natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den stramme pengepolitik i De forenede Stater bl.a. med høje rentesatser til følge har haft en afdæmpende virkning på den økonomiske aktivitet i Europa.
Without a standardization of the terms of export credits for trade with developing and Eastern bloc countries, Western countries would get involved in expensive competition in this area.
Teoretisk stiller den de europæiske regeringer over for følgende alternativer: at følge stigningen i renteniveauet i De forenede Stater med risiko for at bremse ethvert økonomisk genopsving;
In order to allay the serious disadvantages that this would create, Western countries reached a consensus in OECD negotiations iri 1977.
Høje rentesatser sætter således begrænsning for forsøg på at genoplive den økonomiske aktivitet i Europa.
Thus, at least until 1 May 1983, when this commitment expires, one major source of friction between the United States and the Community will no longer be part of the international economic scene.
(inflation under utilstrække lig kontrol, budget- og handelsunderskud, mangel pi tillid hos de økonomiske beslutningstagere);
Trade with the Eastern bloc accounts for a relatively small part of both the USA's and Europe's overall economic activity.
- det er en udbredt opfattelse, at det amerikanske budget underskud er en af hovedlrsagerne til, at renteniveauet presses i vejret.
However, the figure for the EEC is markedly higher than that for the USA.
Det er på grund af den ringe opsparing, at det i den grad belaster det finansielle marked; de amerikanske beskatningsregler
(Currently approximately 8% of the Community's foreign trade is with the East, as against 2% with the USA).
(især privatpersoners ret til at fradrage gæld) gør det lettere for amerika nerne at acceptere høje rentesatser, hvis reelle virkning mindskes. De samme regler gælder ikke i Fællesskabet.
Exports to the Eastern bloc countries amount to 0.15% of GNP in the case of the USA, 0.76% in the case of France and 1.15% in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG).
Siden august er der dog sket et betydeligt den kortsigtede rente i De forenede Stater.
These figures help to explain the deep difference of attitude between Europe and the USA regarding trade with Eastern bloc.
Den høje og svingende dollarkurs sætter begræns­ninger for den europæiske økonomiske politik og belaster Fællesskabets betalingsbalance (den del af importen, der op­gøres i dollar, ligger på imellem 25% og 40% alt efter med­lemsstat).
This difference has been accentuated by the American decision to use economic weapons to get the USSR to change its attitude in the East-West confrontation.
Siden præsident Reagan blev valgt, synes samrå­dene mellem den amerikanske og de europæiske centralbanker at være hørt op.
It was in 1980 (during President Carter's term of office) that an embargo was imposed on sales of technology to the USSR.
De amerikanske myndigheder understreger på ny, at de kun under specielle omstændigheder vil gribe ind på va lut amar kedet.
This embargo was reinforced in December 1981 (under President Reagan).
Med de seneste forslag fra Kommissionen οτι en ud­bygning af EMS, ønsker man at genindføre regelmæssige samråd mellem de amerikanske og de europæiske valutamyndigheder.
During this period, Europe concluded new contracts with the USSR, the natural gas contract becoming in Ame'-rican eyes a political as well srs an economic symbol.
Det samme fremgik af konklusionerne af det seneste topmøde.
Europe has to provide $ 11 thousand million worth of equipment.
Det er stadig for tidligt at afgøre, om disse forslag bliver fu Igt op.
This equipment will be paid for with gas over a period of 10 years.
På den anden side skal det understreges, at den stærke dollar øger de europæiske produkters konkurrenceevne på det amerikanske marked og i alle lande, hvis valuta er knyttet til dollaren, samt svækker den amerikanske konkur­rence i Eu ropa.
In addition the USSR is to receive $ 89 thousand million per year in foreign exchange, which will strengthen its balance of trade.
Hvis uoverensstemmelserne mellem Europa og De for­enede Stater om rentesatserne og valutapolitikken fortsæt­ter, er der risiko for, at kløften vil blive øget inden for Fællesskabet mellem de regeringer, der prioriterer en monetaristisk politik og de regeringer, der anser det for nødvendigt at fremme efterspørgslen som led i bekæmpelsen af arbejdsløsheden. dsløsheden.
