natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
3 OM฀ET฀ G R U N D L � G GE N DE฀ SKRIDT฀ I฀ O P B Y G NINGEN฀ AF฀ ET฀ E U R O P� I S K ฀ RETLIGT฀ OM R � DE฀ BLEV฀ DET฀ ALLEREDE฀ I฀"RUXELLES KONVENTIONEN฀AF฀ ฀ OM฀RETTERNES฀KOMPETENCE฀OG฀OM฀ FULDBYRDELSE฀AF฀RETS A FG � R E L S ER฀ I฀ B O R GE R LIGE฀ SAGER฀ HERUNDER฀HANDELSSAGER฀ ฀ F A SffT S AT฀ AT฀ EN฀ RET฀ FOR฀ H VIL KEN฀ DER฀ IN D B R IN GE S ฀ EN฀ w F � L L EffS S K A B S i RETS TVIST฀ SKAL฀ U D S � T T E ฀ P� K E N D E L S EN฀ IN D TIL฀ DET฀ ER฀ F A SffT S L � ET฀ AT฀ S A G S � GT E ฀ HAR฀ H A FT ฀MULIG HED฀ FOR฀ AT฀ M O D TAGE฀ DET฀ IN D L E D E N DE฀ P R O C EffS S K R I FT ฀ I฀ S A GEN฀ I฀ S � ฀ G O D ฀ TID฀ AT฀ HAN฀ HAR฀ K U N NET฀ V A R E TAGE฀ S IN E ฀ IN T E R EffS S ER฀ UNDER฀ S A GEN฀ ELLER฀ AT฀ ALLE฀ H E R TIL฀ FOR N � D N E ฀ FORANSTALTNINGER฀ HAR฀ V � RET฀ TRUFFET฀ $ ET฀ BLEV฀ LIGELEDES฀ F A SffT S AT฀ AT฀ DET฀ E R ฀MULIG T ฀ AT฀ A FS L � ฀ ANERKENDELSE฀OG฀FULDBYRDELSE฀AF฀ EN฀ RETS A FG � RELSE฀ S � F R E M T ฀ DET฀ IN D L E D E N DE฀ P R O C EffS S K R I FT ฀ I฀ S A GEN฀ IKKE฀ FOR S K R I FT SffM �ffS S I GT ฀ ER฀BLEVET฀ FORKYN D T ฀ ELLER฀ MED D E L T ฀ DEN฀ U D EB L EV N E ฀ S A G S � GT E ฀ I฀ S � ฀ G O D ฀ TID฀ AT฀ HAN฀ HAR฀ K U N NET฀ V A R E TAGE฀ S IN E ฀ IN T E R EffS S ER฀ UNDER฀ S A GE N
( O W E V E R ฀ IF฀ H E ฀ IS฀ CERTAIN฀ THAT฀ REFUSAL฀ BY฀ THE฀ A D D RE S SEE฀ OF฀ U N TRANSLATED฀ DOCUMENTS฀ WOULD฀ BE฀ U N JU S T I l E D ฀ UNDER฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ H E ฀ WILL฀ BE฀ ABLE฀ TO฀AVOID฀ AT฀ NO฀ R I S K ฀ THE฀ EXTRA฀ COSTS฀ AND฀ D E LAYS฀ IN V O L V E D ฀ IN฀ HAVING฀ A฀ T R AN S LATION฀ M A D E
%N฀ FOR U D S � T NING฀ FOR฀ AT฀ F � ฀ DENNE฀ KONVENTION฀ TIL฀AT฀ FU N GERE฀ H E NffS I GT SffM �ffS S I GT ฀ VAR฀ DA฀ O G S �฀AT฀ SIKRE฀ RETTEN฀ TIL฀ FOR S VAR฀ SOM฀ER฀ EN฀ RETS G R U N D S � T NING฀ I฀ ALLE฀ $ ET฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ & � L L EffS S K A B S ฀ MED L E MffS SffT A T E R $ ER฀ BLEV฀ IMIDLERTID฀ I฀ P R A K S I S ฀ J� V N L I GT ฀ KON SffT A T E RET฀ U R E GE L M �ffS S IG H E DER฀ I฀ FORBINDELSE฀MED฀ FREMSENDELSEN฀ MELLEM฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNE฀ AF฀ RETSLIGE฀ DOKUMENTER฀ MED฀ HENBLIK฀ P� ฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ OG฀ I฀ BE G Y N DELSEN฀AF฀ E R N E ฀ BLEV฀ DER฀ INDLEDT฀ D R � FT E L S ER฀ P� ฀ DETTE฀ OM R � D E
)N฀ THE฀CASE฀OF฀ INTERNATIONAL฀ SERVICE฀OF฀ A฀ DOCUMENT฀ THE฀ NEED฀ TO฀ TRANSMIT฀ THE฀ DOCUMENT฀FROM฀ONE฀3TATE฀TO฀ANOTHER฀MEANS฀THERE฀IS฀SOMETIMES฀A฀CONSIDERABLE฀ TIME฀LAG฀BETWEEN฀ITS฀BEING฀HANDED฀IN฀TO฀THE฀COMPETENT฀AUTHORITY฀OF฀THE฀TRANS MITTING฀3TATE฀AND฀ACTUALLY฀BEING฀DELIVERED฀TO฀THE฀ADDRESSEE฀BY฀THE฀AUTHORITY฀OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀ A D D RE S S E D
