natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Domstolen fastslog her, at den specielle kompetenceregel for kontraktforhold i®artikel®5, nr.®1), i®forordning nr.®44/2001 opfylder et formål om nærhed og er begrundet med tilstedeværelsen af et snævert tilknytningsled mellem kontrakten og den ret, som skal dømme i®sagen.
Therefore, the coexistence of several courts having jurisdiction is permitted, without any hierarchy being established between them.
I®tilfælde, hvor de omhandlede tjenesteydelser leveres på en ¯erhed af leveringssteder i®forskellige medlemsstater, er det således i®lyset af formålene om nærhed og forudsigelighed nødvendigt at nde frem til det sted, der sikrer det tætteste tilknytningsled mellem den omhandlede kontrakt og den kompetente ret, og navnlig stedet, hvor leveringen af hovedydelsen ifølge kontrakten nder sted.
The Court concluded that, where spouses each hold the nationality of the same two Member States, the regulation precludes the jurisdiction of the courts of one of those Member States from being rejected on the ground that the applicant does not put forward other links with that State.
Ved lufttransport af personer fra en medlemsstat til en anden, som foretages i®henhold til en aftale, der er indgået med et enkelt luftfartsselskab, er det efter sagsøgerens valg den ret, inden for hvis retskreds ¯yets afgangs- eller ankomststed bender sig, der er kompetent til at bedømme krav om kompensation baseret på transportaftalen og på forordning nr.®261/2004 om fælles bestemmelser om kompensation til luftfartspassagerer 44.
It continued by stating that the courts of the Member States of which the spouses hold the nationality have jurisdiction under that regulation and the spouses may seise the court of the Member State of their choice.
I®dom af 2. april 2009, Gambazzi(sag®C-394/07), udtalte Domstolen sig om begrebet »retsafgørelse« i®bestemmelserne om anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse i®Bruxelleskonventionen og om, i®hvilket omfang anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse kan nægtes med henvisning til, at der er sket en overtrædelse af grundlæggende retsprincipper i®den stat, som begæringen rettes til.
Second, in Case C-523/07 A (judgment of 2 April 2009), the Court interpreted, for the ¤rst time, the concept of ‘habitual residence’ of the child as a criterion for the jurisdiction of the courts in matters of parental responsibility.
For det første fastslog Domstolen, at en udeblivelsesdom eller -kendelse er »retsafgørelser«, eftersom de er afsagt under en civilretlig sag, der som udgangspunkt følger princippet om en kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling.
Since Regulation No 2201/2003 makes no express reference to the law of the Member States for the purpose of determining the meaning and scope of the notion of ‘habitual residence’, the Court held that it is an autonomous concept.
Bruxelleskonventionens artikel®25 henviser uden at sondre til enhver afgørelse tru©et af retter i®de kontraherende stater.
Having regard to the context and the objective of that regulation, the habitual residence corresponds to the place which reªects some degree of integration by the child in a social and family environment.
For at sådanne retsafgørelser er omfattet af konventionens anvendelsesområde, er det tilstrækkeligt, at der er tale om retsafgørelser, der, før der indgives begæring om anerkendelse eller fuldbyrdelse heraf, i®domsstaten er blevet tru©et eller har kunnet træ©es efter en kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling.
In particular the duration, regularity, conditions and reasons for the stay on the territory of a Member State and the family’s move to that State, the child’s nationality, the place and conditions of attendance at school, linguistic knowledge and the family and social relationships of the child in that State must be taken into consideration.
Domstolen præciserede, at den omstændighed, at retten havde tru©et afgørelse som om sagsøgte, der lovligt havde givet møde i®sagen, var udeblevet, ikke var tilstrækkelig til at anfægte, at afgørelsen kunne kvaliceres som en »retsafgørelse«.
The Court then noted that it is for the national court to determine the habitual residence of the child, taking account of all the circumstances speci¤c to each individual case. In addition, the Court explained the system of urgent or protective measures within the meaning of Article 20 of Regulation No 2201/2003.
Undtagelsen om grundlæggende retsprincipper kan anvendes, hvis det fremgår, at udelukkelsesforanstaltningen udgør et åbenbart og uforholdsmæssigt indgreb i®sagsøgtes ret til at blive hørt.
Once the protective measure has been taken, the national court is not required to transfer the case to the court of another Member State having jurisdiction.
Den forelæggende rets kontrol skal ikke blot vedrøre de betingelser, hvorunder de retsafgørelser, som begæres fuldbyrdet, er blevet tru©et, men også de betingelser, hvorunder påbudskendelserne er
However, if the protection of the best interests of the child so requires, the national court which declared that it did not have jurisdiction must inform the court of another Member State having jurisdiction that such a measure has been taken.
