natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hermed præsenterer vi det foreløbig resultat af et omfattende arbejde vedrørende erhvervsuddannelsens terminologi, som udføres inden for rammerne af De europæiske Fællesskabers Inter institutionel le Terminologiudvalg (GIIT).
We are pleased to present the provisional edition of the interim results of a comprehensive vocational training terminology project undertaken under the auspices of the interinstitutional terminology group (G.I.I.T) of the European Communities.
Den foreløbige udgave indeholder et udvalg af sammen­lignelige grundbegreber fra ni medlemsstater og skal udvides til også at omfatte de tilsvarende begreber i Grækenland, Spanien og Portugal.
This edition covers a selection of comparable basic concepts from nine Member States, the corresponding concepts for Greece, Spain and Portugal still to be added.
Med henblik på at fremme arbejdet er der blevet udarbejdet oversættelser, som letter adgangen til det foreløbige resultat.
For the development of this work and in order to facilitate access to the interim results, the definitions of these terms have been translated.
Vi henvender os til Dem, idet vi opfordrer Dem til at bidrage til opnåelse af et godt resultat.
We are approaching you today with the request that you assist us in improving these results and would welcome any contributions you could make.
Deres bidrag på det dertil beregnede spørgeskema eller i anden form modtager vi gerne.
These may be submitted on the special form sheet or in any other form you choose.
Med venlige hilsener
Yours sincerely,
Brigitte Linshöft­Sti11er Projektleder
Brigitte Linshöft-Stiller Project Coordinator
Det Europæiske Center for Udvikling af Erhvervsuddannelse, Bundesallee 22, D-1000 Berlin 15, Tel. (030) 88 41 20, Telex 184163 eucen d, Telefax (030) 88 41 22 22
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Bundesallee 22, D-1000 Berlin 15, Tel. (030) 88 41 20, Telex 184 163 eucen d, Telefax (030) 88412222
Pris i Luxembourg (moms ikke medregnet) ECU 5 BFR 200 DKR.37
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg ECU 5 BFR 200 IRL 3.60 UKL 3.50
, KONTORET FOR DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABERS *. OFFICIELLE PUBLIKATIONER
OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Tekster idenne publikation mä medkildeangivelse frit gengives ideres helhed elleriuddrag. iuddrag.
The Centre was established by Regulation (EEC) No 337/75 of the Council of the European Communities
Arbejdsmarkedets parters rolle og voksenerhvervsuddannelserne
FR ISBN 92-826-1176-0 IT ISBN 92-826-1177-9 NL ISBN 92-826-1178-7 PT ISBN 92-826-1179-5
Arbejdsmarkedets parters rolle uddannelsen i Forbundsrepublikken
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Grundlaggende og videregäende tekniekerhvervsuddannelee samt arbejdsmarkedetspartersrollei Grakenland rolle i erhvervs-
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1990
Arbejdsmarkedetsparters uddannelsen i Spanien plads i erhvervs-
Catalogue number: HX-58-90-207-EN-C
Arbejdsmarkedets partere uddannelsen i Frankrig rolle i erhvervs-
Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged.
og erhvervsunder-
THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN BELGIUM
Arbejdsmarkedets parter visning i Nederlandene
THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS IN YOUTH AND ADULT VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN DENMARK
Arbejdsmarkedets parters uddannelseniportugal
THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL AGENTS IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN SPAIN
Arbejdsmarkedets uddannelsen i pet parters rolfe i erhvervs- Forenede Kongerige
THE POSITION OF THE SOCIAL PARTNERS IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN FRANCE
tiden finansiering af nye former for erhvervsuddannelse.
After studying the role of the social partners in vocational training in Belgium at national, regional, sectoral and entrepreneurial levels, we can formulate some general conclusions.
Et tydeligt eksempel herpä er de forskellige forsdg med deltidsundervisning og -arbejde, hvor arbejdsmarkedetsparter har veret involveret allerede fra begyndelsen og er det stadig val < .
In Belgium, there is a complex variety of vocational training provision.
I forhandlingerne mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter tagesder hensyn til problemerne omkring erhvervsuddannefse,somf.eks.ideforhandlinger,derresulteredeilovenom betalt frihed til uddannelse; forhandlingerne om lerlingeuddannelse i industrien; den seneste tverfaglige overenskomst om deltidsuddannelse, efterog videreuddannelse og pr0veperioder for unge mennesker.
The majority of vocational training courses are located within the education system (governmental and subsidized).
Pä brancheplan er arbejdsgiversammenslutningerne meget aktive indenfor erhvervsuddannelsesomrädet.
