natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Har EU's politik sâ vaeret dàrlig? Professor Philippe Martin (École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, eksempel pà.
Has EU policy been badly designed then? Professor Philippe Martin (Ecole Na tionale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris) raised the fundamental ques
I sin äbningstale formulerede Bankens formand Philippe Maystadt nogle klare sporgsmâl til forummet. For det ringer?
Mr Mayst.idt also stressed that spending by itself is not enough, as it is quality, not quantity that is important.
Paris) stillede det grundiaeggende sporgsmâl, om politiske indgreb overhovedet er onskelige. Hans hovedtese var, at offentlig bistand nok kan oge per capita-indkomsterne i tilbagestàende regioner, men at den muligvis er forbundet med ganske
Public funding cer tainly needs to be integtated into appropriate packages of policy inter ventions, but what can we conclude from regional successes and failures about the measures needed to com
Desuden understregede P. Maystadt, at afholdelse af udgifter ikke er tilstraek keligt, da det er kvaliteten og ikke kvantiteten der er afgorende.
In his opening speech, EIB President Philippe IVlaystadt formulated clear-cut questions for the forum to answer.
Offentlig finansiering skal afgjort indgâ i passende pakker af politiske tiltag, men hvad kan vi udlede af regionale succeser og fiaskoer om, hvilke foranstaltninger der er behov for som supplement til investeringerne?
Firstly, what kinds of market failures lie be hind regional divergence, and what levels of inequality should we be willing to accept?
Og sidst, men bestemt ikke mindst, kan der udarbejdes kriterier for projektudveelgelse, der bidrager til at sikre, at betydelige opportunitetsomkostninger.
Secondly, he pointed out that the role of go vernments has evolved tion of the desirability of policy in terference.
Med andre ord kan nettoresultatet af offentlig bistand blot blive overforsel af indkomst fra rige til fattige uden virkning pâ produktiviteten.
His main point was that public aid may increase the level of income per capita in lagging regions, but may possibly come at a rather high opportunity cost.
For det andet understregede han, at det offentliges rolle har udviklet sig i de senere àr, idet staterne har afviklet deres direkte engagement i en raekke aktiviteter, hvilket privatiseringerne af offentlige aktiviteter er et godt side 24
To be more precise, the net result of public aid may simply be a transfer page 24 I EIB INFORMATION
Regionerne konkurrerer ofte indbyrdes om at Opnâ meSt mulig offentlig kapital, men mere er ikke altid bedre utilstraekkelig arbejdskraftmobilitet i hoj grad har fort til koncentration og regionale uligheder.
Regions often compete with one another to have the largest quantity of publicly provided capital...more is doubt, key strategic in frastructure is essential. There appear to be welldocumented cases in which better communications infrastructure, for example, can help shift-ing economic geo graphy to a new equilibrium.
Han understregede, at de lokale institutioners effektivitet og kvalitet samt tilstedevaerelsen af teknologiske infrastrukturer - lokale net af specialiserede udbydere af teknologiske tjenester og lignende - er vigtige nomiske geografi.
In fact, he argued that the dras tic reduction in transport and trade costs over the past decades, together with imperfect labour mobility, have been im portant factors in the emergence of clusters not always better in a general way to pub- lie investment.
Det geelder imidlertid pâ ingen made for offentlige investeringer i almindelighed.
In fact, it was documented that and regional imbalances.
Det er sâledes dokumenteret, at offentlige investe- ringer har vaeret et middel til regional omfordeling snarere end en vaesentlig âr sag til produktivitetsforbedringer.
He stressed that the efficiency and quality of lo public investment has been an in strument of regional redistribution rather than a substantial force behind productivity gains.
regioner, der er hoveddrivkraefterne bag den okonomiske vaekst i landet.
This may lead to lower overall prosperity if these transfers drain resources from those wealthy and innovative regions that are the main engines of economic growth in the coun try.
Hvis det er tilfaeldet, star vi over for et uomgaengeligt valg mellem lighed og vaekst.
If this is the case we unavoid ably face a trade-off between equality and growth.
