natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Domstolen bekræftede først og fremmest, at en attestation, som svarer til modellen i bilag B til ottende direktiv, i princippet skaber en formodning for, at den pågældende ikke blot er afgiftspligtig i den medlemsstat, som har udstedt attesten, men også, at den pågældende er etableret i denne stat i den ene eller anden form, hvilket i princippet faktisk som retligt binder myndigheden i den medlemsstat, hvor ansøgningen om tilbagebetaling indgives.
As a general rule, the nature of such activities is such that they take place in a context with no link to judicial proceedings and, consequently, outside the scope of the right to a fair trial.
I tilfælde af tvivl om den økonomiske virkelighed, hvad angår den i attestationen angivne virksomhed kan den pågældende myndighed ikke desto mindre forsikre sig om denne virkelighed ved hjælp af de administrative foranstaltninger, som der med henblik herpå er hjemmel til i de fællesskabsretlige bestemmelser, og i givet fald give afslag på den afgiftspligtige persons ansøgning om tilbagebetaling, uden at dette påvirker sidstnævntes eventuelle mulighed for domstolsprøvelse.
As soon as a lawyer is called upon for assistance in defending or representing a client before the courts, or for advice as to the manner of instituting or avoiding judicial proceedings, that lawyer is exempt from the obligations of information and cooperation, regardless of whether the information has been received or obtained before, during or after the proceedings. An exemption of that kind safeguards the client’s right to a fair trial.
Domstolen præciserede dernæst, at hjemstedet for et selskabs økonomiske virksomhed er stedet, hvor de beslutninger, der vedrører den almindelige ledelse af selskabet, træes, og hvor selskabets centrale administration udøves.
In Joined Cases C-439/05 P and C-454/05 P Land Oberösterreich v Commission (judgment of 13 September 2007), the Commission had rejected the Republic of Austria’s request for derogation from harmonisation measures, notied to it on the basis of Article 95(5) EC, and concerning a draft law seeking a derogation from the provisions of Directive 2001/18 (27) by prohibiting genetically modied organisms in the Land Oberösterreich.
Fastlæggelsen af hjemstedet indebærer, at der skal tages hensyn til en bred vifte af faktorer, herunder først og fremmest selskabets vedtægtsmæssige hjemsted, stedet, hvor selskabets centrale administration bender sig, hvor ledelsen træes, og stedet – normalt det samme – hvor selskabets forretningspolitik fastlægges.
In support of their appeal, when the Court of First Instance had dismissed the application for annulment of the Commission’s decision, the appellants argued, first, infringement of the right to be heard and, second, infringement of Article 95(5) EC.
Andre faktorer, såsom ledernes bopæl, stedet, hvor generalforsamlingen afholdes, hvor administrations- og bogholderakter opbevares, og stedet, hvor selskabets nansielle transaktioner, især af bankmæssig art, foretages, kan endvidere tages i betragtning.
It is not apparent from the wording of that article that the Commission is required to hear the notifying Member State before it takes its decision to approve or reject the national provisions in question.
En ktiv etablering, som er kendetegnet ved et »postkasse«- eller »skærm«-rma, udgør således ikke hjemstedet for den økonomiske virksomhed som omhandlet i trettende direktivs artikel 1, nr. 1.
The Community legislature merely laid down the conditions to be fullled in order to obtain a Commission decision, the period within which the Commission must issue its decision to approve or reject and possible extensions to that period.
Tilnærmelse af lovgivningerne og ensartede lovgivninger
The procedure is initiated not by a Community institution or a national body but by a Member State, the Commission’s decision being taken only in response to that initiative.
Dette område har som førhen givet anledning til en omfangsrig retspraksis, hvoraf nogle domme fortjener at blive fremhævet.
In its request, the Member State is at liberty to comment on the national provisions it asks to have adopted, as is quite clear from Article 95(5) EC, which requires the Member State to state the grounds on which its request is based.
I sagen AGM-COS.MET (dom af 17.4.2007, sag C-470/03) skulle Domstolen tage stilling til spørgsmålet, om en tjenestemands adfærd, hvilken tjenestemand i form af oentlige erklæringer havde advaret mod defekte autoløftere, kunne tilregnes staten.
