natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
B. Sellin se i samfunds­ og arbejdslivet, for at de også selv kan have indflydelse på ovennævnte forandringsproces, finde frem til nye arbejdsmuligheder og medvirke i de demo­kratiske beslutningsprocesser.
In these circumstances, continu­ing training is seldom geared, quantitatively or qualitatively, to the interests of the working population or to economic and social regeneration, which can only be achieved with the support of those directly concerned, not against their will.
anstrengelse næppe videreuddanne sig uden for virksomheden. Ofte får de først tilbud om videreuddannelse efter omskoling, når akut arbejdsløshed truer eller allerede er indtrådt.
A greater say in in­company continuing training should thus be joined by a funding arrangement which allows both for continu­ing training organized by the firm, with due account taken of the worker's interests, and for government assistance that gives the worker the option of participating in con­tinuing training outside the firm or at inter­company level.
Denne status faldt dog i vidt omfang negativt ud:*
Continuing training thus faces a threefold challenge:
■ Trods nogle lovende tilløb i nogle med­lemsstater synes der stadig at mangle en kohærent tilbudsstruktur, der rettidigt og i tilstrækkeligt omfang kunne gå ind på de forskellige adressatgruppers forskellige in­teressessfærer og behov, dvs. der mangler den nødvendige kohærens mellem videre­uddannelse ved offentlige og private institu­tioner;
■ The social and material conditions should be created to enable adult em­ployees, women and foreign workers, espe­cially those who did not obtain a qualifica­tion recognized socially and in the labour market during their initial training, to par­ticipate in a kind of training in or outside the firm that takes account of their interests and needs.
I tider med stor arbejdsløshed aftager også tilbudene om videreuddannelse inden for virksomheden, da virksomhederne kan væl­ge i et stort arbejdskraftpotentiel; samtidig indskrænkes ofte de af arbejdsforvaltnin­gen tilbudte muligheder for efteruddannelse og omskoling, fordi der i stigende omfang skal udbetales arbejdsløshedsunderstøttelse og ­hjælp.
Special industry­wide collective agreements, leave arrangements for a cer­tain percentage of the workers in a firm, sector or region and appropriate agree­ments at company level might prove suita­ble for this purpose.
Også de offentlige budgetter forholder sig ofte restriktivt og lægger mere vægt på en konsolidering end på udnyttelse
Such arrangements might also be included in the debate on work time along with the reduction of the working week and early retirement.
■ de sociale og materielle forudsætninger til muliggøreise af ældre arbejdskræfters deltagelse i videreuddannelsestilbudene, der ganske vist som tilløb er tilstede overalt gennem lovmæssige, aftalemæssige og so­cialretlige rammebetingelser, synes ikke at være tilstrækkelige for effektivt at fungere sammen med den strukturelle forandrings­proces på arbejdsmarkedet og gennem investeringer i de pågældendes videreud­dannelse at sikre den;
The problems young people encounter when making the trasition from school to working life appear to be closely linked, inter alia, to the problems connected with the continuing training of adults.
Videre­ og voksenuddannelsen har som enhver uddannelse det mål at give menne­skene en omfattende udviklingsmulighed og ikke blot muliggøre det for dem at tilpasse sig skiftende betingelser.
The many unskilled jobs still done by adults would be very suitable for young people without any practical experience.
Den tjener også deres befrielse fra uforståede magter, tvin­gende forhold eller irrationel afhængighed.
At present, many of these jobs are blocked because the older workers do not have alternative career prospects.
Disse mål bør også enhver (erhvervsmæssig) videreuddannelse have, der er rettet mod formidling, udvidelse og fornyelse af kvali­fikationer til erhvervsvirksomhed, for er­hvervelsen af erhvervsmæssige kvalifikatio­ner kan mindre og mindre skilles fra for­midlingen af almen­ og social kompetence.
Appropriate continuing training could provide such alternatives for these workers without their having to worry about their jobs and livelihood. For their part, young people could initially take on simple work even if they had relatively good school­leaving certificates, in the know­ledge that they would not be tied to such jobs for life.
Adskillelsen af åndeligt og legemligt arbej­de, der til dels var samtidig med den indu­strielle arbejdsdeling, men dog altid var noget kunstig, bliver tvivlsom takket være den seneste udvikling i den industrielle produktionsproces og på tjenesteydelses­området.
