natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
(Inden for supermarkedssekto­ren i Danmark findes ikke længere mekaniske kasseapparater.)
(Mechanical cash registers are no longer used in the supermarket sector in Denmark.)
De simple elektroniske apparater er i virkeligheden kun direkte afløsere af de tidligere elektromekaniske apparater og repræsen­terer i systemmæssig henseende ingen fornyelse.
The simple electronic machines are in reality merely the direct descendants of the earlier electromagnetic ones and do not constitute an innovation from a systems point of view.
De større programmerbare kasseterminaler findes i to varianter, men grænsen mellem disse er flydende. I master/satellit­systemet tilsluttes et antal satellittermina­ler (­kasser) en master­terminal.
The larger programmable point-of-sale terminals fall into two categories, but the dividing line between them is blurred.
Alle informationer fra satel­litterne opsamles i masterterminalen, der også udskriver total­rapporter for forretningen.
All information from the satellites is collected in the master terminal, which also produces consolidated re ports for the business.
Det er karakeristisk for de nyere master­satellitsystemer, at der er mange udbygningsmuligheder. Der kan tilføjes datakapaci­tet (flere grupperinger).
A feature of the newer master-satellite systems is that they offer con siderable scope for function upgrading.
Der kan indlægges budgettal i syste­met, så der kan foretages afvigelsesrapportering over forskellen mellem budgetteret salg og faktisk salg.
Budget figures can be fed into the system, so that discrepancy reports can be produced on the differences between budgeted sales and actual sales.
En anden væsentlig ud­bygningsmulighed er, at der til terminalerne kan tilkobles scan­nere, vægt, pengetilbagegiver, kreditkortlæser m.v. De minidatamatstyrede kasseterminalsystemer regnes i faglittera­turen som de egentlige kasseterminalsystemer.
-14- ners, scales, change dispensers, credit-card readers, etc, can be connected to the terminals.
Masterens funk­tion er her overtaget af en minidatamat, der kan styre op til 50­60 terminaler.
The function of the master is assumed here by a minicomputer, which can control up to 5O-6O terminals.
I minidatamaten er der normalt plads til ca. 1000 varenumre.
The minicomputer normally has capacity for approximately 1000 stock item numbers.
Systemet kan udvides med et magnetpladelager, og kapaciteten derved øges til ca. 40.000 varenumre.
The system can be enlarged by the addition of a magnetic disk store, which increases its capacity to approximately 40 000 stock item numbers.
Systemet har således mange funktionsmuligheder og stor datakapacitet.
The system thus has many func tional possibilities and offers extensive data capacity.
Minidatamaten kan tilkobles en central datamat, der fysisk kan være placeret i eller uden for butikken.
The minicomputer can be connected to a central computer which physically can be located either within the store or elsewhere.
Endvidere kan den enkelte terminal udbygges med vægte, scannere m.v.
Individual terminals can also have scales, scanners, etc, connected to them.
Der findes i dag et utal af muligheder i henseende til opbygning af systemerne og systemernes kapacitet, for det andet er markedet meget levende, præget af mange nyheder og tiltagende skarp konkurrence.
A wide range of options is available today with which to build up a system and extend its capacity. Moreover, the market is a very vigorous one, characterized as it is by frequent innovations and increasingly keen competition. petition.
En række større supermarkeder - hovedsagelig blandt egentlige kæder - har i dag et kasseterminalsystem med price-look-up og sammenkobling mellem de enkelte kasser.
A number of larger supermarkets - belonging mainly to chains proper - now have a point-of-sale terminal system with price look-up facilities and with the individual cash registers connected in clusters.
Der er i alt tale om en bestand på 54 3 programmerbare kasseterminaler fordelt på 44 butikker.
The total park of programmable point-of-sale terminals is currently reported at 543» spread over 44 retail outlets.
Da et gennemsnitssupermarked har 5 kasser, ses det, at der er tale om de største supermarkeder.
Since an average supermarket has five check-outs, it may be assumed that the outlets in question here are the largest of the supermarkets.
Det må anslås, at der i supermarkedssektoren er et potentiale på ca. 6.000 kasser, svarende til 5 kasser pr. supermarked (ca. 1.200 supermarkeder).
The potential total for cash registers in the supermarket sector may be estimated at approximately 6000, corresponding to five check-outs per supermarket (approximately 1200 supermarkets).
Med en oplyst gennemsnitlig levetid for simple elektroniske kasseapparater på 7 år, kan foretages en mekanisk beregning af udskiftningstidspunkterne for den nuværende bestand.