Further, the Court stated that the introduction of provisions of national law derogating from a harmonisation measure must be based on new scientic evidence relating to the protection of the environment or of the working environment, made necessary by reason of a problem specic to the Member State concerned arising after the adoption of the harmonisation measure, and that the proposed provisions as well as the grounds for introducing them must be notied to the Commission.
Domstolen fastslog, at staten kan tilregnes en tjenestemands erklæringer, der som følge af deres form og omstændighederne hos modtagerne fremkalder det indtryk, at der er tale om ocielle statslige standpunkter og ikke om en tjenestemands personlige opfattelse.
In Case C-429/05 Rampion and Godard (judgment of 4 October 2007), concerning the protection of consumers in the sphere of consumer credit and the consumer’s right to
Det afgørende kriterium er, om modtagerne af disse erklæringer med rimelighed i den givne sammenhæng kan formode, at der er tale om standpunkter, som tjenestemanden udtrykker med sit embedes autoritet.
Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modied organisms and repealing Council Directive 90/220/EEC (OJ 2001 L 106, p. 1).
Artikel 4, stk. 1, i direktiv 98/37 skal nemlig fortolkes således, at den dels tillægger private rettigheder, og dels ikke indrømmer medlemsstaterne nogen skønsmargen, i det konkrete tilfælde hvad angår maskiner, der enten er i overensstemmelse med direktivet eller forudsættes at være det.
Moreover, the Court decided that on a proper construction of Articles 11 and 14 it is contrary to those provisions for the right to pursue remedies, provided for in Article 11(2) of that directive and which the consumer enjoys against the grantor of credit, to be made subject to the condition that the prior oer of credit should indicate the goods or services nanced.
Den manglende overholdelse af denne bestemmelse, som er en følge af erklæringer fremsat af en tjenestemand i en medlemsstat, udgør, for så vidt som erklæringerne kan tilregnes denne stat, en tilstrækkelig kvaliceret tilsidesættelse af fællesskabsretten til, at staten ifalder ansvar.
In Case C-457/05 Schutzverband der Spirituosen-Industrie (judgment of 4 October 2007), the Court held that, having regard to the general scheme and purpose of Directive 75/106 (29) and the principle of the free movement of goods guaranteed by Article 28 EC, it is contrary to that provision for a Member State to prohibit the marketing of pre-packages with a nominal volume of 0.071 litre, not included in the Community range but lawfully manufactured and marketed in another Member State, unless such a prohibition is justied by an overriding requirement, applies without distinction to national and imported products alike, is necessary in order to meet the requirement in question and is proportionate to the objective pursued, and that objective cannot be achieved by measures which are less restrictive of intra-Community trade.
I sagen Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone m.. (dom af 26.6.2007, sag C-305/05) var spørgsmålet, om det forhold, at advokater pålægges oplysningspligt og den pligt til at samarbejde med de myndigheder, der er ansvarlige for bekæmpelsen af hvidvaskning af penge, som er fastsat i artikel 6, stk. 1, i direktiv 91/308 26, når de deltager i bestemte transaktioner af nansiel karakter, der ikke har tilknytning til en retssag, tilsidesætter retten til en retfærdig rettergang.
Case C-295/05 Asociación Nacional de Empresas Forestales (judgment of 19 April 2007) dealt with the question whether a Member State might confer on a public undertaking a legal regime enabling it to carry out operations without being subject to Directives
Domstolen fastslog, at der i det konkrete tilfælde ikke var sket en tilsidesættelse af retten til en retfærdig rettergang, idet den for det første bemærkede, at oplysnings- og samarbejdspligten kun gælder for advokaters vedkommende, for så vidt som de bistår deres klient ved forberedelsen eller udførelsen af visse transaktioner, hovedsageligt af nansiel karakter eller vedrørende fast ejendom, eller når de på deres klients vegne og for dennes regning foretager en hvilken som helst nansiel transaktion eller transaktion vedrørende fast ejendom.
) on the award of public procurement contracts. The particular public undertaking in question enjoys a special status enabling it to carry out a large number of works at the direct demand of the administration, it being a technical service of the administration, so bypassing the award procedures laid down by law, and it has no choice, either as to the acceptance of a demand made by the competent authorities in question, or as to the tari for its services.
Disse aktiviteter nder på grund af deres karakter i almindelighed ikke sted i forbindelse med en retssag og falder dermed uden for anvendelsesområdet for retten til en retfærdig rettergang.
