natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
De s p e c i « c e r e d effo p l y s n i n g e r i E u r o b a r o m e t e r - u n d e r s ł g e l s e r nffe giver desuden mulighed for at drage en rºkke generelle konklusioner om, hvordan forskellige lande, aldersgrupper og sociołkonomiske grupper eventuelt ogsì opfatter vold, og hvordan de reagerer pì den.
The disaggregated nature of the data in Eurobarometer studies also allows for some general conclusions to be drawn about how di.erentcountries,age groups and socioeconomic groups might also perceive violence, and their responses to it.
I 1999 samarbejdede Daphne-initiativet derfor med Kommissionens Generaldirektorat for Information, Kommunikation, Kultur og Av-sektoren (Kontoret for analyse af meningsmìlin-ger) om udvikling og ivºrksºttelse af en tostrenget Eurobarometer-undersłgelse til mìling af den o.entligemeningoma)voldmodbłrnogb)voldmodkvinderihjemmet.Detvaruheldigt, at undersłgelsen af vold mod kvinder udelukkende var begrºnset til vold i hjem-met, fordi dette betłd, at en rºkke vigtige emner sìsom menneskehandel og vold uden for familien (f.eks. pì institutioner) ikke var omfattet.
In 1999, therefore, the Daphne initiative cooperated with the Commission services on infor-mation, communication, culture and audiovisual media (Public Opinion Analysis Unit) in de-veloping and commissioning a two-pronged Eurobarometer to gauge public opinion on (i) violence against children, and (ii) domestic violence against women. It was unfortunate that the survey on violence against women was limited to domestic violence only, since this meant that important subjects such as tra/ckingandextra-family(e.g.institutional)violencewerenot included.
Undersłgelsen af vold mod błrn omfattede fysisk straf, psykologisk straf, seksuelt misbrug, fysisk mishandling og psykologisk mishandling, men det blev ogsì undersłgt, om europº-erne rent faktisk mener, at alle disse handlinger udgłr ‚vold§, og om de forskellige aldersgrup-per og lande har forskellige opfattelser heraf. Der blev stillet spłrgsmìl om potentielle ger-ningsmºnd: far, mor, stedfar/mors partner, stedmor/fars partner, bror, słster, en anden slºgt-ning, lºrer, dagplejer, et andet barn, en fremmed.
The survey on violence against children covered physical punishment, psychological punish-ment, sexual abuse, physical cruelty and psychological cruelty, although it also sought to «ndout whether Europeans did, in fact, consider all these to constitute `violence' and whether there were di.erencesinthisamongagegroupsandcountries.Itaskedquestionsaboutpo-tential perpetrators: father, mother, stepfather/mother's partner, stepmother/father's partner, brother, sister, other relative, teacher, child-minder, another child, stranger.
Det blev ogsì undersłgt, hvordan folk «kkendskab til vold mod błrn, hvad der efter deres opfattelse var hovedìrsagerne til vold mod błrn, hvem der efter deres mening burde gribe ind, hvad de vidste om lovgivningen i deres
It also looked at how people heard about violence against children, what they thought were the main causes of violence against children, who they thought should intervene, what they knew about laws in their country, and thoughts they had on what could be done to reduce violence against
A brief history of Daphne land, og om de havde en mening om, hvad der kunne głres for at reducere vold mod błrn.
A brief history of Daphne children.
Der var ogsì et spłrgsmìl om, hvorvidt EU skulle deltage i bekºmpelsen af vold mod błrn.
There was also a question on whether the EU should be involved in combating vio-lence against children.
Eurobarometer-undersłgelsen vedrłrende vold mod kvinder i hjemmet fulgte i store trºk samme młnster, men forsłgte dog ikke at undersłge, hvad der efter europºernes opfat-telse udgjorde vold mod kvinder i hjemmet, men snarere, hvor alvorligt de sì pì fem forskel-lige former for vold (psykologisk, fysisk og seksuel vold, trusler om vold og frihedsberłvelse).
The Eurobarometer on domestic violence against women followed essentially the same pat-tern, although it did not seek to explore what Europeans thought constituted domestic vio-lence against women but rather how serious they thought «vedi.erenttypesofalready-de-«nedviolence(psychological,physicalandsexualviolence,threatsofviolenceandrestrictedfreedom) were.