P. Martins tese blev i det mindste delvis bekraeftet af chefokonomens hovedafdelings interne empiriske undersogelse. Den indiedende konstatering i dette indiaeg var, at meget fä okonomer vil bestride, at fremme af okonomisk vaekst som sâdan er vejen til konvergens.
Martin's argument was, at least partially, confirmed by the in-house empirical study by the Chief Economist's Department.
Samtidig kan man vanskeligt forestille sig nogen vaekstmekanisme, der ikke forudsaetter en forogelse af kapital-
In this respect, he added the considera tion that, in certain cases, it would therefore help regions to impose conditions - or at least firm guidance - on the provision of loans and grants.
At tro, at involveredes art og af, hvor produktivitetS- forskelle er urokkelige, eren fejI godt forhandlingeme med ^^'^ styres.
Evaluation Department, explained that this has been the case, but that not all projects can be ex pected to be equally effec tive in generating regional economic activity.
Desuden viser en gennemgang af en raekke praktiske eksempler företaget af hovedafdelingen for projekt grundlaget under en eller anden form. Et pragmatisk politisk sporgsmâl er derfor: Spiller statens anlaegsinvesteringer - i veje, skoler, hospitaler, havne, lufthavne osv. - en storre rolle, eller bor de offentlige midier snarere anvendes til at stimulere private investeringer i f.eks. aniaeg og udstyr?
It de pends, among other fac tors, upon the range of stakeholders involved, and how well negotiations observation in this presen tation was that very few economists would deny per se that fostering eco nomic growth is the key to convergence.
evaluering, at et betydeligt offentligt engagement i projekterne af administrative gründe forer til stor ineffektivitet, der begraenser projektets potentielle regionudviklingsbidrag.
At the same time, it is hard to imagine any growth mechanism that does not work through an increase of the capital stock in one way or
Han kritiserede desuden det forhold, at regionerne ofte konkurrerer indbyrdes om at opnâ mest mulig kapital fra offentlige kilder.
Professor Thisse also criticised the fact that regions often compete with one another for the largest quantity of publicly provided ca pital.
Han paviste, at regioner, der onsker at udnytte deres komparative fordele, mâske sIet ikke har behov for samme typer infrastruktur.
He clarified that if regions want to exploit their comparative advantages they may not need the same type of infrastructure at all.
De politisk ansvarlige bor derfor fokusere pa, hvilke typer af offentlig kapital der har den störst mulige positive virkning pâ regionens okonomiske aktivitet.
Policy makers should therefore focus on what type of public capital benefits the region's eco nomic activity best.
Med andre ord: Mere er ikke altid bedre.
Put differently: more is not always better.
J. Thisses teoretiske vurdering underbyggede klart den laere, der kan udledes af de tidligere naevnte sammenlignende undersogelser (jf. s. 23).H
Thisse's theoretical assessment clearly reinforced the lessons from the twin stories that were presented earlier. • another.
Interesserede laesere kan finde mere detaljerede opiysninger i EIB-Papers, nr. 5 (1 og 2), hvor de heri omtalte undersogelser er offentliggjort.
Interested readers can find more detailed information in the latest two volumes, 5 (1 & 2), of the EIB-Papers in which the studies mentioned here are published.
EIB-Papers kan rekvireres gratis fra chefokonomens hovedafdeling, fax (-1-352) 4379-3492.
The EIB-Papers are available free of charge from the Chief Economist's Department (Fax: +352 4379 3492)
Desuden er strategiske nogleinf rastrukturer uden tvivl af afgorende betydning. Der synes at
Finally, Professor Jacques Thisse (Université Catholique de Louvain) posed a provocative question: why
Han papegede, at markedsmaessige fiaskoer kan fore til varig geografisk koncentration, og analyserede deres arsager. Han for-
Patrick Vanhoudt Chief Economist's Department •t-352 4379 3439, E-mail: p.vanhoudt@eib.org
Regionudvikling: En effektiv udnyttelse af de disponible midier
Regional Development - Making Efficient Use of Financial Resources
vaekst og jobskabelse.
mie growth and job creation.
