natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
CEDEFOP givende udvalg, der under medvirkning af arbejdsmarkedets parter bl.a. arbejder med strukturfondene.
CEDEFOP here with with States in their reactions to the same problem), in particular they are reluctant to draw the organizational and material conclusions from their declara­tions on European policy reiterating the
konstateres fremskridt i arbejdsmarkedets parters europæiske holdninger, ikke mindst hos DEFS i forbindelse med beslutningerne fra kongressen i Luxembourg i maj 1991.
Social Committee and the Advisory Com­mittees of the EC Commission which work in conjunction with the structural funds and involve the social partners.
I denne sammenhæng hører endvidere DEFS' seneste initiativ over for EF-Rådets portugisiske formandskab om at invitere til "topmøde i den sociale dialog" endnu før sommerferien 1992.
Portugal's exciting example, the tripartisan Institute tenor of Jacques Delors' opinion as stated for Employment and Vocational Training, above.
kan kaldes den samfundspolitiske tripartisme på europæisk plan, der ikke må forveksles med den (parti)politiske tripartisme i nogle medlemsstater (f.eks. Belgien).
Admittedly, progress has been made shows how effective and beneficial for all the public sector, including public enter­prises, there is a tradition of bilateral or trilateral structures in virtually all Member States, even though the formats differ con­siderably from one country to another.
Men den europæiske tripartisme vil naturligvis kun være levende og effektiv, hvis den samtidig fungerer på alle fire politiske niveauer, dvs. på europæisk, nationalt, regionalt og lokalt plan, hvilket i socioøkonomisk sammenhæng vil sige virksomheder, forvaltninger m.m.
In the private sector, cooperation between the social partners differs in all countries in line with the following distinctions: involved cooperation between national ministries, employers' associations and trade unions can be, even if it cannot draw on a longstanding tradition of partnership.
Navnlig Portugal kan med et treparts "Institut for Beskæftigelse og Erhvervsuddannelse" anføres som et godt eksempel på, hvor effektivt og i alle impliceredes interesse et samarbejde mellem de nationale ministerier samt arbejdsgiver- og arbejdstagerorganisationerne kan opbygges, selv om der ikke findes nogen tradi
■ large enterprises, with sometimes com­plex systems for worker information, con­sultation and participation, usually at plant level; this as opposed to small and medium enterprises where such workers' rights are usually less clearly detectable; recently in the social partners' attitudes, in particular at ETUC with the decisions of its last congress held in Luxembourg in May 1991.
På nationalt plan findes der i dag i de fleste tion for et partnerskab.
Also to be seen within this context is the recent ETUC initiative put to the Portuguese Presidency in the EC Coun­cil to convene a "summit meeting of the social dialogue" before the summer 1992 recess.
Samfundspolitisk tripartisme på fire politiske niveauer i fremtidens Europæiske Union medlemsstater treparts og paritetiske in stitutioner inden for et bredt spektrum af økonomiske og socialpolitiske områder.
Social tripartisanism at the four policymaking levels of the future Euro­pean Union
Foren del EF-staters vedkommende (bl.a. Danmark og Benelux-landene) findes en lang tradition og en mangfoldighed af vel fungerende organismer af treparts eller
■ branches of the industrial sector, e.g. the metalworking and chemical industries, in which workers have fought for over 100 years to gradually obtain participation rights, as opposed to the service industries, e.g. banking and insurance, where such participation is (still) much less pro­nounced, mainly because of the lower level of unionization;
På tredje niveau findes i flere EF-stater (navnlig Belgien, Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland og Spanien) stærke regioner el ler delstater (f.eks.
■ certain individual industries with spe­cific regulations granting the workforce extensive rights in terms of information, consultation and participation, in particu­lar the legislation on parity­based co­de­termination in the coal, iron and steel in­dustry in the Federal Republic of Ger­many.
Flandern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bayern, Katalonien), der i kraft af deres historie, befolkningstal og økono paritetisk karakter, mens en anden gruppe miske styrke har enorme muligheder for at (bl.a.
One conclusion from the preceding sec­tion on social partnership at European level is the need ­ despite the already observed increase in its standing ­ for a third force to provide practical support, monitoring and ideas in a variety of ways via the institu­tions at EC level: the Commission, the Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee.
Irland, Grækenland og Portugal) først påvirke de to førnævnte politiske niveauer.
