natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Deres våben og redskaber var lavet af sten, bl.a. tilhuggede flintesten.
Learning to use metal – the Bronze and Iron Ages u s e u m
Oldtidens Grækenland — ca. 2000 til 200 f.Kr.
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De gamle grækere begyndte at bygge byer for ca. 4 000 år siden.
The Roman Empire – roughly 500 BC to 500 AD
• smukke teatre og store forfattere, hvis stykker sta dig opføres i dag
The Celts. Before Roman times, Celtic peoples lived in many parts of Europe.
© s y r af guden med et billede
Rome started out as just a village in Italy.
Pa græsk vase n
a r a n
Platon, en af verdens store tænkere
Part of ancient Rome – and what the Roman soldiers looked like.
Romerriget — ca. 500 f.Kr. til år 500
Celtic art from about the 700s AD.
(f.Kr. betyder før Kristus´ fødsel) s i b r o
The Germanic peoples. Not all of them settled in Germany:
Her er nogle af de ting, som vi har fået fra romerne:
Their most famous king was Charlemagne.• The Goths (Visigoths and Ostrogoths) set up kingdoms in Spain and Italy.• The Vikings lived in Scandinavia.
• gode, lige forbindelsesveje mellem alle Romerrigets forskellige dele
The Vikings were such good sailors they even reached America (but didn’t tell anyone!).
• rundbuestil — denne arkitektur gjorde bygningerne solide og holdbare
A famous Norman tapestry shows scenes from this conquest. It is kept in a museum in the town of Bayeux.
• romerretten, som er i brug den dag i dag i mange euro pæiske lande.
A Roman aqueduct still standing today: the Pont du Gard in France.
© af en sagnfigur med billede
A battle scene from the Bayeux tapestry.
Kelterne.
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Anglerne og sakserne søgte til England, hvor de herskede indtil 1066.
After the Magyars settled in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th and 10th centuries, they founded the Kingdom of Hungary in the year 1000.
Frankerne erobrede i perioden 500-800 store dele af Europa, bl.a.
Their descendants today live in Hungary and other neighbouring countries.
Gotherne (vestgotherne og østgotherne) oprettede kongedømmer r o
Only monasteries and universities had copies of the books the ancient Greeks and Romans had written.
Vikingerne havde hjemme i Skandinavien.
Wealthy and educated people, for example in Florence (Italy), became very interested.
I 800- og 900-tallet sejlede
They could afford to buy books – especially once printing was invented in Europe (1445) – and they fell in love with ancient Greece and Rome.
Vikingerne var så dygtige søfolk, at de nåede helt til Amerika — men de fortalte det ikke til nogen.
One of the world’s most famous statues: David by Michelangelo.
Normannerne var vikinger, der først havde slået sig ned i Frankrig (i det område, som nu hedder Normandiet), og som senere erobrede England i 1066.
During the Middle Ages, kings and nobles in Europe often quarrelled and there were many wars. (This was the time when knights in armour fought on horseback).
Denne erobring er skildret på et berømt tæppe, som opbevares på et museum i byen Bayeux i Normandiet.
To defend themselves from attack, kings and nobles often lived in strong castles, with thick stone walls.
For at kunne forsvare sig mod angreb boede kongerne og de adelige tit i svært befæstede slotte med tykke stenmure.
Their monasteries often had libraries where important books from ancient times were preserved.
Kristendommen blev den vigtigste religion i Europa i Middelalderen, og næsten overalt blev der bygget kirker.
‘Gothic’ architecture (such as in Chartres cathedral, France) was a great invention of the Middle Ages.
Af dem, der stadig findes, er moskéen i Cordoba og Giralda-minareten i Sevilla de mest berømte.
One of the great Renaissance paintings: Venus by Botticelli.
Et udsnit af Spanien i Córdoba i
Leonardo da Vinci designed this ‘helicopter’ 500 years ago!
I 1300- og 1400-tallet begyndte de studerende at genopdage de gamle bøger.
