natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det bemærkes at arbejdsløsheden generelt for de tre indvandrer nationer er betydeligt højere end for Danmark totalt set, og at der er markante forskelle mellem de tre indvandrernationer ind byrdes, samt at ledigheden er specielt stor for de tyrkiske kvinder.
It will be noted that unemployment is in all cases much higher for the three immigrant-nations than for Denmark as a whole and that there are marked differences between the three immigrant-nations; also that unemployment is especially high for Turkish women.
Ledigheden for unge indvandrere forekommer ifølge statistikker noget lavere end hvor tallene dækker alle aldersgrupper under ét. Dette skyldes imidlertid at langt fra alle de unge er registrerede som arbejdsløse.
According to statistics, unemployment for young immigrants is rather lower than where the figures cover all age groups; but this is due to the fact that far from all of the young persons are registered as unemployed.
FAMILIE- OG BOLIGFORHOLD
FAMILY CIRCUMSTANCES AND HOUSING
For nogle indvandrergrupper er det imod de kulturelle normer at lade piger gå i skole længere end til 12-13 årsalderen, og de kommer således i konflikt med det danske samfunds krav om ni års undervisning for alle børn.
For some groups of immigrants, to allow girls to attend school after the age of 12-13 is against their cultural principles and they therefore come into conflict with the Danish requirement of nine years of schooling for all children.
Holdningerne til drengenes uddannelse er præget af to modsatret-
The attitudes towards boys' education are characterized by two diametrically-opposed viewpoints.
- 15 - tede synspunkter: enten ser familien en fordel i at lade drenge ne uddanne sig og således få større chance for et vellønnet arbejde, eller familien er interesseret i hurtigst muligt at få dem i arbejde, så de kan bidrage til familiens økonomi - ofte med opsparing for øje, når drømmen om hjemrejse er bevaret.
Either the family considers it an advantage to allow the boys to be educated and therefore have a better chance of obtaining a well-paid job, or else the family is interested in getting them into a job as quickly as possible, so that they can contribute to the income of the family - often with a view to saving, if the dream of going home has not been abandoned.
Det typiske billede af den pakistanske indvandrerfamilie er følgende: faderen er indvandret først.
The typical picture of the Pakistani immigrant-family is as follows. The father has immigrated first.
Han arbejder hårdt og sparer penge op, så han kan betale rejsen for hustruen og børnene, som kommer nogle år senere.
22 children to join him some years later.
Moderen påtager sig arbejde udenfor hjemmet, i det mindste i begyndelsen. For de ældre piger opstår der en ganske besværlig situation idet det nu kræves at de over for de mindre børn påtager sig et ansvar som i deres hjemland, i hvert fald delvis, ville have hvilet på voksne medlemmer af storfamilien.
The mother undertakes work outside the home - initially, at least - and for the older girls a quite difficult situation now arises, in that they are now required to assume a responsibility for the smaller children which in their homeland - to some extent, at least - would have rested with adult members of the extended family.
En overvejende del af de voksne mandlige pakistanere kan kommunikere mundtligt på engelsk, og en del af dem har en langvarig skoleuddannelse bag sig. Noget tilsvarende gælder ikke kvinder ne, som derfor ofte føler sig meget isolerede.
The majority of adult male Pakistanis can communicate orally in English and some of them have years of schooling behind them.The women are not in a similar situation and they therefore often feel very isolated.
Tyrkisk familiemønster
The Turkish family pattern
En undersøgelse i Odense har givet dette billede af familiemønstret for tyrkiske indvandrere:
A study carried out in Odense revealed the following picture of the family pattern for Turkish immigrants.
Fædrene kom cirka syv år før hustruerne.
The fathers arrived about seven years before their wives.
De har i gennemsnit fire børn.
They have on average four children.
Kontakten med hjemlandet opretholdes, og de holder næsten alle ferie i Tyrkiet hvert eller hvert andet år.
Contact is maintained with the homeland and they spend almost all of their holidays in Turkey each year or every other year.
Deltagelsen i dansk samfundsliv er generelt ringe.
Generally speaking, there is little participation in Danish social life.
Der ses positivt på børnenes skolegang, herunder undervisningen i dansk.
The attitude towards the children's schooling, including instruction in the Danish language, is favourable.
Samspillet med hjemegnen er intenst, og ofte ejer familien fortsat både hus og jord i hjemlandet, og de penge de tjener i Danmark investeres i byggeforetagender i Jugoslavien.