0 � ฀ DET฀ TIDSPUNKT฀ BLEV฀ CIVILRETLIGE฀ DOKUMENTER฀ F R E MffS E N D T ฀ MELLEM฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNE฀ I฀ OVERENSSTEMMELSE฀MED฀EN฀ R � K K E ฀ KONVENTIONER฀ VE D TAGET฀ I฀ ( AA G ฀ NAVNLIG฀ KONVENTIONEN฀AF฀ ฀ N O VE MB ER฀ ฀ OM฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ I฀UDLANDET฀ AF฀ RETSLIGE฀OG฀ UDENRETSLIGE฀DOKUMENTER฀I฀SAGER฀OM฀CIVILE฀ELLER฀KOMMERCIELLE฀ S P� R G SffM � L ฀ SOM฀ET฀ m E R T A L ฀ AF฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNE฀ H A V DE฀ T I L T R � D T ฀ ELLER฀ I฀OVERENSSTEMMELSE฀MED฀ FORSKELLIGE฀ B I LA T E R A L E ฀ KONVENTIO N E R
4HIS฀RAISES฀THE฀PROBLEM฀OF฀DETERMINING฀THE฀DATE฀ON฀WHICH฀THE฀INTERNATIONAL฀ SERVICE฀ PRO D U C E S ฀ ITS฀ EFFECTS฀ � ฀ AS฀ REGARDS฀ FOR ฀EX A M P L E ฀ AN฀ IN T E R R UP TION฀OF฀ THE฀ PERIOD฀ OF฀ L I M I T A TION฀ OR฀ THE฀ PO IN T ฀ AT฀ WHICH฀ IN T E REST฀ BE C O M E S ฀ P A Y A B L E
$ ER฀ VAR฀ SffT O R E ฀ FORSKELLE฀ I฀ P R A K S I S ฀ FOR฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ AF฀ DOKUMENTER฀ IDET฀ DE฀ S E K S ฀ F R E M G AN G SffM � DER฀ DER฀ ER฀ F A SffT S AT฀ I฀(AAGERKONVENTIONEN฀ AF฀ ฀ BLEV฀ S UP P L E RET฀ AF฀ DEM฀ DER฀ ER฀ F A SffT S AT฀ I฀ DE฀ B I LA T E R A L E ฀ KONVENTIO N E R
4HE฀LAW฀IN฀SOME฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀STIPULATES฀THAT฀THE฀OPERATIVE฀DATE฀IS฀THE฀DATE฀ ON฀ WHICH฀ THE฀ DOCUMENT฀ IS฀ H AN D E D ฀ TO฀ THE฀ A D D RE S SEE฀ 4HIS฀ SYSTEM฀ IS฀ U N F A V O U R ABLE฀ TO฀ THE฀ APPLICANT฀ W H O ฀ HAS฀ NO฀ CON T R O L ฀ OVER฀ THE฀PROCESS฀OF฀ TRANSMISSION฀ AND฀ SERVICE฀ ABROAD฀ AND฀MAY฀ S U F F E R ฀ S I G N I l C AN T ฀ A D M INI S T R A TIVE฀ D E L A Y S
$ENNE฀ SITUATION฀ F � R T E ฀ U V � GE R L I GT ฀ TIL฀ USIKKERHED฀BLANDT฀ A K T� R E R N E ฀ INDEN฀ FOR฀ RETS V �ffS E NET฀ N � R ฀ DE฀ SKULLE฀ T R � F F E ฀ ET฀ V A LG ฀ B LA N D T ฀ DE฀ FORSKELLIGE฀ M U L IG H E DER฀ DE฀ H A V DE฀ TIL฀ R � D IG H E D
5NDER฀ OTHER฀ 3TATES฀ LAW฀ ONLY฀ THE฀ D A T E ฀ ON฀ WHICH฀ THE฀ FOR M AL I T I E S ฀ ARE฀ C O M P L E T E D ฀ IN฀ THE฀3TATE฀OF฀ TRANSMISSION฀ MATTERS฀ IN฀WHICH฀ CASE฀ IT฀ IS฀ THE฀ ADDRESSEE฀WHO฀ MIGHT฀BE฀PLACED฀IN฀A฀DIFlCULT฀POSITION฀AS฀PROCEEDINGS฀MAY฀BE฀BROUGHT฀AGAINST฀ H I M ฀ ABROAD฀ OR฀ A฀ TIME฀ LIMIT฀ WITHIN฀ WHICH฀ TO฀ APPEAL฀ MAY฀ BE G IN฀ TO฀ R U N ฀ WHEN฀ H E ฀ HAS฀ NOT฀ EVEN฀ BEEN฀ IN FOR M E D ฀ OR฀ IS฀ IN FOR M E D ฀ ONLY฀ VERY฀ L A T E ฀ IN฀ THE฀ D A Y
-ENS฀ VISSE฀ KONVENTIONER฀ � B N E D E ฀MULIG HED฀ FOR฀ DIREKTE฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ FRA฀ EN฀ RET฀ I฀ EN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀ TIL฀ EN฀ ANDEN฀ MEDLEMSSTAT฀ KUNNE฀ M AN ฀ DESUDEN฀ U N D E R TIDEN฀ KON SffT A T E R E ฀ AT฀DE฀ K OM P E T E N T E ฀ CENTRALE฀ MffY N DIGHEDER฀ IKKE฀ H A V DE฀ U DFO L DET฀ S E R I� S E ฀ BE SffT R � BE L S ER฀ P� ฀ AT฀ O P L Y S E ฀ DE฀ L O KAL E ฀ A K T� R ER฀ OM฀ N A V N ฀ OG฀ A D R EffS S E ฀ P� ฀ DERES฀ UDENLANDSKE฀ KON T A K T P E R SffO N E R
