natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Således bør anbringenderne om ugrundet berigelse eller om uanmodet forretningsførelse ikke forkastes, alene fordi betingelsen om institutionens ulovlige adfærd ikke er opfyldt.
Accordingly, pleas regarding unjust enrichment and negotiorum gestio cannot be dismissed solely on the ground that the condition relating to the unlawfulness of the conduct of the institution is not satised.
Efter ligeledes at have bemærket, at Fællesskabernes retsinstanser endvidere allerede havde haft mulighed for at anvende visse principper om tilbagesøgning, navnlig vedrørende forbuddet mod ugrundet berigelse, som er en af fællesskabsrettens almindelige retsgrundsætninger, konkluderede Retten, at det skulle undersøges, om betingelserne for søgsmålet om ugrundet berigelse eller betingelserne for søgsmålet støttet på uanmodet forretningsførelse var opfyldt i denne sag.
Further observing that the Community courts have already had the opportunity to apply certain principles in respect of recovery of undue payments, including in relation to unjust enrichment, the prohibition of which is a general principle of Community law, the Court of First Instance concluded that it had to be examined whether the conditions governing the action de in rem verso or the action based on negotiorum gestio are satised in the case at hand.
I denne henseende redegjorde Retten for mulighederne for gennemførelsen af disse søgsmål ud fra de almindelige retsgrundsætninger, der er fælles for medlemsstaternes retssystemer, dvs. for det første, at de ikke kan gennemføres, når fordelen ved berigelsen eller ved forretningsførelsen hviler på en kontrakt eller en lovforpligtelse, og, for det andet, at de almindeligvis kun kan anvendes subsidiært, dvs. når skadelidte ikke har nogen anden søgsmålsmulighed for at opnå det, som vedkommende har til gode.
In that regard, the Court of First Instance outlined the detailed rules governing such actions according to the general principles common to the laws of the Member States, namely that those actions cannot succeed where the justication for the advantage gained by the enriched party or the principal derives from a contract or legal obligation, and that it is generally possible to plead such actions only in the alternative, that is to say where the injured party has no other action available to obtain what it is owed.
Retten antog på denne baggrund, at sagsøgerens anbringender i denne sag ikke var velbegrundede.
It concluded that in this case the pleas of the applicant were unfounded.
Begæringer om foreløbige forholdsregler
Applications for interim relief
Præsidenten for Retten skulle i dette år tage stilling til 27 begæringer om foreløbige forholdsregler, hvilket udgør en let stigning i forhold til antallet af fremsatte begæringer (21) året forinden.
This year 25 applications for interim relief were made to the President of the Court of First Instance, which represents a slight increase compared with the number of applications (21) made the previous year.
I 2006 traf Rettens præsident afgørelse i 24 sager, og i 2 sager blev begæringerne om foreløbige forholdsregler efterkommet, nemlig i kendelserne i sagen Globe mod Kommissionen og i sagen Romana Tabacchi mod Kommissionen 72.
In 2006, the President decided 24 cases and twice ordered interim measures, in his orders in Globe v Commission and Romana Tabacchi v Commission 72.
Kendelsen i sagen Globe mod Kommissionen står i forlængelse af kendelsen afsagt i 2005 i sagen Deloitte mod Kommissionen 73, men i modsætning til afgørelsen i sidstnævnte sag, blev der i denne sag anordnet foreløbige forholdsregler.
The order in Globe v Commission forms part of a process begun by the order made in 2005 in Deloitte v Commission 73, but, unlike the decision in that case, it ordered interim measures.
Sagsøgeren havde i denne sag nedlagt påstand om udsættelse af gennemførelsen af Kommissionens beslutning, hvorved
In this case the applicant was seeking suspension of the operation of a Commission decision rejecting its bid made in a tendering procedure for the supply of goods destined for certain countries in central Asia.
Kendelse afsagt af Rettens præsident den 20.7.2006, sag T-114/06 R, Globe mod Kommissionen, endnu ikke trykt i Samling af Afgørelser, og den 13.7.2006, sag T-11/06 R, Romana Tabacchi mod Kommissionen, endnu ikke trykt i Samling af Afgørelser.
Orders of the President of the Court of First Instance of 20 July 2006 in Case T-114/06 R Globe v Commission and of 13 July 2006 in Case T-11/06 R Romana Tabacchi v Commission, not yet published in the ECR.
Kendelse afsagt af Rettens præsident den 20.9.2005, sag T-195/05 R, Deloitte Business Advisory mod Kommissionen, Sml. II, s. 3485.
