natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Udgifter vedrørende de ansatte i den offentli­ge sektor eller statsejede virksomheder hører ind under segmentet med betegnelsen »virksom­hedsintern efter­ og videreuddannelse«.
We hope structural analyses that make it easier for 'foreigners' to under stand the system will emerge in the future with the aid of the common analytical model and description concepts.
Åben voksenuddannelse Et eksempel til efterfølgelse?
Continuing training in an open learning centre — An example that could be transferred to another culture?
hvervskvalifikationerne, men at gøre det på en helt ny måde.
n 1 August 1989, on the 23rd floor of an office tower block in the heart of Brussels a new centre
en 1. august 1989 åbnede »Forespace« på 23. sal i et højhus i Bruxelles.
O self-evident and limited.
Der er tale om en prototy nerelt at bruge samme pædagogiske fællesnævner, der ikke tager hensyn til de forskellige behov og midler.
The new knowledge and skills acquired are evaluated immediately by being put to the practical test of everyday use.
Selvstændighed og ansvarsbevidsthed bør forøges i voksenuddannelsen, og der for skal den præges af succes. Den programmerede undervisnings ophavsmand, Skinner, er af den opfattelse, at dersom 80% af deltagerne i denne under visning ikke opnår 80% gode resultater, så er det programmet og ikke elevmaterialet, det er galt med.
The problem that arises, then, is the choice of training facilities, immediately calling the traditional system of continuing training into question, particularly in the length of courses, the technical and teaching skills of the teachers and course content.
Bruxelles' virksomheder har omkring 350 000 ansatte, hvoraf over halvdelen er beskæftiget på små eller mellemstore virksomheder.
each with different prospects and goals, and you might well find a hundred trainees working on a hundred different programmes.
Efter den almindelige skolegang har de ikke haft nogen mulighed for at uddanne sig sideløbende med deres beskæftigelse. I forbindelse med virksom hedernes indførelse af edb følte de små og mellemstore virksomheders ansatte et tydeligt uddannelsesbehov, der skulle imødekommes i et lærer/elevforhold, som det de kendte fra skolen.
This demonstrates the value of a computer-managed centre where all courses can be provided on hard disk, floppy disk, videotape and videodisk, using all the transmission techniques appropriate to training programmes that are entirely geared to the individual, in design and in their monitoring of the trainee's performance.
Men i mellemtiden har forholdene ændret sig, idet målene er direkte, klare og begrænsede. Bedømmelsen af den nyerhvervede kunnen sker nu straks under udførelsen af det daglige arbejde.
The computer centre management software handles applications as a whole, and even includes the facility to book a training place for an applicant if he so wishes.
Valget af uddannelsesmidler melder sig altså og sætter hurtigt de gammelkendte erhvervsuddannelsessystemer for voksne i søgelyset, især hvad angår uddannelser nes varighed, lærernes tekniske og pædagogiske kvalitet samt indholdet.
With the volume of resources deployed and the substantial budget entailed, this represents a new approach to meeting the training needs of employees and employers in Brussels.
Det er altid de samme spørgsmål, som udtrykker vanskeligheder med at forstå stoffet.
The same choices also have to be made by institutions.
Velinformerede pædagoger har for længst udviklet under visningsformer, der ved programmeret undervisning tager hensyn til tilegnelsesvanskelighederne.
The provision of training in Brussels is substantial, but how can the continuing training needs of such vast numbers of potential clients be met, using the conventional methods of a teacher standing in front of his class?
Senere gav computeren disse programmer den fornødne smidighed ved at rette op på »papirprogrammernes« langsommelighed og tunghed selv i forbindelse med undervisningsmaskiner.
It is the ex perience of all industrialized countries that the content of training is — as so often pointed out — notoriously out of line with the job skills required by employers.
Erfaringer ne fra alle industrialiserede lande afslører den velkendte uoverensstemmelse mellem uddannelsernes indhold og virksom hedernes erhvervsfaglige krav.
The need, then, is for alternative ways of learning; the aim is to define a teaching relationship that suits each individual learner but can also be extended to the largest possible number of learners while retaining its special features.
Det nye center har plads til 100 deltagere, der udelukkende undervises ved hjælp af moderne selvstudiemetoder, der omfatter audiovisuelle hjælpemidler, datamatstøttet undervisning og i et vist omfang laserdisks.
