMER DOMSTOLEN, RETTEN OG PERSONALERETTEN, OG HVILKE EU-RETLIGE OMRÅDER
HOW MANY CASES ARE DECIDED BY THE COURT OF JUSTICE, THE GENERAL COURT AND THE CIVIL SERVICE TRIBUNAL AND WHICH AREAS
Siden sin oprettelse og indtil udgangen af 2009 har Domstolen behandlet ca. 14 904 sager.Retten har behandlet ca. 6 229 sager mellem 1989 og indtil udgangen af 2009.Hvad angår Personaleretten har den behandlet 155 sager siden sin oprettelse.De EU-retlige områder, som oftest er omhandlet i de sager, Domstolen pådømmer, er miljø, forbrugerrettigheder, landbrug, beskatning, socialpolitik samt regler for institutionerne.
Since its creation, and until the end of 2009, the Court of Justice has dealt with approximately 14904 cases.The General Court decided about 6229 cases between 1989 and the end of 2009.The Civil Service Tribunal has dealt with 155 cases since its creation.
Derimod behandler Retten navnlig sager, der vedrører områderne konkurrence, statsstøtte, varemærker og landbrug.
The areas of European Union law which are the most frequently involved in the cases decided by the Court of Justice are the environment and consumer rights, agriculture, tax, social policy and institutional law.The General Court deals particularly with cases relating to competition law, State aid, trade marks and agriculture.
Internetportalen til EU’s institutioner: www.europa.eu Adgang til EU-lovgivningen: www.eur-lex.europa.eu
Gateway of the European Union institutions: www.europa.eu Access to the law of the European Union: www.eur-lex.europa.eu
Design og layout udført af Presse- og Informationsafdelingen ved De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol, som særligt takker:
Concept and layout by the Press and Information Division of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, whichwishes to thank in particular:
— Amélie Pironneau for redigering af beskrivelserne af kunstværkerne
—Ms Amélie Pironneau for her commentaries on the works of art
— Georges Fessy og Imedia for fotografier af Domstolens arkitektur og kunstværker
—Mr Fessy and Imedia for the photographs of the Court’s architecture and works of art
— Domstolens oversættere for deres uvurderlige bistand og alle, som har hjulpet med research, herunder kunstgallerier, stiftelser og kulturministerier.
—the translators of the Court of Justice for their invaluable assistance and all who have helped with research, including art galleries, foundations and Ministries of Culture.
Oversigt over Domstolens bygninger
General layout of the buildings of the Court of Justice
Kunstværkerne ............................................................
The art collection........................................................
Domstolens bygninger
View of the Court buildings
En institutions historie indgår i en naturlig sammenhæng med værtslokaliteternes historie.
The history of an institution is reflected in the buildings which house it.
I anledning af, at De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol i 2002 fejrer 50-årsdagen for sin oprettelse, har man fundet det naturligt at hylde de arkitekter og kunstnere, som har forestået opførelsen og udsmykningen af de bygninger, der rummer Den Europæiske Unions domstolsinstitution.
In 2002, the Court of Justice of the European Communities marks its 50th anniversary. This presents us with a fitting occasionto pay tribute to the architects who designed its premises and the artists whose works grace them.
Domstolen havde lige fra starten (1952) sit hjemsted i Storhertugdømmet Luxembourg, men blev først i 1973 flyttet til Kirchberg-plateauet.
The Court has been situated in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg since its inception in 1952. It moved to its present site in Kirchberg in 1973.
Palæet, der er bygget over et metalskelet i en legering af stål, kobber, krom og nikkel, blev opført i udkanten af det europæiske kvarter i Luxembourg by som et symbol på stedsevarende myndighed, afklarethed og harmoni.
There, at the entrance to the European quarter of the City of Luxembourg, the Palais was erected withinan imposing skeleton of steel, copper, chromium and nickel alloy. Today, it stands as a symbol of enduring authority, serenityand harmony.
Bygningen, der er tegnet af arkitekterne Jean-Paul Conzemius, François Jamagne og Michel Vander Elst, blev udvidet medlavereliggende tilbygninger i 1988 (Erasmus-Bygningen), i 1992 (Thomas More-Bygningen) og i 1994 (anneks C). Disse udvidelser vidnede om Domstolens gradvise udvikling.
Designed by Jean-Paul Conzemius, François Jamagne and Michel Vander Elst, the Palais was extended outwards from itslower levels in 1988 (the Erasmus building), 1992 (the Thomas More building) and 1994 (Annexe C), each successive structure reflecting the Court’s growth and development.
I 1989 blev Retten i Første Instans således oprettet i samme bygningskompleks.
In 1989 the Court of First Instance was established within the same complex.
Mere end tusind mennesker (til sammenligning drejede det sig om mindre end 200 i 1972) har nu deres daglige gang i dissebygninger, der er udsmykket med kunstværker, som medlemsstaternes regeringer og kunstnere har skænket eller udlånt til Domstolen.
Over 1000 people now work here, compared with fewer than 200 in 1972.
Vi benytter med dette festskrift lejligheden til at hylde dem.
Numerous works of art have been entrusted to the Court by the governments of the Member States and by the artists themselves and it is to them that we would like, in this book,to express our appreciation.
Disse meget forskelligartede kunstværker vidner om, at De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol er dybt forankret i unionsborgernes kulturelle virkelighed.
These very diverse works of art indicate how deeply the Court of Justice of the European Communities is rooted in the cultural life of the European Union’s citizens.
Domstolen udøver ikke sin virksomhed i det tomme rum, om man så må sige. Dommene afsiges i ly af kunstneriske symboler,der viser de enkelte medlemslandes forbundethed med og respekt for deres respektive identitet og historie som et tegn på troskab over for de kilder, de udspringer fra.
