natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Som før nævnt står dette i et modsætningsforhold til en række aftaleforslag fra arbejderside, hvor der kræves ret til forhandling af teknologispørgsmål og behandling af misligholdelse og uenigheder gennem det fagretslige system med opsættende virkning.
As already stated, this is in contrast to a number of proposals for such agreements from the employee side which request a right to negotiate on questions of technology and to refer contraventions and disagreements to the industrial legislative system, with suspensive effect.
I den følgende oversigt har vi sammenstillet de tre gennemgå ede aftaler med den til dato mest vidtgående aftale i Danmark: Farumaftalen mellem Farum Kommune og Handels- og Kontorfunktionærernes klub. Denne aftale har følgende særlige bestemmelser: ser:
In the survey tabulated below we have compared the three agreements examined with the most comprehensive agreement in Denmark to date: the Farum agreement between the Farum Municipality and the local branch of the Union of Commercial and Office Staffs.
Et paritetisk nedsat udvalg har til opgave at undersøge og godkende enhver ny teknologi, systemer eller ændringer i be stående systemer, før de udvikles og tages i anvendelse.
A committee with equal representation from both sides has the duty of examining and approving any new technology, systems, or changes to existing systems before they are developed and brought into use.
Så fremt enighed ikke kan opnås, får dette opsættende virkning, og sagen kan overgives til forhandling mellem lokale repræsen tanter for organisationerne.
If agreement can not be reached, this will have a suspensive effect, and the matter may be passed on for negotiation between local representatives of the organiza tions.
I sidste instans træffer kommunal bestyrelsen dog suverænt beslutning.
Ultimately, however, the local municipal council has sovereign powers to take a decision.
Brud på aftalen behandles ved voldgiftsret.
Contravention of the agreement is referred to a court of arbitration.
Aftalen indeholder desuden mulighed for hver af parterne frit at indkalde eksperter ude fra samt fuld tryghedsgaranti.
The agreement also gives each of the parties an opportunity freely to call in experts from outside, and gives a full guarantee of job security.
Denne aftale er imidlertid også ganske enestående på det danske arbejdsmarked og omfatter kun en enkelt administrativ enhed.
This agreement is, however, unique on the Danish la bour market, and covers only one individual administrative unit.
Alle de nævnte aftaler rummer mulighed for at indklage et brud på aftalernes bestemmelser for nogle nærmere specificerede in stanser.
14 vention of the agreement's provisions to certain specified authorities.
I flere af aftalerne vil en overtrædelse kunne medføre en bod, men der har siden aftalernes indgåelse ikke været behandlet sager, der vedrørte teknologiaftalernes bestemmelser.
In several of the agreements, contravention may involve a fine, but since the agreements were concluded no cases referring to the provisions of the technology agreements have been dealt with.
Dette forhold udlægges forskelligt af henholdsvis de faglige organisationer og af arbejdsgiverorganisationerne.
This fact is interpreted differently by the trade union organizations and the employers' organiza tions respectively.
Samtlige interviewede fagforeningsrepræsentanter gav udtryk for, at manglen på sager skyldtes, at de lokale tillidsfolk, der skul-
All the employer representa tives interviewed expressed the view that the absence of cases must be interpreted as indicating that, by and large, the agreements were observed.
Beskæftigelse
Investment strategy
-^Indf lyde Ises -Ind- "*^»«^områder Investerings
^■^^^ Areas of Forni^^influence of ^"--\^ influence ^"--^^
Veto-ret
Farum agreement
Forhandlingsret med Farumaftalen
Farum agreement
Farumaftalen a) opsættende virkning
Right to negotiate with a. suspensive effect
(Sparekasse aftalen) b) tilstræbe enighed
(Savings bank agreement)
Informationsret som a) ledelsens informationspligt mationspligt b) de ansattes ret til at få information ved forespørgsel respørgsel
Right to be informed as a. management's duty to inform b. employees' right to receive information upon request
Oversigt over de-jure indflydelsesform i udvalgte aftaler P & udvalgte områder, Page 50
Page 50
- Integreret tekst og databehandling
Integrated text and data processing
Virksomheden fremstiller radiokommunikationsudstyr og har hovedkontor og udviklingsafdeling i København.
The firm manufactures radio communications equipment. Its head office and development department are in Copenhagen.
Produktionen foregår i København og i Flensborg lige syd for den dansk-tyske grænse.
