natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Strukturen for uddannelsesniveauerne (jf. bilag 4) er i henhold til art. 2(2) ikke en del af Rådets beslutning, men kun et dokument vedlagt som bilag til denne beslutning.
Such an information sheet is seen as a first step towards the frequently demanded European vocational training pass. The EC Commission can give the necessary support and advice on improving their information services to the Member States if they request it.
Det blev i sin tid udarbejdet og vedtaget af det tresidede "Rådgivende Udvalg for Erhvervsuddannelse" og kan anvendes som reference af EF og medlemsstaterne.
In 1990 such assistance was provided for the first time in particular in the form of a financial contribution, e.g. for publishing brochures and information pamphlets, and preparing conferences and information campaigns.
Ser man på definitionen af niveau 2, som i beslutningen også betegnes som niveauet for faglærte
Such efforts aimed at improving information services are currently being initiated in all Member States.
arbejdstagere i henhold til art. 2 (3) og (4), viser det sig tydeligt, at den - tillader et stort fortolkningsspillerum, - befinder sig omkring skæringspunktet mellem almen uddannelse og erhvervsuddannelse på den ene side og arbejdstilrettelæggelse på den anden side, og - hverken tydeliggør uddannelsens art eller varighed og form.
Against this background the question arises in general of course as to how vocational guidance and information services work in the respective Member States and how appropriate information is disseminated from the national level to the regional and local levels.
I løbet af programmets gennemførelse og allerede i forbindelse med de første erhvervsområder kom eksperterne frem til den opfattelse, at det var nødvendigt at fastlægge niveauet for faglært arbejdskraft tydeligere:
Ill. Skilled blue- and white-collar worker level and establishing the practical occupational requirements by mutual agreement among all the EC Member States
Dette sker i forbindelse med udarbejdelsen af fagbeskrivelserne, d.v.s. beskrivelserne af kravene til praktisk faglig kunnen for hvert enkelt erhvervsområde, som er inddelt i fire afsnit (jf. bilag 5).
According to Article 2(2), the structure of training levels (see Annex 4) is not a constituent part but rather a document which is attached to the Council Decision and which was drawn up and passed by the three-party "Advisory Committee for Vocational Training" at the EC Commission.
Den formulering, som man her i reglen bliver enig om, lyder som følger:
It may be used for reference purposes by the EC and the Member States.
Det betyder, at der især lægges vægt på "selvstændigt og fagligt korrekt at udføre", og at den pågældende faglærte arbejdskraft ikke skal ledsages eller anvises hele tiden, men heller ikke er autonom hvad angår f.eks. planlægning og organisation.
In the course of the project and even at the start when dealing with the first occupational groups, the experts came to the conclusion that the skilled worker level had to be defined more clearly.
Man går ud fra, at forudsætningen herfor i reglen er en længere varende uddannelse (om muligt to eller flere års fuldtids- og/eller deltidsuddannelse efter endt skolepligt) (jf. også PETRA-programmet).
This occurs each time the occupational descriptions are drawn up, i.e. a description of the practical occupational requirements is formulated separately for each individual occupation and divided into four sections (see Annex 5).
I en præambel nævnes først rammebetingelserne:
The wording whicli is generally accepted is as follows:
De skal så entydigt som muligt afgrænse den faglærte arbejdskrafts fag fra andre fag og fra andre sektorers arbejdsområder.
Duties : The (title of occupation is a skilled worker capable of carrying out in an independent and responsible manner the (typical) duties which arise in that field of work."
Eksisterer der ikke nogen uddannelse i den ene eller anden medlemsstat, men forekommer profilen alligevel i praksis, undlader denne medlemsstat at anføre erhvervskvalifikationsbeviser i oversigterne og nævner eventuelt kun den nationale fagbetegnelse.
In some cases the term "general instructions" is used or mention is made of specific regulations which are important for that particular occupation. Sometimes references is only made to using technical documentation.
Eksisterer erhvervsprofilen ikke i et bestemt land, hvilket også kan forekomme af f.eks. geografiske årsager (eksempel: landet ligger ikke ved havet og uddanner derfor sandsynligvis heller ikke søfolk), fastholdes dette under anmærkningerne.
