natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Som gennemsnit for året 1987 forblev ledigheden på ca. 11,6%.
As an annual average, the unemployment rate in 1987 remained at around 11.6%.
Forholdene var forskellige fra land til land.
The situation differed from one country to another.
For bundsrepublikken Tyskland formåede således at fastholde sit overskud på såvel handelsbalancen som betalingsbalancens løbende poster (henholdsvis + 5,8 og +3,9% af BNP).
Germany was able to maintain its trade and current account surpluses (+5.8% and +3.9% of GDP).
Til gengæld øgedes den negative saldo på handelsbalancen og på betalingsbalancens løbende poster i Det Forenede Kongerige med henholdsvis —2,4 og —0,6% mod -2,2 og -0,3% i 1986.
In contrast, the United Kingdom's trade and current account deficits widened (-2.4% and -0.6% compared with -2.2% and -0.3% in 1986).
Der var ligeledes underskud i Frankrig og Italien.
France and Italy both had deficits while Spain's surpluses were reduced.
Hertil kommer, at overskuddet på betalingsbalancens løbende poster i Spanien indsnævredes.
There was a substantial improvement in Greece's foreign payments account, although the trade component of this account still remains in serious disequilibrium.
Grækenlands handelsbalance var fortsat stærkt negativ, hvorimod det lykkedes at forbedre betalingsbalancens løbende poster.
Largely because of a widening trade surplus, Ireland's current account moved into modest surplus, the first for twenty years.
Endelig førte den betydelige positive saldo på den irske handelsbalance til, at der for første gang i 20 år konstateredes overskud på betalingsbalancens løbende poster.
Thanks to industrial policy measures introduced during the last few years, employment picked up in
De forskellige kategorier af den erhvervsaktive befolkning berøres i større eller mindre grad af denne høje ledighed.
This high level of unemployment affected different sections of the working population unevenly.
Ledigheden blandt unge, kvinder, ældre og ufaglærte volder særlige problemer på arbejdsmarkedet. Desuden giver stig-
The jobless among the young, women, elderly and unskilled workers posed specific labour problems while the rising number of longterm unemployed
Nøgletal for Fællesskabet, USA og Japan 1983-1987
Summary data, 1983—1987: EEC — USA — Japan
Stigningstakter (faste priser)
Annual rates of change Volume (%) GDP(')
Prisudvikling (deflator for det private forbrug)
Prices (private consumption deflator) (%)
Den offentlige sektors finansieringsbehov eller -evne I % af BNP
Public sector borrowing requirements (% GDP)
Ændring i beskæftigelsen i %
Employment (% change)
Ledighedsprocent
Unemployment rates
(i) BNP for Fællesskabet, men BNI for USA og Japan (2) Stigningstakler for BNP pr. beskæftigel. " Skøn.
(2) In the case of the United States and Japan, the indices are also compared with the Community 1980 value.
Kilde: Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber; OECD.
EEC (3) Annual rates of growth in GDP per person employed. * Estimates Sources: Commission of the European Communities; OECD
Den økonomiske baggrund vanskeligheder som landene i Afrika, godt af en økonomisk vækst, der især kan tilskrives den rivende udvikling i den internationale turisme.
Lastly, the Caribbean and Pacific countries, most of which face less severe difficulties than the African countries, enjoyed economic growth based mainly on sustained expansion of international tourism.
ningen i antallet af langtidsledige fortsat anledning til bekymring.
remained disquieting.
Det er især tilfældet i Belgien, Irland og Italien, hvor to tredjedele af de ledige har været uden beskæftigelse i over et år. I Spanien og Neder landene overstiger deres andel 50%.
This phenomenon was pronounced in Belgium, Ireland and Italy, where two thirds of the unemployed had been without work for more than a year, while in Spain and the Netherlands more than 50% of the jobless were in this position.
I tredjelandene i Middelhavsområdet bidrog forværringen af den internationale konjunktur, men i nogle tilfælde også de faldende råoliepriser eller de vigende overførsler fra de emigrerede arbejdstagere til at øge de økonomiske vanskeligheder, som flertallet af disse lande står overfor.
In the Mediterranean countries outside the Community, the less favourable international economic climate and, in the case of certain of them, the fall in crude oil prices or the reduced flow of remittances from migrant workers contributed towards aggravating the economic difficulties facing most of them.
Den hidtidige tendens til svækkelse af inflationen fortsatte.
The previous tendency for the rate of inflation to slacken continued.
