natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
"Women, Work and må være af særlig interesse
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS
Mega (Forskningsleder på samle deres arbejdsliv og
The main conclusions of the Helsinki conference were: how are women faring?
Instituttet) deltog i, blev privatliv på et sted.
Articles in this newsletter show that much has already been achieved in this area.
arrangeret på initiativ af
typical work - does it have special
Europæiske kvindelige
implications for women?
• kvindelige arbejdstageres medindflydelse i eksperimenter med positive aktioner i firmaer, fagforeninger og andre organisationer.
Although these facts are not easy to interpret, the main point is obvious : fear occurs in shiftwork, is worse at night, is worse for women, and is worst in travelling to work.
Nye former for og erfaringer med løsning af problemer af interesse for kvinder, der måtte blive drøftet mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter, og som opstår i forbindelse med arbejdsmarkedsforhold og medindflydelse på arbejdspladsen interessante case-studier
- to select branches with typically high percentage of female staff and compare the opinions of female staff representatives to the opinions of male staff representatives
Technologies", samtidig med vedrørende distancearbejde i at en undersøgelse i fem EF-
Nightworking Women car may end up costing more than the extra earnings.
Instituttet anser medindflydelse for at være et vigtigt redskab til forbedring af livskvaliteten, især i arbejdslivet, og har udført et betydeligt stykke arbejde på dette område.
Demographic, economic, cultural and social trends, as well as the general relaxation of legal restrictions, have led to an increase in the opportunities for night work open to women.
Selv om dette arbejde ikke var specifikt målrettet på kønsaspektet, kom det alligevel frem, at kvinders medindflydelse i overenskomstforhandlinger og andre former for dialog mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter normalt er lille.
- to analyse further all questions in the questionnaires with a view to selecting those which have an identifiable women's dimension and look at the answers to these questions specifically to see if there are differences between branches, countries, ¡ob content, qualifications, etc.
Dette rejser spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt emner af afgørende betydning for kvinder (f.eks. lav løn, børnepasningsfaciliteter, afhængighed af sociale ydelser osv.) overhovedet berøres i dialogen mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter.
Some of the different working conditions obtaining to night work can have great appeal: more responsibility at work; greater freedom from supervisors; better atmosphere at work. But an important characteristic associated with nightwork is that of fear.
lande har givet et fingerpeg de mest interessante temaer om distancearbejdets fremtid.
The European Foundation tor the Improviement of Living and Working Conditions is an autonomous Community body.
drejede sig om såvel
Director: Clive Purkiss
De kvinder, der blev mulighederne for at
Initial inquiries about Foundation work should be made to the Information Section.
Instituttet har påtaget sig at sikre, at man i fremtidig forskning på dette område tager hensyn til: interviewet i Instituttets kombinere hjemmearbejde undersøgelse, var interesseret med børnepasning som i distancearbejde, fordi det distancearbejdernes betød uafhængighed og sårbarhed og usikkerhed. Det fleksibilitet, mindre pendling blev antydet, at og mulighed for at tilbringe distancearbejdernes isolation
NEWS FROM THE FOUNDATION is published bi-montly in the Community working languages.
• i hvor høj grad forskellige instanser eller persongrupper, der beskæftiger sig med arbejdsmarkedsforholdene, er sammensat med en under- eller overrepræsentation af kvinder og betydningen heraf for forbedringen i kvaliteten af arbejdslivet og kvinders deltagelse i visse centrale instanser og persongrupper, for eksempel ledelse og design.
Some of the reasons they avail of these opportunities reflect a lack of choice, such as no day work available or the type of work is only available at night. Other reasons reflect a positive choice, i.e. unusual free time during the day, higher earnings, more time for family and homework.
