natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
■ Klarlæggelse af erhvervsuddannelser i Nederlandene (nr. 5530).
■ Inventory of in­company training courses in the Netherlands (No 5530).
Erhvervsuddannelserne bliver ikke registre­ret eller koordineret centralt i Nederlande­ne.
This article has briefly reviewed the research, plans and projects concerning the relationship between education/training and the labour market and new technologies in secondary education.
En god oversigt over behovet for er­hvervsrettet voksenuddannelse er nødven­dig for erhvervsvalgene og for konstatering af visse tendenser i disse uddannelser.
Many of these aspects are similarly being researched in the other Community countries.
Samtidig fore­slås nye samrådsstrukturer mellem den er­hvervsfaglige undervisning og erhvervsli­vet. Erhvervslivet bliver på denne måde medansvarlig for indholdet af uddannelses­profilerne.
This is achieved, for example, by updating curricu­la, establishing new fields of study, procur­ing computers and, for instance, CNC machines and providing in­service training for trainers.
Dette er ikke indlysende i Neder­landene, eftersom undervisningsfriheden, der er forankret i grundloven, bestemmer, at de enkelte skoleråd er ansvarlige for undervisningens indhold.
The plan includes numerous separate projects, covering such aspects as research on occupational profiles, school­leavers, methods of constructing curricula and evaluation studies.
Projekter vedrørende erhvervs­uddannelse og nye teknologier
New struc­tures have also been proposed for consulta­tions between the vocational training sector and trade and industry, with the latter to be partly responsible for the content of train­ing profiles.
I det foregående er der givet en kortfattet oversigt over undersøgelser, planer og pro­jekter vedrørende forbindelserne mellem undervisningen og arbejdsmarkedet og ved­rørende nye teknologier inden for den sekundære undervisning.
This is not a matter of course in the Netherlands, since the freedom of edu­cation enshrined in the Constitution means that individual school boards are responsib­le for the content of education in de­nominational and similar schools.
Udover SVO finansierer også visse ministe­rier direkte forskellige projekter:
In­company training courses in the Nether­lands are not registered or coordinated centrally.
Af enkelte større projekter kan nævnes:
Projects concerning vocational training and new technologies
■ »Informatica Stimuleringsplan« (INSP) INSP er en plan, der er udarbejdet af ministeriet for undervisning og videnskab og landbrugsministeriet. Denne plan omfat­ter alle sektorer af den ordinære undervis­ning med undtagelse af universiteterne.
The Ministry of Social Affairs is financing a project whereby some 5 000 school­leavers can obtain 10 months of training in the operation of computers in an office en­vironment (office automation) or in the programming of microcomputers.
Instituttet for Forskning og Undervisning* vil gerne samarbejde på forskellig vis med andre institutter om ovennævnte forsk­ningsemner.
Certain projects are financed directly by government departments.
Målene er:
Stimulation
• at gøre alle elever fortrolige med infor­mationsteknologi (bl.a. »borgerinforma­tik« = computer literacy).
■ The Informatics (INSP).
Sidstnævnte tager sigte på at fremme den erhvervsfaglige undervisning.
* For further information or discussion please contact SVO, Sweelinckplein 14, 2517 GK Den Haag; Tel. (0) 70­46 96 79.
Aktuelle udviklinger inden for erhvervs­uddannelsen i EF
Current developments in vocational training in the European Community
Teser1) til den voksende betydning af videreuddannelsen og den rolle, arbejdsmarkedets parter spiller
Views1 on the growing importance of continuing training and of the role played by the two sides of industry
Til videreuddannelsesmål og strategier ringer er en forudsætning for enhver ud­dannelsespolitik.
Continuing training goals and strategies of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP) are also growing in importance.
EF­Centeret ƒ Berlin byder offentlige og private aktører inden for erhvervsuddannelse i de tolv medlemsstater en konkret arbejdsramme, inden for hvilken de kan udveksle deres erfaringer samt finde veje til løsning.
The critical gathering of information is a prerequisite for any training policy. The Community's Centre in Berlin offers those concerned with vocational training in the public and private sectors of the 12 Member States a practical forum in which to exchange views and seek solutions.
De hidtil gennemførte sammenlignende undersøgelser inden for videreuddannelse og voksenuddannelse i EFs medlemsstater giver et billede af situationen i begyndelsen af 80'erne. Eksperternes status var i vidt omfang kritisk.