I 1987 steg forbrugerprisindekset med 3,2 procentpoints i hele Fællesskabet, hvilket er det bedste resultat i de sidste tyve år.
In 1987, the consumer price index rose by 3.2% for the Community as a whole, the best result recorded for the last twenty years.
Udviklingen var særlig klar i landene med høj inflation, hvilket styrkede den europæiske konvergens på området.
The fall was especially marked in those countries where inflation was still high so that greater convergence was achieved in this respect within Europe.
I Fællesskabet under et kom det til en mindre tilbage gang i de reale lønomkostninger pr. produceret enhed.
For the Community economy as a whole, real unit wage costs fell slightly.
I landene i Afrika, Vestindien og Stillehavet, der siden begyndelsen af firserne har stået over for betydelige økonomiske vanskeligheder, synes der at være en bedring på vej.
In the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries, confronted with considerable economic difficulties since the beginning of the 1980s, some improvement could be discerned.
De strukturelle svagheder, der kendetegner mange Middelhavslande (markedsmekanismernes utilstrækkelige rolle, forvridningerne af omkostnings- og prisniveauet, de offentlige virksomheders manglende effektivitet og landbrugets beskedne produktivitet), udgør en alvorlig hæmsko, og underskuddene på statsbudgetterne, der øges af overførslerne og militærudgifterne, forblev generelt for omfattende.
The structural weaknesses of the economies of certain of the Mediterranean countries (the insufficient part played by market mechanisms, cost and price distortions, the inefficiency of state enterprises and poor agricultural productivity) are a serious handicap and, in general, government budget deficits, burdened with subsidy payments and defence expenditure, are still too high.
I visse lande, især Tunesien og Marokko, er der sket en vis liberalisering af økonomien i samarbejde med Den Internationale Valutafond og Verdensbanken.
In some countries, particularly Tunisia and Morocco, a certain liberalisation of the economy has been undertaken under the aegis of the IMF and the World Bank.
Krigen i Libanon har desorganiseret landets økonomi og samtidig betydet en økonomisk belastning for Syrien, der har måttet konstatere en mærkbar tilbagegang i bistanden fra udlandet, hvor imod de små landes situation generelt var bedre.
In Lebanon civil war has disrupted the economy and also weighed heavily on that of Syria which has seen foreign aid diminish considerably; the position of the smaller countries has generally been better.
I Tyrkiet fortsætter liberaliseringen af økonomien, medens Jugoslavien har gennemgået en alvorlig krise med en inflation på over 100% og nogen tøven ved udformningen af den økonomiske politik.
Turkey has continued along the path of liberalisation, whereas Yugoslavia's economy is going through a severe crisis with inflation exceeding 100% and indecision as to the appropriate economic policy to follow.
I en række afrikanske lande er der i nogle år blevet gennemført foranstaltninger for liberalisering af økonomien, genskabelse af finansielle tilskyndelser til produktion, reduktion af underskuddene, styrkelse eller privatisering af de offentlige virksomheder og vidtgående justering af valutakurserne.
In a number of African countries, measures have been adopted for several years to liberalise the economy, restore financial incentives to encourage production, reduce deficits, strengthen public sector enterprises or make them more independent and, as far as possible, realign their rates of exchange more realistically.
Visse lande har derved igen fået en beskeden økonomisk vækst i gang. Disse reformer er imidlertid skrøbelige, og de hermed forbundne sociale og politiske omkostninger er ofte betydelige.
Certain of these countries have succeeded in resuming some modest economic growth, but the reforms remain fragile and the social and political costs are often high.
Bortset fra den dramatiske undtagelse Etiopien, påvirkede de klimatiske forhold generelt landbrugsproduktionen gunstigt, og den faldende tendens i verdensmarkedspriserne på visse råvarer synes at være ophørt eller endda vendt. Priserne på metaller, især kobber, aluminium og nikkel, steg mærkbart sidst på året.
With the tragic exception of Ethiopia, weather conditions were generally favourable for agricultural production and world prices for certain commodities seemed to have bottomed out and even to have moved upwards slightly; metal prices, especially those of copper, aluminium and nickel, rose considerably towards the end of the year.
Svækkelsen af US-$, der for en del opvejede disse forhøjelser, lettede dog samtidig gældsbyrden.
Although the depreciation of the dollar partly offset these gains, it also alleviated the debt burden of these countries.
