natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Vekseluddannelsesforanstaltninger­ne skal aftales i det enkelte tilfælde; det er forudsætningen for, at begge parter kan finde deres fordel deri.
enriching the content of his or her teaching by taking advantage of this proximity to the workplace. The employer has to reconcile the educa­tional function with a new policy for the management of human resources, for example.
Idéen om vekseluddannelsen, ar­bejdsgivernes andel i erhvervsud­dannelsen og den regionale styring af uddannelsen er det, der mest har in­spireret os.
Alternance training has to be negotiated in each individual case. Only if this is done can the arrangement be to the mutual advantage of both parties.
Regeringen støtter disse bestræbelser og har moderniseret lærlin­geuddannelsessystemet.
On the other side of the Rhine, in Ger­many, there are at least five times more apprentices than in France.
Hvad er grunde­ne til denne »genfødelse« af lærlingeud­dannelsen?
Has the ex­ample set by your German neighbours had any influence on the modernization of apprenticeship in France?
N år man vælger uddannelse, bør man i hvert fald delvis gøre valget afhæn­gigt af, hvad man har lyst til.
To some extent at least, the choice of the subject one studies should depend on what the individual enjoys doing; however the opportunities in later life for actually using what one has learn­ed should not be completely left out of consideration.
Men mu­lighederne for hvad man senere kan bruge uddannelsen til må ikke træde helt ¡baggrunden.
University studies will increasingly only be of value if they also lead to a really good command of a language.
En uddannelse vili stigende grad kun være noget værd, narden også indebærer, at man virke­lig lærer et andet sprog.
Another factor on which succes ν at university and in employment depends is willingness not to adjust but to get to the bottom of things.
Derfor bør man tage til udlandet i en del af studie­tiden.
Yes it has, we have been inspired by the example of our German neighbours when it comes to appren­ticeship.
En anden afgørende faktor for at opnå gode resultater både mens man uddanner sig og senere i arbejds­livet er, at man ikke blot tilpasser sig men trænger til bunds i tingene.
More precisely, I would say that it is the spirit, rather than the let­ter of Germany's dual system which has inspired us.
Det franske parlament vedtog gans­ke rigtigt i juli 1987 en ny lærlingeud­dannelseslov.
In 1987 the French Chambers of Com­merce and Chambers of Crafts launched a nationwide campaign to promote ap­prenticeship and improve its image in the eyes of the French, attract more young people to this type of training and per­suade more firms to offer appren­ticeships.
Som De sagde, er det formålet med denne lov at højne lærlingeuddan­nelsens anseelse og at gøre den til en »rigtig« uddannelse med den deraf følgende anerkendelse.
As you point out, the purpose of the law was to modernize and upgrade the image of apprenticeship, making it a training route in its own right with recognition as such.
Jeg vil dog henlede Deres opmærk­somhed på problemerne i forbindel­se med systemets omsætning.
I would, however, draw your atten­tion to the problems of 'translation' !
Selv om det franske lærlingeuddannelses­system minder om det tyske, bør man kun sammenligne ting, der er sammenlignelige.
Even though the French appren­ticeship system is the one closest to the German 'dual' system, one should not compare things unless they are really comparable.
Man kan ikke sammenligne 240 000 franske lær­linge med Tysklands 1,7 millioner.
One cannot compare the 240 000 French apprentices with the 1.7 million Ger­man apprentices.
Det tyske system omfatter nemlig alt det, der i Frankrig går under beteg­nelsen teknisk og erhvervsmæssig uddannelse. Ud over lærlingene skal medregnes eleverne på fagskoler og tekniske skoler, som i Frankrig sorterer under Undervisningsmini­steriet.
Germany's dual system embraces what we in France call technical and vocational educa­tion as a whole.
Først da kan man reelt sammenligne landenes elevtal.
This makes the numbers com­parable, and in fact they are equivalent.
Undervisningsmi­nisteriets uddannelser omfatter som sagt i stigende grad vekseluddannel­sesfaser.
The channels of training for which the Ministry of Education is responsible are increasingly in­cluding alternating training elements.
uddannelsesbehov er bedre at tilpas­se end at revolutionere.
■ A growing awareness that, faced with today's enormous 'needs, it is better to adapt than disrupt when it comes to education.
Det er bedre at lave en overbygning på et solidt og gennemprøvet system end at udvikle noget nyt.
It is better to build on a system that is known to be solid and properly tested than to develop a completely new system.
