natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
tigelsesskabelse erhvervelse af et solidere grundlag end tidligere, et utvivlsomt anderledes opbygget grundlag, fordi det skal muliggøre mange former for aktivitet, en bedre tilpasning af alle i de forskellige beskæftigelsessituationer. Dette udgangsgrundlag skal kunne suppleres med vide reuddannelsesmuligheder, tilegnelse af kunnen og viden under hensyntagen til de øjeblikkelige krav og til den nærmeste frem tids muligheder.
The changing shift of emphasis should be seen as the result of two separate elements: the changing pattern of work inherent in any agency of this type; and changes in line with priorities as they emerge in the socioeconomic landscape which, as everyone is aware, has altered a good deal over the space of a few years. These two forms of evolution are obviously
Til denne alvorlige situation, der er opstået af de økonomiske forhold i medlemsstater-
It used to be possible to define the aims of training solely in the light of indications given out by business and industry, mainly by employers saying what they would be requiring, but this system does not work
Det ene er voksenuddannelsen.
anyway.
Det er en opgave, der skal løses.
1't was a challenge and it had to be faced.
I tidens løb har man således ved sammen ligninger og på møder været i stand til at udlede forklaringer af opgaver, der er påbegyndt ud fra forskellige synspunkter. De bidrager gensidigt til belysning af situationen uden at tilsløre den komplicerede virke lighed.
that might bring about greater equality of opportunity, and in essence the themes were defined in the light of the needs of characteristic target groups such as young unskilled people, migrants and women.
Informatik og mikroelektronik i forening påvirker omgående og voldsomt en række aktivitetssektorer (f.eks. trykkerivirksomhed), men indebærer samtidig for andringer, der påvirker andre aktivitetssektorer, uanset om der er tale om nye produkter eller nye metoder eller en kombination af begge dele.
technology and microelectronics led to immediate, overwhelming changes in certain sectors (such as printing), and the effects gradually spread to almost every other sector, since those technologies led to innovation in products or processes, or both.
Således giver et konkret teknisk projekt i en virksomhed flere muligheder med hensyn til det arbejdsorganisatoriske valg.
When a practical technological scheme is to be introduced into a company, there are various options as to the way in which work can be organized.
Afkvalificering eller omkvalificering er i høj grad knyttet til det erhvervsfaglige kvalifikationspotentiel hos dem, der er beskæftiget i de pågældende stillinger.
To a great extent the issue of dequalification or retraining is linked with the job skill potential of the working population who do the jobs in question.
Lidt efter lidt forstår landene og menneskene - i høj grad takket være Fællesskabets indsats - at det er chancerne for Europas industrielle omstillingsproces for ikke at sige selve Europas fremtid, der står på spil.
By dint of Community action, countries and social forces gradually came to realize that Europe's hopes of industrial redeployment and its very future depended on how we coped with those changes.
Som tydeligt udtryk for denne modningsproces udarbejdedes og vedtoges i 1982 nogle retningslinjer for CEDEFOPs arbej de i de tre år fra 1983 til 1985.
In the rising tide of unemployment that was soon to engulf the young, it was naturally the unskilled youngsters who were the first to suffer, and top priority was then given to young schoolleavers in difficulties.
Retningslinjerne skulle tjene som grundlag for udarbejdelsen af de enkelte års arbejdsprogrammer under skyldig hensyntagen til helheden. Tilsvarende retningslinjer skal i indeværende år udarbejdes for perioden fra 1986 til 1988.
Over the years, the Commission took steps to deal with the problems (the references will be found in the various articles on individual subjects in this special issue).
Det var derfor af vigtighed, at CEDEFOP tog sagen op og ydede sit bidrag til Fællesskabets indsats.
It was essential, then, that Cedefop should open up this new dossier and make its own contribution to Community thinking.
De af Rådet i 1983 vedtagne resolutioner for den mellemfristede fælles politik på erhvervsuddannelsesområdet skaber i øvrigt i højere grad end tidligere sammenhæng mellem den fortrinsberettigelse, der indrømmes de unges erhvervsuddannelse, og nødvendigheden af at udvikle foranstaltninger for voksne.
The resolutions passed by the Council in 1983 defining EC medium-term policy on vocational training also recognized more clearly than in the past that priority should be given to the training of young people and that more measures should be introduced to help adult workers.
