natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
flere menneskers ønske om større deltagelse i samfundsdebatten og beslutningstagningen i samfundet.
This has led to a comprehensive presentation of the Foundation's work in an address to the European Parliament's Committee on Women's Rights and to strengthen contacts with the I Commission services dealing swith equal opportunities between men and women.
1989-1992 kunne det imidlertid se ud, som om Instituttet har overset spørgsmålene omkring lige muligheder for mænd og kvinder og betydningen af udviklingen i leve- og arbejdsvilkår i EF for de to køn.
conditions in the European Community.
- at indgå kontrakt om en undersøgelse af det nuværende og planlagte arbejde for at vurdere, hvordan kvindespørgsmål behandles, og hvordan der kan ske forbedringer;*
planned work in order to assess how it is dealing with women's issues and how this could be improved;*
- at give ansvaret for kvindespørgsmål på tværs af alle Instituttets programområder til én forskningsleder;
- to allocate special responsibility for women's issues across all themes of its programmes to one programme manager;
Arbejdsprogrammet for 1989-1992 var opbygget omkring disse større ændringer og omfatter seks emner.
- to publicise better what it is already doing; built around these major changes and comprises six themes.
De fokuserer på arbejdsmarkedsforhold, nye former for arbejde, arbejdsmiljø, miljø, levevilkår og ny teknologi.
They focus on industrial relations, new forms of work, health and safety, environment, living conditions and new technology.
Intet område i programmet er specielt afsat til
No area of the programme is devoted specifically to women's issues.
Da kvinderne udgør halvdelen af EF's befolkning, er de naturligvis optaget og berørt af de sociale og økonomiske ændringsprocesser, der beskrives i Instituttets
Naturally, as half of the Community's population, women are concerned and affected by the processes of social and economic change identified in the Foundation's programme.
Det har også været muligt for mig at deltage i en række internationale seminarer og konferencer om kvindespørgsmål, herunder det internationale symposium om sunde byer vedrørende Kvinde-, sundheds- og byplanlægningspolitik i Wien og en konference afholdt af WHO/FNPM om Folkesundhed i Sundsvall, Sverige.
It has also been possible for me to participate in a number of international seminars and conferences relating to women's issues, such as at the International Healthy Cities Symposium on Women, Health and Urban Policies in Vienna and the WHO/UNEP conference on Action for Public Health and Supportive Environments in Sundsvall, Sweden.
- at gøre bedre reklame
In Ireland the Foundation
allerede haft held til at kombinere arbejde og hjem; nu skal vi have mændene til at gøre det samme".
subcommittee on family affairs commented during a recent visit to the Foundation, "Women have already managed to combine work and home; now we have to make men do it". * Review of European Foundation Studies 19851992 and its Implications for Women.
Set i lyset af den hurtige politiske, sociale og økonomiske udvikling, der kommer til at ske i det
All publications (except where otherewise indicated) are available nationally
Kvinder og bevægelighed pendlende kvinder, navnlig som følge af stress.
Women on the move health complaints among women travellers, particularly related to stress.
Kvinder har i almindelighed en lavere bevægelighed end mænd på grund af deres køn og sociale roller, hvilket berører alle områder i deres tilværelse, ikke blot hvordan og om de kan rejse.
In general, women tend to have lower mobility than men, owing to their gender and social roles, which affect all areas of their life-style, not merely their travel circumstances.
næste årti, var der også betydelig støtte til tanken om i fremtiden at tildele midler til helt specifikt arbejde vedrørende kvindespørgsmål.
faced in the coming decade there was also considerable support for the idea of a more specific allocation of resources in the future to work specifically focusing on women's issues.
arbejdstilladelse. Da mange kvinder kommer ind i medlemsstaterne som turister eller som personer, der forsørges af andre, og ikke som egentlige arbejdstagere, har de større problemer end mænd.
Dublin was the venue where the 1990 Woman of Europe was awarded to Dr. Niki Goulandris by President Mary Robinson and the Foundation hosted a dinner to mark the occasion.
Analysen afdækker også, hvordan kvindernes
In July the Women's Rights Committee of the Irish Parliament visited the Foundation for an exchange of information.
Dublin, at den irske præsident, Mary Robinson, tildelte Dr. Niki Goulandris den europæiske kvindepris for 1990, og Instituttet var vært ved en middag, hvor begivenheden blev markeret.
