natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Mens vi inden for den almene uddannelse på nationalt plan i udstrakt grad er enige om, at uddannelsesafslutningerne skal imødekomme fælles krav, er der ikke overalt gennemført en sådan opfattelse med hensyn til erhvervsuddannelsen, der sikkert skyldes forskellige økonomiske, samfundsmæssige og kulturpolitiske baggrunde.
of training offered within the same system. In the Federal Republic, for example, initial training differs very substantially from one region to another, and there is probably no region in which training can be obtained in every occupation.
Der er derfor en forestilling om, at der med erhvervsuddannelsen skal gås målrettet ind for de regionale behov, og at den skal tilrettelægges og fremmes med henblik herpå, for så vidt angår indhold, struktur og organisation.
In other words, it is particularly important for regional develop­ment that training opportunities should be linked as closely as possible to employment opportunities.
Jeg anser ganske vist ikke disse udviklingsperspektiver for erhvervsuddannelsen, der kun kan være orienteret efter mindre områder, for at være retningsgivende for fremtiden.
It seems particularly important to me for all the various parties involved to carry out a regional analysis, if this has not already been done, and for it to be used as a basis for joint reflection on the factors of signifi­cance to vocational training and its devel­opment. The questions that should be asked in this connection are:
De kan her og der være et første skridt.
■ What specific skills are needed in a given region, and how can they be identified?
Jeg synes, det er vigtigt ved alle udviklingsbestræbelser at være opmærksom på, at erhvervsuddannelsen for den enkelte skal skabe et bredt grundlag for hans erhvervsmæssige udfoldelse, men at den også skal tjene den økonomiske og samfundsmæssige udvikling.
In these circumstances, it is extremely important, for vocational training as well as other spheres, for there to be continuous and close cooperation among the various parties involved in the development of a region.
Dette betyder, at erhvervskvalificeringen også må orienteres efter det almene behov.
How effective this cooperation can be is evident from the good work done in the Federal Republic by the statutory vocational training commit­tees of the chambers and the administrative committees of the employment offices and also from the joint efforts that have been made right down to local level to create and fill training places in recent years.
Det opnås, når erhvervsuddannelsen på lands basis er ensartet indrettet efter en bestemt standard.
The same applies to the offensive to reduce unemploy­ment.
Jeg må som eksempel her henvise til de uddannelsesordninger inden for det duale system, der gælder for hele Forbundsrepublikken.
■ How can people, especially those in their first jobs and the unemployed, be encou­raged to take an interest in training?
Dette må bedømmes forskelligt i de forskel lige systemer i vore lande.
This makes it all the more necessary for account to be taken of any specific sources of information that may exist at regional level.
Nationale eller grænseoverskridende forhold kan der na turligvis kun tages hensyn til, hvor erhvervsuddannelsesvæsenet viser tilløb i overensstemmelse hermed.
Current econ­omic activity in a region and coordinated development prospects may, for example, provide clues.
Hvor der f.eks. ikke findes uddannelsesordninger eller lig nende standarder, burde dette ganske vist tilstræbes i de erhvervsuddannelsespolitiske planer, men det kan ikke henlægges som en primær opgave til regionaludviklingen.
It seems extremely important to me in this connection for there to be a constant local source of information on specific initial and continuing training needs which may not be covered by national standards but complement them.
Det er dog også påkrævet at gå ind på de regionale krav i enkeltheder, hvor der er nationale uddannelses- og videreuddannelsesstandarder, som danner grundlag for
The changes that continually occur as a result of technical advances, for which continuing training must primarily cater, also show why there are limits to regulations and standards, especially in the area of continu­ing training.
Hvor den gennemføres, er der de bedste muligheder for at udvikle regionerne i samklang med menneskenes evner og ønsker på grundlag af uddannelses­ og beskæftigelsesmuligheder i overensstem­melse hermed.
the promotion of regional economies there fore requires early agreement among those concerned, especially the institutions responsible for promotion, the two sides of industry and the firms.
lig vigtigt løbende at få fingerpeg vedrøren­de specielle uddannelses­ og videreuddan­nelsesbehov på stedet og i regionen, som i givet fald også ligger ud over nationale standarder, og at disse suppleres.
of a region. It cannot replace economic, financial or other needs, and it certainly cannot create jobs.
