natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I Forbundsrepublikken Tysk­land er antallet af nytilkomne i videreud­dannelsesforanstaltningerne, der fremmes af Bundesanstalt für Arbeit fra januar til juli 1986 — sammenlignet med samme tidsrum året i forvejen — øget med 25 °7o.
This will entail the expansion not only of publicly financed, primarily non­company continuing training but also of individual and in­company continuing training activi­ties.
To tredjedele af disse nye deltagere var hidtil arbejdsløse.
If greater emphasis was placed on continuing training in the employment sys­tem and in companies, it might regain the preventive functions it has gradually lost as unemployment has persisted.
Så længe uddannelses­foranstaltningen varer, er der dermed opnå­et en første »arbejdsmarkedsafiastende ef­fekt«.
D Discrepancies between the qualification structure of the labour force, particularly the unemployed, and employers' require­ments have given rise to a number of practical measures, which have, however, yet to be institutionalized to ensure their continuation in the longer term. The follow­ing measures seem likely to conform to the objectives:
■ i hvilket omfang der udløstes fortræng­nings­ og rotationseffekter.
The continuing training system is expected to react quickly and flexibly to changes in practical requirements and also to antici­pate the skills firms will need, a task it can scarcely perform in view of the short­term nature of employers' personnel plans.
■ Gennem den erhvervsmæssige vide­reuddannelse af erhvervsaktive frigøres der, når det drejer sig om heltids­ eller deltids­videreuddannelse, på kort sigt arbejdsplad­ser helt eller delvis for en vis tid, der så kan besættes af arbejdsløse (»sugevirkning«);
■ As a measure that prevents unemploy­ment rather than 'picking up the pieces', training should be provided for workers who are in danger of losing their jobs, either because they are working in structurally weak sectors or because they do not have enough basic qualifications, e.g. they are only semi­ or unskilled.
■ gennem højnelsen af kvalifikations­strukturen hos de beskæftigede i alt kan det ventes, at der åbnes fuldstændig nye beskæftigelsesområder og arbejdsmulighe­der.
■ For people who are already unemployed and are to be reintegrated into the employ­ment system the aim must be training as closely attuned to actual jobs as possible. This is most likely to be the case where continuing training can take place in a firm or in association with a firm.
På baggrund af denne usikkerhed kan man ikke se bort fra andre end gennem vide­reuddannelse udløste beskæftigelsesvirk­somme foranstaltninger, så meget mere som den i nogle år navnlig af Bundesanstalt für Arbeit understøttede »Bildung auf Vorrat« kun kan forsvares, når de på lang sigt ikke »oplagringsegnede« kvalifikationer kan be­nyttes og udnyttes inden for overskuelige tidsrum.
This division of tasks favours firms which, when making changes, ensure that their workforce has the required qualification structure not by providing continuing train­ing but by turning to the general labour market. This process of personnel rotation, or 'hire and fire', is particularly disadvan­tageous to workers who are seldom con­sidered for in­company continuing training and whose jobs are also at serious risk: the skilled, unskilled and Semi­skilled.
Den erhvervsmæssige videre­uddannelses aktuelle situation
This is also evident from the level of expenditure on continuing train­ing: in 1985 the Federal Institute of Labour spent DM 3 700 m, and this will probably rise to DM 4 500m in 1986.
Alt i alt er der ingen holdepunkter for den antagelse, at der er mangel på egnede kvalificerede ansøgere til ledige stillinger, og at ekspansionen af beskæftigelsen og
Two forms of financing are possible: first, financing entirely by the firm in view of the employers' general obligation to provide for the training of workers; second, subsid­ization by the government, with the firm being refunded the cost of continuing train­ing either through the payment of 'job familiarization allowances' or in the form of a contract measure.
I Fællesskabet bekæmpes arbejdsløsheden for tiden ved hjælp af videreuddannelse af
The setting for the continuing training of the unemployed is extremely unfavourable.
Kvalificeringsoffensiven kan dog kun be­tegnes som succesrig, når denne ledsagende — statistiske — arbejdsmarkedsafiastning bliver beskæftigelseseffektiv, dvs. når del­tagerne efter videreuddannelse også kan optage en erhvervsmæssig beskæftigelse.
