natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Via den nationale kontaktmyndighed kan du få mere at vide om finansieringsmulighederne og om ESF’s aktiviteter i dit område. Listen over nationale kontaktmyndigheder finder du på: http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/emplweb/esf
Get in touch with your nationalcontact to find out more about funding opportunitiesand what the ESF is doing in your area.
• ESF’s historie• ESF’s prioriteringer og målsætninger• ESF-støttede projekter og aktiviteter.
The European Union's Europa website has furtherinformation on:•the history of the ESF,•ESF priorities and objectives,•ESF supported projects and activities.
Denne publikation er foranlediget af Europa-Kommissionen inden for rammerne af EF-handlingsprogrammet for bekºmpelse af forskelsbehandling (2001-2006).
This publication has been commissioned by the European Commission under the framework of the European Community Action Programme to Combat Discrimination (2001-2006).
Indholdet afspejler ikke nłdvendigvis opfattelsen eller holdningen hos Europa-Kommissionen, Generaldirektoratet for Beskºftigelse, Sociale Anliggender, Arbejdsmarkedsforhold og Ligestilling.
The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of the European Commission,Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
De udtrykte synspunkter tilhłrer kontrahenten, som har udarbejdet rapporten, og reprºsenterer ikke nłdvendigvis noget officielt synspunkt hos Kommissionen og i sºrdeleshed Generaldirektoratet for Beskºftigelse, Sociale Anlig-gender, Arbejdsmarkedsforhold og Ligestilling, som har bestilt arbejdet udfłrt.
Views expressed herein are those of the contractor producing this report, and do not necessarily representanyofficial view of the Commission and in particular the Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairsand Equal Opportunities, which commissioned the work.
Denne kursushìndbog er udarbejdet af human european consultancy i samarbejde med Migration Policy Group.
This training manual was produced by human european consultancy in partnership with the Migration Policy Group .
human european consultancy, der er baseret i Holland, yder konsulentservice til ikke-statslige organsationer (ngo'er), regeringsinstanser, mellemstatslige organisationer (igo'er) og udviklingsagenturer inden for omrìderne sundhedspleje, social sikring, arbejdsrelationer og menneskerettigheder.
human european consultancy,based in the Netherlands, provides consultancy services to non-governmen-tal organisations (NGOs), governments, inter-governmental organisations (IGOs) and development agenciesin the areas of health care, social protection, labour relations and human rights.
Migration Policy Group er en uafhºngig organisation, der engagerer sig i den politiske udvikling vedrłrende mobilitet, migration, mangfoldighed, ligestilling og antidiskrimination ved dels at fremme udvekslingen mellem interesserede parter fra alle samfundssektorer, dels at udvikle effektive svar pì disse udfordringer og muligheder.
The Migration Policy Groupis an independent organisation committed to policy development on mobility,migration, diversity, equality and anti-discrimination by facilitating the exchange between stakeholders fromall sectors of society and generating effective responses to these challenges and opportunities.
Europe Direct er en service, der har til formìl at hjºlpe med at besvare Deres spłrgsmìl om Den Europºiske Union
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union
(*) Nogle mobiloperatłrer tillader ikke opkald til 00 800-numre eller tager betaling for sìdanne opkald.
(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.
Yderligere oplysninger om EU fìs pì internet via Europa-serveren (http://europa.eu) Bibliografiske data findes bagest i denne publikation
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).
Luxembourg: Kontoret for De Europºiske Fºllesskabers Officielle Publikationer, 2006
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006
Ç De Europºiske Fºllesskaber, 2006 Eftertryk tilladt med kildeangivelse
©European Communities, 2006
TRYKT PÌ IKKE-KLORBLEGET PAPIR
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER
Indledning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . .................................................................................................................
Definition af andre begreber i direktiverne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The concept of discrimination in EU law and policy ....................................Definition of other concepts in the Directives .............................................
27Hvad behłver en ngo for at udfylde sin rolle? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Hvorfor er ngo'er bedre end andre organisationer i stand
Why are NGOs better placed than other organisations to work towards combating discrimination? ..............................................................
Styrkelse af bevidstheden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Awareness-raising ...........................................................................................
Kompetencer og vºrktłjer til bekºmpelse af diskrimination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monitoring/Influencing the development of policy and law ......................Support to individual victims .........................................................................