This can be re­ferred to as social tripartisanism at Euro­pean level, which should not be confused with the (party) political tripartisanism found in some Member States (e.g. Bel­gium).
I en anden gruppe af lande (især Storbritannien, Danmark og Grækenland) findes endnu kun svage forsøg på regionalpolitisk organisation. En tredje gruppe (navnlig Frankrig) har en centralistisk tradition.
In the States which in this respect have a diametrically opposed situation (United Kingdom, Denmark and Greece), there is today some slight evidence of efforts to establish regional policymaking structures.
Dette ved at være med i den europæiske samlingsproces er blevet animeret til at etablere tilsvarende institutioner, frem for alt med støtte af Det Økonomiske og So ciale Udvalg samt EF-Kommissionens råd
Within the socioeconomic context, the fourth, so­called local level refers to enter­prises in industry and agriculture and also administrations in the services sector. In
Ikke mindst i MNK med bevægelsen.
CEDEFOP fields (e.g. France).
Disse forhold er på et tidligt tidspunkt erkendt af EF og taget højde for i en hensigtserklæring fra 1963 om de "almindelige principper for gennemførelse af en fælles politik for faglig uddannelse".
This situation was recognized at an early stage by the European Community and was acknowledged, at least in the form of a declaration of intent, in the 1963 "General principles on vocational training".
katalysator bevirke en styrkelse af det re­gionale niveau, først og fremmest i de traditionelt centralistiske medlemsstater.
At the institutional level, the first step was to establish the Advisory Committee on Vocational Train ing, which brings together representatives of governments, employers' associations and trade unions.
Sidstnævnte udvikling ville øjeblikkeligt kunne støttes af komplementære foran­staltninger fra ØSU og RU, ved at der i så mange af EF's regioner som muligt etable­res eller ydes støtte til treparts udvalg eller institutioner.
This Committee still meets regularly twice a year to discuss proposals communicated to it by the Com mission and to hear reports on decisions of the EC institutions.
Men vedtagelsen af Kommissionens di­rektivforslag om det europæiske virksom­hedsnævn, der efter Maastricht forekom­mer mere sandsynligt, understreger på ny nødvendigheden af at styrke både det tre­sidede samarbejde på europæisk plan og et samvirke af de ansvarlige på de forskellige europæiske politiske niveauer.
The likely - and since Maastricht more probable - adoption of the draft directive of the Commission on the European work ers' council again highlights the need to strengthen both trilateral cooperation at European level and the cooperation of all those bearing decisionmaking responsibility at the various levels of policymaking in Europe.
Der findes et begrundet håb om, at der vil blive taget yderligere praktiske skridt i retning af det europæiske sociale område, og der er posi­tive erfaringer for, at navnlig erhvervsud­dannelserne er velegnede til fremskridt af denne art.
There are grounds for hoping that further practical steps towards implementing the European social area will follow, and there aie also positive experi ences which suggest that the field of vocational training is particularly amenable to such advances.
Praktiseret tripartisme inden for erhvervs­uddannelsen, med specielt sigte på CEDEFOP
Practical tripartisanism in the field of vocational training: at CEDEFOP of three permanent delegates on the Centre's Management Board (alongside one representative of each Member State's government, employers and employees), but it also has an outstanding role to play in the adoption of the Centre's work programme.
■ Industrisektorer, bl.a. metal og kemi, hvor arbejdstagerne i løbet af de sidste 100 år efterhånden har tilkæmpet sig retten til medvirkning, mens denne medvirkning i servicebrancherne (bl.a. banker og forsik­ringer) (endnu) er langt svagere, også fordi den faglige organisationsprocent er la­vere.
This trilateral structure with the additional support of the two apex organizations of the social part ners at European level is replicated only in one other case in the family of EC institutions: in the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Con ditions based in Dublin.
■ Forskellige brancher med specifikke ordninger vedrørende omfattende rettig­hedertil information, konsultation og med­
In most Member States it is probably no coincidence that together with employ ment, vocational training (rather than general education) is the field in which various forms of cooperation between state institutions, employers' associations and trade unions are to be found.