It must be assumed that the problems associated with the reintegration of the unemployed would not arise, or could be ■solved more economically and more humanely for those concerned, if continu­ing training was geared to preventing unem­ployment. In the progressive implementa­
Ved hjælp af genintegreringskvoterne kan det konstateres, at erhvervsmæssig vide­reuddannelse bidrager til afvikling af indi­viduel arbejdsløshed: Ca. tre fjerdedele af de arbejdsløse, der indtil udgangen af 1985 med succes havde afsluttet deres videreud­dannelse, tog indtil juni 1986 en beskæfti­gelse op.
Since the most recent amendment of the Labour Promotion Act, job familiarization and retraining have found particular favour with employers in the Federal Republic of Germany.
siko: fagarbejdere samt ufaglærte og tillær­te arbejdere.
If this combination of work and learning is to have any quantitative significance, how­ever, it must be open to as many workers as possible — not just to the 'problem groups'.
fentlige finansiering sin subsidiære side­løbende karakter; dette kan også aflæses af omfanget af udgifter til videreuddannel­se: Bundesanstalt für Arbeits udgifter belø­ber sig i 1985 til 3,7 mia DM og i 1986 for­ventelig til 4,5 mia DM.
offset by an improvement in the organiza­tion of work and an increase in the intensity of the work done by the remaining employees.
I stigende om­fang forskydes dermed omkostningerne til virksomhedernes opgaver til det offentlige område.
The Institute for Labour Mar­ket and Occupational Research assumes that new workers would be recruited for only about two thirds of the jobs con­cerned.
Arbejdsdelingsansatsen med understreg­ning af reintegrering af arbejdsløse i det offentligt finansierede område har i sam­menligning med en primær orienteret vide­reuddannelsesansats betydelige ulemper for alle berørte, navnlig for de berørte ar­bejdsløse.
At times of high unemployment particpa­tion in measures of this nature would entail the risk for the worker of unemployment, financial burdens and disadvantages as regards pension insurance.
■ Pædagogiske og didaktiske problemer:
Proposals in this area must, however, take account of the actual or assumed interests of these con­cerned.
Institut für Arbeitsmarkt­ und Berufsfor­schung (IAB) under Bundesanstalt für Arbeit kom i 1985 til følgende resultat: De fleste virksomheder inden for de forar­bejdende erhverv har ikke meldt nogen produktionshindring gennem arbejdskraft­mangel og forventer ikke noget sådant for den nærmeste fremtid.
This combination of work and learning must be rated highly as a practical and efficient form of continuing training, espe­cially as productivity is likely to increase even while training is still in progress.
Personalemangel indskrænkes til nogle få virksomheder, enkelte regioner og/eller erhvervsgrene.
It is a very important means of solving the main problem, the situation in the labour market.
Beskæftigelsesekspansionen foregår i dag mere gnidningsløst end i 1979 og 19803).
Unlike the various forms of recurrent edu­cation, the alternation of periods of work and learning, it is also a more appropriate form of 'life­long learning' in the present situation.
Der kan gås ud fra, at problemerne i forbindelse med denne reintegrering af arbejdsløse inden for et præventivt oriente­ret videreuddannelsesinitiativ ikke vil være således eller kan løses for de pågældende mere økonomisk og samtidig mere humant.
The intended effect on employment would therefore occur only if financial and organ­izational aids were also provided.
Ved den trinvise realisering af et sådant initiativ bør målforestillingen om et »duali­seret« videreuddannelsessystem være leden­de.
■ Full­time courses for the employed, particularly where they last more than six months, do a great deal to ease the pressure on the labour market.
Det ville betyde, at videreuddannelse inden for virksomheden og uden for virk­somheden udbygges i fællesskab og afstem­mes efter hinanden.
If a given percentage of employees was attending such courses at any one time, the same percentage of work­ers would, in purely mathematical terms, have to be recruited to achieve the same level of output.
På baggrund af den foreliggende situation — stor arbejdsløshed, global arbejds­pladsmangel, en fjerdedel af dem, der har gennemgået en videreuddannelse, er efter et halvt år endnu arbejdsløse — kan der ikke ses bort fra beskæftigelsesvirksomme effek­ter i forbindelse med en øget videreuddan­nelse af erhvervsaktive.
■ Spare­time continuing training has the least direct impact in the labour market. Being a preventive measure, however, it helps to improve the structure of qualifica­tions and backs up longer­term effects on employment achieved through innovation.
Dette ville efterhånden tillade det store flertal af virksomheder, der i reglen ikke er i stand til at gennemføre et fuldstændigt kvalificeringstilbud, også at inddrage ar­bejdstagergrupper med stor arbejdsmar­kedsrisiko præventivt i videreuddannelses­aktiviteter.