• i hvor høj grad kvinder har medindflydelse i de forskellige former for og processer i arbejdsmarkedsforhold og i dialogen mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter, i hvor høj grad emner af kunne formindskes gennem
Even the more positive reasons for working at night, however, can have negative aspects. Financial bonuses may have to be spent on buying a car to ensure safe commuting at night, and the
DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUT TIL FORBEDRING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE Arbejde udført som led i Det Løbende Program 1989 -1992
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS Work carried out in the 1989 -1992 rolling programme
OMRADER OG EMNER
ARKAS AND THEMES
Involvering af de mennesker, der berøres af Indførelsen af ny teknologi
Involving those concerned in the introduction of new technologies
Nye tendenser i arbejdsmarkedsforholdene
New trends in industrial relations
Glosar om beskæftigelse og arbejdsmarkedsforhold I Europa
European labour and industrial relations glossary
Glosar om beskæftigelse og arbejdsmarkedsforhold I Europa (1987)
European labour and industrial relations glossary (1987)
Bulletin vedrørende skifteholdsarbejde In Europa (BEST) (1987)
Bulletin of European shiftwork topics (BEST) (1987)
Net af arbejdstldseksperter (1986)
Network of working time experts (1986)
Forsikringssystemer og præventive foranstaltninger inden for sundhed og sikkerhed
Insurance systems and their preventive activities in the field of safety and health
Medarbejderorienteret indførelse af Industrirobotter (1988)
Human-oriented implementation of industrial robot systems (1988)
Hensynet til arbejdsvilkårene ved ledelsen af tekniske projekter(1988)
The consideration of working conditions in the management of technical projects (1988)
Rådgivning for de langtidsledige
Counselling the long-term unemployed
Social samhørighed og mobilitet i EF - et blik fremad (1988)
Social cohesion and mobility in the European Community - a forward look (1988)
Forbrugerorienteret indsats hos det offentlige (1988)
Consumer-oriented action in the public services (1988)
Konsekvenserne af Instituttets arbejde 1985-1990 for kvinder
Implications for women of the Foundation's work 1985-1990
Offentligheden og bioteknologi
The public and Biotechnology
Gennemgang af nye materialer, der har indflydelse på både arbejdsmiljøet og det ydre miljø
Review of new materials affecting both the working environment and the external environment
Handlingsprogram vedrørende arbejdsvilkår i EF
Working conditions action programme in the European Communities
Europæisk sommerkursus om forvaltning af menneskelige ressourcer og ny teknologi
European Summer School on human resource management and new technology
(*) Årstal i parentes angiver, hvornår arbejdet vedrørende dette brede emne blev indledt
(*) Date in brackets indicates the year in which the work on this broad theme was initiated
DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUT TIL FORBEDRING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT
ÆNDRINGER I ARBEJDSTIDEN I EUROPA ktiviteter i EF og på internationalt plan viser, at spørgsmålet
WORKING-TIME CHANGES ACROSS EUROPE ctivities at European and international level
»Ændringer i arbejdstiden
•Working-Time Changes
•Sommerkursus lovbestemte og kontraktmæssige begrænsninger i arbejdstiden*, har man holdt sig underrettet om ændringer på dette område gennem EF-netværket af eksperter i arbejdstid.
^Mjkarter for the contractual limitations to working-time*, the Foundation has kept abreast of changes in this area through its European Community Network of Working-Time Experts.
Netværket har nu samlet så meget materiale om igangværende ændringer og nye tendenser i arbejdstiden i de forskellige medlemsstater, at det har fremsat forslag om ajourføring af det tidligere arbejde.
The Network recently brought together enough evidence of ongoing changes and emerging trends in working-time in the different Member States (see pages 4-5) to suggest the need for an update of the earlier work.
om arbejdstid er meget "oppe i tiden".
•Health Conference, show that the subject of working-time is very much a "now" issue.
Det Europæiske Fællesskab er i gang med at få en række direktivforslag på dette område igennem.
The European Community is in the process of guiding through a number of draft directives in the area.
ILO har bebudet planer om at tage sine standarder vedrørende deltidsarbejde op til fornyet overvejelse.
The ILO has announced plans to review its standards on parttime work.
OECD har meddelt, at dens arbejdsgruppe om arbejdsmarkedsforhold er ved at undersøge spørgsmålet om fleksibilitet.
The OECD has stated that its Working Party on Industrial Relations is examining the area of flexibility.
i deltidsarbejde og andre atypiske former for arbejde, hvilket afspejles gennem ændringer i lovgivningen og overenskomsterne på dette område.
There has been a clear growth in parttime work and other atypical work forms which has been reflected by changes in legislation and collective agreements in this area.
Denne vækst har igen medført, at der nu er behov for at træffe beskyttelsesforanstaltninger for deltidsarbejdere.
This growth has led, in turn, to a need for protective measures for parttime workers.
Der er udtrykt frygt for, at deltidsarbejdere kan blive udsat for indirekte kønsdiskrimination, da flertallet af deltidsarbejdere i de fleste lande er kvinder.
Concern has been voiced about the potential for indirect gender discrimination of parttime workers, as in most countries the majority of them are women.
Dette fremgik af en relevant sag ved EF-domstolen, der var forelagt af Nederlandene.