Det er nok ikke noget tilfælde, at erhvervs­uddannelserne (ikke så meget de almene uddannelser) i de fleste lande sammen med beskæftigelsespolitikken er det om­råde, hvor der findes mangfoldige former for samarbejde mellem de statslige instan­ser, arbejdsgiverorganisationerne og fag­
Such cooperation arrangements exist not only at national but also in some cases at regional level, even in countries which are largely centralistically organized for other policy
På Det Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalgs initiativ, med støtte fra Europa­Parlamen­tet og som en konkret konklusion af EF's Sociale Handlingsprogram fra 1974 be­sluttede Ministerrådet i 1975 at etablere Det Europæiske Center for Udvikling af Erhvervsuddannelse (CEDEFOP).
At the initiative of the Economic and So cial Committee, with the support of the European Parliament, and as a concrete result of the 1974 Community Social Ac tion Programme, in 1975 the Council of Ministers decided to establish the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP).
Ho­vedårsagen til oprettelsen af dette EF­cen­ter med fransk forkortelse på tyskjord var et stærkt ønske fra en stor del faglige organisationer og arbejdsgiverforeninger om at få en permanent institution med trepartsstruktur ud over de sporadiske ar­rangementer med EF­Kommissionen.
The main reason for establishing this EC Centre -bearing a French acronym and located on German soil - was the strong wish of the majority of trade unions and employers' associations for a permanent institution with a trilateral decisionmaking structure which would offer more than sporadic contacts with the EC Commission. The Commission indeed has a representation
Men det er selvfølgelig hele bestyrelsen, der træffer afgørelse om en kandidatliste, der fore­
Tripartisanism with the additional strong participation of the EC Commission is reflected in CEDEFOP not only in its
Perspektiver lægges for EF­Kommissionen, som fore­tager den formelle udnævnelse.
Prospects but also in practice in the form of the joint preparation, implementation and evalua­tion of such meetings.
Konklusionerne fra disse "joint seminars" omarbejdes for tiden til udkast til to yder­ligere "fællesudtalelser" og vil på bag­grund af de nye forhold efter Maastricht sandsynligvis få vidtrækkende betydning for alle politiske niveauer i Den Europæ­iske Union.
The conclusions of these "joint seminars" are currently being analysed to serve as the basis for two additional Joint Opinions, and they will probably, because of the new post­Maastricht situation, have far­reaching consequences for all levels of policymaking within the European Union.
Tripartismen med yderligere vægtig delta­gelse af EF­Kommissionen gør sig ikke alene gældende i CEDEFOP's institutio­nelle arkitektur, men også i en del af det løbende arbejde, der foregår i huset.
institutional architecture but also in its on­going activities, at least in the main ele­ments of its operations.
I arbejdsprogrammets budgetmæssigt stør­ste projekt siden 1986, nemlig arbejdet i forbindelse med "Kvalifikationernes eller erhvervsuddannelsesbevisemes sammen­lignelighed", deltager tre eksperter fra hvert medlemsland, der udpeges af rege­ringerne i overensstemmelse med arbejds­markedets parter.
For example, the project with the largest budget in the entire work programme ­ the "comparability of vocational training qualifications" project, which has been running since 1986 ­ in­volves three experts from each Member State who are appointed by the govern­ment with the agreement of the social partners of that Member State.
Samme praktiserede tripartisme genfindes på de teknisk­viden­skabelige møder inden for alle 19 sektorer, hvor ca. 200 fag defineres og sammenlig­nes i alle vigtige detaljer med hensyn til fagprofiler, uddannelsesbeviser og de der­til hørende uddannelsesforløb.
This de facto bipartisan format also applies to the technical/scientific meetings organized to discuss the 19 sectors covering 200 occu­pations, categorising and comparing the important features of the corresponding occupational profiles, certificates and train­ing tracks.
I disse 19 brancher fra automobilmekanik via turis­me til træindustrien kan følgende praktiske resultater nævnes:
In these 19 sectors ranging from motor vehicle mechanics and tourism to the timber/woodworking industry, the fol­lowing practical benefits have been achieved:
Med vedtagelsen af Socialprotokollen teg­ner der sig konkrete perspektiver for ind­gåelsen af aftaler på europæisk plan og disses anvendelse.
The adoption of the Social Protocol charts out concrete prospects for agreements at European level and theirpractical applica­tion.
I det omfang, som der inden for EF's social­ og arbejds­markedspolitik træffes afgørelser i hen­hold til flertals­ og ikke længere en­stemmighedsprincippet, forpligtes arbejds­markedets parter til at føre flere og flere forhandlinger på europæisk plan.
As EC social and labour market poli­cies move further away from the unanim­ity principle and closer to the majority principle, the social partners have a duty to conduct their negotiations more intensively at European level.