4HE฀REGULATION฀CONTAINS฀A฀SOLUTION฀TO฀SOME฀OF฀THE฀PROBLEMS฀RESULTING฀FROM฀THE฀ COEXISTENCE฀OF฀THESE฀TWO฀SYSTEMS฀AND฀ENDEAVOURS฀ TO฀PROTECT฀ THE฀ INTERESTS฀OF฀ BOTH฀ PARTIES฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀ @ THE฀ D A T E ฀ OF฀ SERVICE฀OF฀ A฀ DOCUMENT฀ x ฀ SHALL฀BE฀THE฀DATE฀ON฀WHICH฀IT฀IS฀SERVED฀IN฀ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀THE฀LAW฀OF฀THE฀-EM BER฀ 3TATE฀ ADDRESSED฀ AND฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀STIPULATES฀ THAT฀ @ WHERE฀ A฀ DOCUMENT฀ SHALL฀ BE฀ SERVED฀ WITHIN฀ A฀ PARTICULAR฀ PERIOD฀ IN฀ THE฀ CONTEXT฀ OF฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ TO฀BE฀ B R O U G H T ฀ OR฀ PENDING฀ IN฀ THE฀-EMBER฀3TATE฀OF฀ ORIGIN฀ THE฀ D A T E ฀ TO฀BE฀ TAKEN฀ INTO฀ ACCOUNT฀WITH฀RESPECT฀TO฀THE฀APPLICANT฀SHALL฀BE฀ THAT฀lXED฀BY฀THE฀ LAW฀OF฀ THAT฀-EMBER฀ 3 T A T E
CIVILRET DET EUROP̶ISKE RETLIGE SAMARBEJDE Forkyndelse af dokumenter
CIVIL LAW EUROPEAN JUDICIAL COOPERATION Service of documents
) ฀ VISSE฀ MEDLEMSSTATER฀ OMFATTEDE฀ DEN฀ INTERNE฀ ORGANISATION฀MED฀ HENBLIK฀ P� ฀ FREMSENDELSE฀AF฀DOKUMENTER฀TIL฀EN฀ANDEN฀MEDLEMSSTAT฀UNDERTIDEN฀OP฀TIL฀TRE฀ M E L L E M L IG GE N DE฀ L E D ฀ MELLEM฀ DEN฀ DER฀ H A V DE฀ AF F A T T ET฀ D O K U M E N T ET฀ OG฀ DET฀ M IN I SffT E R I U M ฀ DER฀ H A V DE฀ AN SVARET฀ FOR฀ AT฀ S E N DE฀ D O K U M E N T ET฀ TIL฀ U D LA N DET฀ % T ฀ S � D AN T ฀ S Y SffT E M ฀ AF F � D T E ฀ NATURLIGVIS฀ BE T Y D E LIGE฀ FOR S IN K E L S ER฀ S � L E D EffS ฀ AT฀ DER฀ KUNNE฀ G � ฀ mERE฀ � R ฀ FRA฀DET฀ TIDSPUNKT฀ HVOR฀ ET฀ DOKUMENT฀ BLEV฀ A FS E N D T ฀ TIL฀ DET฀ TIDSPUNKT฀ HVOR฀ SAMME฀ MffY N D IG HED฀ M O D T OG฀ EN฀ A T T EffS T ฀ SOM฀ BE VIS฀ FOR฀ AT฀ D O K U M E N T ET฀ VAR฀ A m E VE RET฀ TIL฀ A D R EffS S A T EN฀ SELV฀ OM฀ DER฀ U N D E R TIDEN฀ KUN฀ VAR฀ F � ฀ K I L OM E T E R S ฀ A FS T AN D ฀ MELLEM฀ DEN฀ RET฀ HVOR฀ S A GEN฀ VAR฀ ANLAGT฀ OG฀ H J E M STEDET฀ FOR฀ D O K U M E N T E TffS ฀ A D R EffS S A T
3OME฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ OP PO S E D ฀ THIS฀ SOLU TION฀ AS฀ THEY฀ CONSIDERED฀ THESE฀ PROVISIONS฀ IN A D E Q U A T E ฀ IN฀PARTICULAR฀ BE C A USE฀ THEY฀ DO฀ NOT฀ ENSURE฀ THAT฀ PROCEEDINGS฀ PENDING฀BEFORE฀THEIR฀COURTS฀WILL฀PROCEED฀NORMALLY฀WHERE฀SERVICE฀ABROAD฀IS฀TOO฀ S L O W ฀DE S P I T E ฀ THE฀ ENTRY฀ INTO฀ FOR C E ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION
$ ER฀ FORE K OM฀ DESUDEN฀ T I L F � L DE฀ HVOR฀ DOKUMENTER฀ BLEV฀ OVERSAT฀ I฀OVERENSSTEMMELSE฀MED฀ K R A V ENE฀ I฀DEN฀ STAT฀ SOM฀ BE G � R IN GEN฀ VAR฀ RET T ET฀ TIL฀ SELV฀ OM฀ A D R EffS S A T EN฀ H A V DE฀ A FS E N D E R STATENS฀ N A T I O N A L I T ET฀ ELLER฀ M EffS T R E DE฀ DENS฀ S P R OG฀ P E R F E K T ฀ $ ET฀ FORE K OM฀ IMIDLERTID฀ O G S �฀AT฀ DOKUMENTER฀ UDEN฀ O VE R S � T T E L S E ฀ BLEV฀ AF VIST฀ EFTER฀ AT฀ HAVE฀ P A S S E RET฀ SAMTLIGE฀ E T A P ER฀ EFTER฀ A FS E N D E L S EN฀ SELV฀ OM฀ M O D T A GEREN฀ FULDT฀ UD฀ VAR฀ I฀ SffT AN D ฀ TIL฀AT฀ L �ffS E ฀ DEM฀ MED฀ DEN฀ BEGRUNDELSE฀ AT฀ K R A V ENE฀ I฀DEN฀ STAT฀ SOM฀ BE G � R IN GEN฀ VAR฀ RET T ET฀ TIL฀ IKKE฀ VAR฀ BLEVET฀ O VE R H O L D T