Above all, the USSR has secured favourable terms for the financing of this equipment by dealing separately with each of the countries concerned. These countries were not able to adopt the common attitude that would undoubtedly have enabled them to negotiate terms more favourable to themselves.
Uden harmonisering af betingelserne for eksport­kreditter til udviklingslandene og østlandene vil de vestli­ge lande blive ført ud i en kostbar overbudspolitik.
However, the fact that the embargo on grain supplies to the ,-ysS£? introduced by President Carter in April 1980 was suspended by President Reagan in April 1981 (for purely domestic reasons) has considerably weakened the US position vis-à-vis Europe.
Det var for at afværge de alvorlige ulemper heraf, at de i 1977 inden for rammerne af OECD nåede frem til en aftale.
The dispute between the USA and Europe has been exacerbated by the American decision of 18 June 1981 to extend the technology embargo to foreign subsidiaries (for the most part in Europe) of American firms and to equipment
På grund af stigningen i det internationale rente niveau i de seneste år, har De forenede Stater udsat sine partnere - og konkurrenter - i Vesteuropa for et meget kraf tigt pres for at få dem til at fastsætte eksport k red i t sa t - ser, der i højere grad er i overensstemmelse med den gælden de rente for kreditter på de nationale markeder.
A large number of enterprises and jobs in the EEC(l) could be seriously affected. The Member States have already queried what they consider to be the extraterritorial and retrospective application (doubtless contestable in law) of US legislation.
Efter et års forhandlinger er man blevet enige om at forhøje industrilandenes mi n i mums rent esa t s, som af ste m mes efter de forskellige kategorier af begunstigede lande, samt ændre fordelingen af disse lande på de eksisterende
Even if the American decision can be regarded as legally justified in certain cases (in view of the terms of the contracts concluded between American companies and their licencees), there is no doubt that it introduces an arbitrary and unsettling element into international trade relations.
3 kategorier: forholdsvist rige lande, mellemindkomstlande og fattige lande.
The representatives of the American business community acknowledge this themselves, since the President of the US Chamber of Commerce recently wrote to President Reagan informing him of his objections.
1983, hvor denne aftale udløber, fjernet et væsentligt strids spørgsmål mellem De forenede Stater og Fællesskabet fra den internationale økonomiske scene.
In many sectors, the rate of penetration of Japanese products on the American market is higher than in Europe : 23% for cars, 50% for radios and 25% for television sets.
Samhandelen med østlandene udgør en forholdsvis ringe andel af såvel De forenede Staters som Europas sam lede økonomiske aktivitet.
Advanced technology sectors (microprocessors, etc.) are also being hard hit by Japanese competition, although this is a recent phenomenon.
For Fællesskabet er denne andel dog betydeligt væsentligere end for De forenede Stater. Ca.
It seems that there is a tendency in America towards protectionist measures against Japan in these sectors, although they have so far been very much in favour of free trade. Moreover :
8% af EF's udenrigshandel går til østlandene imod 2% af De forenede Staters.
- the volume of United States/Japan trade is greater than that of EEC/Japan trade.
Eksporten til de socialistiske lande udgør i procent af BNI 0,15% for De forenede Stater, 0,76% for
In 1981 American exports to Japan were worth 21.8 thousand million dollars (Community exports to
Denne forskel er blevet skærpet af amerikanernes beslutning om at anvende det "økonomiske våben" til at tvinge USSR til at ændre holdning i øs t/ves t­konfrontat ionen .
Japan : 6.3 thousand million); Japanese exports to the US were worth 39.9 thousand million dollars (Japanese exports to the Community : 17.6 thousand million)(l ).
Det var i 1980 (under Carter), at salg af teknolo­gi til USSR blev underkastet embargo. I december 1981 (under Reagan) blev denne embargo skærpet.
- there is more Japanese industrial investment in the United States than in Europe : $ 10 thousand million, a quarter of which goes towards production units, as opposed to $ 4.4 thousand million in Europe, 850 million of which is destined for production units (Japanese MITI figures);
Kontrakten gælder for 25 år og indebærer, at USSR skal levere 40 mia.m gas om året. Europa skal levere kapital­udstyr for 11 mia.dollars.
Japanese trade aggressiveness is nevertheless stirring up more and more intense reactions in the United States.
I en 10­årig periode skal dette kapitaludstyr betales med gas.
