natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For det andet er det væsentligt, at direktivet til forskel fra f.eks.
In the first set of minutes, the lifting of the embargo is not mentioned as one of the conditions to which Iraq stated the payment of its debts to the applicant by means of the Iraqi assets frozen in banks in the United States to be subject.
Rådets direktiv 93/13/EØF af 5. april 1993 om urimelige kontraktvilkår i forbrugeraftaler ikke indeholder nogen udtrykkelig bestemmelse om, at medlemsstaterne inden for det område, der omfattes af direktivet, kan vedtage eller opretholde strengere bestemmelser for at sikre en mere omfattende beskvttelse af forbrugerne.
In the minutes of the second meeting, the embargo is mentioned in the following terms: '[t]he two parties will meet again in Athens or Baghdad within three months with the aim [of fixing] the procedure and timetable of payment either through oil and oil products or by other means, taking [into] consideration the continuation or the lifting of [the] embargo and shall find the final solution for the legal matters [pending] between the two sides'.
Henvisningen i artikel 13 til de rettigheder, som skadelidte kan påberåbe sig under henvisning til særregler om ansvar, der er gældende på tidspunktet for direktivets meddelelse, skal, som det fremgår af tredje led af trettende betragtning til direktivet, ligeledes forstås således, at der hermed sigtes til en speciel ordning, der alene gælder inden for en bestemt produktsektor.
Contrary to the applicant's submission, those minutes do not show that the Iraqi authorities intended to make any negotiated solution conditional on the lifting of the embargo. They show rather that the intention of the representatives of the contracting parties was to underline the need to take account, in choosing the method of payment, of the limits
For det tredje bemærkes, at den omstændighed, at direktivet indeholder visse undtagelser eller på visse punkter henviser til national ret, ikke
The applicant submits that the Community must, on the basis of the principle of liability for an unlawful act, incur liability for the damage suffered by it as a result of the impossibility of enforcing its claim.
Heraf følger i modsætning til hvad Den Franske Republik har gjort gældende - at
In the present case, the unlawfulness consists in the failure of the Community legislature, when it adopted Regulation No 2340/90, to provide for compensation for the damage caused by that
direktivet inden for sit anvendelsesområde har til formål at gennemføre en totalharmonisering af medlemsstaternes love og administrative bestemmelser.
damage alleged by the applicant consisting in the temporary impossibility of recovering its debt from the Iraqi Government.
Det er i lyset af disse betragtninger, at Kommissionens klagepunkter skal vurderes.
It follows from all the foregoing that the applicant has not demonstrated the existence of a direct causal link between the damage alleged and the adoption of Regulation No 2340/90.
Første klagepunkt vedrørende en mangelfuld gennemførelse af direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b)
Quite clearly, that declaration implies that the applicant still considers an agreement with Iraq to that effect to be feasible.
Kommissionen har anført, at artikel 1386-2 i code civil — til forskel fra direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b) — omfatter alle skader på private og offentligt ejede ting uden fradrag af en selvrisiko på 500 EUR.
In the absence of such a causal link, the applicant cannot successfully claim that the Community legislature failed to exercise its discretion to provide for compensation in favour of undertakings in the same position as the applicant.
Afgrænsningen af direktivets anvendelsesområde, der er fastsat af fællesskabslovgiver, er endvidere slutresultatet af en kompliceret afvejning af forskellige interesser. Disse interesser omfatter — som det fremgår af første og niende betragtning til direktivet — sikkerhed for, at konkurrencen ikke forvrides, fremme af samhandelen inden for det fælles marked, beskyttelse af forbrugerne og hensynet til en effektiv retspleje.
Since one of the conditions to which noncontractual liability on the part of the Community under the second paragraph of Article 215 of the Treaty is subject is not satisfied, the applicant's claim for compensation must be rejected and it is not necessary to consider the other conditions giving rise to that liability.
Det følger af det valg, fællesskabslovgiveren har truffet, at personer, der har lidt skade på grund af defekte produkter, i tilfælde af et ubetydeligt økonomisk tab — for at undgå et for stort antal tvister — ikke kan påberåbe sig direktivets ansvarsregler, men må anlægge sag på grundlag af almindelige retsregler om ansvar i og uden for kontraktforhold.
However, taking account of the particular circumstances of the case, the plea alleging breach by the defendants of the principle of nondiscrimination must be examined separately.