Forespace is a prototype in that it provides 100 training workstations, based solely on selfdirected methods.
Deltagernes pladser udgør et »undervisningslandskab«, hvori de side om side kan lære så forskellige ting som sprog, forvaltning, virksomhedsledelse, moderne kontorteknik, edb, altså hovedsagelig servicefunktioner, hvilket har sin naturlige forklaring i det forhold, at servicefagene er fremherskende i Bruxelles.
The training it offers makes use of audiovisual technology and computer-aided teach ing, in some cases combined with a videodisk.
De didaktiske hjælpemidler kan imidlertid uden videre udvides til at omfatte undervisning i fag som elektronik, numerisk styring, brug af robotter etc. De 100 elever kan arbejde i hver sit tempo, på de ti der, der passer dem bedst, efter deres per sonlige program og med hver deres for mål takket være centerets computerstyrede ledelse.
The workstations are in a land scaped office space where 100 'pupils', working side by side, have access to courses on a whole variety of subjects such as languages, business administration and management, office technology and information technology.
Programmerne foreligger på hard og floppy disks, videobåndkassetter og laserdisks, og det er denne alsidige teknik, der tillader den individuelle programudformning, tilpasning og kontrol med præstationerne. Programmerne om fatter tillige forvaltningsopgaver som be stilling af kursusplads.
These are indeed essentially service sector subjects, and it should be borne in mind that the centre is in Brussels, which is above all a service-oriented city.
Den materielle og finansielle indsats er en nyskabelse med hensyn til dækning af arbejdstageres og virksomheders uddannelsesbehov i Bruxelles. xelles.
The courseware library — in other words, the set of prepackaged courses — could, however, be expanded to include more technical courses on subjects such as electronics, numerical control and robotics.
Det kræver derfor nytænkning at komme frem til en undervisningsform, der kan bruges til alle og udvides til et stort antal deltagere uden derfor at miste sine gode egenskaber.
Picture a hundred students, all of them progressing at their own pace and studying during the hours they themselves choose to work,
Desværre er det nemlig hyppigt således, at store deltagertal fører til kvalitetsforringelse: overbefolkede klasser, dårlige resultater, elever, der ikke kan følge med, og for lidt lærerpersonale.
It is a real problem that the expansion of educational resources to cater for a much wider target group often entails a loss of quality. Classes are overcrowded, young people fail at school or get left behind, teachers lose heart.
Paradoksalt nok bliver der i takt med skolepligtens forlængelse flere analfabeter i de industrialiserede lande.
Paradoxically, illiteracy is on the increase in industrialized countries at a time when the schoolleaving age is being raised.
Derfor bør man tage sig i agt for ikke inden for voksenuddannelsen at begå de samme fejltrin ved ge
We must not make the same mistakes in continuing training by opting for the common denominator of exactly the same teaching relationship, one that takes no account of different needs and different resources, and applying it to everyone.
Det forudsætter, at de, der udarbejder den programmerede undervisning, i for vejen har erfaring fra traditionel under visning, hvis de forud for selve optagelsen skal kunne definere det, man kan kalde
In Brussels, the number of people employed by companies is about 350 000, more than half of them work ing in small and mediumsized firms. They have been educated to at least up per secondary standard, but they have had no further opportunity to train while developing their careers.
ningsmaterialer og forfattere af compii terprogrammer.
produced and broadcast the TV series on learning Dutch, 'Spreek met ons mee', the 16 000 television viewers who simultaneously took the course (which is. incidentally, included in Forespace's courseware library) benefited from the educational expertise of the whole group of specialist trainers from Forem and RBTF.
Altså må man lære at undervise på en an den måde.
What needs to be done therefore, is to learn to teach in new ways.
Hvad nytter alverdens viden, hvis man er en dårlig professor, en elendig pædagog?
Everybody has memories of somebody with a brilliant mind and honorary degrees from this and that university, but who is a lamentably poor educator and teacher.
Og det omvendte er lige så skidt!
Everybody can also think of somebody who is quite the opposite.
programmets pædagogiske iscenesættelse.
the general applicability and topicality of the subject.
Udgangspunktet for ethvert ekspertsystem er eksperten.
It is extended in space in that the teaching programme is recorded and stored on magnetic tape, record, floppy disk and videodisk, which means that the educational teams can teach from a distance.
Fjernundervisningen afskaffer ikke læreren.