Production is carried out in Copenhagen, and in Flensburg just south of the Danish-German border.
Produktionen i København beskæftiger ca. 400 timelønnede og ca. 60 funktionæransatte.
The production unit in Copenhagen employs about ¿tOO hourly-paid workers and about 60 salaried staff.
Dertil kommer ca. 550 ansatte i udviklingsafdelinger og afdelinger, som tilpasser radioerne til speciel le kundekrav, salgsafdelinger samt diverse stabsfunktioner.
In addition, there are about 550 employees in development departments, departments adapting radios to special customer re quirements, sales departments and various staff functions.
Koncerntilknytning og markedsstrategi
Group affiliation and market strategy
Virksomheden blev etableret i 1947 og har indtil 1976 været 100% ejet af en dansk koncern.
The firm was established in I9V7, and until I976 it was 10C$-owned by a Danish group of companies.
Selv om virksomheden er en af Europas største producenter af mobilradioer og besidder meget store markedsandele, fandt de danske ejere og koncernledelsen, at kapitalbehovet for at følge med i den teknologiske udvikling i branchen var mere omfattende,^end man kunne magte.
Although the firm is one of Europe's largest producers of portable radios and has a very large share of the market, the Danish owners and the group management found that the capital required to keep up with technological development in the industry was more substantial than could be managed.
Der for søgte man en samarbejdspartner, og i 1976 købte General Electric, USA 50% af aktierne.
A co-operating partner was therefore sought, and in 1976 General Electric, USA, bought 50$ of the shares.
Siden 1981 har GE ejet virksom heden 100%.
Since I98I, the firm has been 10C#-owned by GE.
Indtil videre har integrationen i den amerikanske koncern ikke ført til en ændret form for arbejdsdeling.
Up to the present, integration into the American group has led to no changes in the division of labour.
Arbejdsdelingen følger nu som før markedets opdeling.
As previously, it follows the distribution of the market.
Virksomheden har specialiseret sig i at imødekomme de specielle og meget varierede krav, som især det europæiske og mellemøstlige marked stiller.
The firm has specialized in meeting the special and most varied requirements presented by, in particular, the European and Middle-Eastern markets.
GE's tyngdepunkt ligger derimod på det amerikanske marked (USA), hvor myndighederne er mindre restriktive m.h.t. udformning af radiokommunikationsudstyr, og hvor effektkravene samtidig er langt højere bl.a. som følge af de store afstande.
GE's main emphasis, however, is on the American market (USA), where the authorities are less restrictive in relation to the design of radio communications equipment, but where the demand for performance is far higher, partly because of the large distances involved.
Ifølge enkelte af tillidsrepræsentanterne er der blandt de ansatte en udbredt opfattelse af, at overholdelsen af én gang lagte planer nu prioriteres højere af ledelsen end før, hvilket medfører en mindre flexibilitet overfor medarbejderønsker og idéer.
Individual shop stewards say it is widely believed among employees that adherence to plans, once established, is now given higher priority by management than before, which results in less flexibility relative to employees' wishes and ideas.
Salget af virksomheden til GE har givet en tilførsel af kapital til investeringer i nye produkter og nyt udstyr.
The sale of the firm to GE has provided a supply of capital for investment in new products and equipment.
Derved er der givet virksomheden nogle handlemuligheder, den ikke havde tidligere, blot skal den på længere sigt holde et overskud på 5% efter skat.
This has given the undertaking some scope for action which it did not previously have, but in the long term it must maintain a surplus of 5% after tax.
Beskæftigelsen har efter ledelsens opfattelse ikke været på virket af den ændrede koncerntilknytning.
In the opinion of management, employment has not been affected by the change in group affiliation.
Derimod gik beskæftigelsen i København noget ned efter 1974, hvor produktionen af mobilradioer blev flyttet til Tyskland.
Employment in Copenhagen was however somewhat re duced after 197^, when the manufacture of portable radios was moved to Germany.
Beskæftigelsen har siden primært svinget i takt med afsætningen fra de enkelte produktionslinier.
Since then employment has fluctuated, mainly in step with sales from the individual production lines.
Beskæftigelsen af timelønnede på udvalgte år (angiver spidser og dale)
Employment of hourly-paid workers in selected years (peaks and troughs)
Virksomhedens samlede produktion regnet i antal producerede anlæg er næsten fordoblet i perioden fra 1974 til 1982, hvilket i høj grad har kompenseret for de beskæftigelsesmæssige virkninger af udflytningen fra København.
