natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den voksende vekselvirkning mel lem den offentlige forskning og industrien skaber modsætning med hensyn til kundskabsudnyttelsen: Mange publikationer, der er muliggjort af faciliteter, der skyldes partnerskab med virksomheder, kan ikke offentliggøres, fordi visse resul
In this respect, CEDEFOP's role in coordinating a comparative approach and methodologies is unchallenged. Implementation of such projects requires additional resources and Community support.
Erhvervsuddannelse I/I993
Vocational training 1/1993
Beslutningstageres behov for in formation om erhvervsuddannelse ninger, der dels er baseret på statistiske data, dels på økonomiske prognoser.
Client­orientated information about education and the labour market in Europe
Arbejdsløshed kræver statistiske analyser og undersøgelse af fænomener som regi onal eller massearbejdsløshed eller af problemerne i forbindelse med at finde be skæftigelse for unge, der forlader skolen og står over for at skulle begynde arbejds livet.
The client can be registered as an unem­ployed person and would thus be notified as soon as suitable vacancies arise.
I denne artikel undersøges informationsbaggrunden for beslutningsprocesser, erhvervsuddannelsesinformationens karakter samt spørgsmålet om, hvordan man kan sammenligne forskellige systemer.
This article describes information which is essentially structured to serve the general public, against the back­ground of the recent EURES projects which aim to promote placement in the international labour market.
Bestræbelserne for at etablere snævrere forbindelser mellem de to erhvervsuddannelsessfærer - mellem Ungarn og Vesteuropa - er af overordentlig betydning.
The last ten years, during which the client did not form part of the workforce, saw impor­tant changes in the type of labour and the way firms and institutions are organised.
Trods væsentlige forskelle og særlige kendetegn er der en tendens til integration i Europa. Dette fremkalder hos beslutningstagere, der er konfronteret med den økonomiske og
According to two potential employers the client would need too long a period of time to become aquainted with the work, unless she previously took several general and a few more specialised courses.
Kvaliteten af information om erhvervsuddannelse
The information needs of the client and the counselor
Informationsbaggrunden for beslutningsprocesser fatter investeringer i humankapital, og ved en generel prognose for forskellige økonomiske sektorer.
In the meantime, by rapidly screening a large number of vacancies, of which a short description, divided into different parts by clear sub­headings, is available in that part of the Employment Exchange which is open to the public, it has become clear that a more intensive search will be required to find a suitable job in the district.
Informationen er væsentlig for den politiske beslutningstagning om erhvervsuddannelse.
After that it will be necessary to see if for this more intensive form of service a more specialised counselor is required for regis­tration and help in seeking a job.
Information som grundlag for erhvervsuddannelsespolitisk beslutningstagning spænder over en periode, der går videre end erhvervsuddannelsens cyklus.
A casual visitor (client) to the Employ­ment Exchange in Maastricht asks the counselor for information on her opportu­nities in the labour market, or to be precise: her opportunities of re­entering the labour market.
Tendenser i for bindelse med arbejdsstyrken som følge af strukturændringer i økonomien er ligeledes nødvendige.
No results so far have been ob­tained by asking family and friends, con­sulting local and regional newspapers and asking potential employers about their vacancies.
Ændringer i arbejdsstyrken resultereri ændringer i efterspørgslen efter arbejdskraft som et resultat af krise eller nye investeringer i bestemte økonomiske sektorer.
This client is looking for more and better information concerning existing and fu­ture vacancies in her district which might lead to a successful job application.
Der er mange parter involveret i udviklingen af erhvervsuddannelsespolitik, og det er ingen tilfældighed, at bestræbelserne i den seneste tid har været koncentreret om harmonisering på erhvervs uddannelsesområdet.
Upon completing registration, which in­volves the client and the couselor often looking at a computer screen and the cli­ent' s particulars and other information rel­evant to the job market, and entering this into the computer, this will carry out a comparative supply­and­demand search.
På den ene side er betydningen af den menneskelige faktor vokset i forbindelse med formuleringen af den økonomiske politik, mens på den an den side de demografiske aspekter får en stigende indflydelse på statens rolle.
This search will be specifically directed towards vacancies which are known to exist but of which the description is not yet, or no longer, posted in the public area of the Employment Exchange.