4HE฀ CONVENTION฀ ADOPTED฀ IN฀ ฀ PROVIDED฀ THAT฀ THE฀-EMBER฀3TATES฀ COULD฀ SIMPLY฀ S TATE฀ THAT฀ THEY฀ WOULD฀ NOT฀ APPLY฀ THESE฀ PROVISIONS฀ 4HE฀ REGULATION฀ IS฀ M O RE ฀ RE S T R I C TIVE฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ A ฀DE R O G A TION฀ IS฀ ALLOWED฀ FOR฀ A฀ PERIOD฀ OF฀ l V E ฀ Y E A R S ฀ WHICH฀MAY฀ BE฀ RE N E W E D ฀ 3TATES฀ W I S H ING฀ TO฀ AVAIL฀ THEMSELVES฀OF฀ THAT฀ D E R O G A TION฀ MUST฀ C I T E ฀ APPROPRIATE฀ REASONS฀ AND฀ IF฀ THEY฀ W AN T ฀ A฀ RE N E W AL ฀OF฀THE฀ D E R O G A TION฀ E XfiP L A IN฀ THE฀ CIRCUMSTANCES฀ JU S T IF Y ING฀ THEIR฀ PO S I T I O N
%NDELIG฀ MED F � R T E ฀ SELV฀ DEN฀ M IN D SffT E ฀ FOR M E L L E ฀ U OVERENSSTEM M E L S E ฀ I฀ P R O C E D U R EN฀ FOR฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ AF฀ DOKUMENTER฀ AT฀ DOKUMENTER฀ BLEV฀ R E TUR N E RET฀ TIL฀ DEN฀ FREMSENDENDE฀ MffY N D IG HED฀ SELV฀ OM฀EN฀ ANMODNING฀ OM฀ BE R I GT I GE L S E ฀ ELLER฀ OM฀ YDERLIGERE฀ OPLYSNINGER฀ VILLE฀ HAVE฀ V � RET฀ T I L SffT R � K K E L IG ฀ TIL฀AT฀ FORKYN D E L S EN฀ STRAKS฀ KUNNE฀ l N DE฀ SffT E D ฀ $E฀ FORSKELLIGE฀ LA N D EffS ฀ K OM P E T E N T E ฀ L O KAL E ฀ MffY N DIGHEDER฀ H A V DE฀ IMIDLERTID฀ IKKE฀ F � ET฀ SffT I L LET฀ M I D LER฀ TIL฀ R � D IG HED฀ D E R ฀MULIG G JO R DE฀ DIREKTE฀ K OM M U N I K A T I O N
4HESE฀ PROVISIONS฀ C L E A R L Y ฀ L E A V E ฀ 3TATES฀ THAT฀ DO฀ NOT฀ W I S H ฀ TO฀ APPLY฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ SOME฀ R O O M ฀ FOR฀ M AN O E U V RE ฀ BUT฀ IN฀ SO฀ FAR฀ AS฀ THEY฀ REQUIRE฀ THEM฀ TO฀ JU S T IF Y ฀ THEIR฀ REFUSAL฀ TO฀ APPLY฀ RULES฀ IMPLEMENTED฀ IN฀ OTHER฀-EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ THEY฀ ENCOURAGE฀ THEM฀ TO฀ RE CON S I D E R ฀ THEIR฀ PO S I T I O N
& ORANLEDIGET฀ AF฀ DISSE฀ VANSKELIGHEDER฀ BESLUTTEDE฀ JUSTITSMINISTRENE฀ P� ฀ 2 � D E TffS ฀ S A M LING฀ I฀ O K T O B ER฀ ฀ AT฀ GIVE฀ EN฀ A R BE J D S G R UP P E ฀ M AN D AT฀ TIL฀AT฀ U DFO R M E ฀ ET฀ IN SffT R U M E N T ฀ MED฀ HENBLIK฀ P� ฀ AT฀ FOR BE D R E ฀ PROCEDURERNE฀ FOR฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ AF฀ DOKUMENTER฀ MELLEM฀ MED L E MffS SffT A T E R N E
4HE฀ A I M ฀ AS฀ SET฀ OUT฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ IS฀ FOR฀ SERVICE฀ TO฀BE฀ EFFEC T E D ฀ WITHIN฀ A฀ MAXIMUM฀ OF฀ ONE฀ M O N T H ฀OF฀THE฀ D A T E ฀ OF฀ RECEIPT฀ OF฀ THE฀ ACT฀ BY฀ THE฀ RECEIVING฀ A G E NCY
$ET฀NEDERLANDSKE฀FORMANDSKAB฀FORELAGDE฀KORT฀TID฀EFTER฀ET฀UDKAST฀TIL฀TILPASNING฀ AF฀ ARTIKEL฀ )6 ฀ I฀ PROTOKOL LEN฀ DER฀ ER฀KNYTTET฀ SOM฀ BILAG฀ TIL฀ "RUXELLES KONVENTIONEN฀AF฀ ฀ H V O R I฀DET฀ NAVNLIG฀ F A SffT S � T T EffS ฀ AT฀ DOKUMENTER฀ KAN฀ FREMSENDES฀ OG฀ M O D TAGES฀ DIREKTE฀ AF฀ DE฀ P� G � L D E N DE฀ STATERS฀ OFFENTLIGT฀ G O D K E N D T E ฀ P E R SffO N ER฀ MED M IN D R E ฀ M O D T A GE R SffT A T EN฀ M O D S � T T ER฀ SIG฀ D E T T E
( O W E V E R ฀DE LAYS฀ MAY฀ O C C U R ฀ NOT฀ BE C A USE฀ INFORMATION฀ RE G A R D ING฀ THE฀ A D DRESSEES฀ A D D RE S S ฀ IS฀ L A C K ING฀ SINCE฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ STATES฀ THAT฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ DOES฀ NOT฀ APPLY฀ IN฀ SUCH฀ CASES฀ BUT฀ FOR฀ IN S T ANCE฀ BE C A USE฀ THE฀ A D D RE S SEE฀ IS฀ M O M E N T A R I L Y ฀ ABSENT฀ OR฀ CERTAIN฀ DOCUMENTS฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ L O S T
