•1) Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland har tilsidesat sine forpligtelser i henhold til EF-traktatens artikel 52 og 59 (efter ændring nu artikel 43 EF og artikel 49 EF), idet den i sin lovgivning har bestemt, at virksomheder i byggeindustrien, der er etableret i andre medlemsstater, a) inden for rammerne af et konsortium kun må tilbyde grænseoverskridende tjenesteydelser på det tyske marked, når de har deres hjemsted eller i det mindste et forretningssted i Tyskland, der beskæftiger eget personale, og de har indgået en kollektiv vuksomhedesoverenskomst b) kun må stille arbejdskraft fra et andet land til rådighed for andre virksomheder i byggeindustrien, når de har deres hjemsted eller i det mindste et forretningssted i Tyskland, der beskæftiger eget personale, og de som medlem af en tysk arbejdsgiverorganisation er omfattet af en kollektiv rammeaftale og en kollektiv aftale om socialsikring c) ikke i Tyskland kan oprette en filial, der kan anerkendes som en virksomhed i byggeindustrien, når dens personale udelukkende udfører forvaltnings-, salgs-, planlægnings-, og tilsynsopgaverog/eller lønarbejde, men at en sådan filial på det tyske arbejdsmarked desuden skal beskæftige arbejdstagere, der i mere end 50% af virksomhedens samlede arbejdstid udfører hyggemæssige opgaver.
A national provision such as Paragraph 18(3) of the Rettungsdienstgesetz, as enacted on 22 April 1991, under which the authorisation necessary for providing ambulance transport services will be refused by the competent authority if its use might prejudice the functioning and profitability of the public emergency ambulance service, the operation of which has been an entrusted to medical aid organisations like those involved in the main proceedings, is of a nature such as to confer on the latter organisations a special or exclusive right within the meaning of Article 90(1) of the Treaty (now Article 86(1) EC); where the decision to grant or refuse that authorisation is taken unilaterally by the competent authorities entirely on their own responsibility, according to the conditions laid down by law and in the absence of any agreement or concertation by those authorities with the medical aid organisations themselves, or between those organisations, there is no breach of Article 90(1) of the Treaty, in conjunction with Article 85(1)(c) thereof (now Article 81(l)(c) EC); ' a national provision such as Paragraph 18(3) of the Rettungsdienstgesetz, as enacted on 22 April 1991, is contrary to Article 90(1) of the Treaty read in conjunction with Article 86 thereof (now Article 82 EC), in so far as it is established that: the medical aid organisations such as those in question in the main proceedings occupy a dominant position on the market for emergency transport services, that dominant position exists on a substantial part of the common market, and there is a sufficient degree of probability, having regard to the economic characteristics of the market in question, that the provision actually prevents undertakings established in Member States other than the Member State in question from carrying out ambulance transport services there, or even from establishing themselves there; however, a provision such as Paragraph 18(3) of the Rettungsdienstgesetz 1991 is justified under Article 90(2) of the Treaty provided that it does not bar the grant of an authorisation to independent operators where it is established that the medical aid organisations entrusted with the operation of the public emergency ambulance service are