Det er et indviklet emne, men mâske er det alligevel muligt at dokumentere de vigtigste forudsaetninger for en succesrig regionudvikling.
The subject is a complex one but it might, nevertheless, be possible to identify the most important factors for successful regional development.
At fremme en afbalanceret region udvikling gennem finansiering af sunde investeringer er Bankens hovedaktivitet.
Supporting balanced regional dev­elopment by financing sound in­vestment is the EIB's core activity.
I nogle medlemslande har EU's regionalpolitik og Bankens aktive bidrag dertil gjort det muligt for regionerne at udligne de okonomiske forskelle.
In some Member States, EU regional policy as well as the Bank's pro­active input have helped regions to catch up economically.
Selv i de medlemslande, der har formâet at overvinde deres tilbagestàenhed, er forskellene mellem regionerne ikke nodvendigvis blevet mindsket.
But even where Member States have caught up successfully, divergence among regions within one and the same country has not necessarily narrowed.
Derfor lyder de centrale sporgsmâl, der vil blive stillet pà ElB-forum 2000: »Hvad har virket?« »hvad gik galt?« og -frem for ait - »hvad kan vi laere deraf«?
Therefore, the central questions to be raised at this year's EIB Forum are "what has worked" and "what went wrong" and, even more important, "what are the les­sons to be learnt"?
De disponible midier til ophjaelpning af ugunstigt stillede regioner kan blive knappere.
Financial resources for assisting dis­advantaged regions may become scarcer.
Det vii derfor vaere sà meget desto vigtigere at gore bedst mulig brug af disse midier i form af bade tilskud og làn med henblik pà at styrke regionudviklingen.
Hence, it will be all the more important to make the best possible use of available resources, whether grants or loans, in order to enhance regional development.
»Forudsaetninger for succès«
"Factors for Success"
Pà andendagen vil forummet gâ ind i en nojere droftelse af, hvilke faktorer der bidrager til en succesrig regionudvikling.
On the second day, the Forum will discuss the factors contributing to regional success in more detail.
Talerne repraesenterer praktisk erfaring med regionudvikling, udformning af regionalpolitik og finansiering af investeringsprojekter.
The speakers represent experience in the field within regional devel opment, regional policy planning and financing investment projects.
Dette er sâ meget desto vigtigere, som Europa star over for nye ud fordringer.
This is all the more important as Europe faces new challenges.
Nye teknologier og det spirende informationssamfund kan isaer blive til gavn for de allerede hojt udviklede regioner.
New technologies and the emerging information society may benefit above all already highly developed regions.
Dynamiske regioner vii màske vaegre sig ved i for hoj grad at skulle overfore midier til tilbagestàende regioner, fordi det risikerer at underminere deres egen konkurrenceevne pà de internationale markeder.
Dynamic regions may resist being burdened too heavily with transferring payments to re­gions lagging behind as this could undermine their own competitive position in international markets.
Endvidere star vi over for udvidelsen af Unionen med Central- og Osteuropa. Med denne udvidelse vii de regionale forskelle vokse i hidtil ukendt grad.
Regional success has many ingre­dients: in addition to financial re­sources, quite a number of factors such as functioning administrations, proper development planning, au­tonomy in decision-making com­bined with political accountability of decision-makers, the availability of entrepreneurial people and a skilled woikforce.
Man vii uundgàeligt stille sig det sporgsmâl, hvilken grad af ulighed der kan tolereres, og i
Last but not least, there is a need for general econo­mic policies that set the right incen­tives for structural change, econo-
En succesrig regionudvikling af haenger af mange andre faktorer end de disponible midier, f.eks. vel fungerende administrationer, en professione! udvikiingsplanlaegning, beslutningsmaessig autonomi kom bineret med politisk ansvarlighed for beslutnintfstagerne samt tilstedevaerelsen af mennesker med ivaerksaetterànd og en veluddannet arbejdsstyrke.
A first sub-session, "Lessons from Regional Policy Experience", will focus on the assessment of strengths and weaknesses of re gions and discuss the need for a balanced development policy, i.e. conventional comprehensive plan ning covering infrastructure, human resources development and incentives for SMEs.
