natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der er fortsat relativt få job, men til gengæld drejer det sig om højtkvalificeret og godt betalt arbejde.
In this way, she continued, abled persons on the social countered; at the same time the marginalizat ion of dis level can be adequately en - on the level of vocational integration - solutions to the problem cluster associated with a fundamental reorganization of the system of social labor become visible: The shift in significance between the production sectors, the continuing growth of the ser vices sector, the relevance of high technology, the rise in part-time and weekend work - all of these developments require new responses as well as an analysis of the future options for the vocational integration of disabled per sons.
Det der har grundlæggende betydning er vel nok, at de handicappede i disse servicejob træder ud af de lukkede institutioners mørke og ud i offentlighedens rampelys.
She noted that, in its study, CEDEFOP was concerned with becoming acquainted with such landmark options since their future dissemination will prove to be of consi derable importance.
Revalidering og beskæftigelse
The findings of the study
Man kan spore en generel tendens til, at erhvervsrettet revalidering tilbydes handicappede mere og mere inden for virksomhederne selv.
Erwin Seyfried and Thibault Lambert then presented the findings of the study, within the framework of which exem plary activities in all twelve Member States of the Community were investigated.
Forskellige undersøgelser har vist for længe siden, at revalidender fra virksomheder er dem, der har de største chancer på arbejdsmarkedet.
(Since the study will be available to the public within the near future, only a few of its essential findings will be presented here.)
Eleverne har desuden udsigt til varig beskæftigelse.
Thus, for instance, their number rose by ca.
Det fremgår af undersøgelsen, at det ikke alene er revalidendernes motivation, der forbedres på grund af de positive perspektiver, men der kan også konstateres positive indvirkninger på undervisningen i skolerne, der alt i alt er blevet mere realitets- og praksisbetonet.
10% in the Netherlands within a period of only four years. While the most severely disabled persons Are faced with the problem of being crowded out of these institutions due to this de velopment, fewer and fewer disabled persons succeed in finding employment in the general labor market: In all of the nations of Europe, fewer than 0,5?. of the disabled persons employed in workshops have been able to be placed outside these institutions.
Det vil sige, at uddannelsen eller revalideringen ofte gennemføres on-the-job.
The objective of the study was to identify practical solu tions to this dilemma and to look for new paths of voca tional integration for disabled persons.
Først foretages en markedsanalyse, dernæst udvikles den tilsvarende arbejdsorganisation, hvorefter de handicappede uddannes til at kunne klare kravene, som de nyetablerede arbejdspladser stiller.
For, parallel to a deliberately political process of deinstitutionaliza tion, new creative solutions to the employment problem of disabled persons have emerged in many European countries as a response to this situation.
Ved oprettelsen af kooperativer har det vist sig nyttigt at orientere sig efter de lokale markedsbehov og -muligheder.
One general characteristic of the new forms of vocational integration for disabled persons is that they bridge the wide gap between between general and sheltered labor market, move into and fill in the space between these two blocks.
Markedsanalyser af denne art bør gennemføres i samarbejde med eksperter og konsulenter, som ligeledes bør levere de økonomiske og tekniske data til planlægningen.
Not only independent companies and cooperatives of the disabled have come about in this transitional field, changes in the workshops as well as in regular companies have also resulted.
Desuden har et samarbejde med andre erhvervsorganisationer, såsom brancheorganisationer, indkøbs- og salgskooperati ver etc., haft en gavnlig effekt.
Special departments for disabled persons have also been created in regular compari i es of the general labor market as a supplement to the competitive form of employment for
Mange af de nye former for erhvervsrettet integration er oprindeligt kommet i stand ved hjælp af støttemidler fra EF's Socialfond.
Here, instead ploying special special of being distributed throughout the company em them, the disabled employees are concentrated in sectors.
Således er mange kooperativer i Italien etableret som en direkte følge af engangs erhvervsuddannelsestiltag,der blev gennemført med økonomisk støtte fra Socialfonden, fordi der ikke fandtes andre alternativer for revalidenderne.
As opposed to individual workplaces, such departments have the advantage of enabling compa nies to arrange for adjusted work sequences and organiza tional structures.
For ikke at lade disse uddannelsestiltag løbe ud i sandet er det i mellemtiden blevet ret almindeligt, at den efterfølgende skabelse af arbejdspladser indkalkuleres fra starten.
