natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det skal endelig bemærkes, at det også i denne periode blev overvejet af en række videnskabelige eksperter, hvorvidt det var muligt at anvende zinkbacitracin i behandlingen af VRE, som er et særligt stort klinisk problem inden for humanmedicin.
It is reckoned that the consequences of any ban in those countries on antibiotics in feedingstuffs will be more negative than those observed in Sweden, both in terms of animal health (and thus in terms of antibiotic use for therapeutic or preventive purposes) and in economic terms (greater loss of profits).
I øvrigt kunne fællesskabsinstitutionerne i denne forbindelse med rimelighed tage i betragtning, at anvendelsen af antibiotika ikke er strengt nødvendig i husdyravlen, og at der findes alternative avlsmetoder, om end disse kan medføre højere omkostninger for husdyravlerne og i sidste ende for forbrugerne.
In reality, therefore, according to Alpharma, the contested regulation entails the risk to human health which it seeks to reduce and constitutes a manifestly inappropriate means of achieving the objective pursued.
Endelig fremgår det af den anfægtede forordnings artikel 3, at der i forbindelse med forbuddet mod brugen af zinkbacitracin som tilsætningsstof til foderstoffer er fastsat en overgangsperiode på seks måneder, hvorunder dette produkt fortsat kan markedsføres og benyttes i alle de stater, der ikke havde forbudt produktet før forordningens ikrafttrædelse, dvs. alle medlemsstater med undtagelse af Sverige og Danmark.
On the contrary, better animal husbandry and more hygienic farm conditions, in particular, have made it possible to reduce the use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes without affecting the competitiveness of farmers in those countries.
I en sådan situation kan der ikke rettes kritik mod fællesskabsinstitutionerne for at have besluttet sig for en generel, sammenhængende politik vedrørende den offentlige sundhed, der prioriterede en foreløbig tilbagekaldelse af tilladelserne for alle de antibiotika, der ligesom
Such positive effects cannot in themselves demonstrate that the ban on bacitracin zinc as a growth promoter is manifestly inappropriate given that the ban allows resistance in animals and the risk of transfer to humans to be reduced. Although in Alpharma's opinion,
Når henses til det anførte i det hele, fremstår inddragelsen af tilladelsen for zinkbacitracin ikke som en foranstaltning, der var åbenbart uforholdsmæssig i forhold til det forfulgte mål.
The Court notes that it is apparent from the documents before it that, particularly since Sweden banned the use of antibiotics as additives in 1986, several studies have been undertaken with a view to ascertaining the implications of
For så vidt som Alpharma derimod gør gældende, at fælles skabsins titu t ionerne begik fejl i forbindelse med denne afvejning, skal det bemærkes, at den anfægtede forordnings lovlighed kun ville kunne anfægtes, såfremt fællesskabsinstitutionerne anlagde et åbenbart urigtigt skøn ved valget af denne politik.
which is not shared by all scientists, withdrawal of the use of antibiotics such as bacitracin zinc makes it necessary to change farming methods in order to achieve the objective of reducing resistance in animals and the risk that it will be transferred to humans, and of avoiding too great a use for therapeutic purposes of other antibiotics in animals, the fact remains that such a measure is the prerogative of the Community legislature, on which the Treaty has conferred responsibility for defining the policy which appears to it to be the most appropriate and power to put into effect, should it deem it necessary, a readjustment of the common agricultural policy.
Det skal i den forbindelse for det første bemærkes, at den offentlige sundhed, som den anfægtede forordning skal sikre, må tillægges større vægt end økonomiske overvejelser.
It follows that the Court cannot accept Alpharma's argument that the contested regulation is manifestly inappropriate owing to the negative effects of withdrawing the authorisation of bacitracin zinc on animal health and, ultimately, human health.
Det er dernæst ikke bestridt at anvendelsen af antibiotika som vækstfremmemidler ikke er nødvendig for kødproduktionen.
The risk to human health arising from the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine is independent of the risk arising from the use of antibiotics as additives in feedingstuffs and adds a risk to the latter risk Since the Community institutions were entitled to conclude that the use of bacitracin zinc in feedingstuffs carries a risk that resistance to that product will develop in humans, the ban on that use constitutes an appropriate, albeit not the only, means of ensuring that the effectiveness of the present or potential use of that product in human medicine is not reduced, or indeed eliminated.
