natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Bl.a. skal det nye joint venture ejes med 51% af Yoplait og 49% af Valio, og aktionæraftalen skal ændres, så den afspejler den nye balance.
Inparticular, the joint venture is to be owned 51% by Yoplait and 49% by Valio and the shareholders’agreement will be amended to reflect the new structural balance.
Desuden skal der ansættes to forskellige administrerende direktører i det finske og det svenske selskab.
Moreover, different general managerswill be employed by the Finnish and the Swedish companies respectively.
Valio er til gengæld en forholdsvis lille aktør på det svenske marked.
Valio, on the other hand, is arelatively small player on the Swedish market.
Parterne er derfor blevet underrettet om Kommissionens godkendelse ved en administrativ skrivelse.
At the Commission’s instigation, tractor and agricultural machinery manufacturers and their associationsagreed to alter their information exchange methods in the European Union.
De nye bestemmelser medfører, at informationsudvekslingen bringes i overensstemmelse med EU's konkurrenceregler.
ANTITRUST 157 down by country and into smaller geographical units such as provinces and counties and in some caseseven by postcode.
Udvekslingerne på nationalt plan var organiseret enten af fabrikantforeningerne eller af importørforeningerne. De internationale udvekslinger var organiseret af fabrikanterne selv.
The information exchanges at national level were organised by the manufacturers’orimporters’associations; the international exchanges were organised by the manufacturers themselves.
Allerede i 1992 traf Kommissionen beslutning om, at informationsudvekslingen havde konkurrencebegrænsende virkninger i Det Forenede Kongerige på grund af den stærke koncentration på markedet, hvor de fire største fabrikanter tegnede sig for i alt 80% af traktorsalget; informationsudvekslingen begrænsede konkurrencen ganske betydeligt mellem de få større konkurrenter, der var, og gjorde det endnu vanskeligere for udenforstående at komme ind på markedet (45). Denne
In 1992 the Commission already decided that the information exchange organised in the United Kingdom,where the market was highly concentrated with the four largest manufacturers together accounting for 80%of tractor sales, was anticompetitive since it substantially reduced competition between the limited numberof significant players and increased the barriers to market entry for non-members.(45) That decision was up-
beslutning blev bekræftet på fiere punkter af Retten i Første Instans (
) and the Court of Justice.(
Eftersom fabrikanternes og importørernes foreninger har indført ensartede nationale informationsudvckslingsordninger i alle EU's medlemsstater, besluttede Kommissionen, at alle sådanne udvekslingsordninger i EU organiseret af fabrikanter og brancheforeninger skulle bringes i overensstemmelse med reglerne, da koncentrationen inden for denne sektor er høj i alle medlemsstaterne.
Similar national information exchange systems having been set up in all the Member States byassociations of manufacturers and importers, the Commission decided to bring all these systems into line,as the concentration level in the sector is high in all the Member States.
Det samme gælder den internationale informationsudveksling, der organiseres af fabrikanterne selv.
It took the same approachtowards international information exchanges set up by the manufacturers themselves.
(•"»Sagerne nr. 32955, 32956, 32957, 33I07, 33108, 33I09, 331 IO, 33113, 33114, 33116, 33117, 34548, 34568, 35863,35864,35865,35866,36528.37762. C4) IP/99/690. (4,j Kommissionens beslutning af 17. februar 1992, UK Agricultural Tractors Registration Exchange, EFT L 68 af
If there arefewer than three dealers, data may be exchanged only if the figure being exchanged concerns at least 10tractor units.(48)
13.3.1992; IP/92/146. (·"■) Dom af 27. oktober 1994. John Deere mod Kommissionen (sag nr. T­35/92, Sml. 1994 II, s. 957) og New Holland mod Kommissionen (sag nr. T­34/92, Sml. 1994 II, s. 905).