Under disse omstændigheder kan den selvrisiko, der er fastsat i direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), ikke anses for at stride mod de skadelidtes ret til adgang til domstolene.
Furthermore, even if the Central Bank of Iraq had relied on Regulation No 2340/90 to justify the non-payment of its debt to the applicant, the Court observes, as did the Commission, that the transaction at issue does not come within the scope of that regulation.
Den franske regering har ikke bestridt denne forskel, men har fremført fire argumenter som begrundelse herfor.
Article 2(2) and (3) of that regulation prohibits 'the sale or supply of any commodity or product, wherever it originates or comes from ... to any natural or legal person in Iraq or Kuwait' and 'any activity the object or effect of which is to promote such sales or supplies'.
For det første er selvrisikoen i strid med den grundlæggende ret til adgang til domstolene, som er garanteret i artikel 6 i den europæiske konvention til beskyttelse af menneskerettigheder og grundlæggende frihedsrettigheder af 4. november 1950, idet den fratager den skadelidte en søgsmålsret.
The Court finds that that prohibition does not apply to financial transactions relating to supplies which, as in the present case, were wholly carried out more than a year before the date of entry into force of the regulation and which do not have as their object or effect to promote supplies after that date.
For det andet er selvrisikoen ligeledes i strid med princippet om ligebehandling, idet den skaber en ubegrundet skævhed både mellem producenterne og mellem forbrugerne.
The Community embargo imposed by Regulation No 2340/90 could not therefore in any event have constituted an obstacle to payment by the Central Bank of Iraq of the sum owed to the applicant by the Iraqi Government.
For det tredje har den samme virkning som en regel om fuldstændig fritagelse for erstatningsansvar uden for kontrakt, hvilket er i strid med grundlæggende retsprincipper i Frankrig.
In those circumstances, the fact that, as the applicant has claimed, the maintenance of the Community embargo may possibly prevent payment of the debt at issue by a compensatory amount in oil or oil products is immaterial.
For det fjerde bekræftes dens kritik af, at Kommissionen i sin grønbog af 28. juli 1999 om produktansvar (KOM(1999) 396 endelig udg.) forudser, at reglen vil blive afskaffet.
The method of payment initially chosen by the contracting parties was that of bank credit guaranteed by the issue of a letter of credit by the Central Bank of Iraq.
Den omstændighed, at der gælder forskellige ansvarsordninger for producenten af og offeret for et defekt produkt, udgør heller ikke en tilsidesættelse af princippet om ligebehandling, idet sondringen på grundlag af karakteren og størrelsen af det lidte tab er objektivt begrundet (jf. bl.a. dom af 21.6.1958, sag 8/57, Groupement des hauts fourneaux et Aciéries belges mod Den Høje Myndighed).
The fact that that method of payment has become, in fact, inoperative because of the Central Bank of Iraq's refusal, on the ground of the adoption of the abovementioned United Nations Security Council resolutions and not of the implementation of measures of retaliation against the Community embargo, is in itself sufficient to preclude the existence of a direct causal link between the adoption of Regulation No 2340/90 and the
For så vidt angår de to første argumenter, der vedrører spørgsmålet om lovligheden af den selvrisiko, der er fastsat ved direktivet, bemærkes det indledningsvis, at der i henhold til de i traktaten indeholdte søgsmålsregler sondres mellem søgsmål i henhold til artikel 226 EF og 227 EF, der har til formål at få fastslået, at en medlemsstat har tilsidesat sine forpligtelser, og søgsmål i henhold til artikel 230 EF og 232 EF, der har til formål at kontrollere lovligheden af fællesskabsinstitutionernes handlinger eller undladelser.
The applicant submits that the institutions have infringed that principle by adopting Regulations No 3155/90 and No 3541/92, which introduced derogations, in favour of certain situations, to the prohibition imposed by the embargo.
Disse retsmidler forfølger forskellige mål og er undergivet forskellige betingelser. En medlemsstat kan således ikke — medmindre traktaten udtrykkeligt giver hjemmel hertil —
Regulation No 3155/90, which, pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 (1990), extends the embargo to the provision of non-financial services with the object or effect of promoting the economy of Iraq or Kuwait, provides in Article 1(2) that the prohibition imposed in Article 1(1) is not to apply to non-financial services resulting from contracts or amendments to contracts concluded before the entry into force of the ban laid down in Regulation No 2340/90, where their execution began before that date.
