natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den lå på dette tidspunkt 0,7 millioner under maksi­malværdien på 62,1 millioner, som man nåede op på i 1974.
At this time it was 0.7 million below the maximum figure of 62.1 million which was reached in 1974.
Sammenlignet med 1960 lå befolkningstallet i 1978 5,8 mil­lioner højere.
Compared with 1960, the population in 1978 had risen by 5.8 million.
I den forbindelse skal der tages hensyn til, at der i dette tidsrum på 18 år takket være udenlandske tilflyttere — og senere på grund af forskellige fødselsrater hos udlændinge og tyskere — skete væsentlige forskyd­ninger i befolkningsstrukturen, hvilket også indvirkede på uddannelsesvæsenet.
It must be remembered, however, that during this period of 18 years considerable changes in the population have taken place, through immigration and later through differences in the birth rate between foreigners and Ger­mans. This also had an impact on the education system.
I 1976 kunne man således notere et fødselsunderskud på rundt regnet 130 000, der fremkom ved en tysk fødselstilbagegang på ca. 209 000 og et fødselsover­skud blandt udlændinge på ca. 79 000.
Thus, in the year 1976, the overall decline in the birth rate of about 130 000 was made up of a decline in German births of about 209 000, and an increase in births of foreigners of about 79 000.
Antagelig vil befolkningstallet i 1983 for første gang i 15 år falde under 60­millioner­grænsen.
It is expected that in 1983 the population will, for the first time in 15 years, fall below the 60 million level.
I år 2000 forventer man et befolkningstal på 55,9 millioner.
A population of 55.9 million has been forecast for the year 2000.
Fødsler/dødsfald pr. 1 000 indbyggere Udviklingen i perioden 1960­1978
Births/deaths per 1000 inhabitants Development in the period 1960-78
Alderspyramide fra året 1975 og en fremskrivning til år 2000 (Alle ældre end 75 er slået sammen til én gruppe) (Status pr. 1.1. 1977)
Age profile for the year 1975 and a projection to the year 2000 (All over 75 are brought together into one group) (as of 1.1.1977)
Det fremgår klart, at gruppen 15- til under 25-årige vil mindskes tydeligt frem til år 2000.
It is clear that both the 15 to 25 and the 5 to 14 age groups decline up to the year 2000.
Gruppen 5-14-årige rammes endnu stærkere af denne udvikling.
This also applies to the 0 to 4 age group.
Prognosen for år 2000 viser særlig tydeligt en tilvækst i de midterste erhvervsaktive aldersgrupper og hen mod slut ningen af erhvervsudøvelsen.
In the forecast for the year 2000 the increase in the number of middle-aged workers and those at the end of their working life becomes especially clear.
Ind­ og udvandringsstatus pr. 1 000 indbyggere
Migratory movements per 1 000 inhabitants
Opadrettede pile markerer en indvandringsgevinst, ned­ adrettede pile markerer et udvandringstab.
Arrows pointing upwards denote net immigra­tion and those pointing downwards, net emigration.
Kilde: Befolkningsstatistik 1978, Tab. 7, Eurostat 1980
Source: Population statistics 1978, Table 7, Eurostat 1980.
Udvikling i indvandrings­ og udvandringskvoteme
Development of the quotas for immigra tion and emi gration
(pr. 1000 indbyggere)
(per 100 inhabitants)
Antal udenlandske statsborgere Antallet af børn under 14 år i forhold til den bosiddende befolkning
Proportion of foreign nationals Numbers of children under 14 years in the resident population
K/7de: Statistiske årbøger BRD.
Source: State yearbooks SRD.
Antal erhvervsaktive personer i forhold til befolkningen 1975
Proportion of working population to inhabitants 1975
Andel erhvervsaktive udlændinge i forhold til erhvervsbefolk­ningen 1975 o
Proportion of foreign workers to the working population 1975
Kilde: De euro­pæiske Fællesskabers statistiske Kontor, status 1975.
Source: Statistical Office of the European Community (SOEC), Year 1975.
