natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Domstolen har ofte skullet tage stilling til medlemsstaternes forpligtelser med hensyn til frie varebevægelser og indførelsen af et fælles marked og har da navnlig påset, at hindringer, som beskyttede de nationale markeder og virksomheder, samt hindringer for samhandelen mellem medlemsstater generelt, blev afskaffet.
The Court has often been asked to clarify Member States'obligations with regard to the free movement of goods and the establishment of a common market and to secure the removal of barriers protecting national markets and undertakings and, generally, of all hindrances to trade be tween Member States.
Den retspraksis, der er dannet på grund lag af Nouvelles frontières-dommen (1986), hvor Domstolen fastslog, at traktaternes konkurrenceregler finder anvendelse på lufttransport, har f.eks. været medvirkende til at ophæve reguleringen af flybilletpriserne.
Following the judgment in the Nouvelles Frontières case (1986), in which the Court held that the rules governing competition contained in the Treaties applied to air transport, its decisions in this area have permitted the establishment of more favourable conditions for passengers as regards air fares.
Siden Cassis de Dijon-dommen (1979) har fællesskabsborgerne således hjemme kunnet nyde levnedsmidler af en hvilken som helst art fra en af Fællesskabets med lemsstater, såfremt disse lovligt er fremstillet og bragt i omsætning i en anden medlemsstat, og såfremt vigtige hensyn, som f.eks. sundhed eller miljøbeskyttelse, ikke er til hinder for, at de indfores i forbrugsstaten.
Thus, following the Cassis de Dijon judgment (1979), European consumers may buy in their own country any food product from a country in the Community — provided that it is lawfully produced and marketed in that country and that there are no serious grounds related, for example, to the protection of health or the environment for preventing its importation into the country of consumption.
Domstolens praksis på dette foregangsfelt for den europæiske integration har knæsat de fundamentale principper for den fælles landbrugspolitik (markedets enhed, fællesskabspræferencen) og gjort det muligt at sikre, at de forskellige mekanismer i gennemforeisen heraf fungerer tilfredsstillende.
The Court's decisions in this spearhead sector of European integration have made it possible to endorse the fundamental principles of the common agricultural policy (unity of the market and Community preference) and ensure the proper operation of the various mechanisms set up to implement it.
I forbindelse med indførelsen af det fælles marked har Domstolens praksis endvidere bidraget til at bringe klarhed over den nomenklatur, der er afgørende for identificeringen af varer af vidt forskellig art, så de kan bringes på markedet, og så den fælles toldtarif kan finde ensartet anvendelse. delse.
Again in the course of the establishment of the common market, the decisions of the Court have also contributed to clarifying the nomenclature essential to identify the most diverse products, to enable them to be marketed and to apply the Common Customs Tariff uniformly.
Domstolen har lagt særlig vægt på den menneskelige integration som en væsentlig faktor for gennemførelsen af et fælles marked og en stadig snævrere sammen slutning mellem de europæiske folk.
The Court has also fostered integration on a human level, an essential factor not only in the establishment of the common market but also in an ever-closer union among the peoples of Europe.
Selv om arbejdstagere i Fællesskabet, der øn-
A European worker who decides to settle in
De frie varebevægelser er ikke blot af betydning for erhvervsdrivende, men
In the GB-INNO-BM judgment (1990) the Court held that national legislation denying consumers ac
På grundlag af Rom-traktatens klare regel om ligeløn, fastslog Domstolen i Defren-ne-sagen (1971), at det hverken på EF-plan eller nationalt var nødvendigt med særlige foranstaltninger, for at denne bestemmelse i traktaten var umiddelbart anvendelig, og de nationale domstole har pligt til at sikre, at enhver fællesskabsborger nyder godt af dette princip.
Since the Treaty of Rome contains a specific provision dealing with that question, in the Defrenne case (1971) the Court held that no Community or national measure was needed for the direct application of that provision in the Treaty, and that it was the duty of the national courts to ensure that all European citizens en joyed the benefit of that principle.
Domstolen har også været forelagt et stort antal sager vedrørende fri udveksling af tjenesteydelser og vedrørende den frie etableringsret.
