natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
■ privatisering: dele af undervisningen skal kunne klare sig selv.
Education could play an innovative role in increasing the •range of tasks performed.
Men det er også klart, at der her ikke blot er tale om bedre information, men at der også må lægges vægt på en bedre fordeling af status, indkomst og arbejde.
Practical work experience is an important part of training.
A. d'Iribarne fra LEST i Aix­en­Provence talte om behovet for nye kvalifikationer og undervisningsplaner.
Geurts, Hovels and von Onna from Nijme­gen took the same line, emphasizing that training should be geared to an occupation rather than teaching skills for specific jobs and tasks.
Samtidig opstår der stor fare for polarisering: Enten har man fået en god undervisning og uddannel­se og dermed en god karriere, eller man har kun ringe muligheder for at få fast arbejde eller udfører ensformigt rutinearbejde.
Occupational skills not only enabled employees to work in more different jobs in a relatively independent manner but also strengthened their position in the labour market.
De erhvervsspecifikke uddannelser vil kun kunne øge afstanden mellem disse grup­per.
If occupations were taken as the starting point, this would have implications not only for the content of training but also for the organization of work in firms.
■ finansiel intervention: politikerne forsø­ger at gennemføre visse uddannelsesmål ved hjælp af finansielle incitamenter.
A British delegate com­mented that placing the emphasis on occu­pations as organizational units might ham­per the modernization of firms.
Et eksem­pel herpå er Youth Training Scheme i Det forenede Kongerige.
Examples from the printing industry in the Nether­lands were, however, given to show that it had been possible to create and provide training in new occupations.
Det faktiske kendskab til forbindelserne mellem undervisning og arbejde er temme­lig ufuldstændigt. Som følge af at området sorterer under forskellige ministerier, sker der oftet intet.
Parkes of the Further Educational Staff College in Bristol, who was co­rapporteur for this topic, described the relationship between the further education and indus­trial training sectors in England and Wales.
I forlængelse heraf gav J. J. Sexton fra ESRI i Dublin en omfattende oversigt over udviklingen mht. arbejdsløshed i EF­lande­ne. I alle lande er der tale om en stærk stigning i og en stigende tendens inden for langtidsledigheden.
Economic and technological developments and the high level of youth unemployment had made it difficult to maintain a balance between employers' and employees' needs.
I gennemsnit hører 40 % til kategorien langtidsledige, men kun 15 % i visse andre lande.
The government intervened in various ways to keep the interests of the two sides in balance.
Man kan imidler­tid stille det spørgsmål, om statistikkerne på dette punkt er helt sammenlignelige (se i denne forbindelse referatet af emne III). Det er klart, at der også er andre mønstre.
It had, for example, introduced the Youth Training Scheme (YTS), which en­abled all 16­year­olds, the unemployed under 18 and young people in jobs in which they had little prospect of being trained to training of workers.
Forbindelserne mellem undervisning og arbejde kan beskrives på forskellige måder.
As the dual system included in­company training, the condi­tions for continuing training were also favourable.
Der findes en række teorier, som hver belyser et bestemt aspekt af disse forbindel­ser.
In 1982 42% of workers parti­cipated in ¡η­company continuing training.
Absorptionsteorierne og kvalifika­tionsteorierne er nogle eksempler. Van Hoof og Van Wieringen (Amsterdam) har i deres bidrag forsøgt at beskrive disse rela­tioner på en systematisk måde.
The system was, however, rather selective in that it was geared to people already in jobs.
De skelner mellem fire sektorer inden for undervisning og uddannelse.
Non­company continuing training was con­ventional in form and rarely innovative.
Den første sektor er den erhvervsfaglige undervisning, der mest tilrettelægges af ministeriet for undervisning og videnskab. Den anden er
Such training should also be designed to eliminate the deficiencies of the dual system in terms of the qualitative and quantitative interface between training and the labour market, the main aim being to coordinate the second and third of the above­men­tioned sectors.
Han pegede også på visse problemer, der hænger sammen med myndighedernes og erhvervslivets forskellige ansvarsområder.
Finally, de Wolf (Netherlands Open Uni­versity) referred to the opportunities pre­sented by 'open learning' as examples of the fourth sector.
Men virksomhederne ønsker ikke at blive afhængige af staten på grund af finansieringen af erhvervsuddannelserne.