Efter denne tilbageskuende konjunkturelle analyse af Fællesskabets makroøkonomiske præstationer bør det straks understreges, at oprettelsen af det indre marked og den samtidige styrkelse af den økonomiske og sociale samhørighed udgør to betydelige udfordringer for Europas fremtid.
Looking beyond short-term changes in macroeconomic performance within the Community, two major challenges crucial to European economic development are completion of the internal market and the simultaneous achievement of greater economic and social cohesion.
Virkeliggørelsen af disse mål med udgangen af 1992 vil i vid udstrækning påvirke de berørte landes fremtid og den europæiske enhed.
Success in attaining these objectives jointly by 1992 will help to determine both the future of the countries concerned and European unity.
Fællesskabets og i særdeleshed Bankens bidrag til forbedring af infrastrukturerne for kommunikation er et skridt på vejen.
Community financing, notably that of the EIB, in favour of communications infrastructure is one contribution to this, for, to give tangible expression to the notion of an internal market, persons and goods must be able to circulate freely without major physical or financial hindrance.
Det er således fremmende for virkeliggørelsen af ideen om det indre marked at såvel personer som varer her kan bevæge sig uden væsentlige hindringer, hverken af fysisk eller omkostningsmæssig art. Det er end videre nødvendigt at de mindst begunstigede områder forsynes med de nødvendige og økonomisk berettigede infrastrukturer for at kunne udbygge deres eksport og skabe et gunstigt klima for oprettelse af nye virksomheder og fremgang for de bestående.
At the same time, the less-favoured regions should have the necessary economically justified infrastructure to develop their exports and establish the appropriate environment for creating and expanding businesses.
Endelig nød landene i Vestindien og Stillehavet, der i de fleste tilfælde ikke står over for så alvorlige
The European Community and its Member States are playing an active part in promoting greater awareness within the international community of the special features of Africa's debt problems.
Opsparingsrate, investeringsrate og stigningstakt i BNP i Fællesskabet (
Rate of savings, rate of investment and rate of growth of gross domestic product in the Community (1
) Afledt af totalbeløb i nationale valutaer og ECU for henholdsvis medlemsstaterne og Fællesskabet, ) Opsparingsraten er ikke repræsentativ.
(') Derived from aggregates expressed in national currencies in the case of Member Countries and in ECUs in the case of the Community (2) The rate of savings for Luxembourg exceeds the range of this graph.
Fællesskabets udvidelser med Grækenland og derefter Spanien og Portugal har tilspidset vanskelighederne i forbindelse med såvel de forskellige forsyningsgrader .som isole­ringen af randområderne, der ofte hører til de mest forfordelte.
The economic context of EIB activity in 1987 embrace Greece and then Spain and Portugal has aggravated the difficulties deriving from infra­structural disparities and the isolation of peripheral regions which are often among the less­favoured.
Udjævningen af disse uligheder nødvendiggør meget forskelligartede tiltag.
The removal of these imbalances or deficiencies calls for a range of measures.
Infrastrukturerne for transport, der for størstedelen er udformet inden for en national horisont i det nittende århundrede, skulle opfylde to hovedformål, nemlig for det første at styrke samhørigheden mellem de forskellige dele af et land eller i det mindste mellem de vigtigste dele, og for det andet at lette forsyningen af de store mine­ og industriom­råder samt afsætningen af deres produkter i forbrugscentrene.
Transport systems, which were mostly designed in the 19th century in a purely national context, orig­inally had two principal purposes: to bring about greater cohesion between the different regions of a country or, at least, between the most important ones; and to bring supplies to the major mining and industrial centres and to carry back to consumer centres the goods which these produced.
Udviklingen af nye transport­midler, den økonomiske udvikling i Europa, gennem­førelsen af det fælles marked og den stigende inter­nationalisering af samhandelen har i de sidste tredive år i høj grad ændret medlemslandenes behov for infrastrukturer.
The emergence of new forms of transport, the devel­opment of the European economies, the creation of the Common Market and the increasingly inter­national character of trade have all profoundly changed the infrastructural needs of the Member States during the last 30 years.
Der må således igangsættes programmer for gradvis forbedring og modernisering af de eksisterende regionale net, hvilket ofte indebærer gennemførelse af talrige mindre foranstaltninger.
On the one hand, programmes must be set on foot progressively to improve and modernise existing regional systems and this may entail the implemen­tation of many small­scale schemes.