Here the formal involvement of the social partners is restricted to an advisory role vis à vis the school system.
De fors@ger at im@dekommede uddannelsesbehov, der opstär pä brancheplan.
However, in recent years, both employers' and employees' organizations have endeavoured, informally, to weld together the triangle "schools-industry-society".
Indenfor f.eks. bygge-, metal - og banksektoren forsvarer fagforeningerne deres interesser med hensyn til branchespecifik erhvervsuddannelse ved hjalp af et felles finansieringssystem.
The monopoly of state-organized or subsidized education (the school system) in vocational training has been penetrated in the course of the
og i
1 years.
ONEMer et formelt, felles organ, hvor fagforeningerne arbejdsgivernes sammenslutninger samarbejder effektivt forbindelse med planlegnirg, finansiering og organisering af erhvervsuddannelse for beskeftigede og arbejdsl@se.
We have observed that in Belgium, over the last few decades, there has been a growing formal and informal involvement of the social partners, at management level in vocational training.
ONEM, dersidensinoprettelseharbeskeftigetsigmed fär mere og mere betydning inden for erhvervsuddannelse, dette omräde.
When a new need for vocational training arises, the social partners play a direct role and also participate with the government in the planning, implementation, control and, sometimes, the financing of new types of vocational training.
Pävirksonrtredsplanblivermeret om erhvervsuddannelse.
1 the small and medium enterprises 2 courses provided by the National Labour Office
det kritisk der begyndt finnaets nelse,
At sectoral level, employers' associations are very active in the domain of vocational training.
I 95E af tilfeldene er virksomhedsintern uddan- uafhengig af arbejdsgiver- tilsyn. stär for at vare at fdre ledelse, idet den dnsker sammenslutningerne pä dette omräde
The NLO is a formal joint venture in which the unions and the employers' associations cooperate in the planning, financing and organizing of vocational training for both the employed and unemployed.
Nastenoveralterdertendenstilatdecentralisereer-hvervsuddannelsen og samtidig involvere arbejdsmarkedetsparter. Den dermed forbundne differentiering synes at for= bedre forhandlingsparternes funktion' men synes at 69e ni- skal med koordination pä h6jere af erhvervsuddannefserne problemerne i forbindelse veauer.
At entrepreneurial level, the unions' involvement in vocational training is usually limited to being simply informed.
Decentraliseringen medhenleggelsenafhelestyringentilog ogsä med de komplekse sanrmenhange i den sesiforbindelsesproqsamfundene til forhand- belgiske Overlades Iingerne industri. erhvervsuddannelsesinitiativerne mellem arbejdsmarkedetsparter, st/rre mä af - oPstär der Endvidere tverfaglige erhvervsuddannelse.
95% of intra-firm training is the responsibility of the firm's management, which wishes to remain independent of the employers' associations in this domain.
differentieringogmangelpäkoordination.vi ikke glemme den lange proces forud for talerogdevageformuleringervedr@rende former for erhvervs-
The tendency to decentralize vocational training and at the same time to involve the social partners, can be observed almost everywhere.
En stor del af de mange forskelllge uddannelse kan imidlertid forklares ud fra brancheforskelle.
The resulting differentiation would seem to improve the functioning of the negotiating bodies, but at the same time, seems to increase the problems of coordination at higher levels.
Karakteristisk for den private banksektor (uden sparekasserne) er de store bankers h@je autonomi indenfor erhvervsuddannelse af deres personale.
The decentralization of vocational training is closely linked with the decentralization of government as a whole to community level and with the complexity of
erhvervsuddannelse er og brancheplan. Heller
The trade unions play a restricted role in vocational training both at firm and sectoral levels.
Fagforeningernes begranset, bäde rolle indenfor pä virksomheds- ldse erhvervs- ikke arbejdsgiversammenslutningen kan uddannelsesproblemerne pä brancheplan.
The employers' association is unable to solve the vocational training problems at sectoral level.
Typisk for byqgesektoren er arbejdsmarkedetsparters felIes bestrabelser gennem oprettelsen af en felles instans, byggesektorens uddannelsesfond (Fonds de formation de la Construction - FFC).
Typical of the construction sector is the social partners' combined efforts through a joint institute, the Joint Training Fund for the
Nasten samtlige uddannelsestiltag grundlaggende og efteruddannelse opf@lges, st@ttes og ledes af denne felles instans.
Construction Industry (TFC). Nearly all training initiatives: school- based and continuing training, are followed up, supported and guided by the joint institution.
Der synes at vere en god dialog og et godt samarbejde mellem FFC og skolerne.