People must learn in different ways, and the adult trainee must be given greater in dependence and a greater sense of responsibility.
Den ændrer lærerens funktion, mangedobler hans ef fektivitet og virkefelt og gør ham mindre fysisk bundet.
To achieve this, he must be placed in a situation in which he is bound to succeed.
Samtidig gøres han til part ner for de kolleger, der fortsætter den tra ditionelle undervisning på skoler og fag skoler, fordi han bibringer med noget nyt i form af audiovisuelt og andet elektro nisk udstyr som computere etc, som nedbryder murene, tiden og den menneskelige begrænsning.
The father of programmed instruction, B.F. Skinner, used to say that unless 80% of pupils obtained 80% scores in programmed learning, it is the programme that is poor, not the pupils.
Det er det, der er målet. Men det vil aldrig kunne nås 100% afalle.
This implies that people should be taught in different ways.
Man regner med, at mindst 20% af de traditionelle former for uddannelse fortsat vil bestå.
It is the merit of courseware that it brings together multi-disciplinary teams — and this also implies inter-disciplinary teams in which educationalists, on the one hand, and technicians, on the other, are both part, each of them 'giving an inch or two' for the greater good of the end product.
På samme måde, som det er nødvendigt at forberede undervisningspersonalet til den nye rolle, er det også vigtigt at under vise eleverne i den nye form for tilegnelse.
Forem's recent experience with young teachers/jobseekers has shown that they can acquire a genuinely new qualification by putting their university education and their newly acquired skills to good advantage in producing scenarios for audiovisual methods or writing com puter programs.
Alle disse undervisningsmidler og -materialer udgør en helhed.
The originator of an expert system is always an expert.
Brugerne af »Forespace« ser ikke mange undervisere, men sidstnævnte understøttes i realiteten hele tiden af de mange eksperter, der har udviklet de forskellige audiovisuelle og datamatiske hjælpemidler, der udgør helheden.
Distance teaching, then, does not do away with the teacher but alters his function, adds to his effectiveness, extends his field of action and diminishes the constraints on the instruction he imparts.
Helheder af undervisningsmaterialer og -programmer har den fordel at samle folk fra mange forskellige fag, og de medfører også dannelse af tværfaglige grupper, hvor pædagoger og specialister i materialets udformning slår sig sammen, hvilket har en meget heldig indflydelse på det en delige resultat.
A teacher, going over the same lesson for the fifth or sixth time, who turns to his class and says, as he has for the past five or six years, 'Are there any questions?', knows what he is about to hear from the three or four youngsters who put their hands up.
Opgaven som uddanner af undervisere skal endvidere suppleres med opgaven som uddanner i udvikling af undervis ningsmaterialer.
These courses and prepackaged lessons, this 'teaching software' as we would now say, are the fruit of work done by teams of educationalists, audiovisual technicians, information technologists and ex perts in all subjects, who have thus ex tended the educational relationship in time and space.
Nylige erfaringer fra FOREM med unge arbejdssøgende lære re har vist, at disse har reel mulighed for på grundlag af deres tidligere erhvervede uddannelse i forbindelse med nyerhvervet viden at opnå kvalifikation som »iscenesættere« af audiovisuelle undervis
The courseware library is made up of the whole set of teaching software. Users of the training facilities at Forespace meet small teams of trainers, who in turn have the constant backing of many teams of experts operating from a distance: the writers of the various audiovisual and 'computer products that make up the teaching library.
Inden for den grundlæggende undervis ning kan man kun forestille sig delvis, momentan anvendelse af selvstudiemetoden til helt konkrete formål.
It is no longer just a matter of audiovisual teaching theory, defining the methods whereby teachers can introduce into their lessons sounds and pictures recorded by highly sophisticated techniques; the objective is to use those same techniques and resources to reproduce the logical paths taken by the learner in the learning process.
Datamatstøttet undervisning benyttes på flere klassetrin, og børnene er fuldt fortrolige med tastaturets betjening og leger sig til løsning af ligninger.
This objective can never be wholly achieved with everybody, and it is unlikely that there will ever be such a thing as fully 'automated' training, except perhaps with limited goals.
Når disse generationer kommer ud i erhvervslivet og stifter bekendtskab med efter- og videreuddannelsen vil »Forespace« sikkert være no-
It is estimated that a minimum of 20% of training activities based on traditional resources will survive.
