natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der er sprogkurser der forbereder til Folkeuniversitetets dansk prøve 2, som kræves ved påbegyndelse af en videregående uddannelse i Danmark.
Language courses exist which prepare the student for Danish examination 2 of the University-extension organization, which is required for admission to a further training course in Denmark.
Endvidere er der sprogkurser som behandler fagområder fra folkeskolens afgangsklasse, således at eleverne herefter kan indstille sig til folkeskolens afgangsprøve i dansk.
In addition, there are language courses which deal with subject areas from the primary school-leaving class, enabling the students then to prepare for the primary school-leaving examination in Danish.
Der er ligeledes kurser i teknisk dansk. Her gives en ind føring i det sprog eleverne senere kommer ud for i erhvervsuddannelsen eller på arbejdsmarkedet.
Courses exist also in technical Danish, in which an introduction is given to the language which the students will encounter later in their vocational training or on the labour market.
Hen gennem kurset arbejdes med helt konkrete tekniske sprogemner, og ved over gangen til et nyt sprogemne tager man ud og studerer det i praksis ved besøg på en teknisk skole.
Quite practical technical-language topics are studied throughout the course,and when the student changes over to a new topic, he or she will go off and study it in practice, attending a technical school.
Et sådant emne kan f.ex. være drejebænken.
A topic of this kind might be the lathe, for example.
Der arbejdes ud fra en lyd-diasserie, hvor en teknisk lærer giver en instruktion i drejebænkens indretning og funktion.
The basis used is a sound film strip in which the technical teacher gives instruction in the equipment and operation of the lathe.
I en sådan instruktion benyttes cirka 500 ord, halvdelen substantiver, mange verber og andre ord der angiver orientering (retning) .
About 500 terms are used in such instruction, one half of them nouns, many verbs and others words which give guidance.
I undervisningen gøres der meget ud af at bryde de sammen satte ord op og se på bestanddelene, som eleverne ofte kan genkende fra andre kombinationer.
Great advantage is derived in the instruction from breaking up compound words and examining the components, which the students can often recognize from other compounds.
Man opbvgger antonymer og synonymer og gennemgår officielle tekniske betegnelser, værkstedsbetegnelser og jargonnavne. Målet er ganske enkelt at sætte flygtningene i stand til at klare sig i det danske samfund.
Antonyms and synonyms are constructed and official technical designations, workshop designations and jargon terms are studied, with the object quite simply of enabling the refugees to manage within the Danish community.
Efter afsluttet kursus bistår Dansk Flygtningehjælp flygtningene via en konsulent, som følger den enkeltes udvikling.
When the course has been completed, the Danish Refugee Relief Organization gives assistance through a consultant, who follows the progress of the individual.
For eksempel kommer konsulenten på to-tre besøg hen gennem basisåret hos de flygtninge der starter på en erhvervsfaglig grunduddannelse.
Through the base-year the consultant will make two or three visits to refugees starting a basic trade training course, for example.
Dansk Flygtningehjælps kurser udføres under lovgivningen om almen fritidsundervisning, hensyntagende specialundervisning samt alfabetiseringsundervisning.
The courses of the Danish Refugee Relief Organization are given under legislation concerning general sparetime education, training for semiskilled workers and literacy-instruction.
EIFL-kurser, erhvervsintroducerende kurser for langtidsledige, afholdes på "El-centre" i tilknytning til specialarbejderskolerne rundt om i landet.
EIFL-courses - vocational induction courses for the long-term unemployed - are held at "El-centres" attached to the semiskilled worker schools around the country.
Særlige EIFL-kurser henvender sig til indvandrerne.
There are special EIFL-courses for immigrants.
Normalt er EIFL-kurser af en varighed på seksten uger, men for indvandrerkurserne kommer hertil et afsluttende 4 ugers modul med erhvervspraktik.
EIFL-courses are normally of 16 weeks' duration; but for the courses for immigrants, there is in addition a final 4-week
Kurserne kan have en lidt varierende opbygning, alt efter deltaqersammensætning og efter hvor i landet de afholdes, idet de indgående faglige elementer kan tage sigte på lokale erhvervsmuligheder.
55 module with on-job training. The structure of the courses can vary slightly, according to the composition of participants and where they are held in the country, since the component trade-elements can be aimed at local job opportunities.