Følgelig udvikler CEDEFOPs arbejdsprogram sig lidt efter lidt i retning af en linje, der forbinder tekniske metoder, arbejde, beskæftigelse og kvalifikation, for at finde ud af, hvordan man kan fremskynde den nødvendige udvikling af erhvervsuddannelsessystemerne.
It was becoming increasingly obvious to those directly concerned that the difficulties were not just due to the current economic situation but were far more deep-seated: the short-term emergency measures being adopted in most Member States were no longer enough.
Det andet spørgsmål vedrører skabelsen af nye arbejdspladser på et tidspunkt, hvor vækstraten i Europa nærmest er lig nul, samtidig med at investering i nye tekniske metoder kan give store produktivitetsfor-
Attention was at the same time directed towards two issues which, although not new, had been made all the more relevant by the situation.
Samtidig rettes opmærksomheden mod to spørgsmål, der ikke er nye, men hvis betydning understreges af situationens udvikling. ling.
In this grave situation - the origins of which lay in a combination of national socioeconomic imbalances, the balance of economic power on the international scene and the extreme interdependence of nation al economies - came an additional shock: the challenge of new technology.
Begrebet samordnet indsats er gået igen lige fra forordningen om CEDEFOPs oprettelse.
The other issue related to the dynamics of job creation.
Det er udtryk for bevidst valg af en pragmatisk, tålmodig metode, der bygger på udbygning af mulighederne for dialog og samarbejde med henblik på tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes nationale politik.
In the European context of virtually zero growth, productivity was being stepped up substantially by invest ment in technology, whereas it was expected that new jobs would be created by the momentum imparted by a multitude of small firms, not the large concerns.
Der er da også gjort væsentlige fremskridt.
One issue was adult training.
En fælles fond af referencer er under gradvis opbygning.
Technological innovation affected many trades and very many jobs and was to do so to a growing extent.
Der skabes forbindelse mellem medlemsstaternes specialister på alle områder, og samarbejdet følger efter.
Helping workers to cope with those difficult changes through the acquisition of the skills they needed was a fundamental objective.
Gradvis opbygning af en fælles fond af referencer
They were to help us find our bearings without becoming bogged down by the complexity of realities.
Det gælder for tanken om en fælles politik. »CEDEFOP skal bidrage til gennemførelse af en fælles erhvervsuddannelsespolitik ... «, kan man læse i 1975-forordningen om CEDEFOPs oprettelse.
At the end of this maturation process, it was possible in 1982 to draft and finalize a three-year working structure, the 'guidelines for the activities of Cedefop, 1983-85' which were to guide and direct the annual work programmes for the next three years on the basis of an overall diagnosis.
retning af en linje, der forbinder tekniske metoder, arbejde,
A concerted approach: observable progress
... udvikler sig lidt efter lidt beskæftigelse og kvalifikation..
. . . gradually extended along horizontal lines to 'technology, work, employment, qualifications' . . .
En metodisk gennemgang af de nationale erhvervsuddannelsessystemers opbygning og funktion afslører disses rod i hver enkelt medlemsstats historiske og kulturelle udvikling. ling.
It marks the deliberate choice of adopting a pragmatic, patient course of action, making use of all the many opportunities for dialogue and cooperation to work for the approximation of national policies.
Kontakt mellem forskningen og arbejdsmarkedsparterne
immediate viable use on the labour market and training, with longer-term prospects in view.
Hverken CEDEFOPs størrelse, opbygning eller budget tillader gennemførelse af nogen større forskningsaktivitet.
Significant and observable progress has in fact been made.
Man har derfor valgt at slå ind på en helt anden vej.
A shared capital of references is gradually being achieved.
følge af den tekniske udvikling.
Communications are being established between research groups and those active in the field.
Den opnåede fælles holdning skal gøre det muligt at komme videre under disse nye omstændigheder.
The idea was debated of how to promote a 'technological culture', a sort of backbone for vocational training as a whole.
Følgelig drejer det sig ikke mere så meget om bevidst tilnærmelse af de nationale ordninger som om i fællesskab at spekulere over de fælles mål, man skal tilnærme sig.
This idea calls into question the over-simplistic concept that one first acquires a general education in the course of compulsory schooling and then goes on to obtain a vocational qualification.