Til trods for lærlingesystemets svag­heder har det den fordel at være et velkendt system såvel blandt det bre­de publikum som blandt arbejds­giverne.
Apprenticeship, despite its short­i'o m minos, had another advantage — it is a training system familiar to many families and employers.
Alle disse lovgivningsmæssi­ge og finansielle foranstaltninger havde til formål at forbedre uddan­nelsens kvalitet, ikke mindst ved for­bedring af undervisernes kvalifika­tioner.
The purpose of all this legislation and financial backing was to raise the quality of the training im­parted, especially by improving trainers' qualifications.
Et andet vigtigt element i ny­ordningen er muligheden for nu at blive uddannet til mellemtekniker.
Another im­portant factor in the reform has been that young people in apprenticeship can now work for diplomas as qualified technicians, a measure that should add to the value of this type of training in the eyes of large com­panies.
Det skulle gøre de store virksomhe­der mere interessede i denne uddan­nelsesform.
It is in this broader sense that we have been influenced by the German system.
Kvaliteten af den uddannelse, der gives på en virksomhed, svarer til virksomhe­dens kvalitet.
The quality of training in a company reflects the quality of the company im­parting this training.
På franske virksomheder er der ingen tradition for erhvervsmæssig grunduddannelse, som hovedsagelig fo­regår pá skoler.
In French com­panies, there is no tradition of inital voca­tional training, which basically takes place in the school.
Hvordan forberedes virk­somhederne til deres nye uddannelsesrol­le, og hvordan motiveres de?
How shall employers be prepared for their new role as trainers and how can they be motivated to take on this role?
Uden på nogen måde at reklamere vil jeg sige, at den franske filial af den tyske Nixdorf­koncern, der fremstil­ler databehandlingsudstyr, hurtigt indså den nye ordnings fordele og oprettede kursusafdelinger i samar­bejde med et handels­ og industri­kammer i Paris' omegn. Det er mit håb, at store franske virksomheder vil følge dette eksempel.
Without wanting to advertise any firm in particular, I should never­theless like to point out that Nixdorf­France, a subsidiary of the leading German computer group, im­mediately perceived the value of this law and set up apprenticeship sec­tions in cooperation with a Chamber of Commerce in the region of Ver­sailles.
Også vi har en tradition for samar­bejde mellem undervisnings­ og er­hvervskredse, og den har antaget mange forskellige former.
The situation in France is not so cut and dried as you seem to imply!
Der er mange grunde til, at lærlin­geuddannelsen er genopstået.
There are many reasons for this revival in apprenticeship.
De tre vigtigste er efter min opfattelse:
I can iden­tify three main reasons:
■ Endelig tror jeg, at den væsentlig­ste grund er den interesse, som amter og kommuner har vist lærlingeud­dannelsen.
■ Finally — and I believe this is the main reason — there is the interest shown by local authorities in ap­prenticeship.
Som bekendt påbegynd­tes der i 1983 en omfattende decen­tralisering i Frankrig, og efter­ og vi­dereuddannelsen samt lærlingeud­dannelsen var netop et af de første områder, der henlagdes til regioner­ne.
You no doubt know that since 1983 France has been go­ing through a period of major reform in matters of decentralization.
Bourgogne bør ikke kun være kendt for sin vin; regionen fort­jener også at blive kendt for sin mo­dernisering af lærlingeuddannelsen.
Con­tinuing vocational training and ap­prenticeship were among the first systems to be decentralized to regional level.
■ At man har fået øjnene op for ef­fektiviteten af et uddannelsessy­stem, der til trods for sine mangler har bestået sin prøve i årenes løb.
There are now 26 Regional Councils in France, elected by universal suffrage since 1984 with extended responsibilities.
■ At man har fået øjnene op for, at det i betragtning af tidens kolossale
I myself am an elected member of the Regional Council for Burgundy, and I have always been keenly interested
I Tyskland er der mindst fem gange så mange lærlinge som i Frankrig. Har det
We have a very real tradition of cooperation between the world of
Erhvervsuddannclsc 1/1989
Vocational training 1/1989
seme og deltagelsen i bedømmelses­udvalgene.
^ ί education and trade and industry, and this has taken and still takes many forms.
Staten bidrager til dette samarbejde f.eks. i form af skattemæssige til­skyndelser og uddannelse af lici­ti an nere.
have just been discussing. New schemes are launched every day: the twinning of secondary schools and local companies, the provision of all kinds of work experience shemes, etc.