As the study demonstrated, such depart ments are in a position to operate without losses in spite of - or precisely because of - these specific arrange ments.
Statslige forantaltninger og programmer
In part, these special departments Are run under the responsibility of external instances, e.g. of work shops for disabled persons.
Som undersøgelsen har vist, er de traditionelle arbejds markedspolitiske styringsinstrumenter til handicappedes erhvervsrettede integration ikke længere tilstrækkelige under de nuværende økonomiske forhold.
The disabled persons employed in such so-called "enclaves" are, in formal terms, not em ployees of the company in which they work but members of a workshop, from which they receive their pay, while the workshop bills the company for the total of the employment services rendered by it.
F.eks. kan man gennem kvotasystemer der praktiseres i de fleste EF-lande opretholde eksisterende arbejdspladser for handicappede, men næppe skabe nye.
As opposed to employment in a workshop, the advantage of this form may be sought in its more intensive involvement of the disabled persons in the company.
De fleste stater betaler derfor endvidere tilskud ved ansættelse af handicappede i form af en tidsmæssigt begrænset indarbejdningsstøtte.
For a disabled person it is apparently of consi derable significance whether he goes to work through a gate bearing the inscription Mercedes Benz AG or through a gate reading Workshop for Disabled Persons.
En principiel svaghed ved denne foranstaltning er imidlertid, at der næsten ikke i noget land findes en efterfølgende ordning til at kompensere for fortsat henholdsvis varigt reduceret arbejdsevne.
The study furthermore identified many positive examples involving transformation of sheltered institutions.
Tidsmæssigt begrænsede programmer tager kun sigte på den kreds af handicappede personer der både principielt og aktuelt er i stand til at udføre et kompetitivt arbejde.
Aside from encouraging activities directed toward the develop ment of products, many interesting approaches aimed at de institutionalization were also found.
For de øvrige truer den erhvervs rettede revalidering at ende i beskyttede værksteder.
The disabled persons are here, for instance, no longer penned up in large, secluded institutions; in such cases they work in small.
Disse institutioner får i de fleste stater kompensation fra det offentlige for opståede underskud, således at i hvert fald institutionerne - om end ikke altid de handicappede medarbejdere - er sikrede rent økonomisk.
Such activi ties in laundries, dry cleaning establishments, in super markets or restaurants have, above all, lead to an in creased presence of disabled persons in public.
Så meget des mere må det forundre, at der ikke findes tilsvarende ordninger for handicappedes beskæftigelse på det almindelige arbejdsmarked, hvilket fremfor alt vanskeliggør handicapkooperativernes økonomiske eksistens.
Cooperative types have proven particularly successful in which disabled and nondisabled persons work together; not only that this solution permits for a high degree of so cial integration, specific deficits, e.g. with regard to mobility and complexity, can be compensated for in this way, which is an interesting aspect in economic terms as well.
Kooperativernes finansielle understøttelse kan ikke i noget land betegnes som tilfredsstillende.
The cooperatives run by disabled persons alone fre quently face much more difficult problems.
En principiel målsætning for nye lovmæssige foranstaltninger bør være, at overgangsmulighederne mellem det beskyttede og det almindelige arbejdsmarked udvides yderligere og sammenhængen mellem revalidering og beskæftigelse sikres.
Not all of the cooperatives offer jobs which meet legal regulations or pay in accordance with wage agreements; there are many jobs here which merely offer an opportunity to earn a small wage in addition to pensions or other public support payments.
Inden for et nyt, delvis offentligt og delvis subventioneret område bør nye former for sammenkobling af økonomiske og sociale formål dominere.
These jobs are less significant in terms of the wages they provide than in terms of integration into a meaningful social context.
Sådanne former praktiseres allerede i flere projekter, som er analyseret i forbindelse med undersøgelsen.
In addition, the cooperatives offer work training programs and trial employment.
Fremtidens politiske udfordring vil være at skabe et område, hvor revalidering, uddannelse og forskellige former for beskæftigelse forbindes organisk med hinanden.
Special accompanying measures and placement services also play a significant role in the vocational integration of disabled persons.
Uddannelse og optræning er ikke nok, specielle beskæft igeisesinst i tut ioner rækker heller ikke.
