natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
HOLDNINGER OG FORVENTNINGER HOS UDVALGTE REPRÆSENTANTER PÅ NATIONALT, REGIONALT OG LOKALT PLAN I BULGARIEN, LETLAND, LITAUEN, MALTA, RUMÆNIEN, SLOVAKIET OG TYRKIET
VIEWS AND EXPECTATIONS OF SELECTED REPRESENTATIVES AT THE NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL LEVEL IN BULGARIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA, MALTA, ROMANIA, SLOVAKIA AND TURKEY
A Baggrund for undersøgelsen
Background of the survey
I løbet af sommeren 2001 udsendte medlemmerne af den gruppe, som udarbejdede denne undersøgelse, ca. 400 standardiserede spørgeskemaer til politikere, embedsmænd og eksperter på alle planer i det territoriale administrative system (nationale, regionale og lokale) i Bulgarien, Letland.
During summer 2001, the members of the team drafting this study disseminated about 400 standardised questionnaires to politicians, civil servants and experts at all levels of the territorial­administrative system (national, regional, local) in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, Slovakia and Turkey.
Formålet med denne undersøgelse var ikke at sikre et statistisk repræsentativt udsnit, men at fa en idé om. hvad udvalgte aktorer på alle administrative planer samt eksperterne mener om de subnationale administrative strukturers interne rolle, tværregionalt og grænseoverskridende samarbejde, "Regionernes Europa" og Regionsudvalget.
It was not the aim of this survey to secure a statistically representative sample, but rather an impression of how selected players of all administrative levels as well as experts think about the internal role of sub­national administrative structures, interregional and cross­border cooperation, the "Europe of the Regions" and the Committee of the Regions.
Det standardiserede spørgeskema (se bilag) indeholdt 19 spørgsmål med plads til yderligere kommentarer.
The standardised questionnaire (see annex) included 19 questions and offered space for additional remarks.
Det blev udsendt på engelsk, men gruppen tilsendte også modtagerne oversættelser til de officielle sprog i de enkelte lande, hvis dette var nødvendigt.
It was disseminated in English, but the members of the team provided the recipients also with translations into the official languages of the respective country, where necessary.
I forste del af sporgeskemaet, som omhandler det subnationale plans interne rolle, blev de adspurgte bedt om at besvare otte spørgsmål om tilfredsheden med det subnationalc administrative system, om de subnationale strukturers rolle i EU og om de subnationalc strukturers forberedelser til optagelsen i EU.
In the first section on the internal role of the sub­national level, the recipients were asked to answer eight questions on the extent of satisfaction with the sub­national administrative system, on the position of sub­national structures within the EU and on the status of preparation of sub­national structures for EU accession.
1 anden del om tværregionalt og
In the second section on interregional and cross­border cooperation, four questions referred to
grænseoverskridende samarbejde blev der stillet fire spørgsmål om dette samarbejdes generelle betydning og dets virkninger på repræsentationen af de subnationale myndigheder på europæisk plan samt om forholdet mellem de subnationale myndigheder og det nationale plan. I afsnittet om "Regionernes
the general importance of this cooperation and to its impact on the representation of subnational authorities at the European level as well as on relations between subnational authorities and the national level.
Europa" var hensigten ved hjælp af to spørgsmål at finde ud af, hvad og hvilke funktioner folk forbinder med dette koncept. I de sidste fem spørgsmål om
In the section on the "Europe of Regions" it was intended to find out by two questions which connotations and functions were attributed to this concept.
Regionsudvalget blev deltagerne anmodet om at udtale sig om RU's faktiske og potentielle rolle og funktion samt om at fremsætte forslag til. hvilken retning
Five questions on the Committee of the Regions asked for views on the actual and potential role and function of CoR, as well as for suggestions in which direction it should develop, compared to the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (CLRAE).
Over to tredjedele (70%) af spørgeskemaerne blev returneret og behandlet.
More than two thirds (70%) of the questionnaires disseminated have been returned and evaluated.
Men antallet af besvarede spørgeskemaer varierer meget landene imellem.
However, the ratio of returns has been very divergent by countries.