The organization of work could thus be made more flexible to take greater account of individual interests and would not be excessively attuned to the
■ retten til og adgangen til videreuddan­nelse er for de befolkningsgrupper, der er alvorligst truet af arbejdsløshed som kvin­der, udenlandske og ældre arbejdstagere med forholdsvis ringe eller forældede kva­lifikationer, sikret i mindst omfang; ind­hold og strukturer i videreuddannelsen er næppe tilpasset deres behov og erhvervs­ og livserfaring;
Participants should also have more say in continuing training schemes to ensure that their interests and needs are considered. It is particularly important to prevent participation in con­tinuing training from being seen as a kind of sanction or resulting in a new form of marginalization for certain sections of the population.
■ videreuddannelse betragtes endnu alt for ofte som en kortsigtet tilpasning til nye fakta, former for arbejdsorganisationen, nye teknikker og arbejdspladser i stedet for som en mere omfattende investering i men­nesker med henblik på deres aktive deltagel­
Public assistance and the natu­re and scale of funding must, however, be flexible enough to cater for the different target groups. The expenses of some groups will have to be met in full because of their limited resources, others will be required to make a contribution, for which tax incen­tives should be provided.
I lider med stor arbejdsløshed aftager også tilbudene om videreuddannelse inden for virk­somheden . . .
■ Continuing training in­ and outside companies and at inter­company level should be greatly expanded and its quality improved to take account of participants' interests and needs.
Bestemte befolkningsgrupper som kvinder, udenlandske arbejdstagere, ringe kvalificerede eller fagarbejdere og ­ansatte, der er blevet mindre kvalificerede i løbet af arbejdsprocessen f.eks. gennem samle­båndsarbejde, stupidt og repetitivt delar­bejde, får næppe glæde af videreuddannel­sestilbudene.
■ Technical schools and colleges, i.e. for­mal secondary and university education, should open their doors wider to the further training of workers; new methods of linking work and learning might be devised (cf. the debate in the Community on alternance training incorporating continuing training, Cedefop, 1984).
Når alt kommer til alt, kan de i betragtning af den stigende kapitalintensitet på deres arbejdsplads både på det tekniske og også på det handelsmæssige område og dermed sammenhængende loyalitetskrav fra virksomhedernes side og med stigende arbjedsintensitet selv ved stor personlig
Given a comprehensive structure of this kind and improved social and material conditions, without which the effective par­ticipation and motivation of hitherto large­ly untouched sections of the population will be impossible, gainful and social activity might eventually result in a redefinition of paid work, in which 'unemployment' and 'full employment' no longer have a place in the traditional sense, since the continuing training of workers would be regarded as a
Rapporter kohærent videreuddannelses­ en sådan struktur.
Bibliography (Cedefop publications)
betragtes som en del af »arbejdet«, for videreuddannelse for ældre arbejdstagere er en stor anstrengelse og bør honoreres tilsva­rende.
New perspectives in continuing education and training in the European Community. Seminar report, 1983.
og indsats af offentlige midler til en fre­madskuende arbejdsmarkedspolitik.
Vocational Training, No 9, September 1982.
Delta­gelse i videreuddannelse må navnlig ikke få karakter af sanktioner eller medføre en ny form for marginalisering af bestemte be­folkningsgrupper.
Vocational Training, No 12, September 1983. Alter nance, why, for whom?
Der er tilstrækkelige arbejdsløse lærere og kandidater fra univer­siteter og højere læreanstalter, men også arbejdsløse med praktisk erfaring, som man kunne anvende i forbindelse med tilbud om
Trends in innovation in continuing education and training, 1984, 396 pages. Language: EN.
De unges problemer i forbindelse med over­gang fra skole til erhvervsliv synes at stå i snæver forbindelse med de voksnes vide­reuddannelsesproblemer.
firm's interest in making its workforce more flexible with a view to improving productivity and competitiveness but also to the individual's interest in bettering himself, which would benefit the economy as a whole.
De af voksne ofte endnu besatte kun lidet kvalificerede arbejdspladser ville være godt egnede for unge, der skal gøre deres første erhvervser­faring.
New ways of linking part-time work, short-time work or job-sharing with con tinuing training would be possible if the time gained by reducing working hours could be used meaningfully for the more comprehensive training of the individual.
For tiden er disse pladser dog ofte blokeret, fordi de ældre arbejdstagere ikke har alternative karrieremuligheder.
Not only women and weaker groups in the labour market would be interested in such work-time arrangements.
