natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Af de interviewede var 58% mænd og 42% kvinger.
Relatively more men than women still had contact with former colleagues/ workmates (62%, as against 42% of women).
Gruppen var aldersmæssigt fordelt med ca. en trediedel i hvert af intervallerne 60-64 år, 65-69 år og 70-72 år.
In the case of the men, it was mainly the married men who had maintained this contact (65%, as against 53% of the non-married), although the opposite was the case for the women, of whom 32% of those who were married had maintained contact, as against 48% of the non-married.
70% havde trukket sig tilbage for 15 år siden, 24% for 6-10 år siden og de resterende 6% for 10-12 år siden.
The largest variation in respect of contact with former colleagues/workmates was thus observed amongst the married persons, where the proportion of men was twice as high as the proportion of women (cf. Table 7.4.10).
60% af analysepersonerne var gifte, 27% enker eller enkemænd og 13% fraskilte eller aldrig gifte.
It is apparent from Table 7.4.11 that a comparatively larger number of people in the provinces had maintained their contacts with former colleagues/workmates (about 57%, as against 49% in the Copenhagen region).
40% havde ingen erhvervsuddannelse, 14% en kortvarig tillæring, 39% en faglig uddannelse og 7% en mellem- eller akademisk uddannelse .
The highest proportion of continuing contacts was amongst those who had been whitecollar workers or Civil Servants, at 67%, whilst the lowest proportion was found amongst those who had been skilled workers, at 39% (cf. Table 7.4.12).
130 faglærte eller specialarbejdere (42% af mændene og 58% af kvinderne) , de 17% som faglærte arbejdere (21% af mændene og 12% af kvinderne), de 18% som underordnede funktionærer eller tjenestemænd (16% af mændene og 19% af kvinderne) og endelig de 15% som overordnede funktionærer eller tjenestemænd (20% af mæn dene og 9% af kvinderne).
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they have any friends or family (apart from children) whom they meet regularly, and according to place of residence. Percentage values.
3 hvad det er for levekår i det hele taget, pensionister og efterlønsmod­
3 km or more
Det er af afgørende betydning for un­dersøgelsen, at vi får talt med alle, der er blevet udvalgt til at deltage,
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they still have contact with former colleagues/workmates, and according to marital status; men (m) and women (w) shown separately. Percentage values.
Hvor mange timer pr. år?
Not married
2 børn 3 børn
Still have contact
Andet år efter
99.9 100.0 m w
Andet
Total n
redelser til Deres pensionist­tilværelse? ­ (EVT.
White collar and civil svts.
FLERE SVAR)
Still have contact
Hvis vi ser på de sidste 10 år før De gik på pension/efterløn, hvor tit har De da været syg eller ar bejdsløs?
Table 7.4.14), whilst no significant difference was noted amongst those who were not married.
Vi tager årene hver for sig og starter med det sidste år inden De gik på pension/efterløn:
Table 7.4.15), since the greatest difference between town and country was observed in the case of men (12% in the towns, as against 21% in the rural areas).
Var De syg det sidste år? - (HVIS JA:) Sammenlagt hvor mange uger? - Var De arbejdsløs det sidste år? -(HVIS JA:) Hvor mange uger? - Hvad med det næstsidste år? - O.s.v.
About one fifth of those who were working or who had been in work stated that they worked in order to pass the time, whereas one third mentioned financial reasons and one half said that they still wished to produce something.
Antal sygeuger
Page 146
Sidste år
Table 7.4.13
Næstsidste år
65--69 years
3. året før
Seldom or never m w
Sidste år
Table 7.4.14
5. året før
Table 7.4.15
Hvis vi ser på de sidste
Occasionally or often
Ved ikke
Worke rs
Var det psykisk belastende?
Unskilled skilled
Var det akkordarbejde?
Seldom or never m w
Pension fra pensionskasse
Percentage values.
Pension fra private pensionsordninger
Whitecollar workers
Renter og afkast
16.3 9.2 m w
Andet
Total
Har De have?
Workers
Boligen
Skilled
Ja, overvejende 2 2
Yes
Bedre end jævnaldrendes helbree Ligesom jævnaldrendes helbred Dårligere end jævnaldrendes helbred _
No systematic agerelated variations were observed in connection with absences from home for several consecutive days.
GANG HVER 14.
Page 152
DAG GENNEM EN PERIODE AF MINDST i ÅRS VARIGHED)
Old people can pay for a hot meal to be delivered every day, or they may prefer to take their meals at an old peoples' home.