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Interessen for bøger voksede blandt de velhavende og de uddannede, f.eks. i Firenze i Italien.
At the time of the Renaissance, trade with distant lands was becoming very important for European merchants.
De havde råd til at købe bøger — især efter trykkekunstens opfindelse i Europa (1445) — og de blev meget begejstrede for den græske og romerske oldtid.
For example, they were selling goods in India and bringing back valuable spices and precious stones.
Når de byggede deres huse, forsøgte de at efterligne romernes paladser, og de fik dygtige kunstnere og skulptører til at dekorere dem med scener fra græske og romerske fortællinger og med statuer af guder, helte og kejsere.
But travelling overland was difficult and took a long time, so the merchants wanted to reach India by sea. The problem was, Africa was in the way – and it is very big!
En af verdens mest berømte er: stat u -
Meanwhile, back in Europe, scientists were finding out more and more about how the universe works.
Det var, som om en glemt verden af skønhed og visdom var genopstået.
Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859.
Brunelleschi• den store opfinder og kunstner Leonardo da Vinci
But instead of reaching India they discovered the Bahamas (islands in the Caribbean Sea, near the coast of America).
Kopernikus og Galileo (som f astslog, at det er jorden og planeterne, som bevæ- ger sig rundt om solen)• smukke bygværker som f.eks. slottene i Loire-dalen
Another writer, Voltaire, said the world would be better if reason and knowledge replaced ignorance and superstition.
Leonardo da Vinci tegnede en »helikopter« for 500 år siden.
One of their revolutionary slogans was ‘freedom, equality and brotherhood’ – which eventually became the French national motto.
Store opdagelser og nye idéer — ca. år 1500-1900
Vasco da Gama – the first man to sail from Europe to India.
Indien og hjembragte værdifulde krydderier og ædelstene.
Voltaire, one of the great writers of the Enlightenment age.
Hvis verden virkelig var rund (sådan som man efterhånden mente, den måtte være), burde det være muligt at nå Indien ved at sejle mod vest.
A different kind of ‘revolution’ started in Europe about 250 years ago – in the world of ‘industry’.
De nåede bare ikke til Indien, men fandt i stedet Bahamas (øer i Det Caribiske Hav, tæt ved Amerikas kyst).
But now, parts of Europe were running out of forests! What else could we use as fuel?
Christoffer Columbus’ skibe i tro kopi
The dodo, a flightless bird, once lived on an island in the Indian Ocean.
Andre opdagelsesrejsende fulgte snart efter.
It was driven to extinction by European colonists.
Vasco da Gama — der sejlede fra Europa til Indien is b r o
In other words, they took over the land, claiming it now belonged to their home country in Europe.
Dronten, en fugl, der ikke kunne flyve, fandtes ere på en
Henry Bessemer — inventor of modern steelmaking.
De tog landet i besiddelse og hævdede, at det nu tilhørte deres hjemland i Europa.
Coal powered the newly-invented steam engines.
De førte også deres tro, skikke og sprog med sig — derfor er engelsk og fransk blevet de mest talte sprog i Nordamerika og spansk og portugisisk i Mellem- og Sydamerika.
It could also be roasted and turned into ‘coke’, which is a much cleaner fuel – ideal for making iron and steel.
Med tiden sejlede europæerne længere og længere omkring — til Kina, Japan, Sydøstasien, Australien og Oceanien. Søfolk, som kom tilbage fra disse fjerne steder, kunne berette om underlige skabninger, som aldrig var set i Europa. Det gjorde videnskabsmændene meget interesserede i at udforske disse steder og hjembringe dyr og planter til Europas museer.
As time passed, Europeans sailed further and further — to China, Japan, South-East Asia, Australia and Oceania.
Filosoffen og forfatteren Jean-Jacques Rousseau mente, at alle burde være lige.
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Svaret var kul.
Forty famous faces, A to Z
I det 19. og 20. århundrede blev der i Europa gjort andre opfindelser, som har været med til at skabe den verden, vi kender i dag, f.eks.:
Other European inventions from the 19th and 20th centuries helped create the world we know today.