With a reported average service life for simple electronic cash registers of seven years, the dates at which the present machine park will need to be replaced can be calculated on a "rule of thumb" basis.
Beregningen sker under forudsætning af, at udskiftningsmønstret er stabilt over tid, d.v.s. at udskiftningerne alene sker som følge af nedslidning.
The calculation assumes that the replacement pattern remains stable in time, ie that re placements arise only as old machines wear out.
Som det ses af tabel 11, vil hovedparten af udskiftningerne til programmerbare kasseterminaler finde sted efter 1985 (i perioden 1985-90) .
As Table 11 shows, the bulk of changeovers to programmable point-of-sale terminals will occur after I985 (during the period 1985-1990).
Akkumuleret %
Cumulative %
Note 2: Hertil kommer 915 terminaler installeret i 1983, som efter en syvårig levetid skal udskiftes i 1990.
2) In addition to these figures there are 915 terminals installed in 1983 which, after a seven-year service life, will need to be replaced in 1990.
Kilde: Egne beregninger på grundlag af bilag 2. Som det ses, regnes med 100% markedsdækning med programmerbare kasseterminaler i 1990.
Source: Own calculations based on Annex 2
Denne mekaniske beregning, der udelukkende tager sigte på at få et kvantitativt overblik over de tidspunkter, hvor supermarke­derne står over for at kunne remplacere simple elektroniske med moderne kasseterminalsystemer, bygger på en række forudsætnin­ger, hvis realisme nærmere må vurderes.
This rule-of-thumb calculation, aimed merely at obtaining a quantitative assessment of the dates when the supermarkets will be ready to replace simple electronic machines with modern point-of-sale terminal systems, is based on a number of assumptions the validity of which requires closer examination.
Antallet af supermarkeder påvirker selvsagt markedspotentialet for kasseterminalsystemer.
Obviously, the number of supermarkets influences the market potential for point-of-sale terminal systems.
Der er i beregningen regnet med det i dag eksisterende antal supermarkeder, d.v.s. vi har forudsat, at markedsmætning for supermarkeder var nået.
We have based the calculation on the number of supermarkets in existence today, in other words we have assumed that market saturation has been reached in supermarkets.
Dette synes at være en realistisk forudsætning, idet bl.a. til­ og afgang en række år har opvejet hinanden.
This seems to be a realistic assumption since, amongst other things, store openings and closures have been balancing each other out for a number of years.
Potentialet afhænger videre af, hvilken størrelse og opbygning (lay­out) supermarkederne vil få fremover, idet antallet af udgangskasser påvirkes heraf.
The potential also depends on the size and layout supermarkets will have in the future, since these factors influence the number of check-outs.
I beregningerne er forudsat, at det gennemsnitlige antal udgangs­kasser er 5. Meget taler for, at dette tal er realistisk også frem til 1990.
The calculations assume an average number of five check-outs.
Supermarkederne i dag har en vis overkapacitet i kassefunktio­nen, men på den anden side forventes en arealmæssig udvidelse af supermarkederne.
Supermarkets today have a certain surplus capacity in the cashier function; on the other hand, an expansion in sales area is expected.
Hertil kan føjes, at kundetilstrømnings­mønstret næppe undergår ændringer frem til 1990. Et potentiale på ca. 6.000 kasseterminaler synes derfor realistisk i hele peri­oden 1983­1990.
It may be added that customer traffic patterns are un likely to change between now and 1990.
Ser vi på andre af beregningernes forudsætninger, går vi ud fra en jævn udskiftning ved nedslidning.
Looking at some of the other assumptions on which the calculations are based, we have assumed an even pattern of replacement as old machines wear out.
Der er grund til at tro, at denne udskiftning vil ske hurtigere.
There is reason to believe that this replacement pattern will accele rate.
Således har sektoren et generelt renoveringsmæssigt efterslæb, hvilket gør det naturligt at renovere kassefunktionen samtidig med den øvrige butiksrenovering, selv om kasserne ikke er nedslidte.
For example, the sector has a general backlog of renovations, which means that it is natural for the cashier function to be reorganized along with the renovation of the store as a whole, even though the cash registers may not have reached the end of their service life.
Ny teknologi i dagligvarehandelen er en konkurrenceparameter, og en vis "band-wagon" effekt må også påregnes.
New technology in this trade sector is a parameter of competitiveness, and a certain "bandwagon" effect may also be anticipated.
I beregningerne er ét supermarked et supermarked, d.v.s. der er ikke taget hensyn til den beslutningsstruktur, som følger af kædetilhørsforhold.