Udviklingen og arbejdet blevet tru©et, og navnlig de retsmidler, som sagsøgte har haft adgang til, og om sagsøgte har haft adgang til at blive hørt.
Proceedings in the Community legal order and thus to lay down the principle that they are to be interpreted autonomously.
Først skal Hadadi-sagen (dom af 16.7.2009, sag®C-168/08) nævnes.
The Court held that the service of notarial acts in the absence of legal proceedings falls within the scope of Regulation No 1348/2000.
I®denne sag®udtalte Domstolen sig om kriteriet vedrørende ægtefællernes statsborgerskab i®forbindelse med valg af værneting i®skilsmissesager. Det foreliggende tilfælde drejede sig om to ægtefæller, der begge havde dobbelt statsborgerskab, nemlig franskungarsk, og som hver især havde indgivet skilsmissebegæring i®et af disse to lande.
Given that the system for intra-Community service seeks to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, the judicial cooperation referred to in Article 65 EC and Regulation No 1348/2000 cannot be limited to legal proceedings alone.
Domstolen konstaterede indledningsvis, at forordning nr.®2201/2003 ikke opererer med en sondring afhængig af, om en person har statsborgerskab i®ét eller i®¯ere lande.
That cooperation may also manifest itself in the absence of legal proceedings if it has crossborder implications and is necessary for the proper functioning of the internal market.
Når ægtefællerne har statsborgerskab både i®den medlemsstat, hvori®den ret, hvorved sagen er anlagt, er beliggende, og i®en samme, anden medlemsstat, skal den ret, hvorved sagen er anlagt, tage i®betragtning, at ægtefællerne også har statsborgerskab i®den anden medlemsstat, og at sagen i®overensstemmelse med nævnte forordning kunne have været behørigt anlagt ved retterne i®denne anden medlemsstat.
The Court noted that the broad de¤nition of the concept of extrajudicial document is unlikely to place an excessive burden on the resources of the national courts since, ¤rst, the Member States may also designate as transmitting agencies and receiving agencies for the purpose of service bodies other than those courts and, second, the Member States may provide for the option of e¥ecting service directly by post to persons residing in another Member State.
Den samtidige eksistens af ¯ere kompetente retter er herefter tilladt, uden at der angives nogen rangorden mellem disse.
Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters
Efterfølgende fortolkede Domstolen i®A-sagen (dom af 2.4.2009, sag®C-523/07) for første gang begrebet »sædvanligt opholdssted« for et barn som kriterium for valg af værneting i®forældre-myndighedssager.
In Case C-123/08 Wolzenburg (judgment of 6 October 2009), the Court was asked to give a ruling on the issue of the compatibility with European Union law of national legislation providing for differential treatment of nationals of one Member State and those from other Member States in relation to the refusal to execute a European arrest warrant.
Da forordning nr.®2201/2003 ikke indeholder nogen udtrykkelig henvisning til medlemsstaternes ret med henblik på at fastlægge betydningen og rækkevidden af begrebet »sædvanligt opholdssted«, fastslog Domstolen, at der er tale om et selvstændigt begreb. Henset til denne forordnings kontekst og formål, svarer det sædvanlige opholdssted til det sted, som afspejler en vis familiemæssig og social tilknytning for barnet.
Contrary to the system in place for Netherlands nationals, the Netherlands legislation implementing Framework Decision 2002/584/JAI on the European arrest warrant (47) provides an exception to such execution for nationals of other Member States only if they have lawfully resided in the Netherlands for a continuous period of ¤ve years and they are in possession of a residence permit of inde¤nite duration.
Der skal bl.a. tages hensyn til opholdets varighed og lovlighed samt til vilkårene og baggrunden for opholdet på en medlemsstats område og for familiens ¯ytning hertil, til barnets statsborgerskab, stedet og vilkårene for barnets skolegang, dets sprogkundskaber samt barnets familiemæssige og sociale relationer i®denne stat.
The Court began by noting that the ¤rst paragraph of Article 12 EC is applicable since the Member States cannot, in the context of the implementation of a framework decision adopted on the basis of the EU Treaty, infringe Community law, in particular the provisions of the EC Treaty relating to the freedom accorded to every citizen of the Union to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States.
Herefter fremhævede Domstolen, at det tilkommer den forelæggende ret at fastlægge barnets sædvanlige opholdssted ud fra en helhedsvurdering af de særlige faktiske omstændigheder i®den konkrete sag.