En krigskirkegård i Flander er dens krig.
We mentioned some of them in earlier chapters.
40 berømte europæere, fra A til Z
We can’t possibly include them all in this book, so here are just 40 more names, in alphabetical order and from various European countries.
En af dem er »berømt« på en anden måde.
One of them is there for a different kind of ‘fame’.
Kan du finde ham?
Can you spot him?
På side 29 er der et tomt felt, som du selv kan udfylde. Du kan vælge, hvem du vil, f.eks. en person, der er berømt i dit eget land, eller et europæisk sportshold eller en popgruppe, du synes godt om.
We have left a blank space on page 29 for your own personal choice.
Måske kan du finde et billede og sætte det ind og skrive lidt om den person, du har valgt.
Why not find a picture of them and stick it into the blank space, along with a few facts about them?
Hvorfor de er kendte e
What they did bis
Deres sange var store hits over hele verden i 1960’erne.
Pop group: their songs were big hits around the world in the 1960s.
Komponist: Skrev en masse velkendt musik.
Composer: wrote a lot of great music.
Europas nationalmelodi,nationalmelodi,Ode an die Freude (Ode til Glæden), stammer fra hans 9. symfoni, som han komponerede i 1823.
The Ode to Joy (the European anthem) comes from his ninth symphony, written in 1823.
Opfinder: I 1989 opfandt han det såkaldte World Wide Web,som internettet bygger på.
Sadly, the story of Europe is not all about great achievements we can be proud of.
Videnskabsmand: Berømt for sine eksperimenter med luftarter og formuleringen af »Boyles lov« i 1662.
Scientist: famous for his experiments on gases and the discovery of ‘Boyle’s Law’ in 1662.
Filminstruktør og en af verdens sjoveste skuespillere. En af hans bedste film er Moderne tider (1936).
Film director and one of the world’s funniest actors.His great films include Modern times (1936).
Komponist og pianist (1810-1849): Han skrev mangeklaverstykker, bl.a. de berømte Nocturnes.
Composer and pianist (1810–49): he wrote many piano pieces including his famous Nocturnes.
Gymnast: Den første gymnast nogensinde, der fik maksimumskarakter (10 ud af 10) ved de olympiske lege i 1976.
Athlete: the first person ever to score full marks (10 out of 10) for gymnastics in the Olympic Games, in 1976.
Forsker: Sammen med sin mand, Pierre Curie, opdagede hun radium — et radioaktivt metal. De fik i 1903 nobelprisen i medicin.
Scientist: with her husband Pierre she discovered radium — a radioactive metal.
Kunstner (1904-1989): Kendt for sine underlige drømmelignende malerier i surrealistisk stil.
Artist (1904–89): famous for his strange, dreamlike paintings in the ‘surrealist’ style.
Hvorfor de er kendte is
What they did
Skuespillerinde: Hun spillede med i mange film, bl.a. originalversionen af Jorden rundt i 80 dage (1956).
Actress: she starred in many films, including the original version of Around the worldin 80 days (1956).
Komponist: Et af hans største værker er symfonien Den nye verden (1893).
Composer: his great pieces include the New World Symphony (1893).
(nu en del af Tjekkiet) s
(now part of the Czech Republic)
Videnskabsmand: I 1905 formulerede han den såkaldte relativitetsteori, der handler om, hvordan stof, energi og tid er forbundet med hinanden.
Scientist: in 1905 he discovered ‘relativity’ — in other words, how matter, energy and time are all related to one another.
Filminstruktør: Har vundet Oscar-priser for sine film Amadeus (1984) og Gøgereden (1975).
Film director: he won Oscars for his films Amadeus (1984) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975).
Psykiater (1856-1939): Han udviklede psykoanalysen, som er en metode til at klarlægge, hvordan menneskets sind fungerer.
Psychiatrist (1856–1939): he developed ‘psychoanalysis’ — a way of explaining how our minds work.