In formation af økonomisk art og prognoser for de forskellige sektorer hjælper i den orienterende planlægning.
The employee at the Employment Ex­change explains to the client that the Em­ployment Exchange is indeed the right place to obtain this type of information.
Denne kvalitet er repræsenteret ved investering, der om-
The counselor will also check whether the expectations that the client has with regard
I forbindelse med moderne markedsøkonomi udgør beskæftigelsespolitikken knudepunktet for informationskanaler af varierende kvalitet.
Unfortunately the conversations with the potential employers were short so it was not clear which courses were being re­ferred to.
Syntesen af denne information sigter mod at sikre, at arbejdskraften anvendes således, at den er effektiv både i social og økonomisk hen seende.
Where could these courses be followed, what would they cost, how much time would they take and what could the client expect when she had completed these courses?
Det er vigtigt, at disse data spænder over en periode på ca. ti år (hvilket vil sige mere end dobbelt så lang tid som en er hvervsuddannelse varer).
It is clear from the above that the informa­tion required by a client of the Employ­ment Exchange is complex and broad.
^^Ä^**l^fc Arbejdsministe-B TI erhvervs-BlAH I uddannelses afdelingen.
Director of Regional Administration of the Employ­
Statens Institut for Erhvervsuddannelse og Regionale Institutter for Udvikling af Arbejds kraft, Budapest, Ungarn.
Training manager, Regional Administration
Statens informationsbehov kræveren syn tese af forskellige informationskilder.
1 \ M ment Sen'ice of South Limburg, of the Employ­ment Service
Håndteringen af krisesituationer kræver ligeledes beslut
■esponsiblefor E URES/IGA / projects
Data i forbindelse med finansieringen er ligeledes væsentlige.
A satisfactory inquiry will require an enor­mous amount of specific information on education and the labour market.
De bør omfatte til deling af midler til erhvervsuddannelse, offentlige tilskud samt endvidere erhvervs uddannelsens normative omkostninger.
Many clients find it easy to assume that the Employment Exchange has the necessary information and can make it available in such a way as to be useful to the client.
CEDEFOP arbejde kræver passende lovmæssige rammer, idet lovgivningen er uundværlig, hvis der skal skabes et statistisk grundlag.
Therefore agreements are made, many agreements are made: with administrators, with those implementing policies, with clients.
Lønpolitikken, en faktor som har indflydelse på arbejdskraftens regionale mobilitet, udgør et andet betydeligt statistisk område.
Apart from improving the systems, which are mainly registrational and are used for handling transactions, it is sought to im prove the use of the available data by introducing systems, based on neural network technology, to support decision making, to be used for placement activities and education planning.
Af afgørende betydning, når forskellige erhvervsuddannelsessystemer (og kvalifikationssystemer) skal sammenlignes, er arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed og koordinering af erhvervsuddannelse med kapitalbevægelse.
The average client takes for granted that the Employment Exchange has solved any problems concerning the availability of adequate, up-to-date and reliable information on the labour market.
I denne sammenhæng skal nævnes vestlige selskabers aktiviteter i /steuropa, både i form af joint ven tures og som selvstændige selskaber, som f.eks. inden for automobilproduktionen.
In practice this image is confirmed because a certificate of registration is quickly drawn up and printed.
Sådanne selskaber, der foretager enorme investeringer, har deres egne uddannelses systemer, der udformes på multinationalt niveau og tilpasses til en given national situation.
However the regional Employ ment Exchange only plays a small part in the dynamic process of development and the way in which firms and organisations make use of people's qualifications.
historiske sammenhæng kan erhvervsuddannelsessystemer undersøges forholdsvis nemt, især i de tysktalende lande.
In order to properly implement the policy, i.e. to set priorities, those involved must be well informed or otherwise have the possibility of being well informed.
Det bliver vanskeligere i en bredere international sammenhæng, og her er løsningen sikkert bilateral koordinering.
After the information has been produced it is ex tremely important for a successful job allocation policy that the information is collated and effectively transferred to the people who need to use it.
Ungarn har allerede taget de første skridt i så henseende over for /strig, Tyskland og Italien.