Procedurer ̌ egnede administrative og juridiske kanaler til at imłdegì krºnkelser af lovgivningen om ligebehandling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procedures – administrative and legal channels appropriate for
Velkommen til denne kursushìndbog!
Welcome to this training manual!
Ngo'er har en afgłrende rolle med hensyn til at sikre, at lovgivningen om ligebehandling forstìs og hìndhºves i praksis.
NGOs have a vital role to play in making anti-discrimination legislation understood andenforced on the ground.
De er vigtige for dels at virke som talerłr og forsvarere for dem, de reprº-senterer, dels at hłjne bevidstheden hos reelle og potentielle diskriminationsofre, der alt for ofte er ubevidste om deres rettigheder, sìvel som hos befolkningen generelt.
They are essential in speaking on behalf of and defending thosethey represent as well as raising awareness, of both victims and potential victims of discrimination who are all too often unaware of their rights, and also of the general public.
Hìndbogen er blevet anvendt af de nationale kursusledere, som har forestìet nationale kursus-seminarer i hvert af de medvirkende lande.
The manual was used by national trainers conducting national training seminars in eachinvolved country.
Der var deltagere fra en bred vifte af ngo'er og forenin-ger omfattende alle diskriminationsgrunde, herunder race og etnisk oprindelse (indbefattet roma-erne), religion eller tro, alder, handicap og seksuel orientering.
Participants came from a wide variety of non-governmental organisationsand associations covering all grounds of discrimination – racial and ethnic origin (including Roma), religion or belief, age, disability and sexual orientation.
Der blev i hvert af de 13 lande gennemfłrt en ‚interessent- og behovsanalyse§ til bedłmmelse af kapaciteten og rºkkevidden af de organisationer, der reprºsenterer civilsamfundet.
Astakeholder/needs analysis was carried out in each of the 13 countries to assess thecapacity and extent of organisations representing civil society.
Analy-sen gav input til det specifikke kursusindhold og bidrog til at indkredse mìlgrupperne for deltagelse i de nationale seminarer samt disse gruppers behov.
This analysis gave inputto the training specifications and helped to identify the target groups for participationin the national seminars and their needs.
De indkomne oplysninger var baseret pì svar fra de medvirkende ngo'er.
This information was based on the answersprovided by the NGOs involved.
† Uddannelse af kursusledere
Training the Trainers
I hvert af de 13 lande blev der udvalgt seks lokale kursusledere, hvoraf nogle selv tilhłrte minoritetsgrupper (se navneliste pì http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/civil/civ_en.htm).
In each of the 13 countries, six local trainers were selected, some coming themselvesfrom minority groups (for list see http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/civil/civ_en.htm).
Der blev i marts 2005 holdt fire seminarer til uddannelse af de natio-nale kursusledere.
Four ‘Train the Trainers’ seminars targeting thenational trainers took place in March 2005.
Bekºmpelse af diskrimination ̌ En uddannelseshìndbog
Combating Discrimination – A Training Manual
I de nationale seminarer, der hovedsageligt foregik i juni 2005, medvirkede omkring 50 delta-gere pr. land. Her kunne kursuslederne anvende deres fºrdigheder og viden.
National seminars took place mainly in June 2005, with about 50 participants per country, and the trainers were able to use their skills and knowledge.
Materialet til de nationale seminarer bestod af denne hìndbogs kursusmoduler oversat til de nationale sprog og yderligere et antal minoritetssprog.
The material for thenational seminars consisted of the training modules which can be found in this manualtranslated into national languages, and into some minority languages.
Materialet her i hìndbogen er beregnet til kursusdeltagerne.
The material in this manual was designed for the recipients of the training.
Vi hìber, at hìndbogens indhold vil vºre nyttigt for personer og organisationer, som er aktive i kampen mod diskrimination (forskelsbehandling), uanset hvor de befinder sig i EU.
We hope the material in this manual will be useful for individuals and organisations activein the fight against discrimination wherever they may be in the European Union.
Efter de vellyk-kede kursusseminarer i de nye medlemsstater og i Rumºnien, Bulgarien og Tyrkiet, har Europa-Kommissionen besluttet, at der i 2006 skal fłlges op pì kursusinitiativet i alle 25 medlemsstater og i Rumºnien, Bulgarien og Tyrkiet, samt at der blandt deltagerne i disse lande ogsì skal inddrages arbejdsmarkedsparter.