Det er endvidere ubestridt, at der forelå alternative løsninger til en sådan anvendelse, selv om disse løsninger, som det er anført af Alpharma, nødvendiggør ændringer af metoderne inden for husdyrhold og eventuelt kan føre til en forøgelse af produktionsomkostningerne og af prisen på kød.
In such circumstances, contrary to Alpharma's submission, the Community institutions could reasonably conclude that the adoption of measures intended to reduce the use of antibiotics in human medierne was not an alternative to withdrawing the authorisation of bacitracin zinc but came under the head of possible further action.
Der er imidlertid intet grundlag for at antage, at institutionerne i så henseende har foretaget et urimeligt politisk valg.
The fact that it might be necessary to adopt such further measures does not establish that the contested regulation was inappropriate.
IV — Spørgsmålet om tilsidesættelse af princippet om beskyttebe afden berettigede forventning
Second, Alpharma submits that the Community institutions could and should have gradually replaced bacitracin zinc as an additive in feedingstuffs rather than ban it immediately.
Under henvisning til en videnskabelig undersøgelse, der blev offentliggjort i 1996 (W. Verbeke og J. Viaene, »Environmental Impact of Using Feed Additives«, universitetet i Gent), har Alpharma navnlig anført, at forbuddet mod zinkbacitracin vil føre tU en mærkbar stigning i landbrugets driftsomkostninger, fordi større mængder foderstoffer vil blive nødvendige, og fordi de miljømæssige restriktioner vil blive skærpet som følge af den større produktion af gødning.
The Court observes that Alpharma has not established whether or how such measures would have allowed the objective pursued by the contested regulation to be achieved. In particular, Alpharma has not succeeded in rebutting the argument of the defendant and the interveners that such measures are ineffective since antimicrobial resistance is, in the view of the experts, a virtually irreversible phenomenon (see paragraph 269 above) and, therefore, is eliminated, if ever, only long after the antibiotic has ceased to be added to feedingstuffs.
De af Alpharma påberåbte dokumenter i sagen giver ikke grundlag for at konkludere, at fællesskabsinstitutionernehargivet virksomheden præcise tilsikringer, der kunne begrunde en berettiget forventning om, at der ikke ville blive truffet nogen beslutning vedrørende zinkbacitracin før udløbet af overvågningsprogrammet.
First, Alpharma observes that it is widely accepted among scientists that the development of antibiotic resistance in humans is primarily due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in general in human medicine.
For så vidt som Alpharma kritiserer institutionerne for, at de ikke i forbindelse med deres politiske valg gennemførte en cost/benefitevaluering, fremgår det af sagens akter, at en sådan evaluering er blevet foretaget i en række rapporter fra nationale organer, som var blevet forelagt for institutionerne under proceduren, der førte til vedtagelsen afden anfægtede forordning, og som blev undersøgt i Den Stående Komité.
However, the contested regulation was not apt to remedy that situation. Rather, the Community institutions should, according to Alpharma, first have taken measures to limit the uncontrolled sale of antibiotics, including bacitracin zinc, without a prescription.
Der findes navnlig i den nederlandske rapport en vurdering af de potentielle konsekvenser af et forbud mod antibiotika som vækstfremmemidler.
Since bacitracin zinc is used only to a negligible extent in human medicine, especially by comparison with its significant use in animals, those measures would not only have been less onerous, they would also have been more effective.
I øvrigt indeholder den svenske rapport en grundig analyse af erfaringerne i Sverige med hensyn til de økonomiske virkninger af, at man er ophørt med at bruge antibiotika som vækstfremmemidler.
That conclusion is borne out by the ESC opinion (point 4.2 of the opinion), where the committee noted that '[t]he rational use of antibiotics will best be ensured if over-the-counter sales of antibiotics [are] avoided'.
Endelig bemærkes, at i modsætning til hvad Alpharma har anført, indeholder pressemeddelelsen, der blev udsendt efter mødet i Rådet den 19. og 20. oktober 1998, ingen liste over de produkter, for hvilke det var blevet overvejet at inddrage godkendelsen.
Admittedly, it was stated above that bacitracin zinc has only a relatively limited use in human medicine and that, by comparison with the other antibiotics whose authorisations were withdrawn
Vedrørende skrivelsen af 8. juli 1998, som formanden for »UK-Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food« sendte til den britiske landbrugsminister, bemærkes, at den på ingen måde giver udtryk for en fællesskabsinstitutions opfattelse og derfor ikke med rette kan påberåbes til støtte for, at Alpharma havde en berettiget forventning.