Part­time continuing training also makes the workers concerned less willing to do overtime and so has a positive impact on employment.
Videreuddannelsen af arbejdsløse finder sted under de mest ugunstige udgangsbe­tingelser, der tænkes kan.
■ A quantitatively lesser effect is achieved by promoting the combination of part­time work and part­time continuing training.
Følgerne af arbejdsløsheden vanskeliggør de pågælden­des læreprocesser ud over den rene indlæ­ringsanstrengelse.
In the Federal Republic this option is available for people up to the age of 25 who have completed their initial vocational training and for people with family commitments, especially women.
Her vil der heller ikke i fremtiden næppe ændres noget navnlig for gruppen af langtidsarbejdsløse, da virk­somhederne — når de overhovedet tager hensyn til arbejdsløse — ser deres hoved­klientel i arbejdsløse på kort og mellemlang sigt4).
Wages are paid by the employer, the subsistence allowance for participating in continuing training by the employment office.
■ Planlægning og udformning af foranstaltninger
As with a shorter working week, part of the conceivable reduction would in fact be
Beskæftigelsesvirksomme videreuddannelses­foranstaltninger.
Combinations of spare­time and part­ or full­time measures are also conceivable.
Ramt af denne personalerotationsproces, »hire and fire«, er navnlig de, som der sjældent bliver taget hensyn til ved vide­reuddannelsen inden for virksomheden, og som samtidig bærer en høj arbejdspladsri­
Efforts must be made to qualify those employees who have poor basic skills or work in structurally weak sectors.
kun ca. to tredjedele af arbejdspladserne blive besat.
especially in the context of distance learn­ing.
Dette synes snarest at kunne ske, når vide­reuddannelsen kan finde sted i en virksom­hed eller i forbindelse med en virksom­hed.
scale, and skilled workers who are unable to sacrifice a substantial proportion of their monthly income.
I tider med stor arbejdsløshed er deltagelsen i sådanne foranstaltninger for arbejdstager­ne forbundet med arbejdspladsrisici, finan­sielle belastninger og ulemper ved rentefor­sikringen.
By selectively eliminating regional shortages of certain skills, continuing training is more likely to have a favourable impact on employment than standard, nationwide schemes.
Ζ Videreuddannelse af erhvervsaktive, der lukker kvalifikationsflaskehalse, f.eks. i forbindelse med mellemopstigningspositio­ner og samtidig har en arbejdstidsnedsæt­telsesvirkning, er et rfieget direkte middel til at skabe en beskæftigelseseffekt.
The trend to date has resulted in firms primarily financing the continuing training of executives, while public funds have been mostly used to assist the continuing training of the unemployed and workers in serious danger of losing their jobs. No assistance is therefore currently available for the vast majority of the employed.
Tilsvaren­de forslag må imidlertid tage hensyn til de pågældendes konstaterede eller formodede interessesituation.
■ Assistance in the form of tax incentives would comply with the idea that continuing training should be regarded as an invest­ment.
Den tilsigtede beskæftigelseseffekt vil der­for kun indtræde, hvis der hertil kommer finansielle og organisatoriske hjælpeforan­staltninger.
All the beneficiaries should therefore help to finance continuing train­ing, with the individual contributing according to his means and to the extent that he can regard the investment in con­tinuing training as worthwhile.
Med hensyn til finansieringen byder der sig to former: for det første en ren virksom­hedsmæssig finansiering på grundlag af den almindelige forpligtelse for erhvervslivet til at sørge for arbejdskræfternes kvalifice­ring; for det andet i form af statens subven­tion, idet virksomhederne får omkostnin­gerne i forbindelse med videreuddannelse, hvad enten det er som »indarbejdningstil­skud« eller som en ordreforanstaltning, godtgjort.
■ Informing and advising potential partici­pants, employers and organizers of continu­ing training is essential if a range of con­tinuing training appropriate to regional target groups is to be provided. As small and medium­sized undertakings in particu­lar and workers themselves are unable to obtain the necessary general idea of what is available or of the quality and effectiveness of measures, facilities capable of providing information and advice on continuing train­ing are needed.
Siden den seneste ændring af Arbeitsförde­rungsgesetz favoriseres i Forbundsrepublik­ken Tyskland navnlig indarbejdningen og omskolingen fra arbejdsgiverside.
The allowance should be high enough to cover, in particu­lar, a substantial proportion of the course fees regardless of the amount involved, so that private­sector continuing training insti­tutions might also compete.