The Court then stated that Article 4(6) of Framework Decision 2002/584 is to be interpreted as meaning that, where a citizen of the Union is at issue, the Member State of execution of the warrant cannot, in addition to a condition as to the duration, make application of the ground for non-execution of the warrant subject to supplementary administrative requirements, such as possession of a residence permit of inde¤nite duration.
Desuden anførte Domstolen nogle præciserende bemærkninger vedrørende ordningen for foreløbige og sikrende retsmidler i®artikel®20 i®forordning nr.®2201/2003.
Finally, the Court came to the conclusion that the principle of non-discrimination laid down in Article 12 EC does not preclude legislation of a Member State of execution under which the competent judicial authority of that State is to refuse to execute a European arrest warrant issued against one of its nationals with a view to the enforcement of a custodial sentence, whilst such a refusal is, in the case of a national of another Member State having a right of residence as a citizen of the Union, subject to the condition that that person has lawfully resided for a continuous period of ¤ve years in that Member State of execution.
En national ret kan træ©e sådanne retsmidler, hvis de skal anvendes på en uopsættelig situation, hvis de skal anvendes over for personer, der bender sig i®den pågældende medlemsstat, og hvis de er af foreløbig karakter. Iværksættelsen af disse retsmidler, der vedtages af hensyn til beskyttelse af barnets tarv, samt
The Court justi¤ed that solution by stating that that condition, ¤rst, aims to ensure that nationals of another Member State are suciently integrated in the Member State of execution and, second, does not go beyond what is necessary to attain that objective.
Rådets forordning (EF) nr.®2201/2003 af 27.11.2003 om kompetence og om anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse af retsafgørelser i®ægteskabssager og i®sager vedrørende forældreansvar og om ophævelse af forordning (EF) nr.®1347/2000 (EUT L®338, s.®1).
) Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JAI of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States (OJ 2002 L 190, p. 1).
Domstolen vurderingen af deres bindende karakter sker i®henhold til national ret.
B — Composition of the Court of Justice
I®Wolzenburg-sagen (dom af 6.10.2009, sag®C-123/08) blev Domstolen anmodet om at tage stilling til, hvorvidt en national lovgivning, i®henhold til hvilken nationale statsborgere og statsborgere fra andre medlemsstater behandles forskelligt for så vidt angår afslag på fuldbyrdelse af en europæisk arrestordre, er forenelig med EU-retten.
C. Toader, President of Chamber; E. Levits, President of Chamber; P. Mengozzi, First Advocate General; K. Lenaerts, President of Chamber; A. Tizzano, President of Chamber; V. Skouris, President of the Court; J. N. Cunha Rodrigues, President of Chamber; J.-C. Bonichot, President of Chamber; R. Silva de Lapuerta, President of Chamber; P. Lindh, President of Chamber; C. W. A. Timmermans, Judge.
Rådets rammeafgørelse 2002/584/RIA af 13.6.2002 om den europæiske arrestordre og om procedurerne for overgivelse mellem medlemsstaterne (EFT L®190, s.®1).
P. Cruz Villalón, Advocate General; M. Berger, Judge; M. Sa Æ an , Judge; A. Arabadjiev, Judge; T. von Danwitz, Judge; Y. Bot, Advocate General; E. Sharpston, Advocate General; J. Mazák, Advocate General; V. Trstenjak, Advocate General; J.-J. Kasel, Judge; D. Šváby, Judge; N.°Jääskinen, Advocate General; R. Grass, Registrar.
(Sammensætning efter rangfølge pr. 14.12.2009)
Members of the Court of Justice
Første række, fra venstre mod højre:
(in order of their entry into oce)
Afdelingsformændene C. Toader og E. Levits, førstegeneraladvokat P. Mengozzi, afdelingsformændene K. Lenaerts og A. Tizzano, Domstolens præsident, V. Skouris, afdelingsformændene J.N. Cunha Rodrigues, J.-C. Bonichot, R. Silva de Lapuerta og P. Lindh og dommer C.W.A. Timmermans.