The gathering and use of relevant information concerning placement in the labour market in border areas is still underdeveloped.
En sammenligning af den funktionelle analyse, og ikke så meget den for melle overensstemmelse mellem de to systemer, er af betydning, idet identificeringen af forskelle kan være en stor hjælp for beslutningstagere på højeste niveau til at opnå første bilaterale og multilaterale aftaler.
In a reasonably short period of time, employ ees can form a fairly exact image of their neighbouring country's situation, available material, personnel, students, tools, as well asaddional information on how the setting came about, current views, de mands for change, the changeability of the present setting and the realisation of the objectives.
Alt dette ville give mulighed for en vis harmonisering af nogle elementer i uddannelsessystemerne, som f.eks. anerkendelse af kvalifikationer, gensidige til bud af praktikpladser og harmonisering af arbejdsmiljø og arbejdsvilkår.
This can be achieved by means of conversations, publications, mutual vis its and the exchange of experiences and practical training by employees.
Gennemførlige og nødvendige opgaver
An important part of job placement is in fact the provision of information.
Hvad angår sammenligning af information om forskellige erhvervsuddannelses systemer, er det snarere det kvalitative frem for det kvantitative aspekt, der giver problemer.
The Employment Exchange already has an extensive infrastructure with computer facilities, networks and data management systems. They encourage use of this as an aid to the primary process and for manage ment purposes.
Netop derfor er det bydende nødvendigt, at der både på regionalt og europæisk plan udarbejdes thesauri med en synoptisk beskrivelse af begreber som basis for statistisk analyse. Kun ved at tilpasse disse begreber og få dem til at stemme overens, helt eller delvis, vil en omsætning eller omdannelse af information med henblik på nyttige sammenligninger være mulig.
The development of the organisational infrastructure can hardly keep pace with the users' growing de mands and the clients' high expectations.
I forbindelse med globale data er information om befolkning og beskæftigelse mere eller mindre standardiseret.
Production of Information and Infrastructure
Det er urealistisk at forvente fuldstændig har monisering selv på mellemlang sigt.
A recent example is expansion of interregional cooperation in the European region Maas-Rhine, which includes the exchange of information on vacancies across national borders.
En delvis standardisering og en præcis identificering af forskellene er nødvendig, når der skal tages højde for en række forhold, såsom ungdomsledighed eller omskoling af arbejdsløse.
Videotext terminals are being installed in Aachen and Heerlen so that an optimal allocation within the labour market of the European region is not hindered by the fact that information on the labour market stops at the border.
Der findes to vigtige statistiske nomenklaturer over internationale standarder.
Moreover, the region of South Limburg is running two pilot projects aimed at intensifying crossborder activities (IGA).
Den ene vedrører beskæftigelsen og stem mer overens med ILO-standarder; den anden er fortegnelsen over fag i forbindelse med et nationalt erhvervsuddan nelsessystem og godkendt på nationalt plan.
This short description of the primary process of an employment strategy: attending to clients who come to the Employment Exchange searching for ajob; who register as unemployed or who seek advice and help to improve their situation on the la bour market, clearly shows that in a practical situation enormous amounts ofinformation must be exchanged.
Fortegnelserne indeholder fag, for hvilke der kan opnås teknisk ækvivalens, og som giver mulighed for bilateral og rnultilateral koordinering.
This information ranges from simple data to extremely complex knowledge concerning the suitability of an unemployed person for filling a vacancy.
Med henblik på forventningerne i Europa efter 1993 vil udviklingen af sådanne nomenklaturer være en højt prioriteret opgave. Men dette
The usefulness and effective ness of the information also depends on it being reliable, relevant and rapidly available. able.
Koordinering på internationalt plan kræver bilaterale aftaler.
Nowadays the average access time to a hard disc is less than 20 milliseconds.
Problemanalyse er et vigtigt skridt på vejen til mulige projekter og yderligere selektive analyser. Uanset hvor mekanisk den differentierede behandling af erhvervs områderne, specielt den internationale di mension kan forekomme, er en analyse, der også omfatter beskæftigelsesaspektet, en nødvendighed.
