natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Sådanne anledninger spiller naturligvis først og fremmest en rolle for dem, der arbejder i Centeret eller for Centeret og for dem, der styrer dets politiske aktiviteter. Og for alle andre?
Milestones such as these are, of course, very important to those who work in or for an institution and those who administer its policies.
I redaktionen har vi spurgt os, om vi ikke på en eller anden måde kunne delagtiggøre læserne i nogle brudstykker af den status, der ved afslutningen af ti års arbejde er obligatorisk. Da vi diskuterede det, syntes det os imidlertid, at ordet »status« ville have ført os i retning
When one reaches the end of a decade, it is customary to step back and review what has been done, and the question of whether our readers should be given a few choice morsels from such a review was debated by our editorial staff.
Denne første undgå noget sådant har vi i stedet valgt at fortælle.
We tried to avoid both these temptations by choosing simply to tell our story.
Således fødtes ideen om et særnummer, som forener en række artikler om de emner, der har udgjort (og til dels stadig udgør) skelettet i CEDEFOPs arbejdsprogram.
This generated the idea of a special issue containing a series of articles on the themes which have provided (and to an extent still do today) the framework for Cedefop's programme of activities.
Nærværende nummer af tidsskriftet er således konkretiseringen af denne idé.
This issue is the embodiment of that idea.
serie af artikler og interviewer afsluttes af en artikel af Jean Degimbe, generaldirektør for EF-Kommissionens generaldirektorat for beskæftigelse, sociale anliggender og uddannelse.
The last in this series of articles and interviews is by Mr Jean Degimbe, Director-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Education in the European Commission.
Artiklen bærer blandt andet vidnesbyrd om den snævre forbindelse, der er mellem CEDEFOPs aktiviteter og Kom missionens, som Centeret i øvrigt, i henhold til dets institutionelle opgave, er forpligtet til at assistere gennem sin tekniske og videnskabelige virksomhed.
His article bears witness to the close links between the work being done by Cedefop and the Commission, quite apart from the fact that Centre has a duty under its terms of reference to provide technical and scientific support to the Commission.
Det er vort håb, at dette særnummer vil give læserne et samlet overblik over Centerets arbejde i de første ti år af dets eksistens.
It is interesting to look at the ' history' of the Centre's activities in conjunction with the evolution of the environment in which it operates.
Det, det i stedet ikke vil kunne give et billede af, er de betydelige resultater, CEDEFOP har opnået, og som udgøres af det meget snævre samarbejde i alle fællesskabslande med offentlige og private organisationer og institutioner, universiteter, forskningsinstitutter, erhvervsuddannelsescentre, foreniger, biblioteker og dokumentationscentre.
It is no coincidence that the year of Cedefop's foundation was the year in which the crisis we are still experiencing
De artikler, der følger, beskæftiger sig med vigtige emner og problemer i forbindelse med de temaer, Centeret har behandlet i sit tiårige arbejde.
The articles that follow are on significant subjects included in the themes tackled by the Centre in its first 10 years.
Det store antal foranstaltninger, studier og forskningsarbejder, som
The Centre's capital assets are the projects, research and
»Fortællingen« om Centerets aktiviteter er interessant, hvis den læses på baggrund af den udvikling, det økonomiske liv har været udsat for i disse ti år.
We trust that this special issue will give our readers an overall picture of what the Centre has achieved in the first 10 years of its existence.
Det er ikke et tilfælde, at CEDEFOP blev oprettet samme år, som den krise, vi stadig oplever, bredte sig som ringe i vandet i alle Fællesskabets medlemslande.
What it cannot convey, on the other hand, is the extent of the resources acquired by Cedefop in the form of all its close ties of cooperation with agencies and institutions, both public and private, universities, research institutes, vocational training centres, associations, libraries and documentation centres in every country in the European Community.
Derfor har vi følt det interessant at indlede dette særnummer af tidsskriftet med en artikel af Roger Faist, direktør for
We could not even count the number of people who have visited Cedefop and have met on its premises, nor the number of cases in which fruitful cooperation has been launched in the fields of research and the devising and testing of vocational training schemes -and this too is a way of 'promoting the development of vocational training', Cedefop's institutional mission. DG
I løbet af ti år
Over the past 10 years
Fællesskabernes betydning for erhvervsuddannelsespolitikkens udvikling dringerne for mellemstatligt samråd på un­dervisningsområdet.