The Court has also had to settle important issues in the fields of freedom to provide services and freedom of establishment.
bejdstagere på samme vilkår som nationale arbejdstagere.
another Community country, and who may thus suffer direct or indirect discrimination, now enjoys the same rights and benefits as regards conditions of work and employment as those given to national workers.
sker at bosætte sig i en anden af Fælles skabets stater, undertiden kan blive ofre for direkte eller skjult forskelsbehandling, nyder de ikke desto mindre samme rettigheder og fordele med hensyn til ansættelses- og arbejdsbetingelser som nationale arbejdstagere.
The Court has also defined in a number of judgments the extent of the right of the spouse and children of a migrant worker to settle with him, and has stressed that children must not only be admitted to courses of general education and occupational training, but are also entitled to the same assistance as the children of citizens of the State of residence, such as interest-free loans, scholarships, assistance for the rehabilitation of the handicapped, etc.
I denne forbindelse har Domstolen fast slået, at en social ydelse, der i almindelighed sikrer et eksistensminimum, eller en særlig alderdomsydelse, der sikrer ældre en mindsteindkomst, er sociale rettigheder, som tilkommer vandrende ar
Another problem examined by the Court in the context of numerous requests for
Domstolen har ligeledes i flere domme fastslået rækkevidden af de rettigheder, en ægtefælle eller børn af en vandrende arbejdstager har ti I at bosætte sig sammen med denne, og har fremhævet, at børn ikke alene skal have adgang til almindelig undervisning og en faglig uddannelse, men også har ret til samme støtte i forbindelse hermed som børn af bopælsstatens egne statsborgere, som f.eks. rentefrie lån, uddannelsesstøtte, revalidering af handicappede osv.
In that connection, the Court has held that a social benefit guaranteeing minimum means of subsistence ora special old-age allowance guaranteeing a minimum in come for old people are social advantages to which migrant workers are entitled under the same conditions as national workers.
Ifølge Rom-traktaten skulle alle restriktioner på disse områder have været af skaffet ved udgangen af 1960'erne. De nødvendige foranstaltninger blev imidlertid ikke altid truffet inden for de foreskrevne frister.
Under the Treaty of Rome, all restrictions in those fields should have been abolished by the end of the 1960s, but the necessary steps had not always been taken within the prescribed period.
På denne baggrund lettede Domstolen gennemførelsen af disse friheder, ¡det den bl.a. i Van Binsbergenog Reyners-sagerne (1974) fastslog, at traktatens bestemmelser havde umiddelbar virkning og som følge heraf kunne påberåbes for de nationale domstole.
In its judgments in the van Binsbergen and Reyners cases (1974), the Court swept away obstacles to the enjoyment of those freedoms by holding that the provisions of the Treaty had direct effect and could thus be relied upon in the national courts.
Domstolen har også haft lejlighed til at understrege betydningen af miljøbeskyttelse. Den har således fastslået, at dette er et af Fællesskabets hovedformål, og at det som sådant kan begrunde visse begrænsninger i princippet om frie varebevægelser. Domstolen har f.eks.
The Court of Justice has also had occasion to stress the importance of environmental protection, which it has held to be one of the essential objectives of the Community and, as such, capable of constituting grounds for certain restrictions on the principle of the free movement of goods.
Endelig er der grund til at fremhæve Domstolens indsats for individets beskyttelse i den hovedsagelig tekniske og okonomiske ramme, som fællesskabsretten er.
Finally, the role of protector of personal rights adopted by the Court of Justice within the essentially technical and economic framework of Community law must be emphasized.
Siden Stauder- (1969) og Internationale Handelsgesellschaft-dommene (1970) har Domstolen uafbrudt søgt at sikre individets personlige grundrettigheder'samtidig med, at den har taget sig i agt for ikke at overskride fællesskabsrettens rammer.
Ever since its judgments in the Stauder and Internationale Handelsgesellschaft cases (1969 and 1970 respectively), it has been one of the Court's constant concerns to protect the fundamental rights of
Domstolen har ligeledes sikret, at fælles skabsretten tilpasses ændrede forhold.
The Court of Justice has ensured that Community law has remained adapted to changing circumstances.
I A.E.T.R.-dommen (1971) fastslog Dom stolen, at medlemsstaterne ikke længere havde kompetence til at indgå aftaler med tredjelande om forpligtelser, der berørte de fælles regler, og opstillede herved et overordentlig vigtigt princip, nemlig at Fællesskabets beføjelser i forholdet udadtil er af dynamisk karakter.
In its judgment in the ERTA case (1971), for instance, the Court held that Member States were no longer entitled to enter into obligations with non-member countries affecting common rules, thus establishing the extremely important principle that the Community's powers in the field of external relations are evolutive.