In this respect, the situation is very similar to that in the EEC.
USSR har fået finansieret dette kapitaludstyr på favorable vilkår, da det har forhandlet med sæ l ger l andene enkeltvis. Disse har ikke kunnet ni frem til en fælles hold­ning, hvilket uden tvivl ville have sat dem i stand til at opnå bedre vilkår.
Nevertheless, for political reasons the United States continues, as always, to refuse to present a common front ("gang up") with the EEC against Japan.
Forbindelserne med Japan
There is a fundamental difference between American and European views on this subject.
Lige som Fællesskabet har også De forenede Stater et stort handelsunderskud over for Japan (EF: 11,3 mia.dol lars, USA: 18,1 mia. dollars).
The Reagan Administration does not believe that public aid effectively stimulates development (e.g. its attitude with regard to the proposed World Bank energy agency and the International Development Agency(1).
Inden for mange sektorer har japansk industri en større andel af det amerikanske end det europæiske marked: 23% for biler, 50% for radioer, 25X for fjernsyn.
It tries to deal with the developing countries on a bilateral rather than a multilateral basis (as shown by its reticence over a proposed North-South dialogue in the economic field).
Inden for den avancerede teknologi (mikroproces sorer osv.) mærker man ligeledes - hvilket er noget nyt -meget kraftigt den japanske konkurrence.
On the other hand, it declares that it is in favour of facilitating access of Third-World products to the American market ("Trade not Aid").
Selv inden for den ne sektor, som hidtil har været stor tilhænger af handelsfriheden, synes der at udvikle sig protektionistiske tenden ser over for Japan. Dertil kommer følgende kendsgerninger:
It is a fact that the American market already absorbs a larger share of goods manufactured in developing countries than the European market.
- Samhandelen mellem De forenede Stater og Japan er større end samhandelen mellem Japan og Fællesskabet.
In its moves to get multilateral trade negotiations going again, the United States Government is seeking to introduce a clear distinction between genuine developing countries and those which have alredy attained a certain level of industrialization.
I 1981 nåede den amerikanske eksport til Japan op pi 21,8 mia.dollars (EFeksporten til Japan 6,3 mia.),den amerikanske import fra Japan er på 39,9 mia,dollars (EF-importen fra Japan: 17,6 mia.)(*).
For the latter, tariff preferences would be reduced, and, above all, these countries would be asked to offer a certain measure of reciprocity in favour of American exports (this is in line with a number of Opinions issued by the Economic and Social Committee on the generalized tariff preferences scheme).
(*) Kilde: Det amerikanske handelsministerium og Eurostat.
( 'Set up to lend funds to developing countries at low rates of interest.
Også i De forenede Stater er reaktionerne på Japans aggressive handelspolitik stadig voldsommere.
The USA consumes one quarter of the world's oil.
På dette punkt er der ikke nogen særlig forskel på situationen i Fæ l lesskabet.
Its energy policy is now undergoing a profound transformation, initiated by President Carter and continued with modifications by President Reagan.
Men De forenede Stater nægter fortsat - af poli tiske årsager - at danne en "fælles front" sammen med Fællesskabet over for Japan.
This transformation could be favourable to Europe insofar as the increase (through deregulation) in the American oil price tends to reduce consumption and stimulate exploration and production.
Der er således en konstant risiko for, at bilaterale aftaler mellem De forenede Stater og Japan inden for en given sektor ( som eksempel er nævnt automobilsektoren), vil skabe problemer for Fællesskabet.
US pressure on world resources should in normal circumstances be progressively eased as a result.
Arner i kanernes og europæernes syn pa dette spørgs mål er grundlæggende forskellige.
However, the principles now guiding the Reagan Administration's energy policy are radically different from those that gave rise to the Carter programme.
Reagan-administrationen tror ikke på værdien af offentlig udviklingsbistand (f.eks. dens holdning til forslaget om et energiagentur under Ver densbanken samt det internationale udvik l ingsagentur)(**).
Instead of interventionist action to reduce demand, increase production and develop alternative resources, the Reagan Administration is tending to rely exclusively on market forces.
Den ønsker bilaterale snarere end multilaterale relationer med udviklingslandene (hvilket kommer til udtryk i dens modvilje mod forslagene om en Nord / Syd-di a log om økonomiske spørqsmå l ) .