Skønt der næppe længere er egne i Fællesskabet, der savner de mest nødvendige grundlagsinfrastrukturer for f.eks. veje og elforsyning, er forsyningsgraden undertiden util­strækkelig til at kunne bidrage til skabelsen af et klima, som tilskynder til oprettelse eller udvikling af virksomheder og formår at standse forarmningen af de egne, der er ugunstigt stillede, det være sig geografisk (randområder, bjergegne eller indeslut­tede områder) eller økonomisk (tilbagestående land­brugsområder eller områder med ældre industri under omstilling).
Moreover, few regions in the Community are without a minimum level of basic infrastructure, whether roads or elec­tricity supply systems. The problem is that new equipment is still sometimes inadequate to create an environment encouraging the establishment and development of enterprises and to arrest the impoverishment of regions which are geogra­phically or economically handicapped: peripheral, mountainous and isolated areas, backward rural areas and zones with declining industries.
Således betragtet har mange områder dårlig adgang til de nye beslutnings­ og vækstcentre, ligesom deres infrastrukturer har vist sig forældede eller ude af trit med behovsudviklingen.
As a result of these developments, many regions now find themselves badly connected to the new decision­taking and economic centres and their infrastructure has become obsolete or ill­adapted to their changing needs.
Telenettene, der er af nyere dato, har heller ikke altid kunnet indfri forvent­ningerne.
Although of more recent date, telecommunications systems also are not always free of similar shortcomings.
Derfor er der opstået Iøjnefaldende forskelle, dels inden for de enkelte lande, dels mellem nabolande, i adgangen til infrastrukturer for kommunikation.
Last though certainly not least, poor cross­frontier communications have raised increasingly costly obstacles to the growth of inter­national trade. Enlargement of the Community to
Endelig har dårlige grænseoverskri­dende kommunikationsforbindelser lagt stadig mere
In addition, it may be necessary to create Community­wide or more limited systems benefiting several Member Countries and adapted to contem­porary needs as regards the capacity and rapidity of communications and the quality of services offered.
Finansieringsbidrag til kommunikation i Fællesskabet 1983­1987
Financing provided within the Community from 1983 to 1987 for communications
Infrastrukturer af fælles interesse 2 207,8 mio
Infrastructure of common interest 2 207.8 million ECUs
Fællesskabet) _BAR_ Lufttransport
(23.3 % of financing within the Community)
Π Motorveje
_BAR_ Motorways
Den økonomiske baggrund formål.
The economic context of EIB activity in 1987
Der er i nogle tilfælde tale om store infrastrukturer, de såkaldte manglende led i et integreret europæisk net. Kanaltunnelen er naturligvis et særlig fremtrædende eksempel herpå (jf. rammen nedenfor).
In certain cases, major infrastructure must be created to fill the missing links in an integrated European network.
Bankens indsats i de forløbne år, der er fremstillet skematisk i figuren på foregående side, har taget skyldigt hensyn til disse betragtninger.
In this respect, they cannot be exempt from the discipline of economic viability: an infrastructure project however 'large' must still be 'sound'.
forskelligartede til omfang og
As a whole, the investment projects concerned differ widely in size and purpose.
Kanaltunnelen
The Channel Tunnel
185 år efter at Albert Mathieu i 1802 forelagde Napoleon det første udkast, udvekslede den britiske premierminister og den franske præsident den 29. juli 1987 ratifikationsdokumenterne vedrorende den fransk-britiske traktat om opforelse og drift af Kanaltunnelen.
185 years after the first Channel tunnel project was market was reasonable and the project commercially submitted to Napoleon by Albert Mathieu in 1802, the viable; that, from the technical viewpoint, the project was
interesse for Fællesskabet, at det forventede marked trods de iboende vanskeligheder ved en sådan undersøgelse var rimeligt, at projektet var kommercielt og teknisk bæredygtigt og kun frembød begrænsede tekniske risici takket være anvendelsen af gennemprøvet entreprenorteknologi, samt at det var vel rustet til at modstå ændringer i de tekniske, økonomiske eller markedsmæssige forhold med en tilfredsstillende økonomisk og finansiel rentabilitet.
sound and the risks limited because of the use of proven civil engineering technology; that the project was sufficiently robust to withstand changes in technical, economic and market conditions and offered satisfactory rates of economic return and profitability.
På dette grundlag bemyndigede bestyrelsen Banken til at indgå en kreditaftale med Eurotunnel, der blev undertegnet den 7. september 1987.
In the light of these conclusions, the Bank's Board of Directors authorised the Bank to conclude a credit agreement with Eurotunnel, which was signed on 7 September 1987.