Roger Faist it implied, we should first place in its historical perspective the role the European Communities have played in the shaping of vocational training policies.
Hvor lang vej er der tilbagelagt i løbet af de ti år, der er gået?
How far have we journeyed over the past 10 years?
Hvad har vi lært?
What have we learned?
Hvormed har CEDEFOP bidraget til dem, der i medlemsstaterne står for beslutninger­ne om erhvevervsuddannelserne og som skal afgøre, om de er egnede under de nuværende vanskelige forhold og samtidig om de er i overensstemmelse med fremti­dens krav, for så vidt vi er i stand til bedømme dem nu?
What help has the Centre given to those who, at Community level and within each Member State, are responsible for decisions that will tailor vocational training policies to the problems of the hour and at the same time meet the challenge of the future, at least to the extent that we, working together, are capable of identifying that challenge?
indsats på dette område findes i traktaten om oprettelse af Det europæiske økonomi­ske Fællesskab, også kaldet Rom­traktaten.
The role of the European Communities in the development of vocational training policies
Det, der først falder i øjnene, er den store ændring, der er sket i forholdene i løbet af de sidste ti år ... !
The most immediately striking factor is how greatly the landscape has changed over the past 10 years - so short a time!
Det hindrer dog ikke, at der siden 1986 er truffet en lang række foranstaltninger fra samtlige undervisningsministres side med henblik på overgangen fra skole til er­hvervsuddannelse.
in fact a conscious decision) was revealing as to the stereotyped view taken by government officials (and experts) on the demarcation lines between education and culture on the one hand and training and employment on the other!
Disse foranstaltninger har øvet indflydelse på CEDEFOPs aktivi­tet og virket stimulerende på Centerets indsats.
The Commission, for example, was empowered to consider only those education dossiers dealing with subjects approved by the governments represented on the Education Committee.
Arbejdsløshedens alvor og i særdeleshed ungdomsarbejdsløsheden ­ den værste trussel ­ og omfanget af de omvæltninger, der ryster medlemsstaterne, Europa og ver­den, tvinger os til at tænke i ganske andre baner.
With the scourge of unemployment and the even worse scourge of youth unemployment, and with the far-reaching changes which are shaking our countries, Europe and the world, we are forced to reshape our thinking.
Erhvervsuddannelsen er udtrykkeligt nævnt i traktatens artikel 118, der giver Kommissionen til opgave at »fremme et snævert samarbejde mellem medlemsstater­ne på det sociale område, især for så vidt angår ... den almindelige og videregående faglige uddannelse ...«.
In signing that Treaty, Member States agreed to promote the improvement of living and working conditions, harmonize social systems and approximate their laws.
Særligt følelige er de i forbindelse med beskæftigelse og kvalifikationer, selv om vi alle mere eller mindre tøver med hensyn til vor indstilling til ideer og metoder.
This is readily perceptible in the closely related fields of work, employment and qualifications, although we are all somewhat hesitant when we approach operating concepts and procedures.
Men det kommer vi tilbage til senere.
This is a subject to which we shall return.
Artikel 128 er endnu mere præcis i sin udtryksform, idet den bestemmer, at Rådet skal fastsætte de almindelige principper for gennemførelsen af en fælles politik for faglig uddannelse.
Article 128 is even more specific, giving the Council the power to 'lay down general principles for implementing a common vocational training policy . . . '.
Med lad os vende tilbage til tiden efter Rom­traktatens indgåelse. I forbindelse med den økonomiske vækst føjer der sig (i det daværende Fællesskab med seks medlemmer) til det fjernereliggende mål for indførelse af en fælles erhvervsuddan­nelsespolitik ønsket om at fjerne hindrin­gerne for den faglige mobilitet medlemssta­terne imellem samt ønsket om udligning af chancerne.
In 1975, Cedefop (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training) was set up by decision of the Council (in this instance, the Council of Ministers of Labour or Social Affairs in what were then the nine Community Member States).
I 1963 opstilledes der ti hoved­principper, der fastsætter målene for erhvervsuddannelsespolitikkens udvikling.
The creation of a centre for the furtherance of vocational training — an entirely new institutional concept, moreover - was not a haphazard decision. To understand what
Sideløbende med det retlige grundlag ska­bes der et betydningsfuldt socialt interven­tionsmiddel, Den europæiske Socialfond (art. 123 til 127).