Hidtil er kombinationen af erhvervsud­dannelse og almen uddannelse ikke reelt gennemført i nogen medlemsstat.
They are looking for young workers suitably trained for a job, of course, but also for young people who can adapt to changing trends in jobs in the longer term.
Denne dobbeltkvalifikation findes faktisk kun i forbindelse med nogle modelforsøg.
To have 'adapted' is no longer sufficient nowadays, one also has to be 'adaptable'.
Har denne integra­tion efter Deres opfattelse en fremtid i Frankrig?
The in troduction of vocational bac calaureates, for examples, is in fact one response to this new type of question.
Hvis De i dag skulle give Deres børn (eller andre unge) et godt råd om at begynde på en bestemt uddannelse eller blive udlært i et fag, hvad ville De så anbefale dem?
If you had to advise your children (or other young people) to train for an occupation, what would you recommend?
I Frankrig sker der også store forandrin­ger inden for den erhvervsuddannelse, der gives på skoler. Ca.
Even so, I freely admit that we still have a great deal to do.
Disse 8 900 ele­ver kom ikke fra almindelige gymnasier, men fra tekniske skoler, fagskoler samt efter­ og videreuddannelsesinstitutioner. Hvad mener De om denne udvikling?
But the main thing has been achieved: nowadays no one questions the employer's role as a trainer and the employer has gradually become aware of his or her responsibilities in matters of education.
»Baccalauréat« i erhvervsfag giver, som alle andre former for studenter­eksamen, adgang til højere under­visning, selv om det i første række er erhvervsrettet.
The State is backing these efforts towards collaboration by, for exam­ple, offering tax incentives or pro­viding training for instructors.
Men en modernise­ring af uddannelserne er faktisk et af de store spørgsmål for fremtiden.
Up to now, the concept of integrating vocational training with general educa tion has not really been put into practice in any European Community Member State.
De europæiske uddannelsesordninger står over for en lang række krav.
This dual qualification is offered only by projects that are in the form of pilot schemes.
■ Vi ønsker at gennemføre en væ­sentlig højnelse af alle franskmænds uddannelsesniveau.
Italy may be an exception, in that people with a vocational educa tion diploma automatically have access to higher education.
Det er en er­
Is this form of in tegration likely to happen in France, in your opinion?
Jeg tror ikke, det er nogen god idé at rådgive unge mennesker for dogma­tisk om uddannelse til bestemte fag.
I don't think it is useful to advise young people too dogmatically on training for specific occupations.
At kunne læse, skrive og regne og kunne arbejde med edb kombineret med en kritisk indstilling til indlæring og problemløsning er helt væsentlige byggeklodser i forbindelse med alle unges karriere.
Generic literacy, numeracy and com­puter skills together with a disciplined approach to learning and problemsolving are critical career building blocks for all young people.
Uddannelse med hen­blik på et bestemt fag har i den sam­menhæng hovedsagelig betydning for overgangen fra uddannelse til arbej­de, men er måske langt mindre væ­sentligfor en persons karriereforløb som helhed.
Occupa­tion-specific training in that context is mainly important in the education-to-work transition but may be very much less important in terms of a per­son's lifetime career.
Det forhold, at en er­hvervsmæssig uddannelse kan føre til et eksamensbevis med betegnel­sen »baccalauréat«, giver erhvervs­uddannelsen adelsbrev.
The vocational baccalaureate, like all other types of baccalaureate, gives access to higher education, even though in practice it is more directly 'job-oriented'.
Hvis De i dag skulle give Deres børn (eller andre unge) et godt råd om at begynde på en bestemt uddannelse eller blive oplært i et fag, hvad ville De så anbefale dem?
Schoolbased vocational training is also undergoing major changes in France. About 441 000 young people sat for their baccalaureate this year, 8 900 of these in vocational streams.
Jeg ville først og fremmest råde dem til at skaffe sig grundlæggende kund­skaber — ikke mindst på edb­området.
If you had to advise your children (or other young people) to train for an occupation, what would you recommend?
Niall Greene var di­rektør for The Youth Employ­ment Agency i Ir­land fra 1982 til 1985 og formand for bestyrelsen fra 1985­1986. Fra 1984 til 1986 var han formand for be­styrelsen for AnCo — the Irish Indu­strial Training Authority.
Niall Greene was Chief Executive of the Youth Employ­ment Agency in Ireland from 1982 to 1985 and Chair­man of its Board in 1985/86.