Nej, hverken behandles eller tager medicin for Ja, behandles for Ja, tager medicin for Ja, både behandles og tager ¡r.edicin for
This takes the form of practical assistance and assistance with their personal needs for those individuals who are unable due to illness or weakness to perform these functions themselves.
Hvordan synes De, det er ! gået «It. i alt ired at vænne sig
The help is provided free of charge to those old people who have no source of income other than their State pension.
I­'ej, tv^­ti'.od Nei, egentlig ikke J ^c:' < rrai .'■'. : iHc° j .'«, _'nd ine­.len· 1 jj·. i·':·?'*­
Apart from the services referred to above, many Local Authorities also offer practical help with snow clearing, grass cutting, spring cleaning and laundry, etc.
S^.e' .-'».. .ionens?ide, at 1Æ '' < *1ΐ."·».. .»»iv -m > '/-: egc^t·· l·· ; Mv(".e Œ1- & * "Ύβ*. til »t va > -- - s-UTv-wi a* · aï'dr'·? pr1«.'
Such a group of old people can be in charge of setting up and running local clubs and societies, supported financially by the local authority.
Ud endørs aktiviteter, f. ek s. cykle, gå tur, have­ar bejde etc.
In May 1982 the Commission for the Aged published the last section of its report, which contained (among others) the following proposals:
Være til bankospil
10.2 Other literature
Være i faglig klub for pensionister og efter­lønsmodtagere
Aeldrekommissionens delrapport I, II og III (Report of the Commission for Aged, Sections I, II and III), Copenhagen I98O, I98I and I982 resp.
Ja, været på højskoleophold Ja, andet Nel
Environment with respect to traffic and other means of communication d.
Ja, ofte Ja, ind imellem Nej, sjældent eller aldrig
The diagram below illustrates this mutual dependence:
GÄ TIL SPM.
Page 177
V: Venstre Y: Venstresocialisterne Ζ : Fremskridtspartiet Havde ikke stemmeret Husker ikke partiet Vil ikke svare om parti Stemte ikke Stemte blankt Andre svar
The first basic element consists of an individual's personal resources, ie their physical and mental condition and the state of their knowledge.
Ingen kvindelig husmoder Uden lønnet erhverv Deltidsbeskæftiget Heltidsbeskæftiget Medhjælpende ægtefælle
It remained only to decide in more detail what should be monitored within each component of living conditions, what weight should be attached to each component, how they should be measured, etc.
V: Venstre Y: Venstresocialisterne Z: Fremskridtspartiet Andre partier Har ikke stemmeret Ved ikke parti Vil ikke svare om parti Vil ikke stemme Vil stemme blankt Andre svar
In formulating the questionnaire our aims were : 1. to collect various personal data', 2. to obtain a description of the former employment situation and the circumstances of the actual retirement; 3. to cover all relevant aspects of the living conditions and to make comparisons with the state of affairs before retirement.
cigaretter cerutter (uden spids) cigarer pibe Ingen af delene
It was therefore necessary to decide which of the indivi-
0 ­ 39.999 kr. 40.000 ­ 79.999 kr. 80.000 ­ 119.999 kr. 120.000 ­ 159.999 kl'. 160.000 ­ 199.999 kr.
- 150 dual aspects were the most important for assessing the possible effects of stopping work.
Arbejder, ikke faglært/special arbejder Arbejder, faglært Funktionær, lavere grad Funktionær, højere grad Selvstændig landbruger/fisker Selvstændig detailhandler/ håndværksmester Selvstændig i øvrigt Medhjælpende ægtefælle
The group studied consisted of persons aged 60-72 in receipt of pensions or severance payments who had been employed as wageearners.
9 II Lærling/elev/studerende 1 GA 0 M Pensionist/på efterløn I TIL (2331 / SPM.
A random sample of 524 persons were interviewed, distributed over the whole country.
Må vi have lov til at opbevare dette spørgeskema og eventuelt komme tilbage ved en senere lejlighed og inter­viewe Dem igen?
About one-third of the group was in each of the age ranges 60-64, 65-69 and 70-72; 70% had retired 15 years ago, 24% 6-10 years ago and the remaining 6% 10-12 years ago.
Første kontaktforsøg Andet kontaktforsøg Tredje kontaktforsøg Fjerde eller senere kontakt­forsøg
Some 40% had no vocational training, 14% brief supplementary training, 39% technical training and 7% education of academic or intermediate standard.
*1andag Tirsdag Onsdag Torsdag Fredag Lørdag Søndag nu, θ
In all, 35% of those interviewed lived in the Copenhagen area, 43% in provincial towns, and 22% in rural districts.
TIE FORBEDRIM; AK LEVE-OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE louphlinstown house, shankili. co. dublin. telefon: 826888 lelex: 30726KI HH.