This more recent report supports the importance of these issues and extends the analysis indicating the disadvantages sometimes experienced by female migrants in relation to residence and work permits.
I juli aflagde Komiteen for Kvinders Rettigheder fra det irske parlament besøg på Instituttet, hvor der blev udvekslet information.
Since many women enter Member States as dependents or tourists rather than as workers in their own rights, they have greater problems than men.
familiemæssige ansvar normalt er hæmmende for deres boligmæssige og beskæftigelsesmæssige bevægelighed.
The way in which women's residential and employment mobility is usually constrained by the nature of their family responsibilities is also covered.
Husmødre, der opnår arbejde på deltid, øger deres daglige rejsetid med 30%.
Housewives returning to part time work increase their daily travel by 30%.
Af tidligere forskning udført af Instituttet om pendling fremgik det, at kvinder normalt har kortere til arbejde, er mere afhængige af offentlig transport og ofte kombinerer turen til arbejde med andre gøremål, f.eks. at følge børn i skole, foretage indkøb og andre servicefunktioner.
In the development of any new programme on women, the Foundation will take account of its specific role and capacity, especially its ability to deal with living and working conditions in an integrated way.
Det blev også bekræftet, at der er større sygelighed hos
As a member of the Council of Europe
(Forts på s. 4)
In approving the
Når der udarbejdes nye projekter om kvinder, vil Instituttet tage hensyn til sin særlige rolle og kapacitet, især evnen til at arbejde med leve- og arbejdsvilkår på en integreret måde. Som et medlem af Europarådets underudvalg om familieanliggender sagde på et besøg for nyligt på Instituttet: "Kvinder har
Earlier Foundation research on commuting had pointed to women as tending to travel shorter distances to work, more likely to be dependent on public transport and often combining travel to work journeys with other purposes, eg. escorting children, shopping and other service functions.
Et af projekterne er en gennemgang af Instituttets
It also confirmed a higher incidence of reported
(Forts fra side 3)
(fromPg3) vidence of the significant role being played by women in
Forholdet mellem transport, bevægelighed og arbejde understreger, hvor forskelligt det er for mænd og kvinder at opnå og beholde et job.
The relationship between transport, mobility and work underlines the different constraints on men and women in obtaining and retaining a job.
Ved at ændre indholdet i deres tilværelse stiller kvinder nye krav til omgivelserne og transportfaciliteterne.
By changing the content of their lives, women place new demands on the built environment and on transport provisions.
A livskvaliteten i lokalsamfundet, fremgår af Instituttets forskning i "Hvordan man klarer sociale og økonomiske ændringer i lokalsamfundet".
action to improve the quality of life at local level is emerging from the Foundation's research on "Coping with social and economic change at neighbourhood level".
Opdeling af byer i områder og decentralisering af servicefaciliteter bidrager til at gøre bevægelighed for kvinder vanskeligere.
Urban zoning and service decentralisation policies have tended to add to women's mobility difficulties.
Engelsk forskning har vist, at kvinder kunne øge deres arbejdsindtægter betragteligt, hvis de kunne pendle uden for lokalområdet. De forhindres ikke heri på grund af rejseudgifter, men på grund af kønsrollebestemte aktiviteter.
United Kingdom research has shown that women could substantially increase their work incomes if they were able to commute beyond the local area and that they are constrained from doing so by gender role activity constraints rather than travel costs.
endnu et element i kvindernes usynlige bidrag til samfundet og samfundsøkonomien.
role as unpaid workers/carers, an additional element of invisibility in women's contribution to the economy and society.
Der er betydelige forskelle mellem kønnene i den rolle, som lokalsamfundet spiller i mænds og kvinders dagligdag.
Important gender differences exist in the role the neighbourhood plays in the everyday life of men and women.
Mange aspekter af kvinders arbejde, lønnet såvel som ulønnet, findes i og omkring lokalsamfundet, og kvinderne synes at have meget bredere lokale kontakter.
Many aspects of women's work, paid and unpaid, are located in and around the local neighbourhood and women appear to have a much wider variety of local contacts.
I fattige områder er det kvinder, navnlig dem med børn, der skal klare det daglige pres.
Where there is poverty it is women, particularly those with children, who have to manage the day-to-day pressures.