As the study showed (data form the Federal Republic of Germany, Denmark, France, Italy and Greece were evaluated in it), the activities of such services can considerably improve the chances of disabled persons in the labor market.
Man vil være nødt til at gå nye institutionelle veje for at integrere handicappede i kommunens sociale hverdag og i samfundets normale produktionsproces.
Such placement services Are frequently located directly in the rehabilitation centers.
For at få denne kontinuitet i stand mellem revalidering og beskæftigelse er det endvidere nødvendigt at fjerne mange
Accompanying on-the-job support has moreover proven meaningful, particularly for psychically disabled persons.
46 mindre forhindringer, som gør det vanskeligt for den handicappede person at søge adgang til en åben beskæftigelse Det er nemlig ofte sådan, at der f.eks. er fare for,at invalidepensionen går tabt, når man går ind i en åben beskæftigelse, og der mangler også garantier for, at den pågældende kan vende tilbage til en værkstedsplads, såfremt beskæftigelsen "udenfor" slår fejl.
The new forms of vocational integration have opened up jobs for disabled persons above all in the expanding ser vices sector as well as in the fields of new technologies and modern office services.
Der savnes endvidere tilfredsstillende regler omkring spørgsmålet om ekstra indtjeningsmuligheder for handicappede, der ikke kan udøve et erhverv i fuldt omfang.
It is true that relatively few jobs are available here, but the activities involved Are highly qualified and well-payed positions.
Det springende punkt i sammenhængen mellem erhvervsrettet revalidering og varig beskæftigelse på det almindelige arbejdsmarked er imidlertid betalingen af en tidsmæssigt ubegrænset offentlig kompensation for et handicapbetinget præstationsdefici t. Det må betegnes som ikke tilfreds stillende, at der på dette felt kun findes tidsmæssigt stramt limiterede støtteprogrammer, selv om sådanne arbejds pladser ville være et logisk supplement og tit også et finansielt alternativ til arbejdspladser på beskyttede værksteder.
It may be of fundamental significance that disabled persons in these dark, service-sector jobs are enabled to leave their closed institutions and enter the view of the public.
Efter forelæggelsen af CEDEFOP-studiens generelle resultater præsenteredes nogle modelprojekter fra forskellige europæiske lande.
In a number of European countries, e.g. the United King dom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France and Belgium, special regulations have been created which provide finan cial supports for in-company training for disabled per sons.
Projektet virkede overbevisende ved sine
Training is performed on an alternate basis: the theoreti cal part in training centers, the practical part in compa nies.
47 gennemtænkte og afbalancerede erhvervsrettede optræningsmetoder, men også ved den organiske sammenkobling af uddannelse og udslusning af revalidenderne til kompetitive beskæftigelsesforhold.
47 level of competitive employment to be integrated into the company and find lasting employment there.
CEP-Textil er et portugisisk kooperativ for erhvervs uddannelse af handicappede unge og præsenteredes af fru Dantas, som er en af medarbejderne ved denne "eksperimentelle" institution.
Conversely, the vocational training and rehabilitation centers in many European countries have either begun to perform training in cooperation with existing companies oi to found their own companies or cooperatives.
Trods manglende økonomisk sikkerhedsnet fra staten er de italienske kooperativer, der tilbyder varige arbejdspladser ikke kun for handicappede, men også for andre af samfundets randgrupper, blevet til en fast bestanddel af sundhedsvæsenet i en hel del regioner.
The process begins with a market analysis, then an appropriate organization is de veloped, and finally the disabled persons are trained with reference to these newly created jobs.
Indtil for nylig har det fremfor alt været serviceopgaver for kommunerne i offentlige bygninger og anlæg, der er blevet udført.
An orientation in terms of local market needs has proven successful in foun ding such cooperatives.
Som et led i den voksende professionalisering er der imidlertid på det seneste sket en stadig mere udpræget orientering efter markedet .
Such market analyses should be performed in cooperation with experts and consulting cen ters.
Han understregede, at man i alle diskussionerne om tekniske støttemuligheder til indslusning af handicappede i et erhverv ikke måtte glemme, at den mellemmenneskelige understøttelse er og fortsat vil være den sande nøgle til integration.