15.00: ÂBNING AF FORUMMET Philippe Maystadt, formand for EIB
15:00: OPENING OF THE FORUM : Philippe Maystadt, President ofthe EIB
Forste moderaekke: »Forudsaetningerne for en succesrig regionudviklingspolitik« Ordstyrer: Wolfgang Roth, naestformand i EIB
SESSION I ; "Regional Development Policies - Factors for Success" Chairperson: Wolfgang Roth, EIB Vice-President
Det forste sporgsmâl, der skal besvares i denne gruppe, er, om euroens indforelse og den igangvaerende integration af de finansielle markeder i euroomrâdet har forbedret de mindre og mellemstore virksomheders samt de regionale og de lokale myndigheders adgang til finansiering, idet dette i hoj grad ville fremme regionudviklingen.
A first question to answer during this session is whether the introduction of the euro and the ongoing integration of financial mar kets within the euro zone have im proved the access of SMEs and re gional/local authorities to finance, as this would strongly contribute to regional development.
Oplœg til anden moderaekke: »Erfaringen med regionalpolitik og finansiering« Alfred Steinherr, chefokonom i EIB
Introduction to SESSION II : "Experiences with Regional Policy and Financing" Alfred Steinherr, Chief Economist, EIB
Det andet sporgsmâl er, om vi kan vente, at de nuvaerende budgetstramninger i Europa vil blive fastholdt og fortsat vil stimulere eftersporgsien efter alternative modeller for etablering, finansiering og drift af infrastrukturer, isaer partnerskaber med offentlig og privat deltagelse.
A second issue is whether we should expect the present budge tary constraints in Europe to continue and stimulate the demand for alternative models for building, financing and operating infrastruc ture, particularly private-public partnerships.
Det vil blive droftet, i hvilket omfang sâdanne modeller kan anvendes i Central- og Osteuropa.
The Forum will dis cuss to what extent such models could be applied to Central and Eastern Europe.
Ogsâ de regionale venturekapitalselskabers rolle vil blive analyseret.
Also the role of re gional venture capital companies will be examined.
Pierre Mayet, formand for den tvaerministerielle koordinationsgruppe Sofia Antipolis, Frankrig Ramon Marimon, statssekretaer, Ministeriet for Videnskab og Teknologi, Spanien
Speakers : Henning Christophersen, President of Oresund Regional Council, Denmark * Brigitte Ederer, Councellor in charge of Finance, City of Vienna Pierre Mayet, Président, Groupe de Coordination Interministériel Sofia Antipolis, France Pasquale Pistorio, CEO, ST Microelectronics, Agrate Brianza, Italy * Ramon Marimon, Secretary of State, Ministry of Education and Technology, Spain
AFSLUTNING Hans Eichel, finansminister og Tysklands medlem af EIB's styrelsesrâd relsesrâd figurerer pâ de indbudtes daglige arbejdsprogram. I âr glaeder vi os specielt over at have Günter Grass, sidste àrs vinder af Nobelprisen for litteratur, blandt os.
CLOSING OF THE FORUM Hans Eichel, Minister of Finance and EIB Governor for Germany
Det er ligeledes blevet en tradition at afslutte forummet med en tale holdt af vaertslandets medlem af EIB's styrelsesrâd, nemlig i âr forbundsfinansminister Hans Eichel. •
It has also become a tradition to close the Forum with a speech by the EIB Governor of the host country: this year Hans Eichel, Federal Minister of Finance. •
Yderligere opiysninger om EIB-forum 2000 kan fâs ved henvendelse til EIB's hovedafdeling for Information og kommunikation, Yvonne Berghorst, tlf.: (+352) 4379-3154, e-post: y.berghorst@eib.org.
For further information on the EIB Forum 2000, please contact the EIB's Information Department; Yvonne Berghorst -I-352 4379 3154, E-mail: y.berghorst@eib.org
EIB Information der udgives af hovedafdelingen for information og kommunikation, udkommer samtidig pâ elleve EU-sprog .