Contact with the home-region is extremely close and the family often continues to own both a house and land in the home country.
Det er ret almindeligt at nogle af familiemedlemmerne på skift opholder sig i hjemegnen for at varetage bestemte opgaver.
The money earned in Denmark is invested in building projects in Yugoslavia and it is very common for some of the members of the family to stay in the home district,to take care of certain matters, in turn.
Familierne støtter for de flestes vedkommende børnenes skolearbejde, hvilket til dels kan skyldes at familierne ofte arbejder hen imod at kunne vende tilbage til hjemlandet, og at der fra jugoslavisk side kræves en dokumentation for den danske undervisnings omfang.
In most cases the families assist with the children's school work - which can be attributed to the fact that the families often are working towards returning to the homeland, and to the fact that the Yugoslav authorities require documentary proof of the extent of the education in Denmark.
Unge kvindelige indvandrere
Young female immigrants
En række faktorer gør situationen for de unge kvindelige indvandrere specielt vanskelig:
A number of factors make the situation particularly difficult for the young female immigrants:
Indvandrerfamilierne bor typisk først i dyre, nyere lejligheder for derefter eventuelt at flytte til kvarterer med gamle lej lig-
- they have no vocational training and, moreover, their general education is in many instances incomplete (whether they grew up in Denmark or in their home country); - owing to their cultural principles, they prefer to have training or work in which there is as little contact as possible with men.
- 17 - heder i den indre storby.
The immigrant families live typically in expensive, newer flats initially,and then perhaps move to districts with old flats in the inner city area.
I en opgørelse fra 198o over beboelsestætheden fremgår det at en fjerdedel af indvandrerfamilierne bor flere end to personer pr. rum, medens dette kun er tilfældet for én procent af det samlede antal husstande i Danmark.
A survey from 19 80 on housing density shows that onequarter of the immigrant families live more than two persons to a room, whereas this is the case for only one per cent of the total number of households in Denmark.
De allerseneste år er der tegn på at man fra officiel side er ved at erkende at indvandrerne ikke blot er "gæstearbejdere", men udgør en mere permanent del af befolkningen i Danmark, og at der således er behov for en mere systematisk behandling af indvandrerproblematikken.
In the last few years there have i > eçB signs in official quarters that they are beginning to acknowledge that immigrants are not merely 'guest workers', but constitute a more permanent part of the population in Denmark, and that there thus is a need for more systematic treatment of the problems of immigrants.
Den danske indvandrerpolitik erklæres at være en integrationspolitik, i overensstemmelse med den officielle karakteristik af EF's minoritets- og indvandrerpolitik.
25 integration, in accordance with the official description of EC-policy on minorities and immigrants.
I de seneste år er der iværksat en række forskningsarbejder over dansk som fremmedsprog.
A number of research projects on Danish as a foreign language have been started in the last few years.
Disse arbejder udmønter sig alle rede nu i uddannelsestilbud til indvandrerlærere, såvel inden for folkeskolen som inden for den almene voksenundervisning.
These projects are now already showing tangible results in the offer of training for immigrant teachers, in both the primary school and within general adult education.
Inden for det danske seminarium uddanner man nu på specielle hold indvandrere til danske folkeskolelærere, og dette kan få den dobbelte virkning i folkeskolen at mulighederne for at bevare indvandrerkultur forbedres, samtidig med at de danske børn opnår viden om - og sikkert også ændrede holdninger til -den kulturbaggrund indvandrerne bringer med sig.
In the Danish teacher-training college, immigrants are now being trained as Danish primary school teachers, in special groups, and this can have the dual effect in the primary school of improving opportunities to preserve immigrant cultures, while at the same time the Danish children gain knowledge of - and certainly also different attitudes towards - the cultural background which the immigrants bring with them.
Desværre er et karakteristisk nationalt træk hos danskere dette: "Du skal ikke tro at du er noget særligt".
Unfortunately, there is a national characteristic in the Danish make-up, which says"You must not believe that you are something special".
Det er en outreret form for ligestilling, hvor alle skal nivelleres, og hvor positive særtræk ikke må eksistere, fordi de opfattes som en trussel mod lighedsbegrebet.
This is an exaggerated form of the idea of equality in which everything must be levelled down and in which special positive features must not exist, because they are regarded as a threat to the notion of equality.
Leder af projektet: Duccio Guerra og
Project coordinator : Duccio Guerra
Sekundær undersøgelse pa grundlag af den mest relevante mest aktuelle dokumentation og statistik.