Efterhånden som Europa-Parlamentet har fået tillagt nye beføjelser, har Domstolen — inden det udtrykkeligt blev fastslået i Maastricht-traktaten — anerkendt, at visse af Parlamentets retsakter kan gøres til genstand for sogsmål for Domstolen, og omvendt, at Parlamentet kan anfægte andre institutioners retsakter, såfremt Parlamentets særlige beføjelser hermed anfægtes.
When the European Parliament acquired new powers, the Court recognized that, before the Maastricht Treaty made express provision for it, certain acts of the Parliament could be challenged before the Court and, conversely, the Parliament could challenge acts of the other institutions if they encroached on its own prerogatives. rogatives.
Man må forvente en forøgelse af Domstolens arbejdsbyrde og en stadig voksende indflydelse fra den praksis, der er opbygget i løbet af de 40 år.
Whatever the future holds in store, the Court of Justice will continue to ensure that the law is observed in the interpretation and application of the Treaties, and its judgments will thus be respected by all who strive for a Europe of strength and solidarity in peace and unity.
Under alle omstændigheder vil Domstolen fortsat værne om lov og ret ved sin fortolkning og anvendelse af traktaterne, og dens domme vil på denne baggrund blive værdsat afalle, dermed forventning imødeser et stærkt og solidarisk Europa med fred og enhed.
An increase in workload is to be expected, but so too is ever greater influence for the case-law which has built up over the four decades.
Der er nu forløbet 40 år siden oprettelsen, og det fælles Europa er ved at nå en moden alder.
The Europe of the Communities, born more than four decades ago, is now poised to enter into its period of maturity.
Fra de indre grænser blev ophævet i 1 993 som følge af Maastrichttraktaten, udvikler Fællesskabet sig nu i retningafen Politisk Union.
Having become a frontier-free area in 1993, it is now moving towards political union following the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty.
Efter udvidelsen i 1995 med Østrig, Finland og Sverige søges forbindelserne med nye deltagere fra Øst- og Centraleuropa styrket.
Having welcomed the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995, it is preparing to strengthen its bonds with new partners from Central and Eastern Europe.
De anførte synspunkter forpligter ikke Domstolen.
The Court Is in no way responsible for any opinions expressed
Brochuren er illustreret med fotos af kunstværker, der er udstillet i Justitspalæet. Værkerne er blevet skænket eller udlånt af De Europæiske Fællesskabers medlemsstater.
The illustrations are reproductions of works of art on display at the Court of Justice, donated or lent by Member States of the European Community
(D en άι æ α > KONTORET FOR DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABERS OFFICIELLE PUBLIKATIONER
OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Domstolen for De europæiske Fællesskaber
Court of Justice of the European Communities
Møde mellem repræsentanter for domstole og universiteter 27.-28. september 1976
Judicial and Academic Conference 27-28 September 1 976
Møde mellem repræsentanter for domstole og universiteter 27.-28. september 1976
Judicial and Academic Conference 27-28 September 1976
— den originale version af afdelingsformand H. Kutschers indlæg (I) var affattet på tysk
The original text of the Report (I) by Judge H. Kutscher, President of Chamber, was drawn up in German
— den originale version af professor C. Hamsons indlæg (II) var affattet på engelsk
The original text of the Report (II) by Professor C. Hamson, Q.C., was drawn up in English
— den originale version af indlægget (III) fra F. Dumon, første generaladvokat ved Cour de Cassation i Belgien, var affattet på fransk
The original text of the Report (III) by Mr F. Dumon, First Advocate-General at the Belgian Cour de Cassation, was drawn up in French
— den originale version af generaladvokat J.-P. Warners indlæg (V) var affattet på engelsk
The original text of the Report (V) by Mr Advocate-General J.-P. Warner was drawn up in English
— den originale version af dommer P. Pescatores indlæg (VI) var affattet på fransk
The original text of the Report (VI) by Judge P. Pescatore was drawn up in French
På grund af de meget korte frister for manuskripternes oversættelse og trykninghar det været umuligt for forfatterne af foretage en gennemlæsning af over sættelsen af deres indlæg.
In view of the very short period of time within which the manuscripts had to be translated and printed, it was not possible for the authors to arrange for the translations of their texts to be revised.
Efter snart 25 års virke har De europæiske Fællesskabers Domstol taget initiativ til at skabe en ny og anderledes debat om sine fortolkningsmetoder.