Det er åbenlyst, at de derved ønsker at varetage indflydelsen på den europæiske lov­givningsprocedure og ikke længere vil nøjes med en reagerende rolle.
Clearly they will want to see that their influence can be exerted on European legislative procedures and that they no longer have to make do with a reactive role vis­à­vis the legislators.
Udvik­lingen af den sociale dialog til et europæ­isk samfundspolitisk trepartssystem er kommet et skridt videre.
This will mark a step forward in developing the social dialogue into a European system of social tripartisanism.
Fra midten af 80'erne er der i EF truffet beslutning om et stigende antal støtte­programmer, der fortrinsvis omfatter den almene og de universitære uddannelser (først og fremmest ERASMUS og COMETT med de største budgetter,jf. mit indlæg "Die Förderprogramme der EG" i håndbogen "Weiterbildung 1992", Köln 1992).
Since the mid­1980s an increasing number of EC promotion programmes have tended to focus on general and higher education (ERASMUS and COMETT being the two with the largest budgets).
I den seneste tid er der kommet programmer til, der vedrører erhvervs­uddannelsen i snævrere forstand, dvs. omfatter flertallet af ikke­akademiske unge samt efter­ og videreuddannelse (især PETRA og FORCE).
Admittedly there have recently also been programmes which cater for vocational training in the narower sense of the term, i.e. for the majority of non­academic young people and for con­tinuing training (PETRA and FORCE).
Arbejdsmarkedets parters deltagelse i alle programmerne er endnu minimal og skal udvides efter ønske fra parternes europæiske paraplyorga­nisationer. Indtil nu har arbejdsgiverorga­nisationer og fagbevægelsen på EF­plan kun adgang til direkte deltagelse i et fåtal programmer, først og fremmest i FORCE­udvalget med seks delegerede hver over for 12 regeringsrepræsentanter.
The participation of the social partners in all these programmes has so far been slight and should be stronger, according to these partners' European apex organizations; to date, the possibility of direct involvement for employers' associations and trade un­ions at Community level is restricted to only a minority of the programmes: on the FORCE committee they are represented with six delegates each as opposed to 12 representatives of governments.
Så meget des vigtigere er det, at programmerne led­sages af alle tre parter på nationalt plan. For eksempel er der i Danmark oprettet en særlig trepartsinstitution, der koordinerer den danske deltagelse i alle relevante pro­grammer.
All the more important is the tripartite monitoring of the programmes at national level: in Denmark, for example, a special tripartite institution has been established to coordi­nate the Danish participation in all rel­evant programmes.
■ De sagkyndige fra de forskellige sek­torer eller faggrupper kan gøre sig forstå­elige på deres respektive modersmål.Det nisprogede tilbud på ekspertmøderne har i CEDEFOP krævet en omfattende mobili­sering af ressourcer både med hensyn til oversættelse afdokumenterne og til tolkene samt den terminologiske assistance på alle møderne.
■ the experts representing the sectors/ occupational groups are able to communi­cate in their native languages: for CEDEFOP this nine­into­nine languages format for meetings of experts has meant a major mobilization of resources in terms of both translation of the preparatory docu­mentation and simultaneous interpretation and terminology services during the meet­ings;
■ De tre sagkyndige fra de respektive landes tre parter mødes ind imellem for første gang i en konstruktiv arbejds­sammenhæng og bidrager derved også til den sociale dialog på nationalt plan.
It is not yet possible to predict all the practical implications of the Maastricht agreements, particularly the amendment of former article 128 and its incorporation into a proposed amended article 127 pro­viding a new legal basis for vocational
Fra udgangen af 80'erne har den sociale dialog mellem UNICE's, CEEP's og DEFS's medlemsorganisationer udfoldet sig langsomt, men sikkert.
­ slowly but surely ­ a genuine vitality of its training at European level. Nonetheless it own.
Navnlig inden for erhvervsuddannelsen foreligger der konkrete arbejdsresultater i form af tre ret lange "fællesudtalelser".
■ in many cases the three experts ap­pointed by each of the three groups in each Member State are meeting for the first time in a constructive working environ­ment and are thereby also contributing to the social dialogue at national level; carried out have been submitted in the form of three lengthy Joint Opinions.
