natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Sammenholdt med arbejdets karakter, og om der havde været tale om offentlig eller privat ansættelse, så der for kvindernes ved kommende ud til at have været en sammenhæng mellem fysisk anstren gende arbejde og tilbagetrækningsalder og for mændenes vedkommen de mellem ansættelses-regi og tilbagetrækningsalder (jfr. tabel
Compared with the nature of their employment, and depending on whether they were employed in the public or the private sector, a relationship appeared to exist in the case of women between the level of physical exertion involved in their work and the age at which retirement was taken, ana in the case of men between their conditions of employment and the age at which retirement was taken (cf.
5.6. og 5.7.).
Tables 5.6 and 5.7).
Det ses her, at de kvinder der havde haft fysisk anstrengende arbejde, i højere grad end de, der ikke havde haft fysisk anstrengende arbejde, trak sig tilbage tidligt dvs. mel lem 56 og 60 år (ca. 37% mod ca. 28%), mens der ikke kunne spo res nogen tilsvarende tendens for mændenes vedkommende.
It will be appreciated that a higher proportion of those women who had performed physically demanding work than those whose work had not been physically demanding took early retirement, i.e. between the ages of 56 and 60 years (about 37%, as
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter tilbagetrækningsalder samt efter, om deres arbejde havde været fysisk anstrengende, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Retired wage earners distributed according to retirement age and whether their work was physically demanding. Men and women shown separately.
Arbejdet fysisk Arbejdet ikke anstrengende fysisk anstrenAlder Køn gende
Work not physically demanding
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter tilbagetrækningsalder samt efter, om de havde været privat eller offentligt ansat, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Retired wage earners distributed according to retirement age and whether employed in the private or public sector. Men and women shown separately Percentage values.
Offentligt ansat
Private sector
Køn
Total
Hvad angår den ugentlige arbejdstid forud for tilbagetrækningen, fandtes der en betydelig forskel mellem mænd og kvinder og en vis forskel mellem de forskellige stillingskategorier.
As far as the actual number of hours worked per week prior to retirement is concerned, a considerable difference was found to exist between men and women, and a certain difference was found to exist between the various types of job.
Derimod så der ikke ud til at have været forskel mellem privat og offent ligt ansatte eller forskel afhængig af, om der var tale om en tidlig eller en sen tilbagetrækning. Som det fremgår af tabel
On the other hand no obvious difference was observed between employees in the private and public sectors, just as no apparent difference appeared to exist between early or late retirement.
5.8. havde ca. 48% af kvinderne haft en ugentlig arbejdstid på mindre end 40 timer, mens det samme kun var tilfældet for 9% af mændene.
As may be seen from Table 5.8, about 48% of women had worked for less than 40 hours per week, whereas this was true of only 9% of men.
For kvindernes vedkommende var det især de underordne de funktionærer, der havde haft nedsat arbejdstid (ca. 63%), mens der af de faglærte kun var halvt så mange (ca. 29%).
As far as women are concerned, it was above all amongst the clerical white collar workers that reduced hours of work had occurred (about 63%), whereas only half as many skilled workers were affected (about 29%).
Blandt mændene var det de overordnede funktionærer og tjenestemænd, der havde den laveste andel med nedsat arbejdstid, mens det også for disses vedkommende var de underordnede funktionærer og tjenestemænd, der havde den højeste andel.
Of the men, those with the lowest proportion of reduced hours of work were encountered amongst managerial whitecollar workers and civil servants, whereas the highest proportion was encountered amongst clerical whitecollar workers and civil servants.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter antal ugentlige arbejdstimer, samt efter stilling umiddelbart før, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Retired wage earners distributed according to the number of hours worked per week and position held prior to retirement. Men and women shown separately.
Mindre end m 4 0 timer k
Unskilled skilled
4 0 timer eller mere m k
9.1 47.6 m w
Der kunne spores en vis tendens til øget sygelighed op mod til- bagetrækningstidspunktet.
It was possible to identify a certain tendency towards increased ill health up to the point of retirement.
Den samlede andel af dem, der havde haft mere end 4 ugers sygefravær årligt, steg fra 5% det 5. sid ste år før erhvervsophøret til 17% det sidste år før.
The overall proportion of those who had been absent from work for more than 4 weeks per year due to ill health increased from a level of 5% during the last five years before stopping work to 17% in the last year before stopping work.