(40 ud af 45: 89%), Litauen (41 ud af 60: 68%) og Bulgarien (40 ud af 60:
While the share of returns was 100% with Turkey ' and high with Latvia (57 out of 60, 95%), Slovakia (40 of 45, 89%), Lithuania (41 of 60, 68%) and Bulgaria (40 of 60, 67%), it was low with Romania (17 of 60, 28%) and Malta (8 of 40, 20%).
Nogle spørgsmål blev knap forstået eller ofte misforstået.
Some questions were hardly understood or frequently misinterpreted.
11 og 12. I nogle tilfælde gav svarpersonerne meget overordnede, afmålte og
This was particularly the case with questions 3, 11 and 12.
"høflige" svar. hvilket skyldtes svarpersonernes manglende kendskab til emnet.
With some questions, a lack of acquaintance of the respondents prompted very general, balanced and "polite" answers.
Resultaterne kan imidlertid, under hensyntagen til disse begrænsninger, betragtes som værende pålidelige.
Within these limitations, however, the results may be regarded as reliable.
Sporgeskemaet blev gennemgået i personlige interview.
91 The answers were received in the framework of personal interviews.
Det lokale plan omfatter selvstyrende kommuner.
The local tier consists of selfgoverning communes.
2 Resultater af spørgeskemaet
Results of the questionnaire
2.1 Tekniske bemærkninger
2.1 Technical remarks
Der indkom 40 svar fra ansatte og politikere på det centrale, regionale og lokale plan.
40 respondents, i.e. employees and politicians at the central, regional and local levels.
2.2 Det subnationale plans interne rolle
The internal role of the subnational level
Sporgsmål 1: Flertallet af svarpersonerne anså de nuværende strukturer for regional/lokal repræsentation for at være relativt utilstrækkelige med hensyn til at tilgodese de subnationalc enheders interesser på nationalt plan.
Question 1: The current structures of regional/local representation were regarded by a majority of the respondents as rather insufficient to meet the interests of subnational units at the national level.
Der blev foreslået ændringer, og de fleste svar var for etablering af'selvstyre på regionalt plan. dvs. valg af regionsformænd og regionalråd med henblik på at fjerne de nuværende uoverensstemmelser mellem de lokale og regionale administrative strukturer.
Proposing improvements, most answers were in favour of establishing selfgovernment at the regional level, i.e. to elect regional governors and regional councils, to overcome the existing discrepancy between local and regional administrative structures.
Det blev også påpeget, at der var et presserende behov for at oprette agenturer for regionaludvikling i alle landets regioner udover de ire eksisterende
It was also mentioned that there was an urgent need to establish agencies for regional development in all regions of the country beyond the three existing pilot
Det var også nødvendigt at oprette en regionaludviklingsfond med henblik på at finansiere formålsbestemte handlingsprogrammer.
It was also necessary to create a fund for regional development in order to finance target action programs.
I sporgsmål 2 vedrørende præference for mere centraliserede eller mere decentraliserede strukturer var der flertal for sidstnævnte, mens resten var næsten ligeligt fordelt over mere centralisering og ingen ændringer.
Question 2 regarding preference for more centralised or more devolved structures resulted in a majority for the latter, while the rest was almost equally distributed over voters in favour of more centralization and those who found a change not necessary.
De, der stemte for mere decentralisering, nævnte manglen på selvstyre på regionalt plan og kommunernes begrænsede økonomiske beføjelser som de vigtigste begrundelser.
Those voting for more devolution mentioned the lack of selfgovernment at the regional level and the limited financial competences of communes as their main motives.
De, der var tilfredse med den aktuelle situation, eller som stemte for mere centraliserede strukturer, anførte, at balancen mellem lokalt selvstyre og statskontrol var nødvendig, og at de lokale og regionale myndigheder havde en for lille personalemæssig og økonomisk kapacitet til at kunne udføre deres opgaver tilfredsstillende.
Those satisfied by the current situation or voting for more centralised structures argued that a balance of local selfgovernment and state control was necessary and that local and regional authorities had rather limited staffing and financial capacities to fulfil their tasks adequately.
Dette blev begrundet med. at selvstyre ikke bor omfatte en differentiering af retsgrundlaget.
This position was explained by the argument that selfgovernment must not entail diversification of the legislative basis.