Netop dem vil man gennem videreuddannelsestil­bud kunne tilbyde sådanne alternativer, uden at de skal være bange for deres arbejdsplads og deres erhvervsmæssige eksistens. Unge på deres side kan også med relativt gode afgangsbeviser fra skolen først tage imod simpelt arbejde, for de ville være
In other words, the segmentation of the labour market into a stable core area and peripheral areas could be reduced or prevented: workers who want advancement and tend to be professionally oriented could also achieve self-realization both in and outside the firm.
■ Tilbudene både inden for virksomheden og uden for den burde væsentligt udvides og kvalitativt forbedres, idet de skulle bygge på adressaternes interesser og behov.
The Member States, the two sides of industry and, not least, the Commission of the European Communities have recognized the problem.
De offentlige og private, fagforeningsnære og arbejdsgivernære uddannelsesstruktur bur­de bedre afstemmes efter hinanden.
New initiatives are being launched to increase awareness and to explore new avenues for action.
■ Fagskolerne og universiteterne, dvs. også det formelt videregående uddannelses­væsen i sekundærområde II og på universi­tetsområdet bør i øget grad åbnes for videreuddannelse af arbejdstagere; nye for­mer for forbindelse mellem arbejde og undervisning kunne udvikles (jfr. EF­de­batten om vekseluddannelse også omfatten­de videreuddannelse, CEDEFOP, 1984).
Having conducted comparative studies for a number of years and organized several conferences, Cedefop can perhaps help to ensure a fresh start is made on a social dialogue between employees' and employers' organizations and relevant government agencies at all levels, local, regional, national and Community-wide, so that the challenges outlined may be accepted and appropriate solutions devised.
De unges problemer i forbindelse med overgang fra skole til erhvervsliv . .
Summary report on the Cedefop conference from 7 to 9 March 1984,1985,38 pages.
sådan segmentering; også de mere er hvervsorienterede arbejdstagere, der også er interesseret i forfremmelse, kunne realisere sig selv ikke blot på deres arbejdsplads, men også uden for denne.
There is a great diversity of adult vocational training in Belgium, much of it being pro vided by the public sector, although many other agencies such as employers, trade associations, unions, universities and private entrepreneurs also make a considerable contribution.
Tidsskriftet »Erhvervsuddannelse« nr. 9, september 1982, Hvor bevæger voksenuddannelsen sig hen? Sprog: DA, DE, EN, FR, IT, NL.
This article takes a critical look at recent developments as regards the two mainstays of official policy in this field:
Den vedvarende uddannelse og arbejdsmarkedet.
Formation Professionnelle des Adultes is an agency set up by the Office National de l'Emploi (ONEm) and run by an employers/union management committee.
Kortfattet rapport fra en konference arrangeret af CEDEFOP fra 7.-9. marts 1984, 1985, 38 s. Sprog: DA, DE, EN, FR, GR, IT, NL.
Since 1980, under the institutional reform law enacted on 8 August 1980, it has been under the supervision of seven national, language community and regional ministries.
Daniel De Norre til regionerne har man adskilt to opgaver, som for at kunne løses effektivt med henblik på indførelsen i arbejdet bør være helt integrerede.
Dwindling financial resources and a growing need for training: these two trends are in conflict but, since they are ineluctable, they have to be reconciled.
Erhvervsuddannelsen af de voksne i Belgien spænder meget vidt.
If they are to be reconciled, the goals must be clearly defined so that priorities can be set:
De offentlige myndigheders indsats på dette område er betydelig.
■ priority for training directly geared to the jobs market in order to satisfy employers' needs;
De tilsynsførende myndigheder synes at være blevet klar over denne situation, idet de er blevet enige om for hvert lokalsamfund-region kun at oprette én institution, der er ansvarlig både for uddannelse og for anvisning af arbejde.
■ priority for cooperation with other training agencies such as the educational system and employers.
To uadskillelige funktioner: uddannelse og anvisning af arbejde
Options that represent a departure from FPA's primary mission are being taken up, giving it new functions:
Ved at overlade erhvervsuddannelsen til lokalsamfundene og anvisningen af arbejde
Alternative solutions should be sought to the problems, especially as in any case the responsibility lies with the community.
Det er en god afgørelse. Dog er det vigtigt at sørge for, at der rent faktisk findes en vilje til at arbejde sammen og at den nødvendige sammenhæng etableres på politisk, administrativt og operationelt niveau.