Kvindernes betydelige rolle i familien og deres større afhængighed af offentlige transportmidler er ikke de eneste forhindringer.
such as Helping Hands and the Women's Contact Centre in Tallaght, Ireland and Thamesmead's Meet a Mum Association in the U.K., have been included in the Foundation's field research underway in seven Member States to examine the role of community action in improving the quality of life in disadvantaged urban areas.
De skal tumle børnene under transporten, og de lider af en stigende angst for overfald og seksuel chikane.
In addition to the impact of their family role and their greater dependency on public forms of transport, women also face the problems of coping with children while travelling and a growing fear of physical assault or sexual harassment.
Denne frygt får nogle kvinder til at afstå fra at rejse med især offentlige transportmidler.
Such fears prevent some women from travelling, particularly by public transport.
Er kvindernes medvirken i lokale projekter en reaktion på den uforholdsmæssigt store byrde, der lægges på dem som følge af manglen på passende serviceydelser og den ulige fordeling af forpligtelser i hjemmet?
Is women's involvement in local action a response to the disproportionate burden placed on them by the lack of appropriate services and the unequal sharing of care responsibilities?
Eller er det kvindebevægelsernes indflydelse, der blandt kvinder har skabt en bredere erkendelse af behovet for at gøre en indsats i spørgsmål, der berører dem, og af fordelen herved?
Or is it the influence of the women's movement, which has encouraged amongst women a more widespread recognition of the need to take action on issues affecting them and the benefits of doing so?
Det står dog efterhånden også klart, at det ikke kun er kvinder, der nyder godt af lokale projekter, men at de ofte også spiller en stor initiativtagende rolle som græsrødder i selvhjælpsprojekter.
What is also becoming evident, however, is that women are not only amongst the beneficiaries of local action, but they often also play an important initiating role in grassroots self-help projects.
Jo mere formel organisationen er, desto mindre sandsynligt er det imidlertid, at kvinder deltager eller indtager centrale, og især lønnede, stillinger.
But the more formal the organization, the less likely women are to participate or to occupy key, particularly paid, positions.
Projekter med baggrund i lokalsamfundet kan medvirke til at mindske kvindernes sårbarhed og afhængighed. Der tilbydes adgang til uddannelse og undervisning, der arrangeres børnepasning og familiestøtte, og kvindernes personlige udvikling styrkes (Social Change and Local Action: coping with disadvantage in urban areas, udgivet af Instituttet i 1990).
Local projects based in the community can help lessen the vulnerability and dependence of women : by providing access to education and training; by organizing child care and family support services, and by fostering the personal growth and development of women (Social Change and Local Action: coping with disadvantage in urban areas, published by the Foundation in 1990).
I den omtalte undersøgelse peger Instituttet på nødvendigheden af at tage bevægelighedsspørgsmålet i betragtning i de politiske foranstaltninger, der er rettet mod ligestilling og en bedre social og økonomisk samhørighed.
In this research, the Foundation is pointing to the need for the mobility issue to be taken into account in policies aimed at equal opportunities and improved social and economic cohesion.
Det hidtidige arbejde viser, at bevægelighedsspørgsmål er centrale for mange af problemerne i forbindelse med social udelukkelse og marginalisering, der opleves af ugunstigt stillede kvinder.
Its work to date indicates that mobility issues are central to many of the problems of social exclusion and marginalization faced by disadvantaged women.
Instituttets arbejde viser, at der kan være betragtelige forskelle i kvindernes rolle, dens oprindelse og dens synlighed i de forskellige medlemsstater, især mellem Nordeuropa og Sydeuropa.
Perhaps what we are seeing is a continued perception in voluntary activity of women's
Hvad vi her er vidner til, er måske en vedholdende opfattelse af kvindernes frivillige arbejde som ulønnede arbejdere/plejere,
The Foundation's work shows there may be significant differences in women's role, its origins and its visibility in the various Member States, particularly between northern and southern Europe.
HVEM TAGER SIG AF BEDSTE — og hvem kan tage sig af det?
CARING POR GRANNY - but who cares ?
I 1991 vil Instituttet foretage yderligere analyser af markundersøgelserne vedrørende husstande, EF-organisationer og politiske beslutningstagere, med henblik på at se nærmere på kvindernes rolle i forbedringen af tilværelsen i lokalsamfundene.
In 1991 the Foundation will undertake further analysis of the field surveys of households, community organizations and policy makers, to look more closely at the role of women in bettering the life of their local communities.
foranstaltninger og servicefaciliteter til støtte for familieomsorg — eller manglen herpå.