This was highlighted by a relevant case in the European Court of Justice, emanating from the Netherlands.
I rapporterne omtaltes de almindelige tendenser, der var fælles for de fleste, om ikke alle, involverede lande.
Reports indicated some general trends which were common to most, if not all, the countries involved.
Siden Instituttet offentliggjorde sit store arbejde vedrørende
Since publishing its major work on legal and
Det Europæiske Institut møder Nordisk Ministerråd en 24.-25. april i år var der i København
The European Foundation meets the Nordic Council of Ministers o n the 24/25 of April this year a conference
Stadig flere og stadig mere omfattende nedskæringer i arbejdstiden har kunnet bemærkes i flere lande, hvor sådanne nedskæringer normalt finder sted efter overenskomstforhandlinger på forskellige planer.
Increasing and ongoing reductions in working-time have been noticeable in several countries, with such reductions usually negotiated through collective agreements at various levels.
Nedskæringerne kan dog variere fra sektor til sektor, og de har en tendens til at gå hånd i hånd med en stigning i åbningstiden eller maskindriftstiden.
Reductions, though, can vary from sector to sector and do tend to go hand in hand with an increase in business hours or machine operating time.
debat i disse lande. På den anden side har der i både Storbritannien og Tyskland været en stor debat, hvor arbejdsgiverne har kritiseret de foreslåede direktiver, både deres retsgrundlag og deres indhold.
Kingdom and Germany there has been considerable debate, with employers criticising the proposed directives both on their legal basis and in terms of their content.
For især Storbritannien kan nylige domsafsigelser fra EF-domstolen om indirekte diskrimination af kvindelige deltidsarbejdere få stor betydning.
For the United Kingdom in particular recent case law from the European Court of Justice, concerning indirect discrimination of women part-timers, may have considerable effect.
Der er brug for en ensartet terminologi i forbindelse med begreber som "atypiske former for arbejde" og "deltidsarbejde".
on European worker councils in January 1991 -but also because it was the result of close co-operation took place in Copenhagen on "Information and
Det kunne se ud, som om den fleksible fordeling af arbejdstiden er for opadgående, men denne fleksibilitet indgår normalt i overenskomstforhandlingerne, og indebærer måske byttehandler i form af nedsat arbejdstid.
A uniform terminology in relation to such concepts as "atypical work forms" and "part-time work " is needed.
Væksten i atypisk arbejde forbindes med denne fleksibilitet. I flere lande er det tydeligt, at
The Foundation has undertaken, in collaboration with the ILO and the OECD, to bring some clarity to the nomenclature, the results of which will be presented at the next meeting of the Network.
Instituttet vil fortsat berette om arbejdstidsspørgsmål i sin Bulletin vedrørende skifteholdsarbejde i Europa ("BEST")**, der skal gøres bredere og ændre titel til Bulletin vedrørende europæiske tidsstudier.
The Foundation will continue to report on working-time issues through its "Bulletin of European Shiftwork Topics" (BEST)** which will broaden its scope and become the "Bulletin of European Studies in Time".
Instituttet har i forbindelse med de seneste projekter indsamlet en hel del information om medindflydelse.
Flexible distribution of working-time would seem to be on the increase but this flexibility tends to be negotiated through collective agreements, perhaps involving trade-offs for reduction in working time.
Den viste pjece om medindflydelse ved omlægninger, ny teknologi og den rolle, medarbejdernes inddragelse spiller, er et sammendrag af resultaterne af Instituttets arbejde, som det blev forelagt for arbejdsmarkedets parter.
In several countries it is evident that collective bargaining, rather than legislation, acts as a focus for change in the working-time area and there have been several examples of working-time innovation, negotiated through collective agreements.
(Pjecen vil foreligge på alle EF-sprog i slutningen af 1991.)
There would also seem to be a tendency towards decentralization in relation to working-time bargaining.
Instituttet og Nordisk Ministerråd.
The Foundation has in its recent programmes of work gathered a range of information pertinent to the issue of participation.
**"BEST" er gratis og kan fås ved henvendelse til Instituttet.
** BEST is available free of charge from the Foundation.
Den udgives på engelsk, fransk og tysk.
It is published in English, French and German.
europæiske multinationale virksomheder".
There have been varying reactions to EC activities concerning working-time and atypical employment, particularly in relation to EC draft directives in these areas.