These projects have as main objective the exchange of information and the use of each others expertise and experience in order to achieve better results, locating and removing existing barriers, revealing and making use of existing possibilities as well as creating new placement possibilities by further expanding cooperation within the European regions.
Dybtgående analyser af mange af dette spørgsmåls aspekter vil være nødvendige i de nærmeste fem til otte år, for at politiske beslutningstagere kan opnå enighed om, hvordan information om erhvervsuddannelse skal koordineres.
When producing information, a fact that is usually underestimated is that good use of this demands high standards of the user.
I så henseende spiller CEDEFOP en absolut førende rolle, for så vidt angår koordineringen af sammenlignende procedurerog metoder.
Technically it is possible, of course, to place the distributed information in inter related files, so that as a result, if the access time and the selection of the relevant data can be limited to a few seconds, one can expect a strong increase in productivity.
Gen nemførelsen af sådanne projekter kræver langt flere ressourcer og meget mere støtte fra Fællesskabet.
The region of South Limburg is running two projects which help to strengthen crossborder cooperation.
De komplekse problemer, der er ridset op i denne artikel, udgør en kæmpe opgave for beslutningstagere. tagere.
These pilot projects aim to deliver tangible results and to allow
Klientorienteret information om undervisning og arbejdsmarked i "Euregionen"
Working The real issue here is how the general public can be involved in these matters, so therefore it is of prime importance that the general public receive ample information.
I denne artikel tegnes et billede af tilvejebringelsen af information, som egentlig er rettet mod offentligheden, på baggrund af nylige EURES-pro-jekter med henblik på intensivering af grænseoverskridende arbejdsformidling. ling.
It is precisely here, where the information to the public is concerned, that the local authorities, who are the most directly in volved with and responsible for their citizens, could play a very important part. The local authorities have a number of operational facilities at their disposal and it is they who are closest to the public.
Konsulenten undersøger også, om denne klients forventninger med hensyn til en vellykket direkte formidling kan betragtes som realistiske.
A relevant fact is that knowledge of the Eu ropean aspects of the region is already very important for the public in general and already receives much attention.
Både arbejdets art og tilrettelægegelsen heraf har ændret sig temmelig meget i de næsten ti år, hvor klienten ikke har arbejdet.
Working across the border immediately involves key issues such as social security and the (un)certainties concerning educa tion, qualifications and certification.
Det fremgår også af klientens erfaringer.
A strong accent is placed on these three as pects.
Ifølge to po tentielle arbejdsgivere ville indarbejdningsperioden for en ledig deltidsstilling vare for længe, hvis man ikke først havde fulgt og bestået en række almene og mere specifikke kurser.
An action-research model is being developed which means that the Employ ment Exchanges (Germany, The Netherlands, the Walloon, the Flemish and the German-speaking provinces of Belgium) develop their existing range of services in consultation in such a way that it becomes relevant and adequate for people who are trying to obtain information on the neighbouring country.
Dernæst undersøges det, om der for denne mere intensive form for tjenesteydelse snart vil være en mere specialiseret konsulent til rådighed med henblik på registreringsproceduren og hjælp til at lede efter et job.
These should be practical, concrete and instructive. Present projects and the schools for vocational training involved in these projects could be used to obtain the necessary relevant information.
Rundspørge hos familie og bekendte, gennemlæsning af an noncer i lokale og regionale aviser og forespørgsel om ledige stillinger hos eventuelle arbejdsgivere havde hidtil ikke givet noget resultat.
The IGA projects form part of the EC/ EURES programme (European Employ ment Services) and links with other pilot programmes (for example, in Southern Europe, Italy/France and France/Germany) are being actively sought.
Men der er så meget at lære.
Projects EURES
Leder af uddannelses afdelingen i den regionale arbejdsstyrelse
In the European region Maas Rijn the idea of a joint development of the labour market has been under discussion for some time.
Leder af den regionale arbejdsstyrelse Limburg-syd; leder af EURES/ IGA-projekter
The regions of Aachen, the Walloon provinces, the Dutch and Belgian provinces of Limburg arc undergoing change and de velopment.
Foren tilfredsstillende rådgivning anvendes enormt mange specifikke uddannelses- og arbejdsmarkedsoplysninger.
