natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Dette sker dels gennem at sikre at virksomhederne kan få medarbejdere med de kvalifikationer som virksomheden aktuelt efterspørger, dels at sikre arbejdstagerne de kvalifikationer der efterspørges på deres nuværende arbejdsplads - eller på en virksomhed der efterspørger arbejdskraft.
This takes place through, on the one hand, ensuring that firms can obtain employees having the qualifications which are currently in demand by the firm and, on the other, securing for employees the qualifications that are in demand at their present workplace - or in a firm which has a demand for labour.
Arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne retter sig principielt mod alle i arbejdsstyrken, såvel beskæftigede som ledige, som har eller søger beskæftigelse i en branche eller et fag.
Labour market training schemes are intended, as a general rule, for everyone in the labour force, both employed and unemployed persons who have or are seeking employment within an industry or a trade.
For de kompetencegivende aktiviteters vedkommende (jf nedenfor) er der of test optagelseskrav vedrørende forudgående uddannelse, kurser og/ eller erhvervserfaring.
In the case of qualificationconferring activities (cf. below), acceptance-requirements exist regarding previous training, courses and/or occupational experience.
De kompetencegivende arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser udgør tre fjerdedele af det samlede aktivitetsomfang (målt i kursusuger) inden for arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne. serne.
Qualificationconferring labour market training schemes constitute three-quarters of the total volume of activities (measured in course-weeks) within labour market training schemes.
Arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne omfatter to hovedgrupper af aktiviteter viteter
By far the predominant activities
De helt dominerende aktiviteter er her specialarbejderuddannelser for de ufaglærte og efteruddannelse af faglærte
54 here are semi-skilled worker training courses for unskilled workers and continuing training for skilled workers
- ikke-kompetencegivende (ikke-certificerende ) aktiviteter rettet mod ledige unge (under 30 år) eller voksne, udsatte grupper (fx ufaglærte kvinder og indvandrere), som introduktion til uddannelse og arbejdsmarked.
- nonqualification (non-certifying) activities for unemployed young persons (under 30 years of age) or adult, vulnerable groups (e.g. unskilled women and immigrants) as an introduction to training and the labour market.
Der har således, i såvel arbejdsmarkedsuddannelsessystemet som helhed som inden for de enkelte aktivitetstyper i arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne, været en målsætning om et samtidigt beskæf tigelsespolitisk og erhvervspolitisk sigte.
In both the labour market training system as a whole and within the different types of activities in labour market training, there has thus been an objective aimed simultaneously at employment policy and industrial policy.
Dette har afspejlet sig i arbejdsmarkedsuddannelsernes styring (hvor arbejds-
This has been reflected in control of the labour market training schemes (where the labour market partners have considerable influence), in the target group for the schemes (unemployed and employed persons) and in content and finance.
De sidste 3 hovedgrupper er kommet til i 1985 (lov 237); de udgør et relativt begrænset omfang, og vil kun blive beskrevet i begrænset omfang i det følgende.
The last 3 main groups were added in 1985 (Law 237); they are of relatively limited size and will be described to only a limited extent below.
Opdelingen i kompetencegivende og ikke-kompetencegivende aktiviteter modificeres dog af at aktiviteter for flygtninge og LAMU-kurser både indeholder kompetencegivende og ikke-kompetencegivende aktiviteter.
However, the division into qualificationconferring and nonqualification activities is modified by the fact that activities for refugees and LAMU-courses include both qualificationconferring and nonqualification activities.
Tabel 3.1 Arbejdsmarkedsuddannelsernes samlede omfang 1987
Table 3.1 Total size of labour market training schemes in 1987
Antal uddannede personer
Number of Number of started trained coursepersons participants
Specialarbejderuddannelserne
Semi-skilled worker training courses
Efteruddannelse af faglærte
Continuing training of skilled workers
TTT Omskoling + Erhvervs forberedende uddan- nelser + LAMU
III Re-training + vocational preparatory training courses+LAMU
Teknikere og arbejdsledere
Technicians and foremen
Samlede aktivitetsomfang inden for AMU
Tota 1 volume of activity within AMU
Omskoling og erhvervsintroducerende undervisning for ledige 1987 - samt supplerende oplysninger fra AMU-Direktoratet.
Omskoling og erhvervsintroducerende undervisning for ledige 1987 - and also supplementary information from the AMU-Directorate. *) Of this number, 138 courseweeks were carried out as IDV. **) Of this number, 20 courseweeks were carried out as activity covered by income.