Order of the President of the Court of First Instance of 20 September 2005 in Case T-195/05 R Deloitte Business Advisory v Commission [2005] ECR II-3485.
Arbejdet
Page 150
Han tilføjede, at det almindelige princip om ret til fuldstændig og effektiv retsbeskyttelse ikke desto mindre indebærer, at de retsundergivne kan sikres foreløbig beskyttelse, hvis dette med henblik på at undgå en lakune i den retsbeskyttelse, som Fællesskabets retsinstanser sikrer, er nødvendigt for at sikre den fulde virkning af den fremtidige endelige afgørelse.
It added that nevertheless, the general principle of Community law which gives individuals a right to complete and eective judicial protection required that interim protection be available to individuals, if it was necessary for the full eectiveness of the denitive future decision, in order to ensure that there was no lacuna in the legal protection provided by the Community courts.
Det skulle derfor undersøges, om den mulighed, Kommissionen efter en eventuel annullationsdom har for at iværksætte en ny udbudsprocedure, vil kunne genoprette den af sagsøgeren hævdede skade, og i tilfælde af benægtende svar, om sagsøgeren kan opnå en erstatning for skaden.
It should therefore be examined whether, following an annulling judgment, the possibility of the Commission organising a new tendering procedure would allow such damage to be repaired and, if that is not the case, it should be assessed whether the applicant could be compensated accordingly.
I den pågældende sag var det meget lidt sandsynligt, at Kommissionen efter en eventuel annullationsdom, som formodentlig først ville foreligge efter fuldførelsen af kontrakten, ville afholde en ny udbudsprocedure.
In this case it was very unlikely that, following an annulling judgment, which would probably be delivered after the contract had been performed, a fresh tendering procedure would be organised by the Commission.
Rettens præsident prøvede derfor, om Globe kunne holdes skadesløs for tabet af en mulighed for at opnå den kontrakt, der var genstand for den fællesskabsretlige udbudsprocedure.
The President therefore examined whether Globe could be compensated for the loss of a chance of being awarded the contract which was the subject of the Community tendering procedure.
Selv om der havde været en meget reel mulighed for at opnå kontrakten, ville det dog være meget vanskeligt, for ikke at sige umuligt, at opgøre denne i tal og dermed med den krævede nøjagtighed at vurdere tabets omfang.
Although that chance was a very serious one, it was very dicult, or even impossible, to quantify it and, therefore, to assess as precisely as required the damage resulting from its loss.
Da tabet ikke med tilstrækkelig nøjagtighed kunne opgøres i tal, blev det anset for at være meget svært opretteligt.
As the damage could not be quantied suciently precisely, it had to be considered to be very dicult to remedy.
Rettens præsident fastslog ligeledes, at tabet var alvorligt under hensyntagen til denne sags særlige omstændigheder og kendetegnene for det marked, hvorpå sagsøgeren og tilslagsmodtageren er aktive.
The President of the Court of First Instance also took the view that the damage was serious, having regard to the particular circumstances of the case and the characteristics of the market on which the applicant and the undertaking awarded the contract were operating.
Endelig foretog Rettens præsident en afvejning af interesserne i sagen og bemærkede, at der var vægtige grunde til at tro, at Kommissionen havde handlet ulovligt.
Finally, having weighed up the interests involved, the President recalled that there were serious reasons for thinking that the Commission had acted unlawfully.
I betragtning af den erstatning, som tilslagsmodtageren kunne kræve af Kommissionen ved de kompetente retsinstanser, kunne interesseafvejningen ikke falde ud til fordel for tilslagsmodtageren og dermed til skade for sagsøgeren. I øvrigt kunne Kommissionen ikke godtgøre nogen interesse, som kunne ændre denne vurdering, hvorfor Rettens præsident udsatte tildelingen af kontrakten.
Moreover, in view of the compensation which the party awarded the contract could claim from the Commission before the competent courts, the balance of interests could not be allowed to favour the party awarded the contract at the expense of the applicant.
I kendelsen i sagen Romana Tabacchi mod Kommissionen tog Rettens præsident stilling til en begæring indgivet af en virksomhed, som søgte at opnå fritagelse fra forpligtelsen til at stille en bankgaranti som betingelse for, at bøden, som virksomheden var blevet pålagt, ikke straks inddrives.
In the order in Romana Tabacchi v Commission, the President of the Court of First Instance ruled on an application made by an undertaking which sought a waiver of the obligation to set up a bank guarantee as a condition for the fine imposed on it not being recovered immediately.