Many women have clearly shown a concern and willingness to work for improvements in their localities.
Dette er i overvældende grad en debat om børnepasning og konsekvenserne for kvinders muligheder for lige adgang til arbejdsmarkedet.
Given this, policies aimed at facilitating and resourcing local action should acknowledge and take account of this contribution, and assist it to emerge and develop.
Mange kvinder har udvist en klar holdning og vilje til at arbejde for at gøre deres lokalsamfund bedre.
specifically at the development or otherwise of policies and services designed to support carers.
I betragtning heraf bør politiske foranstaltninger til fremme og finansiering af lokale projekter anerkende og tage hensyn til dette bidrag og medvirke til, at det spirer og gror.
Quite a lot is known about the needs of carers - for recognition, respite care, financial, emotional and practical support; much less is known about how to support these carers sensitively and effectively.
Det debatteres fortsat, om kvindelige plejere er mindre modtagelige end mænd i samme situation for formel støtte og service fra det offentlige.
There is a continuing debate about whether women carers in the community are less likely than men in the same situation to receive support from formal services.
Mange case-studier viser, at serviceydere faktisk har forskellige holdninger og forventninger til kvinder.
Many case studies indicate that service providers do have different attitudes to, and expectations of, women.
Men der findes kun meget lidt materiale herom, og forskellene kan ikke direkte aflæses af data om udnyttelse af servicefaciliteter.
But there is little material directly on this, and differences cannot be inferred readily from the data on use of services. The near future is bound up with
Men mønstret er ved at ændre sig med den faldende fødselsrate og det stigende antal ældre, der har brug for støtte og pleje.
Women's access to more formal qualifications, associated with entry to the paid jobs in local action, could be increased.
I Storbritannien mener man, at der er 3,5 millioner kvinder, der tager sig af ældre mennesker, dvs. dobbelt så mange som mødre til børn under fem år!
The domestic and family obligations preventing some women from participating in local initiatives should also be acknowledged and the needs of such women
Kvinders adgang til mere formelle kvalifikationer, der efterfølges af lønnet ansættelse i forbindelse med lokale projekter, kan øges.
Finally, the links between the unpaid contribution of women to community life and women's disadvantaged position in the labour market would bear closer examination.
De hjemlige og familiemæssige forpligtelser, der forhindrer nogle kvinder i at deltage i lokale initiativer, bør også anerkendes, og sådanne kvinders behov bør imødekommes.
For women coping with poverty in disadvantaged urban areas, these may be two sides of the same coin.
Familien er hovedrammen om pleje og pasning. I almindelighed viser visse undersøgelser, at to tredjedele eller mere af alle ældreplejere er kvinder.
Results of this programme will be available in 1992 when a major conference on Citizen Action : Involving People at Local Level will be held at the Foundation.
I den nærmeste fremtid skal man dels se på kvindernes muligheder for at være plejere (demografi, skilsmisse, boligforhold, bevægelighed, skiftende holdninger), dels beskæftige sig med nødvendigheden af kvinder på arbejdsmarkedet og deres behov.
considerations on the one hand about the availability of women as carers (demography, divorce, residential, mobility, changing attitudes), and on the other hand with needs of and for women in employment.
I en undersøgelse udført i 1989 af organisationen 'Opportunities for women' (Chancer for kvinder) blev det anslået, at der i Storbritannien var 500.000 mødre, der ønskede at komme i arbejde igen, sammenlignet med 1,75 mio. af de kvinder, der tog sig af voksne.
A 1989 survey by 'opportunities for women' estimated that in the UK, 500,000 women with children wanted to return to work compared with Ì .75m of those caring for adults.
Beskæftigelsespolitik er et yderst aktuelt emne,· alene i Storbritannien er der tre millioner arbejdstagere/plejere.
Employment policy is an issue for today; there are three million worker/carers in the UK alone.
Der findes nu en hel del information i nogle medlemsstater om familieplejernes rolle og situation.
The tensions between employment and caring are not going to diminish.
Der mangler navnlig data fra Sydeuropa, skønt plejemønstret, hovedsageligt for kvindelige slægtninges vedkommende, synes at være det samme.
Improving the quality of life for the carers, as well as the cared-for, will demand more recognition of women's work, both in the home and in the place of paid employment.