■ Heltidskurser for erhvervsaktive har, navnlig når det drejer sig om langtidskurser på mere end 6 måneder, en betydelig afiast­ningseffekt for arbejdsmarkedet.
■ In general, however, the conditions governing public assistance for full­time continuing training of a fairly long duration need to be made more attractive.
Forudsat at der til stadighed befinder sig en bestemt procentsats af medarbejdere ifærd med sådanne videreuddannelsesforanstaltnin­ger, måtte der rent matematisk ansættes en tilsvarende procentsats af arbejdstagere, for at man kunne opnå samme ydelse.
■ On the basis of sound information on the capacity of organizers, the needs of firms and the prior training of workers, regional continuing training associations of firms and non­company organizers can be institu­tionalized.
Arbejdsløsheden ville så mindskes tilsva­rende.
They will save employers exten­sive investment and forge close links between organizers and the eventual employers of trained workers.
■ En kvantitativ ringere effekt opnås ved fremme af kombination af deltidsarbejde og deltidsvidereuddannelse.
This would in fact mean the incorporation in tax law of a training voucher scheme, which would have the advantage over voucher schemes considered in the past of enabling the worker to save tax even while undergoing training, rather than having to wait until he reaped the benefits in working life.
I Forbundsre­publikken tilbydes denne understøttelses­mulighed for personer med afsluttet er­hvervsuddannelse indtil det 25. år samt for deltagere med familieforpligtelser, altså navnlig kvinder.
■ An essential role in ensuring that con­tinuing training opportunities are available at regional level should be played by the bodies representing the workers.
Arbejdslønnen udbetales af arbejdsgiveren, underholdspengene for deltagelse i videreuddannelsen af arbejds­kontoret.
Under the Labour­Management Relations Act, works councils in the Federal Republic have a considerable influence on in­company con­tinuing training.
Ligesom ved nedsættelsen af ugearbejdsti­den opfanges en del af den tænkelige ned­sættelse gennem en forbedret arbejdsorga­nisation og en øget intensitet i de beskæfti­gedes arbejde. Efter hvad Institut für Ar­beitsmarkt­ und Berufsforschung mener, vil
Upper limits should therefore be imposed on the contribution made by the individual in order to minimize the debt that is in­curred, for example, where participants in full­time continuing training receive subsis­tence allowances — like students — in the form of a loan.
For kvantitativt at få nogen betydning, må denne mulighed for kombination af læren og arbejde dog kunne benyttes af mange arbejdstagere — og ikke blot af »problem­grupperne« .
Provisions for continuing training meas­ures: The option of making provisions for continuing training measures, which should be offered primarily to small and medium­sized undertakings, would make it easier for such firms to maintain and raise the level of their employees' qualifica­tions.
Denne form for offentlig finansieret, men virksomhedsmæssig videreuddannelse er i høj grad egnet til at udløse personelle rotationsprocesser: Nye medarbejdere iagt­tages under kvalificeringsforanstaltningen og ansættes til sidst og udveksles med hidtidige medarbejdere, hvis kvalificering ville have medført udgifter for virksomhe­den.
■ The partial subsistence allowances that can now be obtained by certain categories of participants in part­time continuing train­ing in the Federal Republic of Germany should be extended to other categories, especially semi­ and unskilled workers, who are usually at the lower end of the wage
Der skal planlægges kvalificering af de arbejdstagere, der råder over ringe grundlæggende kvalifikationer brancher.
The above­mentioned possibilities and con­tinuing training measures with a positive impact on employment will develop their full potential only if used in combination.
fra et samlet økonomisk synspunkt er kur­ser i forbindelse med erhvervet kun billigere i sammenligning med heltidsforanstaltnin­ger, når man går ud fra, at der ikke udgår nogen afiastningseffekt på arbejdsmarke­det fra heltidsforanstaltningerne.
training as a means of increasing employ­ment can develop its full potential only if it is used not to cure, as has largely been the case in the past, but predominantly to pre­vent unemployment.
beskæftigelsesvirksomme effekter.
Arbeitslosigkeit, CEDEFOP, European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Luxembourg 1984. Materialien zur Arbeitsmarkt­ und Berufsforschung 6/1985, p. 5. Deutscher Industrie­ und Handelstag (ed.), Berufs­und Weiterbildung I9SS/86, Bonn 1986, p. 56.