They should demarcate as clearly as possible the occupation of the skilled worker from related occupations and employment areas in related sectors.
Det forekommer dog også, at der ikke opnås nogen fælles overenskomst, og der således heller ikke kan fastlægges nogen sammenlignelighed af faget på EF-plan.
They should make the skilled worker level itself clear, i.e. they should demarcate the occupation form that of a semi-skilled worker or from those of first-line and middle management and executives (levels 1 and 3, 4, and 5).
Alligevel er det lykkedes at forbedre og fremskynde programmet og gennemførelsen heraf, dels gennem de nationale delegationers bedre forberedelse, gennem møderne på EF-plan, terminologisk støtte og udkast til fagprofilerne oversat til samtlige EF-sprog og endvidere gennem en effektiv programledsagelse fra EF-Kommissionens side, som med regelmæssige mellemrum indkalder de nationale koordinatorer til møder, hvor CEDEFOP får klaring på eventuelle vanskeligheder.
In the event that no training exists in one or another of the Member States although the profile exists in practice, nothing is entered in the tables setting out the vocational qualifications and diplomas, and the national occupational description alone is given, if necessary.
Programmet er nu konsolideret efter nogle begyndelsesvanskeligheder.
Should the occupational profile not exist at all, which may be the case for geographical reasons (for example: the country is not on the coast and probably does not provide training to become a sailor) this will be included in the Note.
En kritisk anmærkning skal lyde angående to ting, som er tæt knyttet til metoden:
Each sector or group of professions has its own peculiarities.
Niveauet for den fælles overenskomst er ganske vist hverken på laveste eller højeste trin, men er ret globalt og ikke detaljeret nok til bestemte formål.
In spite of this, through the delegations being better prepared and the Community meetings, in particular, the support given by terminologists and the fact that all proposals for occupational profiles appear in all Community languages, the programme has been improved and accelerated.
For det andet er erhvervsprofilen ikke egnet til at foregribe den konkrete arbejdsorganisation i virksomhed eller forvaltning.
Two things closely linked to the method remain to be commented on critically: The level of agreement is neither at the lowest nor the highest plane; it is, however, rather general and not detailed enough for certain purposes.
Hierarkiet i virksomheden, ansvarsområdets størrelse og graden af arbejdsdeling varierer afhængigt af virksomhedsstørrelse, branche, erhvervsgruppe osv. Man kan altså også her kun forberede et groft skema, som så kan videreudvikles ved hjælp af aftaler, bestemmelser og overenskomster.
The common denominator at an intermediate level leaves great scope for interpretations, especially for those who want to draw immediate conclusions for training regulations and profiles for the purpose of developing or harmonizing vocational training in their own countries.
Her ses det tydeligt, at dilemmaet består i, at hverken uddannelsens eller arbejdets verden kan tilfredsstilles fuldstændigt.
Secondly, these occupational profiles are not suitable for anticipating concrete work organization in enterprises or administration.
Sådan vil det også være fremover, så længe der ikke er nogen umiddelbar forbindelse mellem kvalifikationstilbud og -efterspørgsel; en sådan forbindelse kan ikke skabes i en fri markedsøkonomi og er - som vi har set det - heller ikke i længden holdbar i en planøkonomi.
The hierachy within companies, the scope of responsibility and the degree of division of labour vary depending on the company's size, the sector, the occupational group, etc.
Heri består altså problemet med skæringspunktet.
In other words, it is only possible to draw up a rough framework which may be made more concrete by agreements, regulations and collective contracts.
I forbindelse med denne metode findes der ikke nogen løsningsmuligheder for de to ovennævnte kritiske anmærkninger.
This is where the dilemma becomes obvious since one falls between two stolls with such definitions.
For tilnærmelsen af uddannelses- og beskæftigelsessystemerne er resultaterne således ganske vist anvendelige, men kun som et første skridt på denne møjsommelige vej.
Neither the world of education nor the working world can be totally satisfied with this.
Den giver ganske vist den yderst vigtige mulighed for et fælles (fag-)sprog og på dette grundlag for diskussioner om organisatoriske og indholdsmæssige konsekvenser, både i de enkelte medlemsstater, som ønsker at ændre på deres tilbuds- og efterspørgselsstruktur og også for de EF-ansvarlige selv, som kan udarbejde deres programmer mere målrettet og konkret for f.eks. grænseoverskridende at fremme partnerskaber og et effektivt samarbejde mellem uddannelsesinstitutioner.