The comparative studies so far carried out on continuing and adult training in the Member States of the Community paint an accurate picture of the situation in the early 1980s.
D Videreuddannelsen og voksenuddannelsen har som enhver uddannelse i første række til mål at give menneskene en omfattende mulighed for udvikling og ikke blot at gøre det muligt for dem at tilpasse sig de skiftende vilkår; de tjener også til deres befrielse fra uforståede saglige tvingende omstændigheder og irrationelle afhængig heder.
D As in any other form of education, the primary objective of continuing and adult training is not simply to enable people to adjust to changing conditions but to give them a good chance to develop. It also serves to free them from constraints they do not understand and from irrational dependence.
Disse mål bør også den videreuddannelse have, der er rettet mod formidling, udvidelse og fornyelse af kvalifikationer for erhvervsvirksomheden; for erhvervelsen af erhvervskvalifiaktioner skal mindre og mindre skilles fra formidling af almen og social kompetence.
These goals should also be pursued by continuing training that is designed to teach, extend and replace skills used at work, because it is becoming increasingly impossible to separate the acquisition of occupational skills from the teaching of general and social competence.
De unge burde få chancen for — også til støtte for deres egen proces med at finde et erhverv — at de tidligt kan forlade skolen eller uddannelsen og træde ind i et arbejdsliv og samtidig udbygge videreuddannelsesmulighederne for ældre unge og arbejdstagere og arbejdsløse, der er koblet til disses arbejds- og erhvervserfaring2).
Young people should be given the opportunity of leaving school or training early and taking employment — which will also help them in the process of finding suitable occupations — and more continuing training opportunities linked to past work and occupational experience should be provided for older young people and for employed and unemployed workers.2
D Der synes trods nogle forjættende tilløb i nogle medlemsstater stadig at mangle en sammenhængende tilbudsstruktur, der ret tidigt og i tilstrækkeligt omfang kunne gå ind på ind på de forskellige interessesituationer og behov i de forskellige adressatgrupper, dvs. der mangler den nødvendige sammenhæng i videreuddannelsen, som til bydes offentligt og privat.
D Despite certain promising approaches in some Member States, there still appears to be no cohesive training structure capable of responding promptly and adequately to the different interests and needs of the various target groups. In other words, the required cohesiveness of the continuing training pro vided by public and private bodies is lack ing.
Videreuddannelsen betragtes endnu alt for ofte som kort sigtet tilpasning til nye fakta, former for arbejdsorganisation, nye teknikker og arbejdspladser, i stedet for at opfattes som en mere omfattende investering i mennesker med henblik på deres deltagelse i samfundsog arbejdslivet.
Continuing training is still all too often regarded as short-term adjustment to a new situation, new ways of organizing work, new methods and new jobs, rather than a more comprehensive investment in people, designed to enable them to play an active part in society and working life.
Π Som bekendt er De europæiske Fælles­skaber oprettet for 30 år siden i første række med henblik på den økonomiske udvikling og den politiske interesseudligning.
D As everyone knows, the European Com munities were established 30 years ago principally to further economic develop ment and to ensure a balance of political interests.
Trakta­terne, der ligger til grund for Fællesskaber­ne, er økonomiske traktater, i hvilke ud­dannelses­ og erhvervsuddannelsespolitik kun er medtaget rudimentært.
The Treaties on which the Com munities are based are economic treaties and contain no more than rudimentary provisions on education and vocational training policy.
Legitimeret i traktaten, således hed det i lange tider, var egentlig kun beskæftigelsen med spørgsmål vedrørende erhvervsuddannelse og ­vide­reuddannelse.
The only aspects of this area with which the Communities may legally concern themselves, it was long claimed, are initial and in-service training.
Endnu for 10 år siden kunne den daværende EF­kommissær for viden­skab og uddannelse forestille sig en sam­menfattende uddannelsespolitik ved afslut­ningen af den europæiske enighedsproces.
Ten years ago the Commissioner then responsible for science and education was predicting that an integrating education and training policy would not come, if at all, until the process of European unification was completed.
Siden har et og andet forandret sig.
Since then there have been various changes.
Uddan­nelse og erhverv gøres til emne for mange europæiske institutioner.
Many European institutions are now taking an interest in education, training and employment.