De løben­de forandringer på baggrund af den tekni­ske udvikling, som videreuddannelsen navnlig skal tage sig af, gør det i øvrigt klart, hvorfor der er afstukket grænser for regulerende bestemmelser og standarder, især inden for videreuddannelsen.
The solution to the difficult problem all the Community countries face of finding employment for trained people will therefore be found not in vocational training but in economic develop ment and the labour market.
Hvilke særlige forudsætninger må der efter Deres mening skabes i regionerne?
Vocational training can help to stabilize and strengthen the regional situation, but it cannot prevent economic and social erosion on its own.
Særligt vigtigt forekommer det mig at fore­tage en regional analyse blandt de berørte, for så vidt som en sådan ikke foreligger, og på denne baggrund også i fællesskab at gøre de overvejelser, der er vigtige for er­hvervsuddannelsen og udviklingen af den­ne: regionale uddannelsesforanstaltninger.
clearing house for modern technologies and so have a direct influence on the develop ment of the regional economy. Taking appropriate advantage of this knowledge in all regions and organizing measures accord ingly will make a major contribution to the promotion of vocational training and regional development alike.
Da det ikke er sagligt korrekt, kan der derfor heller ikke ud fra regionale behovs­ og udviklingsperspektiver i vore lande tilstræ­bes noget ensartet landsdækkende er­hvervsuddannelsestilbud.
At times when the number of young people trying to enter the labour market is high, as it still is today in all countries, every opportunity to provide training should be seized, especially at regional level and regardless of employment prospects.
Dette bekræftes af den erfaring, at de forskellige økonomi­ske, kulturelle og sociale forudsætninger også fører til forskellige udviklinger i ud­dannelsestilbudet i det samme system, f.eks. i landregioner, storbys­ og industrire­gioner samt mellemstandsregioner.
Another important aim, it seems to me, should be to relate all vocational training schemes to practical requirements as far as possible.
Således er uddannelsestilbudet f.eks. i Forbundsre­publikken meget forskelligt i de enkelte regioner, og der findes vel ikke nogen region, hvor alle erhverv kan læres.
This means involving firms in the schemes wherever possible and particularly in their implementation.
Ander­ledes udtrykt betyder dette, at det er særligt vigtigt for regionaludviklingen at nå frem til en så snæver forbindelse som mulig mellem uddannelses­ og beskæftigelsesmuligheder­ne.
Where the content and organization of programmes are concerned, agreement between the two sides of industry is very important.
■ hvorledes kan det nødvendige antal erhvervsuddannelsespladser og muligheder i virksomheder, i indretninger eller skoler mellem bedrifterne orienteres efter behove­ne eller yderligere skabes, eller kan der findes yderligere bærende institutioner?
What do you see as the limits to the role possibly to be played by vocational training in regional development?
På denne baggrund får det kontinuerlige og snævre samarbejde mellem de berørte i forbindelse med regionens udvikling også stor betydning for erhvervsuddannelsen.
I should also like to stress what I consider to be the particularly important function per formed by vocational training centres in regional development.
Det drejer sig bl.a. om de regionale forsam­linger, planlæggerne, arbejdsmarkedets parter, arbejdsforvaltningerne, uddannel­sesinstitutionerne, virksomhederne samt kamrene og organisationerne.
As a means of providing the vocational training needed by small and medium-sized firms, and the crafts, and thus of promoting other sectors of the economy, these centres have become indispensable in many regions.
Noget lignende gælder for beskæf­tigelsesoffensiven til reducering af arbejds­løsheden.
They can play a central role in a region by acting as a
Vi må her gå ud fra, at der efter nuværende erkendelse hverken på nationalt eller regio­nalt niveau findes sikre prognoser vedrøren­de det fremtidige erhvervsmæssige kvalifi­kationsbehov.
Experience has shown that in many regions even practical efforts are unable to create the places and facilities in firms, schools or elsewhere that are needed if vocational training is to be provided on the required scale.
Der kan dog ses visse tenden­ser.
Finding the necessary trainers is a problem too.
Dette gør det så meget mere påkrævet, at der på regionalt plan tages hensyn til eventuelle forhåndenværende specielle er­kendelseskilder.