(45)Commission decision of 17February1992 UK Agricultural Tractor Registration Exchange(OJ L68, 13.3.1992);see also press release IP/92/146, 4.3.1992.
(47) Dom af 28. maj 1998. John Deere mod Kommissionen (sag nr. C­7/95, Sml. 1998 I, s. 3111) og New Holland mod Kommissionen (sag nr. C­8/95. Sml. 1998 I, s. 3175).
(47)Judgments of 28May1998 in Case C-7/95 John Deere v Commission[1998] I-3111 and Case C-8/95 New Holland v Commission[1998] I-3175.
160 ANVENDELSEN AF KONKURRENCEREGLERNE I DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION
158APPLICATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Kommissionen har opstillet en række principper for fremtidige informationsudvekslingsordninger:
The principles set out clear guidelines for any similar exchanges of information in other economicsectors as highly concentrated as the market for tractors and agricultural machinery.
Ved hjælp af disse principper vil det være muligt at undgå, at informationsudvekslingsordningerne for traktorer og landbrugsmaskiner får samme konkurrencebegrænsende virkninger i EU, som kunne konstateres i sagen mod UK Agricultural Tractors Registration Exchange.
On 8 September the Commission adopted a decision(50) finding that the agreement concluded by about60 banks in the Netherlands on the joint processing of acceptance giro forms did not fall within the scopeof Article81 of the Treaty because it did not affect trade between Member States.
Det Europæiske Udvalg af Foreninger af Fabrikanter af Landbrugsmaskiner (CEMA) har på egne og medlemmernes vegne forpligtet sig til at overholde disse principper.
The Commission alsoexplained in its decision why agreement on a multilateral interbank fee for processing acceptance giroforms restricted competition, stating, however, that it viewed such a fee favourably.
De fire største fabrikanter på verdensplan, John Deere, New Holland (49), Case og AGCO, har forpligtet sig til kun at deltage i informationsudveksling i EU, hvis ovennævnte principper er overholdt.
An acceptance giro is a pre-printed credit transfer order intended for domestic payments of a recurringand obligatory nature where payment is made at a distance, i.e. where debtor and creditor do not meetface to face.
Disse tilsagn er givet uafhængigt af, hvilken kilde eller hvilket detailniveau de pågældende informationer vedrører.
Examples are subscriptions, energy and telephone bills, and insurance premiums.Acceptance forms are widely used as a payment instrument in the Netherlands.
De samme principper gælder for foreninger af importører af traktorer og landbrugsmaskiner i EU.
In 1991 the Dutch banking association NVB (Nederlandse Vereniging van Banken) notified to the Commission, on behalf of its members, an agreement on a joint payment and acceptance giro formprocedure.
Principperne indeholder klare retningslinjer for alle former for lignende informationsudveksling inden for brancher, hvor der er samme høje koncentrationsgrad som på markedet for traktorer og landbrugsmaskiner.
The notification concerned, in particular, the introduction of a multilaterally set interbank feeof NLG0.30 (EUR0.14), which had to be paid by the creditor bank to the debtor bank for every paymentusing an acceptance giro form.
Den træffer de fornødne foranstaltninger til at sikre, at disse principper vil blive anvendt i tilsvarende situationer.
The introduction of this fee resulted in an increase incharges to creditors as all credit banks decided to pass on the fee to their clients.
Nederlandske banker (giroopkrævningsservice)[ Sag nr. IVID1134.010]
This triggered a numberof formal complaints against the fee by some creditors.
Den 8. september 1999 vedtog Kommissionen en beslutning om, at den aftale, der var indgået afea. 60 nederlandske bankerom indførelse af en fælles giroopkrævningsservice. ikke falder ind under EF-traktatens artikel 81. eftersom den ikke indvirker på samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne C3")· Kommissionen forklarede desuden i beslutningen, hvorfor aftalen om et ensartet gebyrmellem bankerne indbyrdes forgiroopkrævningssystemet virker konkurrencebegrænsende, men meddelte samtidig, at den ikke ville gøre indsigelse mod et sådant gebyr.