I stedet for at rivalisere med de mange nationale institutter og organer har man valgt at gøre en virkelig indsats på samarbejdsområdet.
Cedefop's investment in this field has been substantial, and it has helped to bring about widespread agreement as to a new approach.
Med stor tålmodighed er der optaget kontakter med mange organer, der hovedsagelig arbejder på nationalt plan.
Given the diversity of national practices, it would have been an im practical course of action to compare and contrast the educational and training itineraries of 6 (later 9 and then 10) countries, and it was decided to analyse what a worker in each group of trades has to know and be able to do, and then describe this in terms of practical action.
Efter at bekendtskaberne var gjort, gjaldt det så om at sætte parterne i indbyrdes forbindelse alt efter slægtskabet mellem deres arbejdsopgaver og at give dem mulig hed for at sammenholde indstilling og resultater mod til gengæld at få direkte adgang til den lære, der kunne udledes af indsatsen.
An itemized list was then made of the diplomas in each country certifying what the worker 'knows' and what he can 'do'.
Uddannelserne kan umuligt forudse hele den tekniske innovation, men alligevel skal de bidrage til den.
'The Centre will contribute ... to the implementation of a common vocational training policy', explicitly stated in the 1975 regulations setting up Cedefop.
Der er i vidt omfang opnået enighed om nødvendigheden af på en anden måde end hidtil at skabe forbindelse mellem forberedelse til et fag i en form, der umiddelbart kan bruges på arbejdsmarkedet, og hensyntagen til mere fremtidsrettede uddannelsesbehov.
'Think globally; act locally': there is consensus as to the need to take the challenges of the future into account as well as the interactions between technology, work, employment and qualifications if we are to arrive at the proper solution for the problems of today.
CEDEFOP skulle altså kun stå for det arbejde, der ikke udførtes af andre, og det viste sig at være en god løsning.
A systematic study of how national vocational training systems are organized and run has shown how deeply-rooted they are in the history and culture of each of nations that make up the Community.
Forskellene i struktur og organisationsform opfattes ikke længere som forhindringer, men som en rigdom.
The set of skills that must be acquired in order to take up many trades is changing and expanding to include new skills made necessary by technological advances.
Medlemsstaternes forskellige reaktion i arbejdet på at nå de fælles mål kan kun beriges af sammenligningen med andres erfaringer og er i øvrigt en naturlig følge af forskelligartetheden af de faktiske forhold i de forskellige med lemsstater, som alle mere eller mindre står over for de samme problemer.
Furthermore, with the prospects of a 'European industry' there are more likely to be exchanges of skilled workers, technicians and engineers under intercompany cooperation agreements - the kind of exchanges that up to now have been the exception rather than the rule.
Rådets resolution af 11. juli 1983 antyder allerede i sin overskrift denne strategi, idet der tales om erhvervsuddannelsespolitikken i Fællesskabet i firserne.
The common approach which has been forged should make it easier to make progress in this new context.
Følgelig melder spørgsmålet sig også om at fremme tilegnelsen af et teknisk grundlag, der skal udgøre en slags grundstamme for enhver erhvervsuddannelse.
Training cannot anticipate the demands of technological innovation, but it must contribute to the development of technology.
Dette spørgsmål drager det alt for letkøbte princip i tvivl, at man først skal tilegne sig almen viden under skoleuddannelsen og derefter have en erhvervsuddannelse.
There has been brbad agreement as to the desirability of arriving at an articulated structure of job training that can be put to
Det vigtigste var at få gang i dialogen mellem forskerne og arbejdsmarkedsparterne på grundlag af de for opgavernes løsning valgte retningslinjer.
Cedefop has neither the structure nor the dimensions nor the budget to taKe the lead in research work.
Konferencer og arbejdsmøder bidrog til skabelse af yderst nyttig kommunikation, som end ikke på nationalt plan var udviklet i tilstrækkelig grad.
It has opted for a different course: rather than coming hesitantly into the field and emulating the many institutions and national teams that already exist, it has firmly embarked on the path of cooperation.
Denne formidlingsrolle har mere systematisk end nogen sinde før givet sig udtryk i korte og letlæselige dokumenter, og det er en af de tjenester, som CEDEFOP bør fortsætte med at yde.