Forarbejdet er udført af arbejdsgruppen "Undervisning og uddannelse" på jævnlige møder, og de delvis vanskelige beslutninger, f.eks. ved­rørende arbejdstagernes adgang til efter­og videreuddannelsesforanstaltninger i virksomhederne, er truffet på højeste plan i den såkaldte ad­hoc­gruppe.
The preparatory work was conducted by the standing working group on education and training and the sometimes difficult deci­sions, e.g. on the question of worker access to corporate continuing training measures, were adopted at the highest level by the so­called Ad­hoc group.
(Nærmere informationer kan indhentes hos "Task Force Menneskelige Ressourcer" i EF­Kommissionen).
(Detailed informa­tion is obtainable from the TFHR of the EC Commission.)
Alle praktiske følger, som beslutningerne fra Maastricht vil få, frem for alt på basis af nyformuleringen af artikel 128 i den foreslåede artikel 127 som et nyt rets­grundlag for erhvervsuddannelsen på eu­ropæisk plan, kan endnu ikke overses. Men det står klart, at det ikke så meget er formuleringerne af målsætninger og aktivitetsområder, men gennembruddet til flertalsafgørelser i Ministerrådet, der vil få betydning.
■ the involvement of experts from trade unions and employers' associations/com­panies has created a concrete platform for interpersonal contacts and interpersonal respect which is already reinforcing ear­lier transnational activities of the social partners, e.g. the establishment and reacti­vation of vocational training commissions within trade union federations at European level; breakthrough to the principle of majority decision­making within the Council of Ministers which will be important.
Med denne fornyelse og på baggrund afEF­Domstolens europavenlige retspraksis vil Kommissionen i sin fremti­dige EF­politik få store muligheder for at forme erhvervsuddannelsen i EF, ikke mindst, hvis den benytter sig af den politi­ske støtte fra Europa­Parlamentet og eks­pertisen i de konsultative fora, især ØSU, samt deaidover forstår at mobilisere de politiske påvirkningsmuligheder, som den sprællevende tripartisme på fælles­skabsplan kan tilbyde.
With this innovation and the Europe­friendly rulings of the European Court of Justice, greater scope will be available to the Com­mission for shaping the Community's fu­ture policy in the field of vocational train­ing, especially if it makes full use of the political support of the European Parlia­ment and of the expertise available within the advisory bodies of the Economic and Social Committee and if it can also suc­ceed in skilfully mobilizing the additional potentials for exerting political influence inherent in the living manifestations of tripartisanism at Community level.
■ Ved at inddrage eksperter fra de fag­lige organisationer og fra arbejds­giverforeninger eller virksomheder er der skabt konkrete muligheder for at lære hin­anden at kende og sætte pris på hinanden, hvilket allerede har vist sig at være en støtte for parternes transnationale samar­bejde bl.a. ved, at der inden for de euro­pæiske faglige komiteer er etableret eller genetableret erhvervsuddannelsesudvalg.
In the field of vocational training, since 1991 the three apex organizations have been convening at joint seminars with tech­nical support from the Commission and from CEDEFOP: in Berlin in May 1991 for a seminar on "Qualifications and cer­tification" and in Madrid in February 1992 for a seminar on "Equal opportunities".
Den er tilegnet en nylig afdød kollega, François Staedelin, formand for EF's Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg.
Cooperation between the social partners is thus being documented not only on paper
Inden for erhvervsuddannelsen har tre paraplyorganisationer siden 1991 gennem­ført fælles kurser, der med teknisk støtte fra Kommissionen og CEDEFOP har fun­det sted i Berlin i maj 1991 med emnet "Kvalifikationer og certificering" og i Madrid i februar 1992 vedrørende "Køn­nenes lige muligheder". Samarbejdet mel­
■ these networks for communication among experts also make a very practical contribution towards the social dialogue on education and training at industry level, a dialogue to which, according to Jacques Delors, particular importance will be at­tached in the 1990s.
■ Netværk af denne art mellem sagkyn­dige bidrager til den sociale dialog inden for uddannelse og erhvervsuddannelse på brancheniveau, der i henhold til EF­Kom­missionens formand Jacques Delors vil få særlig betydning i 90'erne.
* This article reflects the personal opinions of the author. It is dedicated to the late Francois Staedelin. former President of the Economic and Social Committee of the EC.
Efter- og videreuddannelse er dagens løsen for at klare strukturændringerne.
Continuing training for the employed: a Europe of diversity(1) structural change is to be survived.