Loughlinstown House, Shankill, Co. Dublin, Ireland. Tel: (01) 826888 Telex: 30726 EURF EF / 85 / 04 / EN
DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUT TIL FORBEDKING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUT
Consolidated Report
TIL FORBEDRING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE loughlinstown house, shankill, co. dublin. telefon: 826888 telex: 30726KI KF.
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
© Copyright: DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUTTIL FORBEDRING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE, 19X5. I illadelse til oversættelse eller kopiering skal indhentes hos European Foundation for the Improvement of living and Working Conditions. Loughlinstown House. Shankill, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
Designed & Printed by the European Foundation © Copyright: THE EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS, 1985.
Det er fagforeningsgruppens opfattelse, at de tre nationale rapporter og den sammenfattende rapport indeholder mange nyttige oplysninger om pensionsordninger og pensionisters levevilkår.
The trade unions' group feels that the three national reports and the summary report contain much useful information on retirement schemes and the living conditions of the retired.
Selvom rapporterne ikke indeholder særlig mange nye ting, bekræfter de dog tidligere resultater og giver et godt over blik over den aktuelle situation.
Whereas the reports do not contain many new elements, they do, however, confirm earlier findings. They provide a good overview of the present situation.
I den danske rapport lægges der dog ikke nok vægt på kollektive overenskomstforhandlingers rolle ved gennemførelse af førtidspensionsordninger.
However, the Danish report does not place sufficient emphasis on the role of collective bargaining in the implementation of early retirement schemes.
Selvom gruppen er klar over, at instituttet ligger under for budgetmæssige begrænsninger, må den beklage, at undersøgelsen var begrænset til tre lande, hvilket gjorde det umuligt at give et tilstrækkelig bredt overblik over situationen i EF.
While it is aware of the budgetary constraints on the Foundation, the trade unions' group regrets that the study was limited to three countries, which prevented it from providing a sufficiently broad view of the situation in the
Fagforeningsgruppen er ikke enig i det der nævnes i den sammenfattende rapport om, at indtjening stabe t ved tilbagetrækningen ikke er noget alvorligt problem, eftersom pensionister ikke har så meget brug for og bruger færre penge.
The trade unions' group does not share the view contained in the summary report that the loss of income suffered on retirement does not present serious problems because retired people have less need of money and spend less.
Endvidere er det synspunkt, som fremføres i den sammenfattende rapport, i modstrid med resultaterne om boligforhold, som viser, at denne gruppe i den sammenhæng bliver dårligere stillet.
Furthermore, this view in the summary report is contradicted by the findings on housing, which illustrate this phenomenon of impoverishment.
Vi mener tværtimod, at folk skal trække sig tilbage, når de er ved godt helbred og derfor kan få mest muligt ud af pensionisttilværelsen og den fritid den giver mulighed for.
We feel, on the contrary, that retirement should take place at an age and at a point in time when the person who stops working is in good health and, therefore, able to take full advantage of retirement and the free time which it offers.
-3- af disse ordninger ikke har givet de forventede gode resultater, hovedsagelig på grund af de hermed forbundne økonomiske vilkår samt den omstændighed, at lønmodtagerne ikke ville gå med til gradvist at blive henvist til deltidsstillinger, som de ikke var særlig tilfredse med.
While the idea is attractive in theory, practice shows that most of these schemes have not met with the anticipated success, largely because of the financial conditions attaching to them and the refusal of workers to find themselves progressively restricted to part-time jobs which gave them little satisfaction.
Endvidere mener vi, at det ikke så meget er et spørgsmål om særlige pensionistforberedelseskurser, men snarere drejer sig om fortløbende voksenundervisning og at tilskynde folk til at -være aktive i fritiden.
Furthermore, we believe that it is not so much a matter of organising a specific preparation for retirement as developing the continuous training of adults and encouraging active leisure pursuits.
Endelig er det vores opfattelse, at problemer i forbindelse med tilbagetrækningen, og det er bestemt ikke alle, der har problemer, ikke skyldes tilbage trækningen i sig selv, men de hermed forbundne forhold såsom for små pensioner eller mangel på et socialt og kulturelt netværk, som frembyder muligheder for fritidsaktiviteter, tilpasset pensionister.
Finally, we feel that, when retirement poses problems, and it is by no means everyone who encounters these problems, this results not from retirement itself but from the conditions surrounding it, such as inadequate pensions or the absence of a social and cultural infrastructure which provides opportunities for activities and leisure suitable for retired people.
På det tidspunkt kan de pågældendes boliger trænge til at blive repareret, og der kan blive problemer med helbredet og økonomien.