Opbygningen kan f.ex. være således (plan for kursus afholdt i København efterår 1981):
The structure may be as follows (plan for course held in Copenhagen in the spring of 19 81), for example:
2 uger almene emner 4 uger rengøring 4 uger lodning og montage 4 uger transport 2 uger jobsøgning
2 weeks general subjects 4 weeks cleaning 4 weeks soldering and assembly 4 weeks transport 2 weeks job-seeking
16 uger egentligt kursus + 4 uger erhvervspraktik
16 weeks actual course + 4 weeks on-job training
Der arbejdes hen gennem kursusforløbet med en integreret danskundervisning, hægtet på det faglige emne for den på gældende periode.
The students work through the course with integrated Danish instruction linked to the trade subject for the period concerned.
I en vis udstrækning (op til tre timer om· dagen) benyttes dobbeltlærer, således at dansklæreren er med i nooet af den faglige undervisning.
Two teachers are used, to some extent (up to 3 hours daily), with the teacher of Danish in attendance at some of the trade instruction.
Specialarbejderkurser retter sig ikke specielt mod ind vandrerne, men er specifikt erhvervsrettede, modulopbyggede kursusrækker for arbejdstagere og arbejdsløse.
Semiskilled worker courses are not especially for immigrants, but are specifically vocation-orientated series of courses, modular in structure, for workers and unemployed persons. Each
Hvert modul er oftest af en varighed på 13 uger.
56 module is usually of 13 weeks' duration.
For at forbedre indvandrer nes erhvervsmuligheder foreslår man dem eventuelt at følge sådanne kurser efter endt EIFL-kursus.
In order to improve the job opportunities for the immigrants, where applicable they are recommended to take courses of this kind after completing the EIFL-course.
Indvandrerne støder her tit på sproglige og måske kulturelt betingede vanskeligheder.
The immigrants frequently have difficulties due to linguistic and possibly cultural factors here.
Der er ikke præcise oplysninger om hvor mange indvandrere der følger disse kurser. Det formodes at kurserne anvendes mindre af indvandrerne end af danskerne og at gennemførelsesprocenten for indvandrerne er lavere (Forskellighed, nr. 4, 1983).
No precise information exists on the numbers of immigrants attending these courses, which are probably used less by immigrants than by Danes and the percentage of completed courses is probably lower for the immigrants ('Forskellighed', No.4, 1983) .
En række andre kursustyper for indvandrere er kommet til de allerseneste år i forbindelse med beskæftigelsesfremmende foranstaltninger.
A number of other types of courses have appeared in very recent years in connection with measures to promote employment.
I Århus Amt har man således etableret forsøgskurser for særligt truede grupper af voksne, herunder indvandrere, i forbindelse med 7-måneders jobtilbud for langtidsledige i amts kommunen (tidsskriftet Forskellighed, p. 2o-21, nr. 4, 1983).
Thus, in Århus County,pilot courses have been established for groups of adults who are especially threatened, including immigrants, in conjunction with 7-months' job offers for chronically unemployed persons within the county borough (periodical 'Forskellighed', pp. 20-21, No.4, 1983).
Kursisterne lønnes som arbejdsmænd eller rengøringsassistenter under et kursus på 8-13 uger, 4o timer om ugen og placeres derefter i jobs i amtslige institutioner eller projekter. Finansieringen sker
Those attending the course are paid as unskilled labourers or as cleaning assistants during a course lasting 8-13 weeks, 40 hours a week, and are then placed in jobs in county institutions or projects.
Herudover findes der mere generelle kurser i dansk for udlændinge, arrangeret under lovgivningsbestemmelserne om fritidsundervisning for voksne (Undervisningsministeriets lovbekendtgørelse nr. 329 af 11. juli 1983).
In addition, there are more general courses in Danish for foreigners, arranged under the regulations concerning sparetime adult education (Ministry of Education order No.329 of 11 July 19 83).
Til sådanne kurser ydes der tilskud efter nærmere præciserede betragtninger, normalt således at stat og kommune hver yder en tiredjedel, medens den sidste tredjedel afholdes af initiativtageren.
Grants are provided for such courses, in accordance with detailed criteria, normally with the central government and the local authority each providing one-third, the remaining one-third being met by the initiator.
Indenrigsministeriet er netop ved at lade udføre en undersøgelse vedrørende undervisningen i dansk for voksne indvandrere.
The Ministry for Home Affairs is currently having a survey made concerning instruction in Danish for adult immigrants.
Det fremgår af de foreløbige resultater at der i alt i 1981-1982 har været tilmeldt godt 29.ooo indvandrere til danskundervisning, heraf er der dog et ukendt antal personer der er registreret med flere forskellige tilmeldinger.