$ ET฀ N E D E R LANDSKE฀ UDKAST฀ LA G DE฀ NAVNLIG฀ O P ฀ TIL฀AT฀ DER฀ SKULLE฀ U D A R BE J D EffS ฀ EN฀ LISTE฀ OVER฀ E M BE D SffM � N D ฀ OG฀ � V R I GE ฀ MffY N DIGHEDER฀ MED฀ B EF� J E L S E ฀ TIL฀AT฀ F R E MffS E N D E ฀OG฀MOD TAGE฀ D O K U M E N T E R
4HE฀REGULATION฀THEREFORE฀CONTAINS฀PROVISIONS฀INTENDED฀TO฀PROTECT฀A฀DEFENDANT฀ UPON฀ W H O M ฀ IT฀ HAS฀ NOT฀ BEEN฀ POSSIBLE฀ TO฀ SERVE฀ A฀ S U M M O N S ฀ TO฀ A P P E A R ฀ IN฀ COURT฀ OR฀ AGAINST฀ W H O M ฀ A฀ JUDGMENT฀ HAS฀ BEEN฀ GIVEN฀ WITHOUT฀ HIS฀ K N O W L E DG E ฀ 4HESE฀ PROVISIONS฀ WERE฀ TAKEN฀ FROM฀ THE฀ ฀ (AGUE฀#ONVENTION฀ WITH฀ THE฀ NECESSARY฀ A D JU S T M E N T S
$ ET฀ FRANSKE฀ FOR M AN D S K A B ฀ FORE LA G DE฀ ENDELIG฀ I฀ BE G Y N DELSEN฀AF฀ ฀ ET฀ UDKAST฀ TIL฀ KONVENTION฀ DER฀ FULGTE฀ lRE฀ H O VE D S P O R ฀ DIREKTE฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ AF฀ DOKUMENTER฀ MELLEM฀MEDLEMSSTATERNES฀MYNDIGHEDER฀MED฀KOMPETENCE฀TIL฀DELS฀AT฀MODTAGE฀
!RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THEREFORE฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀ JUDGMENT฀ SHALL฀ NOT฀ BE฀ GIVEN฀IF฀IT฀HAS฀NOT฀BEEN฀ESTABLISHED฀THAT฀THE฀SUMMONS฀HAS฀BEEN฀SERVED฀ON฀THE฀ DEFENDANT฀ IN฀ ACCORDANCE฀WITH฀ THE฀ LAW฀ON฀ SERVICE฀OF฀DOCUMENTS฀ WITHIN฀ THE฀
DEM฀ FRA฀ R E K V I R E N T EN฀ DELS฀ AT฀ A m E VE R E ฀ DEM฀ TIL฀ A D R EffS S A T E N � ฀ IN D F � RELSE฀ AF฀ EN฀ S A M LET฀ F R I SffT ฀ FOR฀ I V � R K S � T T E L S E ฀ AF฀ P R O C E D U R EN฀ FOR฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ OG฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ AF฀ D O K U MENTER�฀ADGANG฀TIL฀MODERNE฀FREMSENDELSESMIDLER�฀EN฀mEKSIBEL฀OG฀PRAGMATISK฀ L �ffS NING฀ MED฀ HENSYN฀ TIL฀ O VE R S � T T E L S E
3TATE฀ ADDRESSED฀ OR฀ U S ING฀ ANOTHER฀ M E T H O D ฀ LAID฀DOWN฀ BY฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ MAY฀ H O W E V E R ฀ S TATE฀ THAT฀ THEIR฀ JUDG E S ฀ MAY฀ GIVE฀ JUDGMENT฀ UPON฀ E XfiP I R Y ฀ OF฀ A฀ M INI M U M ฀ PERIOD฀ OF฀ S I X ฀ M O N T H S ฀ IF฀ THE฀ DOCUMENT฀ WAS฀ TRANSMITTED฀ IN฀ ACCORDANCE฀ WITH฀THE฀REGULATION฀AND฀IF฀NO฀CERTIlCATE฀HAS฀BEEN฀RECEIVED฀DESPITE฀EFFORTS฀MADE฀TO฀ O BT A IN฀ IT฀ THROUGH฀ THE฀COMPETENT฀ AUTHORITIES฀ OF฀ THE฀3TATE฀ A D D RE S S E D
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)N฀ THIS฀ CONTEXT฀ IT฀ SHOULD฀BE฀ PO IN T E D ฀ OUT฀ THAT฀ THE฀ RECEIVING฀AGENCY฀ MUST฀ I M MEDIATELY฀INFORM฀THE฀TRANSMITTING฀AGENCY฀OF฀THE฀RECEIPT฀OF฀A฀DOCUMENT฀AND฀ THEN฀ OF฀ ANY฀ PROBLEMS฀ A R I S ING฀ WITH฀ IT฀ OR฀ OF฀ THE฀ FACT฀ THAT฀ IT฀ IS฀ TO฀BE฀ FOR W A R D E D ฀ TO฀ ANOTHER฀ AGENCY฀ AND฀ L A S T L Y ฀ WITHIN฀ ONE฀ M O N T H ฀ AT฀ THE฀ L A T E S T ฀ OF฀ ANY฀ REASONS฀ WHICH฀ PREVENTED฀ IT฀ FROM฀ EFFECTING฀ SERVICE฀ )N฀ NO฀ CIRCUMSTANCES฀ THEREFORE฀ SHOULD฀A฀TRANSMITTING฀AGENCY฀BE฀LEFT฀WITHOUT฀NEWS฀OF฀A฀DOCUMENT฀SENT฀TO฀A฀ RECEIVING฀AGENCY฀ ! L SO฀ A฀ TRANSMITTING฀ AGENCY฀ MAY฀ AL W A Y S ฀ A P PROACH฀ THE฀ CENTRAL฀ BO D Y ฀ PROVIDED฀ FOR฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ WHICH฀ IS฀ RESPONSIBLE฀ FOR฀ S E E K ING฀ SOLUTIONS฀ TO฀ ANY฀ D IF l C U L T I E S ฀ WHICH฀MAY฀ ARISE฀ )N฀ T H E O R Y ฀ THEN฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ SHOULD฀BE฀ F O U N D ฀ TO฀ APPLY฀ ONLY฀ IN฀ VERY฀ R ARE฀ CASE S