Den franske stat samarbejder med han­dels­, industri­ og håndværkskamre om en kampagne, der skal fremme de mere erhvervsorienterede, mere praktisk beto­nede uddannelser.
First I would advise them to make sure that they have the basic intellectual skills, above all in their reading and in computer literacy.
Samtidig tilskynder virksomhederne deres ansatte til at forbe­rede sig til »baccalauréat« i erhvervsfag.
I feel it is very positive. You are no doubt aware of the prestige attached to the baccalaureate in France.
Vil det ikke være mere logisk at udvikle uddannelser, der integrerer de to uddannelsesformer og fører til et på én gang praktisk og alment kvalifika­tionsbevis?
The fact, moreover, that you can work for this diploma through different routes, including apprenticeship and continuing vocational training, also provides a higher degree of social recognition for these new channels of training.
Mon ikke tiden er inde til at sætte sig ud over denne modsætning mellem almen og erhvervsmæssig ud­dannelse?
Then I would advise them to opt for a course that offers the broadest, the most multi-skilled training, since this is what employers of the future will look for first; specific training will servefor an average of at most seven years and will be acquired at the workplace.
Hvad søger virksomhederne i dag?
By the year 2000, a university educa tion will be required for over a third of jobs. '
Endelig ville jeg råde unge, der har de nødvendige evner og forudsætninger, til at søge højere uddannelse, da en så­dan i år 2000 vil kræves til over en tredjedel afalle stillinger.
As examples, I would cite the con­cept of diplomas and the updating of these diplomas, the elaboration of general guidelines for vocational training courses and representation on examining boards.
C & professor, medlem af International Academy of Educa­tion og Academia Europea. Men der er endnu meget at gøre, det er jeg den første til at erkende.
The world of agricultural training has a long-standing tradition of alternance training.
De søger unge med en uddannelse, der selvfølgelig skal svare til en be­skæftigelse, men disse unge skal og­så med tiden være i stand til at tilpas­se sig arbejdets udvikling. Det er ik­ke nok at være »tilpasset« i øjeblik­ket, man skal også være »tilpasningsdygtig« i fremtiden.
I wonder whether the time has not now come to discard this idea of the conflict between general education and vocational training.
Ζ Ξ ungt menneske skal have et aner­kendt bevis på sin uddannelse.
In the longer term, a new sector specifically producing training aids is expected to develop.
End­videre vil vi gøre en stor indsats for at forbedre ud dun nemes uddannelse.
Since training needs are so enormous, both at in­dividual and at company level, this in­dustry should not take long to become profitable.
fremme disse redskaber og deres an­vendelse.
■ Finally, the development of in­company training.
Vore mål er i vidt omfang sammenfaldende med EF­program­met COMETT om nye tekniske me­toders anvendelse inden for uddan­nelsen.
France needs to back the financial and technological modernization of its undertakings by social modernization.
hvervsmæssig nødvendighed og en moralsk forpligtelse for et demokra­tisk land.
This being so, the updating of train­ing is in fact a major issue for the future.
Den franske præsident har nøje påpeget alles ret til uddannelse.
tion Ministry and my own ministerial department, the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Vocational Train­ing, are in the vanguard of this movement.
Alle uanset alder og beskæftigelses­forhold skal med tiden have en »ud­dannelseskonto«, som kan bruges efter behov, evner og forhold.
European educational systems are faced with a multiplicity of challenges.
Deter et ambitiøst mål, som det vil tage sin tid at få gennemført.
Looking just at France, I would like to mention our basic concerns today:
Forskellige voksenuddannelsesord­ninger er også under overvejelse.
Continuing vocational training has a very important role to play in this respect.
Der er iværksat omfattende pro­grammer for langtidsledige, idet de udgør et meget skrøbeligt befolk­ningselement.
This is something in which I take a very special interest.
Da uddannel­sesbehovet er ernormt for såvel pri­vate som for virksomheder, skulle den hurtigt blive rentabel.
Based on the idea of a tax credit for research, this arrangement rewards employers who make a special effort to train their employees.
Jeg vil slutte med uddannelsen på virksomhederne. Frankrig bør led­sage sine bedrifters økonomiske og tekniske modernisering med en mo­dernisering af samfundet.
I really believe that training is an in­vestment in the future.
Men allerede nu har regeringen for 1989 truffet afgørende finansielle dispositioner til dette måls gennem­førelse. Ungdommen kommer i før­ste række.
We are essentially trying to improve existing resources, to ensure that they are adequate in number and in quality and to make them flexible and individualized.