He quoted the Open Univer­sity as an example of tertiary education and evening schools an an example of secondary education.
Derfor bør der gives et års grundlæggende erhvervsuddannelse (Berufsgrundbildung).
He also stressed the importance of general education in adult education and employment.
skellig vis for at sikre balancen mellem de forskellige interesser. Et af eksemplerne er Youth Training Scheme (YTS).
Topic IH: 'Coping with complexity: new information requirements for policy-making' made.
Selv om der har været nogle uundgåelige konflikter mellem de forskellige grupper, ministerierne, lokale myndigheder og erhvervslivet, er der dog opstået mange former for produktivt samarbejde.
In conjunction with various specific surveys of school and working careers -which were also being conducted by the IAB - a better understanding of the problems in the labour market could thus be ob­tained.
P. Banke fra Danmark kritiserede, at man gav undervisning og uddannelse en sådan reaktiv rolle.
Berlin explained his method of comparing different generations (cohorts).
Uddannelse skal ikke være en afhængig variabel, men en uafhængig variabel.
This en­abled general 'regularities' in the relation­ship between training and working careers to be distinguished from cyclical influences.
Uddannelsen kan anvendes til at øve indflydelse på arbejdsorganisationen.
This method was used, as it were, to paint a picture after the event.
Praktik udgør en vigtig del af uddannelsen.
In the Netherlands various major surveys of this kind had been con­ducted in recent years, and they would eventually enable interesting comparisons to be made.
derne må også tage højde for manglerne i det todelte system med hensyn til kvalitative og kvantitative forbindelser mellem under visning og arbejdsmarked.
B. Kuhry and J. Passenier described a model used in the Netherlands to make forecasts of trends in the next 20 years on the basis of existing data.
Der er her navnlig tale om tilpasning fnellem ovennævnte anden og tredje sektor.
This 'SKILL' model also takes account of demographic factors: it explicity covers the effect of the declining birth rate (about which the Com­mission of the European Communities has very recently expressed serious concern!).
Indlæggene af Geurts, Hovels og Van Onna gik også i denne retning, idet de understregede, at der ikke skal bibringes funktionseller opgavespecifikke kvalifikationer i uddannelsen, men at uddannelsen skal orienteres i retning af et erhverv.
Planners, policy-makers and individuals all need practical information if they are to make predictions about education, training or employment.
Erhvervskvalifikationer gør det ikke blot muligt for arbejdstagerne at udføre flere forskellige funktioner på en relativt selvstændig måde, men de styrker også deres stilling på arbejdsmarkedet.
If this is not adequately appreciated, information may be provided that is of little or no use for the decisions that need to be taken.
Hvis man tager erhvervet som udgangspunkt, har dette ikke blot indflydelse på undervis ningens indhold, men også på arbejdsorganisationen i virksomheden.
After all, recent developments in the labour market and the change of attitude towards education and training were not foreseen in most coun­tries.
Fra engelsk side blev det bemærket, at man ved at lægge alt for stor vægt på erhvervet som organisationsenhed kan modvirke en modernisering af erhvervslivet.
This is at least partly due to the fact that certain types of information are not available to shed light on such changes.
Erhvervsuddannelserne i det todelte system giver også gode muligheder for videreuddannelse.
P. Blossfeld of the Max Planck Institute in
Der blev imidlertid nævnt nogle eksempler fra den grafiske industri i Nederlandene, hvor det havde været muligt at oprette nye erhverv og indrette en uddannelse med henblik herpå.
In a lengthy statement M. Tessaring of the Institute for Labour Market and Occupa­tional Research (IAB) in Nuremberg, who also chaired the discussion of this topic, explained the situation in the Federal Republic.
I 1982 deltog 42 "lo af arbejdstagerne i videreuddannelse.
The last paper, presented by J. Affichard and J. F. Germe of CEREQ in Paris, reviewed French research findings and the available data.
Men systemet fungerer ret selektivt, idet de fleste er personer, der allerede har en arbejdsplads.
Here again, considerable emphasis was placed on the importance of data on people's school and working car­eers, or longitudinal data.
Videreuddannelserne uden for virksomhederne er traditionsprægede og kun i ringe grad fornyende.
A major and constant drawback was that this was an expensive type of research since careers had to be observed over a long period.