Erhvervsaktives flytning inden for EF's medlemslande 1979 f\\
Migration of the working population within the EEC Member States 1979
Til højre: Andel tilflyttere Til venstre: Andel udflyttere begge i relation til flytninger­ne inden for EF som helhed (= 100).
Right: Proportion of immigrants Left: Proportion of emigrants re­lated in each case to the total migrations within the EEC (total = 100).
Uddannelsesudgifternes procentuelle andel i bruttonationalproduktet1) produktet1)
Proportion of educational expenditure to the gross domestic product1
Uddannelsesudgifter pr. person for aldersgruppen 5- til 24-årige sammenlignet med EF-gennemsnittet. I denne tidsperiode overstiger uddannelsesudgifterne pr. person til de 5- til 24-årige tydeligt EF-gennemsnittet.
Educational expenditure per head of the population aged 5 to 24 years compared with the EEC average The expenditure on education per head of the 5 to 24 age group of the inhabitants clearly exceeds the EEC average for this period.
Kilde: Undervisning og uddannelse — 1977/78, Tab. V/1, Eurostat 1980.
Source: Education and training 1977/78, Table V/1, Eurostat 1980.
Kilde: Sociallndikatorer 1978, Tab. IV/1, Eurostat 1980.
Source: Social indicators 1978, Table IV/1, Eurostat 1980.
Beskæftigede efter erhvervssektorer i % Diagrammet anskueliggør, at antallet af selvstændige er­hvervsaktive og medhjælpende familiemedlemmer har været stadigt faldende, især inden for land­ og skovbrug.
Employed persons by economic sectors in % The graph shows a continuing reduction of self employed persons and those working in family businesses — espe­cially in the field of agriculture and forestry.
Ligeledes er antallet af erhvervsaktive arbejdere faldet.
The number of employed workers has also declined.
I samme tidsrum er tjenestemands­ og funktionærgruppen vokset med mere end 2 millioner.
During the same period the group of officials and employees has increased by more than two million.
Inden for de seneste syv år er antallet af erhvervsaktive personer kun steget inden for gruppen servicefag (med 1,6 millioner), først og fremmest på bekostning af erhvervene inden for fremstillingsvirksomhed, men også på bekostning af landbrugssektoren.
During the last seven years the numbers of the working population who work exclusively in the service industries increased, (by 1.6 million) mostly at the expense of manufacturing industries (1.1 million reduc­tion) and secondly at the expense of the agricultural sec­tor.
Antallet af erhvervsaktive kvinder svarer nogenlunde til EF­gennemsnittet og lader sig sammenligne med antallet i UK og Frankrig.
The proportion of women in the working population corres­ponds roughly to the EEC average and can be compared with that in the UK and in France.
Beskæftigelsesstrukturen 1977 Den samlede befolkning i 1977, opdelt i mænd og kvinder med deres respektive antal af personer over 14 år samt erhvervsaktive.
Employment structure Total population in 1977 subdivided into men and women with the proportion for each of those over 14 years as well as the total working population.
Mænd
C\J to
Kilde: Stikprøvetælling af arbejdskraften 1973­1975­1977, Tab. H/1, Eurostat 1980.
Source: Labour force sample surveys 1973­75­77, Table 11/1, Eurostat 1980.
Erhvervsaktive og erhvervskvoter efter køn
Working population and working quota according to sex
Erhvervs­aktive i 1000
Working population (1000)
Kvindelige erhvervs­aktive
Working quota (female) %
') Erhvervskvoten (kvindl.) viser kvindelige erhvervsaktives procentuelle andel i forhold til den fastboende kvindelige befolkning.
1The working quota is the proportion of the working population to the total population.
Man har i årene mellem 1960 og 1977 ikke kunnet spore nogen entydig tendens i den talmæssige udvikling af er­hvervsaktive.
In the years between 1960 and 1977, no clear trend has shown up in the working population.
Denne udvikling er blevet påvirket af forskelli­ge faktorer inden for såvel den økonomiske som den sociale sektor.
