natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
$EN฀ ANDEN฀ BE SffT E M M E L S E ฀ OMHANDLER฀ FORORDNINGENS฀ FOR R AN G ฀ FOR฀EN฀ R � K K E ฀ INTERNATIONALE฀ KONVENTIONER฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ SOM฀ ALLE฀ ELLER฀ NOGLE฀ AF฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNE฀ ER฀ KONTRAHERENDE฀ PARTER฀ I฀ $ E T ฀DREJER฀SIG฀OM฀ (AAGERKONVENTIONEN฀ AF฀ ฀ OM฀ BESKYTTELSE฀ AF฀ M IN D R E � R I GE ฀ ,UXEMBOURG KONVENTIONEN฀AF฀ ฀ OM฀ � GT EffS K A B S ฀ G YL D IG HED฀ (AAGERKONVENTIONEN฀ AF฀ ฀ OM฀ ANERKENDELSE฀ AF฀ SKILS M I S S ER฀ DEN฀ E U R O P� I SKE฀ KONVENTION฀ AF฀ ฀ OM฀ FOR � L D R E MffY N D IG HED฀ OG฀ ENDELIG฀ (AAGERKONVENTIONEN฀ AF฀ ฀ OM฀DE฀ CIVILRETLIGE฀ VIRKNINGER฀ AF฀ INTERNATIONALE฀ B A R N EB O R TF � R E L S ER฀ & OR฀ D I S S EffS ฀ VE D KOMMENDE฀ T I L F � J EffS ฀ DET฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ AT฀DE฀ FORTSAT฀ HAR฀ V I R K NING฀ FOR฀ S � ฀ VIDT฀ AN G � R ฀ DE฀ S P� R G SffM � L ฀ 23a4225a3;27avguvqaFC
-ATTERS฀RELATING฀TO฀CHILD฀PROTECTION฀HAVE฀BEEN฀GIVEN฀A฀MAJOR฀BOOST฀BY฀THE฀RE C E N T L Y ฀ ADOPTED฀ "RUSSELS฀ ))A฀ 2EGULATION฀ & I R S T L Y ฀ THE฀ SCOPE฀OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ HAS฀ 23a4225a3;27avguvqaGP
& OR฀ S � ฀ VIDT฀ AN G � R ฀ � GT EffS K A B S S A GE R N E ฀ ER฀ DET฀ BE K LA GE L I GT ฀ AT฀ OM R � DER฀ DER฀ S � D V AN L IG VIS฀ HAR฀ TILKNYTNING฀ TIL฀ A FG � R E L S ER฀ OM฀ OM SffT� DELSE฀ AF฀ � GT EffS K A B ฀ SKILSMISSE฀ ELLER฀ SEPARATION฀ F E K S ฀ U N D E R H O L D S B I D R A G ฀ OG฀ O P L �ffS NING฀ AF฀ FORMUEFORHOLDET฀ MELLEM฀ � GT EF� L L E R N E ฀ FORTSAT฀ ER฀ U D E LAD T ฀ (VOR฀ V I฀ H V A D ฀ AN G � R ฀ U N D E R H O L D S B I D R A G ฀ HAR฀ DEN฀ FORDEL฀ AT฀ V I฀ KAN฀ ANVENDE฀ "RUXELLES฀) FORORDNINGEN฀ ฀ ER฀ DETTE฀ IKKE฀ T I L F � L DET฀ FOR฀ S � ฀ VIDT฀ AN G � R ฀ FORMUEFORHOLDET฀ MELLEM฀ � GT EF� L L E R N E ฀ DER฀ FORTSAT฀ ER฀
BEEN฀ EXTENDED฀ WITH฀ THE฀ NEW฀ T E X T ฀ COVERING฀ ALL฀ CHILDREN฀ REGARDLESS฀ OF฀ THEIR฀ FAMILY฀ SITUATION฀ 3 E CON D L Y ฀ A฀ @ %UROPEAN฀ ENFORCEMENT฀ ORDER฀ HAS฀ BEEN฀ C RE A T E D ฀ FOR฀ JUDGMENTS฀ ON฀ RIGHTS฀ OF฀ ACCESS฀ AND฀ RE T U R N ฀ THE฀ I M PO R T ANCE฀ OF฀ WHICH฀ IS฀ S T RE S S E D ฀ IN฀ RE C I T AL ฀ ฀ 4 H I R D L Y ฀ AND฀ L A S T L Y ฀ A฀ PROCEDURE฀ FOR฀ COOPERATION฀BETWEEN฀ AUTHORITIES฀ HAS฀ BEEN฀ INTRODUCED฀ WHICH฀ WILL฀ FU L l L ฀ AN฀ IMPORTANT฀ AND฀ U L T I M A T E L Y ฀ P RE V E N TIVE฀ FU N C T I O N
D e n g Ü r ikke u d o ve r , h v a d d e r e r n ñ d ve n d ig tfo r a t n Ü d i s s e m Ü l .