Besides creating the legal foundation for the Community, the Treaty brought into being an important instrument for intervention: the European Social Fund (Articles 123 to 127).
Samme år nedsætter Kommissionen Det rådgivende udvalg om Erhvervsuddannel­se.
Let us return, however, to the period following the Treaty of Rome.
CEDEFOP oprettedes i 1975 som fælles­skabsinstitution ved en rådsbeslutning, der blev truffet af de daværende ni medlemssta­ters arbejds­ og socialministre.
At that time of economic growth, two factors reinforcing the long-term aim of introducing a common policy on vocational training (in the Europe of the Six) were the desire to remove obstacles to the mobility of workers (the right to move from one country to another) and a concern for equality of opportunity.
Oprettelsen af et center for udvikling af erhvervsuddan­nelsen og Centerets særlige status er intet tilfælde.
In 1963 a set of 10 general principles was formulated stating the development aims of vocational training policies.
Sideløbende hermed forelægges alle af Kommissionen formelt vedtagne forslag systematisk for Det økonomiske og sociale Udvalg, der afgiver en udtalelse.
It will be noted that education policies were treated separately.
Tidligere direktør for CEDEFOP
This decision (for it was
■ opnåelse af fuld beskæftigelse ved fri bevægelighed;
In the same year, the Commission set up the Advisory Committee on Vocational Training as a forum for a dialogue with unions and employers, not just with authorities and governments.
■ hjælp til vandrende arbejdstagere; ligestillingen mellem
Only the most far­sighted of officials noticed the growing tide of jobseekers.
■ forbedring af mænd og kvinder;
Cedefop, an original structure with explicit tasks
Disse to rådgivende instanser indtager en formel rolle i den institutionelle struktur.
At the same time, the Economic and Social Committee of the Communities was kept systematically informed of plans formally drawn up by the Commission, on which it made its own views known.
De reagerer på Kommissionens forslag og deres medlemmer har til opgave at forsvare enten deres organisation eller deres tjeneste­grens standpunkt.
Under the programme, objectives that had in essence been recognized as important even in 1963 were reformulated: free
■ forbedring af livs­ og arbejdsvilkåre­ne;
■ full employment through movement across frontiers;
■ inddragelse af arbejdsmarkedsparterne i fællesskabsinstitutionernes arbejde.
■ help for migrant workers; ■ equality for men and women;
Endvidere understreges nødvendigheden af en tilpasning af undervisnings­ og uddan­nelsessystemerne til de forventede omvælt­ninger ­ ikke mindst i forbindelse med beskæftigelses­ og uddannelsessituationen.
The Centre's terms of reference are to support the Commission, but it was not set up as a Commission department.
Emnet belyses af den forvridning, der kan konstateres mellem beskæftigelsesudbud­det og de unges kvalifikationer ved erhvervsuddannelsens afslutning.
Those who inspired its creation had realized that it would be easier to reach solutions to the difficult problems that lay ahead if there could be 'broad involvement of all those concerned, in particular the two sides of industry'.
CEDEFOP får til opgave at yde Kommis­sionen bistand uden dog at udgøre en af Kommissionens tjenestegrene.
These two advisory bodies had a formal role to play in the institutional structure.
Oprettelsen skete ved forordning fra Rådet, og CEDEFOP får sine indtægter fra en konto på Kommissio­nens budget.
They acted as a sounding board for proposals made by the Commission.
D oprettelse af en stiftelse til undersøgelse af livs­ og arbejdsbetingelser (senere opret­tet i Dublin);
The terms of reference of the people who sat on them caused them to voice the views of their organizations or (in the case of the Advisory Committee) their authorities, however, and this inevitably placed restrictions on the dialogue.
D oprettelse af et center for udvikling er erhvervsuddannelse (oprettet i Vestberlin).
■ the involvement of both sides of industry in steps taken by Community bodies.
Det fremgik heraf, at socialpoli­tikken skulle korrigere for de negative udvirkninger af den økonomiske udvikling.
It was in this context that in 1969­70 the idea arose within the Economic and Social Committee that a research or study centre on vocational training issues at Community level would be of value.
Det er givet, at det første olieprischok udgjorde et alvorligt slag for erhvervslivet, men man gjorde sig ikke straks klart, hvor store omvæltninger der var tale om, og man forstod heller ikke den sande natur af de ændringer, der varsledes.