0 ฀ + O N VE N T I O N ฀ U D A R BE J DET฀ P� ฀ GRUNDLAG฀ AF฀ ARTIKEL฀ + ฀ I฀ TRAKTATEN฀ OM฀ $EN฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ 5 N I O N ฀ OM฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ I฀ $EN฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ 5NIONS฀MEDLEMSSTATER฀AF฀RETSLIGE฀ OG฀UDENRETSLIGE฀DOKUMENTER฀I฀CIVILE฀ ELLER฀ K OM M E R C I E L L E ฀ AN L IG GE N DER฀ % & 4 ฀ # ฀ ฀ AF฀ ฀ S ฀ 1 ฀ 0 R O T O K O L ฀ U D A R BE J DET฀ P� ฀ GRUNDLAG฀ AF฀ ARTIKEL฀ + ฀ I฀ TRAKTATEN฀ OM฀ $EN฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ 5 N I O N ฀ OM฀ FORTOLKNING฀ VED฀ $E฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ & � L L EffS S K A BE R S ฀ $ OM SffT O L ฀ AF฀KONVENTIONEN฀OM฀FORKYNDELSE฀I฀ $EN฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ 5NIONS฀MEDLEMSSTATER฀AF฀RETSLIGE฀ OG฀ UDENRETSLIGE฀DOKUMENTER฀I฀SAGER฀OM฀CIVILE฀ELLER฀KOMMERCIELLE฀ S P� R G SffM � L ฀ % & 4 ฀ # ฀ ฀ AF฀ ฀ S ฀ 2 ฀ & ORKLARENDE฀RAPPORT฀OM฀ !MSTERDAM TRAKTATEN฀ HVOR฀ DET฀ I฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ H E D DER฀ AT฀ DER฀ SKAL฀ SKE฀ EN฀ FOR BE D RING฀ OG฀ FORENKLING฀ AF฀ ORDNINGEN฀ FOR฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ AF฀ RETSLIGE฀OG฀UDENRETSLIGE฀ DOKUMENTER฀ P� ฀ T V � R S ฀ AF฀ G R � NffS E R N E ฀ T R � D T E ฀ IMIDLERTID฀ I฀ KRAFT฀ INDEN฀ MEDLEMSSTATERNES฀ R A T I l KATION฀ AF฀ KONVENTIONEN฀OG฀ DEN฀ T I L H � RENDE฀ PROTOKOL฀ + O R T ฀ TID฀ EFTER฀ FORE LA G DE฀ +OMMISSIONEN฀ DERFOR฀ I฀HENHOLD฀TIL฀ TRAKTATENS฀ ARTIKEL฀ ฀ ET฀ UDKAST฀ TIL฀ 2 � D E TffS ฀ DIREKTIV฀ OM฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ I฀ $EN฀ %ffU R O P� I SKE฀ 5NIONS฀MEDLEMSSTATER฀AF฀RETSLIGE฀ OG฀UDENRETSLIGE฀DOKUMENTER฀I฀CIVILE฀ OG฀KOMMERCIELLE฀ SAGER฀ DER฀ MED฀ DE฀ N � D VENDIGE฀ T I L P A S NING ER฀ GE N GIVER฀ KONVENTIONENS฀ IN D H O L D
!RTICLE฀ ฀ ALSO฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀ THE฀ JUDG E ฀ MAY฀ RE L I E V E ฀ A฀ DEFENDANT฀ A C TING฀ IN฀ G O O D ฀ F A I T H ฀ W H O ฀ HAS฀ DIS CLOSED฀ A฀ P R I M A฀ F A C I E ฀ D EF E N C E ฀ TO฀ THE฀ ACTION฀ ON฀ THE฀ M E R ITS฀ FROM฀ THE฀ EFFECTS฀ OF฀ THE฀ E XfiP I R Y ฀OF฀THE฀ TIME฀ FOR฀ APPEAL฀ FROM฀ THE฀ JUDGMENT฀ )N฀ THE฀ INTERESTS฀OF฀ LEGAL฀ C E R T A IN T Y ฀ IN฀ORDER฀ TO฀AVOID฀ JUDGMENTS฀ BEING฀ C H AL L E N G E D ฀ BE L A T E D L Y ฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ ALSO฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀-EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ MAY฀ DECLARE฀ THE฀ A P P L I C A TION฀FOR฀RELIEF฀INADMISSIBLE฀AFTER฀EXPIRY฀OF฀A฀PERIOD฀OF฀NOT฀LESS฀THAN฀ONE฀YEAR฀ FOLLOWING฀ THE฀ D A T E ฀OF฀THE฀ JUDG M E N T