Various factors — economic as well as social have had an effect on this development.
Den øgede tilgang til videregående skolegang har således mindsket de unges erhvervskvote.
The increased tendency to enter the colleges of further education has reduced the numbers of the young people available for work.
Hvor de 15­20­åriges erhvervskvote i 1960 endnu lå på 86,4 %, var den aftaget kontinuerligt og udgjorde i 1977 kun 48,1 %.
In 1960, the proportion of the 15­20 age group employed was 76.4 %, but it has declined continuously, so that in 1977 it was down to 48.1 %.
Også blandt de 20­25­årige skete der et fald fra 85,5 % til 75,2 %.
Also in the 20­25 age group a marked reduction from 85.5 % to 75.2 % took place.
Takket være indførelse af den fleksible aldersgrænse (før­tidspension) er erhvervskvoten blandt de ældre årgange blevet halveret. Medvirkende hertil er også det aftagende antal personer over 65, som fortsat er erhvervsaktive.
In the higher age groups the employment quota was halved, caused by the introduction of the flexible age limits, as well as a fall in the number of people over 65 who wanted to continue working.
Et stigende antal unge, som påbegyndte et erhverv, udlæn­dinge som begyndte at arbejde i Forbundsrepublikken og det støt stigende antal af erhvervsaktive kvinder påvirkede dog tendensen i modsat retning.
On the other side, young people reaching the age of employment had an increasing effect on the figures and in the Federal Republic foreigners taking up work, together with a continuously increasing number of women workers tended to reverse this trend.
Udviklingen i arbejdsløsheden
Development of unemployment
Andel af arbejdsløse1) i forhold til erhvervsaktive
Proportion of unemployed1 to the working population.
11973 under den halve million — for det meste under 200 000 — steg aet til mere end 582 000 i året 1974, og fra 1975 til over 1 million.
Total numbers of unemployed has always been well under half a mil-lion-usually less than 200 000 — but in 1974 it rose to over 582 000, and from 1975 on to over one million.
Grænsen på 1 million i årsgennemsnit kom man først under i året 1978.
It was not until 1978 that the average yearly rate fell to below the million mark.
1) Procenttallet for 1980 er foreløbigt og taget fra Eurostat-månedsberetningen 4/81 (Status 18. 5. 1981).
1 The percentage for 1980 is provisional and has been taken from the Eurostat monthly report 4/81 (as at 18. 5. 1981).
Arbejdsløsheden 1977
Unemployment 1977 Total population in 1977, subdivided into men and women, with the corresponding proportions of over 14 year olds, the working population and the unemployed.
Mænd
Women urn m
Antal arbejdsløse blandt mandlige og kvindelige erhvervs­aktive (hhv. = 100). Status i 1977.
Proportion of the unemployed The proportion of the unemployed to the male and female working population (Total = 100) as at 1977.
En sammenligning af de to diagrammer viser entydigt, at kvinder rammes stærkere af arbejdsløshed.
The comparison of these two graphs shows how much more women are hit by unemployment.
Hvor antallet af arbejdsløse kvinder i forhold til det samlede arbejdsløshedsantal i 60'erne næsten altid bevægede sig under 30 %, faldt det i perioden mellem 1970 og 1976 til ro på over 40 %.
Whereas the women's share of the total unemployment in the 1960s was nearly always under the 30 % mark, during 1970 to 1976 it settled down to more than 40%.
Kvindebeskæftigelsens strukturelle proble­mer bliver endnu grellere i året 1977, hvor arbejdsløsheden nåede op på 50 %.
The problems of female employment became even more obvious in the year 1977 when the unemployment was 50 %.
Udviklingen i ungdomsarbejdsløsheden
Development of youth unemployment
Andelen af unge arbejdsløse indtil 24 år blandt det sanlede antal af arbejdsløse i i rene 1974-1978,1. halvår (maj)
Proportion of young persons up to 24 years to the tot.il number of unemployed in he years 1974—78, first half of the year (May)
Ungdomsarbejdsløsheden 1977 Den samlede befolkning indtil 24 år, opdelt i mænd og kvinder med deres respektive antal personer over 14 år, erhvervsaktive samt arbejdsløse.