At the end of a period of activity of almost 25 years the Court of Justice of the European Communities took the initiative in inviting a new type of reflection upon its methods of interpretation.
Tidspunktet synes så meget desto mere velegnet, som fællesskabsdomstolen, efter forøgelsen af de præjudicielle sager på grundlag af Rom-traktaten, nu fremover står over for et stigende antal sager vedrørende fortolkningen af Bruxelles-konventionen om retternes kompetence.
The time appeared to be particularly ripe in that, following the rise in the number of requests for preliminary rulings submitted under the Treaty of Rome, the European Court of Justice is receiving an ever-increasing number of questions concerning the interpretation of the Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters.
Det var derfor af den største betydning for Domstolen at samle medlems staternes højeste dommere, dygtigste advokater og berømte universitetslærere for at høre deres kritiske bemærkninger til Domstolens samle retspraksis. Dette var det første formål med dommer- og universitetsmodet, der, med over 150 deltagere, afholdtes i Luxembourg den 27. og 28. september 1976.
It was therefore of the greatest interest to the Court to bring together senior members of the judiciaries of the Member States and qualified representatives of the national Bars and famous universities in order to submit to their critical assessment the whole of its case-law.
Det var endvidere passende at benytte denne enestående lejlighed til at give de ni justitsministre mulighed for, for første gang, at møde Fællesskabets samlede dommerstand og for at danne sig et samlet overblik over fællesskabs rettens sammenlignede livskraft i hvert enkelt af vore lande.
The Conference was also an exceptional opportunity to give the nine Ministers responsible for the administration of justice the chance to meet — for the first time — lawyers from all the Member States and to obtain an overall picture of the comparative vitality of Community law in each of those States.
Tre afhandlinger indledte debatten om Domstolens fortolkningsmetoder.
Three papers were to introduce the discussion on the methods of interpretation employed by the Court.
For at gøre den kritiske debat så bred som mulig havde man tyet til tre forfattere af forskellig oprindelse.
So that the area of criticism should be as wide as possible three 'rapporteurs' from different environments were asked to present papers.
Medens hr. Kutscher, dengang afdelingsformand ved Domstolen, bidrog med sin rige erfaring fra det arbejde, han havde deltaget i indefra, var det de to andre forfatteres opgave at fremsætte kritiske synspunkter set uden for Domstolen.
Mr Kutscher, then President of Chamber at the Court, was to bring to the Conference his wide experience of an enterprise in which he has been intimately involved within the Court, whilst two other 'rapporteurs' from outside the institution were also invited to submit their own critical observations.
Hr. Dumon — første generaladvokat ved Belgiens Cour de Cassation — og hr. Hamson — fremtrædende engelsk teoretiker, forhenværende professor i Cambridge — var nemlig i særlig grad kompetente til at udtale sig fra såvel teoretiske som praktiske synspunkter og efter de synsmåder, der er særlige for kontinentale jurister og for Common Lawjurister.
A prominent lawyer — Mr Dumon, First Advocate-General at the Cour de Cassation of Belgium — and an eminent professor from a British
Det var således på grundlag af disse tre væsentlige afhandlinger og først med generaladvokat Trabucchi og dernæst med afdelingsformand O'Keeffe som ordstyrer at en levende, indgående, modsætningsfyldt debat fandt sted.
The lively, deep and varied discussions which followed under the chairman ship of, first, Mr Alberto Trabucchi, Advocate-General, and, secondly, Mr Aindrias O'Keeffe, President of Chamber, were based on those three significant documents.
Emnerne var mangfoldige.
The themes were very varied.
Anerkendelse og kritik vekslede, ofte fra en og samme deltager.
Approval alternated with criticism, often from the same contributors.
Det vil måske være overdrevent forenklet blandt de oftest berørte spørgsmål at nævne traktaternes umiddelbare virkning ifølge dommen Van Gend og Loos, som professor Hamson omtalte, samt den i dommen Defrenne anerkendte ligeløn for mænd og kvinder, som første generaladvokat Dumon omtalte.
At the risk of over-simplifying the discussion, let me refer, among the problems most frequently touched on, to those raised by Professor Hamson in relation to the direct effect of the Treaties as it results from the judgment in Van Gena and Loos and those referred to by Mr Dumon, First Advocate-General, in relation to the principle of equal pay for men and women acknowledged in the Defrenne judgment.