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, A S T L Y ฀ LIKE฀ THE฀ ฀ (AGUE฀#ONVENTION฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ STATES฀ THAT฀ THE฀ PRO V I SIONS฀ON฀RELIEF฀FROM฀THE฀EFFECTS฀OF฀EXPIRY฀OF฀THE฀TIME฀FOR฀APPEAL฀DO฀NOT฀APPLY฀IN฀ CASES฀ CONCERNING฀ STATUS฀ OR฀ C A P A C I T Y ฀ OF฀ PER S O N S ฀ )T฀ DI D ฀ NOT฀ S E EM ฀ RE A S O N ABLE฀ THAT฀ DI V O R C E ฀ JUDGMENTS฀ WHICH฀ M I G H T ฀ HAVE฀ BEEN฀ FOLLOWED฀BY฀ R EM A R RIAGE฀ FOR ฀EX A M P L E ฀ COULD฀ BE฀ C AL L E D ฀ INTO฀ QUESTION฀ BE C A USE฀ OF฀ THE฀ F A I L U RE ฀OF฀THE฀ DEFENDANT฀ TO฀ A P P E A R
I. Beskyttelse af parternes rettigheder
! ฀ � ฀ 3 P E E D ฀ OF฀ T R AN S M I S S I O N
, I GE SOM฀DET฀ ER฀ V I GT I GT ฀ AT฀ FORKYNDELSE฀ OG฀ D E R MED฀ FREMSENDELSE฀ AF฀ DOKUMENTER฀ N � R ฀ PARTERNE฀ ER฀ B O S AT฀ I฀ FORSKELLIGE฀ MEDLEMSSTATER฀ SKER฀ H U R T IG SffT ฀MULIG T ฀ ER฀ DET฀ V �ffS E N T L I GT ฀ AT฀ A D R EffS S A T EN฀ UDEN฀ VANSKELIGHEDER฀ KAN฀ FOR SffT� ฀ DET฀ F R E MffS E N D T E ฀ DOKUMENT฀ %N฀ O VE R S � T T E L S E ฀ AF฀ DISSE฀ DOKUMENTER฀ SOM฀ALTID฀ ER฀ BEKOSTELIG฀ OG฀ KAN฀ FOR S IN K E ฀ P R O C E D U R EN฀ ER฀ IMIDLERTID฀ IKKE฀ N � D VE N D IG ฀ I฀ ALLE฀ T I L F � L D E
/ N E ฀ OF฀ THE฀MAIN฀ P L AN K S ฀OF฀THE฀ NEW฀ ACT฀ A P P E A R S ฀ IN฀!RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ 4HIS฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀ EACH฀-EMBER฀ 3TATE฀ IS฀ TO฀ DESIGNATE฀ THE฀ PUBLIC฀ OF l C E R S ฀ AU THORITIES฀OR฀OTHER฀PERSONS฀COMPETENT฀FOR฀THE฀RECEIPT฀OF฀JUDICIAL฀OR฀EXTRAJUDICIAL฀ DOCUMENTS฀ FROM฀ANOTHER฀ -EMBER฀3TATE฀ OR฀ FOR฀ THEIR฀ TRANSMISSION฀ ( O W E V E R ฀ -EMBER฀3TATES฀REMAIN฀FREE฀TO฀ENTRUST฀THE฀TASKS฀OF฀THESE฀TRANSMITTING฀OR฀RECEIV ING฀ @ A G E N C I E S ฀ TO฀ CENTRAL฀ AUTHORITIES฀ FOR฀ A฀ PERIOD฀ OF฀ l V E ฀ Y E A R S ฀ WHICH฀MAY฀ BE฀ RE N E W E D ฀ 3OME฀ OF฀ THEM฀ WERE฀ IN฀ FACT฀ U N ABLE฀ TO฀ A D OP T ฀ THE฀ NECESSARY฀ MEASURES฀ FOR฀ THE฀ INTENDED฀ D E C E N T R AL I S A TION฀ I M M E DI A T E L Y
.� R ฀ EN฀ A D R EffS S AT฀ F E K S ฀ I฀DET฀ LAND฀ HVOR฀ HAN฀ ER฀ B O S AT฀ F � R ฀ FORKYN D T ฀ ET฀ DOKUMENT฀ DER฀ ER฀ A FS E N D T ฀ FRA฀ HANS฀ O P R IN D E L S EffS STAT฀ ER฀ O VE R S � T T E L S E ฀ SELV S A GT ฀ O VE R m � D IG ฀ $ ET฀ SAMME฀ G � R ฀ SIG฀ G � L D E N DE฀ N � R ฀ DER฀ ER฀ TALE฀OM฀ EN฀ TVIST฀ MELLEM฀ TO฀ S E L S K A B ER฀DER฀ I฀ FORRET NING S S A M M E N H � N G ฀ ER฀ V AN T ฀ TIL฀AT฀ K OM M U N I K E R E ฀ P� ฀ SAMME฀ S P R OG฀ SOM฀ DEN฀ RET฀ HVOR฀ S A GEN฀ ER฀ AN LA GT
4HE฀DECENTRALISATION฀ADVOCATED฀BY฀THIS฀ARTICLE฀IS฀INTENDED฀TO฀AVOID฀HAVING฀A฀ SUCCESSION฀OF฀STEPS฀TO฀BE฀COMPLETED฀WITHIN฀A฀PARTICULAR฀3TATE฀FOR฀DOCUMENTS฀ C O M ING฀ FROM฀ ABROAD฀ OR฀ TO฀BE฀ S ENT฀ ABROAD฀ FOR฀ THE฀ P U R PO S E ฀ OF฀ S E R V I C E
& ORORDNINGEN฀ INDEHOLDER฀ DERIMOD฀ EN฀ m E K S I BE L ฀ L �ffS NING฀ DER฀ LADER฀ DET฀ V � R E ฀ O P ฀ TIL฀ R E K V I R E N T EN฀ OM฀DE฀ DOKUMENTER฀ DER฀ SKAL฀ FREMSENDES฀ B � R ฀ O VE R S � T T EffS ฀ ELLER฀ EJ ฀ !