This is the second study to be undertaken as part of a project on
Undersøgelsen er gennemført i forbindelse med projektet "SITUATIONEN MED HENSYN TIL ERHVERVSUDDANNELSE AF UNGE UDLÆNDINGE I BELGIEN, FRANKRIG, DET FORENEDE KONGERIGE, DANMARK OG LUXEMBOURG".
"THE VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF YOUNG MIGRANTS IN BELGIUM, FRANCE, THE UNITED KINGDOM, DENMARK AND LUXEMBOURG". It includes the latest and most relevant documentation and statistical data on this subject.
Undersøgelsen, der gar ud fra indvandrernes og navnlig de unge indvandreres situation som helhed, analyserer problemer som overgang fra skole til erhvervsliv, manglende første­gangsuddanne l se i forbindelse med erhvervsuddannelse, arbejde og arbejdsløshed.
This study which looks at the overall situation of the immigrant population, and young immigrants in particular, analyses such problem areas as the transition from school to working life and the inadequacies of initial training with relation to the voca­tional training, employment and unemployment situation.
Det europæiske center for udvikling af Erhvervsuddannelse, Bundesallee 22, D­1000 Berlin 15, tlf. (030) 884 12­0
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Bundesallee 22, D-1000 Berlin 15, tel. : (030)884 12­0
337/75 vedtaget
The Centre was established by Regulation (EEC) N° 337/75 of the Council of the European Communities.
Centeret er oprettet ved forordning (EØF) nr af Rådet for De europæiske Fællesskaber.
All the monographies are available in the following languages : FRANCE (DE, EN, FR, IT) BELGIUM (DE, EN, FR, IT) LUXEMBOURG (DE, EN, FR, IT) UNITED KINGDOM (DE, EN, FR, IT) DENMARK (DA, DE, EN, FR)
Med samme titel er der udgivet monografier om følgende lande : FRANKRIG (sprog: DE, EN, FR, IT) BELGIEN (sprog: DE, EN, FR, IT) LUXEMBOURG (sprog: DE, EN, FR, IT) DET FORENEDE KONGERIGE (sprog: DE, EN, FR, IT) DANMARK (sprog: DA, DE, EN, FR) samt sammendrag for hvert af disse lande (sprog: DA, DE, EN, FR, IT, NL)
The synthesis reports for each of the countries are available in DA, DE, EN, FR, IT, NL .
De fremførte meninger er ikke nødvendigvis identiske med CEDEFOP ' s opfattelse.
The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect those of CEDEFOP.
DE OG VI
THEM AND US
Præsident MITTERAND udtalte: "Uden at nå tidligere tiders omfang overlever racismen hos os som et blodigt spor"; han misbilligede fremmedhadet, der navnlig rettes mod de dårligst stillede udlændinge.
According to a statement of President Mitterand, "without reaching the scale we haveknown in the recent past, the blood stains of racism have survived in our country"; he spoke out against xenophobia, addressed above all to the most disadvantaged group of foreigners.
Således føjes den sociale ulighed til racismen.
Social injustice is added to racism.
Herefter sagde han: "At lade de indvandrere, som har boet i Frankrig en vis tid, få del i den lokale forvaltning, således at de har rettigheder, der svarer til borgernes i spørgsmål, der vedrører deres tilværelse, synes mig at være et fundamentalt krav, som bør imødekommes.
He then states: "The participation of immigrants - those who have been in France for a certain length of time - in local administration/in order that they may avail themselves of rights which correspond to those of French citizens, seeing as their lives are affected by them, appears to me to be a fundamental demand which must be met.
Men regeringen (...) bør tillige tage hensyn til sæd og skik".
However, the government (...) must also take into account existing customs".
Men selv om indslusningen af de unge, som ikke vil vide af den myte om en tilbagevenden, som deres forældres generation klamrer sig til, sker via stemmeretten, er den ikke den eneste faktor.
However, the integration of young people, few of whom adhere to the myth of a return home, as upheld Joy the generation of their parents, can only be achieved through the right to vote, if at all.
Problemet er desværre mere omfattende.
Unfortunately, the problem is much greater.
Døtre og sønner af en ind vandring, der er knyttet til vor vækst, bliver unge og voksne trods deres handicap og trods krisen.
Children born in an immigration process linked with economic growth are becoming adolescents and adults with many handicaps, and in addition are faced with a period of crisis.