Vassilios Skouris Born 1948; graduated in law from the Free University, Berlin (1970); awarded doctorate in constitutional and administrative law at Hamburg University (1973); Assistant Professor at Hamburg University (1972–77); Professor of Public Law at Bielefeld University (1978); Professor of Public Law at the University of Thessaloniki (1982); Minister of Internal A¥airs (in 1989 and 1996); Member of the Administrative Board of the University of Crete (1983–87); Director of the Centre for International and European Economic Law, Thessaloniki (1997–2005); President of the Greek Association for European Law (1992–94); Member of the Greek National Research Committee (1993–95); Member of the Higher Selection Board for Greek Civil Servants (1994–96); Member of the Academic Council of the Academy of European Law, Trier (from 1995); Member of the Administrative Board of the Greek National Judges’College (1995–96); Member of the Scienti¤c Committee of the Ministry of Foreign A¥airs (1997–99); President of the Greek Economic and Social Council in 1998; Judge at the Court of Justice since 8 June 1999; President of the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Afdelingsformændene L. Bay Larsen, U. Lõhmus, M. Ilešič, G. Arestis og P. Kūris, generaladvokat J. Kokott, dommerne A. Rosas, K. Schiemann, E. Juhász, A. Borg Barthet, J. Malenovský og A.®Ó®Caoimh.
Peter Jann Born 1935; Doctor of Law of the University of Vienna (1957); appointed Judge and assigned to the Federal Ministry of Justice (1961); Judge in press matters at the Straf-Bezirksgericht, Vienna (1963–66); spokesman of the Federal Ministry of Justice (1966–70) and subsequently appointed to the international a¥airs department of that ministry; Adviser to the Justice Committee and spokesman at the Parliament (1973–78); appointed as Member of the Constitutional Court (1978); permanent Judge-Rapporteur at that court until the end of 1994; Judge at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 to 6 October 2009.
Generaladvokat P. Cruz Villalón, dommerne M. Berger, M. Sa¹an, A. Arabadjiev og T. von Danwitz, generaladvokaterne Y. Bot; E. Sharpston, J. Mazák, V. Trstenjak, dommerne J.-J. Kasel, D. Šváby, generaladvokat N. Jääskinen og justitssekretær R. Grass.
Dámaso Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer Born 1949; Judge; Member of the Consejo General del Poder Judicial (General Council of the Judiciary); Professor; Head of the Private Of-¤ce of the President of the Consejo General del Poder Judicial; ad hoc Judge at the European Court of Human Rights; Judge at the Tribunal Supremo (Supreme Court) from 1996; Advocate General at the Court of Justice from 19 January 1995 to 12 November 2009, the date of his death.
(efter tiltrædelsestidspunkt)
Court of Justice
Vassilios Skouris Født ® i ® 1948; juridisk eksamen fra Det Frie Universitet®i®Berlin (1970); dr.jur.®i®forfatningsret og forvaltningsret ved Hamburgs universitet (1973); lektor ved Hamburgs universitet (1972-1977); professor®i®of-fentlig ret ved Bielefeld universitet (1978); professor®i®o©entlig ret ved Thessalonikis universitet (1982);®indenrigsminister (i®1989 og®i®1996); medlem af bestyrelsen for Kretas universitet (1983-1987); direktør for Center for®international Økonomisk og Europæisk Ret, Thessaloniki®(fra 1997-2005); formand for Græsk Selskab for Europæisk Ret (1992-1994); medlem af det græske Forskningsråd (1993-1995); medlem af Det Øverste Udvalg for Udvælgelse af Græske Tjenestemænd (1994-1996); medlem af Det Videnskabelige Råd ved Akademiet for Europæisk Ret®i®Trier (fra 1995); medlem af bestyrelsen for den græske nationale dommerskole (1995-1996); medlem af Udenrigsministeriets Videnskabelige Råd (1997-1998); formand for det græske økonomiske og sociale råd®i®1998; dommer ved Domstolen siden den 8. juni®1999; Domstolens præsident siden den 7. oktober 2003.
Allan Rosas Born 1948; Doctor of Laws (1977) of the University of Turku (Finland); Professor of Law at the University of Turku (1978–81) and at the Åbo Akademi University (Turku/Åbo) (1981–96); Director of the latter’s Institute for Human Rights (1985–95); various international and national academic positions of responsibility and memberships of learned societies; coordinated several international and national research projects and programmes, including in the ¤elds of EU law, international law, humanitarian and human rights law, constitutional law and comparative public administration; represented the Finnish Government as member of, or adviser to, Finnish delegations at various international conferences and meetings; expert functions in relation to Finnish legal life, including in governmental law commissions and committees of the Finnish Parliament, as well as the UN, Unesco, OSCE (CSCE) and the Council of Europe; from 1995 Principal Legal Adviser at the Legal Service of the European Commission, in charge of external relations; from March 2001, Deputy Director-General of the European Commission Legal Service; Judge at the Court of Justice since 17 January 2002.