Der var et vigtigt spłrgsmìl om forholdet mellem vold og ‚omstºndigheder§ med henblik pì at mìle, om vold blev tolereret under visse omstºndigheder (dette spłrgsmìl var indbe-fattet i andre spłrgsmìl i undersłgelsen af vold mod błrn).
There was an important question regarding the relationship between violence and `circumstances', in order to gauge whether violence was tolerated in certain circumstances (this question was subsumed into other questions in the children's survey).
Der var ogsì et spłrgsmìl, som skulle give en idï om udbredelsen af vold i hjemmet ved at spłrge svarpersonerne, om de selv kendte nogen, som havde vºret udsat for eller begìet vold i hjemmet, og hvorfra de kendte denne person (pì arbejdet, i deres egen familie, blandt venner osv.).
There was also a question that aimed to give some idea of the prevalence of domestic violence by asking respondents whether they themselves knew of someone who had been a victim or perpetra-tor of domestic violence, and where they knew this person (at work, in own family, among friends, etc.).
Der blev opnìet en interessant viden gennem de to undersłgelser:
Some interesting insights were gained through the two surveys.
‡ De ‹esteeuropºeremente,atvoldmodbłrnvar‚megetalmindelig§eller‚retalmindelig§(77 % i alt), og kun 1 % havde aldrig hłrt om vold mod błrn.
‡ Most Europeans thought that violence against children was `very common' or `fairly com-mon' (77 % total) and only 1 % had never heard of violence against children.
‡ Et ‹ertalafeuropºerne,omendlidtfºrre,mente,atvoldmodkvinderihjemmetvar‚me-get almindelig§ eller ‚ret almindelig§ (74 % i alt), men 4 % havde aldrig hłrt om det.
‡ A majority of Europeans, although slightly fewer, thought that domestic violence against women was `very common' or `fairly common' (74 % total) but 4 % had never heard of it.
‡ I begge tilfºlde stod seksuel vold łverst pì listen over det, der blev anset for alvorligt: Over 97 % af svarpersonerne ansì seksuelt misbrug af błrn for at vºre en form for vold, og 90 % af europºerne ansì seksuel vold mod kvinder for at vºre ‚meget alvorlig§.
‡ In both cases, sexual violence topped the list of what was considered serious: more than 97 % of respondents considered sexual abuse of children to be a form of violence, and 90 % of Europeans considered sexual violence against women to be `very serious'.
‡ Der var en alvorlig misforstìelse med hensyn til gerningsmºndene til vold mod błrn: Europºerne troede fejlagtigt, at hovedparten af volden mod błrn (74 %) udłves af frem-mede, selv om det rent faktisk viser sig, at hovedparten af volden mod błrn udłves af fa-milie, venner eller personer, de kender.
‡ There was a serious misconception about perpetrators of violence against children: Euro-peans mistakenly believed that it is strangers who are most likely to in‹ictviolenceonchildren (74 %) although in fact most violence is in‹ictedonchildrenbyfamily,friendsorpeople they know.
‡ Europºerne mener, at fysisk eller psykologisk vold, som lºrere udłver mod błrn, er en form for vold (75 %), og 59 % anser fysisk straf fra forºldrenes side for en voldshandling.
‡ Europeans consider that physical or psychological violence in‹ictedonchildrenbyteach-ers is a form of violence (75 %), and 59 % regard physical punishment by parents as an act of violence.
‡ Europºerne mener som helhed, at fysisk eller psykologisk mishandling fra andre błrns side ogsì er en form for vold (henholdsvis 88 % og 85 %), selv om der interessant nok er en stor aldersmºssig spredning i dette svar, idet de unge i hłjere grad end ºldre mennesker accepterer vold fra deres jºvnaldrendes side.
‡ Europeans in general believe that physical or psychological cruelty in‹ictedbyotherchil-dren is also a form of violence (88 % and 85 % respectively), although interestingly this response is highly disaggregated by age, with young people being more accepting of peer violence than older people.
‚De unge har vºnnet sig til vold og de vºrdier, den er forbundet med. Vold er et generelt fºno-men i dagligdagen.