N V K N [ D ] J ] N J [ N ¥ ^ O O R L R N W ] U b L U X ¥ N " R W T N N Y R W P ` R ] Q ] Q N P [ X ^ W M ¥ X O S ^ [ R ¥ M R L ] R X W U J R M M X ` W R W ] Q N C N P ^ U J ] R X W $
Af d e l in g 3
( $ 3 L X ^ [ ] X O J ? N V K N [ D ] J ] N R W ` Q R L Q [ N L XfiP W R ] R X W R ¥ ¥ X ^ PQ ] X O J S ^ M P V N W ] P R _ N W R W ; [ N U J W M X [ ] Q N F W R ] N M = R W P M X V V J b ¥ ] J b ] Q N Y [ X L N N M R W P ¥ R O N W O X [ L N V N W ] R ¥ ¥ ^ ¥ Y N W M N M R W ] Q N ? N V K N [ D ] J ] N X O X [ R P R W K b [ N J ¥ X W X O J W J Y Y N JU $
Af d e l in g 2
5 :3 BE 7 C ; G
2 G N W K T H V N F D X SF G N T G
J !J L X Y b X O ] Q N M [ JO ] J P [ N N V N W ] ¥ 1
I s i d sfft n Ý v n t e t i l f Ý l d e k an ret t e n f a sfft s Ý t t e e n f r i s tfo r i v Ý r k s Ý t t e l - s e af a p p e l e l l e r ge n o p t a ge l s e .
' $ E ` X X [ V X [ N ? N V K N [ D ] J ] N ¥ V J b L X W L U ^ M N J P [ N N V N W ] ¥ X [ J [ [ J W P N V N W ] ¥ ] X J V Y U R O b ] Q R ¥ C N P ^ U J ] R X W X [ ] X O J L R U R ] J ] N R ] ¥ J Y Y U R L J ] R X W $
/8 96 :2 386 53 0 3 > ? 399 3 8 > 3 = a ) e n ge n p a r t af rets a fg ñ r e l s e n , d e r o p f yl d e r d e n ñ d ve n d i ge be t in ge l s e r med h e nffs y n t i lg o d t g ñ r e l s e af d e nffs Ý gt h e d , o g * B D ; < 9 = # & b ) d e n a t t effs t , s om e r om h an d l e t i a r t i k e l 33. 4 Q SffJ Q N FG U U K N CP FS G K P T UffS V O GP U G S
A O O R L R JU < X ^ [ W JU X O ] Q N 7 ^ [ X Y N J W 5 X V V ^ W R ] R N ¥ > ' , & % ( / 5 :3 BE 7 C G ;
Ret e l l e r mffy n d ig h e d , d e r h a r u d sfft e d t a t t effs t e n
5 X ^ [ ] ` Q R L Q M N U R _ N [ N M ] Q N S ^ M P V N W ]
Tlf ./ f a x / e - p o sfft t
< ^ M P V N W ] + $ ' $
Ret , d e r h a r t r u f f e t rets a fg ñ r e l s e n
5 Q R U M [ N W ` Q X J [ N L X _ N [ N M K b ] Q N S ^ M P V N W ]
Ret t e nffs n a v n ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
8 ^ U U W J V N J W M M J ] N X O K R [ ] Q f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Ret t e nffs h j e mffs t e d ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
8 ^ U U W J V N J W M M J ] N X O K R [ ] Q f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
E r rets a fg ñ r e l s e n b l e ve t forkyn d tfo r d e n p a r t , m o d h ve m fuldbyr d e l s eb e g Ý r effs ?