Tiden var formentlig for knap til at udtømme debatten.
The time available was, of course, insufficient to exhaust the debate.
I det mindste gav deltagernes^) antal, anseelse og forskellige nationale oprinse denne kritiske debat et rigt indhold i et udtalt idéfællesskab.
However, the number, the authority and the diverse national origins of the contributors1gave great weight to the critical examination undertaken in a remarkable community of spirit.
Mødets oplysende del, der lagde beslag på den anden dag, gav de samme deltagere, hvortil medlemsstaternes justitsministre(2) havde sluttet sig, et indtryk af de forskellige sider af fællesskabsrettens livskraft.
The instructional part of the meeting, to which the second day was devoted, enabled the same audience, which then included the Ministers responsible for the administration of justice of the various Member States,2to appreciate the vitality of Community law in all its various forms.
(') Til trods for den knappe tid hørtes indlæg fra:
Despite the ctowded timetable the following participants were able to contribute:
Hr. Olmi, generaldirektør for EF-Kommissionens juridiske tjeneste; Sir Walkcr-Smith, formand for Europa-Parlamentets retsudvalg; Vicomte Ganshof van Der Mcersch, for henværende Procureur général ved den belgiske kassationsret; professor van Gerven fra Louvain; professor Lando fra København; professor Boerner fra Køln; advokat Deringer fra Køln; hr. Monguilan, første præsident ved Frankrigs Cour de Cassation; hr. Touffait, procureur général ved Frankrigs Cour de Cassation; hr. Bellet, afdelingsformand ved Frankrigs Cour de Cassation; professor Vedel fra Paris; professor Teitgen fra Paris; advokat Gatalano fra Rom; professor Monaco fra Rom; senator Bosco fra Rom; pro fessor Ubertazzi fra Milano; Conseiller Liesch fra Luxembourg; professor Verloren van Thematt fra Utrecht; professor Schermers fra Amsterdam; lord Denning, Master of the Rolls fra London; professor Lipstein fra Cambridge; professor Graveson fra London; professor Lawton fra Belfast.
Mr Olmi, Director-General of the Legal Department of the Commission of the European Communities, Sir Derek Walker-Smith, Chairmen of the Legal Affairs Committee of the European Parliament, Viscount Ganshof van der Meersch, Emeritus Public Prosecutor at the Cour de Cassation of Belgium, Professor Van Gerven from Louvain, Professor Lando from Copenhagen, Professor Boerner from Cologne, Mr Deringer from Cologne, Mr Monguilan, First President of the Cour de Cassation of France, Mr Touffait, Public Prosecutor at the Cour de Cassation of France, Mr Bellet, President of Chamber at the Cour de Cassation of France, Professor Vedel from Paris, Professor Teitgen from Paris, Mr Catalano from Rome, Professor Monaco from Rome, Senator Bosco from Rome, Professor Ubertazzi from Milan, Councillor Liesch from Luxembourg, Professor Verloren van Themaat from Utrecht, Professor Schermers from Amsterdam, Lord Denning, Master of the Rolls, from London, Professor Lipstein from Cambridge, Professor Graveson from London, Professor Lawton from Belfast.
Endelig blev der givet et overblik over de nationale retters anvendelse af traktater og forordninger.
The final stage was to be a survey of the ways in which the Treaties and Regulations are applied in the Member States.
Denne opgave påhvilede dommer Pescatore, der redegjorde for den sammenlignede udvikling i national retspraksis, for de skete fremskridt og for de vanskeligheder, der her og der endnu står tilbage.
This task was entrusted to Mr P. Pescatore, Judge, who spoke, in comparative terms, of the evolution of the caselaw of the national courts, the progress made and the difficulties which persist here and there.
I et velunderbygget og skarpsindigt indlæg var det hr. van Agt, formand for EF-Rådet af justitsministre, magtpåliggende at vise integrationens udvikling gennem Domstolens og de nationale retters retspraksis og overfor disse at give udtryk for medlemsstaternes tillid.
In a well-documented and penetrating address Mr van Agt, President of the Council of Ministers for Justice of the Community, then sought to describe the development of integration through the caselaw of the Court of Justice and of the national courts and to express the confidence of the Member States in those bodies.
Hvilke slutninger kan der drages af et sådant møde ?
What conclusions are to be drawn from such a conference?
For det første bør denne form for møder, man herved forsøgte, fastholdes for en ny udvikling.
First of all, this novel formula may be applied again in future.