It has, for example, patiently made contact with many teams that essentially work within their own national borders. Then, having come to know them, it has
Personers frie bevægelighed opfattet som frit valg af stedet for udøvelse af erhvervsaktivitet er på samme måde som fri bevægelighed for varer en af hjørnestenene i Fællesskabet. Det er derfor, at tilnærmelse af uddannelsesniveauerne er medtaget blandt CEDEFOPs opgaver, så der kan opnås et mindstemål af sammenlignelighed mellem de forskellige landes kvalifikationsbeviser.
The abolition of guilds in France at the time of the French Revolution, for example, Bismarck's decrees in Germany and the persistence of Great Britain's social stratification linked with the vitality and independence of its local bodies all go to explain the diversity that is evident to all in the architecture of vocational training systems.
Det er faktisk en nødvendig station på vejen henimod gensidig anerkendelse af certifikater og andre beviser for gennemgå et erhvervsuddannelse.
Today it is not so much a question of persuading countries voluntarily to bring their facilities more closely in line with those of other nations as of coming together and finding out what our common goals should be.
De store forskelle fra land til land umuliggør en egentlig sammen ligning (først mellem seks, så mellem ni og ti og nu snart tolv lande) af de forskellige programmer for undervisning og lærlingeuddannelser.
The ways in which each country moves towards the shared goals can only be enriched by comparisons with other people's experience; their diversity reflects the diversity of practical situations in each nation even though the problems they face are very much the same.
Derfor valgte man i stedet for hver faggruppe at foretage en opremsning af de arbejdsopgaver som en faglært skal kunne udføre.
The free movement of citizens, in the sense of the right to choose the place where one works, is a cornerstone of the Common Market, on a par with the free movement of goods, and the 'approximation of vocational training standards' - in other words, the comparability of diplomas awarded in individual countries as a basic minimum -was incorporated in the regulations setting out Cedefop's tasks.
I anden runde blev der så land for land lavet en liste over de beviser, der udstedes for beherskelse af teoretisk og praktisk kunnen.
This is a prerequisite in 'arriving at the mutual recognition of certificates and other diplomas attesting the completion of vocational training'.
Uddannelserne kan umuligt forudse hele den tekniske innovation, men alligevel skal de bidrage til den.
Training cannot anticipate the demands of technological innovation, but it must contribute to the development of technology.
vanskeliggøres af den omstændelige udar bejdelse af dokumenter på mange sprog, som er meget tidskrævende.
although by now relations may be seen to run quite smoothly.
Udvikling af samarbejdet mellem interesserede parter i medlemsstaterne erhvervsuddannelsesforskningsinstitutio- ner, efter at en konkret anmodning herom fremsattes på et møde i Paris mellem franske og tyske deltagere. Der foreligger flere eksempler af samme art.
brought together teams engaged on similar work and offered them oppportunities to compare their approaches and findings in return for direct access to any lessons they have learned from their work.
Der er dog overhovedet ingen tvivl om, at de mange forskellige sprog udgør en hæmsko for udviklingen af det praktiske samarbejde, som alle er klar over er vejen til frem skridtet i dagliglivets Europa.
Other measures have been adopted at the request of the parties concerned. For example, Cedefop has promoted a meeting be tween regional officials from Italy and the Federal Republic of Germany on joint schemes for the exchange of young trainees. nees.
CEDEFOP kan fremlægge et pænt regnskab efter ti års virke uden dog derfor at være blind for sine begrænsninger.
The vital links within Member States are not all equally efficient in their role of multiplying contacts and information.
For øvrigt er kvaliteten af nettet til spredning af lyninformationer og periodiske publikationer en vigtig bestanddel af det system, der danner den billigste form for kontakt med de interesserede, der er spredt over hele Fællesskabet og befinder sig i situationer, der kan foranledige dem til at rette forespørgsler til det center for fælles skabsressourcer, som CEDEFOP og dets forbindelser udgør.
Far more numerous and versatile are the forms of cooperation which are being brought into being with the recognition of shared concerns or the comparability of situations among those who have attended seminars.
Men på dette punkt har CEDEFOPs forbindelser ikke altid indtaget den aktive rolle, som vi havde håbet på.
We have been apprised of those repercussions in the course of our meetings in Community countries.
CEDEFOP har gjort en stor indsats for at skabe kontakt mellem praktiske folk, der er interesserede i at komme i forbindelse med andre.