CIVIL LAW EUROPEAN JUDICIAL COOPERATIONInsolvency proceedings
Forkyn d e l s effs d a t o ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒
฀ & IN AL L Y ฀ IN฀ ADDITION฀ TO฀ THESE฀ RULES฀ REGULATING฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ IN฀ GENERAL฀ THERE฀ ARE฀ #OMMUNITY฀ T E X T S ฀ THAT฀ A D D RE S S ฀ SPECIlC฀ PROBLEMS฀ RELATING฀ TO฀ INSOLVENCY฀ /F ฀ PARTICULAR฀ RE L E V ANCE฀ ARE฀ $ I RE C TIVE฀ %#฀ OF฀ ฀ -AY฀ ฀ ON฀ S E T TLEMENT฀ l N AL I T Y ฀ IN฀ PAYMENT฀ AND฀ SECURITIES฀ S E T TLEMENT฀ SYSTEMS฀ SEE฀ ! R T I C L E S ฀ ฀ TO฀ ฀ AND฀ $ I RE C TIVE฀ %#฀ OF฀ ฀ *U N E ฀ ฀ ON฀ lNANCIAL฀ COLLATERAL฀ ARRANGEMENTS฀ ONE฀ OF฀ THE฀MAIN฀ O BJE C T I V E S ฀ OF฀ WHICH฀ IS฀ TO฀PROTECT฀ CREDITORS฀ BENElTING฀ FROM฀ lNANCIAL฀ COLLATERAL฀ FROM฀ THE฀ RISKS฀ OF฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ INSOLVENCY฀ !RTICLE฀ 23a4225a3;27avguvqaGP
Han er ogsì medlem af Den Spanske Lov-kommission, Afdelingen for Handelsret.
I I ฀ PRO M O TING฀ EF l C I E NCY ฀ BY฀ F A V O U R ING฀ SIMPLE฀ SOLUTIONS฀ WHICH฀ ARE฀ E A S Y ฀ TO฀ APPLY฀IN฀PRACTICE�
Hans hovedinteresseomrìde er internationale forretningstransaktioner, herunder lovkon‹ikter, interna-tionale retstvister og voldgift. Han var Spaniens ekspert i gruppen vedrł-rende EF-konkurskonventionen (1995) og blev udnºvnt som o/ciel rap-portłr for konventionen sammen med E. Schmit fra Luxembourg.
I I I ฀ EXCLUDING฀ FROM฀ THE฀#OMMUNITY฀ SPHERE฀ ANY฀DIFFERENCES฀ IN฀ TREATMENT฀ A S S O C I A T E D ฀ WITH฀ THE฀ L O C A TION฀OF฀ THE฀ C RE DI T OR฀ OR฀ THE฀ SOURCE฀ OF฀ THE฀ C RE DI T S
CIVILRET DET EUROP̶ISKE RETLIGE SAMARBEJDEKonkurs
CIVIL LAW EUROPEAN JUDICIAL COOPERATIONInsolvency proceedings
I. Indledning
Territorial scope
CIVILRET DET EUROP̶ISKE RETLIGE SAMARBEJDE Konkurs
CIVIL LAW EUROPEAN JUDICIAL COOPERATION Insolvency proceedings
฀ +ONKURSFORORDNINGEN฀ KAN฀ UMIDDELBART฀ F �RES฀ TILBAGE฀ TIL฀ "RUXELLES KON K U R S KONVENTIONEN฀ FRA฀ ฀ DER฀ A L D R IG ฀ T R � D T E ฀ I฀ KRAFT฀ +ONVENTIONEN฀ BLEV฀ L E D S A G ET฀AF฀ EN฀ FOR K LA RENDE฀ BE T� N K NING฀ DER฀ A L D R IG ฀ BLEV฀ G O D K E N D T ฀ SELV฀ OM฀ DEN฀ O G S � ฀ VAR฀ BLEVET฀ FOR H AN D LET฀ MELLEM฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNE฀ ( E NffS I GT EN฀ MED฀ BE T� N K NINGEN฀ VAR฀ AT฀ FOR K LA R E ฀ TILBLIVELSE N ฀ AF฀ OG฀ BE G R U N D E L S EN฀ FOR฀ H VE R ฀ E N K E L T ฀ BE SffT E M M E L