Ser man omvendt på de, der ingen sygeuger havde haft overhovedet, dre jede det sig om 85% i 4. og 5. året før, 82% i 3. året før, 78% det næstsidste år og 70% det sidste år før pensioneringen.
If, on the other hand, we examine the numbers who had never been absent from work due to ill health, we will find that there were 85% in the fourth and fifth years before stopping work, 82% in the third year, 78% in the penultimate year and 70% in the last year before retirement.
(mellem 1 og 4 uger) end mændene svarende til en tilsvarende mindre %-del, der ingen sygeuger havde haft det sidste år før tilbagetrækningen (jfr. tabel 5.9. og 5.10.).
With regard to the highest level of ill health ( > 4 weeks), no difference was observed between men and women. What did emerge, however, was that women had accounted for a comparatively larger proportion of the lower levels of ill health (between 1 and 4 weeks) than men, representing a comparatively lower percentage who had suffered from no illness in the final year before retirement (cf. Tables 5.9 and 5.10). When compared with the pensionable age (cf.
Sammenholdt med pensionsalderen (jfr. tabel 5.9.) ses det, at det er de tidligt pensionerede, der har haft den højeste syge lighed det sidste år, de var i erhverv.
Table 5.9), it will be appreciated that those who retired early had exhibited the highest level of ill health in the final year in which they were in employment.
Af de, der havde truk ket sig tilbage i alderen mellem 56 og 60 år, havde nemlig mere end en fjerdedel haft 5 sygeuger eller flere året før, mens der for de, der var fortsat med at arbejde til mellem 61 og 65 år, var tale om ca. 14% og for de, der var fortsat til mellem 6 6 og
In fact, of those who had retired at an age between 56 and 60 years, more than one quarter had been absent from work due to ill health for five weeks or more in the previous year, whilst the corresponding figure was about 14% for those who had continued in work until the age of between 61 and 65 years, and about 5% for those who had continued until the age of between 66 and 70 years.
Ser man på sygeligheden i sammenhæng med tidligere arbejdsstil ling (jfr. tabel 5.10.), viser det sig, at det for både mænde nes og kvindernes vedkommende, er de underordnede funktionærer og tjenestemænd, der havde haft det største sygefravær det sid ste år, de arbejdede (33% af mændene og 40% af kvinderne havde haft 1 sygeuge eller flere), mens de overordnede funktionærer og tjenestemænd havde haft det mindste sygefravær (kun 18% af mændene og 26% af kvinderne havde haft sygeuger overhovedet).
Table 5.10) it will be appreciated that, in the case of both men and women, the highest level of absence due to ill health in the final year before retirement occurred amongst clerical whitecollar workers and civil servants (33% of men and 40% of women had been absent from work for 1 week or more due to ill health), whereas managerial whitecollar workers and civil servants had been absent from work for the shortest time (only 18% of men and 26% of women had been absent from work due to ill health).
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter antal sygeuger det sid­ste år før tilbagetrækningen samt efter tilbagetrækningsalder, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Retired wage earners distributed according to the number of weeks sick leave in the last year before retirement and retirement age. Men and women shown separately.
Mellem 1 og m
No weeks sick leave
4 sygeuger
Between 1 and 4 weeks sick leave m w
Pensionerede lønmodtagere, fordelt efter antal sygeuger det sid­ste år forud for tilbagetrækningen, samt efter stilling umiddel­bart før, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Retired wage earners distrubuted according to the number of weeks sick leave in the last year before retirement and according to position held immediately prior to retirement. Men and women shown separately.
4 sygeuger
64.0 m w
5 sygeuger m eli. flere k
Between 1 and 4 weeks sick leave m w
Omkring 16% af mændene og 25% af kvinderne havde haft mulighed for en gradvis tilbagetrækning, i begge grupper var det dog kun omkring halvdelen, der havde udnyttet den.
About 16% of men and 25% of women had been offered the opportunity of progressive retirement; only about half had taken advantage of this in both groups, however.
77% af alle mente ik ke, de havde haft nogen mulighed,og 3% vidste det ikke.
77% of all respondents claimed not to have been offered any such opportunity, and 3% did not know.
Der kunne ikke udledes nogen sammenhæng med den tidligere ar bejdsstilling, hvorimod det ser ud til, at det for mændenes ved kommende fortrinsvis har været de privat ansatte, der havde mu ligheden (jfr. tabel 5.11.).