This will continue to be the case so long as there is no direct link between the supply and demand for qualifications; this connection cannot be established in a market economy, nor -as we have seen - can it be maintained in the long run in a planned economy. This is, therefore, the interface problem we are confronted with.
Fælles bestræbelser inden for udviklingen af nye fagprofiler og uddannelsesformer bliver ofte først herigennem mulige.
No solution exists within the framework of this method for either of the above-mentioned critical remarks.
Resultaterne på terminologiområdet registreres for de enkelte sektorer og erhvervsgrupper og udarbejdes til glossarer til yderligere formål.
Common efforts in the field of developing new occupational profiles and forms of training will only be made possible in many instances as a result of this.
Dette vil dog først være realistisk, hvis resultaterne i virkeligheden viser sig at være bæredygtige, og medlemsstaterne konkret fremskynder anvendelsen heraf.
With regard to terminology, terms are collated for each sector/ professional group, prepared as glossaries and published by CEDEFOP.
Arbejdets bidrag til udvikling af erhvervsuddannelserne
They are at best another parameter for taking decisions.
Til trods for ovennævnte indskrænkninger og målet, som i alt væsentligt er begrænset til understøttelse eller sikring af arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed, havde og har det gennemførte arbejde og resultaterne heraf (jf. oversigt bilag 1) dog en række positive virkninger på udviklingen af erhvervsuddannelserne og uddannelseskvaliteten i en række medlemsstater.
In addition, if the responsible EC authorities and bodies such as the above-mentioned Advisory Committee, the parity AD-hoc Committee for education and training within the framework of the so-called "Social Dialogue" at EC level and/or the Economic and Social Committee so wish and if the EC Commission adopts the proposal provided the matter has not been taken up by the European Parliament and the Council, the occupational descriptions and comperative tables could be granted in the medium-term the role of EC-wide minimum standards. This will only be realistic, however, if the results
Det skal der ikke opnås enighed om; det er og bliver medlemsstatens opgave at sørge for det.
The contribution of the work to the development of vocational training and its quality
EF­Kommissionen eller CEDEFOP har ikke nogen ret til at kontrollere, om uddannelserne og beviserne dækker profilen i enkeltheder.
Despite the above-mentioned limitations and the goal which is essentially restricted to supporting and ensuring employee mobility, the work carried out and its results (see Table in Annex 1) have had and continue to have a positive impact on the development and quality of vocational training.
Naturligvis foretages der en plausibilitetskontrol og en kontrol af oplysningernes fuldstændighed.
Even if harmonization of the various training systems is not a condition or the direct intention of the work, the results are having a definite influence in quite a number of Member States.
Er den pågældende medlemsstat i færd med at reformere sin uddannelse eller først at opbygge den i en sektor, anvendes resultaterne ofte direkte, idet der foretages en koordinering med de andre lande og med EF­profilen.
If one or another certificate still does not completely cover the EC occupational profile, then a Member State may perhaps upgrade its training so as to be able to assign it without any reservations.
Denne omstændighed kommer i nogle medlemsstater ganske tæt på funktionen om minimumsstandarder.
However, no agreement needs to be reached on this. The responsibility for this remains with the Member State.
Endelig bliver niveauet for faglært arbejdskraft i nogle medlemsstater sammenlignet med tilsvarende nationale uddannelsestrin som f.eks. i Frankrig med niveau V af "éducation nationale" eller i Det Forenede Kongerige med niveau 2 for "National Council for Vocational Qualifications".
If a particular Member State is in the process of reforming its training system or is just starting to develop it in this sector, the results are often used directly as a means of comparing itself to the other countries and the EC profile. In some Member States the fact that this occurs comes very close to functioning as minimum standards.
Brancheorganisationerne og de kompetente organer i medlemsstaterne vil eventuelt kunne drage deres helt specielle konklusioner heraf.