Where one day's production previously required 200 people, the new production of, for example, 50 radios a day could be achieved by about 50 people.
Den mest solgte radio var kompleks og meget flexibel.
Local union activity and management strategy
Som følge af en voksende konkurrence fra billige - især japanske - radioer besluttede ledelsen at udvikle en ny radio beregnet på den del af markedet, som ikke krævede den meget flexible løsning.
Before the concept of the new product had taken its final form, and before development work had begun, the Joint Local Union set up a technology com mittee which included union representatives from each of the local unions and people from the boards of the local unions.
Den nye radio skulle kunne sælges til en pris på ca. 60% af den eksisterende radiotype. Man regnede med, at den nye radio ville føre til et øget salg på 60-70% flere enheder ialt, selvom der kun ne forventes et svagt fald i den eksisterende produktion.
The Joint Local Union is made up of three hourly-paid groups: the women, who are members of KAD (the Danish Union of Female Workers); the unskilled men, who are members of SID (Union of Semiskilled Workers); and the skilled workers - mainly electronics engineers - who are members of the Metalworkers' Union.
Gen nem valg af ny teknologi skulle timeforbruget ved produktionen af den nye radio sænkes fra de kendte 20 timer til 34 timer pr. radio. Hvor en dagsproduktion tidligere krævede 200 personer, ville den nye produktion på fx 50 radioer om dagen kunne klares af ca. 50 personer.
The background to these fears was not the new product itself, but the fact that a movement towards automation of the assembly process had been observed in the firm's existing production and in other firms.
Før idéen til det nye produkt havde taget endelig form, og før udviklingsarbejdet startede, nedsatte Fællesklubben et teknologiudvalg bestående af bl.a. tillidsrepræsentanterne fra hver af klubberne samt personer fra klubbestyrelserne.
Another important motivation for setting up a technology committee under the Joint Local Union was the debate in progress within the trade union move ment. In the autumn of I98O, the demands relating to technology were emerging as part of the prelude to the collective bargaining that was to take place six months later.
Fællesklubben omfatter tre timelønnede faggrupper: Kvinderne, som er medlemmer af KAD, de ufaglærte mænd, som er medlemmer af SID og de faglærte - hovedsagelig elektronikmekanikere - som er medlemmer af Metal.
There were demands, especially from the SID, that technology issues should be discussed under the auspices of the local union.
Initiativet til nedsættelsen af et fælles teknologi udvalg blev taget af de ufaglærte grupper og skyldtes først og fremmest bekymringen over udsigterne til en nedgang i beskæftigelsen ved en kommende rationalisering med ny teknik.
The technology committee arranged and held a series of meetings for em ployees on the implications of technological development in the industry, and it also concentrated on collecting experience from other workplaces with a view to submitting a request for a local technology agreement.
Bag grunden for disse bekymringer var ikke det nye produkt, men det faktum at man havde set en begyndende automatisering af montageprocessen i virksomhedens eksisterende produktion og
To present a more concerted front to management and to increase technical ex pertise, two salaried-staff groups were invited to join the committee.
22 hos andre virksomheder. En fremskrivning af denne udvikling ville i høj grad blive truende for kvindernes beskæftigelse.
They were the local branch of Teknisk Landsforbund (the National Technical Union) and the Engineers' group in the firm.
En anden væsentlig baggrund for nedsættelsen af et teknologi udvalg under Fællesklubben var debatten i fagbevægelsen.
The attitude in the Joint Local Union's technology committee was somewhat hesitant as to what was to be done about the new technology: a.
I ef teråret 1980 begyndte kravene om teknologi at dukke op som et led i optakten til overenskomstforhandlingerne et halvt år se nere.
Only a few workplaces in Denmark had experience of technology agree ments.
For at stå mere samlet over for ledelsen og for at øge den tekniske ekspertise inviterede man to funktionærgrupper med i udvalget.
Some of these industries were protected by their dominance of the home market.
Det var Teknisk Lands forbunds klub og Ingeniørernes virksomhedsgruppe.
The implications of the technology and the scope for influencing it were therefore different.
- Der var kun få arbejdspladser i Danmark, hvor der eksisterede erfaringer med indgåelsen af teknologiaftaler.