De uddannelses­politiske aktiviteter i De europæiske Fælles­skaber er øget stærkt i de senere år.
The European Communities have stepped up their activities in the field of education and training policy in recent years.
EF­Kommissionen, medlemsstaternes rege­ringer og arbejdsmarkedets parter har alle­rede foreslået tilløb til løsninger for nogle af de vigtigste problemer.
The Commission, the governments of the Member States and the two sides of industry have already proposed solutions to some of the most serious problems.
Europa­Parlamen­tet afgiver i øget omfang vigtige udtalel­ser til beskæftigelses, uddannelses­ og erhvervspolitik, det opfordrer kraftigt til handling.
The European Parliament is delivering more and more major opinions on employment, education and occupational policy, admonishing and urging action.
D På denne baggrund får også arbejdet i »Det europæiske Center for udvikling af Erhvervsuddannelse« (CEDEFOP) stigen­de betydning. Kritisk indsamling af erfa­
D In these circumstances, the activities of the European Centre for the Development
D Den stive koncentration af uddannelse og dannelse på livsfasen før og ved begyndelsen af erhvervsvirksomheden er passé.
D The rigid concentration of education and training on the period of life before and at the beginning of gainful activity is out moded.
I betragtning af den tekniske forandring, der foregår hurtigere og hurtigere, er det ikke mere tilstrækkeligt at gå frem efter de
While the phases of man's life may have been relatively distinct in the past, being devoted successively to education, work and leisure, the future is more likely to
Alligevel er det generelt ubestridt, at behovet for erhvervsmæssig videreuddannelse, tilpasningen og fornyelsen af erhvervsmæssige kundskaber som følge af hyppigere skiften med hensyn til arbejdsopgaver vil tiltage.
Nonetheless, it is generally accepted that the more frequent change in the tasks per formed by workers will increase the need for in-service training, the adjustment and refreshment of occupational skills.
Både videreuddannelsen inden for virksomheden og videreuddannelsen i samfundet vil tage til i betydning.
Both in-service training provided by employers
De for voksne bestemte uddannelsestilbud må både tage hensyn til den specifikke styrke og vanskelighederne i en adressat­kreds, hvis medlemmer ofte i mange år ikke mere har haft noget at gøre med uddannel­sesvæsenet.
Many experts believe that the establishment of continuing training programmes in con­junction with the promotion of regional and local development will above all lead to a reformation and revival of the structure of regional and local economies.
Når den tekniske udvikling inden for 10 år medfører fuldstændig ændrede kvalifikationskrav, er det ikke tilstrækkeligt kun at give arbejdsta­gerne en erhvervsmæssig førstegangsud­dannelse, der så efter relativt få år i erhver­vet allerede er forældet.
With the speed of technical change increasing all the time, current training models are proving inade­quate. If technical advances lead to com­pletely different qualification requirements within 10 years, it will not be enough to provide workers with initial vocational training that is obsolete after a relatively short period of employment.
Det er nødvendigt med planmæssige, regelmæssigt fornyede kvalificeringsforanstaltninger i løbet af hele erhvervslivet.
What are needed are systematic, regularly updated training measures throughout working life.
De vil imidlertid også væsentligt lette den fremtidige uundgåelige »omlæren« af spe­cielle kundskaber.
D The regional and local context, in the shape of 'community schools' or 'local continuing training centres', for example, does indeed seem likely to produce better results, which may remedy the present weakness of continuing training:
Alle krævende virksom­heder som arbejdsplanlægning, overvåg­ning, pasning og istandsættelse får stigende betydning sammenlignet med rent manuel­le, repetitive virksomheder.
Ζ Continuing training measures should be organized to take account of the learning rhythm and specific circumstances of adults by giving preference to individual pro­grammes based on the modular system. A sabbatical year, for example, is an interest­ing way of combining continuing training with work and leisure.
Der forventes i denne forbindelse ved siden af de ovenfor nævnte »nøglekvalifikationer« flere og fle­re sociale kompetencer.
On the principle that 'on the seventh day — the Sabbath — thou shalt rest' a system whereby workers are granted a longer period of special leave after, say, seven years of service is being tried out in various places.
Den bredere orien­tering og berigelse af uddannelsen i metal­og elektroerhvervene — for tiden i nogle EF­lande — modsvarer disse krav fra prak­sis.
It also provides an opportunity to make a close study of inter­esting developments in industry, science and society, to obtain new ideas, to change direction.