Kommentar: Forskellen mellem 'antal påbegyndte kursister' og 'antal uddannede kursister' hænger for specialarbejderuddannelsernes og efteruddannelsernes vedkommende sammen med
Remarks: In the case of semi-skilled worker training schemes and continuing training schemes, the difference between 'number of started course participants' and 'number of trained course participants' is connected with the modular structure of the training courses, which means that an individual person can participate in several courses within a single calendar year and thus appear several times as a course participant, whereas the difference in the introductory vocational courses is due to dropping-out during the course.
Fra 1960 (oprettelsen af specialarbejderuddannelserne) til 1983 blev arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne for 85% vedkommende statsligt finansieret (gennem skatter) via Finansloven, mens arbejdsmarkedets parter betalte 10% af udgifterne og kursisternes bopælskommune 5% (via skatter).
3.1 Financing of labour market training schemes From 1960 (establishment of semi-skilled worker training courses) to 1983, 85% of labour market training courses were financed from public funds (tax revenue) through the Budget, while the labour market partners paid 10% of the expenditure and the local or county authority for the course participants' place of residence 5% (through taxation).
Den skattefinansierede efteruddannelse af de ufaglærte (siden kom de øvrige grupper til) må ses på baggrund af Socialdemokratiets afgørende indflydelse, og på arbejdsmarkedspolitikkens centrale placering i den økonomiske politik på daværende tidspunkt.
Tax-financed continuing training of unskilled persons (the other groups have since been added) must be considered against the background of the decisive influence exerted by the Social Democratic Party and against the central position occupied by labour market policy in economic policy at that time.
Uddannelse af de ufaglærte blev således set som både en politik der sikrede de ikke-faglærte arbejdere beskæf tigelse, og som et bidrag til den generelle industrielle ud vikling.
Training of the unskilled was thus considered to be both a policy which secured employment for unskilled workers and a contribution towards general industrial development.
Siden 1983 har AUD-fonden været det finansielle grundlag for samtlige arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser.
Since 1983 the AUD-fund has been the financial basis for all labour market training.
Til fonden indbetales år ligt et beløb af samtlige lønmodtagere og arbejdsgivere (såvel inden for, som uden for arbejdsmarkedsuddannelsernes målgruppe).
A sum of money is paid annually into the fund by all workers and employers (both within and outside the labour market-training target-group).
Dette beløb fastlægges pr arbejdstime, så den samlede indbetaling modsvarer det samlede AMU-systems udgifter.
This sum is fixed per hour of work so that the total contribution equals the total expenditure of the AMU-system.
Det samlede AMU-systems udgifter fastlægges imidlertid politisk i sammenhæng med finanslovsbehandlingen, ligesom fordelingen på de enkelte programmer fastlægges her.
However, the total expenditure of the AMU-system is decided by parliament in connection with the Budget debate, as is also its apportionment between the different programmes.
Arbejdsmarkeds uddannelserne fremstår således i Finansloven som både en ind tægt og en udgift.
Budget as both an income and an expenditure item.
Den finansielle konstruktion 'AUD-fonden' vedrører således kun de finansielle aspekter af AMU-uddannel-sérne, men hverken målgruppe, omfang, indhold eller styring, der stadig i væsentligt omfang foregår via arbejdsmarkedets parter som før 1983.
The financial system known as the 'AUD-fund' thus concerns only the financial aspects of AMU-training, but neither target group, volume, content nor control, which to a substantial degree are still handled through the labour market partners, as before 1983.
Administrationen af AMU-uddannelserne foregår i AMU-Direktoratet under Arbejdsministeriet.
Administration of AMU training schemes takes place in the AMU-Directorate under the Ministry of Labour.
De styringsmæssige forhold er nærmere beskrevet i CEDEFOP-rap-porten 'Arbejdsmarkedets parters rolle i ungdoms- og voksenuddannelserne', 1987.
Matters relating to control are described in detail in the CEDEFOP-report 'Arbejdsmarkedets parters rolle i ungdomsog voksenuddannelserne', 1987.
De samlede bidrag til AUD-fonden fremgår af tabel 3.2:
The total contribution to the AUD-fund is given in table 3.2:
Kommentar: Opgørelsen er baseret på løbende priser.
Remarks: The figures are based upon current prices.
Opgørelserne 1985-1987 er regnskabstal mens 1988 er bud gettal .
The figures for 1985-1987 are accounting figures, whereas 1988 is a budget figure.