Formålet er at skabe en fast, hurtig og vejrfast forbindelse mellem det britiske og franske vej- og jernbanenet.
This project will join the British and French road and rail systems by means of a rapid fixed link unaffected by the weather.
Projektet er et skoleeksempel på et projekt af interesse for Fællesskabet.
In the benefits ¡t provides to the Community as a whole, it is exemplary.
Det er resultatet af et samarbejde mellem investorer og entreprenørvirksomheder fra medlemslandene og vil muliggøre en betydelig reduktion af rejsetiden fra f.eks. London til Paris eller Bruxelles såvel med bil som med tog, og det så meget desto mere som projektet på det europæiske fastland følges op af bygningen af højhastighedsbaner.
The fruit of collaboration between investors and construction firms in different Member States, it will make for considerable reductions in road and rail travelling times between London and Paris, Brussels and other destinations, a gain which will be boosted by the project's integration with the high speed train network on the continent.
Bevægeligheden for personer og varer mellem Det Forenede Kongerige og hele det europæiske fastland vil således blive forbedret mærkbart.
The movement of persons and goods between the United Kingdom and the whole of the continent will be much improved.
Tunnelen vil desuden bidrage til at styrke samarbejdet mellem de forskellige europæiske jernbane selskaber og gore dem endnu mere effektive over lange afstande.
The tunnel will also contribute towards greater cooperation between the different European railway companies, enhancing their efficiency as long-distance carriers.
Aftalen åbner mulighed for, at Eurotunnel kan modtage indtil 1 396 mio i løbet af anlægsperioden.
Under this agreement Eurotunnel will receive a total of £1 billion or Ffrs 10 billion (1 396 million ECUs) during the construction period.
Midlerne indgår i en konsortlalkredit på 6 980 mio, som en gruppe på 50 internationale banker officielt stillede emissionsgaranti for den 26. august 1987.
These will form part of the syndicated credit for £5 billion or Ffrs 50 billion (6 980 million ECUs) officially guaranteed by a group of 50 international banks on 26 August 1987.
Inden for denne ramme skal Banken hovedsagelig yde fast forrentede lån med løbetider på Indtil 25 år (mod højst 18 år for lånene fra bankkonsortiet).
Under these arrangements, the Bank will grant essentially fixed-rate loans for terms of up to 25 years (i.e. for longer than the maximum term of 18 years for financing provided by the syndicated banks).
Bankens lån sikres via kreditbreve fra bankkonsortiet, indtil projektet er vel afsluttet, og derefter på samme måde som lånene fra bankkonsortiet, nemlig i projektets aktiver og afkast.
Thereafter, the Bank's loans will be guaranteed on the same basis as the loans granted by the interbank syndicate, that is to say by charges on project assets and revenues.
Denne kreditaftale lettede i hoj grad udformningen og indgåelsen af aftalerne om den samlede konsortialkredit.
This credit agreement was a very positive factor in the negotiation and satisfactory conclusion of the syndicate arrangements for the overall credit.
Straks efter bekendtgørelsen af den britiske og franske regerings godkendelse af projektet henvendte projektets initiativtager, Eurotunnel, sig til Banken for at undersøge mulighederne for dens deltagelse I finansieringen.
As soon as the British and French governments' decision on the choice of project was announced, the Promoter, Eurotunnel, asked the Bank to consider possible ways of contributing to its financing.
Herefter foretog Banken en analyse af projektets økonomiske, tekniske og finansielle aspekter i overensstemmelse med sine sædvanlige bedommelseskriterier.
Accordingly economic, technical and financial aspects of the project were analysed by the Bank in line with its customary appraisal procedures.
Den bekræftede, at projektet var af overordentlig økonomisk
The results of appraisal confirmed: that the Eurotunnel project offered major economic benefits for the Community; that, despite the uncertainties inherent in this type of study, the assessment of the potential
Bankens indskud af sagkundskab og kapital i dette omfattende projekt kan tjene som reference for kommende samfinansieringer af andre store infrastrukturer, der fremmer Fællesskabets udvikling og integration. tion.
The Bank's contribution to this major project in terms of expertise and financing could become a model for future co-financing operations concerning large infrastructure projects contributing to the European Community's further development and integration.
Ifølge vedtægterne udgør Fællesskabets politik et vigtigt holdepunkt for Banken.
In accordance with its Statute, the Bank develops its activity within the framework of Community policies and in accordance with the deliberations of its decision-taking organs.