Tennisspiller: Hun vandt guldmedalje ved de olympiske lege i 2004.
Tennis player: she won a gold medal at the 2004 Olympic Games.
Fodboldspiller: Eneste fodboldspiller, der 3 gange har fået den eftertragtede titel som årets fodboldspiller (2003, 2004, 2006) af »Football Writers‘ Association« i England.
Footballer: the only player ever to have won English football’s prestigious Football Writers’ Association ‘Footballer of the Year’ award three times (2003, 2004, 2006).
Tegner og forfatter: Ophavsmand til Tintin-bøgerne (1929) og mange andre tegneserier.
Artist and writer: he created the Tintin adventures (1929) and many other comic book series.
Videnskabsmand: Han påviste i 1888 eksistensen af radiobølger.
Scientist: in 1888 he proved that radio waves exist.
Kunstner: Berømt for at pakke bygninger, monumenter og træer ind i stof, bl.a. rigsdagsbygningen i Berlin i 1995.
Scientist: around 1799 he invented the electric battery.
Kunstner (1840-1926): Berømt for sine impressionistiske malerier, herunder flere serier af Åkander.
Artist (1840–1926): famous for his ‘impressionist’ style paintings, includingseveral series of Water-lilies.
Komponist: Skrev megen stor musik, bl.a. operaen Tryllefløjten (1791).
Composer: he wrote a lot of great music, including the opera The Magic Flute (1791).
Hvorfor de er kendte
26mars2008.indd 28-29
Videnskabsmand: Han opfandt dynamitten i 1866 og indstiftede nobelprisen for store bedrifter.
We Europeans belong to many different countries, with different languages, traditions, customs and beliefs.
Sportsmand: Han vandt guldmedalje i tikamp ved de olympiske lege i 2000.
Yet we belong together, like a big family, for all sorts of reasons.
Videnskabsmand: Han opdagede, at mange sygdomme skyldes bakterier, og opfandt i 1862 en metode til at dræbe bakterier i fødevarer, den såkaldte »pasteurisering«.
People in Europe speak many different languages. Most of these languages belong to three large groups or ‘families’: Germanic, Slavic and Romance.
Kunstner: Kendt for sine såkaldt kubistiske malerier, f.eks.
The languages in each group share a family likeness because they are descended from the same ancestors.
Frøkenerne fra Avignon (1907).
For example, Romance languages are descended from Latin – the language spoken by the Romans.
Venedig eller Stor opdagelsesrejsende: For over 700 år siden rejste han Dalmatien gennem Asien til Kina og tilbage igen.
Here’s how to say ‘Good morning’ or ‘Hello’ in just a few of these languages.
Komponist: Et af hans store værker er Finlandia (1900).
Godmorgen Goedemorgen Good morning Guten Morgen God morgon
Rockband: De har siden 1980 haft mange hits i hele verden.
French Italian Portuguese Romanian Spanish
Komponist: Han komponerede mange værker, bl.a. De fire årstider (1725).
So we enjoy what’s different and special about our own country and region, but we also enjoy what we have in common as Europeans.
TIL SIDST: MIT EGET VALG
It’s not hard to see the family likeness in these examples.
Der tales mange forskellige sprog i Europa.
One way or another, for hundreds of years, there were terrible wars in Europe.
De fleste af disse sprog tilhører én af tre store sprogstammer: den germanske, den romanske og den slaviske sprogstamme.
In the 20th century, two big wars started on this continent but spread and involved countries all around the world.
Sprogene inden for de enkelte stammer har indbyrdes ligheder, fordi de har samme oprindelse. De romanske sprog kommer f.eks. fra latin — det sprog, som romerne talte.
That is why they are called World Wars.
Nedenfor kan du se, hvordan man siger »godmorgen« eller »hej« på nogle af disse sprog.
They killed millions of people and left Europe poor and in ruins.
Hos roma-folket (sigøjnerne), som lever mange forskellige steder i Europa, hedder »godmorgen« Lasho dyes.