As I pointed out at the beginning, vocational training can only improve the conditions for the development
Der kan f.eks. udledes vis­se fingerpeg fra det regionale erhvervsliv og fra afstemte udviklingsperspektiver.
The regional aspect of vocational training undoubtedly does not have the same significance for all the Community countries.
I den­ne forbindelse mener jeg, det er overordent­
But it is one of the areas in which practical experience that may help others to solve their problems has been gained.
En fremragende betydning tillægger jeg de berørte mennesker. At informere dem og
I therefore believe CEDEFOP has done right to include these problems in its programme of activities.
■ hvorledes kan der vækkes og fremmes en uddannelsesvilje hos menneskene, navn­lig hos begynderne i erhvervslivet og de ar­bejdsløse?
Within the limits of its opportunities, I feel it can make a contribution by carrying out comparative studies of projects in specific areas of activity and by encouraging exchanges of experience.
■ hvorledes må og kan de pågældende instanser på lokalt eller regionalt niveau samarbejde ved løsningen af konkrete pro­blemer?
The role of vocational training in regional development
der også for de nødvendige uddannere.
become bogged down by parochial consi derations.
Indledningsvis har jeg i øvrigt peget på, at erhvervsuddannelsen kun kan forbedre forudsætningerne for udviklingen i en region, men ikke erstatte andre økonomi­ske, finansielle eller øvrige nødvendige forudsætninger eller endog skabe arbejds­pladser.
It is the level at which economic problems can be viewed in perspective in their territorial dimension.
Derfor er der også i vore lande svære problemer, der skal løses med hensyn til overtagelse af den uddannede i et arbejdsforhold, ikke via erhvervsuddannel­sen, men via den økonomiske udvikling og arbejdsmarkedet.
that used to play a vital role in a region's economic life (mines, iron and steel, shipbuilding, textiles) that any serious effort was made to formulate a vocational training policy and lay the foundations for a new kind of development.
Erhvervsuddannelse kan for så vidt bidrage til at stabilisere og styrke den regionale udvikling, men ikke alene forhindre økonomisk og social erosion.
I use the word unfortunately advisedly, not only because the communities in question go through such a traumatic upheaval but because training has been at its least effective under such conditions, being viewed as merely a stopgap solution for employees without preparing them in any way for the need to retrain.
For at erhvervsuddannelsen kan benyttes som ledsagende foranstaltning til fremme af den regionale økonomiske struktur, er informationer om målene, omfanget og ansatspunkterne for fremme af regionalt erhvervsliv vigtige orienteringsstørrelser for planlægningen af det erhvervsmæssige ud­dannelsestilbud. Inddragningen af er­hvervsmæssige uddannelsesforanstaltnin­ger i den regionale fremme af erhvervslivet kræver derfor en tidlig afstemning mellem de berørte, navnlig udviklingsinstitutioner­ne, arbejdsmarkedets parter og virksomhe­derne.
If careful thought is given to the underlying difficulties before the crisis arises, if there is a genuine resolve to anticipate those difficulties, training may make a real contribution: it can diversify pre-vocational train ing, help skilled workers to keep abreast of technical advances and make the whole working population realize that reliance on past strengths is not enough but that it must prepare for the changes that will inevitably occur in the future.
erhvervsuddannelse inden for små og mel­lemstore virksomheder samt i håndværket og dermed til fremme af yderligere områder inden for erhvervslivet er disse centre i mange regioner helt uundværlige.
It is certainly not a new idea in France: it was suggested long ago, although in practice things are still moving slowly.
De er i stand til at overtage en hel buket af funk­tioner. De kan supplere uddannelsen inden for virksomheden, eller hvor disse løsninger mangler, helt overtage den.
In a country with a tradition of centralization, where the educational system has per formed such a vital role in the creation of national identity and where vocational training has been centred in educational establishments rather than in the working world, the setting of goals, the formulation of programmes, the management of tangible and human resources and the regulation of the flow of trainees have long come within the national rather than the regional sphere of competence.
De kan inden for en region overtage en central funktion som omladningsplads for moderne teknolo­gier, og de er dermed i stand til umiddelbart at yde indflydelse på den regionaløkonomi­ske udvikling.
The first branch of education in which the idea of decentralization was explored was continuing train ing, the State representative within each region being given broad autonomy in this field.