Til sidst vil vi i forbindelse med emne II nævne et indlæg af Wolf (det Åbne Univer-
Naturally, the training programme also includes the operation of the cash register.
For den tertiære undervisning fremhævedes det åbne universitet og for den sekundære undervisning aftenskolerne.
These SIGs might eventually lead to bi- or trilateral studies.
På baggrund af denne undersøgelse kan der skelnes mellem visse generelle »lovmæssig­heder« i forholdet mellem uddannelse og erhvervskarriere og den konjunkturelle ind­flydelse.
tionships can reveal how the various train ing capacities and the distribution of train ing courses change and depend on the influence the various education/training sectors have on each other.
Et bidrag fra tre medarbejdere ved det nederlandske centrale statistiske kontor vedrørte fordelene ved disse erhvervskarrie­reundersøgelser.
Apart from the recommendation that further research should be carried out, many suggestions regarding future policy were made during the symposium.
Med henblik på gennemførelse af et sådant samarbejde er det ønskeligt, at der nedsættes »special interest groups« (SIG).
The symposium was attended by many representatives of the worlds of politics, policy-making and research.
Disse kan udveksle oplysninger om bestemte forskningsområder. CEDEFOP eller SVO kunne være koordinationspunkt.
Its principal objective was to permit an exchange of information and a transfer of available research findings to the benefit of policy-making.
Der blev også stillet mange forslag om den fremtidige forskning på symposiet.
It is still too early to say what effect this will have in practice.
I det følgende omtaler vi et kort udvalg af relevante henstillinger.
It was nonetheless very important for the various groups to learn of each other's problems and questions.
Uddannelsesinfrastrukturen inden for visse sektorer kan forbedres gennem et samarbejde mellem forskellige virksomhe der og myndighederne.
The training infrastructure in certain sectors can be improved if various firms and the authorities cooperate.
Gennem standardisering af uddannelserne og officiel godkendelse af disse vil der kunne gives grupper med dårlige muligheder og arbejdsløse et bedre tilbud om videreuddannelse.
The standardization of training and certification must also make for a definite range of continuing training opportunities for the unemployed and groups whose prospects are poor.
Emne III
Topic I
Henstillinger
Topic III
I symposiet deltog et stort antal personer fra politik og videnskab.
Education and training will be of the utmost importance in tomorrow's high tech so ciety.
Det vigtigste mål var at udveksle informationer og at stille viden til rådighed for politikerne.
Various international organizations (including the European Community) should make it easier for technicians to attend training courses in other countries.
Det er endnu for tidligt at konstatere, hvorledes dette giver sig udslag i praksis.
The alternative is fierce international com petition.
Men det har været af stor betydning, at de forskellige grupper har stiftet bekendtskab med hinandens pro blemer.
The various governments will also have to persuade firms of the need to invest in training.
Resultaterne af symposiet vil blive offentliggjort på forskellig vis. For det første vil der i løbet af kort tid blive offentliggjort et udvalg af de forelagte dokumenter, som således vil blive gjort tilgængelig for et bredt publikum.
In addition, more thought must be given - by governments and employers - to the skills that should primarily be developed.
Der blev formuleret en lang række ønsker vedrørende forbedringen af de disponible data.
A number of explicit suggestions were made for improving the available data.
En tværgående — longitudinal — undersøgelse er nødvendig for at få indsigt i udviklingen mht. skolegang og erhvervskarriere.
Long-term - longitudinal - research is needed to shed light on trends in school and working careers.
Sådanne undersøgelser må afpasses efter hinanden for at gøre dem internationalt sammenlignelige.
To ensure international comparability, such studies should preferably be coordinated.
Dette gælder også for andre metoder for indsamling af data, der danner grundlag for prognosemodeller.
This is equally true of various other methods of collecting data as a basis for forecasting models.
Det har hidtil været alt for let at beslutte at ændre en standard eller at ophøre med indsamling af sammenlignelige data.
In the past it has been too readily decided to change a standard or discontinue the collection of comparative data.
Der bør derfor hurtigst muligt udarbejdes en fortegnelse over disponible data inden for EF.
An inventory of access ible sources of comparable data in the European Community should therefore be compiled without delay.
Nogle erfarne forskere advarede imod, at man lige fra starten gjorde denne organisation for omfattende, som det så ofte sker i international sammenhæng.