It is prerequisite for any kind of transborder policy (which necessarily is an integrated policy and one that is a result of advice, based on actual mutual cooperation on labour market issues).
For nemheds skyld antager klienter ofte, at de
Vocational training 1/1993
CEDEFOP rolle i betragtning af en markedsandel på skønsmæssigt omkring 30%.
A statistical information system for vocational training: Portugal training - basic or continuous - as also the way in which they are necessarily interlinked or relate to any other relevant variables.
nødvendige oplysninger er til stede og med det samme kan stilles til rådighed i en for den pågældende klient relevant form.
Vocational training plays a significant ment, it is important clearly to formurole in every aspect of development. late a clear and systematic policy for While for a trainee vocational training vocational training and to set priorities is a means of enhancing his ability to for the short and medium term.
Beskæftigelsespolitik er for en betydelig del tilvejebringelse af information onale fordeling af disponibel arbejdskraft over disponible arbejdspladser.
In view of the variety of purposes for which statistical information on vocational training can be used, no single source is sufficient to meet all requirements.
Frem for alt på et segmenteret, lidet gennemskueligt arbejdsmarked har arbejdsformidlingskontoret eksistensberettigelse, og denne eksistensberettigelse bliver også i høj grad afmålt efter det om fang, hvori det lykkes denne organisation lynhurtigt at levere de nødvendige oplysninger for optimaliseringen af den regi
At company level the growing internationalisation of the economy, the stress being put on quality and the ability to compete with a new corporate organisation coupled, at the level of the labour market, with an emphasis on broader skills, job mobility and concern at the "disqualification" taking place with the advent of new technologies, call for indepth studies to serve as the basis for appropriate qualitative and quantitative analyses.
Anvendeligheden og effektiviteten af de pågældende oplysninger afhænger desuden af, om de udleveres hurtigt, er pålidelige, relevante osv.
Since vocational training - whether of young people, the unemployed or any other category of the working popula tion - has to be regarded as an invest
Ved produktionen af information under vurderes det gennemgående, at ordentlig anvendelse deraf stiller meget store krav til brugeren.
Essential for this purpose is statistical information of every kind. But how should this information be obtained?
Politik er en vigtig, måske den vigtigste producent af kompleks in formation.
How is training carried out? Who is involved in training activity?
Beskæftigelsespolitik skaber adfærdsregler for at opnå en vis effekt på arbejds markedet.
A statistical information system for vocational training
Med henblik herpå indgås aftaler, overordentlig mange aftaler: med le dere, med dem, der gennemfører politik ken, med klienter.
Each of these questions involves a number of aspects which the answers need to cover and on which information is required.
En ordentlig udførelse af politikken, dvs. virkelig prioritering af visse aktioner ud af en serie mulige aktioner, forudsætter, at de pågældende er velinformeret eller kan blive velinformeret.
Providing adequate information on voca tional training calls for more than gather ing information on specific points - whether by means of surveys or by utilising the data contained in official records.
Foruden produktionen af information er indsamlingen heraf og den målrettede videregivelse til de men nesker, som skal arbejde med denne information, af særlig betydning for en vellykket arbejdsformidlingspolitik.
Given the variety and complexity of the necessary information, efforts must be made to develop a genuine information system for vocational training able to meet the daily requests for the different types of information needed to implement a vocational training policy.
Gennem projekter tilstræbes en målrettet intensivering af udveksling af information.
Potential information sources
Automatiseringen af tilvejebringelse af information anses på nuværende tidspunkt i udviklingen af projekterne endnu for at være af sekundær betydning.
The variety and scope of the above questions call for recourse to a large number of information sources.
Det drejer sig primært om, at udviklingen af nye produkter i særlig grad forløber klientorienteret og er optimal for klienternes behov.
Thus access to official records is essential for information on costs or methods of training.
Desuden er nødvendigheden af at frembringe konkrete og håndgribelige resultater inden for projektet væsentlig og den kendsgerning, at dublering af allerede eksisterende faciliteter undgås.
Forms of application for vocational training, registration forms of those enrolling in training courses, particularly those currently out of work, forms requesting financial assist ance for vocational training, job centre questionnaires or official records linking vocational training with other variables will generate a corpus of significant data.