The provisional results show that in 19 81-82 a good 29 000 immigrants were enrolled for instruction in Danish; but this includes an unknown number of persons who were registered with several different enrolments.
De samlede udgifter kan ikke præcis opgøres men nogle skøn foreligger for 1981-1982: Direktoratet for arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne har haft udgifter på ca. 4i mio. kr., amterne en udgift' på ca. 3 mio. kr., den almene fritidsundervisning en udgift til lærere og ledere under 1 «iio. kr., medens udgifter der henregnes under den hensyntagende specialundervisning har været på over 5o mio. kr.
The Directorate for labourmarket training schemes had expenditure amounting to 4.5 million kroner, the counties approx. 3 million kroner, general sparetime education expenditure on teachers and leaders under 1 million kroner, while expenditure under special instruction amounted to more than 50 million kroner.
Lærerne for indvandrerne er gennemgående yngre (25-4o år) og der er flest kvindelige lærere.
The teachers for immigrants are in all cases younger (25-40 years old) and mostly female.
3.3 Vilkår i arbejde og arbejdsløshed
3.3 Conditions in work and in unemployment
Indvandrernes vilkår hvad angår arbejde og arbejdsløshed følger i store træk det mønster vi har set i de tidligere afsnit af indeværende rapport: Indvandrere fra Norden, EF-lande og Nordamerika har vilkår der ikke adskiller sig så meget fra den samlede befolknings vilkår, medens vilkårene for indvandrere fra tredjelande er markant forskellige herfra.
Conditions for immigrants with regard to work and unemployment broadly conform to the pattern that we saw in earlier sections of this report, with the conditions for immigrants from Scandinavia, the EC-countries and North America not differing very much from the conditions for the population as a whole, while the conditions for immigrants from third countries are markedly different from them.
En undersøgelse af udlændinges erhvervsforhold i Danmark (se fig. 3.6) viser at antallet af selvstændige og over ordnede funktionærer er meget lille for udlændinge fra
A survey of the working situation for foreigners in Denmark (Fig.3.6) shows that the number of self-employed persons and of management personnel is very small for foreigners from third countries and that the largest category is unskilled labourers.
Udlandinges erhvervsforhold 1980.
3.6 Working situation of foreigners, 19 80.
(Fra Statistik om Indvandrere,1983)
(From "Statistik om Indvandrere",19 83) Total in Of Total Emp.
I er-
gain­ which i d in o y e
I alt
Pakist. total
Det formodes dog at største parten er medlemmer af en faglig organisation, idet statistiske oversigter viser at kun 11% af ialt 8240 arbejdsløse udlændinge i 1980 ikke var forsikrede og det kun sjældent forekommer at folk er medlemmer af en arbejdsløshedskasse uden samtidig at være medlem af den tilknyttede fagline oraanisation.
60 members of a trade union, since statistical surveys show that only 11% of a total of 8 240 unemployed foreigners in 19 80 were not insured against unemployment and it rarely happens that people are members of an unemployment insurance fund without at the same time being a member of the associated trade union.
For de tre store indvandrergrupper fra tredjelandene var procentdelen af ikke-arbejdsløshedsforsikrede: Jugoslavien 1,6%, Tyrkiet 1,6% og Pakistan 1,4% eller ialt 58 personer ud af 3672.
For the three major categories of immigrants from third countries, the percentages not insured against unemployment were as follows: Yugoslavia 1.6%, Turkey 1.6% and Pakistan 1.4%, or a total of 58 persons out of 3 672.
Men den faglige aktivitet blandt indvandrere er ikke høj: Kun få er tillidsmænd og sikkerhedsrepræsentanter.
There is not a lot of trade-union activity among immigrants, however; only a few are shop stewards or safety representatives Part of the reason is presumably that barriers to linguistic communication exists here also.
En del af år sagen er formentlig at der også her er barrierer for den sproglige kommunikation: Indvandrerne har måske lært til strækkelig dansk til at klare sig i det daglige, men herfra til at begå sig på lige fod i organisationsarbejdet er der et stort spring.
The immigrants will perhaps have learned sufficient Danish to manage in their ordinary, everyday activities; but it is a big step from this to making good on an equal footing in trade-union work.
Arbejdsløsheden for udlændinge er større end for befolkningen i gennemsnit.
There is a higher level of unemployment among foreigners than for the population in general.
En oversigt over forholdene i 1980 og 1981 ses i figur 3.7.
A summary of the situation in 19 80 and 19 81 can be seen in Fig. 3.7.
Der er overalt en markant stigning fra 1980 til 1981.