Det er et vigtigt bedrag til fremme af erhvervsuddannelsen og samti­dig regionaludviklingen at benytte sig af disse erkendelser i overensstemmelse med behovene i alle regioner og at træffe foran­staltninger i overensstemmelse hermed.
The next step came when responsibility for continuing training was transferred from the State representative to elected officials within the regions. The process is now starting up in pre-vocational training, but it is too soon to predict what will happen in practice.
Endelig burde i tider med store opvoksende årgange, som vi har det endnu for tiden i alle lande, uafhængigt af beskæftigelsesinitiati­verne alle uddannelsesmuligheder mobilise­res netop også over det regionale niveau.
Has it been the economic recession which has turned our thoughts to training as a means of regional development?
Hvor ser De grænserne for erhvervsuddan­nelsens mulige rolle i regionaludviklin­gen?
In many cases, unfortunately, it was not until massive job losses occurred in sectors
Det forekommer mig at være en yderligere nødvendig orientering at give alle er­hvervsmæssige kvalificeringsforanstalt­ninger så nær tilknytning til praksis som mulig.
Vocational training is certainly the key factor in any policy on human resource management, which in turn is the key to the success of economic and social develop ment.
Dette betyder, at der skal deltage så mange virksomheder som mulig i foran­staltningerne, og at de navnlig skal vindes for gennemførelsen.
If the aim is to promote the kind of development that avoids territorial imbalance, in which local technical, financial and human resources are used to the full and the environment is respected and enhanced, the region must be given a prime role in directing vocational training.
Med hensyn til indhold og udformning af programmerne er forståelse med arbejdsmarkedets parter af stor betydning.
It cannot perform that mission, however, unless it is firmly related to its national, European and international context, especially in terms of economic forecasting and recognition of training diplomas, for there is no contradiction between regional balance and the vitally needed mobility of labour — quite the contrary.
Endelig vil jeg gerne fremhæve den efter min opfattelse særlig vigtige funktion ved erhvervsuddannelsescentrene for regional­udviklingen. Til sikring af den nødvendige
There must also be an analysis by employment catchment areas, in other words geographical units within which individuals can move between their home and workplace or where they can train without having to move away from home.
Erfaringen viser, at det i mange regioner også i forbindelse med konkrete bestræbel­ser ikke er muligt at skabe pladser og indretninger i virksomheder, skoler eller på anden måde for i ønsket omfang at drive erhvervsuddannelse. Særlige problemer er
If links can be forged between employers and training establishments within the catchment area, if the needs can be analysed and consultation established between the economic and social forces there, the region may be able to arrive at a realistic overview of those needs and be capable of taking action to satisfy them.
For så vidt har CEDEFOP efter min opfattelse med rette optaget problema­tikken i sit arbejdsprogram.
The real question is how well the national, regional and local levels are interlinked.
I overensstem­melse med dets muligheder kan det efter min mening yde bidrag i form af sammen­lignende projektundersøgelser på bestemte initiativområder og fremme erfarings­udvekslingen.
Within this network, the region has a vital role to play in that it is on too small a scale to take too theoretical and global a view of the problems but it is large enough not to
Erhvervsuddannelsens rolle for regionaludviklingen
What conditions must be satisfied before vocational training can contribute towards regional development?
Er det en ny tanke at sætte erhvervsuddan­nelsen og regionaludviklingen i forbindelse med hinanden?
The authorities, for their part, tend to look on consultation as a formal duty rather than an opportunity to make their decisions more relevant.
at lukke sig inde i de lokale særegenheder. Det er et sted, hvor man kan styre en sammenfatning af de økonomiske proble­mer set i relation til arealet.
A complicating factor is that in France there are two authorities within the regions: the elected regional officials and the representative of the State.
Erhvervsud­dannelsen er givet den væsentlige side af en politik med henblik på forvaltning af de menneskelige ressourcer, en politik som i sig selv er den afgørende faktor i den øko­nomiske og samfundsmæssige udvikling.
Often it is the two sides of industry which suffer from the rivalries and conflicts of authority between these two bodies.
arbejdspladser i sektorer, som spillede en afgørende rolle for en regions erhvervsliv (miner, jern­ og stålindustrien, skibsbygge­ri, tekstilindustrien) seriøst har forsøgt at iværksætte en erhvervsuddannelsespolitik, som skulle bidrage til at danne grundlag for en ny udvikling.
must create the setting for development, more specifically through their own invest ments and infrastructure policy.