S E ฀ I฀ KONVENTIONEN฀ FOR฀ DEM฀ DER฀ SKULLE฀ FOR T O L K E ฀ DEN฀ - EN฀ DA฀ FORORDNINGEN฀ N � R M EffS T ฀ UDEN฀ � N D R IN GE R ฀ GE N GIVER฀ H O VE D P A R T EN฀ AF฀ KONVENTIONENS฀ BESTEMMELSER฀ KAN฀ BE T� N K NINGEN฀ BRUGES฀ SOM฀ SUPPLEMENT฀ VED฀ FORTOLKNINGEN฀ AF฀ FORORDNINGEN฀ " E T� N K NINGEN฀ lNDES฀ I฀ R � D S D O K ฀ ฀ 2 % 6 ฀ ฀ $ 2 3 ฀ ฀ # & # III. Mìl
฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ APPLIES฀ TO฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ � ฀ REORGANISATION฀ OR฀ WINDING ฀ UP ฀ � ฀ THAT฀ M E E T ฀ THE฀ FOLLOWING฀ F O U R ฀ CON DI T I O N S
฀ % T ฀ VE LFU N GE RENDE฀ IN D R E ฀ M A R K E D ฀ K R � VE R ฀ AT฀ G R � NffS E O VE R S K R I D E N DE฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLINGER฀ FORE G � R ฀ EF F E K T I V T ฀ +ONKURSFORORDNINGEN฀ HAR฀ MED฀ HENBLIK฀ H E R P� ฀ T R E ฀ GE N E R E L L E ฀ M � L
I I ฀ 4 H E Y ฀ MUST฀ BE฀ BASED฀ ON฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ INSOLVENCY฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ DOES฀ NOT฀ D E l N E ฀ THIS฀ SITUATION฀ THE฀ E X ACT฀ CONDITIONS฀ IN฀WHICH฀ SUCH฀ A฀ C R I S IS฀ WOULD฀ ARISE฀ ARE฀ D E T E R M IN E D ฀ BY฀NATIONAL฀ L A W
฀ AT฀ F J E R N E ฀ DEN฀ UffS IKKE R HED฀ DER฀ S KYL D EffS ฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNES฀ FOR S K E L L IG A R T E DE฀ LOVGIVNING฀ VED฀ AT฀ IN D F � R E ฀ EN฀ ENSARTET฀ INTERNATIONAL฀PRIVATRET L IG ฀ O R D NING
I I I ฀ 4 H E Y ฀ MUST฀ INVOLVE฀ THE฀ TO T AL ฀ OR฀ P A R T I AL ฀ DI V E S T MENT฀ OF฀ THE฀ D E BT OR฀ I E ฀ THE฀TRANSFER฀TO฀ANOTHER฀PERSON฀OF฀THE฀POWERS฀OF฀ADMINISTRATION฀AND฀OF฀ DIS PO S AL ฀ OVER฀ ALL฀ OR฀ P A R T ฀ OF฀ HIS฀ ASSETS฀ OR฀ THE฀ L I M I T A TION฀OF฀ THESE฀ POWERS฀ THROUGH฀ IN T E R VENTION฀ AND฀ CON T R O L ฀ OF฀ HIS฀ A C T I O N S ฀ 4HE฀ LEGAL฀ NATURE฀ OF฀ SUCH฀ A฀ DI V E S T MENT฀ UNDER฀ THE฀ APPLICABLE฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ IS฀ I R RE L E V AN T
฀ AT฀ F R E M M E ฀ EF F E K T I V I T E T EN฀ VED฀ AT฀ T I L B Y DE฀ E N K L E ฀ L �ffS NING ER฀DER฀ ER฀ LETTE฀ AT฀ ANVENDE฀I฀PRAKSIS