Endvidere skulle der i lighed med stipendievæsenet for højt begavede på uni­versitetsplan uddeles stipendier til deltager­ne i mester­, tekniker­ og lignende kurser.
The main factor to be borne in mind, however, is that continuing training will not have any appreciable effect on the labour market if, as has hitherto been the case in some Community countries, it focuses pri­marily or exclusively on the unemployed or workers at serious risk of losing their jobs.
■ Den allerede i dag for bestemte grupper i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland mulige be­taling af »delunderholdspenge« på grund af deltagelse i deltidsvidereuddannelse bør udstrækkes til yderligere grupper.
NBA detailed description of the situation in the Federal Republic of Germany can be found in: Christoph Ehmann/Edgar Sauter, Beschäftigungswirksame »Weiterbildung. Entlastung des Arbeltsmarktes durch eine öffentlich geförderte Qualifizierungsof­fensive, special paper published by the Federal Institute for Vocational Training, Berlin 1986.
Finansieringen af videreuddannelsen for beskæftigede er en af de væsentlige forud­sætninger for at kunne nå. de tilsigtede
If this tendency continues, today's skilled workers will be tommorrow's unemployed because they will be prevented from adapt­ing their skills to developments: continuing
stand til at bevare og øge medarbejdernes kvalifikationsniveau.
Continuing education and training and a forward-looking labour market policy in the EC
■ Afkald på erhvervsvirksomhed til fordel for en videreuddannelse omfatter i alminde­lighed afkald på betaling af renteforsik­ringsbidrag for dette tidsrum.
Some basic considerations assigned to continuous training in the discussion is evidenced by numerous papers and programmes issued by the EC institutions.
De opregnede muligheder og foranstalt­ninger inden for beskæftigelsesvirksom videreuddannelse vil kun vise deres virk­ning, hvis de anvendes kombineret.
However, it is somewhat doubtful whether this new interest in continuing education and training will lead to concrete results in the form of systematic and carefully elaborated, coherent plans.
■ Til tanken om at betragte videreuddan­nelse som en investering svarer en støtte gennem skattemæssige tilskyndelser. Så­danne tilskyndelser kan rettes både til arbejdstagere og til virksomheden.
hold them up against this mountain of studies, investigations and general declarations of intention produced by both the individual Member States and the interna tional organizations, most particularly the Council of Europe and the OECD, but also the EEC and the ILO and Unesco.
D Der er i lang tid vist særlig opmærksom­hed over for de regionale forskelle i ar­bejdsmarkedssituationen. Gennem målret­tet fjernelse af regionale flaskehalssituatio­ner ved bestemte kvalifikationer kan der gennem videreuddannelse hyppigere opnås beskæftigelsesvirksomme effekter end gen­nem fladedækkende standardforanstalt­ninger.
We would most likely be not a little dismayed: in no other sector of education is the gap between expectations and reality so wide as in the field of continuing education and training, and it is widest in the application of labour-market-oriented branches of continuing training.
Skattemæssige tilskyndelser betragtes som virksomme i følgende former:
Mere symptomatic relief measures and short-term manoeuvering,
Navnlig må det fastholdes, at arbejdsmar­kedseffekter af nævneværdig omfang ikke opnås ved, at den erhvervsmæssige vide­reuddannelse, som det er almindeligt i nogle lande i EF, først og fremmest eller udeluk­kende koncentreres om arbejdsløse og om mennesker, der umiddelbart er truet af arbejdsløshed.
Probably no other field of educational policy has been discussed and written about so much since the sixties as continuing education and training.
■ Information Og vejledning af mulige deltagere og af virksomhederne samt af videreuddannelsesinstitutionerne er en for­udsætning for tilvejebringelsen af et adres­satrigtigt regionalt videreuddannelsestil­bud.
In the last few years the Commission of the European Communities has made several attempts to stimulate and/or support the development of initiatives in the field of the continuing education and training of both employed and unemployed workers.
Da navnlig små og mellemstore virk­somheder, men også arbejdstagerne selv ikke er i stand til ved egen kraft at skaffe sig det nødvendige overblik over tilbudet inklu­sive viden om kvalitet og effektivitet af foranstaltningerne, er det nødvendigt med indretninger til videreuddannelsesinfor­mation og ­vejledning.
CEDEFOP itself has since 1979 conducted a series of research projects and seminars intended to emphasize the importance of continuing education and training and the necessity of expanding it as an instrument not only of educational and social policy but also of an active and forward-looking labour market policy.