Da FOREM i samarbejde med den fransksprogede belgiske statsradiofoni, RTBF, lavede og udsendte en undervis ningsserie efter det nederlandske »Spreek met ons mee«, fik 16 000 seere, der samtidig fulgte programmet, mulighed for at nyde godt af alle FOREM og RTBF-ud-dannelsesspecialisternes pædagogiske ev ner.
The relationship is extended in time in that the courses can be used over a relatively lengthy period, depending on
Disse programmer indgår for øvrigt som en del af »Forespace«-undervis-ningsmaterialet.
When Forem, in collaboration with Belgian Radio and Television (RBTF),
kelte deltager med udformning af en be hovsbestemt uddannelsesplan.
We should, however, be cautious about going beyond this.
spredere af audiovisuelle og elektroniske uddannelsessystemer.
This will mean that workers will have to continue to invest in improving their own job skills, with the help of public or private resources made available to them.
Hvordan vil »Forespace« og lignende metoder i fremtiden placere sig blandt de uddan nelsesmuligheder, der står til rådighed for små og mellem store virksomheders ansatte?
What role will Forespace and its counterparts perform in the future, as distinct from the other training resources provided for workers in small and mediumsized firms?
Om et år vil 2 000 ansatte have tilbragt omkring 150 000 uddannelsestimer i »Forespace«. Det tyder på, at denne prototype imødekommer et omfattende behov.
In the space of one year, 2 000 workers have spent almost 150 000 training hours in Forespace, a demonstration that the prototype in the form of this centre seems to be satisfying a major demand.
Belgien er et af de lande i verden, hvor ka-bel-tv er mest udbredt, og hvor næsten al le husstande har adgang til omkring tyve programmer.
Computer-aided teaching is, for example, used for children and youngsters who, being quite uninhibited by keyboards and terminals, play with equations just as they would play noughts and crosses.
Der er derfor intet i vejen for at forestille sig en form for uddannel-ses-tv, der leverer viden »til døren«.
The same does not apply to adults, the potential clients of a selftraining centre.
FOREM har i den fransktalende del af Belgien i over femten år udført en række forsøg på dette område og har planer om at fortsætte dermed.
They would be happy to return to the security of an educational environment with its familiar features of dependency on the teacher, the syllabus, methods and results.
Men endnu bedre bliver det, hvis alle hjemme eller på arbejdspladsen via kabelnettet får »interaktiv« adgang til veritable uddannelsescentraler, der benytter forskellige medier. Det er bestemt ikke utopisk.
To find themselves alone in front of a screen and terminal, headphones clamped over their ears, even knowing that an expert is within call, will create psychological problems for very many trainees, not to mention the natural reluctance of the uninitiated to play with a machine that seems intelligent but whose reactions often seem brusque, especially when it comes to evaluation.
Problemet er at skaffe programmer, materiellet findes. »Forespace« og lig nende systemer kan bidrage til den for nødne udvikling af materiale til imødekommelse af det stigende behov for erhvervsuddannelse for voksne, der konstateres overalt.
Secretarial staff, who are used to keyboards and a rapid response from typewriters and word processors, will be readier than others to acquire a positive and welcoming attitude to 'electronic' pictures, messages and responses.
Men er det ensbetydende med, at der over hele Sydbelgien og i Bruxelles skal oprettes selvstudiecentre af denne type?
Does this mean that there will be similar selftraining centres more or less everywhere, reproducing the same model in french-speaking Belgium or Brussels?
Det kunne man godt forestille sig, selv om op bygningen og funktionen af centeret på 23. sal i Tour Madou er noget helt for sig selv.
This might well be the scenario, although the architecture and running of the centre in the exceptional environment of the Tour Madou 23rd floor make it something entirely original.
get ganske dagligdags for dem, som de kender fra både virksomheder og uddan nelsessteder.
There might well be an intercommunity educational television channel that 'delivers knowledge to the doorstep'.
Det samme er ikke tilfældet for de potentielle voksne kunder i et selvstudiecenter.
In the French community in Belgium, Forem has been conducting many experiments in this field and apply ing them in practice for more than 15 years, and proposes to conduct a number of others as well.
De vil være glade for at genfinde de velkendte uddannelsesomgivelser, hvormed de er fortrolige, som af hængigheden af læreren, programmet, metoderne og resultaterne.
But there will be more and better training once actual multimedia teaching programme distribution centres have been set up and everybody has access to interactive education and training resources at home or in the workplace.
