> Artikel 48. Uskyldsformodning og forsvarets rettigheder 1. Enhver, der anklages for en lovovertrædelse, skal anses for uskyldig, indtil hans/hendes skyld er bevist i overensstemmelse med loven. 2. Respekt for forsvarets rettigheder er sikret enhver, der er anklaget for en lovovertrædelse. > Artikel 49. Legalitetsprincippet og princippet om proportionalitet mellem lovovertrædelse og straf J. Ingen kan kendes skyldig i et strafbart forhold på grund af en handling eller undladelse, som ikke udgjorde en forbrydelse efter national ret eller international ret på det tidspunkt, da den blev begået. Der kan heller ikke pålægges en strengere straf end den, der var anvendelig på det tidspunkt, da lovovertrædelsen blev begået. Hvis der, efter at en lovovertrædelse er begået, i loven fastsættes en mildere straf, skal denne anvendes. Dette charter bekræfter under hensyn til Fællesskabets og Unionens beføjelser og opgaver samt nærhedsprincippet de rettigheder, der bl.a. følger af medlemsstaternes fælles forfatningsmæssige traditioner og internationale forpligtelser, traktaten om Den Europæiske Union og fællesskabstraktaterne, den europæiske konvention til beskyttelse af menneskerettigheder og grundlæggende frihedsrettigheder, de socialpagter, som Fællesskabet og Europarådet har vedtaget, samt De Europæiske Fællesskabers Domstols og Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedsdomstols retspraksis.
The freedom to found educational establishments with due respect for democratic principles and the right of parents to ensure the education and teaching of their children in conformity with their religious, philosophical and pedagogical convictions shall be respected, in accordance with the national hws governing the exercise of such freedom and right. > Article 15. Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work 1. Everyone has the right to engage in work and to pursue a freely chosen or accepted occupation. 2. Every citizen of the Union has the freedom to seek employment, to work, to exercise the right of establishment and to provide services in any Member State. 3. Nationals of third countries who are authorised to work in the territories of the Member States are entitled to working conditions equivalent to those of citizens of the Union. > Article 16. Freedom to conduct a business The freedom to conduct a business in accordance with Community law and national hws and practices is recognised. > Article 17. Right to property J. Everyone has the right to own, use, dispose of and bequeath his or her fowfully acquired possessions. No one may be deprived of his or her possessions, except in the public interest and in the cases and under the conditions provided for by hw, subject to fair compensation being paid in good time for their loss. The use of property may be regulated by law in so far as is necessary for the general interest. 2. Intellectual property shall be protected. > Article 18. Right to asylum The right to asylum shall be guaranteed with due respect for the rules of the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 and the Protocol of 31 January 1967 rehting to the status of refugees and in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community. > Article 19. Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition 1. Collective expulsions are prohibited. 2. No one may be removed, expelled or extradited to a State where there is a serious risk that he or she would be subjected to the death penalty, torture or other inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. > Article 33. Family and professional life Í. The family shall enjoy legal, economic and social protection. 2. To reconcile family and professional life, everyone shall have the right to protection from dismissal for a reason connected with maternity and the right to paid maternity leave and to parental leave following the birth or adoption of a chM. > Article 34. Social security and social assistance i. The Union recognises and respects the entitlement to social security benefits and social services providing protection in cases such as maternity, illness, industrial accidents, dependency or oh age, and in the case of loss of employment, in accordance with the rules hid down by Community law and national hws and practices. 2. Everyone residing and moving legally within the European Union is entitled to social security benefits and social advantages in accordance with Community hw and national hws and practices. 3. In order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the Union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient resources, in accordance with the rules laid down by Community hw and national hws and practices. > Article 35. Health care Everyone has the right of access to preventive health care and the right to benefit from medical treatment under the conditions established by national laws and practices. A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities. > Article 36. Access to services of general economic interest The Union recognises and respects access to services of general economic interest as provided for in national laws and practices, in accordance with the Treaty establishing the European Community, in order to promote the social and territorial cohesion of the Union. > Article 37. Environmental protection A high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the policies of the ■ Union and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. > Article 38. Consumer protection Union policies shall ensure a high level of consumer protection. > CHAPTER III. EQUALITY > CHAPTER V. CITIZENS' RIGHTS > Article 51. Scope 1. The provisions of this Charter are addressed to the institutions and bodies of the Union with due regard for the principle of subsidiarity and to the Member States only when they are implementing Union law. They shall therefore respect the rights, observe the principles and promote the application thereof in accordance with their respective powers. 2. This Charter does not establish any new power or task for the Community or the Union, or modify powers and tasks defined by the Treaties. > Article 39. Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament > Article 1. Human dignity Human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected. > Article 2. Right to life 1. Everyone has the right to life. 2. No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed. > Article 3. Right to the integrity of the person J. Everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity. 2. In the fields of medicine and biology, the following must be respected in particular: > Article 20. Equality before the law Everyone is equal before the hw. > Article 21. Non-discrimination 1. Any discrimination based on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, hnguage, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation shall be prohibited. 1.