Vedrørende den franske regerings tredje argument om, at den i artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), fastsatte selvrisiko er uforenelig med grundlæggende retsprincipper i Frankrig, bemærkes blot, at påberåbelsen af bestemmelser i intern ret for at begrænse rækkevidden af de fællesskabsretlige regler ifølge fast retspraksis skader fællesskabsrettens enhed og effektivitet og derfor ikke kan anerkendes (jf. bl.a. dom af 2.7.1996, sag C-473/93, Kommissionen mod Luxembourg, præmis 38, og dommen af dags
Regulation No 3541/92, which was adopted in order to comply with United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), prohibits the satisfying of claims made by any natural or legal person in, or resident in, Iraq, or any body controlled by such persons, under or in connection with a transaction the performance of which was affected, directly or indirectly, wholly
For så vidt angår den påståede lighed, hvad resultatet angår, mellem den ansvarsordning, der er fastsat i direktivet, og den, der er indført ved lov nr. 98-389, skal det bemærkes, at den mulighed, der efter denne lov gives leverandøren for at adcitere producenten, fører til flere søgsmål i samme sag, hvilket det direkte søgsmål, som skadelidte under de betingelser, der er fastsat i direktivets artikel 3, stk. 3, kan anlægge mod producenten, netop har til formål at afværge.
In that regard, suffice it to state that, as was found in paragraph 44 above, the applicant's situation does not fall within the scope of Regulation No 2340/90 and cannot therefore be equiparated to the situations which were taken into consideration in Regulations Nos 3155/90 and 3541/92.
For så vidt angår den franske regerings henvisning til Kommissionens grønbog skal det ligeledes blot bemærkes, at den omstændighed, at Kommissionen med henblik på en eventuel revision af direktivet har besluttet at konsultere de berørte grupperom hensigtsmæssigheden af at ophæve den selvrisiko, der er fastsat i direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), ikke fritager medlemsstaterne for at efterkomme den gældende fællesskabsbestemmelse.
In those circumstances, the applicant cannot complain that the Community legislature has acted in breach of the principle of nondiscrimination in so far as it failed to provide a mechanism for compensation in favour of undertakings in the same situation as the applicant.
Tredje klagepunkt vedrørende en mangelfuld gennemførelse af direktivets artikel 7
It is clear from all the foregoing that the application must be dismissed in its entirety.
Kommissionen har anført, at artikel 1386-7 i code civil — til forskel fra direktivets artikel 3, stk. 3, hvorefter leverandøren alene subsidiært kan gøres ansvarlig, såfremt producenten er ukendt ligestiller leverandøren med producenten.
According to settled case-law, for the Community institutions to be in breach of the principle of non-discrimination, they must be shown, in particular, to have treated like cases differently, thereby placing some traders at a disadvantage by comparison with others, without such differentiation being justified by the existence of substantial objective differences (see, in particular, Joined Cases T-164/96 to T-167/96, T122/97 and T-130/97 Moccio Irme and Others ν Commission [1999], paragraph 188).
I øvrigt er argumentet ikke rigtigt.
Orders the applicant to pay the costs.'
ansvarsfritagelse, der er fastsat i artikel 7, litra d).
25 April 2002 reservation systems (CRS) — — Inadmissibility —Appeal in
Denne fortolkning berøres ikke af direktiv 92/59, som ikke vedrører producentens ansvar for de produkter, han bringer i omsætning.
Preliminary ruling (Air transport — Code of conduct for the use of computerised Purchase of data by groups of airlines —Action for annulment part clearly inadmissible and in part clearly unfounded) (Fourth Chamber)
Det hedder i domskonklusionen:
Galileo is a 99%-owned subsidiary of GILLC.
»1) Den Franske Republik har tilsidesat sine forpligtelser i henhold til artikel 9, stk. 1, titra b), henholdsvis artikel 3, stk. 3, og artikel 7 i Rådets direktiv 85/374/EØF af 25. juli 1985 om tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes administrativt eller ved lov fastsatte bestemmelser om produktansvar, ved i artikel 1386-2 i den franske code civil at medtage skader under 500 EUR ved i samme lovs artikel 1386-7, stk. 1, at bestemme, at forhandleren af et defekt produkt i alle tilfælde er ansvarlig i samme omfang som producenten, og ved i lovens artikel 1386-12, stk. 2, at bestemme, at producenten skal bevise, at han har truffet egnede foranstaltninger til at afværge følgerne af et defekt produkt, for at han kan påberåbe sig ansvarsfritagelsesgrundene i direktivets artikel 7, litra d) og e).