Thus, for instance, in Italy many cooperatives have come about in direct connection with one-time vocational training measures sup ported by the Social Fund - for a lack of any other viable alternatives for the trainees.
Som den sidste redegjorde Geoff Shepherd for det europæiske netværk af organisationer til erhvervsrettet integration og beskæftigelse af handicappede.
As the study showed, the traditional policy instruments designed to influence the labor market in the direction of vocational integration for disabled persons have proven insufficient under the prevailing economic conditions.
CEFEC-Network er kommet i stand under medvirken af "EF-Kommissionens kontor for aktioner til fordel for de handicappede" og ved aktiv støtte fra CEDEFOP.
Thus, for instance, the quota systems practiced in most of the for the countries of the Community doubtless do preserve jobs disabled persons, but they seldom if at all result in creation of new employment opportunities. Most of the
Man udveksler praktiske erfaringer på årlige møder og udgiver regelmæssigt sit eget newsletter, der informerer om nye udviklinger.
Member States therefore provide additional financial in centives for hiring disabled persons, although theme in centives apply only for initial training aids for a limi ted period of time.
Endvidere har man i fællesskab ansøgt om midler til multinationale integrationsforehavender hos EF's Socialfond samt taget de første skridt til en fælles evalueringsforskning.
Programs with time limits, however, are tailored to the group of disabled persons capable in theory and in practice of engaging in competitive employ-
På konferencens anden dag tog seks arbejdsgrupper forskellige delaspekter og problemer i forbindelse med handicappedes erhvervsrettede integration op til nærmere overvejelse.
The institutions at least - and this cannot always be main tained of their employees - are provided with financial security in this way. It is thus all the more astonishing that there is a lack of such such regulations on the em ployment of disabled persons in the general labor market.
I det følgende skal der redegøres for arbejdsgruppernes resultater, der blev præsenteret for plenum på konferencens sidste dag.
This above all has detrimental effects on the economic viability of the cooperatives for disabled persons, the financial support of which must be seen as unsatisfactory in all of the states investigated.
Nye beskæftigelsesformer og ny teknologi
A fundamental objective of new legislative measures should be to further increase the degree of permeability between general and sheltered labor market, to create a continuum between rehabilitation and employment.
Formand: Hr. Waagmeester Indledning til emnet: Hr. Waagmeester Referent: Dr. Vicente
A new, in part pub lic and in part subsidized sector should provide for a do minance of interiinkage between economic and social goals in such new forms as were analyzed within the framework of the study.
Ny teknologi er efter arbejdsgruppens vurdering nyttig for handicappede set under mindst to aspekter: som hjælpemiddel ved udførelsen af de daglige aktiviteter og ved tilpasningen af arbejdspladser med henblik på skabelsen af nye handicapvenlige arbejds pladser, idet mange af de nye job,der opstår i forbindelse med informations- og automatiseringsteknologien,også kan bestrides af handicappede personer.
The political challenge of the future will be to create such a sector in which rehabilitation, training and various types of employment are organically intertwined.
Gode chancer byder sig her for de fysisk og sensorisk handicappede.
Training and education are not enough, nor are special institutions for employment sufficient.
Alligevel skal der koordinerede aktioner til for at gøre det muligt for handicappede at udføre sådanne opgaver, ikke mindst på baggrund af omkostningerne ved tilsvarende
Such new institutional paths will have to be entered upon in order to integrate disabled persons into the everyday life of their community and the normal social production process.
Der er endvidere et stort behov for integrerede projekter, hvor optrænings- og i tilslutning hertil beskæftigelsesmuligheder er til rådighed.
A number of minor but widespread obstacles to open employ ment for disabled persons will have to be eliminated in order to create a certain degree of continuity between re habilitation and employment.
Da markederne er forholdsvis begrænsede og vanskelige at få adgang til, må det anbefales at tage et fælles europæisk udgangspunkt ved udviklingen af sådanne programmer.
For: in many cases, for in stance, disabled persons who take on open employment Are threatened with the loss of their disability pensions; nor is it in most cases possible for these persons to return to a workshop job if they prove unsuccessful in their "outside" jobs.
Der bør også tænkes på indretningen af telework, om end denne form for arbejde er forbundet med visse risici for handicappede personer som f.eks. isolering og manglende strukturering af dagens forløb.