Sporgsmål 4: De hyppigste forslag til politikområder, hvor de regionale beføjelser bor styrkes, var regionaludvikling og regionalplanlægning samt forvaltning af regionale udviklingsfonde og EU-fonde.
Question 4: In proposing policy fields in which regions should have stronger powers, the most frequent answers were regional development and regional planning, administration of regional development funds and EU funds.
For så vidt angår det lokale plan. var de hyppigste forslag infrastruktur, sociale anliggender, sundhed, uddannelse, miljøbeskyttelse, lokal territorial planlægning samt den offentlige orden.
In respect to the local level, the most frequent proposals were infrastructure, social matters, health, education, environmental protection, local territorial planning, public order.
Sporgsmål 5: Spørgsmålet om de regionale og lokale myndigheders mulighed for i tilstrækkeligt omfang at deltage i EU-relaterede sporgsmål på nationalt plan blev kun besvaret af et fåtal af svarpersonerne, som anførte, at mulighederne ikke var tilstrækkelige.
Question 5: The question about sufficient participation of regional and local authorities in European issues at the national level was answered only by a minority of the respondents who stated that participation was rather insufficient.
Forslagene til forbedringer omfattede bedre informationsstrømme og en mere aktiv rolle for kommunerne.
Possible improvements included better information flows, a more active role for communes; selfgoverning powers at the regional level were also proposed.
Sporgsmål 6: Stillet over for valget mellem fire strategier til styrkelse af de regionale/lokale myndigheders rolle i EU og forslag til andre strategier, foretrak et flertal af svarpersonerne strategien med tværregionalt/grænseoverskridende samarbejde med partnere i EU-medlemsstaterne, mens en bred koalition på regionalt eller lokalt plan var den mindst populære strategi.
Question 6: Having been offered a choice of four strategies to strengthen the position of regional/local authorities within the EU or to propose other strategies, a majority of respondents preferred the strategy of interregional/cross-border cooperation with partners in EU Member States, while a wide coalition at the regional/local level was the least popular option.
7 omhandlede de enkelte territoriale administrative planers forberedelser på optagelse i EU med hensyn til administrative strukturer, økonomiske beføjelser, konkurrenceevne og beskyttelse af mindretal.
Question 7 dealt with the status of preparation of the individual territorialadministrative levels for EU integration in respect to administrative structures, economic jurisdiction, competitiveness and minority protection.
Det var kun få af svarpersonerne, der besvarede dette spørgsmål, navnlig med hensyn til beskyttelse af mindretal.
Very few of the respondents replied, especially in respect to minority protection.
De. der besvarede spørgsmålet, mente, at især regionerne var dårligt forberedte, og navnlig inden for områderne økonomiske beføjelser og konkurrenceevne.
Those who did so considered the state of preparation in general rather poor, especially at the regional level and especially in the fields of economic jurisdiction and competitiveness.
Sporgsmål 8: EU's finansielle programmer såsom Phare blev anset for at have en positiv virkning på regionernes politiske og økonomiske udvikling, hvilket også gjaldt på det lokale plan, hvor resultaterne dog var noget bedre.
Question 8: EU financial programmes like Phare were seen as having positive effects on the political and economic development of the regions, as well as at the local level, with somewhat better results there.
2.3 Tværregionalt og grænseoverskridende samarbejde
2.3 Interregional and cross-border cooperation
Sporgsmål 9: De fleste svarpersoner støttede mere aktiv deltagelse af såvel regioner som kommuner i tværnationale netværk.
Question 9: The majority of respondents supported more active participation of regions as well as of communes in transnational networks.
Sporgsmål 10: Adspurgt om de største problemer, der i fremtiden vil opstå med hensyn til repræsentationen af regionale og lokale interesser på EU-plan
Question 10: When asked for the main problems which could arise in future representation of regional and local interests at the European level (respondents had the choice among four ready-made options as well as additional issues), respondents from all three administrative tiers (state, regional, local) considered "complexity of structure and mode of decision-making" to be the main problem.
Endvidere blev "regionale og lokale myndigheders manglende økonomiske ressourcer til at åbne egne kontorer og ansætte personale i Bruxelles" også anset for at være et stort problem.
Secondly, the "lack of financial resources to run own offices and to employ staff in Brussels" was accepted as a major problem.