By application lodged at the Court Registry on 27 February 2001 The Galileo Company (hereinafter 'Galileo') and Galileo International LLC (hereinafter 'GILLC') brought an appeal under Article 49 of the EC Statute of the Court of Justice against the order of the Court of First Instance of 15 December 2000 in Case T-l 13/99 Galileo and Galileo International ν Council [2000], which dismissed as inadmissible their action for partial annulment of Article l(7)(b) of Council Regulation (EC) No 323/1999 of 8 February 1999 amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89 on a code of conduct for computerised reservation systems ('CRS'), to the extent that it adds to Article 6(l)(b) of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89 of 24 July 1989 a provision allowing airlines, regardless of their number, to form a group in order to purchase jointly data from CRS operators.
Generaladvokat L.A. Geelhoed fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Femte Afdeling) den 18. september 2001.
The facts of the dispute, as they appear from the file before the Court of First Instance and set out in paragraphs 1 to 12 of the order under appeal, can be summarised as follows.
Dansk tekst foreligger endnu ikke.
Two kinds of information are stored on the CRS database: information contained in booking requests from travel agents and information received from airlines.
25. april 2002 produktansvar — mangelfuld gennemførelse«
That information, generally known as 'marketing information data transfer' ('MIDT), can be sold as a separate product.
»Traktatbrud direktiv 85/374/EØF (Femte Afdeling) indfører en minimumsharmonisering af medlemsstaternes lovgivninger, hvilket gør det muligt for medlemsstaterne at vedtage eller opretholde bestemmelser, i henhold til hvilke forbrugerne får en større beskyttelse.
As they considered that their interests as operators of CRSs providing MIDT were prejudiced by the contested provision, on 7 May 1999 the applicants brought an action for annulment of that provision before the Court of First Instance.
Mere specifikt har den fremført forskellige argumenter, der efter dens opfattelse er til hinder for en gennemførelse af den omhandlede selvrisiko i græsk ret.
On 24 July 1989 the Council adopted Regulation (EEC) No 2299/89, amended, inter alia in Article 6, by Council Regulation (EEC) No 3089/93 of 29 October 1993.
Spørgsmålet om graden af den harmonisering, der er opnået ved direktivet
On 9 July 1997 the Commission adopted a proposal for a regulation amending Regulation No 2299/89.
Ved stævning indleveret til Domstolens Justitskontor den 25. april 2000 har Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber i medfør af artikel 226 EF anlagt en sag med påstand om, at det fastslås, at Den Hellenske Republik kun delvis har gennemført artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), i Rådets direktiv 85/374/EØF af 25. juli 1985 om tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes administrativ! eller ved lov fastsatte bestemmelser om produktansvar, idet den ikke i den nationale lov til gennemførelse af direktivet har fastsat en selvrisiko på 500 EUR, som foreskrevet i direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1. litra b).
After a second reading by the Parliament, on 8 February 1999 the Council adopted Regulation No 323/1999, which provided inter alia for the addition of a point (v) in Article 6(l)(b) of Regulation No 2299/89.
Da Kommissionen fandt, at lov nr. 2251/94 ikke havde sikret en korrekt gennemførelse af direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), inden for den fastsatte frist, indledte den en traktatbrudsprocedure.
Following that amendment, Article 6(l)(b) of Regulation No 2299/89 is now worded as follows:
Da Den Hellenske Republik ikke besvarede udtalelsen, har Kommissionen anlagt nærværende sag.
The following provisions shall govern the availability of information, statistical or otherwise, by a system vendor from its CRS:
Selv om det er korrekt, at fastsættelsen af det præcise indhold af den type skader, der er omfattet af direktivets artikel 9, delvist er overladt til de nationale lovgivere, står det ikke desto mindre fast, at det udtrykkeligt fremgår af bestemmelsen, at begrebet skade omfatter skade på eller ødelæggelse af en ting, og at skaden i det sidstnævnte tilfælde skal udgøre over 500 EUR, mens den pågældende ting skal være af en art, som sædvanligvis er beregnet til privat brug eller fortæring, og af skadelidte skal være anvendt hertil (dom af 10.5.2001, sag C-203/99, Veedfald, præmis 26 og 27).