EIB Information
I februar samarbejdede EIB med Intesagruppens Investeringsbank Caboto om udbydelsen af sin for ste elektroniske EARN-emission.
Caboto, is published periodically by the Information and Communications Department of the European Investment Bank in eleven EU languages.
Der var tale om en obligationsemission pà 500 mio med en rentekupon pâ 4,625% og udlob den 15. oktober 2002. Det er
Bank of the Intesa Group, to acting as the sole lead-mana­ launch its first Targeted EARN ger, through its RetLots system,
Caboto er eneste lead manager og udbyder emissionen blandt sine storste institutionelle kunder i Italien via Sit RetLotssystem og i udlandet via Internettet og Bloomberg.
makes the issue available to its ing block in developing the most important institutional
Denne emission er et vigtigt led i ElB's strategi for middeltil vejebringelse via Internettet, der indledtes i juni 1999 med et tilbud om gaeldsombytning til euroer, udelukkende via Internettet. •
Material which appears in EIB Information may be freely reproduced; an acknow/ledgement and a dipping of any article published would be appreciated.
Artiklerne kan anvendes frit, dog heist med angivelse af kilde.
with maturity 15 October 2002, through the
Gaveydelse til Moçambique
L - 2950 Luxembourg grade the country's electricity
Tlf.: (+352) 4379-1 Fax: (+352) 43 77 04
Tel. +352 4379 -1 Fax +352 43 77 04 ment in industrial production
Internet: www.eib.org E-post: info®eib.org landets elsystem og fremmet investeringerne i den industrielle udnyttelse af nogle af landets naturressourcer (grafit, aluminium, elefantnodder og sukker, men ogsâ rejeavl). •
Internet http://wvvw.eib.org E-mail: info®elb.org of some of Mozambique's na-
I marts skaenkede EIB Moçambique 500 000 EUR som en nodhjaelp til ofrene for oversvommelseskatastrofen.
Mozambique for relief assis- ras and Nicaragua in 1998, Ko- farming, sugar). •
Tlf: (+39) 06 4719-1 Fax: (+39) 06 42 87 34 38
area in Greece in 1999.
Midlerne blev stillet til râdighed via EU's delegation i Maputo, der udvaigte mâlene for nodhjaelpen.
The EIB has been active in Mo­ through the EU's Delegation in zambique for some time and its
Kontoret i Berlin Lennéstrasse 17 D-10785 Berlin
Berlin Office Lennéstrasse, 17 D -10785 Berlin uses for the emergency funds.
Tlf.: (+49) 30 59 00 479-0 Fax: (+49) 30 59 00 47 99
Tel. +49 (0) 30 59 00 479 - 0 Fax +49 (0) 30 59 00 47 99
EIB har vaeret aktiv i Moçambique i nogen tid, og dens aktivitet er blevet udvidet siden 1992, hvor den langvarige borgi;rkrig i landet ophorte.
In recent years, the EIB has pro­ conflict.
Lângivningen inden for rammerne af den fjerde Lomekonvention har gjort det muligt at forbedre
Loans, approved under
Tlf.: (+351) 21 342 89 89 Fax: (+351) 21 347 04 87
Tel. +351 - 21 342 89 89 or 21 342 88 48 Fax+351 -21 347 04 87
Kontoret i London 68, Pall Mall GB-London SWIY 5ES
London Office 68, Pall Mall GB-London SWIY 5ES
Tlf: (+44) 207 343 1200 Fax: (+44) 207 930 9929
Tel.+44(0)207 343 1200 Fax +44 (0) 207 930 9929 mining factor behind this surge
Af de 30,7 mia EUR, EIB har stillet til râdighed i Tyskiand i de seneste 10 âr, er ca. halvdelen gâet til de nye delstater.
Government and Länder Gov ten years, about half was de financing operations, particu ernments and keeping abreast ployed in the new Länder.
Tlf.: (+32) 2 230 98 90 Fax: (+32) 2 230 58 27
Tel. +32 (0) 2 230 98 90 Fax +32 (0) 2 230 58 27 relations with investors and currently under way on new focal point for the EIB.