An agency of this kind would, it was argued, encourage debate and the exchange of information but not be encumbered by the constraints of having to reach immediate decisions.
Kun yderst velin­formerede kredse havde indset, at der ville ske en gradvis stigning i arbejdsløsheden, som endnu ikke udgjorde noget alvorligt problem.
It would be more free and more rich. A number of governments were also launching similar ideas at the same time.
D at udnytte fordelene af at kunne støtte sig til en bestyrelse, der er sammensat i overensstemmelse med forholdene i med­lemsstaterne og disses politiske valg; en bestyrelse hvis medlemmer alle i deres respektive hjemlande indtager funktioner, der falder nøje sammen med CEDEFOPs arbejdsfelt.
Two of the practical measures proposed to the Council by the Commission were: D the creation of a Foundation to study working and living conditions (subsequently established in Dublin); D the creation of a Centre for the development of vocational training (subsequently established in West Berlin).
Programmet indebar en omformulering af de mål, der allerede i 1963 erkendtes som værende betydningsfulde:
Of course, with a structure built upon these foundations, everything depended on certain vital points of reference:
Nu kommer CEDEFOP ind i Kommissio­nens foranstaltninger og optræder i Kom­missionens sted som teknisk rådgiver, kon­taktformidler, men også som en føler, der skal finde frem til den nærmeste fremtids problemer.
In presenting its social action programme to the Council (which the Council was to adopt in 1974), the Commission set out what was at the time the conventional doctrine: the purpose of social policy was to offset the negative aspects of economic development.
CEDEFOP bliver en selvstæn­dig institution med klart definerede opga­ver.
The first oil crisis had, of course, seriously
D at opretholde kontakten med miljøet for ikke umærkeligt at henfalde til teknokratisk navlebeskuelse.
■ A management board reflecting a diversity of national situations and political thought, each of whose members has specific responsibilities in his own country or in the Commission within the field covered by the Centre, is a unique opportunity that should not be let slip.
Hvordan skal man kunne tænke i de rigtige baner, hvis man ikke hele tiden er i kontakt med de egentlige proble­mer, der melder sig i marken og for dem, der har med dem at gøre?
If that opportunity is to be grasped, the management board can play an active role in decision­making, monitoring and support, and also act as a high­level link between the institutional parties in all their diversity.
Men samtidig måtte man ikke glemme hver­ken den primære opgave, at yde Kommis­sionen bistand, eller pligten til at udgøre et mødested for medlemsstaternes interessere­de parter.
■ Openness and awareness of one's surroundings are vital safeguards against unwittingly backsliding into technocracy and narcissism.
D at pålægge sig selv strenge regler for opgavens udførelse, så der ikke opstår misforståelser med hensyn til CEDEFOPs
How can things be seen in proper perspective unless one is constantly in touch with practical, grassroots problems and in close contact with those whose job it
. og at udruste Centeret med en f tresidet styrelse.
. . . and to make the quadripartite Management Board the directing body . . .
De, der har haft lejlighed til at samarbejde med CEDEFOP, kan bedømme afstanden mellem hensigter og resultater. Der er næppe nogen, der vil bestride den indsats, der uophørligt er gjort for at mindske denne afstand.
■ The Centre should set itself strict professional and ethical standards, and realize that its role is to provide support for the decision­making process, not to make the decisions; the greatest possible objectivity should be displayed in serving the decision­makers.
Disse bestræbelser er nødvendige, hvis CEDEFOP skal kunne varetage sine opgaver som udvekslingssted for erfaringer og ideer på fællesskabsplan. Gennem diskussioner og møder og under den kritiske behandling af de indsamlede oplysninger lærer deltagerne hinanden at kende.
It should be left to the partners who have worked with the Centre to judge how far achievement has fallen short of these good intentions, but it is hoped that none of them will fail to acknowledge the efforts constantly being made to narrow the gap.
Arbejdsprogrammerne har gennemgået en konstant forbedring. Udviklingen har været præget af den forskellige betydning, man har tillagt emnerne.
interrelated and constantly interact over the day­to­day process of thought and action.