For the purpose of our calculations, a supermarket is treated as a single outlet, ie no consideration has been given to the decision-making structure arising from chain-affiliation factors.
Eksempelvis vil en central beslutning i en egentlig kæde betyde en samtidig udskiftning i et stort antal butikker, uanset alderen af disse butikkers nuværende kassebestand.
For example, a central decision in a chain will mean simultaneous replacement in a large number of stores, re gardless of the age of these stores' existing cash registers.
Beslutter således kooperationen/Irma, at deres i alt 671 supermarkeder, d.v.s. ca. halvdelen af samtlige, skal ud skifte, vil dette selvsagt få betragtelige konsekvenser for indtrængningsforløbet.
Thus if the cooperative movement/lrma decide that their 67I supermarkets, ie half of the total, are to proceed with replacement, that will of course have farreaching consequences for the rate of market penetration.
Ifølge planerne vil FDB/Irma udskifte i 1985 til terminalsystemer.
According to existing plans, FDB/Irma will be changing over to terminal systems in 1985·
Også for andre kæder vil styringsmuligheder veje tungt i over vejelser om udskiftning.
For other chains too, the scope offered for control will weigh heavily in replacement considerations.
De stigende koncentrationstendenser vil accellerere styringsbehovet betragteligt, hvilket yderligere fremskynder udskiftning.
The increasing trend towards concentration will considerably accelerate the need for control, and this will be a further incentive to replacement.
Prisudviklingen på kasseterminaler, der må påregnes at udvise et fald, anses også for at tilsige hurtigere udskiftning end den "mekanisk" beregnede.
The trend in the price of point-of-sale terminals, which is expected to show a fall, may also result in more rapid replacement than that calculated by "rule of thumb".
Ved udskiftning må det anses for givet, at de simple elektroniske kasseapparater udskiftes med terminal systemer, da sektorens butikker har en størrelse og et databehov, der gør dette naturligt.
When replacement takes place, it must be assumed as a matter of course that the simple electronic cash registers will be replaced by terminal systems, since the size of the stores in this sector and their data requirement make this the obvious course.
Dette understøttes bl.a. af en undersøgelse foretaget blandt 40 købmandsejede supermarkeder med en omsætning på over 10 mill. (Wessmann, 1983, bilag 7.).
This is supported, amongst other things, by a study undertaken among 40 independently owned supermarkets having a turnover exceeding Dkr 10 million (Wessmann, I983, Annex 7).
Det angives heri, at mulighed for plus-kode-indtastninger (som forudsætter anskaffelse af terminaludstyr) er et centralt og afgørende valgkriterium ved ud skiftning af kasseapparat.
This indicates that the facility for plus­code keyboard entries (which presupposes the purchase of terminal equipment) is a central and crucial selection criterion in the replacement of cash regis­ters.
Baseret på disse forskellige korrektioner til det mekanisk be regnede indtrængningsforløb kan på det i dag eksisterende in formationsgrundlag opstilles følgende sandsynlige indtrængningsforløb:
Taking into account these various corrections to the "rule of thumb" cal­culation of the rate of penetration, the following picture is suggested as the probable trend on the basis of information currently available:
Revideret prognose. 1983-1990.
Revised forecast, 1983­I99O
Antal nye kasser .. mekanisk beregnet
Number of new cash registers calcula­ted by "rule of , χ thumb"
Revideret prognose
Growth Cumulative $
Note 2: Det er forudsat, at de største butikker anskaffer først.
2) It is assumed that the largest stores purchase first.
Note 3: Til sammenligning kan anføres, at man i købmandssektoren (d.v.s. for ca. halvdelen af butikkerne) forventer 36 moderniseringer og 3 nyetableringer i 1983 (kilde: Frit Købmandskab, maj 1983, nr. 3.). Note 4: De mekanisk beregnede tal er hentet fra tabel 11.
3) It may be noted for comparison that, in the independent sector (ie in approximately half the stores), 36 modernizations and 3 new stores are expected in 1983 (source: Frit K/fbmandskab, May 1983, No 3).
Forudsætningerne til disse beregninger er givet i teksten til tabel IL
The assumptions on which these calculations are based are given in the text to Table 11.
Et væsentligt tilbehør til kasseterminalerne er scanner, hvad en ten der er tale om læsepen, en nyudviklet håndbåren scanner (som i sammenligning med læsepen stiller mindre krav til "nærhed" af det aflæste emne) eller en fast installeret scanner.