In the language of the Roma people, who live in many parts of Europe, ‘Good morning’ is Lasho dyes.
Det kan være sjovt at lære sprog, og kendskab til sprog er vigtigt i en verdensdel som vores.
The answer is yes. That’s the story of our next chapter: the story of the European Union.
Det er en god mulighed for at bruge de udtryk, vi har lært på andre sprog.
That’s a great opportunity to practise the phrases we know in different languages.
Men vi har også meget tilfælles, ligesom en stor familie.
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• De fleste mennesker i Europa går ind for retfærdighed
Bringing the family together: the story of the European Union
, et godt naboskab, frihed til at have sin egen mening, respekt for andre og pligten til at hjælpe folk i nød.
The speech convinced not only the French and German leaders but also the leaders of Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
Vi kan godt lide, hvad der gør vores eget land og egen region til noget særligt, men synes samtidig, at det er godt, at vi også har ting til fælles som europæere.
They all decided to put their coal and steel industries together and to form a club they called the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).
Gennem mange århundreder var der forfærdelige krige i Europa.
It would work for peaceful purposes and help rebuild Europe from the ruins of war.
Kunne man ikke gøre noget for at forhindre nye krige? Ville europæerne nogensinde kunne sætte sig ned og sammen snakke om tingene i stedet for at gå i krig med hinanden?
It had been a time of terrible destruction and killing, and it had started in Europe.
Det fortæller vi om i det følgende kapitel, som handler om Den Europæiske Union.
They needed a really good plan that had never been tried before.
Familien samles: EU’s historie
The common market
De havde brug for en plan, der ikke var prøvet før.
It was set up in 1957.
Han havde tænkt på, at lande har brug for to ting, når de vil føre krig: jern til at producere stål (til at lave kampvogne, kanoner, bomber osv.) og kul til at producere energi til fabrikker og jernbaner.
He realised that there were two thingsa country needed before it could make war: iron for producing steel (to make tanks, guns, bombsand so on) and coal to provide the energy for factories and railways.
Europa har masser af kul og stål, og de europæiske lande havde således haft alt for nemt ved at lave våben og gå i krig.
Europe had plenty of coal and steel: that’s why European countries had easily been able to make weapons and go to war.
Driften skulle i stedet varetages af alle involverede lande, som så skulle sætte sig omkring et bord og tale om tingene og træffe beslutninger i fællesskab.
One of the main ideas was that the EEC countries would share a ‘common market’, to make it easier to trade together.
Jean Monnet mente, at planen kunne blive virkelighed, hvis bare de europæiske ledere var rede til at forsøge.
Until then, lorries and trains and barges carrying goods from one country to another always had to stop at the border, and papers had to be checked and money called ‘customs duties’ had to be paid.
Han talte derfor om planen med sin ven Robert Schuman, der var minister i den franske regering.
This held things up and made goods from abroad more expensive.
Talen overbeviste ikke kun de franske og tyske ledere, men også lederne i Belgien, Italien, Luxembourg og Nederlandene. De besluttede, at de ville slå deres kul- og stålindustri sammen, og lavede en sammenslutning, som de kaldte Det Europæiske Kul- og Stålfællesskab (EKSF).
The point of having a common market was to get rid of all those border checks and delays and customs duties, and to allow countries to trade with one another just as if they were all one single country.
Fællesmarkedet
Bored at the border ...
De seks lande arbejdede så godt sammen, at de snart besluttede at starte endnu et samarbejde.
Queues like this used to be part of normal life in Europe.
En af de grundlæggende idéer var, at landene i dette fællesskab sammen skulle lave et »fælles marked« for at gøre det nemmere at handle sammen.
His idea was that the governments of France and Germany – and perhaps of other European countries too – should no longer run their own coal and steel industries.
Indtil da havde lastbiler, tog og flodpramme, der transporterede varer fra et land til et andet, været nødt til at standse ved alle grænser, fordi de skulle fremvise en masse papirer og betale told.