Konferencen var en særligt vigtig begivenhed for Instituttet, ikke blot på grund af emnet — EF-Kommissionen fremsatte forslag til et nyt direktiv om europæiske
Belgium, France, and Portugal will be, at most, only marginally affected by such directives and they have aroused little debate in these countries. On the other hand, in both the United
Der synes også at være en tendens til decentralisering i forbindelse med arbejdstidsforhandlinger.
Consultation in European Multinational Companies".
Belgien, Frankrig og Portugal bliver i værste fald kun berørt perifert af disse direktiver, der ikke har givet anledning til megen
The conference was a particularly important event for the Foundation not only for its subject matter -the European Commission proposed a new directive
De nordiske lande har vist en stigende interesse i Instituttets arbejde gennem deres diplomatiske repræsentanter på ambassaderne i Dublin og lennem deres
The Nordic countries have shown a growing interest in the work of the Foundation, through their diplomatic representatives
DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUT TIL FORBEDRING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE sammenslutninger, placeringspolitik osv.)
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS and so on). • Consultation is rare and negotiation is non-existent; • Outside these formal bodies, there exists a wide variety of other arrangements.
• Samråd finder sjældent sted, og forhandlinger finder aldrig sted repræsentation ved EF i Bruxelles.
In these cases the unions are attempting to formalise arrangements, often in the face of management resistance.
• Bortset fra disse formelle organer findes der mange forskellige andre ordninger.
A network for monitoring new participatory practices in the Community was established by the Foundation and a bulletin "P + " in the embassies in Dublin and through their Missions to the European Communities in Brussels.
I disse tilfælde forsøger fagforeningerne at formalisere ordningerne, ofte trods modstand fra ledelsen.
Last year, on the intiative of the Finnish Mission, a group of delegates from Finland, Norway and Sweden came to the Foundation to discuss the Foundation's work programmes.
rundbordskonferencer om medarbejderindflydelse og ny teknologi blev der på mødet i Irland givet en præsentation af erfaringerne i nordiske multinationale virksomheder af en norsk forsker, Gunnar Myrvang, Oslo.
In the Foundation's series of national round tables on worker participation and new technology, a presentation on the experience of Nordic multinational companies was made to the Irish meeting by a Norwegian researcher Gunnar Myrvang, (Oslo).
Instituttet har oprettet et netværk, der skal overvåge ny medindflydelsesprabis i EF, og der er udgivet en bulletin, '?+', hvorigennem den information, der er indsamlet af netværket, skal formidles.
the vehicle for disseminating information gathered by the network, was published.
Det første nummer omhandlede bl.a. almindelige fordele ved selvstændige arbejdsgrupper (Nederlandene) og medindflydelse i tværnationale virksomheder (Skandinavien).
The first issue dealt with such topics as All-round Benefits of Autonomous Work Groups (Netherlands) and Participation in Transnational Companies (Scandinavia).
Det andet nummer omhandler udelukkende kvalitetsledelse og medarbejderindflydelse.
The second issue is devoted to the one subject of Quality Management and Worker Participation.
P+ udgives på engelsk, fransk og tysk og fås gratis ved henvendelse til Instituttet.
P+ is published in English, French and German and is available free of charge on request from the Foundation.
• Informations-/ samrådsorganer findes foreløbig kun i relativt få multinationale virksomheder i Europa
findings of the research showed: • Information/consultation bodies at a European level are found so far in only a relatively small number of multinational companies;
Det var i hans periode som bestyrelsesformand, at Nordisk Ministerråd indbød Instituttet til at være medarrangør af en større konference om medarbejderindflydelse i multinationale virksomheder.
The conference participants comprised top level representatives of trade union and employer organizations at European, Nordic and national levels, representatives from the Community institutions and other international experts.
Efter fremlæggelse af undersøgelsesresultaterne fra Skandinavien og EF blev de delegerede præsenteret for tre casestudier: FIAT (EF), Scanspeed og ELCEM (Norden).
Following presentations of the research findings from Scandinavia and the European Community, the delegates heard three case studies: (FIAT (EC), Sea n speed and ELCEM (Nordic).
De blev alle set i både ledelsens og de ansattes perspektiv.
Each was presented from the perspectives of both management and workers.
Synspunkterne hos arbejdsmarkedets parter på EF-plan blev fremsat af Bernard Arnold (UNICE) og Jean Lapeyre (EFS).
The positions of the social partners at European level were presented by Bernard Arnold (UNICE) and Jean Lapayre (ETUC).