Det vil derfor kræve en vis tid, især for det administrative personale og lederne, at vænne sig til selvstudiemetoden.
The true problem that arises will once again be with the software, not the hardware.
Skrive stuepersonalet, der fra skrivemaskinerne er vant til en hurtig reaktion i forbindelse med tastaturbetjening, erhverver hurtigere end andre en positiv holdning til bil leder, skærminformationer og andre »elektroniske reaktioner«.
Forespace and its counterparts will be there to serve as agents for the develop ment of the necessary educational software, meeting the manifold needs of everyone in the field of continuing training.
Omvendt vil selvstudieuddannelse og an vendelse af »præfabrikerede« uddannel ser utvivlsomt meget hurtigt blive udvidet til andre områder og deltagergrupper.
On the other hand, the principle of selftraining and the use of pre-produced courseware will no doubt very quickly be extended elsewhere and to larger target groups.
Allerede nu findes der i nogle store virksomheders uddannelsestjenester, på højere læreanstalter og på FOREM's egne skoler selvstudieuddannelsespladser til kontrol af kunnen og viden, indhentning afdet forsømte, omskoling, ja undertiden til egentlig selvuddannelse.
Even today, in certain training centres in large companies, in university departments and even in Forem's own training centres, there are selftraining workstations where people can check on what they know, catch up on what they should know, brush up what they already know and in some cases engage in genuine self-training.
Inden for grunduddannelsen går en række forsøg i samme retning.
In education, there are also projects along the same lines.
Vi mener imidlertid, at computerskræk i lighed med skræk for andre audiovisuelle hjælpemidler til sprogundervisning og maskinskrivning bliver sjældnere og sjældnere, ikke blot som nævnt ovenfor i forbindelse med de unges ankomst på arbejdsmarkedet, men fordi det udstyr og de programmer, der benyttes inden for uddannelsen, ligner det, der benyttes i dagligdagen på arbejdspladsen.
The fact remains — and this is something we have observed with educational television — that some trainees will not achieve sufficient progress in their subject through selfdirected training methods to be able to proceed with these methods.
Gennemsnittet afspejler imidlertid ikke helt realiteten, idet nogle deltagere kun har taget kursus på 20 til 30 ti mer, medens især deltagerne i sprogundervisningen ligger helt oppe på 100 — 150 timer.
Forespace is just one resource, but there are other more traditional resources in Brussels which Forem has made available to the company personnel for almost 20 years.
Overgangen fra teori til den praktiske an vendelse, der forekommer i det daglige arbejde, vil fjerne grænsen mellem uddan nelsessted og arbejdsplads. Man kan en dog gå et skridt videre og medtage fritiden.
Nevertheless, we believe that cases of computer allergy will grow rarer as time goes by, as has been the case with other audiovisual techniques for learning languages and typing.
De pågældende ansatte må derfor fortsat selv investere i deres erhvervsfaglige vi dereuddannelse med støtte fra offentlige eller private midler, der stilles til deres rådighed.
The reason is not just the one we have already mentioned — the arrival of a younger generation — but also that the hardware and software used in education and training will be the same, or at least
Omvendt er instruktører uddannet i for skellige fag til stede for at hjælpe den en
Since the selftraining centre opened in August 1989, about 2 000 people have
Forespace — Antal beskæftigede deltagere
Breakdown of training hours by subjects
Timefordeling på fag
Other (0.5%)
Virksomhedsledelse (9,7%)
Languages (22.2%) made use of the services provided by Forespace, 1 316 of them since January 1990.
Forespace — Deltagerantal (beskæftigede + arbejdssøgende)
This average does not reflect the real picture, however, since some of the trainees take a single 20-30 hour course while others (especially those learning languages) study for more than 100 or 150 hours.
Timernes tidsmæssige fordeling
Breakdown of training hours by time of day
Forespace — Antal deltagere med beskæftigelse
Forespace - Employed persons
Virksom­hedsledelse
Computer technology
Katalognummer: HX-46-86-581-EN-C Pris i Luxembourg (moms Ikke medregnet): ECU 4; DKR 35
Languages: ES, DE, GR, EN, FR, IT, NL ISBN 92-825-6877-6 Catalogue number: HX-46-86-581-EN-C Price (excluding VA Τ) in Luxembourg: ECU 4; IRL 2.90: UKL 2.50: USD 4
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