No relationship could be established with the nature of the previous employment, although in the case of men it does appear that the opportunity had been offered principally to those who had been employed in the private sector (cf. Table 5.11).
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter deres mulighed for grad vist at trække sig tilbage, samt efter om de havde været offentligt eller privat ansat, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Retired wage earners distributed according to their opportunities for progressive retirement, whether they were employed in the public or private sector. Men and women shown separately.
Offentligt
Public sector
Havde ikke mu m ligheden
Had the opportunity m w
Ved ikke m k
Did not have the opportunity
Årsager til tilbagetrækning.
Reasons for retirement
Dels har de selvstændige bedre muligheder for at indrette deres arbejdsbetingelser efter evner og ønsker. Dels står de ikke over for den faste aldersgrænse, som en del lønmodtagere, ikke mindst offentligt ansatte, må acceptere.
A number of factors appear to exist to explain why more old people amongst the selfemployed than amongst wageearners remain in gainful employment.
Skelner man blandt lønmodtagere mellem dem med og dem uden under ordnede, vil man se, at det fortrinsvis er de førstnævnte, der er erhvervsaktive i årene umiddelbart før og efter folkepensions alderen.
On the one hand, the selfemployed are in a better position to arrange their working conditions to suit their abilities and convenience: and < ^r the other hand, they are not affected by the fixed age limit which pomp. wage-earners, not least those employed in the public sector, must accept. If a distinction is drawn between wageearners with subordinates and wa/reearners without subordinates, it will be appreciated that it is principally the former who remain in gainful employment in the years immediately preceding and following pensionable age.
Her må forklaringen igen være de bedre muligheder for at tilrettelægge arbejdet individuelt, set i forhold til den underordnede lønmodtager, der ikke har den samme indflydelse på arbejdsvilkårene, og derfor må enten udføre det fastlagte arbejde eller trække sig tilbage (SFI 105).
Here too, the explanation mav be the improved opportunities for arranging the work to suit the individual, by comparison with wageearners who report to superiors and who are unable to influence their conditions of employment to the same extent, with the result that they must either perform the duties demanded of them or retire (SFI 105).
Med hensyn til faste aldersgrænser er der på det private arbejds marked ingen generelle, lovmæssigt fastsatte grænser for, hvor længe man kan forblive erhvervsaktiv.
With regard to fixed age limits, the private employment market imposes no general, legally stipulated limits as to the period for which one may remain in gainful employment.
Der indgår dog i visse kol lektive overenskomster mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter, nærmere be stemmelser herfor, således at man på enkelte områder skal trække sig tilbage senest ved 67 års alderen, på andre områder allerede ved 65 års alderen, og atter andre går helt ned til de 60 år.
However, certain agreements entered into between the parties involved in the employment market do contain precise requirements in this respect, to the effect that employees in certain areas shall be required to retire at the age of 67, in other areas at the age of 65, and in yet other areas as early as at the age of 60.
På det offentlige arbejdsmarked er pensionsalderen derimod lovmæssigt
In the public employment market, on the other hand, the pensionable age is subject to statutory provisions as far as civil servants are concerned, who are required to retire no later than their 70th birthday.
23 reguleret for de tjenestemandsansattes vedkommende, idet disse skal fratræde senest ved det fyldte 70 år.
The fact that only a very few of them continue to work until they reach the fixed age limit is quite another matter.
Når man samtidig ved, at ca. en trediedel af alle lønmodtagere er offentligt ansatte, er det en forholdsvis stor del, for hvem der er fastlagt en øvre aldersgrænse for pen sioneringen.
In 1977, it was found (SFI 32) that about one half of all whitecollar workers and about one quarter of all blue-collar workers (skilled and unskilled workers taken together) were subject to a compulsory age limit.
At det kun er de færreste, der fortsætter med at ar bejde, indtil den faste aldersgrænse, er en anden sag.
It may also be said that the unemployed are also subject to a compulsory pensionable age when they reach their 67th birthday, since this is the date on which their entitlement to unemployment benefit ceases and on which their entitlement to receive a State pension begins.
I 1977 fandt man (SFI 32), at omkring halvdelen af alle funktio nærer og en fjerdedel af arbejdere (faglærte og ufaglærte under ét) var omfattet af en tvungen aldersgrænse.
In 1977, the following relationships were found to exist between the type of work and the reason for retirement put forward as being the most important (SFI 105, page 275).