Finally, the skilled worker level in certain Member States is harmonized with their corresponding national training levels, as e.g. in France with level V of the "éducation nationale" or in
Uafhængigt af en indgående vurdering af fremgangsmåden og de hermod forbundne resultater, som foretages af EF-institutionerne og medlemsstaterne, og uafhængigt af medlemsstaternes beretninger, som er planlagt til slutningen af 1991, fastholdes hermed en række punkter set ud fra CEDEFOP's synspunkt og på grundlag af Centerets egne erfaringer med gennemførelsen af Rådets beslutning af 1985:
The concrete information in the comparative tables on vocational qualifications and diplomas also illustrates globally how slight or great the differentiation is in the individual education systems in each sector and occupational group, at both national and EC level. The sectoral organizations and responsible bodies in the Member States should draw their own conclusions from this.
Blandt fagfolk, der som regel også selv kommer fra erhvervs- eller uddannelsespraksis eller fra herfor ansvarlige organer, er det forholdsvis nemt at opnå denne fælles overenskomst.
In the course of carrying out the work it also became apparent that it was easier to reach agreement in some occupational groups than in others.
Koncentrationen om et mål og fremgangsmåden skridt for skridt har vist sig at være velegnet og synes at være en vigtig forudsætning for et kompromis. En information, der i det mindste er "bindende" for et overskueligt tidsrum, fem år er adviseret, synes i denne forbindelse undertiden at være mere effektiv end "retligt bindende" ordninger.
This may have to do with several factors: the degree of "professionalization" of the sector; this is greater for example in the metalworking occupations than in office occupations where a large proportion of women are employed; the "age" of the sector; agricalture and the building industry are "old" sectors with firmly established institutional structures in the countries;
Den bindende karakter baserer på informationens pålidelighed og plausibilitet samt den omstændighed, at alle relevante og kompetente organer i medlemsstaterne har været involveret i udarbejdelsen heraf. En gradvis forbedring af denne information gennem feed-back fra de implicerede er således også mulig.
"division of labour" in the sector according to products or work contents and hierachy; in the textile industry there are for example major differentiations according to the individual production phases and/or products, though here the training level tends more towards the semi-skilled level; the level of "technological development"; in sectors which are in a state of upheaval it is naturally more difficult than in those which have already undergone change: examples here are the textile-clothing and electrotechnological/electronics industries.
Vanskeligt bliver det "at opnå enighed ved fælles overenskomst", som i henhold til beslutningen af 1985 kræves fra alle sider, hvis - den ene eller anden medlemsstat bagefter ad formel vej som led i den skriftlige verifikation gennem EF-Kommissionen igen stiller spørgsmålstegn ved de opnåede kompromiser, - definitionen af fagene og fagbeskrivelserne ikke er nøjagtig nok, hvis de overlapper hinanden for meget, og niveauet for faglært arbejdskraft inden for den tilsvarende erhvervsgruppe (endnu) ikke var fastlagt nøjagtigt nok, hvilket f.eks. hyppigt er tilfældet for servicefagene ; - der kun sjældent eksisterer en systematisk erhvervsfaglig grunduddannelse, men at dette fag snarere kan betegnes som specialarbejder- eller efteruddannelsesfag.
The closer one gets to the level of the corresponding occupation or occupational group, the easier it is for experts to reach agreement. By reason of the factors mentioned above, important criteria are whether the occupational group is highly professionalized still relatively "young" not too strongly characterized by division of labour in a more or less completed phase of technological development
I grænsetilfælde bør der imidlertid foretages afstemning med kvalificeret flertal for ikke at lade et fremskridt fuldstændigt blokere ved den ene eller anden medlemsstat.
In spite of this, we have succeeded in improving and speeding up the programme and its implementation through the national delegations being better prepared, EC-wide meetings, in particular through the terminological support and drafts of the occupational profiles translated into all languages as well as through the effective support of the programme on the part of the EC-Commission, which has convened meetings of the national coordinators at regular intervals, enabling CEDEFOP to clarify any difficulties that may arise. The programme has now been consolidated after some initial teething problems.
Dette gælder naturligvis som hidtil kun med hensyn til fagbeskrivelserne og ikke til uddannelsen eller oplysningerne herom.
These were mainly due to the necessary coordination and inclusion of all the responsible bodies and organization as well as to terminological and translating problems.