The Court considers that, even on the assumption that the Community institutions had the power and the duty to adopt certain other measures to prevent an excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, which the Council disputes, that could
V — Spørgsmålet om tilsidesættebe af retten til kontradiktion
by the contested regulation, very few scientific data relating to bacitracin zinc were available when that measure was adopted.
I modsætning til hvad Alpharma gør gældende, kan retten til at blive hørt i forbindelse med en administrativ procedure vedrørende en bestemt person, hvilken ret skal overholdes, selv om der ikke er fastsat nogen bestemmelser vedrørende den pågældende procedure, ikke overføres tU en lovgivningsprocedure, der, som det er tilfældet i den foreliggende sag, fører til vedtagelsen af en almengyldig retsakt.
That conclusion is not called in question by the fact that Alpharma made significant investments to place bacitracin zinc on the market and that bacitracin zinc had been used for a very long period. It must be borne in mind that the importance of the objective pursued by the contested regulation, i.e. the protection of human health, may justify adverse consequences, and even substantial adverse consequences, for certain traders (Case C-183/95 Afftsh [1997], paragraph 42, and Fedesa and Others, cited above, paragraph 17).
Den omstændighed, at Alpharma — navnlig til forskel for landbrugerne — er umiddelbart og individuelt berørt af den anfægtede forordning, kan ikke ændre denne konklusion.
The protection of public health, which the contested regulation is intended to guarantee, must take precedence over economic considerations (see Affish, cited above, paragraph 43).
I den foreliggende sag indeholder den anfægtede forordning i betragtning 22 en begrundelse specielt vedrørende zi η kbaci t ra tin, der unægteligt er meget kortfattet Når forordningen imidlertid læses i sin sammenhæng, angiver den på en klar og tilstrækkelig vis, at det var fællesskabsinstitutionernes opfattelse, at brugen af zinkbacitracin som vækstfremmemiddel indebar en risiko for menneskers sundhed, navnlig på grund af stoffets dobbelte anvendelse både som tilsætningsstof til foderstoffer og som h n man medicinsk lægemiddel.
None the less, it should be borne in mind that during the years preceding adoption of the contested regulation scientists increasingly took the view that any dual use of antibiotics as additives in feedingstuffs and as human medicinal products entailed a risk to human health. Similarly, it was stated that new scientific experiments and observations concerning the transfer of antimicrobial resistance had been carried out during that period.
Det fremgår heraf, at der ifølge fællesskabsinstitutionerne uanset den rådende videnskabelige usikkerhed forelå tilstrækkelige videnskabelige data, således at de på grundlag af forsigtighedsprincippet kunne konkludere, at anvendelsen af zinkbacitracinsom tilsætningsstof til foderstoffer medfører resistens over for dette produkt hos dyr, og at denne resistens kan overføres fra dyr til mennesker med den virkning, at effektiviteten af zinkbacitracin som humanmedicinsk lægemiddel nedsættes.
Although those experiments and observations did not specifically concern bacitracin zinc and did not conclusively show that there was a link between the use of additives in animals and antimicrobial resistance in humans, they none the less led to a better understanding of the mechanism of the transfer of resistance as such and could reasonably be taken as scientific indications of the existence of such a link in the case of bacitracin zinc.
Fællesskabsinstitutionernes argumentation, som er udtrykt i den anfægtede forordning med hensyn til zinkbacitracin, er følgelig klar og utvetydig.
Last, it should be borne in mind that at that time scientists were contemplating the possibility that bacitracin zinc would be used to treat VRE, a particularly significant clinical problem in human medicine.
I øvrigt fremgår det af sagens akter, at Alpharma har kunnet afgive sine bemærkninger til den svenske rapport via Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland, der var indberettende medlemsstat for zinkbacitracin, og at virksomheden blev modtaget af Kommissionens tjenestegrene før vedtagelsen af den anfægtede forordning.
In addition, withdrawal of the authorisation of bacitracin zinc as a growth promoter is a provisional measure which is subject to the Community institutions' duty of re-examination, as is clear from Article 2 of the contested regulation.