In the light of the judgment of the Court of Justice of 21January1999 in Joined Cases C-215/96 and C-216/96Bagnascov Banca popolare di Novara, which also concerned a domestic banking product, the Commissionfurthermore concluded that the Dutch acceptance giro form agreement lacked an appreciable effect on intraCommunity trade.
En giroopkrævning er en fortrykt blanket til at foretage en pengeoverførsel til brug for gentagne og obligatoriske betalinger over en vis afstand, dvs. hvor debitor og kreditor ikke mødes ansigt til ansigt. Som eksempler kan nævnes abonnementer, el- og telefonregninger, forsikringspræmier m.m.
This was primarily for two reasons. Firstly, because the acceptance giro product is clearly a domestic payment product relating to domestic economic activities.
Giroblanketter er almindeligt anvendt som betalingsmiddel i Nederlandene.
This prompted the Commission to adopt a negative clearance decision.
(4!i) Denne regel om 10 enheder gælder specifikt for traktorer og landbrugsmaskiner. (49) New Holland og Case fusionerede i 1999.
The Commission also explained in its decision that a clause contained in the notified agreement, namelythe remuneration fee for processing activities by the debtor bank of not more than NLG0.30 (EUR0.14),which the banks had multilaterally agreed upon, was anticompetitive within the meaning of the EUcompetition rules.
I 1991 anmeldte den nederlandske banksammenslutning NVB (»Nederlandse Vereniging van Banken«) på medlemmernes vegne en aftale til Kommissionen om fælles regler for behandling af giroopkrævninger.
The Commission indicated in its decision that it intended to take a favourable stance on this restrictiveinterbank fee, referring to a communication which it had earlier published in the Official Journal.(51)
Anmeldelsen drejede sig bl.a. om indførelsen af et fast internt gebyr for alle tilsluttede banker på 0,30 NLG (0,14 EUR), som skulle betales af den krediterende bank til den debiterende bank for alle betalinger med brug af giroblanketter.
Although the Commission initially had objections to the multilateral fee, it became convinced in thecourse of the proceedings that it was in fact more efficient than bilaterally setting interbank fees; ittherefore intended to take a favourable view of the fee.
Gebyret betales for den debiterende banks behandling af giroblanketterne, bl.a. arbejdet med at konvertere oplysningerne på giroblanketterne til elektronisk form.
In this context the Commission took into accountin particular the fact that the amount of the multilateral interbank fee was related to the costs of the debtorbank with the most efficient processing method and that the Dutch banks agreed to a periodic review ofthe amount of the fee by an independent expert.
Det interne bankgebyr er et maksimumgebyr. Det resulterede i en forhøjelse af de gebyrer, kreditorer skal betale, eftersom alle krediterende banker besluttede at skubbe gebyret over på kunderne.
The decision does not, however, elaborate on this aspect as the Commission concluded that, in theabsence of an appreciable effect on intraCommunity trade, the EU competition rules did not apply.
Det affødte en række officielle klager over gebyret fra visse kreditorer.
EPI code of conduct (Case IV/D-3/36.147)
Kommissionen påpegede også i sin beslutning, at en bestemmelse i den anmeldte aftale, nemlig betaling til den debiterende bank af et gebyr på højst 0,30 NLG (0,14 EUR) for behandling af giroblanketter, som de deltagende banker havde vedtaget i fællesskab, indebar begrænsning af konkurrencen i henhold til EU's konkurrenceregler.
The Commission’s decision of 7April(52) assessed the compatibility with Article81 of the ECTreatyand Article53 of the EEAAgreement of the code of conduct adopted by the Institute of Professional Representatives (EPI), a European professional body grouping together all the professionalrepresentatives before the European Patent Office (EPO).