De på ekspertniveau opnåede resultater skal medlemsstaterne dog ikke af overvejende formelle eller positiske årsager kunne stille spørgsmålstegn ved, da det jo her drejer sig om en retligt ikke bindende information.
The fact that the new Member States which joined in 1985 (ES, GR and Ρ) had to be taken into consideration and the material that had already been compiled could not be used immediately were further obstacles which had to be overcome.
Også i fremtiden skal det udelukkende være medlemsstaterne, der er ansvarlige for oplysningerne om uddannelse og erhvervsuddannelsesbeviserne.
For the first time since the creation of the Community a detailed source of information pertaining to occupations and sectors has been compiled which both clarifies differences in the training systems in the various sectors and in the 12 Member States and provides a common Community framework, namely, a description of the basic occupational requirements which has been derived from the real-life situation for skilled workers and staff.
Af teksten bør det tydeligere end på nuværende tidspunkt fremgå, at erhvervskvalifikationsbeviserne mindst dækker de ved fælles overenskomst fastlagte krav til praktisk faglig kunnen.
At the level of experts who, as a rule, were involved in occupational and training matters, it was relatively easy to reach agreement. Concentrating on the goals and a step by step approach towards these ends has proved to be a good policy and a good basis for reaching compromise.
Begrebet "krav til praktisk faglig kunnen" bør dog ændres :
Information which is "binding" for a defined period of time, in this case 5 years, seems to be more expedient than "legally binding" regulations.
Det foreslås, at der i fremtiden tales om "ved fælles overenskomst fastlagte erhvervsfaglige grundlæggende krav", hvilket kommer virkeligheden nærmere, da det ikke er muligt­ navnlig på de højere niveauer ­ at beskrænke sig til "kravene om praktisk faglig kunnen".
It is difficult to reach "agreement" which is stipulated in the 1985 decision if: - the compromise reached is questioned subsequently in a formal manner within the verification process which is carried on' by the EC Commission,
Allerede i løbet af proceduren defineredes begrebet "krav om praktisk faglig kunnen" således, at det kunne omfatte de erhvervsfaglige krav "fra det praktiske arbejdsliv"!
- the definLtion of occupations and occupational descriptions are not precise enough, if they show too great an overlap or if the level of skills of the workers in the relevant occupational group is not (yet) defined closely enough, as is more frequently the case in the service sector;
Oplysningerne om uddannelserne bør blive, som de er ­tilstrækkeligt detaljerede til EF­plan.
- initial vocational training exists only in few cases or if the occupation can be said to be one which
Det er medlemsstaternes kompetente tjenester selv de bedst egnede til.
This can only apply to occupational descriptions and not to training.
De kunne f.eks. knyttes sammen i et netværk med moderne teknikker, udveksle informationer samt eventuelt stille dem til disposition på flere sprog.
The results reached at expert level should not, however, be put in question for formal or political reasons by the Member States as the information compiled is not of a legally binding nature.
Et spørgsmål der skal afklares er, med hvilket mellemrum og ved hjælp af hvilken metode aktualiseringen og revisionen af oplysningerne skal foretages, og hvem der på grundlag af hvilke omstændigheder skal træffe beslutning om tidspunktet for revision af erhvervsprofilerne, samt i hvilken form dette skal ske.
Details of training and certification should remain the sole responsibility of the Member States who should continue to compile and present the data. The texts should in future be more clear in demonstrating that skills certification covers at least the requirements commonly agreed upon.
EF­Kommissionen har i samarbejde med CEDEFOP udarbejdet en brochure på samtlige officielle EF­sprog med oplysninger om projektet. Denne brochure skal stilles gratis til disposition for alle kompetente og interesserede organer, ikke kun for at informere, men også for at støtte dem i deres bestræbelser om udbredelse af informationer.
The data on training should remain in its present form as it is sufficiently detailed for work at Community level.
I denne brochure findes en liste over de nationale koordinationsorganer samt de organer, som står for udbredelse af informationer, og som enhver interesseret borger kan henvende sig til.
This should include information on: the duration of training the curricula the numbers and types of training centres, the bodies by which they are run and their location the number and age of trainees at the beginning and end of training the numbers completing courses successfully and the paths they then pursue (e.g. employment or further training/study; entry requirements and information on career education at school opportunities afforded after training to continue studies or further training, etc.