I V ฀ 4 H E Y ฀ MUST฀ INVOLVE฀ THE฀APPOINTMENT฀OF฀ A฀ LIQUIDATOR฀ OR฀ E Q U I V AL ENT฀ lG U RE ฀ SEE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ 4HIS฀ RE Q U I RE MENT฀ IS฀ A฀ C O R O L L A R Y ฀OF฀THE฀ PREVIOUS฀ ONE฀ DI V E S T MENT฀ MUST฀ E N T A I L ฀ THE฀APPOINTMENT฀OF฀ A฀ LIQUIDATOR฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ U S E S ฀ A฀ VERY฀ B R O A D ฀DE l N I TION฀OF฀ @ LIQUIDATOR฀ ANY฀ PER S ON฀ OR฀ BO D Y ฀ WHOSE฀ FUNCTION฀ IS฀ TO฀ A D M INI S T E R ฀ OR฀ L I Q U I D A T E ฀ ASSETS฀OF฀WHICH฀THE฀DEBTOR฀HAS฀BEEN฀DIVESTED฀OR฀TO฀SUPERVISE฀THE฀AD M INI S T R A TION฀OF฀ HIS฀ AF F A I R S ฀ !RTICLE฀ B
฀ AT฀ F J E R N E ฀ FOR S K E L S BEHANDLING฀ I฀ & � L L EffS S K A B ET฀ SOM฀ F � L GE ฀ AF฀ K R E D I T O R S ฀ O PH O L D S SffT E D ฀ ELLER฀ FOR D R IN GE R N EffS ฀ O P R IN D E L S E IV. Regelmodeller
฀ ( O W E V E R ฀ FOR฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ TO฀ APPLY฀ IT฀ IS฀NOT฀ SUFlCIENT฀ FOR฀ NATIONAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ TO฀ S A T I S F Y ฀ THESE฀ F O U R ฀ CONDITIONS฀ G E N E R I C AL L Y ฀ !RTICLE฀ A฀ AND฀ C ฀ REQUIRES฀THE฀PROCEEDINGS฀IN฀QUESTION฀TO฀BE฀EXPRESSLY฀INCLUDED฀IN฀!NNEXES฀ ! ฀ AND฀ " ฀ TO฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ / N C E ฀ THE฀PROCEEDINGS ฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ INCLUDED฀ IN฀ THESE฀ AN N E X E S ฀ THERE฀ IS฀ NO฀ FURTHER฀ C H E C K ฀ THAT฀ THEY฀ S A T I S F Y ฀ THE฀ ABOVE M E N TIONED฀CONDITIONS�฀THEIR฀MERE฀PRESENCE฀ON฀THE฀LIST฀OF฀NATIONAL฀PROCEEDINGS฀ INCLUDED฀ IS฀ SUFlCIENT฀ FOR฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ TO฀BE฀ A P P L I C A B L E
฀ $E฀ INTERNATIONALE฀ KONKURSREGLER฀ BETRAGTES฀ NORMALT฀ UD฀ FRA฀ TO฀ FORSKELLIGE฀ R E GE L M O D ELLER฀ DEN฀ TERRITORIALE฀ M O D E L ฀ OG฀ DEN฀ U N I VE R S E L L E ฀ M O D E L ฀ & O R O R D NING฀ % & ฀ N R ฀ ฀ OM฀ KON K U R S ฀ ER฀ BASERET฀ P� ฀ EN฀ M E L L E M L IG GE N DE฀ M O D E L ฀ ELLER฀ w M O D E R AT฀ U N I VE R S A L I T E T i฀ $EN฀ SVARER฀ TIL฀ 5 . # ) 42 ! , MODELLO VE N ฀ OM฀ G R � NffS E O VE R S K R I D E N DE฀ KON K U R S ฀ OG฀ ER฀ EN฀ INTERNATIONAL฀ SffT AN D A R D ฀ P� ฀ OM R � DET฀ 5 D G AN G S P U N K T ET฀ ER฀ DEN฀ U N I VE R S E L L E ฀ M O D E L ฀ FOR฀ S � ฀ VIDT฀ SOM฀ DEN฀ T I L LADER฀ INDLEDNING฀ AF฀ EN฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLING฀ I฀DEN฀ STAT฀ HVOR฀ CENTRET฀ FOR฀ 23a4225a3;27avguvqaFC
฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ DOES฀ NOT฀ L A Y ฀ DOWN฀ ANY฀ RE S T R I C T I O N S ฀ BASED฀ ON฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ NATURE฀ 4 H E Y ฀MAY฀BE฀ N A T U R AL ฀ OR฀ LEGAL฀ PER S O N S ฀ INDE P E N D E N T L Y ฀OF฀THE฀ FORM฀ TAKEN฀ BY฀ THE฀ BO D Y ฀ OR฀ A S S O C I A TION฀ OR฀ LEGAL฀ E N T I T I E S ฀ WITHOUT฀ PER S O N AL I T Y ฀ AND฀ S EP A R A T E ฀ ASSETS฀ AS฀ LONG฀ AS฀ UNDER฀ THE฀ APPLICABLE฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ THEY฀ CAN฀ BE฀ THE฀ SUBJECT฀ OF฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ ALSO฀ APPLIES฀ INDE P E N D E N T L Y ฀OF฀THE฀ PER S O N AL ฀ STATUS฀ OF฀ THE฀ D E BT OR฀ WHETHER฀ H E ฀ IS฀ A฀ T R A D E R ฀ OR฀ NON T R A D E R ฀ PRO F E S SIONAL฀ OR฀ CON S U M E R ฀ E T C
SKYLDNERENS฀ HOVEDINTERESSER฀ BElNDER฀ SIG฀ OG฀ GIVER฀ DENNE฀ BEHANDLING฀ U N I VE R S E L ฀ R � K K EV I D DE฀ FOR฀ S � ฀ VIDT฀ AN G � R ฀ B � DE฀ DE฀ INVOLVEREDE฀ AKTIVER฀ OG฀DE฀ BE R � R T E ฀ K R E D I T O R ER฀ ) ฀ PRINCIPPET฀ ER฀ ALLE฀ AKTIVER฀ OMFATTET฀ AF฀ BE HANDLINGEN฀ U AN S ET฀ HVOR฀ DE฀ BElNDER฀ SIG฀ OG฀ ALLE฀ SKYLDNERENS฀ K R E D I T O R ER฀ KAN฀ DELTAGE฀ I฀DEN฀ $ENNE฀ M O D E L ฀ ER฀ DESUDEN฀ BASERET฀ P� ฀ ANVENDELSEN฀ AF฀ � N ฀ LOV฀ NEMLIG฀ LOV EN฀ I฀DEN฀ MEDLEMSSTAT฀ P� ฀ HVIS฀ OM R � DE฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLINGEN฀ INDLEDES฀ LEX฀ FOR I฀ CONCURSUS ฀ P R IN C I P A L I S ฀ FOR฀ S � ฀ VIDT฀ AN G � R ฀ B � DE฀ INSOL VE NffS E NffS ฀ P R O C EffS SffU E L L E ฀ OG฀ M A T E R I E L L E ฀ A S P E K T ER฀ ( E R EFTER฀ ER฀DER฀ F A SffT S AT฀ ET฀ S � T ฀ REGLER฀ DER฀ M O D E R E R ER฀ M O D E L L E NffS ฀ U N I VE R S A L I T ET฀ $ ER฀ ER฀ I฀ BU N D ฀ OG฀ G R U N D ฀ TALE฀OM฀ TO฀ T Y P ER฀ REGLER฀ 0 � ฀ DEN฀ ENE฀ SIDE฀ ER฀DER฀ LOV V A LG S REGLERNE฀ DER฀ HAR฀ TIL฀ FOR M � L ฀ AT฀ IN D F � R E ฀ UNDTAGELSER฀ FRA฀ DEN฀ GE N E R E L L E ฀ ANVENDELSE฀ AF฀ LOV EN฀ I฀DEN฀ STAT฀ P� ฀ HVIS฀ OM R � DE฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLINGEN฀ INDLEDES฀ S � L E D EffS ฀ AT฀ VISSE฀ S P� R G SffM � L ฀ ELLER฀ RETTIGHEDER฀ IKKE฀ER฀ U N D E R LA GT ฀ DEN฀ LOV฀ DER฀ lNDER฀ ANVENDELSE฀ P� ฀ KON K U R S EN฀ MEN฀ DERIMOD฀ EN฀ ANDEN฀ N A T I O N A L ฀ LOV฀ 0 � ฀ DEN฀ ANDEN฀ SIDE฀ ER฀DER฀ DE฀ REGLER฀ DER฀ HAR฀ TIL฀ FOR M � L ฀ A T ฀MULIG G � R E ฀ INDLEDNINGEN฀ AF฀ EN฀ TERRITORIAL฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLING฀ D V S ฀ EN฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLING฀ HVIS฀ R � K K EV I D DE฀ ER฀ BE G R � NffS ET฀ TIL฀ SKYLDNERENS฀ AKTIVER฀ I฀DEN฀ STAT฀ HVOR฀ DENNE฀ BEHANDLING฀ INDLEDES฀ $ ER฀ ER฀ F A SffT S AT฀ EN฀ R � K K E ฀ P R � C I S E R IN GE