The conclusions drawn at the symposium will be publicized in various ways. First, a selection of the papers presented is to be published shortly and so made accessible to a wider public.
J. P. Jallade slog til lyd for en forskning af et mindre omfang, der kan give konkrete resultater i løbet af få år.
A number of proposals concerning research will also be presented.
Og der bør ikke blot iværksættes undersøgelser til brug for dagens politik, men der må også investeres i forsk ning, der giver større forståelse for un dervisnings-arbejdsmarkeds-problemerne. Andre forskere mente, at en sådan forsk
One is that an international cooperative body should be set up to undertake comparative studies of specific aspects of educa tion, training and the labour market.
Undervisningen er en central faktor i morgendagens højteknologiske samfund.
Various experienced researchers warned of the dangers of establishing an organization of this kind on a large scale from the outset.
Internationale organisationer (som EF) må muliggøre en større og friere udveksling af tekniske uddannelser og teknikere, da der ellers vil opstå en stærk international konkurrence.
J. P. Jallade, for example, advocated that it start with small-scale research that could produce practical results within a few years.
Myndighederne må også overbevise virksomhederne om nødvendigheden af at investere i undervisning og uddannelse.
Studies should not be confined to current policy: the emphasis should be on research that made for a better understanding of the problems connected with the transition from education and training to the labour market.
Dernæst må myndigheder og virksomheder i højere grad gøre sig overvejelser om, hvilke kvalifikationer der bør udvikles.
This approach, other researchers agreed, might prove particularly successful if the comparison was limited to a small number of countries: 'Otherwise, the analysis will be too shallow.'
Udover nødvendigheden af videre forsk ning'om (langtids)ledigheden må der udarbejdes konkrete uddannelsesprogrammer for disse persongrupper.
Besides further research into (long-term) unemployment, training programmes specifically designed for the categories of people affected will be needed.
Det mest hensigtsmæssige forekommer at være en gradvis indføring: i begyndelsen bør der lægges stor vægt på erhvervelse af erfaring på arbejdspladsen.
A policy of progressive introduction seems best here: in the initial stages considerable emphasis should be placed on on-the-job experience.
Det er med henblik herpå også nødvendigt at give de pågældende virksom heder støtte.
This will entail the payment of subsidies to the firms concerned.
Den europæiske Socialfond vil kunne yde et værdifuldt bidrag, også til ældre arbejdstagere.
The European Social Fund can make a major contribution in this respect, to the benefit of older workers as well as young people.
Symposiet har givet et godt bidrag til udveksling af information om forskning og projekter i de forskellige lande.
The symposium made a major contribution to the exchange of information on studies and projects in the Community countries.
Det kan således betragtes som en vellykket indledning til et videregående internationalt samarbejde vedrørende undervisnings- og arbejdsmarkedsproblemer. bejdsmarkedsproblemer.
It thus formed an excellent launching pad for more extensive international cooperation on education, training and labour market problems.
Informationskilder tions­ og informationsnet i de pågældende lande.
Information Sources information network in the countries concerned.
forbindelse med de enkelte litteraturhenvis­ninger, er taget fra CEDEFOP's flersproge­de thesaurus om erhvervsuddannelse.
The descriptors, given here in English with each of the bibliographical references, are taken from CEDEFOP's multi­lingual thesaurus of vocational train­ing.
Følgende informationsnotitser og udvalgte bibliografier har tilknytning til denne bulle­tins hovedtema. De er udfærdiget af med­lemmerne af CEDEFOP's dokumenta­
The following information notes and selec­ted bibliographies relate to the main theme of this bulletin, and have been prepared by the members of CEDEFOP's documentary
Udfærdiget af:
Prepared by:
Labor shor­tage. Regional unemployment. Labour statistics. Employment services. Em­ployment programme. Unemployed workers. Job seekers. Unemployment insurance. Continuing vocational trai­ning. Polyvalent training. Accelerated courses. Training statistics. Training programmes. Cost of training. Training courses. Training personnel. Training of trainers. Belgium.
Labour shortage. Regional unemployment. La­bour statistics.
Udfærdiget af:
Prepared by: SEL
Udfærdiget af: h bb
Prepared by:
Forbindelsen mellem vedvarende uddannelse og arbejdsmarkedet politik findes i afsnit b).
The relationship between continuing training and the labour market brief outline of present policy is outlined in section (b).