There is everywhere a marked increase from 19 80 to 19 81.
Det bemærkes at ledigheden generelt er højere blandt udlændingene end blandt danskerne.
It will be noted that unemployment is in general higher among foreigners than among Danes.
Endvidere ses det at ledigheden for tyrkere og pakistanere er særlig høj.
Moreover, it will be seen that unemployment is particularly high for Turks and Pakistanis. Unemployment among
Ledigheden blandt unge indvandrere (17­24 år) er af speciel interesse for denne rapport, og denne lediahed er opført i figur 3.8 som samlet antal og som procent af antallet af 17­24 årige inden for de forskellige indvandrergrupper samt set i relation til ledighedsprocenten hos den samlede befolk­ning af unge i Danmark.
12,1 women is in general higher than among men and this is the case especially for women who are Turkish or Pakistani citizens.
Det kan måske undre at ledighedsprocenten generelt er lavere for de unge end for indvandrergrupperne og befolkningen generelt, Dette er ikke ensbetydende med at færre unge er arbejdsledige, men skyldes at langt fra alle unge arbejdsledige er registrerede i arbejdsløshedskasserne.
The Turks show in all cases the poorest training­background and the Pakistanis the best, and the relevant figures are reflected to some extent in the employment situation for the groups concerned.
I alt
Page 78
3.4 Familieforhold
3.4 The family situation
Indvandrernes familiemønster er ofte så forskelligt fra det danske, at netop dette kulturtræk må få en afgørende betydning for de problemer de unge indvandrere stilles over for i livet i Danmark, også hvad angår uddannelsesbetingelser.
The family pattern of immigrants often differs so much from the Danish pattern that this very cultural aspect must become crucial for the problems with which the young immigrants are faced in their life in Denmark - also regarding conditions of training and education.
I dette afsnit er kort skitseret nogle af trækkene vedrørende disse familieforhold, andre træk har jeg fundet det mere hensigtsmæssigt at placere under rapportens øvrige afsnit.
This section contains a brief outline of some of the features relating to this family situation; other features I have considered to be more appropriately put in the other sections of the report.
Således vil de specifikke problemer som den unge kvindelige indvandrer møder være behandlet i afsnit 3.7.
Thus, the specific problems that are encountered by young female immigrants will be discussed in subsection 3.7.
Der fandtes i 1981 ialt knap 30.000 ægtepar hvor mindst en af ægtefællerne var udlænding, således som det fremgår af figur 3.9.
In 19 81 there were found to be just under 30 000 married couples with at least one of the married partners of foreign nationality, as will be seen from Fig. 3.9.
For tredjelandene er langt de fleste ægteskaber indgået blandt ægtefæller fra samme tredjeland, dog er der ialt ca. 5.000 ægteskaber hvor den ene ægtefælle (langt hyppigst kvinden) er dansk statsborger, den anden fra et tredjeland.
For third countries, by far the majority of the marriages have been between partners from the same third country; but there is a total of about 5 000 married couples in which one partner (most often, by far, the woman) is a Danish citizen, while the other is from a third country.
Antal agteskaber hvoraf mindst en af egtef«lierne er udenlandsk statsborger pr. 1. januar 1981. (Fra Statistik oa Indvandrere, 1983).
Number of married couples in which at least one of the partners was an alien,as at 1 January 19 81 (From "Statistik om Indvandrere", 1983)
I alt
T o t a l
Anm.: Der var pr. 1. januar 1981 i alt 1.152.262 agteskaber 1 Danmark.
Note.: As at 1 January 1981 there was a total of 1 152 262 married couples in Denmark.
I 29 925 agteskaber - svarende til 2,6% - indgik mindst en udenlandsk statsborger. i 10.507 agteskaber - svarende til 0,9« af alle agteskaber i Danmark og til 35,1% af alle agteskaber, hvor udenlandsk statsborger indgår - er begge agtefeller udlandin9*·
In 29 925 couples, or 2.6%, there was at least one alien. In 10 507 couples, or 0.9% of all married couples in Denmark and 35.1% of all marriages including aliens, both partners were foreigners
Antallet af børn for de enkelte husstande, alt efter nationalitet er anført i figur 3.10.
The number of children for the individual households, by nationality, is entered in Fig. 3.10.
Her bemærkes det klart store antal børn i husstande fra Pakistan og Tyrkiet.
The distinctly larger number of children in households from Pakistan and Turkey will be noted here.