Det skyldes, at de banker, der deltog i giroopkrævningssystemet, dermed havde begrænset bankernes mulighed for hver for sig at forhandle om gebyrets størrelse med de øvrige banker på et niveau, de fandt passende.
The relevant market was defined as the marketin services associated with European patent applications, which is separate from the market in servicesassociated with national patent applications.
Desuden konkluderede Kommissionen, at det i fællesskab fastsatte gebyr måtte forventes at få begrænsende virkninger for forholdet mellem bankerne og deres kunder, eftersom de banker, der skal betale gebyret, normalt vil skubbe det over på deres kunder.
The decision demonstrates that the aim of promoting competition in the professions is not incompatiblewith the aim of maintaining rules on professional conduct.
Kommissionen anførte i sin beslutning, at den ikke havde til hensigt at gøre indsigelse mod dette restriktive fælles bankgebyr, og henviste til en tidligere offentliggjort meddelelse i De Europæiske Fællesskabers Tidende (EFT C 273 af 9.9.1997).
The Commission drew a distinction, in the context of the profession concerned, between rules genuinelydealing with professional conduct and those that can distort competition.
Selv om Kommissionen oprindeligt havde indvendinger mod det fælles gebyr, blev den således undervejs i sine undersøgelser overbevist om, at det i virkeligheden var mere effektivt end individuelt fastsatte gebyrer mellem bankerne, og den ville derfor ikke gøre indsigelse.
It took the view that the rulesnecessary in order for example to ensure impartiality, competence, integrity and responsibility on the partof representatives, to prevent conflicts of interest and misleading advertising and to guarantee the properfunctioning of the EPO did not restrict competition in the specific context of this profession.
I denne sammenhæng tog Kommissionen bl.a. hensyn til det forhold, at størrelsen af det fælles bankgebyr er fastsat på grundlag af omkostningerne for den debiterende bank, der anvender den mest effektive metode til behandling af giroblanketter, og at de nederlandske banker indvilgede i at lade en uvildig ekspert tage gebyrets størrelse op til vurdering med jævne mellemrum.
They weretherefore granted negative clearance. On the other hand, rules prohibiting EPI members from carryingout comparative advertising under the conditions specified in Directive97/55/EC(53) and from activelyoffering services to users that have already been clients of other representatives were deemed toconstitute restrictions of competition within the meaning of Article81(1) of the ECTreaty.
Kommissionen kommer dog ikke i beslutningen nærmere ind på dette aspekt, fordi den konkluderede, at eftersom der ikke er tale nogen mærkbar virkning for handelen mellem medlemsstaterne, finder EU's konkurrenceregler ikke anvendelse.
The Commission nevertheless considered that those restrictions could be exempted until the deadline bywhich Member States must adopt the provisions necessary to comply with Directive97/55: it grantedsuch exemption for a very short period in order to avoid a sudden changeover from a situation in which
I denne sag tager Kommissionen for første gang stilling til spørgsmålet om begrænsninger i retten til at annoncere inden for et liberalt erhverv, der dækker hele Europa.
(53) European Parliament and Council Directive amending Directive 84/450/EEC concerning misleading advertisingso as to include comparative advertising (OJ L290, 23.10.1997).
Beslutningen af 7. april 1999 (5 ' ) drejer sig om en vurdering af, hvorvidt bestemmelserne i en adfærdskodeks vedtaget af EPI, den europæiske erhvervsorganisation for alle patentagenter, der er berettiget til at optræde som anerkendte befuldmægtigede for Den Europæiske Patentmyndighed, er forenelige med EF-traktatens artikel 81 og EØS-aftalens artikel 53.
160APPLICATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION nearly all advertising and the supply of unsolicited services by EPI members was prohibited to one inwhich all forms of advertising and supply of services are permitted; a transitional period for adjustingto the new situation offers advantages both for users and for representatives.
Det fremgår af beslutningen, at målsætningen om at fremme konkurrencen inden for de liberale erhverv ikke er uforenelig med målsætningen om at opretholde faglige etiske regler.