Ud over de angivne svar blev "de regionale og lokale myndigheders ønske om at blive repræsenteret af nationale myndigheder" nævnt.
In addition to the pre-defined answers the "excessive will of regions and communes to be represented by national authorities" was mentioned as a problem.
1 sporgsmål 11 blev svarpersonerne anmodet om at bedomme betydningen af tværregionalt og/eller grænseoverskridende samarbejde for politisk effektivitet, økonomisk effektivitet, demokratisk konsolidering og integration af mindretal, hvilket affødte mange forskellige svar uden entydig tendens.
Question 11 asking respondents to qualify the importance of interregional and/or cross-border cooperation for political efficiency, economic efficiency, democratic efficiency and the integration of minorities, resulted in a wide variety of answers without any significant result.
Bulgariens regionale lokale myndigheders samarbejde med andre regionale/lokale myndigheder i EU vil skærpe eller mindske eksisterende konflikter mellem disse myndigheder og det nationale plan i Bulgarien, blev ikke besvaret af ret mange. Storstedelen af dem. der svarede, mente imidlertid, at et samarbejde vil mindske konflikterne.
Question 12 on whether cooperation of regional/local authorities in Bulgaria with other regional/local authorities in Europe will reduce existing conflicts between regional/local authorities in Bulgaria and the Bulgarian national level was not answered by many respondents.
Det blev dog nævnt, at de subnationalc bulgarske enheders grænseoverskridende
But it was also mentioned that transborder cooperation of subnational units in Bulgaria was just at the initial stage and that there were not many experiences available.
2.4 "Regionernes Europa"
2.4 The "Europe of Regions" in general
Sporgsmål 13: Alle seks udsagn om "Regionernes Europa" i spørgeskemaet blev afkrydset af størstedelen af svarpersonerne uden nogen signifikante præferencer.
Question 13: All six connotations of a "Europe of Regions" offered by the questionnaire were accepted by a majority of respondents without a significant preference.
Der blev ikke anført andre udsagn.
No additional connotation in addition to those offered was mentioned.
Sporgsmål 14: Det forventedes, at de mest positive virkninger af "Regionernes
Question 14: Most positive effects from a "Europe of Regions" were expected in the field of employment and social matters, followed by structural and regional policy.
2.5 Regionsudvalget
2.5 The Committee of the Regions (CoR)
Sporgsmål 15: For så vidt angår en institution som RU's rolle og funktion, anførte mange af svarpersonerne, at RU primært burde have rådgivende og ikke koordinerende funktioner.
Question 15: Regarding the role and function of an institution like the CoR, a larger number of respondents stated that the CoR should have primarily consultative rather than coordinating functions.
Nogle svarpersoner foreslog, at RU skulle fungere som en overnational mægler mellem de nationale og regionale samt de lokale myndigheder.
Some respondents proposed that the CoR should act as a supra-national arbitrator between the state and regional as well as local authorities.
Det blev også foreslået, al RU skulle etablere kontakt mellem repræsentanter for de lokale og regionale myndigheder i EU og i EU's ansøgerlande med henblik på at udveksle erfaringer og fremme informationsstrømmene.
It was also proposed that CoR should arrange contacts between representatives of local and regional authorities in the EU and in EU applicant countries in order to exchange experiences and to promote the information flow.
Flere oplysninger om den europæiske integrationsproces og navnlig om EU blev anset før at være af afgørende betydning for de lokale og regionale myndigheder i Bulgarien, fordi
For local and regional authorities in Bulgaria, more information on the process of European integration and on the CoR in particular were considered to be of utmost importance, since "EU integration penetrates the local levels of authority very slowly and with great difficulty" and "functions and competences of the CoR are rarely known in the communes".
16 om, hvorvidt RU er et hensigtsmæssigt redskab til at repræsentere regionale/lokale interesser i EU, blev besvaret af ca. 80%.
Question 16 on whether the CoR was a promising instrument to represent regional/local interests in the EU received about 80% support.
Mens repræsentanterne for de nationale myndigheders forventninger var relativt begrænsede, havde repræsentanterne for de regionale og lokale myndigheder meget store forventninger til RU.
While the expectations of representatives of State authorities were relatively limited, representatives of regional and local authorities invested the highest expectations into the CoR.