Rettens præsident fastslog, at der forelå ganske særlige omstændigheder, som berettigede en delvis udsættelse af sagsøgerens forpligtelse til at stille en bankgaranti.
The President found that there were exceptional circumstances in the case which justied a partial suspension of the obligation on the applicant to set up a bank guarantee.
Foruden at der forelå fumus boni juris, havde sagsøgeren faktisk kunnet godtgøre, at dennes og aktionærernes prekære økonomiske situation var årsagen til visse bankers afvisning af at stille den krævede garanti.
The applicant succeeded in establishing not only the existence of a prima facie case but also that its precarious financial situation and that of its shareholders were the reasons for the refusal by certain banks to grant the guarantee required.
Ved interesseafvejningen fandt Rettens præsident endvidere, at Kommissionens finansielle interesser ikke er bedre beskyttet ved straks at iværksætte tvangsfuldbyrdelse af beslutningen, da det var
Having weighed up the interests in the matter, the President also took the view that the financial interests of the Commission would not be better safeguarded by immediate enforcement of the decision because it was unlikely that it would be able to obtain the amount of the fine.
Retten i Første Instans
In this case, too, interim measures were ordered.
Endelig skal det nævnes, at sagsøgeren i den allerede nævnte sag Endesa mod Kommissionen 74 havde fremsat en begæring om foreløbige forholdsregler for at opnå udsættelse af gennemførelsen af Kommissionens beslutning, hvorved Endesas klage var blevet afvist 75.
Finally, mention should be made of the fact that, in Endesa v Commission 74, already cited in connection with the control of concentrations, the applicant made an application for
Rettens dom af 14.7.2006, sag T-417/05, Endesa mod Kommissionen, endnu ikke trykt i Samling af Afgørelser.
Judgment of 14 July 2006 in Case T-417/05 Endesa v Commission, not yet published in the ECR.
Kendelse afsagt af Rettens præsident den 1.2.2006, sag T-417/05 R, Endesa mod Kommissionen, ikke trykt i Samling af Afgørelser.
N. Wahl, Judge; S. Papasavvas, Judge; K. Jürimäe, Judge; D. Šváby, Judge; V. Vadapalas, Judge; I. Labucka, Judge; E. Moavero Milanesi, Judge; M. Prek, Judge; E. Coulon, Registrar.
B – Retten i Første Instans’ sammensætning
Members of the Court of First Instance
(Sammensætning efter rangfølge pr. 6.10.2006)
(in order of their entry into oce)
Dommer V. Tiili, afdelingsformændene J.D. Cooke, M. Vilaras og M. Jaeger, præsident B. Vesterdorf, afdelingsformændene J. Pirrung og H. Legal, dommerne R. García-Valdecasas og J. Azizi.
Born 1945; Lawyer-linguist at the Court of Justice; Administrator in the Ministry of Justice; Examining Magistrate; Legal Attaché in the Permanent Representation of Denmark to the European Communities; Temporary Judge at the Østre Landsret (Court of Appeal); Head of the Constitutional and Administrative Law Division in the Ministry of Justice; Director of a department in the Ministry of Justice; University Lecturer; Member of the Steering Committee on Human Rights at the Council of Europe (CDDH), and subsequently Member of the Bureau of the CDDH; in 2004 Member of the ‘Ad-hoc committee on judicial training’at the Academy of European Law, Trier (Germany); Judge at the Court of First Instance since 25 September 1989; President of the Court of First Instance since 4 March 1998.
Dommerne N. Wahl, S.S. Papasavvas, K. Jürimäe, D. Šváby, V. Vadapalas, I. Labucka, E. Moavero Milanesi og M. Prek, justitssekretær E. Coulon.
Born 1942; Doctor of Laws of the University of Helsinki; assistant lecturer in civil and commercial law at the University of Helsinki; Director of Legal Aairs and Commercial Policy at the Central Chamber of Commerce of Finland; Director-General of the Oce for Consumer Protection, Finland; Judge at the Court of First Instance since 18 January 1995.
Født i 1945; juristlingvist ved EF-Domstolen; fuldmægtig i Justitsministeriet; dommerfuldmægtig; juridisk attaché ved Danmarks Faste Repræsentation ved Det Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskab, konstitueret dommer i Østre Landsret; kontorchef i Justitsministeriets Lovafdeling; afdelingschef i Justitsministeriet; lektor; medlem af Styringskomitéen for Menneskerettigheder i Europarådet (CDDH), derefter medlem af CDDH’s Bureau; i 2004 medlem af »Ad-hoc committee on judicial training« ved Europäische Rechtsakademie Trier iTyskland; dommer ved Retten i Første Instans siden den 25. september 1989; præsident for Retten i Første Instans siden den 4. marts 1998.