Opgørelsen omfatter driftsomkostninger, kursusgodtgørelse samt central administration, men ikke be fordringsgodtgørelse samt bygge- og anlægsomkostninger .
The figures cover operating costs, course remuneration and central administration, but not travel allowance and building/construction costs.
Tabellen er baseret på oplysninger fra AMU-Direkto-ratet.
The table is based upon information from the AMU-Directorate .
Deltagere i de kompetencegivende arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser over 18 år opnår en lønkompensation der svarer til den høje ste dagpengesats ved arbejdsløshed.
Participants in the qualificationconferring labour market training courses who are over 18 years of age receive wage compensation equal to the maximum daily unemployment benefit.
For deltagere der er be skæftiget før kursusdeltagelse, er der mulighed for at opnå en lønkompensation på op til 125% af højeste dagpengesats; le dige deltagere i de kompetencegivende arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser opnår en lønkompensation der svarer til højeste dagpenge sats.
For participants who were in employment prior to taking a course, it is possible to receive wage compensation up to 125% of the maximum daily benefit. Unemployed participants in qualificationconferring labour market training schemes receive wage compensation equal to the maximum daily benefit.
Gennem de senere år er dagpengesatsen dog faldet relativt i forhold til de gennemsnitlige lønninger, så uddannelsesgodtgørelsen udgør - specielt for de højest lønnede blandt de beskæftigede deltagere - ikke en reel erstatning for tabt arbejdsfortjeneste.
In recent years, however, daily benefit has decreased relatively in comparison with average wages; consequently, training remuneration is not fair compensation for lost earnings - particularly for the highest-paid among the employed participants.
For de ikke-kompetencegivende aktiviteters vedkommende er dagpengeberettigede kursusdeltagere berettiget til dagpenge under kursusforløbet, mens ikke-dagpenge berettigede deltagere fortsat kan oppebære sociale ydelser (bistandshjælp).
Regarding nonqualification activities, the course participant who is entitled to compensation is entitled to it during the course, whereas the participant who is not can still receive social security benefit.
Under kursusdeltagelse for deltagere over 18 år i foranstaltninger for unge er der adgang til en mindre kursusgodtgørelse, som motiverende supplement til de sociale ydelser.
During course participation for participants over 18 years of age in youth schemes, a small course-remuneration is obtainable, as a motivating addition to social security benefit.
For uddannelsesforløb der omfatter såvel kompetencegivende som ikke-kompetencegivende forløb (LAMU-kurser), følger godtgørelse
For training courses with both qualificationconferring and nonqualification training (LAMU-courses), remuneration is according to the particular types of instruction given, with the result that participants receive varying remuneration during the course.
Fordelingen af de samlede midler på henholdsvis kompetence­givende og ikke­kompetencegivende aktiviteter ­ og på direkte uddannelsesomkostninger og indirekte uddannelsesomkostninger fremgår af tabel 3.3.
Apportionment of the total funds between qualificationconferring and nonqualification activities, respectively, and between direct training costs and indirect training costs, can be seen from table 3.3.
Godtgørelse til ikke­kompetencegivende forløb
Central administration and co-ordination Operation of qualificationconferring courses Wage compensation for participants on quali fi cationconferring courses Operation of nonqualification activity Remuneration for nonqualification courses
1) Til disse aktiviteter er medregnet forløb der indeholder såvel kompetencegivende som ikke­kompetencegivende forløb.
1) These activities include schemes which include both qualificationconferring and nonqualification courses.
Disse aktiviteter udgør 1/3 af de angivne 12%.
These activities represent one-third of the stated 12%.
Kommentar : Tabellen er beregnet på basis af oplysninger fra AMU­direktoratet. Procentbasis er opgjort i forhold til samtlige udgifter bortset fra befordringsgodt­gørelse og bygge­ og anlægsudgifter.
Remarks: The table is calculated on the basis information from the AMU-Directorate. percentage basis is stated relative to expenditure except travel allowances building/construction expenditure.
Specialarbejderuddannelsen er den største enkeltaktivitet under arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne og omfattede i 1987 ialt 63.461 personer.
3.2 Semi-skilled worker training schemes Semi-skilled worker training is the biggest single activity among labour market training schemes and in 1987 embraced a total of 63,461 persons.
Specialarbejderuddannelsen for de ufaglærte der begyndte i 1960 med ca 2.000 kursister årligt er hermed den ældste af arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne.