R ฀ I฀DEN฀ H E NffS E E N DE฀ S � ฀ GRUNDREGLEN฀ D V S ฀ KON K U R S E NffS ฀ U N I VE R S A L I T ET฀ IKKE฀ U N D E R M IN E R EffS ฀ 3 � L E D EffS ฀ KAN฀ EN฀ TERRITORIAL฀ INSOLVENSBEHANDLING฀ KUN฀ INDLEDES฀ D � R ฀ HVOR฀ SKYLDNEREN฀HAR฀ ET฀ FORRETNINGSSTED฀ D E L T A GE L S EN฀ ER฀ IKKE฀ BE G R � NffS ET฀ TIL฀ L O KAL E ฀ K R E D I T O R ER฀ OG฀ DEN฀ IN D L E D T E ฀ BEHANDLING฀ ER฀ U N D E R LA GT ฀ REGLER฀ OM฀ SAMORDNING฀ MED฀ H O VE D INSOLVENSBEHANDLINGEN
฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ DOES฀ NOT฀ APPLY฀ TO฀ IN S U R ANCE฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ CREDIT฀ IN S T I T U T I O N S ฀ INVESTMENT฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ WHICH฀ PROVIDE฀ SERVICES฀ INVOLVING฀ THE฀ H O L D ING฀ OF฀ FUNDS฀ OR฀ SECURITIES฀ FOR฀ THIRD฀ PARTIES฀ OR฀ TO฀ COLLECTIVE฀ INVESTMENT฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ 4HESE฀ UNDERTAKINGS฀ ARE฀ GOVERNED฀BY฀ SPECIlC฀ REGULATIONS฀ SEE฀ 3ECTION฀ ฀ ABOVE
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฀ )N฀ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THE฀COURTS฀OF฀ THE฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀ TERRITORY฀ OF฀ WHICH฀ THE฀ C E N T RE ฀ OF฀ A ฀DE BT O R S ฀ MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ IS฀SITUATED฀ SHALL฀ HAVE฀ JURISDICTION฀ TO฀ OPEN฀ INSOLVENCY฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ 4HESE฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ ARE฀ KNOWN฀ AS฀ THE฀MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ AND฀ THEY฀ HAVE฀ U N I V E R S AL ฀ SCOPE฀ 4HIS฀ M E AN S ฀ THAT฀ THEY฀ A I M ฀ AT฀ E N C O M P A S S ING฀ ALL฀ THE฀ D E BT O R S ฀ ASSETS฀ AND฀ AT฀ AF F E C TING฀ ALL฀ CREDITORS฀ W H A T E V E R ฀ THEIR฀ L O C A TION฀ ON฀ A฀ W O R L D W I D E ฀ B A S IS฀ AND฀ NOT฀ JU S T ฀ ON฀ A฀ #OMMUNITY฀ B A S IS฀ )T฀ IS฀ IMPORTANT฀ TO฀ PO IN T ฀ OUT฀ THAT฀THE฀REGULATION฀DOES฀NOT฀RESTRICT฀THE฀INTERNATIONAL฀JURISDICTION฀OF฀THE฀ COURTS฀ OF฀ THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ TO฀ THE฀ %UROPEAN฀ SPHERE฀ N OR฀ DOES฀ IT฀ L E A V E ฀ THIS฀ M A T T E R ฀ TO฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ /F ฀ C O U R S E ฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ CAN฀ ONLY฀ G U A R AN T E E ฀ U N I V E R S AL ฀ SCOPE฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀ %UROPEAN฀#OMMUNITY฀ A RE A฀ / U T S I D E ฀ THE฀#OMMUNITY฀ THIS฀ U N I V E R S AL ฀ SCOPE฀ D EP E N DfiS ฀ ON฀ THE฀ E X I S T E N C E ฀ OF฀ A฀ T RE A T Y ฀ WITH฀ THE฀3TATE฀ OR฀ 3TATES฀ IN฀ QUESTION฀ AND฀ ON฀ WHETHER฀ THE฀ LEGAL฀ SYSTEM฀OF฀ SUCH฀ 3TATE฀ OR฀ 3TATES฀ ALLOWS฀ I T