There seems to be a good dialogue and inter action between the TFC and the schools.
Derimod markes FFCrs bestrabelser ikke tydeligt i byqgevirksomhederne.
However, the TFC's efforts are less clear in the construction firms.
Afstanden mellem FFC ogvirksomhederne er endog mere päfaldende pä grund af ar-bejdsmarkedetspartersfunktionsomtendensskaberier-hvervsuddannelsenpäbrancheplan.
The distance between the TFC and the firms is even more striking because of the trendsetter role of the social partners at sectoral level in the field of vocational training.
f metalsektoren opfattes behovet for erhvervsuddannefse som et brancheproblem og behandles ogsä pä brancheplan.
Within the metal sector, the need for vocational training is felt as a sectoral problem and is also dealt with at sectoral level.
Uddannelsestiltag pä brancheplanog udenfor virksomhederne er vigtige i denne sektor.
Training initiatives at sectoral level and outside the firms are important in the metal industry.
Ser vi pä fremtiden, kan vi forvente, ät der vil blive gjort yderligere bestrpbelser pä at involvere arbejdsmarkedetsparter i erhvervsuddannelsen, da dette resulterer i en bedre overensstemmelse mellem aktuel uddan-nelse,industriensogarbejdstagernesbehov.
There is a considerable difference in the degree of involvement of the social partners in vocational training in the metal sector according to the regions, where certain initiatives may be limited to a region, a language community or a city. Accordingly, it is difficult for these initiatives to be transferred to other sectors.
Desenesteärharvist,ätarbejd.smarkedetsparterogandre institutioner, der er involveret i erhvervsuddan-nelse,kanlere,ätetsamarbejdemellemarbejdsmarke-dets parter pä erhvervsuddannelsesomrädet er serligtfrugtbringende,hvisdetbaserespäetfellesorganistedetforpäetad-hocsamarbejde.
From the experience of recent years, the social partners and other institutions involved in vocational training have learned that cooperation between the social partners in the domain of vocational training is particularly fruitful when a joint body has been established rather than relying on ad hoc cooperative relations.
ror det andet krever det mere end.enighed mälgrupper, de uddannelsess6gendes status spclrgsmäI, hvis der skal udvikles et sundt om mälsatninger,ogfinansielleerhvervsuddan- nelsessystem, bejdstagernes til arbejdsgivernes og ar- gennemf@relse og administra- der tager interesser.
Secondly,the development of a sound system of vocational training, taking into account the interest of the employers and employees, needs more than just agreement on the objectives, target groups, status of the trainees and on financial matters. The implementation and administration of
der tion af erhvervsuddannelse er der behov for infrastruktur og ekspertise, der er behov for kvalificeret personale, er uafhängigt af de implicerede parters forskellige op- fattelser.
vocational training requires an infrastructure and expertise.
For det tredje planlagnitg, det vansketigt at foretage langfristig afhenger af gentagende forhandlinger, parter nagter at sige deres mening.
It needs qualified personnel who can remain detached from the contradictions of the various parties involved.
forskellige forbavsede hvor de Vi var over at se, ät nogle fagforeningsrepra- sentanter og mange arbejdsgiverrepresentanter negter forpligte stedet for at sig over egent- drdftefremtiden,fordideikkednskeratfordeandreparter.Aftalertraderdailigplanlagning.Den manglendeäbenhedg[t det vanskeligt at foretage langfristet erhvervsuddannelsesplanlagning.
Thirdly, it would seem difficult to conduct long-term planning when everything depends on repeated collective negotiations in which the various parties refuse to reveal their positions.
Efterdelserinden athaveanalyseretdemellemfagforeningerfor erhvervsuddannelsen forskelligesamarbejdsforbin-ogarbejclsgiversammenslutningerog efter at have sammenlignet og mindre vellykkede tiltag en opfordring.
We are struck by the fact that some union representatives and many of the employers' representatives refuse to discuss the future, because they do not want to commit themselves to the other parties.
€r n6d- nes og vendig, arbejdstagernes interesser hvis erhvervsuddannelsens kontinuitet og kvalitet vesentligt, er at instj skal skal sikres.
After analyzing the various cooperative relationships between the trade unions and the employers' association in vocational training, and after making comparisons between the successful and less successful initiatives, we are obliged to make a plea.
Derudover mener vi, ät det arbejdsmarkedetspartersmedvirken til tutionaliseres, hvis en sädan kontinuitet en vis grad og kvalitet opnäs.
In addition, we believe that a certain degree of institutionalization of the involvement of the social partners is important in safeguarding the permanency and quality of vocational training.