`Young people have normalised and grown accustomed to violence and the values associated with it. Violence is present on an habitual, daily and generalised basis.
Den anses for at vºre uundgìelig, og som helhed er man ikke klar over de problemer, den forìrsager. Gruppens analyse tyder pì en vis tolerance og social accept, og de unge synes ikke at vºre sºrlig informeret om de negative konsekvenser af voldshandlinger, selv om de karakteriseres som problematiske „ Volden tjener som en mekanisme for dialog mellem ligemºnd.
It is assumed to be in-evitable and, generally speaking, we are not aware of the problems it causes.
Ungdommen skaber sine egne uskrevne love med et anderledes sprog, en slang, der er en del af deres adfºrd og holdninger i forbindelse med overgangen til voksenalderen.
Adolescents form their own code with a di.erentlanguage,aslangthatispartoftheritesofpassage,offorms of behaviour and attitudes that lead them to the adult stage.
Vold bliver sìledes en irrationel proces, der opbygger identitet ved at blive anerkendt blandt medlem-merne af gruppen.§ (projekt 99/055/C)
Violence thus becomes an irrational process that builds identity by operating within a circle of recognition between the members of the group.' [Project 99/055/C]
‡ Europºerne «nderdetvanskeligtatforestillesig,atbłrnkanvºrevoldeligeoverforderessłskende, men erkender, at vold udłvet af ‚et andet barn§ er et ofte forekommende fº-nomen.
‡ Europeans «nditdi/cultto imaginethatchildrenmightbe violenttowardstheirsiblings,but recognise violence by `another child' as frequently occurring.
vold, langt foran arbejdslłshed, fattigdom og social udelukkelse, lavt uddannelsesniveau og andre sociale faktorer.
95 %) and drugs (approx. 94 %) were main causes of such violence, way ahead of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion, low levels of education and other social factors.
‡ I relation til bìde vold mod błrn og vold mod kvinder i hjemmet var der nogle europºere, om end en lille procentdel (henholdsvis 5,8 % og 2,7 %), der mente, at vold var acceptabel under visse eller alle omstºndigheder.
‡ In relation to both violence against children and domestic violence against women, there were some Europeans, albeit a small percentage (5.8 % and 2.7 % respectively) who con-sidered that violence was acceptable in some or all circumstances.
‡ Dette kan hºnge sammen med de svar, der angav, at nºsten halvdelen af alle europºere mener, at vold mod błrn kan relateres til barnets egen opfłrsel (45 %), og at kvinders ‚pro-vokerende opfłrsel§ ogsì er en af ìrsagerne til vold mod dem i hjemmet (46 %).
‡ This may be linked to the responses which indicated that almost half of all Europeans think that violence against children may be related to the behaviour of the child her/himself (45 %), and that the `provocative behaviour' of women is also a cause of domestic violence against them (46 %).
I det irske samfund er der en afvisende holdning over for at undersłge vold inden for hjemmet og i unge menneskers liv; i łjeblikket er visse mandegrupper gìet sammen om at łdelºgge arbejdet i mange grupper i Irland, der beskºftiger sig med emnet vold.
At present there is a group of men's groups who organise together to destruct the work of many groups in Ireland who work in the area of violence.
I deres program angriber de ogsì kvindernes valgfrihed.
Their agenda also attacks women's freedom of choice.
‡ Den almindelige opfattelse var, at gerningsmºndene til vold mod błrn og vold mod kvin-der i hjemmet skulle stra.es(94%og95%),mendervarnºsteningenkendskabtildeneksisterende lovgivning.
‡ There were strong feelings that perpetrators of violence against children and domestic violence against women should be punished (94 % and 95 %) but little knowledge of exist-ing laws.
‡ Flertallet af europºerne mente, at lovene skulle hìndhºves strengere (91 % i begge un-dersłgelser), og der var udbredt stłtte til den holdning, at EU selv skulle involveres i be-kºmpelsen af vold mod błrn (72 % ‚helt sikkert§) og mod kvinder (67 %).
‡ The majority of Europeans believed that laws should be more stringently enforced (91 % in both surveys) and there was strong support for the notion that the EU itself should be involved in combating violence against children (72 % `de«nitely')andagainstwomen(67 %).