Alpharma har følgelig i et vist omfang haft mulighed for at meddele sin opfattelse under den procedure, der førte til vedtagelsen af den anfægtede forordning.
Finally, it is apparent from Article 3 of the contested regulation that the ban on the use of bacitracin zinc as an additive in feedingstuffs was subject to a transitional period of six months, during which the product could continue to be marketed and used in those States which had not banned the product before entry into force of the measure, i.e. all the Member States apart from Sweden and Denmark.
Da ingen af de anbringender, der er blevet gjort gældende over for den anfægtede forordning, er blevet taget til følge, må Rådet frifindes.
In the light of the foregoing, the withdrawal of the authorisation of bacitracin zinc does not appear to be manifestly disproportionate to the objective pursued.
VI — Spørgsmålet om tilsidesættelse af begrundelsespligten
Furthermore, the Community institutions could in that context reasonably take account of the fact that the use of antibiotics is not strictly necessary in animal husbandry and that there are alternative methods of husbandry even if they can lead to higher costs for farmers and, ultimately, consumers.
2) Alpharma bærer sine egne omkostninger samt de af Rådet afholdte omkostninger, herunder omkostningerne vedrørende sagen om foreløbige forholdsregler.
In such a situation, the Community institutions are not to be criticised for having opted for a coherent general public health policy consisting in promoting the provisional withdrawal of the authorisations of all antibiotics which, like bacitracin zinc, were used both in human medicine and as additives in feedingstuffs and, at the same time, in proceeding with current scientific research into, in particular, resistance to that product.
3) Kommissionen, Kongeriget Sverige, Republikken Finland og Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland bærer deres egne omkostninger, såvel i hovedsagen som i sagen om foreløbige forholdsregler.*
Referring to the fourth principle of the Draft Guidelines and to point 6.3.4. of the Communication on the Precautionary Principle, Alpharma claims that as far as it is aware no cost/benefit analysis of the ban on bacitracin zinc was ever carried out.
Sag T-127/00 Michael Nevin / Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber Tjenestemandsvedtægten
However, there is nothing to suggest that the policy choice made by the Community institutions was unreasonable in that regard.
»Tjenestemænd — udlandstillæg — artikel 4, stk. 1, litra a), i bilag VII til vedtægten — tjeneste for en international organisation* (Fjerde Afdeling)
Relying, in particular, on a scientific study published in 1996 (W. Verbeke and J. Viaene, 'Environmental Impact of Using Feed Additives', University of Gent), Alpharma submits that the ban on bacitracin zinc will entail significantly higher farming costs owing to the larger volumes of feed required and to greater environmental constraints because more manure is produced.
»Antidumping — afslutning af en procedure — ligebehandlingsprincippet — en oprindelig undersøgelse i en procedure, der gennemføres samtidig med en fornyet undersøgelse i en anden procedure — artikel 11, stk. 2, i forordning (EF) nr. 384/96 —forordning om afslutning af antidumpingprocedurer — tilbagevirkende gyldighed* (Fjerde Udvidede Afdeling)
As regards Alpharma's complaint that the institutions, when making their policy choice, did not carry out a cost/benefit analysis, it is apparent from the documents before the Court that an assessment of that kind was made in several of the reports by international bodies which had been submitted to the institutions during the procedure culminating in adoption of the contested regulation and which were examined by the Standing Committee.
Sagens faktiske omstændigheder vedrørte endelig opkrævning afden midlertidige antidumpingtold, som ændret Rådet udstedte den 13. juni 1994 ligeledes forordning (EF) nr. 1384/94 om indførelse af en endelig antidumpingtold på importen af elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Republikken Korea og Taiwan.
However, as regards Alpharma's claim that the Community institutions made errors when weighing up the various options, the Court observes that the legality of the contested regulation could be called in question only if the institutions had made a manifest error of assessment in deciding upon their policy.
Sagsøgeren, Europe Chemi-Con (Deutschland) GmbH, er et 100% ejet datterselskab af Nippon Chemi-Con Inc. (herefter »NCC«), der har hjemsted i Tokyo (Japan). NCC producerer visse store elektrolytkondensatorer med aluminiumplade (herefter »elektrolytkondensatorer«).
Contrary to Alpharma's argument, the right to be heard in an administrative procedure taken against a specific person, which must be observed, even in the absence of any rules governing the procedure in question, cannot be transposed to a legislative procedure leading, as in the present case, to the adoption of a measure of general application.