Ved gennemlæsning af rækken af årlige arbejdsprogrammer (hvis muligheder er afhængige af bevillingerne på budgettet) får man et indtryk af udviklingen.
today. It is no longer relevant to extrapolate what will be needed 10 or 15 years from now and express it in terms of job profiles and a structure of qualifications; it is no longer possible to draw clear­cut borderlines between education and vocational train­ing.
Sidstnævnte form for udvikling har været altafgørende.
Thinking on an issue is stimulated by other people's practices, sparking off a new venture at national level that will benefit from experiments conducted elsewhere.
Til karakterisering af den vil jeg vove at sige, at en gradvis udvikling, der har været næret af en kontinuerlig overvejelsesproces mellem CEDEFOPs medarbejdere og kontakter har erstattet en proaktiv uddannelsesopfattelse med en reaktiv uddannelsesopfattelse.
Countries gradually start to cooperate, and the Community­wide dimension of problems is better appreciated.
De første år kendetegnedes af det sociale handlingsprograms prioriteringer (programmet vedtoges i 1974) med hovedvægten på foranstaltninger til skabelse af lige muligheder.
The first line of development arises understandably from the nature of the work of a new institute, to which no precedents have been handed down and which has to forge its own working tools.
Emnerne defineredes i det store og hele efter det publikum, man henvendte sig til, f.eks. unge uden kvalifikationer, vandrende arbejdstagere, kvinder etc.
During the earliest stage of its life, the prime need was to collect and process information on facts and figures, infrastructures, practices, problems and experiences which could be used in the quest for realistic solutions.
Denne udvikling kan tolkes på to måder: dels på grundlag af den typiske aktivitet i en institution som CEDEFOP, dels på grund lag af den værdi opgaverne tillægges ud fra den økonomiske og samfundsmæssige udvikling, der som bekendt har ændret sig stærkt i løbet af ganske få år. Selvfølgelig er der sammenhæng mellem disse to former for udvikling, og den påvirker også de betragtninger, der anlægges', og det arbejde der udføres.
It should be pointed out that one factor has remained constant despite changes in the architecture of successive working programmes (changes marked by a shift in the relative emphasis on different themes): in each piece of research the utmost attention is paid to the potential benefit of that research to the agencies concerned, who may have their differences but are all members of the same 'community'.
Tidligere kunne man fastsætte erhvervsuddannelsernes mål alene på grundlag af erhvervslivets og den økonomiske politiks forventede udvikling, men dette system virker ikke mere. Det er ikke længere relevant gennem ekstrapolering ti til femten år frem i tiden at fastsætte behovene udtrykt i form af fagprofiler, ej heller er skillelinjen mellem undervisning og erhvervsuddannelse brugbar.
Next, with the benefit of the wealth of resources constantly being accumulated in this way, backed by unremitting research at the highest possible level, there comes a time for more detailed analysis in order to identify interactions between the essential variables and propose a diagnosis.
Endvidere indebærer evnen til fornyelse, den vanskelige tilegnelse af evnen til at tage løb en række foranstaltninger (jf. de for risikoen i løbet af karrieren i betragtning, og skellige bidrag i det foreliggende særnum anvendelsen af alle muligheder for beskæf- mer).
In addition, however, he will have to accumulate that store in a different way from before, since he will be living in a world of great diversity of enterprise, a world in which every individual may have to switch to a different job from one day to the next.
I denne forbindelse ydede CEDEFOP et nyttigt bidrag til arbejdet vedrørende vekseluddannelserne.
Scope should be provided for adding to this initial store: there should be opportunities for going into a subject more deeply and facilities for advanced training and the acquisition of the knowledge and expertise to cope with the situation today and in the near future.
Førstnævnte form for udvikling står i for bindelse med arbejdsformen i en ny institu tion, der er nødsaget til at skabe sine egne redskaber.
The second line of development has been the determining factor.
I første omgang skal man indsamle og behandle kvantitative data og oplysninger om strukturer, praksis, problemer og erfaringer som led i arbejdet på at finde frem til realistiske løsninger.
In describing it, I would go so far as to say that ­ with the benefit of the continuous process of discussion and thought that has brought the Centre's permanent team so close to its partners ­ there has been a move away from the concept of training as a passive response and towards the idea of it being an active response.
Det viser sig med stedse større tydelighed, at vanskelighederne ikke er konjunkturbestemte, men langt mere dybtliggende.
A look at successive annual work pro­grammes (the rate of which is determined by budgetary procedure rules) will give a good idea of this evolution.