Det krever yderligere unders@gelse at finde frem til en fremgangsmäde for den praktiske gennemf@re1se og n.prmere overvägning (elIer simulering ved hjelp af fremtidsmodeller) af arbejdsmarkedetsparters involverJ-ng i erhvervsuddannelsen.
The modes for practical implementation and close monitoring (or simulation by scenarios) of the development of the social partners' involvement in vocational training needs further study.
Arbeidsmarkedets parters og voksenerhvervsuddannel ro1le ser i
The role of the social partners in youth and adult vocational training in Denmark
' Arbejdsmarkedetsparters dannelser - i Danmarkt
'The role of the social partners in youth and adult training - in Denmark
Danmark f Danmark er der en lang tradition for og en udbredt til' fredshed med- at arbejdsmarkedetsparter spiller en meget stor rolle i samarbejdet med de offentlige myndigheder, sävel'i Po- Iitikudformning, planlagning som administrationafungdoms-ogvoksenerhvervsuddannelserogarbejdsmarkedsuddannelser.
In Denmark there is a long tradition of - and widespread satisfaction with - the social partners playing a very big role in cooperation with the public authorities, in both the formulation of policy, planning and administration of youth and adult vocational training schemes and labourmarket training schemes.
offentlige myndigheder har i hendhold t,iI galdende det Okonomiske, predagogiske og planlagningsmessige erhvervs- og arbejdsrnarkedsuddannelserne. Samme äbner pä disse felter for de sociale parters meget
The Government and/or the public authorities are responsible, financially and with regard .to teaching and planning, for vocational and labourmarket training, under the legislation in force.
Staten,/de lovgivning ansvar for lovgivning fag- de i store indflydelse. Denne indflydelse foreningssiden og arbejdsgiversiden betinget opnäet er har af, at enighed
This unity is based upon the fact that - despite other conflicts of interests - it has been possible to find between the social partners a point of compromise and a common interest in a vocational training-policy which
En sädan parterne enighed er baseret pä, at der mellem arbejdsmarkeds pä trods af andre interessemodsetninger har kunnet kompromispunkt og en fallesinteresse i en erhvervsud- findes et sikrer og hoj kvalifikationermed bredarbejds-arbejdskraftmobilitetindenforbrän- dannelsespolitik, der markedsanvendelighed cher og fag.
ensures qualifications with wide application on the labour market and high labour mobility within sectors and trades.
Denne fallesinteresses gennemslag er imidtertid et produkt af en speciel erhvervs- og fagstruktur og af specielle konstellationer af organisationsinteresser sävel pä fagbevagelses- som arbejdsgiverside - og den har en speciel hisLorisk-politisk tradition som baggrund.
However, this break-through of common interest is the product of a special vocational and trade structure, and of special constellations of interests of the organizations on both the trade union-side and the employers' side - and it is backed by a special historical and political tradition.
Den histor iske ba i af larlingeloven vedtagelsen f den danske L937 säledes udvikling indtager en nogleposition.
The passing of the Law concerning apprentices ('laerlingeloven'), in 1937, thus occupies a key position in past development in Denmark.
Forud herfor var gäet en lang strid, hvor den danske arbejderbevagelse havde sogt at opnä indflydelse pä larlingeuddannelserne og h6r var detisar indflydelsen pä virksomhedsdelen uddannelserne, d,er var central ad den politisk-parlamentaris-
Before this, a long dispute had taken place in which the Danish Labour movement had tried to gain influence over apprentice training - and here the key issue was especially influence upon the 'in-firm'part of the training, through the political parliamentary channel.
- ke kanal. fndseende med og eventuelt indgreb i nelserne (og igen specielt i virksomhedsdelen) kommunale og,/eller statslige - myndigheder var lariingeuddan- fra offentlige der imidlertid stark modstand imod, sävel fra de borgerlige politiske partier man arbejdsgiverorganisationerne.
However, there was strong opposition, from both the non-socialist political parties and from the employers' organizations, to inspection of, and possibly intervention in, apprentice training (again particularly in the in-firm part) by public - local and/or central government - authorities.
Metalomrädet arbejdsgivere samarbejde indfort ople- og havde fäet ringsregler fagbevegelse og kontrol og inspektion af virksomhedsopleringen, indforte1937-lovenbefojelsertilatparitetiskefagligeud-valgmed 2/3 majoritet kunne gennemfore og kontrollere oplaringsregler i virksonhedsdelen af uddannelserne.
achieved within the engineering and metalworking sector since 1929, in equal-representation cooperation between employers and trade unions, the Law of 1937 introduced powers whereby, with a two-thirds majority, trade committees with equal representation could implement and monitor the application of training-rules within the in-firm part of the training.