■ 'training for life', based on offering general education and training to unemployed young people, those of low scholastic achievement and the long-term jobless;
Erhvervsuddannelsen af de voksne
Paid leave for educational purposes
I 1984 et budget på 3 mia 112 mio BFR, 63 uddannelsescentre, 926 lærere og næsten 30 000 kursister.
'Training will be socially effective only when it rediscovers its economic purpose, in other words when it is geared to the employer's needs.'2
Erhvervsuddannelsen af de voksne tilrettelægges af det belgiske arbejdsdirektorat (ONEm) og administreres af et paritetisk administrationsudvalg, som siden 1980 (lov af 8. 8.
■ the creation of alternative forms of employment - in training/retraining units - based on collective retraining programmes for groups of workers who have been made redundant.
Et middel til at gribe ind på arbejdsmarkedet.
The reply to this question is far from clear.
Dets funktion: smidigt og hurtigt at leve op til arbejdstagernes og virksomheder nes behov. Dets formål: fagligt.
Regarding the first point, is it really FPA's proper role to provide this kind of training?
I dag er erhvervsuddannelsen af de voksne udsat for rystelser, som gradvis ændrer dens fysiognomi: overførsel af kompetence til
In 1973, the law allowing employees to be released to accumulate 'study-hour credits' gave the (part-time) community education system a virtual monopoly in continuing education.
DANIEL DE NORRE: assisterende direktør for sammen slutningen af virksomheder i Belgien - Bruxelles.
An estimate of the results achieved by the eight units set up to date, catering for 906 workers, is: ■ individuals retrained for other jobs 31.9% (the degree to which the units have been instrumental in bringing about this result is not clear)
To uadskillelige funktioner: uddannelse og anvisning af arbejde.
Very little was done and that little was limited, piecemeal and 'just to test the water'.
Formindskelse af de finansielle ressourcer ­ Forøgelse af uddannelsesbehovene.
■ when scheduling study leave, allowance must be made for needs associated with the organization of work within a company;
To modsatrettede tendenser, som skal forenes, da de er uafværgelige.
If continuing education is to be integrated with an employer's plans, the employer must regard itself as an 'educational system' in its own right.
Det må ske ved hjælp af en klar definition af målene, og ud fra dem skal prioriteringen ske:
enthusiasm, continuing training quickly entered a 'self­destruct mode'.
■ prioritering af de uddannelser, som direkte tager sigte på arbejdsmarkedet med henblik på at sikre opfyldelsen af virksom­hedernes behov;
■ the State contributes 50% of the earnings of employees taking leave for vocational training, or 100% if the leave is for general education.
■ prioritering af samarbejdet med andre uddannelsesinstanser som f.eks. skolevæse­net og virksomhederne.
Number of beneficiaries, 1973­ 19843
På baggrund af denne hovedopgave er der flere valgmuligheder, idet voksenuddannel­sen tildeles nye funktioner: andre løsninger på disse problemer, som for øvrigt snarere er samfundets ansvar.
This is of course a technical reform but, more than that, it represents a change in policy: from now on, sector and in­company vocational training is also covered by the arrangement.
Ville det ikke være mere på sin plads, om andre instanser, som er kompetente på disse områder, blev inddraget, f.eks. undervis­ningsministeriet, som direkte har ansvaret, for så vidt angår de unge med for ringe skolekundskaber?
It is a fundamental innovation in that it could be said to return continuing training to the sphere of the employers.
Under disse omstændigheder er det natur­ligvis vanskeligt at foretage en nøje eva­luering af disse forsøg.
That system will be linked with continuing education by a series of practical measures that, taken all together, will give the employer the capacity to train and thus satisfy its personnel's training needs on a continuous basis.
Men den er uund­værlig. Det er derfor vigtigt, at der frem­skaffes utvetydige data vedrørende job­skabelse og udgifterne dertil.
The training will be technical in nature but it will also help to convey information to employees, raise issues and spark off debate in such a way as to engender a company spirit and mom­entum.5
■ funktionen skabelse af alternativ be­skæftigelse ­ grupper med henblik på uddannelse­omskoling — som bygger på kollektive omskolingsprogrammer for ar­bejdstagere, der udsættes for masseafskedi­gelser.
This educational capacity may be peculiar to one employer or shared amoung several employers, for example within a given sector of the economy or within a local community.
For det andet: er grupperne med henblik på omskoling­uddannelse troværdige?
The new system of paid leave for education will help to promote this solution.