The Court ruled that those directives do not preclude a body of legal rules such as that governing that public undertaking which enable the latter, as a public undertaking acting as an instrument and technical service of several public authorities, to execute operations without being subject to the regime laid down by those directives, since, first, the public authorities concerned exercise over that undertaking a control similar to that which they exercise
I sagen Land Oberösterreich mod Kommissionen (dom af 13.9.2007, forenede sager C-439/05 P og C-454/05 P) havde Kommissionen afvist en anmodning om undtagelse fra de harmoniseringsforanstaltninger, Republikken Østrig havde anmeldt i henhold til artikel 95, stk. 5, EF vedrørende et lovforslag, der havde til formål at opnå en fravigelse fra bestemmelserne i direktiv 2001/18 27, idet det indeholdt et forbud mod anvendelse af genmodicerede organismer i regionen Oberösterreich.
Council Directive 75/106/EEC of 19 December 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making-up by volume of certain prepackaged liquids (OJ 1974 L 42, p. 1).
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 98/37/EF af 22.6.1998 om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes lovgivning om maskiner (EFT L 207, s. 1).
Council Directive 92/50/EEC of 18 June 1992 relating to the coordination of procedures for the award of public service contracts (OJ 1992 L 209, p. 1).
Rådets direktiv 91/308/EØF af 10.6.1991 om forebyggende foranstaltninger mod anvendelse af det nansielle system til hvidvaskning af penge (EFT L 166, s. 77).
Council Directive 93/36/EEC of 14 June 1993 coordinating procedures for the award of public supply contracts (OJ 1993 L 199, p. 1).
Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2001/18/EF af 12.3.2001 om udsætning i miljøet af genetisk modicerede organismer og om ophævelse af Rådets direktiv 90/220/EØF – Erklæring fra Kommissionen (EFT L 106, s. 1).
Council Directive 93/37/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts (OJ 1993 L 199, p. 54).
Domstolen appellanterne – selv om Retten havde frifundet Kommissionen for deres påstand om annullation af den anfægtede beslutning – påberåbt sig tilsidesættelsen af dels kontradiktionsprincippet, dels artikel 95, stk. 5, EF.
Court of Justice over their own departments, and, second, such an undertaking carries out the essential part of its activities with those same authorities.
Domstolen fastslog, at under hensyn til den særlige karakter af proceduren i henhold til artikel 95, stk. 5, EF, denne procedures lighed med proceduren i henhold til artikel 95, stk. 4, samt det ensartede formål med disse to bestemmelser – som er at give medlemsstaterne mulighed for at gøre undtagelse fra harmoniseringsforanstaltninger – er Kommissionen ikke forpligtet til at overholde kontradiktionsprincippet, før den træer afgørelse i henhold til artikel 95, stk. 5, EF.
In Case C-503/04 Commission v Germany (judgment of 18 July 2007), concerning a contract for waste disposal concluded by the City of Brunswick without following the tendering procedure at Community level and in consequence of the Federal Republic of Germany’s failure to comply with a judgment finding that failure to full obligations pursuant to Article 226 EC, the Court ruled that, while the second subparagraph of Article 2(6) of Directive 89/665 (33) permits the Member States to preserve the eects of contracts concluded in breach of directives relating to the award of public contracts and thus protects the legitimate expectations of the parties thereto, its eect cannot be, unless the scope of the EC Treaty provisions establishing the internal market is to be reduced, that the contracting authority’s conduct vis-à-vis third parties is to be regarded as in conformity with Community law following the conclusion of such contracts.
Det fremgår nemlig ikke af ordlyden af denne bestemmelse, at Kommissionen er forpligtet til at høre medlemsstaten, før den træer sin beslutning om godkendelse eller afvisning af de pågældende nationale bestemmelser.
Moreover, that provision relates, as is apparent from its wording, to the compensation which a person harmed by an infringement committed by a contracting authority may obtain from the latter and cannot be regarded also as regulating the relations between a Member State and the Community in the context of Articles 226 EC and 228 EC.
Fællesskabslovgiver har kun fastsat de betingelser, som skal opfyldes for at opnå en beslutning fra Kommissionen, den frist, inden for hvilken Kommissionen skal træe sin beslutning om godkendelse eller afvisning, og den eventuelle fristforlængelse.
