natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der var ikke den store for skel på mænd og kvinder, hvorimod det også her var blandt de tid ligere ufaglærte for kvindernes og ufaglærte og faglærte under ét for mændenes vedkommende, at der fandtes den største andel af personer, der var nedslidte og/eller havde pådraget sig varige skader under arbejdet.
It may be added at the same time that more than half the women (aged between 62 and 64 in 1962) have never been in employment, which may be compared with the 1977 survey of old people in which it was found that only just more than one third of those aged between 62 and 64 were recorded as working at home. In this respect a generation effect associated with the increasing involvement of women in employment is clearly visible.
En trediedel af mændene og godt en fjerdedel af kvinderne mente, at tilbagetrækningen i sig selv havde haft en positiv indflydel se på deres helbred, mens dobbelt så stor en andel af kvinderne som af mændene mente, det havde haft en negativ indflydelse (6,8% mod 3,3% - jfr. tabel 7.1.8.).
The description of the living conditions of old people will take account of each of the individual factors which are considered to be an important part of the overall concept of living conditions. These are as follows: the state of health; personal finances; housing conditions; social relationships and activities, and the Social and Health Services.
Der var iøvrigt forholdsvis flest blandt de tidligst tilbagetruk ne, der fandt en positiv effekt, nemlig 34% af de der havde truk ket sig tilbage inden eller ved 65-års alderen mod 19% af de, der
Each of the factors will be examined separately, in full awareness of the fact that they interact with each other and in so doing contribute to overall living conditions not only on their own account, but also via the effects created by the aforementioned interaction.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de føler sig nedslid­te som flg. af deres arbejde eller de har pådraget sig varige ska­der under arbejdet, samt efter den stilling de har haft længst he­le livet, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Each individual aspect will be examined with regard to the rules, regulations and other circumstances within Danish society which are considered to be of significance to the situation as it is experienced by old people.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de mener, at tilbage­trækningen i sig selv har haft nogen indflydelse på deres helbred samt efter køn. Pet.
The health visitor system is run by the Local Authority; it Is provided when prescribed by a doctor, and its primary aim is to provide after-care and rehabilitation in the patient's own home.
Hvad angår den psykiske tilstand, var det især mændene, der hav­ de oplevet en gunstig ændring som følge af tilbagetrækningen. Som det ses af tabel 7.1.9. mente 28% af disse, at arbejdsophøret havde haft en positiv indflydelse på deres humør mod kun 19% af kvinderne.
Dentists, physiotherapists and chiropodists, etc., also practise via agreements entered into with the public health insurance system, although in their case patients are liable to pay fees at various levels depending on the nature of the services provided and possibly on the category of patient.
Omvendt var der 14% af kvinderne mod 7% af mændene, der mente, at arbejdsophøret i sig selv havde haft en direkte
Pensioners, however, are able to apply to the Local Authority for a personal supplement to their State pension to cover the cost of any such treatment which is needed.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de mener, at tilbage trækningen i sig selv har haft nogen indflydelse på deres humør, samt efter køn. Pet.
Grants are paid by the national health insurance system in respect of certain types of medicine, in addition to which pensioners are able to apply to the Local Authority for a medicines card which reduces their costs considerably or off-sets them completely.
Positiv indflydelse
Statistics and research findings
Samtidig var der forholdsvis flest re af de tidligt end af de sent pensionerede, der mente, at ar bejdsophøret havde haft en positiv indflydelse på deres humør, hvorimod der ikke sås nogen sammenhæng mellem den humørmæssige situation og civilstanden.
It is estimated that about one half of hospital expenditure and about one quarter of the services provided by the national health insurance system for the primary Health Service are used in the treatment of persons aged more than 65 years (who account for about one seventh of the total, population).
78% fandt ikke, det havde været svært at vænne sig til pensio nisttilværelsen, mens 16% syntes, det havde været svært, heraf de 4% endda meget svært (jfr. tabel 7.1.10).
As far as the utilization of the hospital service is concerned, a survey conducted in Denmark in 1973 revealed that patients aged more than 60 accounted for 29 per cent of admissions, but that since these old people tend to remain in hospital for a longer period than younger persons, they took up 46 per cent of the available bed-days, i.e. almost half of the beds available at any given time were occupied by elderly patients.