D Forbedringen og diversificering af vide­reuddannelsestilbudet er en vigtig oriente­ring, som politikken på dette område, både nationalt og i Fællesskabet, bør tilstræbe. Derfor drejer det sig om
■ It enables a precise diagnosis to be made, since it is at this level that society's problems find real expression, thus enabling them to be accurately identified: unemployment, the need for changes in production lines and for retraining, illiteracy, difficulties with integration, etc.
■ at tilbyde videreuddannelsesmulighe­der, der ikke blot er en kopi af unges uddannelse, men er tilpasset de voksnes specifjkke behov;
Special efforts are needed where teaching methods are concerned: alternance train­ing, i.e. the combination of learning and practical experience, should be expanded, and such methods as distance learning which enable adults themselves to control the speed at which they learn should be widely used.
■ at udforme tilbudet således, at det mod­.svarer udviklingerne på arbejdsmarkedet.
■ In certain cases, it enables preventive action to be taken, since such problems as illiteracy are more likely to be successfully treated if they are identified in good time, before individual dramas — during econ­omic restructuring perhaps — become social tragedies.
D Videreuddannelsesforanstaltninger skal organiseres således, at der tages hensyn til indlæringsrytmen og de specifikke betingel­ser, der er gældende for voksne elever, idet man foretrækker individuelle programmer efter byggekasseprincippet.
D The institutions are generally agreed today that this local or, to use the Commu­nity jargon, 'territorial' approach to con­tinuing training will make a major contri­bution to local and regional development in the Community.
F.eks. betræ­des der med tanken om et såkaldt »sabbat­år« en interessant vej til at knytte vide­reuddannelse sammen med arbejde og fri­tid.
CEDEFOP studies have, of course, emphasized not only the impor­tance of this aspect of continuing training but also the complexity of the tasks continuing training.
Med udgangspunkt i sabbatten — »den syvende dag skal du hvile« — forsøges det allerede nogle steder at give arbejdstagerne efter f.eks. syv års erhvervsvirksomhed en længere særorlov.
Reports have been received from the various Member States on a wide range of initiatives taken in connec­tion with a policy of regionalization, some very recent, and the European Community and other international organizations (Council of Europe, OECD) have similarly
Sådan en langtidsorlov skal ikke ubetinget udnyttes til erhvervs­mæssig videreuddannelse.
Din the debate on future­oriented qualifi­cation requirements reference is constantly made to such general skills as a sense of responsibility, the ability to work as a member of a team, creativity, abstract, system­oriented thinking and the ability to learn, which the experts believe will grow in importance in the future.
D I diskussionen om fremtidsorienterede kvalifikationskrav spiller igen og igen såkaldte tværfaglige kvalifikationer en væ­sentlig rolle.
Although they cannot replace specific technical skills in later working life, they will greatly facilitate the learning of the new specialized knowledge that is bound to be needed in the future.
Det drejer sig her om generelle egenskaber, som f.eks. ansvarsbevidst­hed, evne til at arbejde i hold, kreativitet, abstrakt, systemorienteret tænkning og læreevne, der efter eksperternes mening vil have stigende betydning i fremtiden.
Such demanding activities as work plan­ning, supervision and maintenance are gain­ing in importance over purely manual, repetitive activities.
Dertil hører visselig også kvalificeringen til omgang med informationstekniske hjæl­pemidler.
In addition to the above­mentioned 'key skills', increasing emphasis is placed on social competence in this context.
Disse nøglekvalifikationer, hvor­til også regnes læse­ og udtryksevne samt saglogisk og systematisk tænkning, burde allerede intensivt formidles i skolen.
The more general approach to training in the metal­working and electrical trades — in some Member States at present — meets these practical requirements.
De kan ganske vist i det senere erhvervsliv ikke erstatte specifikke faglige kvalifikationer.
■ to organize continuing training in such a way that it corresponds to developments in the labour market.
Med tanken om et såkaldt »sabbatår« betrædes en interessant vej til at knytte videreuddannelse sammen med arbejde og fritid.
The concept of a sabbatical year already provides an interesting example of how continuing education and training can be linked with work and leisure time.
forfaldne lokale aktiviteter med ny dyna­mik. Opgaven er her både af økonomisk og af kulturel art. En politik for økonomisk genudvikling kræver foranstaltninger, der navnlig tillægger støtten til forhåndenvæ­rende små og mellemstore virksomheder (smv) og skabelsen af nye virksomheder særlig betydning.