Even if it were to be accepted that the principles of legal certainty and of the protection of legitimate expectations, the principle pacta sunt servanda and the right to property could be used against the contracting authority by the other party to the contract in the event of rescission, Member States cannot in any event rely thereon to justify the failure to comply with a judgment establishing a failure to full obligations under Article 226 EC and thereby evade their own liability under Community law.
Endvidere iværksættes proceduren ikke af en fællesskabsinstitution eller et nationalt organ, men af en medlemsstat, idet Kommissionen alene træer beslutning som reaktion på medlemsstatens initiativ.
Case C-337/06 Bayerischer Rundfunk and Others (judgment of 13 December 2007) dealt with the question whether the German public broadcasting bodies are contracting authorities for the purposes of application of the Community rules on the award of public contracts.
Medlemsstaten har således fuldt ud lejlighed til at kommentere de nationale bestemmelser, som den ønsker indført, i sin ansøgning, således som det udtrykkeligt fremgår af artikel 95, stk. 5, EF, hvorefter medlemsstaten er forpligtet til at angive grundene til ansøgningen.
Article 1 of Directive 92/50 regards as contracting authorities, inter alia, bodies governed by public law and nanced, for the most part, by the State.
Desuden præciserede Domstolen, at indførelsen af nationale bestemmelser, som fraviger en harmoniseringsforanstaltning, skal være baseret på et nyt videnskabeligt belæg vedrørende miljøbeskyttelse eller beskyttelse af arbejdsmiljøet på grund af et problem, der er specikt for den pågældende medlemsstat, og som viser sig efter vedtagelsen af harmoniseringsforanstaltningen, dels at der skal gives Kommissionen meddelelse om de påtænkte foranstaltninger og om grundene til deres indførelse.
The Court ruled that there is ‘nancing, for the most part, by the State’when the activities of public broadcasting bodies such as those at issue in the main proceedings are nanced for the most part by a fee payable by persons who possess a receiver, which is imposed, calculated and levied in accordance with the rights and powers of public authority.
I sagen Rampion og Godard (dom af 4.10.2007, sag C-429/05) vedrørende forbrugerbeskyttelse på området for forbrugerkredit og forbrugerens ret til at tage retsmidler i anvendelse over for kreditgiveren fastslog Domstolen, at direktiv 87/102 28 nder anvendelse såvel på en kredit til nansiering af en enkelt operation som på en åbning af kredit, der giver forbrugeren adgang til at anvende den aftalte kredit flere gange.
When the activities of those public broadcasting bodies are nanced according to the procedures referred to above, the condition of ‘nancing … by the State’does not require there to be direct interference by the State or by other public authorities in the awarding, by such bodies, of a contract for the provision of cleaning services.
Desuden fastslog Domstolen, at direktivets artikel 11 og 14 skal fortolkes således, at de er til hinder for, at den ret til at tage retsmidler i anvendelse, der er fastlagt i direktivets artikel 11, stk. 2, og som tilkommer forbrugeren over for kreditgiveren, er betinget af, at den vare eller tjenesteydelse, der nansieres, er angivet i det forudgående tilbud om kredit.
The Court states that only the public contracts having the subject matter specied in Article 1 of the directive, that is to say, procurement contracts which fall within the essential function of broadcasting bodies, namely the creation and production of programmes, are excluded from the scope of that directive.
Denne fortolkning bekræftes af samme direktivs artikel 14, der bl.a. er til hinder for, at nationale bestemmelser gør det muligt for en kreditgiver at
On the other hand, the Community rules apply in full to public contracts for services which have no connection to the activities which form part of the performance of the publicservice duties.
Rådets direktiv 87/102/EØF af 22.12.1986 om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes love og administrative bestemmelser om forbrugerkredit (EFT 1987 L 42, s. 48).
Council Directive 89/665/EEC of 21 December 1989 on the coordination of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of review procedures to the award of public supply and public works contracts (OJ 1989 L 395, p. 33).
Udviklingen og arbejdet undgå sagsanlæg fra forbrugeren i henhold til den nævnte artikel 11 blot ved at undlade at angive de nansierede varer eller tjenesteydelser.
In this eld the Court examined both the regulation establishing the Community trade
De forskellige direktiver vedrørende udbud har på ny bidraget til mængden af søgsmål.