However, the Joint Local Union's technology committee prepared a proposal for a local technology agreement, which was to ensure that the local unions could influence the firm's use of technology.
- De eksisterende erfaringer stammede hovedsagelig fra andre brancher, hvor teknologien var meget forskellig fra elektronikindustrien (bryggerierne, dagbladene, et luftfartsselskab O.I.), og som for nogle branchers vedkommende var beskyttede af en dominans på hjemmemarkedet.
For example, the local unions wanted guarantees from the firm in areas such as job security, training and retraining, as well as an influence on planning within the firm.
Dermed var såvel konsekvenserne af teknologien som mulighederne for at påvirke teknologien forskellig.
Under the proposal, influence was to be exercised through negotia tion, in which the objective would be agreement on the use of technology within the firm.
- Endelig oplevede man, at tillidsrepræsentanter på andre virk somheder indenfor elektronikindustrien var tilbageholdende
Meanwhile, a country-wide framework agreement on technology was concluded between LO/DA in the context of the completion of the collective agreement in the spring of I981.
23 med at diskutere egne erfaringer og udveksle forslag til teknologiaftaler. nologiaftaler.
Local union activity had been attentively followed by management, and no attempt had been made to put any obstacle in the way.
Klubbernes teknologiudvalg udarbejdede imidlertid et forslag til en lokal teknologiaftale, som skulle sikre klubberne ind flydelse på virksomhedens anvendelse af teknologi.
For example, out side lecturers had been permitted to enter the firm to attend the local unions' own events held after working hours.
Klubberne ønskede således garantier fra virksomheden på områder som tryghed i ansættelsen, uddannelse og omskoling samt indflydelse på planlægningen i virksomheden.
Management considered it reasonable that employees should find out "where they stood" on the question of new technology at their place of work, since there was at the time a lively debate going on within the trade union movement and society as a whole on new technology.
Indflydelsen skulle efter for slaget foregå gennem en forhandling, hvor man tilstræbte enighed om teknologiens anvendelse i virksomheden.
The factory manager in particular was instrumental in defining management's policy in this area, but as the technology issue gradually became more a matter of agreements and collective agreements the personnel manager came increasingly into the picture.
Det var kendetegnende for klubbernes strategi, at de ønskede behandlingen af teknologispørgsmål lagt i faste rammer - herunder ledelsens garantier - før man gav sig i kast med at diskutere konkrete planer om ændringer i teknologi.
Management gradually came to feel that it was to some extent being kept out of the local unions' discussions, and it considered that the problems were exaggerated in the electronics industry context by taking as a starting-point the technology problems arising in breweries and the printing industry.
I mellemtiden blev der indgået en landsdækkende rammeaftale om teknologi mellem LO/DA i forbindelse med overenskomstafslutningen i foråret 1981. Denne aftale rummede mulighed for ned sættelse af et teknologiudvalg under virksomhedens samarbejdsudvalg med repræsentanter fra både ledelse og ansatte.
In the firm's works council the union representatives referred to their own discussions, and management was of the opinion that the attitude towards technology was based very largely on trade union policy considerations rather than on the actual technological situation in the firm.
Klub berne var umiddelbart indstillede på at udnytte denne mulighed for at få adgang til informationer om ledelsens planer og an modede derfor umiddelbart ledelsen om at nedsætte et sådant teknologiudvalg.
It was also realized that the local unions were about to submit a request for a local agreement.
I ledelsen havde man opmærksomt fulgt klubbernes aktiviteter uden at forsøge at lægge hindringer i vejen. Fx havde man til ladt eksterne foredragsholdere at komme ind på virksomheden til klubbernes egne arrangementer efter arbejdstids ophør.
Management therefore adopted a positive attitude towards the new LO/DA agreement, which "clarified the problems in accordance with the well-known works council concept".
Le delsen mente, det var rimeligt, at de ansatte fandt ud af, "hvilket ben de skulle stå på" i spørgsmålet om ny teknologi på arbejdspladsen, idet der på det tidspunkt var en livlig de bat i fagbevægelsen og i samfundet iøvrigt om ny teknologi.
By channelling the discussion of technology into a joint technology committee made up of the various parties, management could ensure that information was balanced and that it reflected manage ment's opinion of the technology.