Followingthe success of the training seminars in the new Member States and Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey the European Commission has decided to fund a follow-up of this training exercisein all 25 Member States and in Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey in 2006 as well as to includesocial partner organisations in these countries among the participants.
Europa-Kommissionen har taget initiativet til projektet, der er finansieret af EF-handlingsprogram-met for Bekºmpelse af Forskelsbehandling (2001-2006).
The project is a European Commission initiative funded by the Action Programme to Combat Discrimination (2001-2006).
For gennemfłrelsen stìr human euro-pean consultancy (www.humanconsultancy.com) i samarbejde med Migration Policy Group (www.migpolgroup.com) og lokale partnere i hvert af de 13 lande.
It was carried out by human european consultancy(www.humanconsultancy.com) in partnership with the Migration Policy Group (www.migpolgroup.com) and local partners in each of the 13 countries.
† at deltagerne tilegner sig basisviden om beskaffenheden af EU's lovgivning og institutioner
For the participants to gain a basic knowledge of the nature of European law and institutions
† at deltagerne tilegner sig forstìelse af begrebet diskrimination/forskelsbehandling.
For the participants to gain an understanding of the concept of discrimination
Den Europºiske Union (EU) omfatter 25 medlemsstater: Belgien, Cypern, Danmark, Den Tjekkiske Republik, Det Forenede Kongerige, Estland, Finland, Frankrig, Grºkenland, Irland, Italien, Letland, Litauen, Luxembourg, Malta, Nederlandene, Polen, Portugal, Slovakiet, Slovenien, Spanien, Sveri-ge, Tyskland, Ungarn og Łstrig.
The European Union (EU) comprises twenty-five Member States: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Der er for łjeblikket to tilltrºdelseslande og to kandidatlande, nemlig Bulgarien, Rumºnien, Kroa-tien og Tyrkiet.
There are, at present, two acceding and two candidate countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Croatiaand Turkey.
Fire hovedinstitutioner er betroet udfłrelsen af EU's arbejdsopgaver:
There are four principal institutionswhich are entrusted with carrying out the tasks ofthe EU:
† Lovgivende myndighed baseret i Bruxelles (Belgien).
Legislative arm based in Brussels (Belgium)
† Rìdet har seks hovedansvarsomrìder:
The Council has six key responsibilities:
̨ at vedtage EU-lovgivning ̌ i mange tilfºlde i samarbejde med Europa-Parlamentet
Topass European laws:in many fields it legislates jointly with the European Parliament;
̨ at godkende EU's budget i samstemmighed med Europa-Parlamentet
To approve the EU's budget,jointly with the European Parliament;
̨ at udvikle EU's fºlles udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik
To develop the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy;and
̨ at koordinere samarbejdet mellem de nationale domstole og politistyrker i strafferet-lige anliggender.
To co-ordinate co-operation between the national courts and police forcesincriminal matters.
† Rìdet bestìr af reprºsentanter for medlemsstaterne pì ministerplan. Hver medlemsstat har ïn reprºsentant med befłjelse til at indgì bindende aftaler pì vegne af hjemlandets rege-ring.
Consists of representatives of the Member States at ministerial level (one representative per Member State) who are authorised to commit their governments
† Rìdsformandskabet gìr pì skift mellem medlemsstaterne i seks mìneder ad gangen.
The Presidency of the Council is held on a rotation basis by Member States for sixmonth periods
† Rìdets formand reprºsenterer EU i internationale anliggender.
The President of the Council represents the EU in international affairs
̨ at fremsºtte lovgivningsforslag for Parlamentet og Rìdet
To propose legislationto the Parliament and the Council;
̨ at forvalte og gennemfłre EU-politikkerne (f.eks. diskriminationspolitikken) og bud-gettet
To manage and implement EU policies(e.g. discrimination policies) and thebudget;
̨ at hìndhºve fºllesskabslovgivningen (i samarbejde med EF-Domstolen)
To enforce Community law(jointly with the Court of Justice); and
̨ at reprºsentere EU i international sammenhºng, f.eks. ved at forhandle aftaler mellem EU og andre lande.
To represent the EUon the international stage, for example by negotiatingagreements between the EU and other countries.
† Hver medlemsstat har en Europa-kommissºr, som udnºvnes af hjemlandets regering for fem ìr ad gangen. Kommissºrerne, der handler upartisk og uafhºngigt, er hver isºr ansvarlig for et bestemt politikomrìde.