There is also a lack of satisfactory regu lations on the question of additional earnings for dis abled persons who are not in the position to engage in full employment.
Men alt efter handicappets sværhedsgrad er det for nogle mennesker trods alt næsten umuligt at klare lange afstande til arbejdet.
But the most significant point in the relationship between vocational rehabilitation and lasting employment in the general labor market is the need for unlimited public com pensation payments for disability-linked performance defi cits.
For disse svært handicappede kunne man forestille sig små servicecentre i nærheden af deres boliger med en optimal indretning efter brugernes behov.
The situation in which merely limited support pro grams are available must be regarded as unsatisfactory, although such jobs would provide a logical supplement and, in many cases, a financial alternative to jobs in shel tered workshops.
Alt i alt må gælde, at også ny teknologi skal tilpasses og ændres efter de forskellige grupper af handicappedes eller efter det enkelte menneskes specifikke behov.
The general findings of the CEDEFOP study were followed by a presentation of several model projects in various European coun tries.
Ej heller vil ny teknologi i sig selv løse integrationsproblemet for handicappede. Det vil fortsat være menneskeligt samarbejde
Mr. Robert Grove presented the Castle Workshop Project in Cambridge, UK, which is marked both by well-considered and
51 og menneskelig støtte,der vil være udslaggivende, og det gælder derfor om at forøge og videreudvikle denne indsats.
51 fully developed methods of vocational training and by an organic link between training and placement of trainees in competitive employment situations.
Formand: Fru Lecomte Indledning til emnet: Fru Lecomte Referent: Hr. Thagaard
CEP-Textil is a Portuguese cooperative offering vocational training for disabled youths; it tuas presented by Ms Dan tas, a staff member of this "experimental" institution in Portugal.
Arbejdsgruppen var først og fremmest optaget af, hvordan der kan slås bro over den eksisterende brede kløft mellem beskyttet beskæftigelse og det frie arbejdsmarked, og der blev i så henseende udviklet forskellige fælles forslag.
CEP-Textil manufactures sweaters and textiles for a growing market; but there exist few possibilities for integrating the trainees into existing companies, and thus plans are being developed to found, in the near fu ture, a new company which would be able offer the trainees lasting employment when they complete their training.
Beskyttet beskæftigelse bør kun være et alternativ i de tilfælde, hvor en udslusning til andre beskæftigelsesforhold absolut ikke er mulig.
Anna di Mascio, president of the Nuovo Cooperativa, Turin, presented the Italian model of the Cooperative Integrate.
Institutioner for beskyttet beskæftigelse vil hyppigt blive opfattet som alt for beskyttende, også her bør vilkårene være så normale som muligt. På denne baggrund bør produktionen være så markeds- og brugsværdiorienteret som mulig.
In spite of a lack of financial security on the national level, the Italian cooperatives, which offer lasting jobs both for disabled persons and other social fringe groups, have become a standard component of the health care system of several regions.
Udviklingen til økonomisk uafhængighed samt af værkstedernes egne produkter bør forceres.
Not long ago, the cooperatives per formed primarily service jobs in public buildings and parks for the communities.
Som elementer i beskyttelsen har især mindre, decentrale enheder inden for overskuelige rammer stået deres prøve.
But more recently these insti tutions have, in connection with an increasing degree of professionalization» more and more begun to orient their activities in terms of the market.
Men allervigtigst er, at den handicappede medarbejders status så vidt som muligt svarer til den status, som
Mr. Français Vittecoq spoke on behalf of COFAC, the Confe deration of Family Organizations in the European Community.
52 ikkehandicappede arbejdstagere har. Trods en vidtgående orientering efter hvad der er normalt kan den offentlige økonomiske kompensation for produktivitetsbegrænsningerne imidlertid ikke undværes.
5 2 the fact should not be ignored that interpersonal support is and remains the true key to integration.
Udslusningen til det frie arbejdsmarked bør have direkte og organisk forbindelse med revalidering, dvs. at den bør forberedes og også omfatte personlig assistance for at opfange eventuelle vanskeligheder ved overgangen til åben erhvervsudøvelse.
Finally, Mr. Geoff Shepherd presented the example of a Eu­ropean network of organizations dedicated to the vocatio­nal integration and employment of disabled persons. The