Det var især fabrikschefen, der tegnede ledelsens politik på dette område, men efterhånden som teknologispørgsmålet fik en
The firm had also initiated plans for a new production line for the new pro duct, which would mean fairly extensive changes in the organization and in the principles under which the organization of work was to be designed.
24 mere principiel aftale- og overenskomstmæssig karakter, kom personaledirektøren mere ind i billedet.
By providing complete information at an early stage in the planning, and by discussing the implications of the changes with union representatives, management hoped to forestall any negative reaction before installation.
Ledelsen følte sig efterhånden holdt noget udenfor klubbernes diskussioner og mente, at man overdimensionerede problemerne i forhold til elektronikindustrien ved at tage udgangspunkt i teknologispørgsmål fra bryggerierne og den grafiske branche.
It also particularly wished to prepare for a future and greater change in the division of labour between the existing trade skills groups.
I virksomhedens samarbejdsudvalg refererede tillidsrepræsentanterne tilbage til deres egne drøftelser, og ledelsen havde den opfattelse, at holdningen til teknologien i højere grad var baseret på fagforeningspolitiske overvejelser end den aktuelle teknologisituation i virksomheden.
Finally, management's long-term projection was that in the future the firm would have to face up to substantially greater conversion problems than the planning then in progress would entail.
Desuden var man klar over, at klubberne var ved at forberede fremsættelsen af krav til en lokalaftale.
For this reason, management also tended to see the discussion of technology and organization as an integral part of the organization's own development and as a preparation for coping with future technological development.
Ledelsen var derfor positive overfor den nye LO/DA-aftale, som "klarede problematikken op efter det velkendte SU-koncept".
The setting up of the technology committee at company level resulted primarily from the hourly-paid groups' wish to receive better information and exert greater influence on the new technology.
Ved at få kanaliseret teknologidiskussionen ind i et partssammensat teknologiudvalg kunne ledelsen bedre sikre sig en balanceret information, som også afspejlede ledelsens opfattelse af teknologien.
The fact that management agreed to meet this request resulted from two closely associated circumstances. First, trade union activity on the issue of new technology was exten sive at local-union level.
Virksomheden havde desuden igangsat planlægningen af en ny pro duktionslinie til det nye produkt, som ville indebære temmelig omfattende ændringer i organisationen og i de principper, hvor efter arbejdsorganisationen skulle udformes.
Management was, as it were, forced to take up this challenge to avoid the risk of considerable opposition to the realization of its plans relating to new technology.
Selvom der ikke umiddelbart var udsigt til afskedigelser, eftersom den ny teknologi blev anvendt til en udvidelse af produktionen, var le delsen interesseret i at informere grundigt forud for indførelsen af den nye teknologi.
Secondly, management could see an advantage in actively participating in the debate on new technology in order to use this to prepare the way for future changes in the organiza tion. Management therefore sought to integrate the technology debate into its own management strategy.
Desuden ønskede man specielt at forberede en kommende større ændring i arbejdsdelingen mellem de eksisterende faggrupper.
In accordance with management's request, discus sion of the local unions' proposals for a local agreement was postponed until the committee had increased its experience and knowledge of the ap proaching technological problems in the firm.
Nedsættelsen af teknologiudvalget på virksomhedsplan var primært et resultat af de timelønnede gruppers ønske om at få en bedre information og større indflydelse på ny teknologi.
Because of the rapid technological development in the field of microelectronics, the firm has experienced a shortening of product lifetime, since new technology in the manufacture of circuits continually provides opportunities to reduce the cost price of the items manufactured.
Når ledelsen gik ind på at imødekomme dette ønske, havde det bag grund i to forhold, som hænger nøje sammen: For det første var den faglige aktivitet vedrørende spørgsmål om ny teknologi høj på klubplan.
This shortening of product lifetime has meant that reduction of the period be tween choice of circuit technology and sale of the first products of a new type has become a significant element in competition.
Ledelsen var så at sige tvunget til at tage den ne udfordring op for ikke at risikere en betydelig modstand mod realiseringen af planerne om ny teknologi.
The firm has there fore aimed at integrating product development with the planning of the pro duction system.
For det andet kunne ledelsen se en interesse i at gå aktivt ind i debatten om ny teknologi for på denne måde at berede vejen for kommende ændringer i organisationen.
This aim is further motivated by the strong link between choice of product technology and manufacturing technology in the electronics industry.