67 år, idet retten til dagpenge ved ledighed ophører på dette tids punkt, hvor retten til folkepension indtræder.
It may be seen from the above that more than half the retired unskilled workers gave poor health as being the reason for/cause of retirement, whereas this was the case for only one third of all wageearners and for only one quarter of whitecollar workers.
Tilbagetrukne mænd på 75 år og derover fordelt efter stilling og vigtigste tilbagetrækningsårsag. 1977. pet.
Retired men aged 75 years or more, distributed by job and by vaos t ir-roo fy reason for retirement.
ufaglærte lærte privat ansatte faglærte lærte offentligt ansatte funktionærere selvstændige dårligt helbred nåede aldersgrænsen
Whitecollar Skilled Un- Private Public workers workers skilled sector sector workers employees employees
Som det fremgår af tabellerne 5.13. og 5.14. havde 51% af de in tervenerede trukket sig tilbage efter eget ønske, da de økono miske muligheder havde været til stede.
As may be appreciated from Tables 5.13 and 5.14, 51% of respondents retired of their own volition once the financial opportunity had been made available.
For de 8%'s vedkommen de havde derdesuden været tale om dårligt helbred og for yder ligere 8% indgik hensynet til de yngres beskæftigelsesmulighe der som en del af baggrunden for erhvervsophøret.
A further 8% had suffered from poor health, and yet a further 8% had included in their reasons for stopping work the need to provide young people with employment opportunities.
43% var af den ene eller den anden grund blevet tvunget til at holde op, de 25% som følge af dårligt helbred, ca. 14% på grund af en fast aldersgrænse, 3% havde været arbejdsløse og kun godt
For one reason or another 43% of respondents had been forced to stop work, of whom 25% as the result of poor health, 14% as the result of a fixed age limit, 3% having been unemployed, and only 1% having been encouraged to retire by their colleagues, employer or trade union.
En større andel af kvinderne end af mændene havde trukket sig tilbage ufrivilligt (46,4% mod 40,5%), hvilket beror på kvinder nes betydeligt større tendens til at holde op på grund af dår ligt helbred (31,7% af kvinderne mod 19,9% af mændene). Derimod var der forholdsvis flere mænd end kvinder, der måtte gå af som følge af en fast aldersgrænse (15,8% mod 10,6%).
A larger proportion of women than men had been forced to retire (46.4% as against 40.5%), which is attributable to the greater tendency amongst women to stop work because of ill health (31.7% of women, as against 19.9% of men).
Som det ses af tabel 5.15. havde mændene den største andel af ufrivilligt tilbagetrukne i gruppen med pensionsalderen 66-70 år (fortrinsvis på grund af en fast aldersgrænse), mens kvinder ne havde den største andel af ufrivilligt tilbagetrukne i grup pen, den var holdt op allerede mellem 56 og 60 år (fortrinsvis på grund af dårligt helbred).
As may be appreciated from Table 5.15., the largest proportion of men who had been obliged to retire against their will was in the group of pensioners aged between 66 and 70 years (principally because of a fixed age limit), whereas the largest proportion of women who had been obliged to retire against their will was in the group which had already stopped at an age of between 56 and 60 years (principally because of poor health).
Helbredets betydning som tilbagetrækningsårsag faldt betragte ligt jo højere pensionsalder, der var tale om.
The significance of health as a reason for retirement fell noticeably the higher the pensionable age.
Således tegnede et dårligt helbred (enten alene eller kombineret med eget øn ske) sig for omkring 40% af de mandlige tilbagetrækninger i al deren 56 til 6 0 år og for omkring 58% af de kvindelige tilbage-
Thus poor health (either alone or in combination with the employee's wish for retirement) accounted for about 40% of male retirements in the age range between 56 and 60 years, and for about 58% of female retirements in the same age group.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter væsentligste tilbage­trækningsårsag. n=479.
Pensioned wageearners distributed according to principal reasons for retirement, n = 479.
Pet.Λ Frekvens, η efter eget ønske, da der var økonomisk mulighed derfor
frequency n own wishes, since the financial opportunity had been provided
25,0 127 i fast aldersgrænse
V, n ψ' poor health
Î i_^ yngre i arbejde
// fixed age limit
8,0 40 i arbejdsløshed efter pres fra 77Ί kolleger/arbejdsgiver
13.6 own wishes, combined with poor health own wishes, in order to make room
Pensionerede lønmodtagere, fordelt efter væsentligste tilbage­trækningsårsag, samt efter køn. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to principal reasons for retirement and by sex.