The Commission takes the view that truthful advertising informs users of the services available, howmuch they cost and which professional representative is best qualified to deal with a particular case.
Tjenesteydelserne i tilknytning til europæiske patentansøgninger vil fremover blive lettere tilgængelige for brugerne og navnlig for små og mellemstore virksomheder, og der vil samtidig være større tilskyndelse til effektivisering inden for erhvervet.
Itthus makes the services linked to European patent applications more accessible to users, particularlysmall and medium-sized enterprises, and encourages the development of greater efficiency within theprofession of professional representative.
EPI har appelleret beslutningen ved Retten i Første Instans (sag T-l44/99) med påstand om annullation af beslutningen, for så vidt angår fritagelsen.
The EPI appealed against this decision before the Court of First Instance (Case T-144/99): it is seekingan annulment on grounds relating to the exemption.
Generaldirektoratet for Det Indre Marked og Generaldirektoratet for Sundhed og Forbrugerbeskyttelse har ved flere lejligheder deltaget i det forberedende arbejde forud for vedtagelsen af denne beslutning.
The Internal Market DG and the Health and Consumer Protection DG cooperated on several occasionsin the preparatory work relating to this decision.
JAMA (Sag nr. IV/F2/37.634) og KAMA (Sag nr. IV/F2/37.611) [nedbringelse af C02-emissioner]
JAMA (Case IV/F-2/37.634) and KAMA (Case IV/F-2/37.611) (CO2
Foreningen af Japanske Automobilfabrikanter (JAMA) og Foreningen af Koreanske Automobilfabrikanter (KAMA) anmeldte i 1999 frivillige tilsagn om at nedbringe kuldioxid-emissionerne (C02) fra nye person-
The Association of Japanese Automobile Manufacturers (JAMA) and the Association of Korean Automobile Manufacturers (KAMA) notified in the year under review voluntary commitments on reducing carbon
(5I)EFTL 106 af 23.4.1999.
54 dioxide (COst
KARTELLER OG MONOPOLER 163 biler, der sælges i EU (").
2 commit themselves to achieving an average target of 140g CO
Medlemmerne af JAMA og KAMA forpligter sig til at nået gennemsnitsmål på 140 g CO,/km i år 2009 for nye personbiler, der sælges i EU.
/km for their fleet of new passenger cars sold
Disse tilsagn svarer til de frivillige tilsagn, som Foreningen af Europæiske Automobilfabrikanter (ACEA) gav i 1998(54).
2 in the EU by the year 2009.The commitments correspond to the voluntary commitment entered into in 1998 by the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA).(55
Tilsagnene opstiller ikke noget mål for de enkelte fabrikanter, men kun et gennemsnitsmål for alle JAMA- og KAMA-medlemmer.
The commitments do not impose a target on individual manufacturers, but only an average target for all JA-
Bilfabrikanterne er frit stillet med hensyn til at udvikle og introducere ny C02-cffektiv teknologi uafhængigt af og i konkurrence med hinanden.
2 nologies independently and in competition with each other.
De enkelte bilfabrikanters resultater vil ikke fremgå af tilsynsrapporteme for ikke at fordreje konkurrencen mellem medlemmerne.
The monitoring reports will not refer to the indi- vidual companies’achievements in order not to distort competition between the members.
Derfor indtog Kommissionen det standpunkt, at tilsagnene ikke virker konkurrencebegrænsende i henhold til artikel 81, stk. I.
The Commissionaccordingly took the view that they do not restrict competition within the meaning of Article81(1).
Ved en administrativ skrivelse af 6. september 1999 (55) meddelte Kommissionen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Dentalindustrie mbH (GFDI), at den ikke havde indvendinger imod de betingelser for deltagelse i Den Internationale Dentaludstilling (IDS), som vil være gældende, når fritagelsen fra 1987 (56) udløber. IDS afholdes hvert andet år i Köln af GFDI i samarbejde med den lokale messeforening.