An important accessory for point­of­sale terminals is the scanner, whether it takes the form of a scanning wand, a newly developed hand­held scanner (which does not need to be positioned as close to the matter to be read as
En fast scanner koster ca. 35.000 kr., mens den bevægelige scanner (f.eks. læsepennen) kan anskaffes for ca. 15.000 kr.
A fixed scanner costs around Dkr 35 000, whereas a movable scanner (eg a scanning wand) can be obtained for about Dkr 15 000.
Scanning af optisk, læsbar kode vil i praksis - uanset konkret udformning - blive baseret på EAN-koden, der i øvrigt er konvertibel med UPS-koden.
The scanning of an optical character code will in practice - regardless of its concrete form - be based on the EAN code (European Article Numbering), which in addition is compatible with the UPC code.
I forbindelse med kasserenoveringer de seneste år har det været sædvanligt, at man har foretaget de for senere scannerinstallationer nødvendige forarbejder.
In conjunction with check-out desk renovations in recent years, it has been customary to undertake the preliminary work necessary for the installation of scanners at a later date.
Scannertilslutning til kasseterminalsystemer vil derfor kunne ske parallelt med udskiftning af kasseterminalsystemerne.
It will thus be possible to equip point-of-sale terminal systems with scanners in parallel with the replacement of the terminals.
16 rimelig andel af varerne er mærket med optisk læsbar kode (EAN eller ΕΑΝ­plus).
Another important prerequisite for the installation of scanners is that a reasonable number of stock items be marked with an optical character code (EAN or EAN-PLUS).
Mærknings graden er efter mange års træghed i kraftig stigning, bl.a. influeret af et krav fra en enkelt egentlig kæde (DS).
After a slack period of many years the degree of marking is increasing sharply, amongst other things because of pressure from a single chain (DS).
Det skønnes (Emballageinstituttet), at der med udgangen af 1983 vil være 5.000 mærkede varer inden for dagligvareområdet. Mærk­ningsgraden er dermed på et acceptabelt niveau i henseende til overgang til scanning som datafangsmedium,· idet et normalt super­markedssortiment omfatter 4.0 00­6.0 00 varenumre.
It is estimated (Emballageinstituttet (Institute of Packaging)) that by the end of 1983 there will be 5OOO marked items in the food, drink and tobacco trade.
Bestanden i dag indskrænker sig til nogle få prøveinstallationer.
Numbers in use are at present limited to a few test installations.
Scannerinstallationernes indtrængning vil naturligt være nært sam­menknyttet med udbredelsen af de programmerbare kasseterminalsy­stemer.
The penetration of scanner installations will of course be closely linked to the spread of programmable point-of-sale terminal systems.
Videre vil indtrængningen være påvirket af: mærknings­graden, prisen på udstyret, behovet for registreringssikkerhed samt muligheder for at opnå øget kasseproduktivitet.
It will also be influenced by: the degree of marking, the price of the equipment, the need for reliable records and the possibility of increased check-out productivity. tivity.
Som nævnt er mærkningsgraden med udgangen af 1983 tilfredsstillen­de. Denne vil derfor hverken sinke eller fremskynde indtrængnin­gen af scanner.
As has been pointed out, the degree of marking will have reached a satisfactory level by the end of I983· It will therefore neither delay nor accelerate the installation of scanners.
Prisudviklingen på scanning udviser i dag samme tendens som pris­udvikling på tilsvarende teknologi.
The trend in the price of scanning equipment is much the same as that for comparable technology.
OmkostningsbiHedet udvik­ler sig derfor i positiv retning og taler til gunst for systemets indførelse.
The cost picture is thus developing in a positive direction and may be expected to favour the introduction of such systems.
Investeringens størrelse vil dog være meget afhængig af det kon­krete valg mellem forskelligt udstyr, f.eks. fast scanner contra læsepen.
The volume of investment, however, will depend to a large extent on the con crete choice made between different forms of equipment, eg fixed scanners in
Andre faktorer synes at være afgørende for, om man væl­ger fast eller håndbårent scannerudstyr.
-19- preference to wands. Other factors seem to determine the decision whether to opt for fixed or hand-held scanning equipment.
Behovet for registreringssikkerhed stiger i takt med koncentratio­nen i supermarkedssektoren, hvilket trækker i retning af, at alle (den overvejende del af) supermarkederne vil få behov for, respek­tivt blive pålagt at indføre scanning.
The need for reliable records is increasing in step with the process of con centration in the supermarket sector, which suggests that all supermarkets (or the vast majority) will feel the need to or be forced to introduce scanning equipment.