Regeringen udsen­der i september 1986 en hvidbog om arbejds­markedspolitikken, der vil beskrive ænd­ringerne i og nye forslag til den nuværende arbejdsmarkedspolitik.
A Government White Paper on manpower policy was published in September 1986 which will make changes and new proposals on current manpower policy.
uddannelse og arbejdsmarkedet er meget vigtig, navnlig i forbindelse med arten af den uddannelse, som er nødvendig for erhvervsaktive personer, for at de kan søge arbejde, opnå nye kvalifikationer og klare ændrede arbejdsmetoder og ny praksis.
relationship with the labour market is an important one, particularly in regard to the nature and type of training required by members of the labour force in order to seek employment, learn new skills and to cope with changing work methods and practices. tices.
De vigtigste af de institutioner, der tager sig af vedvarende undervisning i Irland, er: AnCO (erhvervslivets uddannelsesmyndig­hed), ACOT (rådet for udvikling af land­bruget) og CERT (statens uddannelsesråd for hotel­ og restaurationsbranchen og turisme).
The major providers of continuing training in Ireland are AnCO - the Industrial Training Authority, ACOT - Council for Development in Agriculture and CERT -the State training agency for hotels, catering and tourism.
Disse organisationer står for en lang række uddannelsesprogrammer for ansatte og arbejdsløse, både i virksomheder og i uddannelsescentre.
These organizations provide a wide range of training programmes for employed and unemployed persons, both in industry and in training centres.
Universiteterne, teknologiske læreanstalter, regionale tek­niske skoler og sekundærskolerne har med undervisningsministeriet som koordinator ansvaret for voksenundervisningen og den vedvarende undervisning.
The Universities, the Colleges of Technology, Regional Technical Colleges, and second level schools coordinated by the Department of Education, are responsible for adult and continuing education courses.
Denne uddannelse har til formål at forbedre arbejdsudbyttet og at styrke enkeltindivi­ders udvikling gennem ændring af hold­
The relationship between the labour market and continuing training is constantly a focus of research and investigation.
Arbejdsmarkedspolitikken, som henhører under arbejdsministeriet, søger at fåarbejds­markedet til at fungere effektivt på en fra­dag­til­dag basis og foretager derfor de tilpasninger, der er nødvendige for at opnå overensstemmelse mellem arbejdsudbud og ­efterspørgsel.
Information is gathered on economic trends, labour and skill shortages, new technology, obsolescence of particular skills and new training methods from a wide range of sources.
Arbejdskraftpolitikken er således afgørende for uddannelse og priori­teringer i AnCO og CERT, der fungerer under arbejdsministeriets ledelse.
This research is undertaken by research departments within AnCO, CERT and ACOT as well as through other private and State-sponsored bodies.
På sam­me måde sker ACOTs aktiviteter i overens­stemmelse med landbrugsministeriets poli­
Findings from this research is used to influence overall government policy as well as the policies of the training agencies.
Forbindelserne mellem arbejdsmarkedet og den vedvarende uddannelse er til stadighed genstand for forskning og undersøgelser.
The role of this training is to improve performance in work and to enhance the development of the individual through changing attitudes and increasing skills and knowledge. Continuing training and its
Der indsamles oplysninger om økonomiske tendenser, mangel på arbejde og kvalifika­tioner, nye teknologier, forældede kvalifi­kationer og nye uddannelsesmetoder fra en lang række kilder.
Manpower policy which is the responsibility of the Department of Labour aims to promote the effective and efficient day to day operation of the labour market and to seek to ensure whatever adjustments are necessary to reconcile labour supply and demand.
Denne forskning udføres af forskningsafdelingerne i AnCO, CERT og ACOT eller af andre private og offentligt støttede organer.
Thus manpower policy determines the training role and priorities of AnCO and CERT which operate under the aegis of the Department of Labour.
Resultaterne af denne forskning anvendes ved udformningen af regeringens generelle politik og af den poli­tik, der føres af uddannelsesorgamsatio­ ninger og udvidelse af færdigheder og viden.
Similarly ACOT undertakes its activities according to the policy of the Department of Agriculture.
Hvidbogen om industripolitik har til formål at sætte nyt skub i den industriel­le udvikling. Regeringens industripolitik
The White Paper on Industrial Policy is designed to give a new impetus to industrial development.