Second, the applicants submitted that the fact that there were only four operators of global CRSs and that it was unlikely that a new system could be created constituted an attribute which differentiated them from all other traders. Furthermore, the applicants were also differentiated from all other traders by the fact that at the time of adoption of Regulation No 323/1999, the Council was under an obligation to take account of their particular circumstances and of those of other operators of global CRSs under Article 75 of the EC Treaty (now, after amendment, Article 71 EC) and Article 78 of the EC Treaty (now Article 74 EC).
Den Hellenske Republik har ikke bestridt, at artikel 6, stk. 6. i lov nr. 2251/94 ikke fastsætter en selvrisiko på 500 EUR, som foreskrevet i direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b).
By the order under appeal, the Court of First Instance dismissed the application as inadmissible on the following grounds:
Den er imidlertid af den opfattelse, at loven er en korrekt gennemførelse af direktivet. Den har generelt gjort gældende, at direktivet kun
According to the appellants, the purpose of that provision was to ensure that travel agents, mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, should have access to the information contained in databases by forming groups.
der er fastsat i direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), ikke fritager medlemsstaterne for at efterkomme den gældende fællesskabsbestemmelse (jf. bl.a. dom af 12.7.1990, sag C-236/88, præmis 19.
By their second plea, the appellants complain that the Court of First Instance held, at paragraphs 51 to 54 of the order under appeal, that the exceptional economic circumstances they cite did not mean that the contested provision was of individual concern to them.
derfor ikke kan anerkendes (jf. bl.a. dom af 2.7.1996, sag C-473/93, Kommissionen mod Luxembourg, præmis 38, og dommen af dags dato i sagen Kommissionen mod Frankrig, præmis 33).
As regards the first plea of the appellants, alleging that the Court of First Instance erred in holding that the contested provision was of concern to them only in their objective capacity as 'system vendor', in the same way as any other system vendor, it must be held that in so far as it disputes both paragraph 47 and paragraph 50 of the order under appeal, this plea concerns the first and second parts of that order respectively.
Spørgsmålet om en eventuel revision af direktivet
The situations contemplated in those judgments concerned a specific combination of circumstances which do not obtain in the present case.
Spørgsmålet om selvrisikoens påståede uforenelighed med generelle fællesskabsretlige principper se
The applicants are only affected by the regulation in question in their objective capacity as system vendors in the same way as other traders.
Hertil skal det blot bemærkes, at den omstændighed, at Kommissionen med henblik på en eventuel revision af direktivet har besluttet at konsultere de berørte grupper om hensigtsmæssigheden af at ophæve den selvrisiko,
55 It must be concluded that the applicants have not established that they are individually concerned by the legislative provision whose annulment they seek.'
•1) Den Hellenske Republik har tilsidesat sine forpligtelser i henhold til artikel 9, stk. 1, litra b), i Rådets direktiv 85/374/EØF af 25. juli 1985 om tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes administrativt eller ved lov fastsatte bestemmelser om produktansvar, idet den ikke i den nationale lov til gennemførelse af direktivet har fastsat en selvrisiko på 500 EUR, som foreskrevet i direktivets artikel 9, stk. 1, titra b).
In support of their appeal seeking to have the order under appeal set aside and a declaration that their action against Article 6(l)(b)(v) of Regulation No 2299/89, as inserted by Regulation No 323/1999, is admissible, the appellants put forward two pleas alleging errors of law made by the Court of First Instance.
Den Hellenske Republik betaler sagens omkostninger.·
Moreover, in concluding that the contested provision was of a legislative nature because of its general and abstract terms, the Court of First Instance made an analysis which was in no way vitiated by an error of law.
Præjudiciel »Tilnærmelse af lovgivningerne andre ansvarsordninger* (Femte Afdeling) finder anvendelse, når henses til den første afsluttende bestemmelse i lov nr. 22/94.
while the appellants were affected by the contested provision, it was because of their activity in relation to MIDT, which is only an activity derived from the primary function of CRSs, that is to say the computerised reservation of services.
Den forelæggende ret har lagt til grund, at de faktiske omstændigheder, der er baggrunden for tvisten, er omfattet af det saglige og tidsmæssige anvendelsesområde for såvel lov nr. 26/84 som lov nr. 22/94.
That appraisal by the Court of First Instance of the evidence put before it does not constitute, save where the clear sense of that evidence has been distorted, a point of law which is subject, as such, to review by the Court of Justice (see inter alia judgments in Case C-13/99 Ρ TEAM ν Commission [2000], paragraph 63, and in Case C352/98 Ρ Bergaderm and Goupil ν Commission [2000], paragraph 49).