Det fremgik klart af Eurobarometer-undersłgelsen, at der er en hłj grad af bevidsthed om-kring vold i Europa og en udbredt opfattelse af, at det er et socialt fºnomen, som ikke er ac-ceptabelt.
What was clear from the Eurobarometer is that there is a high level of general awareness about violence in Europe and a strong feeling that it is a social phenomenon that is not acceptable.
Der var ogsì tilslutning til det synspunkt, at vold er et fºnomen med mange facet-ter, som har forskellige former og udlłsende faktorer, og at gerningsmºndene til vold ogsì er forskelligartede.
There was also endorsement of the notion that violence is a multi-faceted phenomenon that has di.erentformsandtriggers,andthattheperpetratorsofviolencearealsodiverse.
Der var imidlertid ogsì en rºkke foruroligende tegn pì, at jo yngre europºerne er, jo hłjere grad af vold tolererer de, hvilket tyder pì, at tolerancen over for vold kan vºre stigende, og at vold er ved at blive noget ‚normalt§.
There were also worrying signs, however, that the younger the European, the higher the lev-el of violence tolerated, suggesting that tolerance of violence may be increasing and that it may be becoming `normalised'.
Der er en rºkke alvorlige ubesvarede spłrgsmìl om, hvorfor det forholder sig sìdan (pì mere speci«kkeomrìder,f.eks.seksueltmisbrugafbłrn,er der tegn pì, at storstilede bevidsthedsskabende kampagner rent faktisk kan bidrage til en sìdan ‚normalisering§ og skabe grobund for den fłlelse af selvretfºrdighed, som gernings-mºndene oplever). Uanset grundene hertil udgłr dette fortsat en alvorlig udfordring for Europa.
There are serious questions unanswered about why this is so (in more speci«careas,forexamplesexualabuseofchildren,thereareindicationsthatmasspublic awareness campaigns may in fact contribute to such `normalisation' and provide a context for the self-justi«cationprocessthatabusersgothrough).Whateverthereasons,thisclearly remains a major challenge for Europe.
Daphne-projekter er blevet evalueret omfattende og regelmºssigt.
Daphne projects have been extensively and regularly evaluated. In 2003, a comprehensive
I 2003 analyserede en omfattende undersłgelse resultaterne af 303 (11) projekter, der blev «nansieretiperiodenfra1997 til 2003, og som reprºsenterede mere end 1 500 partnere. Dette gjorde det muligt for Kommissionen at fì en prºcis forestilling om individuelle resultater og virkninger, men ogsì at bekrºfte programmets e.ektivitetogvirkningsgrad.
2003, representing more than 1 500 partners.
Resultaternes bºredygtighed er imidlertid temmelig lille.
However, the sustainability of the results is rather weak.
Nìr projektet er fuldfłrt, implemen-teres utilstrºkkelig udbredelse og «nansieringefterprojektetsafslutning.Iforbindelsemedudformningen af Daphne II-programmet er der blevet foretaget tilretninger.
Once the project is completed, insuf-«cientdisseminationandpost-projectfundingareimplemented.
Projekttypologi mellem 1997 og 2003
Project typology between 1997 and 2003
Den endelige evaluering af Daphne-programmet gav mange data om projekter og deres resultater. Sidstnºvnte bliver behandlet i dette kapitel.
The « n a l e v a l u a t i o nffo f t h e D a p h n e p r o g r a m mffe p r o v i d e d p l e n tffy o f d a t a cffo n c e r n i n g t h e p r o j e c t s , their outputs and outcomes.
a) Der er en balance mellem projekter til fordel for błrn og unge og til fordel for kvinder eller til fordel for en kombineret mìlgruppe:
(a) There is a balance between projects dedicated to children/young people and to women or to combined targets:
Błrn og unge
Children and young
Błrn og kvinder
Children and women
Unge og kvinder
Young and women
Gruppering af typer af endelige stłttemodtagere viser, at ‚błrn§ var omfattet af 48 % af projekterne, unge var omfattet af 52 %, og kvinder var omfattet af 61 % af projekterne.