2/3-reglen betod i praksis, at idet mindste knap halvdelen af arbejdsgiverreprasentanterne i et fagligt udvalg skulle have interesse i at fä garanteret en faltes minimumsstandard for faglarte indenfor faget - og dermed agere tpolitimyndighedt overfor de arbejdsgivere i faget, som primart var interesserede i at udnytte lar- linge som billig arbejdskraft.
The practical effect of the two-thirds-rule was that at least just under one-half of the employers' representatives would have an interest in getting a common minimum standard guaranteed for skilled workmen within the trade, thereby acting as a 'policing authority' in relation to those employers in the trade who were interested primarily in using apprentices as cheap labour.
1937-toven var ved sin vedtagelse parlamentarisk onstridt.
The Law of 1937 was disputed in its passage through Parliament.
Den indebar en omfattende delegation af kompetence over larlingeuddannelserne til rdet fagtige selvstyrer i former, der indebar nodvendigheden af kompromisser og samarbejde om erhvervsuddaq-.nelserne-pätrodsafeventuelleovrigeinteressemodsatninger mellem punkter arbejdsmarkedetsparter.
It implied comprehensive delegation of powers over apprentice training to 'trade self-management', in forms which implied the necessity for compromise and cooperation on vocational training - despite the existence of any other conflicts of interests between the social partners.
Derved fik med de samarbejds- gg konfliktmonstre, kendetegner indgäelsen af kollektive udviklingen ligheds- der i alminde- overenskomster.
In this, the change had points of similarity with the patterns of cooperation and conflict which generally characterize the conclusion of collective agreements.
Det indebar at vekseluddannelserne larlingeuddannelserne - tilgodesä begge arbejds- en udvikling, der ligeligt parter. mellem
As a result, sandwich courses or alternance training systems - apprentice training systems - underwent a development which gave equal consideration to both social partners.
Reguleringen interesserne kom ind i markedets en balance virksomheder kvensen at og fagbevegelsens parterne i fellesskab af virksomhedsoplaringen indebar hos smä, mellemstore og storre interesser. Senere blev konse- blev involvereti og fik en
Although it was 85%-financed by the Government (until 1984), including compensation paid to course participants for loss of earnings equivalent to up to a maximum of 125% of daily unemployment benefit, the social partners have played a decisive role in labourmarket training.
Udviklingen af voksenerhvervsuddannelserne som startede med af i lovenom erhvervsmessiguddannelse("specialarbejderuddannelserne")og ikke-faglarte i 1950 1955 blev udbygget med ogsä bygget pä rdet fag- af faglarte, har
The history of the traditions of 'trade self-management' must therefore be regarded as an essential background to the concensus which prevails today as to the importance of giving priority to vocational training and endeavouring to ensure that as many young persons as possible have access to vocational training.
Sta- ten(indtil198{ ), incl lontabsgodtgorelse til kursusdeltagerne svarende til op til max 125$ af arbejdsloshedsdagpengene, eä har arbejdsmarkedetsparter spillet en afgorende rolle i arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne .
However, 'trade self-management' cannot handle major questions of overall training policy which involve deeper conflicts of interests.
rDet faglige selvstyre' kan imidlertid ikke händtere stOrre overordnede uddannelsespolitiske spOrgsmäl, der involverer dybere interessemodsatninger. f sädanne sp6rgsmäl involveres hovedorganisationerne, LO 2 og OR 3, og de politiske partier, folketinget og regeringen. Et sädant stridspunkt har EFG ud- gjort .
In questions of this kind, the main organizations, LO 2 and DA 3 , and the political parties, Parliament and the Government, are involved.
Reformbehov og oqet til larlingeuddannelser- specialiserede lar-
The need for reform and increased political intervention
S0rerne i forhold tilgangen de starkt f slutningen ne kritisk af lav; blev til
At the end of the '60s the intake to apprentice training was at a critically low level.
I Som i Danmark sammenfattes under betegnelsen afbejd9m?rEeds- uddannelserne eller AllU-systemet, ligesom DirEktoratet for A r-bälAsm'ar rEA sudda n nä ffi Ef E be j d sm i n i s t e r i e t f o r ko r t e s AttlU-dir.
Compared with the highly specialized apprenticeship courses under the Law of 1956 (Master apprenticeship), where the value of the apprenticeship as training and on the labour market was
=Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening.
3 DA = 'Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening', the Danish Employers'