Consists of one Commissioner per Member State, appointed by the governmentsfor five-year terms, acting impartially and independently, with responsibility for aparticular policy area.
Kommissionens indsats pì diskriminationsomrìdet er nºrmere beskrevet i afsnit 1.3.
For some more details of the Commission’s actions in the field of discrimination see 1.3below.
̨ det deler lovgivningsmagten med Rìdet
It shares with the Council the power to legislate;
̨ det forestìr den demokratiske overvìgning af alle EU-institutionerne og isºr af Kom-missionen.
It exercises democratic supervision over all EU institutions,and in particular the Commission .
Det har befłjelse til at godkende eller forkaste udnºvnelsen af alle Europa-kommissºrer og ret til at afsºtte Kommissionen som helhed
It has the power to approve or reject the nomination of all Commissioners, and it has the right to censure the Commission as a whole; and
Parlamentets udvalgsmłder og alle yderligere plenarforsamlinger foregìr i Bruxelles (Belgien). Luxembourg er hjemsted for de administrative kontorer (Generalsekretariatet).
Parliamentary committee meetings and any additional plenary sessions areheld in Brussels (Belgium), whilst Luxembourg is home to the administrative offices (the ‘General Secretariat’).
† Europa-Parlamentets medlemmer (MEP'er) vºlges direkte ved almindeligt direkte valg hvert femte ìr. Enhver EU-borger kan opstille til parlamentsvalg, og man kan som EU-borger stemme i ethvert EU-land, som man har bosat sig i.
Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are directly elected by universal suffrage every five years; any EU citizen may stand for election and EU citizens mayvote in whichever Member State they live in.
† Man mì ikke pì samme tid vºre MEP og medlem af en national regering, hvorimod man samtidig kan vºre medlem af det nationale parlament.
MEPs may not concurrently serve in a national government but may hold a seat inanational parliament; they sit in multinational political parties.
Der er sìledes udvalg om beskºftigelse og sociale anliggender, om kvinders rettigheder, om borgerlige friheds-rettigheder, retlige anliggender og indre anliggender. Derimod er der endnu ikke nedsat
There is a Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, one on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality and
Nłglebegreber i kurset noget udvalg om andre ligestillingsspłrgsmìl.
Key concepts in the training one on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, but there is not as yet a Committee dedicated to other equality issues.
Udvalget for Andragender svarer pì andra-gender indgivet af private personer, som finder, at deres EU-beskyttede rettigheder er ble-vet krºnket (se bilag om ‚Diskrimination i national sammenhºng§, punkt 3.2, ‚Procedurer ̌ egnede administrative og juridiske kanaler til at imłdegì krºnkelser af lovgivningen om ligebehandling§).
The Committee on Petitions responds topetitions submitted by individuals who consider that their protected EU rightshave been violated (see National Context – Section 3.2 Administrative and legalchannels for challenging violations of anti-discrimination legislation).
D. EF-Domstolen (Domstolen for De Europºiske Fºllesskaber)
European Court of Justice (ECJ)
† De Europºiske Fºllesskabers (EF) ̌ og dermed EU's ̌ domstol er baseret i Luxembourg.
Main court of the EU, based in Luxembourg
† Domstolen bestìr af ïn dommer pr. medlemsstat, bistìet af otte generaladvokater, der har til opgave at fremfłre begrundede udtalelser i sager indbragt for Domstolen.
Consists of one judge per Member State, assisted by eight Advocate-Generalswhose role is to present reasoned opinions on the case to the ECJ
† Dommerne udnºvnes i samrìd mellem medlemsstaternes regeringer for seksìrige perio-der, der kan fornyes.
Judges appointed by joint agreement of the governments of the Member Statesfor renewable six-year terms
† Vigtigste kompetenceomrìder:
Main jurisdiction:
̨ Słgsmìl om prºjudicielle afgłrelser: Hvis en national domstol er i tvivl om fortolkningen eller gyldigheden af en EU-retsakt, kan den ̌ og skal i nogle tilfºlde ̌ spłrge EF-Dom-stolen til rìds.
Requests for a preliminary ruling:if a national court is in any doubt about theinterpretation or validity of an EU law it may, and sometimes must, ask the ECJfor advice.
Rìdgivningen har form af en prºjudiciel afgłrelse (se bilag om ‚Diskrimina-tion i national sammenhºng§, punkt 3.2, ‚Procedurer ̌ egnede administrative og juridi-ske kanaler til at imłdegì krºnkelser af lovgivningen om ligebehandling§).