Grouping the types of end-bene«ciaryshowsthat`children'wereaddressed by 48 % of the projects, young people by 52 % and women by 61 %.
) Af disse 303 #nansie-rede projekter blev 218 analyseret i detaljer, og 1 212 partnere var r e p r Ø s effn t e r e t .
) Of these 303 funded projects, 218 were analysed in detail, representing 1 212 partners.
Andre projekter kunne ikke kontaktes af forskellige grunde: konkurs, $yt-ning af nægleperson, dokumentationen var ikke l Ø n g e r e t i l g Ø n g e - l i g osv. Ud af disse 218 projekter blev 148 gennemfært pç samme tid som undersægelsen og kunne give doku-mentation om resulta-ter.
Other projects could not be contacted for various reasons: bankruptcy, move of the key person, documentation no longer available, etc. Of these 218 projects, 148 were completed at the time of the study and could deliver documentation on outputs and outcomes.
Hver enkelt type endelig stłttemodtager refererer til ïn eller ‹ereunderkategoriersomfłlger:
Each type of end-bene«ciaryreferstooneormoresubcategoriesasfollows:
‚Andre§ refererer til soldater og deres familier, isolerede kvinder, uledsagede mindreìrige, torturof-re og personer med en mentalt syg forºlder.
Note: `Other' refers to soldiers and their family, isolated women, unaccompanied minors, torture survivors and people with a mentally ill parent.
b) 21 % af projekterne lłber over ‹ereìr(2eller3ìr),hvilketforbedrerderesbºredygtighed.Men disse projekter vejer tungt i budgettet, og det er grunden til, at deres antal er blevet begrºnset.
(b) 21 % of the projects are multiannual (two or three years), which improves their sustainabil-ity. But these projects weigh heavily on the budget; this is why their number was limited.
c) Alle 15 medlemsstater er involveret (som koordinator eller partner), og EFTA/EŁS- og CŁEL-organisationer reprºsenterer 6 % af det totale antal partnere.
(c) All 15 Member States are involved (as coordinator or partner) and organisations in the EFTA/EEA and central and east European countries represent 6 % of the total number of partners.
d) Det gennemsnitlige antal partnere pr. projekt er 6, men 3 % af projekterne har 10 eller ‹erepartnere(hovedsageligtlokalepartnereidissetilfºlde).Detfremgìrafkontrolbesłgog af efterevalueringer, at der som regel er for mange partnere til, at de alle kan blive til-strºkkeligt involveret.
(d) The average number of partners per projects is six, but 3 % of the projects have 10 or more partners (mainly local partners in these cases). It appears from the monitoring visit and from the ex-post evaluations that there are usually too many partners for each to be ad-equately involved.
Derudover er det en ekstra byrde for koordinatoren til ulempe for projektaktiviteternes forlłb.
In addition, it adds to the management burden of the coordinator to the detriment of mainstreaming of the project activity.
e) Organisationer, der deltager i projekter, er af fłlgende kategorier (se side 27):
(e) Organisations participating in projects are of the following categories (see next page):
Ngo'er har altid vºret i fokus for Daphne.
NGOs have always been the focus of Daphne.
De reprºsenterer 56 % af partnerne og 65 % af projektkoordinatorerne.
They represent 56 % of the partners and 65 % of the project coordinators.
Andelen af ngo'er som koordinatorer faldt imidlertid fra 65 til 54 % i 2002 og 2003 sammenlignet med tidligere ìr.
Nevertheless, in 2002 and 2003 the proportion of NGOs as co-ordinators decreased from 65 % to 54 % compared with previous years.
Forskningscentre, universiteter og o.ent-lige institutioner łgede deres tilstedevºrelse som koordinatorer: De reprºsenterer ca. 13 % hver.
Research centres, universities and public institutions increased their presence as coordinators: they each rep-resent about 13 %.
Denne udvikling skyldes formentlig to faktorer: For det fłrste at det siden 2000 har vºret muligt for o.entligeinstitutioneratsłge,fordetandeťsomdetsigesafadskilligeinteressenter ̌ at nogle ngo'er har mistet modet som fłlge af de stigende krav og proce-durer i EU-«nansieringsskemaerneigennemìrene.Faktiskvarderudaf41projekter,derblev «nansiereti2000og2001,ogsomblevkoordineretafenngo,71%,derikkevartil-fredse med hastigheden af udbetalingsproceduren, sammenlignet med 32 % for 19 pro-jekter, der blev «nansieretidesammeìr,mensomikkeblevkoordineretafenngo(seogsìpunkt 4.5 om implementering og leveringsmekanismer).