Er de­res resultater i form af jobskabelse overbe­visende under hensyntagen til de betydelige investeringer?
This is a beginning of a shift of emphasis back to a renewed concern for the employer as the source and beneficiary of its employees' vocational abilities.
Det er meget vanskeligt at identificere det anviste arbejde og de job, som er et direkte resultat af de mange projekter, der har været ledet af disse grupper.
LEROY R., Louvain Catholic University, 'Le financement de la formation professionnelle in Belgique' ['The financing of vocational training in Belgium'], EEC, Cedefop, Berlin, August 1984. PERISSOL P.­Α., Regional Councillor for
For det første: er det egentlig voksenuddan­nelsens opgave at tage sig af denne form for uddannelse?
■ the kind of study for which applications are considered includes general education and in­company or sectoral vocational training;
I 1973 gav lovens om betalte timer næsten undervisningen med social opstigning som formål (med reduceret timeplan) monopol på den vedvarende uddannelse.
■ an employer/union board has been set up to approve training curricula;
Intet af dette er blevet gjort, eller i hvert fald kun i begrænset omfang, spredt, »som forsøg«.
'If continuing education is merely an end in itself, if it develops along its own lines regardless of what is needed at work, we are wide of the mark.
Resultatet blev, at den vedvarende uddannelse efter den temmelig store be­
Its goal is to help the company succeed.
■ individuelle ansættelser: 31,9% (årsagsforbindelsen med grupperne ikke klar)
It is of benefit only if it is totally integrated in a company's schemes.'4
Sammen med andre årsager har den manglende tilpasning af uddannelsesstrukturerne givet i høj grad bidraget hertil.
Luciano Osbat tent strategy at work in Italy, or to see any future prospects for a policy of this type.
■ statsrefusion af 50% hhv. 100% af lønnen i forbindelse med erhvervsuddannel­ser hhv. almene uddannelser.
Much greater attention is now being paid to vocational training for adults, which accounted for a very small part of the overall picture up to the end of the 1970s taking, in most cases, the form of ¡n-house training in larger concerns.
Det er en teknisk reform, men navnlig en politisk nyorientering, for så vidt som de sektor­ og virksomhedsrelaterede erhvervs­uddannelser fremover er omfattet af ord­ningen.
Consequently it is not possible to pinpoint an adult vocational training policy, i.e. an overall and consis
Det er en grundlæggende fornyelse, efter­som den på en måde giver den vedvarende uddannelse tilbage til virksomheden.
The vocational training system in the regions is still largely centred on providing young people leaving compulsory education with initial job skills.
Forbindelsesleddet mellem dette system og den vedvarende uddannelse vil fremkomme ved hjælp af konkrete foranstaltninger, som skal give virksomheden en pædagogisk kapacitet, der kan leve og til personalets uddannelsesbehov til stadighed.
Although there is no real adult vocational training system in Italy, a growing number and a wider range of training opportunities are being made available to adults.
Uddannel­se af teknisk art, men tillige videregivelse til personalet af informationer, emner og over­vejelser, som tager sigte på at sikre virksom­hedens indre liv sammenhæng og dyna­mik5).
Vocational training was defined and regulated in 1978 by the State in Law 845 ('Framework law on vocational training') which expanded on the vocational training powers transferred to the regions by parliament in 1972.
fordi det er indledningen til, at systemet igen centreres om effektiviteten i virksom­heden, som er afhængig af sine medarbej­deres faglige dygtighed.
On one hand, continuing economic developments and the far-reaching changes which these have brought about as well as the need for rapid changes in workers' occupational skills and abilities have led employers to make specific demands on the system which has also had to bear most of the cost of the training programmes requested when entire sectors of production have gone into recession.
Lov om efteruddannelse af 22. januar 1985 satte betalt orlov med henblik på uddannel­se ind i stedet for ordningen med betalte timer.
On the other hand, the different training demand from vocational training consumers has highlighted the substantial rigidity and inadequacy of a system which was very slow to react from within and make those changes which the social and economic framework was continually making necessary.
Den nye ordning med betalt orlov med henblik på uddannelse gør det muligt at realisere denne plan.
Both these factors are still at work and we are just beginning to see the initial results of closer links between vocational training and market needs and a more consistent relationship between training needs and con sumer demand.
Den tjener kun sit formål, når den er fuldstændig integreret i virksomhedens plan«4).
. . . highlighted the even more substantial increase in unemployment women in particular . . .