Kun 3% oplevede ar bejdsophøret som et stort savn, 15% nærmest som et savn, mens
In 1979* 26 out of every 100 persons over 60 years of age were admitted to somatic hospitals for, on average, 16 days of hospitalization.
56% fandt, at det var en lettelse at være fri for at skulle op og på arbejde hver dag (jfr. tabel 7.1.11.).
Among the 40-50-year-olds the corresponding figures were 13 persons and 8 days, i.e. exactly half as many (Social Year-Book).
Set i sammenhæng med årsagen til tilbagetrækningen - om den var sket efter eget ønske,eller man havde været tvunget dertil af helbredsmæssige eller andre grunde - fremgår det, at der var for holdsvis flest blandt de ufrivilligt tilbagetrukne, der havde
The internal medical wards in particular have large numbers of old patients, and it is in this area that the problem of 'social admissions' arises, i.e. those admissions which are made for predominantly social reasons and which have no immediate need for diagnosis or treatment.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de synes, de har haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværel­sen, n=524.
- 56 - showed that about 40 per cent of acute admissions over the age of 65 were admitted either wholly or partly for social reasons.
34 22 m haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværelsen, og som oplevede arbejdsophøret som et savn (jfr. tabel 7.1.12. og
The SFI survey of old people revealed that 25 per cent of men and 31 per cent of women (aged 62 and above) had consulted a doctor within the last month, whereas their last contact with a doctor had been more than one year ago for 43 per cent of men and 23 per cent of women (SFI 32).
Af samme tabeller fremgår det endvidere, at det især var kvin­ derne, der savnede det at skulle op og på arbejde hver dag (23% mod 14% af mændene), ligesom der også var en lidt større andel af kvinderne end af mændene, der syntes, de havde haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværelsen (18% mod 14%).
If we assume that the average level of expenditure on medicines for each inhabitant is 100, the level of expenditure in the various age groups will be as follows (Statistical review of living conditions in Denmark, 1980):
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de savner det, at skulle op og på arbejde hver dag, eller det snarere er en lettelse at være fri for, samt efter om de havde trukket sig tilbage efter eget ønske, eller de havde været tvunget dertil af helbredsmæssige eller andre grunde, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Percentage of persons aged 20 - 69 who stated that they have various physical health problems, by sex and by age.
De interviewede, fordelt efter om de synes, de har haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværelsen samt efter stilling umiddelbart før tilbagetrækningen, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Percentage of persons aged 20 - 69 who stated that they have various mental health problems, by sex and by age.
Ufaglærte Faglærte Underord Overordnede nede
20 - 29 years 30 - 39 years 40 - 49 years 50 - 59 years 60 - 69 years
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter, om de savner det at skulle op og på arbejde hver dag, eller det snarere er en lettelse at være fri for, samt efter stilling umiddelbart før tilbagetrækningen, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to their assessment of their own health and according to the nature of the job they had worked in for the longest time during their life; men and women shown separately (m = men; w = women).
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de synes, de har haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværelsen, samt efter ci vilstand, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they experience long-term problems with their health or mobility which reduces the general level of their daily activities, and according to the job they had worked in for the longest time during their life; men and women shown separately (m = men; w = women).
Ikke gift
Selfemployed
Ikke svært m k
White- collar workers
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de synes, de har haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværelsen, samt efter urbanisering, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
One third of the men and a good quarter of the women were of the opinion that retirement in itself had had a positive effect on their health, whilst twice as many women as men felt that it had had a negative effect (6.8%, as against 3.3%; cf.
Ikke svært m k
Percentage values.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de synes, de har haft svært ved at vænne sig til pensionisttilværelsen, samt efter om de har måttet sætte levefoden ned efter tilbagetrækningen, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they believe that retirement in itself has had any effect on their health, and by sex.
Ikke leve foden ned
Positive effect
Det viste sig endvidere, at der var relativ god overensstemmelse ellem de forventninger, man havde stillet til tilbagetrækningen, og den måde man siden reagerede på.
As far as their physical condition is concerned, it was the men in particular who had experienced a favourable change as the result of retirement.