Endelig kan forbindelserne mellem kvindernes ulønnede bidrag til samfundslivet og kvindernes ugunstige stilling på arbejdsmarkedet tåle en nærmere undersøgelse.
The Community's Social Charter and the Action Programme of the Commission reflect the widespread debate - among social partners, governments and voluntary organizations - about women as care providers.
For de kvinder, der skal kæmpe med fattigdom i ugunstigt stillede byområder, kan dette være to sider af den samme sag.
This is overwhelmingly a debate about childcare and its implications for women's equal access to the labour market.
Resultaterne af dette program vil foreligge i 1992, hvor Instituttet afholder en større konference om "Borgernes indsats: hvordan folk i lokalsamfundet kan inddrages".
In the UK, it is estimated that there are 3.5 million women caring for older people, i.e. twice the number of mothers of children under the age of 5! The family is the main provider of care.
Spændingerne mellem beskæftigelse og pleje bliver ikke mindre.
In general, studies show that twothirds or more of all carers of older people are women.
En forbedring af livskvaliteten for såvel plejere som plejede vil kræve en større anerkendelse af kvinders arbejde, både i hjemmet og ude på arbejdspladsen.
Most carers are from the family of the dependent person, tending to be first the spouse, then daughter and daughter-in-law. There is a good deal of information now available in some Member States about the role and situation of family carers.
De første resultater af denne undersøgelse udført af Instituttet vil foreligge i slutningen af 1991.
Data are notably lacking from Southern Europe, although the pattern of community care, mainly by female relatives, appears the same.
Der er betydelige forskelle mellem landene i husstandssammensætning, holdninger, servicefaciliteter og politiske foranstaltninger til støtte for familieplejere.
There are important differences between countries in household composition, attitudes, development of services and policies to support carers.
Instituttets igangværende projekt om 'familieomsorg' har til formål at fylde nogle af hullerne i vores viden om problemer og perspektiver samt specifikt at se på politiske
The Foundation's current project on 'family care' is seeking to fill some of the gaps in information about the problems and perspectives of carers, and to look
DET EUROPÆISKE INSTITUT TIL FORBEDRING AF LEVE- OG ARBEJDSVILKÅRENE
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIO
Hvem træffer beslutningerne?
Who makes the decisions ?
relevans for kvindelige arbejdere i almindelighed eller specifikke grupper af kvindelige arbejdere berøres, og i hvor høj grad der gøres en positiv indsats for kvinder
workers in general, or specific groups of women workers or tackles issues of positive action for women
Kvinder og distancearbejde
Telewomen n his "Third Wave" Alain Toffler
En af nøglekonklusionerne på EF-konferencen Kvinder og gennemførelsen af det indre marked (Dublin, februar 1990) var, at kvinders øgede indflydelse i beslutningsprocessen — på arbejdspladsen, i fagforeninger, politiske partier, ministerier og medierne — skulle være en af de vigtiste målsætninger for EF's tredje handlingsprogram om lige muligheder for kvinder og mænd.
One of the key conclusions of the E.C. conference Women and the Completion of the Internal Market (Dublin, February 1990) was that increased participation by women in the decision-making process - in work, trade unions, political parties, government departments and the media - become a central objective of the Third Programme for Equal Opportunities.
lwin Toffler har i sin børn. De største ulemper var bog "Den tredje manglende lovbeskyttelse,
. the level and nature of participation of women workers in positive action experiences in firms, trade unions and other organizations and the evidence of innovations and experiences of dealing with issues of concern to women on the agenda for social dialogue and in industrial relations and participation at the workplace
A bølge" understreget isolering og arbejdets indgreb
The Foundation sees participation as an important vehicle for improving the quality of life, especially working life, and has completed a significant volume of work in this area.
• kvindelige arbejdstageres medbestemmelse i repræsentative organisationer og i medindflydelsesstrukturer i samrådsprocessen med hensyn til indførelse af ny teknologi og eventuelle barrierer for en sådan medbestemmelse, for eksempel afskedigelse eller en forholdsvis lav medindflydelse fra arbejdsstyrkens side betydningen af hjemmet som i familielivet.
The Foundation has undertaken to ensure that its future research in this area will consider: commuting, and the opportunity to spend more hours with the family and the children. The main disadvantages reported were the absence of legal protection, the social isolation and the intrusion of the work into family life.