Ultimo maj âbnede EIB sit nye kontor I Berlin.
Since partner banks.
Siden 1990 har EIB seksdoblet sit ârlige udlânsbelob i Tyskiand til 5,5 mia EUR i 1999, hvilket gor landet til den storste modtager af dens finansieringsbidrag.
Since 1990, the EIB has increased projects, including modernisa the annual volume of its lend tion of gas, district heating and ing in Germany sixfold, to water supply facilities, construc
Di'n tyske genforening har vaeret en afgorende ârsag til dette op-
reach EUR 5.5 billion in 1999, tion work in the
Berlin er blevet et saerligt braendpunkt for EIB.
Potsdamer making this country the lead
Trykt pa Arctic silk (miljomaerket »Nordic Swan«) af Victor Buck, Luxembourg
Platz and upgrading of hospi ing recipient of EIB funds.
Deo tyske finansminister Hans Eichel (til hojre) og naestformand
tals in east Berlin. •
Regionudvikling, en af EIB's hovedaktiviteter
Regional development: at the heart of the ElB's activities
EIB-forum 2000 Regionudvikling: Effektiv udnyttelse af de økonomiske midler
EIB Forum 2000: Regional development -making efficient use of financial resources
EIB vært for konference om transeuropæiske net »Status og udsig-
The EIB to host TENs conference "Achievements to date and the way forward"
To nye næstformænd
Two new Vice-Presidents
Det sjette årlige EIB-forum drejede sig om regionudvikling, der er Bankens hovedopgave.
The sixth annual EIB Forum was devoted to regional development, the Bank's principal task.
deres effektivitet. Det skylder vi såvel EIB's ejere som Europas befolkning.
them more effective.
At investere i dårlige projekter er spild af kapital - og det betyder tabte vækstmuligheder og arbejdspladser i Europa«.
To invest in bad projects would be a waste of capital - and this would mean missing out on growth poten­tial and losing jobs in Europe."
Formanden for EIB Philippe Maystadt forklarede valget af dette tema således: »Vi har brug for at udveksle erfaringer, så vi løbende kan forbedre vore forretninger og
EIB President Philippe Maystadt explained the choice of theme: "We need to exchange our exper­iences so that we can constantly improve our operations and make
Denne udgave af EIB Information fokuserer specielt på regionudvikling, herunder sammenhangen med reformen af EU s strukturfonde og EIB 's aktivitet i denne forbindehe
This issue of EIB Information focuses on Regional Development, particufarly in the light of reform of the EU Structural Funds and associated EIB activities
Mere om EIB-forum 2000 s. 6-10
More on the EIB FORUM 2000 (pages 6 -10)
EIB's hovedaktivitet ningsplan for perloden 20002001, ¡det den tillægger regionudvikling og samhørigheden i Unionen absolut topprioritet i forbindelse med virkeliggørelsen af Agenda 2000.
Regional development: at the heart of the ElB's activities al Plan (COP) covering the period 2000-2001, which gives top priority to regional develop­ment and the Union's cohesion as part of implementation of Agenda 2000.
Denne traktat bekræfter dermed det mål om en afbalanceret udvikling, der allerede indgik i Romtraktaten af 1958, idet denne definerede EIB's hovedopgave som værende at fremme projekter, der bidrager til ophjælpning af mindre udviklede områder.
It thereby confirmed the goal of consistent development estab­lished in the Treaty of Rome in 1958, which assigned to the EIB the vital task of supporting pro­jects contributing to growth in the less advanced regions.
Styrkelse af den økonomiske og sociale samhørighed med henblik på en harmonisk udvikling af Unionens regioner er ¡følge
The Treaty of Amsterdam pointed up the importance of strengthening the European Union's economic and social fabric, targeting balanced regional development Community-wide, as one of the main priorities of EU policy
Denne fortrinsstilling blev lige ledes bekræftet i Bankens forret side :
This assistance has taken the form of indivi­dual loans (104 billion) and global loan allocations (29 billion) for small and mediumscale infrastructure and SME projects.