Ofte anføres det til gunst for anskaffelse af scanner, at denne øger kasseproduktiviteten betragteligt.
A factor often said to favour the acquisition of scanners is that they bring about a significant increase in check-out productivity.
En tidligere undersøgel­se (Engstrøm m.fl.: Varekodning, 1979) godtgør, at der i Danmark med det eksisterende indkøbsmønster og det givne serviceniveau ikke vil kunne opnås besparelse i kasseproduktiviteten (kundernes gennemstrømningshastighed) for de fleste supermarkeder, samt at eventuelle forbedringer ikke i den danske struktur lader sig om­sætte i sparede kassedarnetimer. Den væsentligste prognosefaktor er således installation af pro­
A previous study (Engstrøm et al: "Varekodning" (Merchandise coding), 1979) finds that it will not be possible in Denmark, with the existing pattern of shopping habits and the level of service obtaining, to achieve savings in check-out productivity (rate of customer throughput) in most supermarkets, and that it will not be possible within the Danish structure to translate possible improvements into savings in cashier hours.
Det antages, at samtlige supermarkeder inden 1990 vil have installeret scanner. Behovet for registreringssikkerhed etc. taler herfor.
It is assumed that all supermarkets will have installed scanners by 1990.
Indtrængningsforløbet vil være præget af, at installationer af programmerbare kasseterminaler overvejende vil ske i 1985-86. På dette tidspunkt vil det være naturligt at supplere kasseterminalen med scanner samtidig med udskiftning af kassen.
The progress of penetration will be characterized by the fact that the point-of-sale terminals will in the main be installed in the period 1985-86.
Dette skyldes som nævnt udviklingen i mærkningsgrad, priser og koncentration inden for supermarkedssektoren.
This is attributable, as has been pointed out, to trends in the degree of marking, prices and concentration in the supermarket sector.
Der vil følgelig blive tale om et pludseligt og stort gennembrud for scanning, dog formentlig med overvægt til håndbåren scanner.
A sudden, large-scale breakthrough of scanning may be expected in consequence, though this will favour hand-held devices in the first instance.
Baseret på disse antagelser fås nedenstående indtrængningsforløb :
On the basis of these assumptions, we arrive at the following trend in penetration:
I alt terminaler
Terminals, total
I alt scanningudstyr
Growth in programmable s terminals
Som tidligere nævnt kan der til kasseterminaler tilsluttes for skellige former for tilbehør. I bilag 3 er vist et eksempel på tilbehør.
As has already been mentioned, a variety of peripherals can be connected to point-of-sale terminals.
Af speciel relevans for personale og forbrugere er kreditkort læsere, som i dagligvarehandelen kan vinde indpas fra efteråret 1983, idet pengeinstitutterne i fællesskab markedsfører det så kaldte Dankort.
Of particular relevance to staff and shoppers is the credit-card reader, which may make its appearance in the food, drink and tobacco trade after the autumn of 1983? when the financial institutions jointly launch the "Dankort" card.
Situationen omkring Dankortet er stadig - trods årelange forhandlinger - uklar.
The situa tion with regard to Dankort is still unclear, despite years of negotiations.
Der har således ikke kunnet opnås enighed mellem detailhandelens hovedorganisationer og Forbrugerrådet på den ene side og penge institutterne på den anden side om en række praktiske spørgsmål i forbindelse med omkostningernes fordeling mellem parterne, og markedsføringen af Dankortet sker derfor uden om førstnævnte or ganisationer.
The organizations representing the retail trade and the Consumers' Council on the one hand, and the financial institutions on the other hand, were not able to agree on a range of practical questions relating to the distribution of the costs between the parties involved. Dankort is thus being launched onto the market without the participation of the first-mentioned organiza tions.
Hertil kan føjes, at Folketinget har vedtaget, at der skal laves et tilsyn med alle købe- og kreditkortselskaber, og lovforslag herom fremsættes i efteråret 1983.
It may be added that the Folketing (Danish Parliament) has decided that a system should be set up to supervise all debit card and credit card companies, and a bill is to be introduced on the matter in the autumn of 1983.
Uanset kortets karakter som købe- eller kreditmiddel er principperne bag brugen som vist i bilag 4.
Whatever the card's status - a means of payment or of credit - the principles underlying its use are as set out in Annex 4.
Konkret sker der det, at butikkerne til start tilbydes en langt simplere løsning end den højteknologiske betalingsformidling, som der oprindeligt var lagt op til.
The concrete outcome is that at the start the stores are being offered a much simpler version than the high-technology payment procedure which had originally been put forward.