Jeg siger desværre, ikke kun fordi de berørte befolkningsgrupper har været udsat for et alvorligt chok, men tillige fordi undervisningen ofte viser sig at være mindre effektiv netop under disse forhold.
Finally, the unions must not press claim after claim for their own branch of industry; in their proposals they must give thought to the broader regional perspective.
Den forekommer lønmodtagerne, som på ingen måde er forberedt på en omskoling, som et simpelt lapperi.
In short, regional development can be achieved only through the common resolve of many agencies in consultation, respecting each other's roles but pooling their energies in the pur suit of shared goals.
I Frankrig er det bestemt ikke nogen ny tanke, den er blevet fremsat for længe siden, men praktiseres endnu lidt famlende.
We thus come to the second condition: there must be active cooperation among economic and social forces operating in the region.
Voksenuddannelsen var den første, som undersøgte mulighederne for en dekoncentration, som giver udstrakt selvbestemmelse til statens repræsentant i regionen, og dernæst for en decentralise­ring, som overfører statens kompetence til de folkevalgte i regionen.
One prerequisite is widespread dissemination of information both on past facts and figures and on future prospects.
For øjeblikket begynder denne decentralisering at tage form som grundlæggende uddannelse og man kan endnu ikke sige, hvorledes det vil gå den i praksis.
Many employers refuse to become involved in the process, partly out of a concern for secrecy which goes far beyond normal considerations of competition, partly because they
Er det regionale niveau relevant med hen­blik på, at der føres en erhvervsuddannel­sespolitik?
The first condition is that there must be a regional development project in the first place.
Desværre har det ofte været således, at man først efter en omfattende nedlæggelse af
Employers, who have a vital role to play, must look further than the opportunities in their own environment, accepting their own responsibility for the betterment ofthat environment.
Det egentlige spørgsmål er snarere opde­lingen i et nationalt, et regionalt og et lokalt niveau.
The authorities, for their part, must not merely leave matters to private initiative and hope that it will prove to be of benefit to the community.
Ønsker man at fremme en form for udvik­ling, som undgår arealmæssig uligevægt, udnytter de lokale tekniske, finansielle og menneskelige ressourcer samt tager hensyn til og forbedrer miljøet, skal man give regionen en nøglerolle med henblik på at styre erhvervsuddannelsen.
A third condition is that those who make and those who implement decisions must be able to create solid links between vocational training and employment.
I det omfang, der i hvert beskæftigelsesområde knyttes bånd mel­lem virksomhederne og uddannelsesinsti­tutionerne og der på dette lokale niveau sker en analyse af behovene og en samordning blandt de økonomiske og samfundsmæssi­ge faktorer, kan regionen udarbejde en sammenfatning, som tager hensyn til reali­
The long-term perspective must be borne in mind in formulating major guidelines for changes in attitudes and for the components of general education: for the educational system, this is the time elapsing between the arrival of a new generation and its emergence from the system; for large concerns, it is the ten-year period required for strategic projects. There is the medium-term perspec-
Det er deres opgave at fastsætte en ramme navnlig gennem deres egne investeringer og gennem deres infrastrukturpolitik.
in the employment market, of fer jobseekers training that will help them to find work rapidly, and retrain manpower within com- panies.
Den første, som helt naturligt må nævnes, er selve beskaffenheden af regionaludviklingsprojektet. Men ud over ordene er det ikke noget selvfølgeligt begreb.
tive: three to five years are needed in pre-vocational training to define goals and curricula, and it is also the time needed by companies for paving the way for major changes in the structure of qualifications.
Men denne samordning sker ikke af sig selv, end ikke når der findes institutioner, som skal sørge for den formelle tilrettelæggelse.
In the short term, in other words a year, there must be efforts to integrate school-leavers
En tredje betingelse er evnen hos dem, der træffer beslutningerne, og hos dem, der fører dem ud i livet, til at sikre en ordentlig sammenhæng mellem erhvervsuddannelsen og beskæftigelsen.
It is clear that in France at least those responsible for vocational training in the educational system and in the working world still have no real idea how to administer these complex links between training and employment, either at regional or at any other level.