Instead, these industries should be organised by people from all the countries involved, and they would sit around a table and discuss and decide things together.
Det gjorde det hele meget langsommeligt og betød, at varer fra udlandet blev dyrere.
That way, war between them would be impossible!
Formålet med et fælles marked var at afskaffe grænsekontrol, forsinkelser og told og at lade landene handle med hinanden, som om det hele foregik inden for ét stort land.
The Second World War had made it very difficult for Europe to produce food or to import it from other continents.
Fødevarer og landbrug
Europe was short of food even in the early 1950s.
Anden verdenskrig havde gjort det meget vanskeligt for Europa at producere fødevarer og at importere dem udefra.
Jean Monnet felt that his plan really would work if only European leaders were willing to try it.
Så sent som først i 1950’erne var der stadig mangel på mad i Europa.
He spoke about it to his friend Robert Schuman, who was a minister in the French government.
EF vedtog derfor en ordning, som betød, at landmændene fik penge for at producere flere fødevarer, og som sikrede, at de kunne tjene tilstrækkeligt ved at dyrke jorden.
Robert Schuman thought it was a brilliant idea and he announced it in an important speech on 9 May 1950.
Denne ordning kom til at hedde »den fælles landbrugspolitik«.
This arrangement was called the ‘common agricultural policy’ (or CAP).
Mejetærskere er store andre afgrøder.
Machines like this are used to harvest wheat and other crops.
Fællesmarkedet gav snart befolkningen i EF bedre levevilkår.
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P å de tte billede
Bringing the family together
Klubben udviklede sig hen ad vejen.
Meanwhile, exciting things were happening beyond the EU’s borders.
Ved udgangen af 1992 var man ikke blot færdig med at oprette det såkaldte »indre marked«, men man havde også sat andre ting i gang.
For many years, the eastern and western parts of Europe had been kept apart. They weren’t at war, but their leaders disagreed strongly.
EF-landene havde indledt et samarbejde for at beskytte miljøet og bygge bedre veje og jernbaner i hele Europa.
The rulers of the eastern part believed in a system of government called ‘Communism’ which did not allow people much freedom.
De rigere lande hjalp de mindre velstående med at bygge veje og gennemføre vigtige projekter.
Because of the way they were governed, those countries were poor compared to western Europe.
For at beskytte at bruge vindenergi
The common market was soon making life easier for people in the EEC.
Folk fra én medlemsstat kunne nu frit slå sig ned og arbejde i en anden medlemsstat.
They had more money to spend, more food to eat and more varied things in their shops.
EF-landenes regeringer tog også andre nye idéer op, f.eks. hvordan politiet i de forskellige lande kunne hjælpe hinanden med at fange forbrydere, narkotikasmuglere og terrorister.
Other neighbouring countries saw this and, in the 1960s, some of them began asking whether they too could join the club.
En politimand og narkotika.hans hund tjekker bagage for
The division between east and west was so strong it was often described as an ‘iron curtain’.
Der var sket så store ændringer i klubben, og dens medlemskreds var efterhånden så tæt forenet, at det i 1992 blev besluttet at ændre navn til »Den Europæiske Union« (EU).
In many places the border was marked by tall fences or a high wall, like the one that ran through the city of Berlin and split Germany in two. It was very difficult to get permission to cross this border.
Familien samles
Joining the club.
Landene i øst var fattige i forhold til Vesteuropa på grund af den måde, de blev styret på.
In this picture, Denmark signs up for membership.
Grænsen mellem øst og vest blev omtalt som »jerntæppet«, fordi den var så uigennemtrængelig.
discussions, the United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland joined in 1973.
Mange steder var der opsat høje hegn, og i Berlin var der en solid mur, så hele Tyskland var delt i to.
It was the turn of Greece in 1981, followed by Portugal and Spain in 1986, and Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995.
Jerntæppet eksisterede ikke længere, og Tyskland blev hurtigt genforenet.
The Berlin wall was knocked down and the ‘iron curtain’ ceased to exist.