Born 1954; lawyer; attaché de justice, delegated to the Public Attorney’s Oce; Judge, Vice-President of the Luxembourg District Court; teacher at the Centre universitaire de Luxembourg (Luxembourg University Centre); member of the judiciary on secondment, Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice from 1986; Judge at the Court of First Instance since 11 July 1996.
Født i 1946; Abogado del Estado (i Jaén og Granada); justitssekretær ved retten for økonomiske og administrative sager i Jaén, derefter i Córdoba; medlem af advokatsamfundet (Jaén, Grenada); chef for udenrigsministeriets særlige juridiske kontor for EF-spørgsmål; chef for den spanske delegation i den af Rådet nedsatte arbejdsgruppe vedrørende oprettelsen af Retten i Første Instans; dommer ved Retten i Første Instans siden den 25. september 1989.
Born 1940; academic assistant at the University of Marburg; Doctor of Laws (University of Marburg); adviser, subsequently head of the section for private international law and, finally, head of a subdivision for civil law in the German Federal Ministry of Justice; member of the Governing Council of Unidroit (1993–98); chairman of the commission of the Hague Conference on Private International Law to draw up the Convention concerning the protection of children (1996); honorary professor at the University of Trier (private international law, international procedural law, European law); member of the Scientic Advisory Board of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign Private and Private International Law in Hamburg since 2002; Judge at the Court of First Instance since 11 June 1997.
Født i 1942; juridisk doktorgrad fra Helsinkis universitet; undervisningsassistent i borgerlig ret og handelsret ved Helsinkis universitet; direktør med ansvar for retlige anliggender og handelspolitik ved Finlands centrale handelskammer; generaldirektør for Finlands Konsumentverk (forbrugerstyrelsen); dommer ved Retten i Første Instans siden den 18. januar 1995.
Born 1938; Professor of International Law and holder of the Jean Monnet Chair of European Community law at the University of Bologna; Doctor honoris causa of the Carlos III University, Madrid; visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University (Bologna Center), the Universities of St Johns (New York), Georgetown, Paris-II and Georgia (Athens) and the Institut universitaire international (Luxembourg); coordinator of the European Business Law Pallas Program of the University of Nijmegen; member of the consultative committee of the Commission of the European Communities on public procurement; Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry during the Italian tenure of the Presidency of the Council; member of the working group of the European Community on the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and director of the 1997 session of the research centre of The Hague Academy of International Law, devoted to the WTO; Judge at the Court of First Instance from 4 March 1998 to 3 May 2006; Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 4 May 2006.
Født i 1945; cand.jur. fra Lunds universitet; hovrättsassessor ved Svea Hovrätt; jurist og departementsråd ved udenrigsministeriets handelsafdeling; dommer ved Retten i Første Instans fra den 18. januar 1995 til den 6. oktober 2006, dommer ved Domstolen siden den 7. oktober 2006.
Born 1944; Justice at the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (1996); Judge and Vice-President at the College van Beroep voor het Bedrijfsleven (Administrative Court for Trade and Industry) (1986); Judge Substitute at the Court of Appeal for Social Security, and Substitute Member of the Administrative Court for Customs Ta ri Matters; Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice of the European Communities (1980); Lecturer in European Law in the Law Faculty of the University of Groningen and Research Assistant at the University of Michigan Law School; Staff Member of the International Secretariat of the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce (1970); Judge at the Court of First Instance since 17 September 1998.
Født i 1948; juridisk doktorgrad samt samfundsfaglig og erhvervsøkonomisk kandidateksamen fra Wiens universitet; forsknings- og undervisningsassistent ved Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien og ved det retsvidenskabelige fakultet ved Wiens universitet; kontorchef og afdelingschef i Forbundskancelliet; medlem af Europarådets styringsudvalg for retligt samarbejde (CDCJ); beskikket rettergangsfuldmægtig ved Verfassungsgerichtshof (forfatningsdomstolen) i retssager om forfatningsmæssigheden af forbundsstatslovgivning; ansvarlig for koordineringen af østrigsk forbundsrets tilpasning til fællesskabsretten; dommer ved Retten i Første Instans siden den 18. januar 1995.