Der er ikke tale om uddrag, som - i lighed med pulverkaffe tilsat varmt vand - gengiver alle skriftlige arbejder, vidnesbyrd og undersøgelser, der er fremkommet som et resultat heraf, men simpelt hen om en indfaldsvinkel, som ud over detaljer, tal og den oprindelige plan kan fremdrage de vigtigste problemer vedrørende den anden generation. Der er heller ikke tale om - skulle det være nødvendigt at sige det - en forkortet gengivelse af disse unges dagligdag.
It is not a condensation of all the documents, interviews and results of the final study, but simply an overview which does not go into detailed facts and figures, but is intended as an indicator of the most important problems facing this second generation.
Af de ca. 4 000 000 udlændinge, der er bosat i Frankrig, er mere end 40 % under 25 år.
More than 4 out of 10 of the 4,000,000 foreigners resident in France are under 25.
Ikke blot er de i antal mindst 1,5 million, men det bør endvidere bemærkes, at tallet er støt stigende, hvorimod antallet af unge franskmænd ikke stiger nær så hurtigt.
Not only do they account for at least 1.5m, but it should also be noted that there is a significant increase in their proportional numbers as a result of the fact that the young French population is not growing at the same rate.
Det største antal udgøres af algeriere: næsten 380 000, tæt fulgt af portugisere: godt 350 000.
Amongst the young foreigners, the Algerians are the dominant group: almost 380,000, followed closely by the Portuguese, a little over 350,000.
Disse to nationaliteter udgør således alene næsten halvdelen af de unge af udenlandsk oprindelse, men læser man tallene på en anden måde, viser de, at folk fra Maghreblandene i alt udgør
Accordingly, these two nationalities account for almost half the young people of foreign origin. However, another view of the figures shows
næsten 45 % af det samlede antal, medens folk fra Den iberiske Halvø (portugisere og spaniere) udgør næsten 30 %.
- 3 - that as a group, the north Africans (Algerians, Moroccans, Tunisians) account for almost 45% and those from the Iberian peninsula (Portuguese and Spaniards) almost 30%.
Selv om man skal vogte sig for forhastede sammenligninger, kommer altså i alt næsten 3/4 fra to betydelige kulturområder, hvor båndene mellem religionen og magten har stærke traditioner og har øvet ind flydelse på fastlæggelsen af rollerne i samfundet, navnlig for så vidt angår kvindens stilling.
Even if one should avoid making hasty conclusions, almost three-quarters have their origin in two major cultural zones in which the links between religion and power are marked by strong traditions and have great influence on the definition of social roles, particularly concerning the status of women.
Denne iagttagelse er så meget vigtigere, som forskydningen mellem piger og drenge, der i 1975 var 4,2 %, i 1982 kun var 2,6.
This observation is all the more important in view of the closing gap between girls and boys which, in 1975, was 4.2 points, whilst in 1982 was no more than 2.6.
Endelig skal det bemærkes, at 33 % af disse unge nu melder sig på arbejdsmarkedet.
It should also be noted that 1 out of 3 of these young people is in the process of entering the labour market.
Går man imidlertid videre end disse sammenfattende data - der ikke kan sige alt - må man gøre sig klart, at disse indvandrere af anden generation ikke kan skæres over én kam.
Apart from these general - of necessity simplified -facts, it must be said that these "second generation migrants" cannot be forced into a single mould.
Deres virkelighed er mange sidet, deres fælles fattigdom opleves ikke på samme måde; der er verdener, der skiller dem, ofte endog indbyrdes.
Their situations differ considerably. They do not all experience their common poverty in the same way and often there are worlds between them.
Det bør endvidere understreges, at såvel demonstrationerne af afvisning og racisme som de forsøg på venlig modtagelse og solidaritet, de giver anledning til, fra nu af fremtræder som noget givet bestemt af den strukturelle sammenhæng.
AS REGARDS INFORMATION SOURCES To meet the requirements of CEDEFOP for this study, it was necessary to adopt an approach and research structure which would enable a comparison to be made amongst various Member States of the European Community.
Trussel for nogle, udfordring for andre afæsker det os et svar; det betyder navnlig, at vi har fået en økonomisk og social, ja måske endog en kulturel udfordring.
This requirement was based on a sound and extremely detailed study previously assigned to BIBB.
Det blev på én gang en opdagelse og en kilde til vanskeligheder, som man ikke kan forbigå i stilhed.
Whilst this may be good for the discovery of new information, it nevertheless proved a source of difficulties which could not be passed over in silence.