Youth unemployment 1977 The population up to 24 years, divided into men and women with the proportions of the over 14 years, the working population and the unemployed.
Antal unge arbejdsløse Antal arbejdsløse blandt mandlige og kvindelige erhvervs­aktive op til 24 år (hhv. = 100).
Proportion of the young unemployed Proportion of the unemployed to the male and female working population up to 24 years (Total 100).
Antallet af unge arbejdsløse ligger væsentligt højere end den samlede arbejdsløshedskvote.
The proportion of unemployed youth is considerably higher than that of all the unemployed.
Tager man kvinder under 24 år, vil man dog se, at kendsgerningen, at kvinder rammes hårdere af arbejdsløshed end mænd, ikke er helt så udpræ­get.
On the other hand in the case of women up to 24 years, their usually greater suscep­tibility to unemployment compared to the men is somewhat less marked.
Kilde: Stikprøvetælling af arbejdskraften 1973-1975-1977, Tab. H/6, Eurostat 1980.
Source: Labour force sample surveys 1973­75­77, Table II/6, Eurostat 1980.
Uddannelsesmåder ΰ-
Educational paths
Skolepligten slutter Sekundærtrin II
Nursery education (Pre­primary)
Elementærområdet
Primary level
I Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland har man et alment uddan­nelsesvæsen, som i almindelighed er gratis.
The Federal Republic of Germany has a general public educational system which is free.
Herudover stilles der i de fleste forbundslande læremidler til rådighed (gratis skolebøger m.v.).
Over and above this in most of the Federal States school books etc. are also provided free.
Der findes endvidere private skoler, hvis antal dog er forholdsvis ringe.
There are some private schools, but they are comparatively few in number.
Det aln ien e uc dan nelses­ —^^ væsen B( srl n. Bre men og f "_BAR_ Nordrtie in­ÌSt åler
Secondary level II is from the 11th to the 13th school year and can be taken only in a grammar school (Gymnasium) which accepts pupils from their 5th to 13th school years.
I Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg og Nordrhein­Westfalen (fra 1981), hvor overgangen til det videregående skolesystem først sker efter 6. skoleår, og hvor skolepligten omfatter 10 år, omfatter hovedskolen 7. til 10. skoleår, gymnasiet 7. til 13. skoleår.
In Berlin, Hamburg and North Rhine Westphalia and Bre­men (since 1981) where the transition to the secondary educational system does not occur until the 6th school year, and the full time com­pulsory education covers 10 years, the main school, the same as the secondary school I covers the 7th to 10th school years and the secon­dary school II (Gymnasium) the 7th to 13th school years.
Der findes lokalt også gymna­sier med skoleårene 11­13 som selvstændig reformeret øvre trin (kursussystem).
The grammar school (Gym­nasium) is also localy run for the school years 11 to 13, as an independent reformed higher level school. (Kurs sys­tem).
Realskolen afsluttes med den såkaldte »Mellemskoleeksa­men«.
At the conclusion of the main school period, the main school final examination is taken. 'Middle
Gymnasiet afsluttes med studentereksamen, der giver adgang til videregående uddannelser ved universiteter, seminarier og andre højere læreanstalter.
Berlin, Bremen and North Rhine Westphalia.
pielt muligt senere at skifte fra en skoleform til en anden, hvilket dog til dels på grund af det forskellige skolepensum kan være nok så problematisk.
This decision need not be final as it is in principle possible to change over later from one kind of school to another, even if this creates problems because of the different subjects taught.
Ved siden af det klassiske tre­strengede skolesystem gen­nemfører alle forbundslande modelforsøg med enhedssko­ler.
Next to this classical three tier form of education, there are trials in all Federal States with model comprehensive schools.
I de »additive enhedssko­ler« (også kaldet koop­skoler) er hoved­, realskole og gym­nasium ganske vist samlet under et tag, men de drives hver for sig som selvstændig skolestreng.