Af dem, der havde set frem med forventning, var der kun ca. 6%, der savnede arbejdet efter til bagetrækningen, mens der af dem der havde set frem med bekymring var ca. 45%, der savnede arbejdet.
As can be seen from table 7.1.9, 28% of men believed that stopping work had had a positive effect on their mood, whilst only 19% of women felt this to be the case.
Derimod sås der ingen sammenhæng mellem det antal år, man havde været på pension eller efterløn, og savnet af det at skulle op og på arbejde hver dag.
On the other hand 14% of women, as against 7% of men, believed that stopping work in itself had had a directly negative effect on their mood.
Økonomi.
Table 7.1.9
Baggrund.
Percentage values.
Pensionerne er finan-
Positive effect
Efter skat udgør folkepensionen for den enlige pensionist ca. 40 pet. og for pensionistægteparret ca. 60 pet. af en gennemsnitlig industriarbejderløn, som er på ca. 120.000 kr. årligt.
The number who had experienced a negative effect on their mood was twice as high amongst those who had been obliged to lower their standard of living as a result of retirement than amongst those for whom this had not been the case.
ATP­ydelsen bestemmes af anciennitet i ordningen og kan maximalt beløbe sig til 4.000 kr. om året. Der er således tale om et be­ skedent pensionstillæg.
At the same time, rather more of those who had taken an early pension than those who had retired late felt that stopping work had had a positive effect on their mood, although no connection was observed between mood and marital status.
D.v.s. at man de første 2\ år får maximalt ca. 105.000 kr. om året, svarende til de 90 pet. af den gennemsnit­ lige lønindtægt, som udgør den højeste dagpengesats.
78% did not feel that it had been difficult to accustom themselves to life as a pensioner, although 16% claimed that they had found this difficult, with 4% having found it very difficult (cf.
Pensionen udgør maximalt om­ kring 2/3 af slutlønnen (ved 37 års tjeneste) mens det mindste beløb er på 1/6 af lønnen (efter de 10 års tjenestetid, der er en forudsætning for overhovedet at kunne få pension).
Only 3% had experienced a sense of real loss in stopping work, and 15% had experienced some feeling of loss, whereas 56% felt a sense of relief from the need to get up and go to work every day (cf. Table 7.1.11).
Med hensyn til de privat etablerede pensioner er det ikke muligt at fastlægge nogen størrelsesorden, da der er tale om ordninger med vidt forskelligt indhold.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they feel that they found it difficult to accustom themselves to life as a pensioner, n = 524.
Det viser sig, at 55 pet. af alle husstande har en form for al- derdomsopsparing.
When viewed in the context of the reason for retirement - i.e. whether retirement was voluntary, or whether the person was obliged to retire for health or other reasons - what emerges is that rather more of those who took involuntary retirement had experienced difficulty in becoming accustomed to life as a pensioner and had felt a sense of loss on stopping work (cf.
An dre 10 pet. var medlem af en pensionskasse, mens 27 pet. ha-'de tegnet en livsforsikringskontrakt og 15 pet. de såkaldte index- kontrakter.
The same Tables also show that it was particularly the women who missed having to get up and go to work every day (23%, as against 14% of men), and that a slightly larger proportion of women than men had found it difficult to accustom themselves to life as a pensioner (18%, as against 14%).
Folkepens. og anden off. hjælp
frequency general feeling of relief
Forbrugets fordeling 1976.
Men (m) and women (w) shown separately.
(Danmarks Statistik, Forbrugsurdersøg.) funktionærer arbejdere pensioni.', ter
Percentage values.
Den gennemsnitlige, personlige brutto-indkomst pr. måned, fordelt efter stilling længst hele livet, særskilt for mænd og kvinder.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they miss the need to have to get up and go to work every day or feel relief at not having to do this, and according to whether they had retired voluntarily or had been obliged to retire for health or other reasons; men (m) and women (w) shown separately.
kr/måned Kvinder
Percentage values.
Mænd
Voluntarily
Gennemsnitsindkomsten varierede tillige med alderen, fra 6.600 kr, for de 60-63 årige til 4.300 for de 70-72 årige.
Of those who had experienced difficulty in becoming accustomed to life as a pensioner, the relatively largest proportion was made up of unskilled workers and the smallest proportion was made up of clerical whitecollar workers (cf.