Undervisningsministeriet og Arbejdsministeriet berøres først og fremmest deraf.
If your children (or youngsters you know) had to choose a given vocational course and a job, what would you advise?
Vi vil pri­mært forbedre de bestående ordnin­ger, sørge for, at de bliver tilstræk­kelige i antal, farden fornødne kvali­tet, bliver mere smidige og i højere grad tilpasses den enkelte. Enhvert
Major training programmes aimed at the long­term unemployed have been launched, for this is a particularly vulnerable group.
Med henblik herpå har efter­ og vi­dereuddannelsen en stor rolle at spil­le.
I have two children, aged 16 and 12.
Det påser jeg ganske nøje. Jeg skal give Dem et eksempel herpå.
I try to help them do well at school.
Min forgænger indførte en glimren­de skattemæssig tilskyndelsesord­ning.
Young or adult, jobless or in employment, everyone must be in a posistion to ac­quire training and recognition of this training at some time or other, accor­ding to his or her needs, abilities and situation.
Ordningen er inspireret af t il—
Young peo­ple will be given priority.
■ Den omfattende udbygning af ud­dannelsen, som vi gerne vil fremme, kræver også overgang til nye pæda­gogiske uddannelsesmetoder.
■ This massive development in train­ing which we hope to promote means that new methods of training will have to be implemented.
Ud­dannelsen skal individualiseres sam­tidig med en mangedobling af de pæ­dagogiske aktioners virkning.
Training should be more directed towards the in­dividual, at the same time spreading the effects of educational action even wider.
Det er bl.a. formålet med vore bestræbel­ser på udvikling af multimediaud­dannelsesredskaber.
At the age of 201 myself opted for the École nationale d'administration, whereas my father would have liked me to work for higher business studies (Hautes études commerciales).
For andet år i træk har vi udbudt skabelsen af mul­timediauddannelsesredskaber i lici­tation.
I would like my children to make their own free choice after the bac­calaureate.
Vi har været medstiftere af »PROTEE«­instituttet, som skal
But I shall put the right cards in their hands so that they can then make the right decision.
CEDEFOP er en fremtidsinve- er ingen omstændigheder træffe valget for dem.
Education and training: Convergence on learning for the 1990s?
uddannelse stering.
Let's start with three observations
Mit sidste spørgsmål er ret personligt.
In the 1980s small firms started using computers.
Hvis Deres børn eller unge mennesker i Deres bekendtskabskreds i dag skulle vælge uddannelsesretning og erhverv, hvad ville De da tilråde dem?
Many people were amazed to find these computers being run by 16 to 18-year-old school-leavers, most of whom soon became the defacto director of finance.
svarende skattemæssige fordele på forskningsområdet og skal virke an sporende for virksomheder, der gør en særlig stor indsats for deres ansat tes uddannelse.
If historians will forgive the fuzzy logic of orders of magnitude, introducing agriculture took 10 000 years, introduc ing industry took 100 years, introducing information technology will take 10 years.
Jeg foreslog for nylig regeringen at forbedre ordningen for at gøre den endnu mere tiltrækkende for virksomheder, der især sætter ind på forbedring af de lavest kvalificeredes niveau.
Information technology students graduating today from university will find that half their total knowledge is out of date in three years.
Jeg har en søn på seksten og en på tolv år.
For Europe, in a competitive global economy, this puts a huge premium on continuing education and training of em ployees.
Jeg vil gerne hjælpe dem til at få en god uddannelse, men jeg vil un-
But perhaps it should also cause us to stop and re-examine the whole nature of initial education and training.
Da jeg var tyve, valgte jeg selv For valtningshøjskolen ENA, medens min far ville have mig til at studere højere handelsvidenskab.
Moreover, the growth of the service sector puts much more emphasis on com munications, on team-work and sometimes on personal initiative.
Jeg ønsker, at mine børn efter studenter eksamen frit træffer deres valg. Men jeg vil sørge for, at de har gode kort på hånden til at kunne træffe det rette valg.
All these observations, in their separate ways, illustrate the point that technology is advancing so fast that in many fields it is impossible for a technologist to span the frontiers of knowledge across a whole subject.
Det er min faste overbevisning, at
Dr Johnston change will require several job changes in the average career.
Undervisning og uddannelse: vil der ske en fusion
CEDEFOP are we right to continue such a sharp divide between training and education in content, curriculum, methods, delivery, qualifications and administration?
Lad os først se på tre forhold
Of course, it does not have to be confined to pupils, teachers can benefit too.