In one case, Cedefop took the decision to arrange meetings of officials from bodies engaged on development research in the field of vocational training after considerring a specific request formulated at a meeting of German and French partners in Paris; and other instances of the same kind could be cited.
På grundlag af såkaldte »case studies« er der afholdt arbejdsmøder på stedet med deltagelse af alle interesserede parter.
In both cases, the important factor has been the setting up of a dialogue between the research world and people in the field, based on the chosen working guidelines.
Det var eksempelvis tilfældet i forbindelse med projekter som unges erhvervsforberedelse og regionaludvikling.
Colloquia and one-day seminars have help ed to establish good lines of communication, which had not been adequately developed even within individual nations.
Hvad sidst nævnte emne angår, er der netop kommet en ny anmodning om bistand til interregionalt samarbejde mellem seks regioner i fem lande.
This role of mediation, performed more systematically than had ever been the case be fore, with the production of short, readable papers, ist one of the services that Cedefop must continue to provide.
Værdien af en institution som denne måles efter nytten af de tjenester, den yder.
They bring current developments to their attention and may encourage feedback to the Community resources — in other words to Cedefop and its links.
Det kræver, at man hele tiden er opmærksom på de behov, de spørgsmål og de problemer, der melder sig for de interesserede parter.
In this respect, however, these have not always played as active a role as we had hoped.
Af en ganske anden art og en ganske andet omfang er de opgaver, der venter alle dem, der direkte eller indirekte er ansvarlige for udviklingen af og impulserne til en erhvervsuddannelsespolitik, der er i pagt med vor tid.
There is no doubt, however, that even today the language barrier is an obstacle to wider grassroots cooperation, despite the fact that progress in the collective awareness of Europeans in their everyday lives depends on such cooperation.
Også andre foranstaltninger har set dagens lys på foranledning af henvendelser fra interesserede.
The development of cooperation among field workers in individual countries
Således har CEDEFOP ydet sin bistand for at muliggøre et møde mellem ledere af ungdomsudvekslingsprogrammer fra Tyskland og Italien.
Cedefop can take pride in its record at the end of its first 10 years, but at the same time it is aware of its limitations.
Med hensyn til Kommissionen og de øvrige fællesskabsinstitutioner har man en ret godt indarbejdet samarbejdsform, som selvfølgelig altid kan forbedres.
The Centre has taken steps to bring together people in the field who are interested in communicating with others.
Europas industrielle omstillingsproces og fremtid er ikke sikret, så længe flertallet af medlemsstaterne den dag i dag sender mellem 30 og 50 °!a af de unge ud på arbejdsmarkedet uden en afsluttet grundlæggende erhvervsuddannelse og uden en solid skoleuddannelse. leuddannelse.
Can the challenge of industrial redeployment, the challenge of Europe's future, be said to have been met when even today, 30% to 50% of young people in each age group come onto the labour market in most Member States without completing their initial vocational training and without having acquired a sound general education? tion?
Der foregår også meget samarbejde på grundlag af erkendelsen af lighed mellem problemer eller situationer, som deltagerne i arbejdsgruppemøderne selv har opdaget.
The value of a body of this type is gauged by the services it renders, and it must be constantly alert to the needs, questions and concerns of its partners.
Stor ungdomsarbejdsløshed og alvorlige mangler med hensyn til erhvervelse af kvalifikationer, det er de to store udfordringer. ger.
In the latter field, a further request has been made for interregional cooperation, covering six regions in five countries.
CEDEFOP har besluttet at gennemføre ar bejdsgruppemøder for medarbejdere fra
There is always room for improvement in Cedefop's cooperation with the Commission and other Community institutions,
De helt nødvendige kontakter i landene varetager i vekslende grad deres opgaver som formidlere af informationer. Det er klart, at deres arbejde
Mass unemployment among young people, grave shortcomings in the acquisition of qualifications: these are the major challenges. lenges.
Uddannelse: Hjælp til at skabe en fremtid
Helping to create the future
Samtale med Arthur O'Reilly fælles erhvervsuddannelsespolitik er gen nemførlig?
Interview with Arthur O'Reilly
Faktisk er der folk, der har udtrykt tvivl med hensyn til det ønskværdige deri.
Dr O'Reilly, in the late 1960s there were achieved without a joint approach to hopes — or was it merely an illusion? — that vocational training.