3 E V E R AL ฀ OTHER฀ M E AN S ฀ OF฀ TRANSMITTING฀ DOCUMENTS฀ TAKEN฀ FROM฀ THE฀ ฀ (AGUE฀#ONVENTION฀ WERE฀ IN C L U D E D
( VIS฀ ET฀ D O K U M E N TffS ฀ A D R EffS S AT฀ MED D E LER฀ DEN฀ M O D T A GE N DE฀ IN SffT AN S ฀ AT฀ HAN฀ N � GT ER฀ AT฀ M O D TAGE฀ D O K U M E N T ET฀ R E TUR N E R EffS ฀ DETTE฀ STRAKS฀ TIL฀ DEN฀ FREMSENDENDE฀ IN SffT AN S ฀ MED฀ ANMODNING฀ OM฀ O VE R S � T T E L S E
$ I RE C T ฀ SERVICE฀ BY฀ POST฀ RE G U L A R L Y ฀ U S E D ฀ BY฀ CERTAIN฀ -EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ IS฀OBVIOUSLY฀ THE฀ S W IF T E S T ฀ AND฀ S I M P L E S T ฀ ( O W E V E R ฀ IT฀ IS฀NOT฀ R I S K FREE฀ IN฀ THAT฀ IT฀ IS฀NOT฀ CERTAIN฀ THAT฀ THE฀ L E T T E R ฀ S ENT฀ WILL฀ ACTUALLY฀ BE฀ RE C E I V E D ฀BY฀THE฀ A D D RE S SEE฀ N OR฀ THAT฀ ITS฀ CON T ENT฀ WILL฀ BE฀ PRO PER L Y ฀ U N D E R STOOD฀ BY฀ H I M ฀ !RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ THEREFORE฀ PROVIDES฀ THAT฀ -EMBER฀3TATES฀MAY฀SPECIFY฀THE฀CONDITIONS฀UNDER฀WHICH฀ THEY฀WILL฀ ACCEPT฀ THIS฀ M E T H O D ฀ OF฀ SERVICE฀ ! ฀ VERY฀ L A R G E ฀ M A JO R I T Y ฀ OF฀ THEM฀ REQUIRE฀ THAT฀ L E T T E R S ฀ BE฀ S ENT฀ BY฀ REGISTERED฀ POST฀ WITH฀ PROOF฀ OF ฀DE L I VERY฀ 3OME฀ ALSO฀ REQUIRE฀ DOCUMENTS฀ TO฀BE฀ T R AN S L A T E D
) ฀ T I L F � L DE฀ AF฀ TVIST฀ OM฀ DETTE฀ P U N K T ฀ SKAL฀ D OM M E R EN฀ VED฀ DEN฀ RET฀ HVOR฀ S A GEN฀ ER฀ ANLAGT฀ A FG � R E ฀ OM฀ DET฀ VAR฀ BERETTIGET฀ AT฀ N � GT E ฀ AT฀ M O D TAGE฀ D O K U M E N T ET฀ OG฀ D R A GE ฀
!RTICLE฀ ฀ OF฀ THE฀REGULATION ฀ ALSO฀ ENABLES฀ A P P L I C AN T S ฀ TO฀ A P PROACH฀ THE฀COMPETENT฀ PER S O N S ฀ DIRECTLY฀ TO฀ EFFECT฀ SERVICE฀OF฀ FOREIGN฀ DOCUMENTS฀ )N฀ A C T U AL ฀ FACT฀ THE฀ DI RECT฀RECEIPT฀OF฀DOCUMENTS฀BY฀THE฀PERSONS฀RESPONSIBLE฀FOR฀SERVING฀THEM฀IS฀IN COMPATIBLE฀WITH฀THE฀ORGANISATION฀AND฀INTERNAL฀PROCEDURES฀OF฀CERTAIN฀-EMBER฀ 3TATES฀ AND฀ THEY฀ HAVE฀ A V A I L E D ฀ THEMSELVES฀OF฀ THE฀OPTION฀ OFFE RE D ฀BY฀THE฀ REGULATION฀ OF฀ OP PO S ING฀ THIS฀ S Y S T EM