At this stage of retirement, houses can fall into repair, health can deteriorate and financial problems can start to arise.
Vi kan generelt tilslutte os rapportens konklusioner, og skal nu kort kommentere hovedemnerne som fremstillet i Kap. 6:
Turning to the conclusions of the consolidated report we find that we generally agree with them and we will now comment briefly on each of the main areas as set out in Chapter 6:-
(1) Gruppen er enig i, at "pensionisttilværelsen" vil blive længere i takt med at folks helbredstilstand bliver bedre og den forventede levetid længere.
1) It is agreed that individuals in the "retired" category will have a longer length of time on retirement as health and life expectancy improve.
Det er vores erfaring, at selvom folk, i de tilfælde, hvor der er tale om gode førtidspensionsordninger, taler om at benytte sig af disse muligheder, er tilbøjelige til at blive ved med at arbejde til de når den maksimale pensionsalder, når de bliver så gamle, at de har mulighed for at trække sig tilbage førtidigt.
From some of our experiences where good early retirement options are available, though people talk of taking up these options in their earlier years of employment, when the time comes to take up the options they are Inclined to stay until full retirement age.
I de europæiske lande er man på nuværende tidspunkt ved at tage spørgsmålet omkring pensionsydelser op til en større revision, og disse overvejelser vil kunne føre til. ændringer.
In European countries at present, major reviews are taking place on benefits on retirement and out of these reviews changes may take place.
Der er utvivlsomt i et vist omfang behov for pensionistforberedelseskurser, navnlig i retning af at gøre de kommende pensionister opmærksom på, at de begynder på en ny del af deres tilværelse og i god tid i forvejen får dem til at overveje, hvorledes de vil bruge tiden.
Some preparation for retirement is undoubtedly required, especially on the lines of making people aware of the start of a new part of their life and making them think in plenty of time of how they are going to spend that new life.
Vi mener livet falder i tre faser - barndommen, arbejdslivet og pensionisttilværelsen.
Life, we feel is in three parts - childhood, working years and· retirement.
Der var enighed om, at rapporten og arbejdet i øvrigt med dette spørgsmål havde bidraget med en vis kvantificering af problemet, og i denne forbindelse måske vist, at problemerne ved pensionering ikke har helt den størrelse, som det på forhånd var forventet.
It was agreed that the report and the work in general on this matter have assisted to some extent in quantifying the problem, and from this aspect have perhaps shown that the problems of retirement are not quite as great as previously expected.
- økonomien er svag, - sociale forhold (bolig etc.) og - individuelle forhold (helbred, samvær med andre etc.).
The causes of the problems associated with the transition from a gainfully employed existence to a pensioner's existence may typically be classified into three categories: a) weak finances; b) social circumstances (housing, etc); c) personal circumstances (health, companionship with others, etc.).
Regeringsrepræsentanterne havde udover disse mere generelle betragtninger en række konkrete bemærkninger til forholdene i de enkelte lande, som de bl.a. er gengivet i rapporterne.
Representatives had a number of specific observations on conditions in the individual countries as set out in the reports.
PENSIONERINGS INDVIRKNING PÅ PENSIONEREDE ARBEJDSTAGERES LEVEVILKÅR udarbejdet af
The Impact of Retirement on the Living Conditions of
INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE side
Table of Contents
Undersøgelsens mål og opbygning
Objectives and Organisation
Demografisk baggrund
Demographic Background
Sociale og psykologiske virkninger
Social and Psychological Impact of Retirement
Konklusioner og anbefalinger vedr. politiske foranstaltninger
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
KAPITEL 1 : UNDERSØGELSENS MÅL OG OPBYGNING
CHAPTER 1:
Undersøgelsens tilblivelse
OBJECTIVES AND ORGANISATION
Denne rapport er et forsøg på at sammenfatte og samordne tre undersøgelser, som blev udført på Dublin-instituttets foranledning i 1983 i Belgien, Danmark og Irland.
This report attempts to summarise and co-ordinate three studies which were carried out at the request of the Foundation in 1983 in
Det oprindelige forskningsprojekt tog udgangspunkt i, at en længere forventet levetid kombineret med en gennemsnitlig lavere pensionsalder ville medføre, at der blev væsentligt flere pensionister i mange europæiske lande.
The basic impetus for the original research came from the belief that increased life expectancy, combined with a falling average retirement age, was producing in many European countries a substantial increase in the retired population.
Det stigende antal førtidspensionsordninger gør det nu muligt for folk at gå på pension, når de er forholdsvis unge og aktive.