Born 1950; lawyer (1974–80); national expert with the Legal Service of the Commission of the European Communities, then Principal Administrator in Directorate General V (Employment, Industrial Relations, Social Aairs); Junior Ocer, Junior Member and, since 1999, Member of the Greek Council of State; Associate Member of the Superior Special Court of Greece; Member of the Central Legislative Drafting Committee of Greece (1996–98); Director of the Legal Service in the General Secretariat of the Greek Government; Judge at the Court of First Instance since 17 September 1998.
Marc Jaeger
Hubert Legal
Født i 1940; adjunkt ved Marburgs universitet; dr.jur. (Marburgs universitet); ansat i Bundesministerium der Justiz, senere chef for kontoret for international privatret og senest leder af en underafdeling for civilret i samme ministerium; medlem af Unidroits styrende råd (19931998); formand for kommissionen til udarbejdelse af konventionen til beskyttelse af børn under Haagerkonferencen for international privatret (1996); æresprofessor ved Triers universitet (international privat- og procesret, europæisk ret); siden 2002 medlem af Fachbeirat ved Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht i Hamburg; dommer ved Retten i Første Instans siden den 11. juni 1997.
Born 1956; studied in Lisbon, Brussels and Strasbourg; Member of the Bar in Portugal and Brussels; independent researcher at the Institut d’études européennes de l’université libre de Bruxelles (Institute of European Studies, Free University of Brussels); Legal Secretary to the Portuguese Judge at the Court of Justice, Mr Moitinho de Almeida (1986–2000), then to the President of the Court of First Instance, Mr Vesterdorf (2000–03); Judge at the Court of First Instance since 31 March 2003.
Født i 1938; professor i folkeret og indehaver af Jean Monnetprofessoratet i fællesskabsret ved Bolognas universitet; æresdoktor ved Carlos III-universitetet i Madrid; gæsteprofessor ved følgende universiteter: John Hopkins (Bologna Center), St. Johns (New York), Georgetown, Paris-II, Georgia (Athens) og Institut universitaire international (Luxembourg); koordinator af European Business Law Pallas Program på Nijmegens universitet; medlem af Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskabers Rådgivende Udvalg for Offentlige Aftaler; statssekretær for industri og handel under det italienske formandskab i Rådet; medlem af EF’s arbejdsgruppe vedrørende Verdenshandelsorganisationen (WTO) og leder af 1997-konferencen om Verdenshandelsorganisationen på forskningscentret ved Hague Academy of International Law; dommer ved Retten i Første Instans fra den 4. marts 1998 til den 3. maj 2006; generaladvokat ved Domstolen siden den 4. maj 2006.
Born 1959; Law degree (University of Liege, 1981); research fellow (Fonds national de la recherche scientique, 1985–89); legal adviser to the Chamber of Representatives (1981–90); Doctor in Laws (University of Strasbourg, 1990); Professor (Universities of Liege and Strasbourg; College of Europe; Institut royal supérieur de Défense; Université Montesquieu, Bordeaux; Collège Michel Servet of the Universities of Paris; Faculties of Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur); Special Representative of the Minister for Foreign Aairs (1995–99); Director of European Studies of the Royal Institute of International Relations (1998–2003); assesseur at the Council of State (2001–03); consultant to the European Commission (1990–2003); member of the Internet Observatory (2001–03); Judge at the Court of First Instance since 7 October 2003.
Født i 1944; dommer ved Nederlandenes højesteret (1996), dommer og vicepræsident ved College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven (appelinstans i handelssager) (1986) stedfortrædende medlem af Tariefcommissie (tariferingsnævn) og Commissie bezwaarschriftenWet arob/Awb (socialt ankenævn); stedfortrædende medlem af Centrale Raad van Beroep (appelinstans inden for forvaltningsdomstolsorganisationen); referendar ved De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol (1980); docent i europæisk ret ved det juridiske fakultet på Groningens universitet og forskningsmedarbejder på University of Michigan Law School; medarbejder i det internationale sekretariat for Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken, Amsterdam (1970); dommer ved Retten i Første Instans siden den 17. september 1998.
Born 1936; Bachelors Degree (BA) in languages, Royal University of Malta (1955); Doctor of Laws (LLD) of the Royal University of Malta (1958); practising at the Malta Bar from 1959; Legal Adviser to the National Council of Women (1964–79); Member of the Public Service Commission (1987–89); Board Member at Lombard Bank (Malta) Ltd, representing the Government shareholding (1987–93); Member of the Electoral Commission since 1993; examiner for doctoral theses in the Faculty of Laws of the Royal University of Malta; Member of the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) (2003–04); Judge at the Court of First Instance since 12 May 2004.