By comfort letter dated 6 September(56) the Commission informed Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Dentalindustrie mbH (GFDI) that it had no objections to the conditions for participation at the International Den- tal Exhibition (IDS) which will apply after the expiry of the exemption granted in 1987.(57) The IDS is heldby GFDI in collaboration with the local trade fair association every two years in Cologne.
I betingelserne indgår en karantæneperiode, hvor deltagerne ikke må være med i nogen anden form for messe eller udstilling af denne form i Tyskland.
The conditions include a closed period during which participants may not take part in any otherexhibition of this kind in Germany.
Ligesom tidligere fandt Kommissionen, at denne konkurrencebegrænsende foranstaltning er berettiget på grund af rationaliseringseffekten og målsætningen om at kunne udstille så komplet et udbud som muligt af produkter for tandlæger og tandteknikere.
As in the past, the Commission considered that this restriction ofcompetition is justified by its rationalisation effect and the objective of exhibiting as complete as possible
164 ANVENDELSEN AF KONKURRENCEREGLERNE I DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION
Compared to the conditions exempted in 1987, the closed period has been reduced from five monthsevery three years to twelve weeks every two years.
Kontrakter om distribution af aviser og blade i Belgien — AMP (Sag nr. IV/C-2/31.609 og 37.306)
Newspaper distribution contracts in Belgium — AMP (Cases IV/C-2/31.609 and 37.306)
Kommissionen har undersøgt distributionssystemet for aviser og blade i Belgien, efter at l'Agence et Messagerie de Presse (AMP) havde anmeldt sine kontrakter om selektiv distribution som grundlag for godkendelse af detailsælgere.
Agences et Messageries de la Presse (AMP) having notified its selective distribution contracts with itsauthorised retailers, the Commission had to examine the newspaper distribution system in Belgium.
Problematikken i forbindelse med distribution af aviser og blade vedrører primært spørgsmålet om fastsættelse af priser.
Newspaper and magazine distribution raises the issue of price setting, as the products involved have adistinctive legal status.
Man skal imidlertid være opmærksom på et juridisk særtræk ved avis- og ugebladsproduktet: normalt er en detailsælger én, der videresælger et produkt, dvs. han har ejendomsretten til den vare, han tilbyder forbrugeren, og han udøver sin virksomhed for egen regning og risiko.
Traditionally, a retailer sells on to consumers goods that he owns and shouldersthe business risks associated with ownership of his stock.
Når det gælder distribution af aviser og ugeblade, har detailsælgeren ikke ejendomsretten til de aviser og blade, han tilbyder forbrugerne, og han løber ingen økonomisk risiko ved usolgte eksemplarer. Det er kun udgiveren, der har denne risiko, for han skal tage usolgte eksemplarer tilbage.
In newspaper distribution, the retailer does notown the newspapers and periodicals he sells and does not run the risk of being left with unsold copies.That risk is assumed by the publisher alone, who has to take back unsold copies.
Til gengæld kan han selv fastsætte salgsprisen i detailleddet, og detailsælgeren er forpligtet til at respektere denne pris.
In return, the publisheralone sets the price at which the goods are sold to the consumer and the retailer has to apply that price.
Andelen af usolgte eksemplarer af udenlandske aviser er væsentligt større end for indenlandske aviser: den kan være helt op til 50-70% imod kun 10-30% for indenlandske aviser og blade.
The proportion of unsold copies is far higher for foreign newspapers than for the domestic press: it canbe as much as 50-70% as against only 10-30% in the case of the latter.
Salg af aviser på tværs af grænserne er et meget begrænset fænomen, primært fordi udgiverne kun tjener ganske lidt på dette salg.
Cross-border newspapercirculation is marginal chiefly as a result of the low profitability of cross-border sales for publishers.