) and the directive approximating national laws (
Sagen Asociación Nacional de Empresas Forestales (dom af 19.4.2007, sag C-295/05) vedrører spørgsmålet, om en medlemsstat kan tildele en oentlig virksomhed en retsstilling, der gør det muligt for den at udføre arbejder uden at være omfattet af direktiv 92/50 30, 93/36 31 og 93/37 32 om indgåelse af oentlige aftaler.
The judgment given in Case C-29/05 P OHIM v Kaul [2007] ECR I-2213 claried the conditions in which account may be taken of new facts and evidence when they are submitted in support of an appeal in opposition proceedings.
Den oentlige virksomhed, den konkrete sag drejer sig om, havde en særlig status, der gjorde det muligt for den at udføre en lang række forskellige arbejder på direkte forespørgsel fra forvaltningen som en teknisk tjeneste for forvaltningen uden at anvende de foreskrevne udbudsprocedurer og uden at have nogen frihed med hensyn til, hvad der skulle ske med hverken en bestilling fra de kompetente myndigheder eller den takst, som skulle anvendes for dens ydelser.
The Court more particularly held that the Board of Appeal of the Oce for Harmonization in the Internal Market enjoys discretion for the purposes of deciding, subject to supplying reasons, whether or not to take into account, in order to make the decision which it is called upon to give, facts and evidence adduced by the opponent for the first time in the written pleading lodged in support of its appeal, with the result that, on the one hand, the Board is not necessarily bound to take into consideration such facts and evidence and, on the other, their being taken into consideration cannot automatically be excluded.
Domstolen fastslog, at de nævnte direktiver ikke til hinder for en retlig ordning som den, denne oentlige virksomhed er omfattet af, som giver den mulighed for som oentlig virksomhed i sin egenskab af særligt operationelt organ og teknisk tjeneste for flere oentlige myndigheder at foretage transaktioner uden at være underkastet den ordning, som er fastsat ved de nævnte direktiver, forudsat dels, at de pågældende oentlige myndigheder udøver en kontrol med den pågældende virksomhed, der svarer til den, som de fører med deres egne tjenestegrene, dels at en sådan virksomhed udfører hovedparten af sin virksomhed med de samme myndigheder.
Article 59 of Regulation No 40/94, which lays down the conditions for bringing an appeal before a Board of Appeal, cannot therefore be interpreted as starting a new period for the person bringing such an appeal in which to submit facts and evidence in support of its opposition.
I sagen Kommissionen mod Tyskland (dom af 18.7.2007, sag C-503/04) vedrørende indgåelse af en kontrakt om bortskaelse af renovation for byen Braunschweig, uden at anvende fællesskabsproceduren for udbud, og efter, at Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland undlod at fuldbyrde en dom om traktatbrud i henhold til artikel 226 EF, fastslog Domstolen, at selv
In Case C-321/03 Dyson [2007] ECR I-687 the Court, considering what signs may constitute a trade mark, held that the subject matter of an application for registration of a trade mark, which covers all the conceivable shapes of a transparent bin or collection chamber forming part of the external surface of a vacuum cleaner, is not a ‘sign’ within the meaning of Article 2 of Directive 89/104 and is not therefore capable of constituting a trade mark within the meaning of that provision.
Rådets direktiv 75/106/EØF af 19.12.1974 om tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes lovgivning om færdigpakning af visse væsker i bestemte volumenstørrelser (EFT L 42, s. 1).
In Case C-49/05 Adam Opel [2007] ECR I-1017, the Court observed that, by virtue of Article 5(1) of First Directive 89/104, a registered trade mark confers on its proprietor the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using in the course of trade any sign which is identical with the trade mark in relation to goods which are identical with those for which the trade mark is registered.
Rådets direktiv 93/36/EØF af 14.6.1993 om samordning af fremgangsmåderne ved oentlige indkøb (EFT L 199, s. 1).
Council Regulation (EC) No 40/94 of 20 December 1993 on the Community trade mark (OJ 1994 L 11, p. 1).
Rådets direktiv 93/37/EØF af 14.6.1993 om samordning af fremgangsmåderne med hensyn til indgåelse af oentlige bygge- og anlægskontrakter (EFT L 199, s. 54).
First Council Directive 89/104/EEC of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks (OJ 1989 L 40, p. 1).