The increasing provision of early retirement schemes makes it possible for people to go into retirement nowadays while they are relatively young and active.
Pludselig og fuldstændig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdslivet kan i ret alvorlig grad påvirke disse personers tilværelse.
The effect of sudden, complete cessation of employment on the lives of such people may be quite severe.
De vanskeligheder, nogle af dem kommer ud for, spænder fra økonomiske problemer (f.eks. indtjeningstab, for små pensioner) via sociale problemer (f.eks. at de mister kontakten med andre mennesker, bliver isoleret) til psykologiske problemer (f.eks. selvdisciplinen forsvinder, mindre selvagtelse).
The difficulties which some of them experience range from economic (e.g., loss of earnings, inadequate pensions) through social (e.g., loss of contact, isolation) to psychological (e.g., loss of morale, diminished self- esteem).
Et af hovedformålene med undersøgelserne var at belyse de politiske muligheder i forbindelse med pensionister.
One of the main aims of the studies was to illuminate the options for policy towards the retired.
I den sammenhæng er der bl.a. tale om følgende spørgsmål: forberedelse til tilbagetrækning; om pensioner og andre sociale ydelser er tilstrækkelig store; bestemte pensioneringsformer, f.eks. fordelene ved smidig og gradvis tilbagetrækning; ensomhed blandt pensionister, og i hvor stor udstrækning dette kan afhjælpes ved politiske indgreb.
Among the issues that arise here are: preparation for retirement; the adequacy of levels of financial benefit; the particular forms of retirement, for example, the advantages of flexible and gradual retirement; the degree of loneliness among the retired and how susceptible it is to policy intervention.
I retningslinierne for projektet understreges det, at formålet med undersøgelsen er at se på virkningen af pensionering og ikke "overgangen til alderdommen som helhed".
The guidelines for the project emphasise that the object of the study is the impact of retirement and not the "ageing process as a whole".
I februar 1983 havde forskerne et arbejdsgruppemøde for at drøfte, hvor langt man var kommet med fase I og udforme spørgeskemaerne til fase II.
February 1983 to discuss progress on Phase I of the research and to draft the questionnaires to be used in Phase II.
Det tredie og sidste møde blev afholdt i juli 1983.
A third and final meeting was held in July 1983.
Her drøftede man de foreløbige resultater af de tre undersøgelser og bestemte, i hvilken form den endelige rapport fra hvert land skulle fremlægges.
The preliminary results of the three studies were discussed and the form of the final report for each country determined.
Dette indebar væsentlige fordele, idet forskerne i kraft heraf kunne fokusere på problemer og politiske foranstaltninger, der var af særlig interesse i de enkelte lande.
After acceptance of the final reports, this consolidated report was drafted by the Economic and Social Research Institute in close collaboration with the Project
Denne rapport ligger nødvendigvis under for begrænsninger i kraft af disse forskellige fremgangsmåder.
Manager of the European Foundation, Wendy 0 Conghaile.
Vi har forsøgt at give en generel beskrivelse af situationen, således som den er fremstillet i hver rapport, og såvidt muligt
The views of the other participants were sought and incorporated.
Det er meget vigtigt, at læseren holder sig for øje, at det, at et emne overhovedet ikke er nævnt eller kun behandles summarisk i rapporten fra et bestemt land, ikke er ensbetydende med, at det pågældende spørgsmål er irrelevant i dette land.
It is very important for the reader to remember that, because a topic is not mentioned at all or is dealt with summarily in a particular country's report, this does not imply that the topic is irrelevant to that country.
Det kan tænkes, at forskerne var af den opfattelse, at der var andre spørgsmål, der var mere relevante i forbindelse med forskningsprojektet.
It may be that the researchers judged other topics to be of greater salience for the purposes of the research.
For så vidt angår de detaljerede resultater fra hvert land henvises læseren til de enkelte landerapporter.
For detailed results for each country, the reader is referred to the individual national reports.
De foreligger på fransk (den belgiske rapport) og dansk (den danske rapport) og i engelsk oversættelse.
These are available in French (Belgian report) and Danish (Danish report) and in
KAPITEL 2 : DEMOGRAFISK BAGGRUND
CHAPTER 2: DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND
Det vil derfor være passende først at se på aldersstrukturen i de tre lande i en europæisk sammenhæng.
It is, therefore, convenient to begin by setting the age structures of the three countries under consideration in their
Tabel A viser den nuværende procentdel af befolkningen, der er over 65 i hvert af de ti EF-lande samt officielle prognoser for årene fremover.
This is done in Table A which shows the current percentage of the population aged 65 and over in each of the ten EEC countries together with official projections for future years.