Men hovedparten af dem omhandler enkelte særlige punkter, som det er meget interessant at få belyst nærmere, men de muliggør ikke en præcis ekstrapolation af sammenfattende eller nationale konklusioner.
However, the majority refer to a specific point in time, and are extremely specialized, but whilst offering very interesting information, they do not allow conclusions of general or national validity to be drawn with the necessary rigour.
Vi har ikke gjort brug af alt eksisterende materiale, men arbejdet ud fra godt halvtreds publikationer, blandt hvilke tre eller fire er koncentreret om det mål, der skal nås, samt ud fra samtaler og kontakter i marken.
Without making reference to all the existing sources, we based our work on more than fifty publications, three or four of which corresponded to the objectives, and on a number of interviews and contacts in the field.
Hvad angår de øvrige tal for relevante modeller, er de mangelfulde; de er oven i købet vanskelige at sammenligne indbyrdes og giver dårligt nok mulighed for ekstrapolation, for indbyrdes sammenligning og i endnu mindre grad for sammenligninger med de øvrige lande.
Regarding other statistics on representative samples of the population, they are, to say the least, deficient; to make things worse, they are difficult to compare and are practically impossible to extrapolate.
- 5 tilfælde oplysning om det samlede antal udlændinge under uddannelse, men uden inddeling efter alder, medens man omvendt i andre tilfælde får oplysning om aldersgrupperne, men uden inddeling efter nationalitet. litet.
- 5 - the sociological and cultural difficulties - here there are two realities which do not coincide in real life; the other factor, the political intention - otherwise commendable - of avoiding a marginalization of foreigners resulted in their not being labelled as such in the numerous statistical surveys (for example from the time they enter a public education system).
Oven i den tidligere fremsatte kritik af de statistiske kilder gør disse forbehold ikke en undersøgelse lettere, som gerne vil være sociologisk præcis og som i flere tilfælde kunne føre til større effektivitet.
Added to the previous criticism of the statistical sources, these reservations do not facilitate a sociologically rigorous study or, in some cases, a greater degree of accuracy.
Deres bemærkninger er relevante nok.
There is undeniably a great deal of truth in their remarks.
Der er blot det, at forskellige karakteristika, der er særegne for fænomenet indvandring, hviler tungt på deres fremtid og skal lægges oven i de vanskeligheder, de unge franskmænd har.
Nevertheless, there are a number of specific characteristics linked with the phenomenon of immigration which have a serious effect on their development and are added to the difficulties experienced by French youngsters.
Hovedparten af dem bor hjemme, indtil de gifter sig, og til den ma terielle armod, de ofte usunde boliger, kommer en udpræget overbefolkning, der ikke kan undgå at få indflydelse på børnenes og de unges skolegang og fremtid.
The great majority live with their family until marriage and in a situation of need, in frequently unhealthy accommodation, there is the additional factor of over population which has a decisive effect on the education process and the future of the children and adolescents.
Man hvad der måske er værre, er, at i dette univers får familien, som er det traditionelle samlingspunkt for ritualer og værdier, en større vægt, idet den bliver den eneste reference og den eneste identifikationspol i en dagligdag, der er gået i stykker.
But there are perhaps even more serious elements: in this universe, "the family" which traditionally serves as a focal point for custom and values, plays a much greater role, the sole point of reference and identification in a hectic and troubled life.
Ud over den klassiske konflikt mellem generationerne gennemleves her forskellen mellem forældrenes plan om udvandring og det, de fik ud af den.
Apart from the classical conflict between generations, it is here, too, that the difference between the migratory situation of the parents and that situation, perhaps different, which their children are aiming at.
Dette gælder særlig for de unge piger; for deres vedkommende er arbejdsløshedstallet - trods øget beskæftigelse af udenlandske kvinder i den tertiære sektor - øget fra 37 % i 1975 til 45,7 % i 1982.
This is particularly true for young girls, for whom, despite an increase in the employment of foreign female labour, particularly in the tertiary sector, the unemployment rate has risen from 37% to 45.7% between 1975 and 1982.
Men det er måske ikke det vigtigste.
But this is not the most important feature.
Medens de i almindelighed adskiller sig fra drengene ved bedre skolekundskaber, højere uddannelsesniveau og en bedre beherskelse af sproget, er den oprindelige kultur af større vægt for dem.
Despite the fact that in general they display a higher level of education and knowledge of the language than boys, they are affected more by the cultures of origin. They differ from boys in that they have a more modern attitude and place more weight on less traditional cultural values.