D In vocational training, as in other areas of social life, there is no denying the benefits of a contractually based policy, under which the two sides of industry commit themselves to common objectives as an expression of free collective bargaining or their right to negotiate collective agree­ments.
Ganske vist kræver smv samarbejde med bærere af videreuddannel­se uden for virksomhederne, eller det er nødvendigt, at der dannes regionale vide­reuddannelsesorganisationer.
The trend towards shorter working " hours and increased part­time employment offers considerable scope in this respect.
Til den voksende rolle, som arbejdsmarkedets parter spiller
The importance of collective agreements which combine reductions in working hours with continuing training measures will no doubt grow rapidly in the future.
Også analfabetismen kan behandles med mere udsigt til held ved hjælp af regionale og lokale videreuddannelsesprogrammer.
Regional and local continuing education and training programmes also offer greater prospects of overcoming illiteracy.
faktisk egnet til at opnå bedre resultater, der kan afhjælpe de øjeblikkelige svagheder ved videreuddannelsen:
To pave the way for such cooperative schemes, to stimulate them and to develop them further, a Community­wide system of advising firms and demonstrating successful models — now growing in number in the Community — would undoubtedly prove beneficial.
Π Den øgede betydning, som begge arbejdsmarkedets parter tillægger den af virksomhederne organiserede og i virksom­heden eller kontorerne gennemførte vide­reuddannelse, er understreget i mange CEDEFOP­foranstaltninger.
and, seen as a whole, very unevenly distri­buted.
Der er i dag åbenbart vidtgående overensstem­melse om, at videreuddannelsen af de beskæftigede falder inden for virksomhe­dernes ansvar.
Clearly, there is general agreement today that the employers should be respon­sible for the continuing training of their employees.
Virksomheden er det sted, hvor
The firm is the place where
■ Den muliggør den nøjagtige diagnose, for på dette plan kommer samfundets pro­blemer til udtryk i hverdagen og kan præcist afdækkes: Arbejdsløshed, virksomheds­omstillings­ og omskolingsbehov, analfabe­tisme, integreringsvanskeligheder osv. ...
■ the much needed preparations for tech­nological advances and new qualification requirements must be made and preventive measures consequently initiated;
Der skal foretages særlige bestræbelser med hensyn til indlæringsmetoderne, vekselud­dannelsen, dvs. kombinationen af indlæ­ring og erhvervspraktisk erfaring skal udbygges, og de metoder skal indtage en bred plads, der — som f.eks. fjernundervis­ningen — sætter den voksne i stand til selv at styre sit indlæringstempo.
■ the alternance training model, the alter­nation of learning in schools and training centres and periods of practical work, serves its real purpose.
■ den overordentlig nødvendige forbere­delse til de teknologiske udviklinger og nye kvalifikationskrav må ske, og dermed også udgangspunktet for forebyggende foran­staltninger skal placeres;
D Agreements between leading representa­tives of employers and employees are help­ful and effective, particularly at the level of the individual plant or company.
D Det er vel ikke mere nødvendigt med en fremstilling af grundene3), der taler for en decentraliseret fremgangsmåde også i vide­
The involvement of the public institutions, which in a social and constitutional demo­cracy already have financial obligations to those directly affected, will benefit all con­cerned, especially at local and regional level.
■ vekseluddannelsesmodellen for indlæ­ring i skolerne og uddannelsescentre afveks­lende med faser af praktisk arbejde får sin fulde betydning.
involved, since the aim is to breathe new life into a generally poorly developed or, in many cases, decayed structure of local activities at a time when unemployment is high and many firms are being restructured.
■ I visse tilfælde muliggør den forebyg­gende handling, for når problemerne retti­digt afdækkes, kan de — som f.eks. an­alfabetismen — behandles med mere udsigt til held, inden der af individuelle dramer — f.eks. inden for økonomisk omstruktu­rering — tilsidst opstår samfundsmæssige tragedier.
A policy of economic redevelopment calls for measures in which particular importance is attached to support for existing small and medium­sized under­takings (SMU) and the creation of new ones. Needless to say, SMU require the cooperation of non­company continuing training bodies, or regional continuing training assocciations need to be formed.