This advice is given in the form of a ‘preliminary ruling’ (see further National Context – Section 3.2 Administrative and legal channels for challenging violations of anti-discrimination legislation);
̨ Proceduren vedrłrende manglende overholdelse af fºllesskabsretten: Kommissionen eller medlemsstaterne kan indlede słgsmìl ved begrundet formodning om, at en med-lemsstat ikke overholder sine forpligtelser i henhold til EU-lovgivningen (se bilag om ‚Dis-krimination i national sammenhºng§, punkt 3.2, ‚Procedurer ̌ egnede administrative og juridiske kanaler til at imłdegì krºnkelser af lovgivningen om ligebehandling§).
Proceedings for failureto fulfil an obligation:the Commission or Member States can initiate proceedings if they have reason to believe that a Member State is failing to fulfil its obligations under EU law (see further National Context – Section 3.2 Administrative and legal channels for challenging violationsof anti-discrimination legislation); and
̨ Słgsmìl pì grundlag af retsspłrgsmìl: Sìdanne sager kan kun appelleres til Retten i Fłrste Instans, der blev oprettet i 1989 med det formìl at lette Domstolens arbejdsbyrde.
Appeals on points of lawonly against judgments by the Court of First Instance,which was created in 1989 to alleviate the workload of the ECJ, and which isalso based in Luxembourg.
† Afgłrelser trºffes ved flertal.
Decisions are reached by majority.
Der afgives ingen indbyrdes modstridende udtalelser, idet afgłrelserne undertegnes af alle de dommere, der har deltaget i rìdslagningen, og forkyn-des ved ìbent retsmłde.
There are no dissenting opinions; judgments aresigned by all the Judges who took part in the deliberations and are read in opencourt.
EU-lovgivningens generelle principper og retskilder
General principles and sources of EU law
EU skal handle inden for rammerne af sine befłjelser som foreskrevet i traktaterne.
The EU must act within the limits of its powers as set out in the Treaties.
Subsidiaritets-princippet (nºrhedsprincippet) er styrende for kompetenceudłvelsens lovformelighed. Pì omrì-der, der ikke falder ind under EU's enekompetence (f.eks. hvor kompetencen deles med medlems-staterne), kan Unionen kun handle, hvis handlingens mìl ikke i tilstrºkkelig hłj grad kan nìs af medlemsstaterne selv.
The principle ofsubsidiarity regulates the lawfulness of the exercise of competence: in areas which do notfall within its exclusive competence (i.e. where competence is shared with the Member States) the EU can only take action if the objectives of that action cannot be sufficientlyachieved by the Member States.
I tilfºlde af konflikt har EU-lovgivningen forrang for national lovgivning.
In cases of conflict, EU law is supreme over national law.
Formìlet hermed er at sikre, at de nationale domstole fortolker og anvender EU-bestemmelserne ensartet. EF-Domstolen
This is to ensure the uniformity of EU law and its interpretation by the national courts.
Bekºmpelse af diskrimination ̌ En uddannelseshìndbog har afsagt kendelse om, at EU udgłr en ny retsorden, til hvis fordel medlemsstaterne har begrºn-set deres suverºne rettigheder, og at en national domstol er forpligtet til at give EU-lovgivningens bestemmelser fuld gyldighed, ogsì selv om man herved mì give afkald pì at anvende modstri-dende national lovgivning, hvad enten denne er vedtaget fłr eller efter den pìgºldende EU-rets-akt.
Combating Discrimination – A Training Manual even if this means refusing to apply conflicting national law, whether adopted prior or subsequent to the particular piece of EU legislation.
EU-lovgivningens retskilder kan inddeles i tre kategorier:
The sources of EU law can be divided into three categories:
† primºre retskilder: traktaterne mellem medlemsstaterne og aftaler med tredjelande
Primary sources: The Treaties between the Member States, and agreements with thirdcountries.
† sekundºre (afledte) retskilder: forordninger, direktiver, beslutninger/afgłrelser, henstillinger og udtalelser
Secondary sources: Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions.
† den europºiske fºllesakt, 1986
The Single European Act of 1986
EF-traktatens artikel 249 foreskriver, at:
Article 249 of the EC Treatystates:
Den er bindende i alle enkeltheder og gºlder umid-delbart i hver medlemsstat.
It shall be binding in itsentirety and directly applicable in all Member States.