Peter Jann Født ® i ® 1935; juridisk kandidateksamen ved Universität Wien (1957); udnævnt til dommer med tjeneste®i®forbundsjustitsministeriet (1961); pressedommer ved Straf-Bezirksgericht Wien (1963-1966); pressetalsmand ved forbundsjustitsministeriet (1966-1970), derefter tjene-ste®i®ministeriets®internationale afdeling; rådgiver for parlamentets retsudvalg og pressetalsmand®i®parlamentet (1973-1978); udnævnt til medlem af forfatningsdomstolen (1978); permanent refererende dommer ved denne domstol®indtil 1994; dommer ved Domstolen fra den 19.®januar 1995 til den 6. oktober 2009.
Rosario Silva de Lapuerta Born 1954; Bachelor of Laws (Universidad Complutense, Madrid); Abogado del Estado in Malaga; Abogado del Estado at the Legal Service of the Ministry of Transport, Tourism and Communication and, subsequently, at the Legal Service of the Ministry of Foreign A¥airs; Head Abogado del Estado of the State Legal Service for Cases before the Court of Justice of the European Communities and Deputy Direc-tor-General of the Community and International Legal Assistance Department (Ministry of Justice); Member of the Commission think-tank on the future of the Community judicial system; Head of the Spanish delegation in the ‘Friends of the Presidency’ Group with regard to the reform of the Community judicial system in the Treaty of Nice and of the Council ad hoc working party on the Court of Justice; Professor of Community law at the Diplomatic School, Madrid; Co-director of the journal Noticias de la Unión Europea; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Dámaso Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer Født ® i ® 1949; byretsdommer; dommer tilknyttet Consejo General del Poder Judicial (dommerstandens øverste faglige organ); professor; kabinetschef for præsidenten for Consejo General del Poder Judicial; ad hoc-dommer ved Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedsdomstol; dommer ved Tribunal Supremo fra 1996; generaladvokat ved Domstolen fra den 19. januar 1995 og®indtil sin død, den 12. november 2009.
Koen Lenaerts Born 1954; lic. iuris, PhD in Law (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Master of Laws, Master in Public Administration (Harvard University); Lecturer (1979–83), subsequently Professor of European Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (since 1983); Legal Secretary at the Court of Justice (1984–85); Professor at the College of Europe, Bruges (1984–89); Member of the Brussels Bar (1986–89); Visiting Professor at the Harvard Law School (1989); Judge at the Court of First Instance of the European Communities from 25 September 1989 to 6 October 2003; Judge at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.
Antonio Tizzano Født ® i ® 1940; professor®i®EU-ret ved universitetet La Sapienza®i®Rom; professor ved universiteterne »Istituto Orientale« (1969-1979) og »Federico ® iI« ® i ® Napoli ® (1979-1992), ved universitetet®i®Catania (1969-1977) og ved universitetet®i®Mogadishu (1967-1972); advokat med møderet for den®italienske kassationsret; juridisk konsulent ved Den®italien-ske Republiks Faste Repræsentation ved De Europæiske Fællesskaber (1984-1992); medlem af den®italienske delegation ved forhandlingerne om Kongeriget Spaniens og Den Portugisiske Republiks tiltrædelse af De Europæiske Fællesskaber, om den europæiske fælles akt og om traktaten om Den Europæiske Union; forfatter af mange publikationer, herunder kommentarer til de europæiske traktater og værker om Den Europæiske Union; grundlægger af og siden 1996 direktør for tidsskriftet »Il Diritto dell’Unione Europea«; medlem af bestyrelsen eller redaktionskomitéen for ¯ere juridiske tidsskrifter; rapportør ved mange®internationale kongresser; konferencer og kurser ved ¯ere®in-ternationale®institutioner, herunder ved Hague Academy of®interna-tional Law (1987); medlem af en uafhængig gruppe af eksperter, som blev udpeget til at undersøge Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskabers nanser (1999); generaladvokat ved Domstolen fra den 7.®oktober 2000®til den 3. maj 2006; dommer ved Domstolen siden den 4.®maj®2006.
Juliane KokottBorn 1957; Law studies (Universities of Bonn and Geneva); LLM (American University/Washington DC); Doctor of Laws (Heidelberg University, 1985; Harvard University, 1990); visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley (1991); Professor of German and foreign public law, international law and European law at the Universities of Augsburg (1992), Heidelberg (1993) and Düsseldorf (1994); deputy judge for the Federal Government at the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE); Deputy Chairperson of the Federal Government’s Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU, 1996); Professor of International Law, International Business Law and European Law at the University of St Gallen (1999); Director of the Institute for European and International Business Law at the University of St Gallen (2000); Deputy Director of the Master of Business Law programme at the University of St Gallen (2001); Advocate General at the Court of Justice since 7 October 2003.