Whereas the 'addi­tive comprehensive schools' (also called cooperative schools) combine the main, secondary modern and gram­mar schools under one roof, but as separate branches of the same school, these insti­tutional divisions are removed in the 'integrated comprehen­sive' schools.
En sådan institu­tionel adskillelse findes ikke i den »integrerede enhedssko­le«.
With these the necessity for early decisions for a certain course of school­ing is avoided, and the main, secondary I or secondary II final exams can be taken, according to preference and ability, in the same school.
Her undgår man at kræve en tidlig beslutning om en bestemt skoleløbebane, og eleverne kan alt efter interes­se og præstation opnå hoved­skole­, »mellemskole«­ og stu­dentereksamen i en og sam­me skoleform.
In the same way the intention to defer the decision for a cer­tain type of school is aided by the lack of narrow specializa­tion in the 5th and 6th school years. There are special schools for disabled children with special emphases (e.g. special schools for slow learners and schools for the blind or
I den senere tids offentlige diskussioner understreger man i nogle forbundslande heldagsskolens betydning.
The importance of all­day schooling has been underlined in the latest public debates in some of the Federal States.
Det erhvervsfaglige uddannelsessystem φ w φ c c ro
The vocational education and training system
Erhvervsuddannelsen omfatter i bredeste forstand alle ud­dannelsesforanstaltninger, såvel offentlige som private, hvis målsætning er at formidle erhvervsmæssige kvalifikationer.
In a wide sense the vocational education and training system embraces all the public and private establishments providing educational services which directly or indirectly lead to the attainment of occupational qualifications.
I uddannelsespolitisk, erhvervs­ og økonomisk pædagogisk sprogbrug indbefatter »det erhvervsfaglige uddannelsessy­stem« dog ikke universitets­ og læreanstaltssektoren.
The expression 'vocational education system' excludes the areas of the university and higher education in the language of educational politics as well as in the language of occu­pational and commercial teaching.
På den anden side omfatter det erhvervsfaglige uddannelses­system ikke blot de teknisk­faglige skoler (offentlige og private), men tillige virksomheder, lærlingeværksteder mel­lem virksomheder indbyrdes, omskolingscentre, revalide­ringscentre, erhvervskamre, erhvervsforbund, fagforeninger osv., der står som garanter for mangfoldige foranstaltninger med henblik på erhvervsmæssig kvalifikation.
On the other hand the vocational education system embraces not only the (public and private) vocational schools and colleges but also indus­ try, industrial training workshops, re­education centres, rehabilitation centres, chambers of commerce and industry, commercial associations, trade unions etc., as the providers of many activities towards the attainment of qualifi­ cations.
For så vidt angår erhvervsuddannelsessystemet har dette i modsætning til det almene uddannelsessystem ingen ensartet kompetencegivning.
C ,Ο +* Q Q > _ ^ Q ømt In contrast to the general education system, there is no single authority governing the vocational education and training system.
Erhvervsuddannelsen sker vidtgående i det såkaldte »duale system«, en kombination af uddannelse i såvel virksomhed som skole.
Vocational training takes place mostly in the so­called dual system — a combination of the in­ company and academic training.
Loven om er­ hvervsuddannelse (BBiG) af 14. august 1969 afstikker ram­ merne for erhvervsuddannelsen (primæruddannelsen), er­ hvervsfaglig videreuddannelse og omskoling på forbunds­plan.
The legal basis for vo­ cational education is the Law for Vocational Training (BBiG) of 14 August 1969 which regulates the vocational training (basic training), further vocational education and vocational retraining in the same way for the whole of the Federal Republic.
Sker erhvervsuddannelsen imidlertid under medvirken af teknisk­faglige skoler eller udelukkende på disse, gælder det som inden for det almene uddannelsessystem, at for­bundslandene er kulturelt autonome.
Where, however, vocational education colleges have full responsibility for conducting vocational education programmes, they are governed by the Cultural Ministries of the Federal States.