The training scheme for the unskilled which started in 1960, with about 2,200 course participants annually, is the oldest of the labour market training schemes.
Oprettelsen kan blandt andet ses som led i den strukturelle tilpasning af arbejdskraften til den industrielle produktionsform.
Its establishment can be regarded as, among other things, part of the structural adaptation of the labour force to the industrial form of production.
Formålet for specialarbejderuddannelsen har været en egentlig erhvervsrettet voksen/efteruddannelse, der skulle give ikke­faglærte en grundlæggende industriel kvalificering inden for et eksisterende beskæftigelsesområde.
The object of semi-skilled worker training was actually vocationally-orientated adult/continuing training intended to provide unskilled workers with a basic industrial qualification within an existing area of employment.
Målgruppen for aktiviteterne er således ledige og beskæftigede, primært ufaglærte.
The target group for the activities is thus unemployed and employed persons, primarily unskilled.
I praksis administreres optagelse af kursister således at beskæftigede ansøgere optages først, dernæst ansøgere med tilsagn om beskæftigelse, og sidst de ledige.
In practice, the admission of course participants is administered with employed applicants being accepted first, then applicants with promised employment and, lastly, the unemployed.
I 1987 var en fjerdedel af samtlige kursister ledige både før og efter kursusdeltagelse.
In 1987 one-quarter of all course participants were unemployed both before and after course participation.
Inden for brancher hvor ansøgertallet er væsentlig større end antallet af kursuspladser, kan det dog være vanskeligt for ledige at blive optaget på kurser.
However, within trades and industries where the number of applicants is much higher than the number of course places it can be difficult for unemployed persons to be admitted to courses.
Beskæftigelsesmæssig status for kursister på specialarbejderkurserne, 1987.
Employment status for participants in semi-skilled worker training courses, 1987
60% af kursisterne er beskæftiget før og efter Kursus *) 8% af kursisterne er ikke beskæftiget før, men efter *) 6% af kursisterne er beskæftiget før, men ikke efter 26% af kursisterne er hverken beskæftiget før eller efter
60% of the participants are employed before and after the course *) 8% of the participants are not employed before, but after*) 6% of the participants are employed before, but not after 26% of the participants are employed neither before nor after
*) Kommentar: Oplysninger vedrørende beskæftigelse indhentes hos kursisten på 1. kursusdag og vedrører alene hvorvidt kursisten har tilsagn om beskæftigelse efter gennemført kursus.
*) Remarks: Information concerning employment is gathered from the course participants on the first day of the course and relates only to whether the participants have been promised employment after the course.
Knapt en trediedel af deltagerne i specialarbejderuddannelserne er kvinder, hvilket fremgår af tabel 3.5.
Just under one-third of the participants in semi-skilled worker courses are women, as can be seen from table 3.5.
Påbegyndte kursister på specialarbejderuddannelserne, 1987, fordelt på køn og alder.
Table 3.5 Participants started on semi-skilled courses, 1987, by sex and age.
Talt
Men
Kilde: Beregnet på basis af 'Uddannelse af specialarbejdere', Statistik 1987. AMU-Direktoratet.
Source: Calculated on the basis of training of semi-skilled workers, Statistik 1987.
53% af kursisterne på specialarbejderuddannelsen er under 30 år.
53% of the participants on the semi-skilled worker course are under 30 years of age.
28% af samtlige kursister har forud for kursusdeltagelse tidligere gennemført en faglig uddannelse.
28% of the total number of participants have had occupational training prior to the course.
Af disse har en trediedel, svarende til 10% af samtlige kursister, tidligere gennemført en egentlig (3-4 årig) erhvervsuddannelse inden for den samme branche.
Of these, one-third - representing 10% of all participants - have previously undergone actual (3-4 years) vocational training within the same trade or industry.
Indholdet.
Content.
Specialarbejderuddannelserne udbydes inden for 23 forskellige brancheområder, hvor der beskæftiges ufaglærte.
Semi-skilled worker training courses are offered within 23 different areas of trade and industry in which unskilled workers are employed.
Hovedparten af aktiviteterne sker dog inden for et begrænset antal brancher hvilket fremgår af tabel 3.6.
However, the bulk of the activities take place within a limited number of sectors, as will be seen from table 3.6.
Kursisternes fordeling på forskellige brancheområder og køn Procent
Table 3.6 Distribution of course participants industries, by sex. In per cent
Metal Landtransport Bygge/Anlæg Rengøring Beklædning Øvrige brancher
Land transport Building/construetion Cleaning Clothing Other industries
Kilde: Beregnet på basis af: Uddannelse af specialarbejdere. Statistik 1987. AMU­direktoratet.