Justice is not dispensed in a vacuum and the Court’s judgments are handed down under the watchful eye of paintings andsculptures which speak of their origins and symbolise the importance each Member State attaches to the preservation of itsidentity and history.
Denne forankring er fysisk repræsenteret, allerede før man kommer ind i Palæet, ved den rodfæstethed, der karakteriserer HENRY MOORES Liggende figur.
This sense of attachment, of ‘rootedness’, has long found physical expression in the Large Reclining Figure by HENRYMOORE,a presence since the Palais’ inception.
LUCIENWERCOLLIERSVækst, som møder én ved indgangen til bygningerne, er et lykkeligt udtrykfor institutionens ambition.
In front of the Court, Growth by LUCIEN WERCOLLIER exuberantly conveys the ambitiouspurpose of the institution.
Indenfor konkretiserer RODINSBronzealderenden spirituelle side af denne ædle ambition i retfærdighedens tjeneste; en retfærdighed, som GIACOMOMANZÙhar givet et sindbilledligt udtryk i Retfærdighed og Fred.Retfærdighedens centrale placering understreges i HAP GRIESHABERSTræsnit, mens JEANLURÇATSforkromede og symbolskeunivers er en direkte henvisning til det håb, der kan være forbundet med at søge retfærdighed.
Inside, one encounters The Age of Bronze by RODIN,a work whose overtones hint at the spiritualvalue of the Court’s pursuit of justice, echoed in the emblematic Justice and Peaceby GIACOMOMANZÙ.The centrality of justice is finely evoked in the xylographsof HAP GRIESHABER, whilst the symbolic world of chrome of JEANLURÇATmakes directreferences to the hope that may be inspired by its pursuit.
Karakteren af Domstolens virksomhed er konkretiseret i begreberne balance og solidaritet i MARYDAMBIERMONTSbilledtæp-pe. Domsmyndighedens bidrag til konstruktionens helhed illustreres i JOOSTBALJEUSskulptur i jern og aluminium.
Notions of balance and solidarity, inherent in the administration of justice, are seen in the tapestry of MARYDAMBIERMONT,whilst the contribution of jurisprudence to the building of a new Europe is aptly illustrated in the iron and aluminium sculpture of JOOSTBALJEU.
ARKITEKTUR OG KUNSTVÆRKER VED DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABERS DOMSTOL
ARCHITECTURE AND ART OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Illuminationen i Glór Na Maraer en opfordring fra GWEN O’DOWD til at udøve en oplyst domsmyndighed.
The play of light in Glór Na Mara by GWEN O’DOWD invites the Court to provide illumination.
ANDRÉHAMBOURGSseks fresker forener realisme og allegori og kan ses som en henvisning til forholdet mellem realiteten i de spørgsmål, der forelægges Domstolen, og det håb, dens svar kan vække.
The six paintings by ANDRÉHAMBOURGcombine realism with allegory, just as the reality of the questions put to the Court may be resolved into the hopewhich its answers bring.
Dens domme har således undertiden en lige så afbalanceret karakter som HANS UHLMANNS skulptur i stål, der formidler et syn på retsbegrebet, som er moderne i udtrykket og traditionelt i indholdet.Gortyns lov, indhugget i steler, er en påmindelse om, at mennesker lige siden antikken har søgt at sikre sig en lovgivning, derkan bidrage til at løse borgersamfundets problemer.
The authority of the Court’s judgments is reflected in the steel sculpture by HANSUHLMANN, whichmanages to give a vision of justice which is modern in its expression and yet may be interpreted traditionally. The Gortyn Law,engraved on stone steles, reminds us of man’s ancient desire to find a system of laws capable of meeting the problems of society.
Efeb fra Maraton symboliserer ved skulpturens form institutionens nødvendige uafhængighed.
The forms of the sculpture of The Boy of Marathonsymbolise the independence required of the institution.
Intet nyskabende værk uden erindringer: NIKOSPERANDINOS’bronzestatuer opfordrer os til ikke at lade nye konstruktionerskygge for fortidens arv.
There can be no innovation without memory, and the bronze of NIKOSPERANDINOSwarns us not to overlook the part that ourheritage has to play in building a new Europe.
Fornyelsen af kunsten fortsætter imidlertid, undertiden i en form og med et indhold, der kan haveikonoklastisk karakter, som i MIRÓSL’oiseau se niche sur les doigts en fleur (Fuglen bygger rede på fingre i blomst). Eller vedat søge nye former som i ÉDOUARD-MARIEWEBERSkoloristiske maleri.
Innovation may sometimes give rise to iconoclasm in form and content, as in Bird Nesting on Fingers in Bloomby MIRÓ,and even to new forms, as in the colourful painting by ÉDOUARD-MARIE WEBER.
Således udvikles der helt nye og originale linjer, der inogle tilfælde, som i MAGGYSTEINSGenier, forener strukturens soliditet med nyudviklingens luftighed.
Startling, unimagined lines may come to life, as with the Winged Spirits by MAGGYSTEIN, sculptures which have the ability toreconcile solid structure with more rarefied visions.
Det skrøbelige og lette er imidlertid det mest karakteristiske for moderne konstruktioner, som det f.eks. gælder for JERRYFRANTZ’skulptur i stål.Denne tilsyneladende skrøbelighed berøver dog ikke de sidste 50 års produktion deres imposante ogkreative karakter, som det fremgår af JEAN-PIERRE GEORGS Aurora og Bevinget nat.
But this apparent fragility should not blind us to the impressive and creative achievements of the last 50 years, of which we catch a glimpsein Aurora and Winged Nightby JEAN-PIERREGEORG.A concern for human affairs, a judge’s constant guide amidst the labyrinthof contradictions thrown up by the modern world, is illustrated in the sculptures by GASTMICHELS.