5.200 kr. i det øvrige land.
Table 7.1.15).
70% af de interviewede havde én eller to indkomstkilder, 19% hav de tre og 10% mellem fire og seks. Der var ingen entydig sammen hæng mellem antallet af indkomstkilder og hhv. køn og alder.
It is clear from Table 7.1.16 that relatively more of the non-married than the married persons had experienced difficulty in adjusting to life as a pensioner.
Sammenhængen mellem indkomst, køn og stilling fremgår desuden af tabel 7.2.4., hvoraf det ses, at kun 11% af kvinderne mod 44% af mændene havde personlige indkomster på mere end 7.000 kr. om må neden, mens 4 5% af kvinderne mod 2 5% af mændene havde mindre end
The difference was greatest in the case of the men, of whom 25% of the non-married as against 11% of the married individuals had felt that it was difficult to adjust, whereas the corresponding figures for the women were 19% and 15% respectively.
De interviewede fordelt efter deres samlede, månedlige bruttoindkomst, samt efter den stilling de har haft længst hele livet, særskilt for mænd og kvinder. Pet.
Respondents, distributed according to whether they feel that they experienced difficulty in adjusting to life as a pensioner and according to their job immediately before retirement. Men (m) and women (w) shown separately.
Kr./måned
Workers
Selv Medhjælp, Ufagi.
Managerial gerial
Mere end 7.000 m k
Difficult m w
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de har måttet sætte levefoden ned efter tilbagetrækningen, samt efter hvilken pensionsform, de var overgået til, da de trak sig tilbage. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they miss having to get up and go to work every day or whether it is a relief not to have to do this, and according to their job immediately before retirement. Men (m) and women (w) shown separately.
Pensionerede lønmodtagere fordelt efter om de har måttet sætte levefoden ned efter tilbagetrækningen, samt efter hvilken stilling de havde umiddelbart forud for tilbagetrækningen. Pet.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they feel that they experienced difficulty in adjusting to life as a pensioner and according to their marital status; men (m) and women (w) shown separately.
Arbejdere
Not married
Måtte sætte le vefoden ned
Not difficult m w
I dag er det mere almin deligt, at pensionistboligerne er integreret i det almennyttige boligbyggeri (jvf. ovenfor), hvorved de udgør mindre enheder af en større samlet bebyggelse.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they feel that they experienced difficulty in adjusting to life as a pensioner and according to their place of residence; men (m) and women (w) shown separately. Percentage values.
Endvidere er der installeret kaldeanlæg, således at man døgnet rundt kan få hjælp i akutte tilfælde. Der er adgang til visse serviceydelser som fx. måltider og vaskeservice, ligesom der er indrettet fælleslokaler, hvor beboerne har mulighed for at være sammen.
At the same time, it was those who had been obliged to reduce their standard of living as a result of retirement who encountered most difficulty in adjusting to life as a pensioner (21%, as against 12% of those who had not been obliged to reduce their standard of living); (cf, Table 7.1.18).
Opstår der så senere vanskeligheder, betyder den særlige indretning og den service- og bistandsmulig- hed, der er tilknyttet boligerne, at selv meget omfattende funk tionsnedsættelser kan klares, uden at det bliver nødvendigt at flytte på plejehjem.
Pensioned wage-earners, distributed according to whether they feel that they experienced difficulty in adjusting to life as a pensioner and according to whether they had been obliged to reduce their standard of living after retirement; men (m) and women (w) shown separately.
Derudover betales for de forskellige service-
No reduction in standard of living
Tildelingen af en beskyttet bolig forudsætter i modsætning til kollektivboligen en visitation, dvs. at den ældre skal have et så stort behov for hjælp og bistand, at det ikke længere er mu ligt at fortsætte i den hidtidige bolig.
It was also found that relatively good agreement existed between their feelings of anticipation towards retirement and the manner in which respondents had reacted to it.
Denne pålægger kommunerne at sørge for, at der findes det nødvendige antal beskyttede boliger, bereg net for personer, der ikke kan klare sig i en almindelig bolig, men hvis tilstand dog ikke nødvendiggør optagelse på plejehjem.
Of those who had been looking forward to retirement only about 6% actually missed their work after retirement, whereas of those who had viewed retirement with concern about 45% actually missed their work.