• Sådanne organer udbredes langsomt, men virksomhedsledelserne er tilsyneladende ganske tilfredse med dem, der hvor de findes
Such contacts were mainly facilitated by the Danish government's representative on the Foundation's Administrative Board, Mr. Niels Ole Andersen.
• De formelle organer ligner hinanden med hensyn til kompetence, repræsentation, procedurer og levetid
• Such bodies are spreading slowly, but managements appear quite satisfied with their operation where they exist; • The formal bodies share a set of key characteristics in relation to their competence, representation, procedure and duration; conference delegates as a basis for discussion.
Undersøgelsen blev udført af Michael Gold (London Management Centre, Polytechnic of Central London) og Mark Hall (Industrial Research Unit, Warwick Universitet), og den var baseret på interviews med repræsentanter for ledelse, fagforeninger og ansatte i følgende virksomheder: Airbus, Allianz, BSN, Bull, Co-operative Insurance Society, Ford, Gilette, IBC, Nestlé, Pechiney, Rhône-Poulenc, St. Gobain, Thomson, Unilever og Volkswagen.
The research was carried out by Michael Gold (London Management Centre, Polytechnic of Central London) and Mark Hall (Industrial Research Unit, University of Warwick) and was based on interviews with management, unions and employee representatives in the following companies: Airbus, Allianz, BSN, Bull, Co-operative Insurance Society, Ford, Gillette, IBC, Nestlé, Pechiney, Rhône-Poulenc, St. Gobain, Thomson, Unilever and Volkswagen.
• De fleste ordninger omfatter kun information, der typisk dækker virksomhedens strategi (erhvervelser,
• Most arrangements provide only information, typically covering corporate strategy (acquisitions, mergers, location policy
Som led i Instituttets bidrag blev der indgået kontrakt om undersøgelse af information til og samråd med arbejdstagerrepræsentanter i 15 europæiske multinationale virksomheder med henblik på at fremlægge resultaterne for konferencedeltagerne som et debatoplæg.
The Foundation is discussing co-operation with the Nordic Council in other fields, such as the industrial relations environment, new trends in human resources management, health and safety and so on, and looks forward to further developments.
Instituttet forhandler nu om et fremtidigt samarbejde med Nordisk Ministerråd på andre områder, f.eks. arbejdsmarkedsforhold, nye tendenser i forvaltning af menneskelige ressourecer, arbejdsmiljø osv., og man ser frem til dette.
As part of its contribution the Foundation commissioned an examination of the provision of information to, and consultation of, workers' representatives in fifteen European multinational companies, with a view to presenting the findings to the
ARBEJDSTID
WORKING-TIME
I MEDLEMSSTATERNE om deltidsarbejde.
legislation on parttime work.
Denne lov giver retlig beskyttelse til alle, der arbejder mere end otte timer om ugen.
This legislation extends statutory protection to anyone who works over a threshold of 8 hours per week.
Programmet for national genrejsning, en fællesaftale mellem regeringen og arbejdsmarkedets parter omtalte en drøftelse mellem parterne om arbejdstid.
The Programme for National Recovery, a joint agreement between Government and social partners, referred to a discussion between the partners on working-time.
Dette førte igen til en rammeaftale i 1989 om en nedskæring på en time i den ugentlige arbejdstid.
This in turn led to a Framework Agreement in 1989, which was a general agreement seeking a one hour reduction in weekly working-time.
Siden da er der indgået overenskomster om arbejdstidsnedskæringer uden lønnedgang.
Since then there have been collective agreements which have envisaged working-time reduction without loss of pay.
Der er også truffet en landsdækkende aftale, der tillader skifteholdsarbejde og natarbejde på betingelse af, at dette arbejde dækkes af overenskomster mellem fagforeninger og arbejdsgivere.
Many collective agreements now require parttime work to have a minimum of hours in order to include more workers in the social coverage network.
Den belgiske situation kan generelt beskrives som et forsøg på at opnå kontrolleret og aftalt fleksibilitet på arbejdstidsområdet.
They are also tending to prolong parental leave and career breaks, but, at present, this is not being taken up in large numbers by employees.
Mens der i FRANKRIG ikke er sket store lovændringer, har nye love strammet reglerne om midlertidigt arbejde op.
While FRANCE has seen little legislative change, new acts have tightened up on temporary work.
Natarbejde er i Frankrig forbudt for kvinder, men rent faktisk tillades undtagelser i vid udstrækning.
Night-work for women is prohibited in France but actually widespread exceptions are permitted.