Efter eget ønske, da der var økonomisk mulighed derfor
Own wishes, since the financial opportunity had been provided
Efter eget ønske, kombineret med dårligt helbred
Own wishes, combined with poor health
Efter eget ønske, og for at en mere kunne komme i arbejde
Own wishes, and in order to make a job vacant for someone else
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter væsentligste tilbage trækningsårsag, samt efter alder ved tilbagetrækningen, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to principal reasons for retirement and according to age on retirement; men and women shown separately (m = men; w = women).
¡•lellem 56 Mellem 61 Mellem 66 og 60 år og 65 år og 70 år
56 - 60 years
Eget ønske, da økonomisk mulighed m k
17.9 27.6 m w m w
Fast aldersgrænse m k
Fixed age limit
Andet m k
Other
Frivilligt % m k
Voluntary %
Ufrivilligt % m k
Involuntary %
Af tabel 5.16. ses det, at det er blandt funktionærer, man kan finde den største andel af personer, der havde trukket sig til bage alene efter eget ønske, da de økonomiske muligheder var til stede.
It is clear from Table 5.16 that the highest proportion of individuals who retired of their own volition is to be found amongst the whitecollar workers, since the financial possibility had been provided.
Dårligt helbred alene eller som medvirkende faktor optråd te hyppigst hos arbejderne, især for kvindernes vedkommende.
Poor health on its own or as a contributory factor was encountered most frequently amongst workers, in particular amongst female workers.
Af disse havde ca. 48% af de ufaglærte og faglærte under ét mod ca.
Of these, about 48% of unskilled and skilled workers together, as against about 17% of clerical whitecollar workers stated that poor health was the principal reason for stopping work.
17% af de underordnede funktionærer angivet et dårligt helbred som den væsentligste grund til arbejdsophøret.
Similarly, the number of men employed in the private sector who had stopped work because of ill health was comparatively higher than the number of men employed in the public sector (about 22%, as against 17%).
Pensionerede lønmodtagere, fordelt efter væsentligste tilbage trækningsårsag, samt efter stilling umiddelbart før tilbagetrækningen, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to principal reasons for retirement and according to job status immediately before retirement; men and women shown separately (m = men; w = women).
Dårligt helbred bred m k
'jr: m w
Eget ønske da m øk. mulighed k
6·» m w
Eget ønske m kombineret med
Own wishes, financially possible m w
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter væsentligste tilbagetrækningsårsag, samt efter om de havde været offentligt eller privat ansat, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to principal reasons for retirement, and according to whether they had been employed in the public or the private sector; men and women shown separately (m = men; w = women) Percentage values.
Offentligt Privat lalt n
Total n
Dårligt helbred m k
Poor health m w
Efter eget ønske og for at en yngre kunne få arbejde m k
Own wishes, combined with poor health m w
Fast aldersgrænse m k
Fixed age limit m w
Andet m k
Other m w
HOLDNINGER TIL OG INFORMATION VEDRØRENDE TILBAGETRÆKNINGEN
ATTITUDE TO WORK AND RETIREMENT
Det må forventes, at holdningen til det, at blive pensioneret, vil være afhængig af dels det arbejdsmæssige engagement og de vilkår, man arbejder under, og dels de forventninger, man har til den fremtidige pensionisttilværelse.
As may be expected, attitudes to retirement on a pension are dependent not only on a person's involvement in his work and the conditions under whicn he performs that work, but also on whether or not he is looking forward to his future life as a pensioner.
Man har i 1977 (SFI 105) spurgt erhvervsaktive mænd over 62 år om deres indstilling til tilbagetrækningen, dvs. om de glædede sig til at kunne holde op med at arbejde, eller om de ikke kunne lide tanken.
In 1977, a survey (SFI 105) was conducted amongst men aged 62 years and over into their attitude to retirement, i.e. in order to establish whether they were looking forward to being able to stop work, or whether they tounc1 the idea unattractive.
Kun omkring en femtedel så frem til tidspunktet, hvor de kunne trække sig tilbage, mens mere end halvdelen angav, at de ikke kunne lide tanken. Det var fortrinsvis blandt funk tionærer og ufaglærte, at man så frem til pensioneringen (hhv.
Only about one fifth were looking forward to tne time when they would be able to retire, whereas more than one half claimed that they did not like the idea at all.