Boligen er indrettet med henblik på handicappede og med de køk ken- og badefaciliteter, der hører til en selvstændig lejlighed.
On the other hand, no connection was observed between the number of years for which the respondents had been in receipt of a pension or interim pension and their sense of loss at not having to get up and go to work every day.
Beskyttede boliger kan være opført som selvstændige bygninger eller som nogle opgange i almindeligt boligbyggeri.
The Danish pension system may be divided up into three levels:
Ikke sjæl dent opføres de i tilknytning til og drives i samarbejde med plejehjem.
A. the lowest level, made up of the State social pensions;
Det kan være kommunen selv eller en selvejende insti tution, der står for opførelse og drift af de beskyttede boliger, det er kommunen, der har indstillingsretten og som fastsætter huslejen.
B. the middle level, made up of the labour market supplementary pension and the interim pension scheme which is linked to the unemployment benefit offices;
Plejehjemmene er bestemt for personer med så omfattende omsorgs- og plejebehov, at de ikke kan klare sig i nogen anden bolig.
C. the highest level, with a superstructure which includes the Civil Service pensions, the private pension schemes and the pension schemes set up in conjunction with the employers.
Det er institutioner, hvor hver beboer har sit eget værelse, på nyere plejehjem med eget bad.
These pensions provide a safety net, but with a relatively low level of payments.
Der er fælles opholds- og spise stue samt lokaler til beskæftigelse, fysioterapi m.v. Beboerne
The pensions are financed by means of taxes via the so-called distribution system, and no contribution is paid by the employers, which is the case in a number of other countries.
Det er kommunen, der har ansvaret for oprettelse og drift af plejehjemmene.
Each type of pension is subject to a number of conditions relating to age, residence and citizenship.
Rent praktisk foregår det ofte i samarbejde med en selvejende institution, som så forestår driften ved overens komst med kommunen.
The early pensions also include other conditions relating to health, sex or special social and employment circumstances.
Som betaling for opholdet bliver beboernes pension inddraget med undtagelse af et mindre beløb til person lige fornødenheder.
The basic amount of the State pension is payable to all persons aged more than 67, or 62 in the case of single women.
Derudover betales 6 0 pet. af evt. yderlige re indtægter.
The State pension is subject to a means test for all persons aged less than 67.
De eksisterende plejehjem er ikke nogen ensartet institutions- type med et bestemt indhold.
The earliest date on which this pension can be paid is the recipient's 67th birthday, and the amount payable is not meanstested.
Der findes institutioner med vidt forskellige faciliteter, bygningsstandard, personalenormering og beboersammensætning.
The graduated pension is financed by contributions paid both by the employee (1/3) and the employer (2/3), via the so-called fund-formation system.
Plejehjemmene kan således spænde fra de gamle, såkaldte alderdomshjem, der fortrinsvis var indret tet for stort set selvhjulpne beboere, til de meget moderne in stitutioner, der nærmest er at sammenligne med små hospitaler og hvor beboerne er yderst plejekrævende.
Interim pension is a comparatively new type of pension arrangement which came into force on 01.01.1979. In order to be entitled to receive an interim pension, the person concerned must have been a member of a State-approved unemployment fund for at least 10 years during the last 15 years, and must have reached his or her 60th birthday but must be aged less than 67.
Der er i de senere år sket en vis opbremsning i udbygningen med nye plejehjem, hvilket bl.a. skyldes, at ældrepolitikken er un der omlægning med stigende vægt på andre foranstaltninger og boligformer, som fx. beskyttede boliger og kollektivboliger samt intensiveret støtte i hjemmene bl.a. ved døgnberedskab.
A person receiving an interim pension also has the right to work for up to 200 hours per year without this affecting payment of the interim pension.
Som tidligere nævnt bor størstedelen af de danske pensionister i eget hjem i den almindelige boligmasse. Kun ca. 40.000 svaren de til mindre end 6 pet. af samtlige pensionister bor i særligt indrettede ældreboliger, mens 50.000 svarende til ca. 7 pet. bor på plejehjem.
Note to C. The highest level, which is a type of superstructure over and above the State pension schemes, includes the Civil Service pensions and those pension schemes which are entered into privately or in conjunction with an employer.