This evolution is probably due to two factors: «rst,since2000,publicinstitutions have been allowed to apply; second, as stated by several stakeholders, some NGOs might have been discouraged by the increasing requirements and procedures of the EU funding schemes over the years. In fact, among 41 projects funded in 2000 or 2001 and coordinated by an NGO, 71 % were not satis«edwiththepromptnessofthepaymentpro-cedures compared with 32 % for 19 projects funded in the same years and not coordinated by an NGO (see also point 4.5 on implementation and delivery mechanisms).
Ngo'er er hovedaktłrer i Daphne-projekter.
NGOs are key players in Daphne projects.
Analysen viser, at ud af de 25 fuldfłrte projek-ter med tºt kontakt med endelige stłttemodtagere, blev 22 koordineret af en ngo.
The analysis shows that, among the 25 «nishedprojects with close contacts with e n d - b e n e « c i a r i e s , 2 2 w e r e cffo o r d i n a t e d b y a n N G O .
Kategorier af partnere og koordinatorer (1 212 partnere , 218 koordinatorer ) met (2004-2008) (12
Categories of partners and coordinators (1 212 partners i, 218 coordinatorsi) was taken into account in the proposal of the Commission to establish the Daphne II pro- gramme (2004›08) (12
), idet den udtalte, at ‚organisationer, der er ansvarlige for hjºlp til ofre, stadig er den bedste mìde at nì og hjºlpe stłttemodtagerne i disse aktioner§.
), stating that `organisations responsible for assistance to victims are still the best relay to reach and help the bene«ciariesoftheseactions'.
f) Frem for alt mìlretter projekterne det formidlende arbejde direkte mod de endelige stłtte-modtagere sìsom socialarbejdere, undervisningspersonale, sundhedspersonale og politiet. O.entligemyndighedererogsìenmìlgruppe.Udaf218projekterinvolverer92%mìlgrup-per, og 75 % viser deres aktive involvering som rìdgiver og/eller eksekutor i forbindelse med design, projektforlłb og fremme af projektet.
(f) Above all, the projects target the intermediaries working directly with the end-bene«ciar-ies such as social workers, educational sta.,medicalsta.andthepolice.Publicauthoritiesare also targeted.
Denne aktive involvering er en meget vigtig faktor i virkningerne, og den vil blive nºrmere beskrevet under punkt 4.4.
This active involvement is a very important factor in the impact of the projects as described in more detail in point 4.4 below.
g) De former for vold, der er behandlet af de udvalgte projekter, er opdelt som fłlger:
(g) The areas of violence tackled by the selected projects are split as follows:
(N = 218 projekter, op til 2 valg pr. projekt)
(N = 218 projects, up to two choices per project)
12) KOM(2003) 54 endelig
) Document COM(2003) 54 # n a l ( t h e D a p h n e I I p r o g r a m mffe ) , p. 4.
Resultaterne af Daphne h) Et stort ‹ertalafpartnerneharlangerfaringmedforebyggelseafvoldellerbeskyttelse„
(h) A vast majority of the partners have a long experience of violence prevention or protection „
29 % i > 0 og < = 5 ìri > 5 og < = 10 ìri > 10 og < = 20 ìri > 20 ìr 40 %
29 % i > 0 and < = 5 yearsi > 5 and < = 10i > 10 and < = 20i > 20 40 %
„ og den erfaring bruges i projekterne. Der er en stor overensstemmelse mellem deres erfa-ringsomrìde og det omrìde, der behandles af projektet, hvilket fremgìr af fłlgende «gur:
„ and that experience is used in the projects: there is a great correspondence between their area of expertise and the area tackled by the project, as can be seen from the follow-ing diagram:
7 % i Projektomrìdet er inden for koordi-natorens ‚kerneaktiviteter§
7 % i Areas of the project are in the `core activities' of the coordinator