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฀ 4HE฀ CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀ IS฀ AN฀ AU TO N O M O U S ฀ CON C EP T ฀ I E ฀ A฀ CON C EP T ฀ SPECIlC฀ TO฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ WITH฀ A฀ UNIFORM฀ M E AN ING฀ INDEPENDENT฀ OF฀ NATIONAL฀ LAW฀ )N฀ ORDER฀ TO฀ FACILITATE฀ ITS฀ INTERPRETATION฀ AND฀ APPLICATION฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ A฀ PROVIDES฀ A ฀DE l N I TION฀ FOR฀ THE฀ T E R M ฀ OFFE R ING฀ A฀ UNIFORM฀ CON C EP T ฀ FOR฀ ALL฀-EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ AND฀ L A Y ING฀ DOWN฀ THE฀ B A S E S ฀ FOR฀ RE AL I S ING฀ IT฀ SEE฀ RE C I T AL ฀ ฀ IN฀ THE฀PREAMBLE฀ TO฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀MAIN฀ INTERESTS฀MEANS฀ THE฀ PLACE฀WHERE฀THE฀DEBTOR฀CONDUCTS฀THE฀ADMINISTRATION฀OF฀HIS฀INTERESTS฀ON฀A฀ RE G U L A R ฀ B A S IS฀ AND฀ IS฀ THEREFORE฀ A S C E R T A IN ABLE฀ BY฀ THIRD฀ PARTIES�฀ AND฀ B ฀ ESTABLISHES฀ A฀ P RE S U M P TION฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ WHICH฀ S I M P L I l E S ฀ THE฀ APPLICATION฀ OF฀ THE฀ RULE฀ IN฀ THE฀CASE฀OF฀ A฀ C O M P ANY฀ OR฀ LEGAL฀ PER S ON฀ THE฀ PLACE ฀OF฀THE฀ REGISTERED฀ OFlCE฀SHALL฀BE฀PRESUMED฀TO฀BE฀THE฀CENTRE฀OF฀ITS฀MAIN฀INTERESTS฀IN฀THE฀AB S E N C E ฀ OF฀ PROOF฀ TO฀ THE฀ CON T R A R Y
Forordningens materielle anvendelsesomrìde
The territorial proceedings
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฀ 4HE฀ INSOLVENCY฀ REGULATION฀ ALLOWS฀ THE฀OPENING฀OF฀ TERRITORIAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ BEFORE฀ AS฀ W E L L ฀ AS฀ AFTER฀ THE฀MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ OPENED฀ SEE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ AND฀ ฀ 4HE฀ P RE CONDITIONS฀ AND฀ FUNCTIONS฀ ARE฀ DIFFERENT฀ IN฀ EACH฀ CASE
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฀ % V E N ฀ IF฀ NO฀ P R IN C I P AL ฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ OPENED฀ TERRITORIAL฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ MAY฀ STILL฀ BE฀ OPENED฀ AND฀ IN฀ THE฀ ABSENCE฀ OF฀ MAIN฀PROCEEDINGS฀ WITH฀ WHICH฀
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