Også i de teknisk­faglige skoler er undervisningen gratis.
Tuition is also free of charge in vocational education and η*Φ training schools and colleges.
Systemet består i enkeltheder af følgende skoleformer: Obligatoriske lærlingeskoler, erhvervsfagskoler, fagspecial­ skoler, erhvervsfortsættelsesskoler, højere fagskoler og er­ hvervsfagligt gymnasium.
They comprise the following mmw individual types of educational institutions: occupational ^^ training school (Berufsschule), craft training school (Berufs­fachschule), trade school (Fachschule), vocational further ■■■ education college (Berufsaufbauschule), trade high school (Fachoberschule) and vocational secondary school.
De obligatoriske lærlingeskoler er obligatorisk skole for ^"i_BAR_ unge. der efter afslutningen af sekundærtrin I søger uddan­ V¿ nelse som lærlinge (uddannelsessøgende) inden for et er­mm"% hverv eller har påbegyndt et arbejdsforhold som hjælpear­bejder.
Occupational training schools are compulsory for young persons who, after completing secondary I level are engaged in their apprentice training or have signed an agreement as assistant workers.
Unge arbejdsløse omfattes imidlertid også af skolep­ligten.
The obligation to attend an occupational training school exists also for the young unemployed.
Almindeligvis omfatter denne skolegang 3 år, men varer dog mindst, indtil erhvervsuddannelsen af afsluttet.
Generally attendance at an occupational train­ing school is for three years in each case but can be extended to the end of the training for an occupation.
Den obligatoriske lærlingeskole er en deltidsskole, som de unge som regel frekventerer en dag om ugen.
Occupational training schools are part­time schools which are generally attended one day a week.
Man går dog mere og mere over til to ugentlige skoledage. Sideløbende hermed får den såkaldte blokundervisning stadig større betydning.
There is, however, an increasing tendency to arrange for two days attendace each week.
Den sammenfatter lærlingeskolens undervisning i tidsmæssigt sammenhængende blokke af flere ugers varighed og efterfølges umiddelbart af en heltidsblokuddan­nelse i den enkelte virksomhed.
At the same time the 'block release' method of instruction is condensed into 'block' tuition lasting several weeks at times agreed with the employer.
Erhvervsfagskolerne kan helt eller delvist erstatte uddannel­sen i virksomheden.
Craft training schools can partly or completely replace the in­company training.
Elever udgået fra hovedskolen har således gennemgået en uddan­nelse, som ækvivalerer med en realeksamen. Hvis de unge i
Requirements for entry are completion of main school, and for those from the fewer occupational higher education colleges the middle school certificates.
Sundhedsvæsen (sygeplejeskoler) f.eks. sygeplejerske, lægesekretær
Health schools of nursing e.g. Nurse, Doctor's assistant
Mellem universiteter, højere læreanstalter m.v. (øverst til venstre) og læren (øverst til højre) ses det vidtforgrenede system af erhvervsfaglige skoler.
The wide range of opportunities for vocational training are indicated, varying from the apprenticeship (top right) to the colleges.
Af diagrammet fremgår, på hvilket alderstrin de forskellige uddannelsesmåder frekventeres, hvornår man træffer beslutning med henblik på det videre uddannelsesforløb, og om en sådan beslutning er endegyldig.
The ages at which various stages in the educational system are reached are given and also at what stages decisions must be made about further studies, and to what extent these decisions are binding.
Man kan af diagrammet endvidere aflæse varigheden af den almene skolepligt, samt i hvilken alder de tilsigtede eksaminer aflægges, og hvad der kræves hertil.
The diagram indicates the period of compulsory general education, the period of training required for the final examinations and the age at which these are taken.
Erhvervsfagskole efter 2 år mellemeksamen eller medhjælperbevis f.eks. barneplejerske, teknisk tegner, murer .
Cralt training after 2 years middle school certificate or craftsman level or craftsman's certificates e.g. Children's nurse, Technician, Draughtsman, Mason.