Source: Calculated on the basis of: Uddannelse af specialarbejdere.
Uddannelsernes institutionelle miljø.
Institutional setting for the training courses.
Specialarbejderuddan­nelserne foregår på særlige skoler, der udelukkende varetager uddannelse af specialarbejdere (og eventuelt erhvervsintro­ducerende foranstaltninger for ledige).
Semi-skilled worker courses take place at special schools which provide only training of semi-skilled workers (and, where necessary, introductory vocational schemes for unemployed persons).
Undervisningen foregår dels på 18 såkaldt selvejende specialarbejderskoler, geogra­fisk fordelt i hele landet ­ og dels på 5 statsskoler, der of­test er kostskoler hvor eleverne bor under kursusdeltagelsen.
The instruction takes place at 28 so-called 'self-owning' semi-skilled worker schools, located all over the country, and also at 6 state schools, which are usually boarding schools at which the students live while attending the courses.
Specialarbejderuddannelserne er modulopbyggede kur­ser inden for de ehkelte brancher.
Semi-skilled worker courses are courses modular in structure within the different industries.
Inden for de fleste bran­cher findes grundlæggende, fagligt brede kurser af 4­5 ugers varighed, der kan suppleres med videregående kurser af oftest 1­2 ugers varighed.
Within most industries there are basic courses covering a wide range of subjects and lasting 45 weeks, which can be supplemented with further training courses usually of 12 weeks' duration.
Efter afslutningen af det enkelte kursus er det muligt at fortsætte på efterfølgende kurser.
After the individual course has ended, it is possible to continue on following courses and thereby obtain, within some industrial sectors, training of up to two years' duration.
I 1987 var det dog under halvdelen af samtlige kursusdeltagere der deltog i mere end to ugers = 80 timers uddannelse.
However, in 1987 less than one-half of all course participants took part in more than two weeks (80 hours) of training.
Det er karakteristisk for specialarbejderuddannelsen ­ og for arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne som helhed, ­ at kurserne formid­les som dagundervisning i koncentrerede kursusforløb med 39 timers ugentlig undervisning.
It is typical for semi-skilled worker training - and for labour market training schemes as a whole - that the courses are provided as daytime instruction in concentrated form with 40 hours of instruction a week.
Deltagelse i specialarbejderud­dannelserne sker således altid alternerende med beskæftigelse eller ledighed, og aldrig sideløbende hermed.
Participation in semi-skilled training is therefore always alternating with employment or unemployment, and never concurrent with it.
Som tidligere nævnt er specialarbej­
As mentioned earlier, semi-skilled worker training is financed through the AUD-fund, to which all workers and firms on the labour market contribute.
46 deruddannelserne finansieret via AUD-fonden, hvortil der bidrages fra samtlige lønmodtagere og virksomheder på arbejds markedet .
The object of continuing training of skilled workers is to provide participants who have prior skilled training with updating of their training to the current standard and to provide further training for new or specialized duties.
Omlægningen af det finansielle grundlag for arbejdsmarkedsuddannelserne, herunder specialarbejderuddannelserne, har kun haft begrænset indflydelse på den indholdsmæsige styring af uddannelserne, som stadig i betydeligt omfang varetages af arbejdsmarkedets parter, igennem dels Uddannelsesrådet for specialarbejdere og dels de såkaldte brancheudvalg - et for hver branche, i alt 23.
The target group is thus employed and unemployed personswith basic training in a trade, in accordance with the same priority-ranking for acceptance as that described for semi-skilled workers.
For de selvejende specialarbejderskolers vedkommende er derudover nedsat en lokal bestyrelse, med repræsentanter fra arbejdsmarkedets parter, og offentlige in stanser .
In 1987, 28.8% of all course participants were unemployed both before and after participating in a course.
3.3 Efteruddannelse af faglærte
Table 3.7 Employment status for started course participants in continuing training of skilled workers, 1987.
Efteruddannelse af faglærte begyndte lidt senere end specialarbe jderuddannelserne, nemlig i 1965.
59% of the course participants are employed both before and after the course
Målgruppen er således beskæftigede og ledige med en grundlæggende erhvervsfaglig uddannelse, efter samme optagelsesprioritering som beskrevet for specialarbejdere.
5% of the course participants are employed before the course, but not after 29% of the course participants are unemployed both before and after the course.