Sagsøgeren er eneforhandler og -importør i Det Europæiske Fællesskab af de elektrolytkondensatorer, der produceres af NCC.
In that regard, it is appropriate to begin by observing that public health, which the contested regulation is intended to protect, must take precedence over economic considerations.
Rådet indførte en endelig antidumpingtold på importen af elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan ved forordning (EØF) nr. 3482/92 af 30. november 1992, der også
Nor is it disputed that there were alternatives to that practice, even though, as Alpharma maintains, those alternatives make it essential to alter farming methods and may entail higher production costs and higher meat prices.
Efter offentliggørelsen den 3. juni 1997 af en meddelelse om det forestående udløb af gyldigheden af antidumpingforanstaltningerne mod importen af visse elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan fremsatte Federation for Appropriate Remedial Anti-Dumping en anmodning om en fornyet undersøgelse i henhold til grundforordningens artikel 11, stk. 2.
Furthermore, it is apparent from the documents before the Court that Alpharma was able to submit its observations on the Swedish report through the United Kingdom, the Member State acting as rapporteur for bacitracin zinc, and was received by Commission officers before the contested regulation was adopted. To a certain extent, therefore, Alpharma was able to make known its views during the procedure which led to the adoption of the contested regulation.
Kommissionen besluttede ligeledes på eget initiativ at indlede en interimundersøgelse af samme antidumpingforanstaltningeri henhold til artikel 11, stk. 3, i grundforordningen med henblik på at overveje virkningerne for dumping og skade af ændrede omstændigheder i forbindelse med den tekniske udvikling for varen samt markedsforholdene.
(Anti-dumping — Termination of proceedings — Principle of equal treatment — Initial investigation in one procedure coinciding with a review in another procedure —Article 11(2) of Regulation (EC) No 384/96 — Regulation terminating antidumping procedures — Retroactivity) (Fourth Chamber, Extended Composition)
Sagsøgeren og Kommissionen havde mellem den 31. maj 1999 og den 2. november 1999 en brevveksling, og der blev holdt en høring den 15. juni 1999.
The Council imposed a definitive antidumping duty on imports into the Community of LAECs originating in Japan by Regulation (EEC) No
Sagsøgeren krævede under hele proceduren, at den fornyede undersøgelse — og dermed antidumpingproceduren — afsluttedes med tilbagevirkende kraft fra den 4. december 1997, på hvilken dato den antidumpingtold udløb, der i 1992 blev indført på importen af visse elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan.
Throughout the proceedings, the applicant stressed that the termination of the review and hence of the antidumping proceedings should have retroactive effect as from 4 December 1997, the date of expiry of the antidumping duties imposed in 1992 on imports of LAECs originating in Japan.
Kommissionen offentliggjorde derfor den 3. december 1997 en meddelelse om indledning af en fornyet undersøgelse af antidumpingforanstaltningerne vedrørende importen af visse elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan.
Consequently, on 3 December 1997, the Commission announced the initiation of a review of the antidumping measures applicable to imports of certain LAECs originating in Japan.
Antidumpingtolden på importen af visse elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan blev i henhold til grundforordningens artikel 11, stk. 2, opkrævet i den periode, hvori den fornyede undersøgelse forløb.
The antidumping duties on imports of certain LAECs originating in Japan continued to be collected while the review was being carried out, in accordance with Article 11(2) of the basic regulation.
Ved forordning (EF) nr. 173/2000 af 24. januar 2000 om afslutning af antidumpingprocedurerne vedrørende importen af visse elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan, Republikken Korea og Taiwan (EFT L 22, s. 1, herefter »den anfægtede forordning«) besluttede Rådet, at da der ikke gjaldt foranstaltningerover for USA og Kongeriget Thailand, ville det være ensbetydende med forskelsbehandling at indføre nogen som helst antidumpingforanstaltninger mod importen af visse elektrolytkondensatorer med oprindelse i Japan, Republikken Korea og Taiwan. Den anfægtede forordning bestemmer bl.a.:
By Regulation (EC) No 173/2000 of 24 January 2000 terminating the antidumping proceedings concerning imports of certain LAECs originating in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan ('the contested regulation'), the Council decided that, in the absence of measures against the United States of America and the Kingdom of Thailand, the imposition of any antidumping measures on imports of LAECs originating in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan was discriminatory.