17 om de opgaveområder, hvor
Question 17 referring to fields of work in which the CoR could be helpful for regional/local institutions included no ready-made answers.
RU-repræsentanters tilstedeværelse i Bulgarien for at kunne forstå situationen og foreslå hensigtsmæssige løsninger, rådgivning om lovgivningsreformer og etablering af juridiske rammer for regionale selvstyrestrukturer.
Most frequently mentioned were the exchange of information and experience, the presence of CoR representatives in Bulgaria in order to understand the situation and to propose adequate solutions, consultancy on legislative reforms and the creation of a legal framework for regional structures of selfgovernment.
Nogle borgmestre opfordrede indtrængende RU til at beskytte de lokale og regionale myndigheder mod "invasion fra statens side".
Some mayors urged the CoR to protect local and regional authorities from "state invasion".
Sporgsmål 18 om RU's sagkundskab på forskellige politikområder blev besvaret ret forskelligt, og det er vanskeligt at uddrage et signifikant resultat.
Question 18 on the CoR's expertise by policy fields was answered in a rather diverse way and it is difficult to identify a significant result.
Men hvis man foretager en prioritering af de mere eller mindre ligeligt repræsenterede områder, ligger beskæftigelse øverst efterfulgt af sociale anliggender, transport, tværeuropæiske netværk, struktur- og regionalpolitik samt miljo.
Nevertheless, a ranking of the more or less equally evaluated fields of expertise puts employment in front of social matters, transport, trans-European networks, structural and regional policy and environment.
Sundhed og kultur blev generelt rangeret lavest.
Health and culture were in general ranked lowest.
19 om "merværdien" af RU's arbejde sammenlignet med
Question 19 referring to the "added value" of the CoR's work compared to the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (CLRAE) was not answered by most respondents (60%).
Kongressen al" Lokale og Regionale Myndigheder (CLRAE) blev ikke besvaret
The few answers given were of a very general nature.
1 Letland repræsenteres det territoriale administrative system på regionalt plan af distrikter, der har som deres vigtigste funktion at være koordinerende organer for de selvstyrende lokale myndigheder (de forskellige typer omfatter: pagastei; byer, novader og "republikbyer").
In Latvia the regional level of the territorialadministrative system is represented by districts with the main function of coordinating bodies for the selfgoverning Local Communes (composed of different types: Pagasts, towns, Novads and "Republic Cities").
1 modsætning til andre typer lokale myndigheder er "republikbyerne" ikke underordnet distrikterne og har funktioner som både lokale og regionale myndigheder.
In contrast to the other types of local authorities, "Republic Cities" are not subordinated to a district and combine the functions of the local and the regional level.
Den administrative reform i Letland er endnu ikke gennemført og er genstand for intensive politiske drøftelser med fokus på det regionale plan.
Administrative reform in Latvia is not yet completed and is a matter of intensive political discussions with a focus on the regional level.
2 Resultater af sporgeskemaet
Results of the questionnaire
57 personer besvarede sporgeskemaet.
57 persons answered the questionnaire.
De repræsenterer følgende grupper:
They represent the following groups:
Otte forskere eller konsulenter;
• 8 researchers or consultants;
Syv politikere, deputerede, repræsentanter for ngo'er på nationalt plan;
• 7 politicians, deputies, representatives of NGOs at the national level;
Ti embedsmænd, ansatte i nationale institutioner:
10 civil servants, employees of national institutions;
12 eksperter, ansatte i distrikter, planlægningsregioner og agenturer, politikere på regionalt plan;
12 experts, employees of districts, planning regions and agencies, politicians at the regional level;
2.2 Det subnationale plans interne rolle
2.2 The internal role of the subnational level
Sporgsmål I: På spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt de nuværende strukturer for regional/lokal repræsentation er tilstrækkelige til at tilgodese regionale/lokale myndigheders interesser på nationalt plan, angav hovedparten (54%) et svar i en af de mellemste kategorier.
Question 1: Most of the respondents (54%) to the question as to whether current structures of regional/local representation at the national level were sufficient to meet the interests of subnational units indicated medium satisfaction.
Den negative og positive side var næsten lige stor.
The negative and the affirmative sides were almost equal.