Specielle beregninger over fertiliteten viser at denne hos indvandrere fra tredjelande er to til tre gange højere end den gennemnitlige danske fertilitet.
Special computations concerning fertility show that among immigrants from third countries this is from two to three times higher than the average Danish fertility rate.
Antallet af børn pr. familie, fordelt på nationalitet.
Fig, 3.IQ. Number of children per family, by nationality. (From "Statistik om Indvandrere", 1983)
De samlevendes nationalitet
Nationality of the cohabitants
Blandede parforhold Norden
Mixed Nordic „_, North Third e^ couple Union
3. lande
Am. countries tan slavia "
Anm.: Samlevende omfatter ogsi "papirløse· forhold (i alt 30.678 parforhold).
(30 6 78 couples in all).
Kun udenlandske papirforhold er medtaget.
Only "clean" situations regarding foreign papers are included.
Kilde: Materiale i indenrigsministeriet. Noter: 1) Incl. pakistanere med britisk pas og fødested Pakistan.
Source: Material in the Ministry for Home Affairs.
Et væsentligt træk ved familiemønstret hos indvandrerne fra tredjelandene er afsondretheden, lukketheden.
A most important aspect of the immigrant family pattern for third countries is isolation, closeness.
Familien danner et mikrokosmos, hvis kontakt med verden udenfor reguleres af bestemte regler, som kun tillader samkvem med medlemmer af andre familier under bestemte forhold, i alt fald hvad de kvindelige medlemmer angår.
The family forms a microcosm whose contact with the world outside is governed by specific rules which allow intercourse with members of other families only in certain circumstances - as far as the female members are concerned, at any rate.
Familien og uddannelsen
The family and education
For nogle indvandrergrupper erdét .imod de kulturelle normer at lade piger gå i skole længere end til 12-13 årsalderen, og de kommer således i konflikt med det danske samfunds krav om ni års undervisning for alle børn.
For some categories of immigrants, it is contrary to their cultural norms to allow girls to attend school longer than the age of 12-13,and they therefore come into conflict with the Danish requirement of nine years' education for all children
Holdningerne til drengenes uddannelse er præget af to modsatrettede synspunkter: Enten ser familien en fordel i at lade drengene uddanne sig og således få større chance for et vel lønnet arbejde, eller familien er interesseret i hurtigst muligt at få dem i arbejde, så de kan bidrage til familiens økonomi -ofte med opsparing for øje, når drømmen om hjemrejse er bevaret.
68 characterized by two opposed viewpoints. Either the family sees an advantage in allowing the boys to be educated and thus have a greater chance of obtaining well-paid work, or else the family is interested in getting them into a job as quickly as possible, so that they can contribute towards the family income - usually with a view to saving, if the dream of eventually going home is preserved.
Der kan fra dansk side være en tilbøjelighed til at se indvandrere fra tredjelande som en kulturel enhed, men der er selv følgelig mange træk - også hvad angår familieforhold - som er vidt forskellige for indvandrere fra de forskellige lande, og denne forskellighed har betydning for arten af problemer som opstår for de unge indvandrere.
On the Danish side there can be a tendency to see immigrants from third countries as a cultural unit; but there are many features, of course - also regarding family matters - which differ widely among the immigrants from the various countries, and this diversity is significant for the types of problems that arise for young immigrants.
Han arbejder hårdt og sparer penge op, så han kan betale rejsen for hustruen og børnene, som kommer nogle år senere.
He works hard and saves money to enable him to pay for the journey for his wife and children who come some years later.
Ændringen af opholdsland medfører forandringer i rollefordelingen i familien.
The change in the country of residence brings changes in role assignment within the family.
Moderen påtager sig arbejde udenfor hjemmet, i det mindste i begyndelsen. For de ældre piger opstår der en ganske besværlig situation idet det nu kræves at de over for de mindre børn påtager sig et ansvar som i deres hjemland, i hvert fald delvis, ville have hvilet på voksne medlemmer af storfamilien.
The mother undertakes work outside the home - in the beginning, at least - while for the older girls a quite difficult situation arises, since they are now required to assume a responsibility for the smaller children, which in their homeland - partially, at least - would have rested upon adult members of the extended family.
Da familien sjældent er samlet, oplever forældrene måske ikke disse spændinger.
Since the family is rarely together, the parents perhaps do not experience these stresses.
Alt hvad der fra børnenes sirte strider mod forældrenes, i særdeleshed faderens overbevisning og meninger stoppes og straffes.
Everything from the children's side which conflicts with the parents' attitudes - the father's convictions and opinions, in particular - is stopped and punished.