The only action to restore equilibrium which it is prepared to countenance is price deregulation, which means a price increase.
(*) Jf. Det økonomiske og sociale Udvalgs udtalelse om
Because it places faith exclusively in the market economy, the US Administration is very reticent about any collective effort to control the energy risk.
Skulle h ave til opgave at yde lavtforrentede lån til ud viklings landene .
The United States' economic, financial and political power gives it a special responsibility in its relations with the rest of the world and consequently the EEC. When taking
Administrationen ønsker til gengæld at fremme adgangen til det amerikanske marked for varer produceret i den tredje verden ("Trade not Aid"), og det er en kendsgerning, at det amerikanske marked allerede optager en væsentligere andel af de varer, der produceres i udviklingslandene, end det europæiske marked.
Measures which directly affect other countries should be subject to proper consultations (as suggested by the concept of partnership launched in the '60s by President Kennedy). Anything likely to jeopardize these necessary consultations is to be avoided.
I amerikanernes forslag om at genoptage de multilaterale handelsforhandlinger indgår, at der skal foretages en klar skelnen mellem de ægte udviklingslande og de lande, der allerede har opnået en vis industrialisering.
From the beginning, the United States supported European integration within the framework of the EEC. This attitude has been reaffirmed in policy statements made by American leaders- However, it is increasingly contradicted in actual economic and trade policy decisions.
Over for sidstnævnte vil toldpræferencerne blive mindsket, og især vil man kræve en vis gensidighed af dem til fordel for amerikansk eksport (dette ligger på linje med visse opfattelser, Udvalget har givet udtryk for i forbindelse med de generelle toldpræferencer) .
It is fair to ask whether United States recognition of the "European edifice" (the EEC, its institutions and common policies) is still as strong in American Government and economic circles.
De forenede Staters indflydelse på energisituationen i Euro-
The Community institutions, and in particular the Commission, have stiffened their attitude as regards the United States.
De forenede Stater forbruger en fjerdedel af olieproduktionen i verden.
This demonstrates the EEC's ability to react strongly to outside pressures.
Landets energipolitik undergår i øjeblikket en drastisk ændring, der blev indledt af præsident Carter, og som præsident Reagan fortsætter.
However, the Community often finds it difficult to agree on a valid commercial strategy.
Denne ændring kan være til fordel for Europa, da en prisforhøjelse (via en liberalisering) på amerikansk olie sandsynligvis vil mindske forbruget og stimulere produktionen.
American trade policy, whilst being wholly defensive on certain points, is in other respects strongly aggressive, and designed to promote the medium and long-term interests of the American economy.
De forenede Staters pres på ressourcerne i verden skulle dermed gradvist blive mindre.
The EEC needs a decisiontaking mechanism which would allow it to do likewise.
Fra at være en "frivillig" indsats for at mindske efterspørgslen, øge produktionen og fremme udviklingen af alternative ressourcer, baserer Reagan-administrationen sig udelukkende på markedsme-
This legislation would pave the way for greater nationalism, allowing the USA to override international restraints (as was
73 - kanismerne. Kun ved en frigivelse og dermed forhøjelse af priserne bør man efter deres opfattelse genskabe balancen.
- 73 the case during the monetary crisis in the early seventies), and to wield its political and economic superiority more directly for the benefit of its exporters.
Denne blinde tillid til markedsøkonomien gør, at den amerikanske administration er meget tilbageholdende over for enhver bestræbelse på kollektivt at dæmme op for energi t rus len. Fællesskabet (med undtagelse af Det forenede Kongerige) må således i stigende grad se sig ncdsaget til selv at løse de problemer, som dets afhængighed af forsyningen med olie skaber.
Current difficulties and their effect on public opinion have made it even more necessary to increase US/Europe consultations at all levels, including the political authorities and socio-economic interest groups, with a view to taking concerted action.
De forenede Stater har lige fra starten støttet den europæiske integration inden for rammerne af EF. Denne holdning genfinder man i de amerikanske beslutningstageres principerklæringer, men de konkrete handelspolitiske og økonomiske beslutninger strider stadig oftere herimod.
The Section for External Relations would urge the Committee to produce, at the earliest possible date, an Owninitiative Opinion between the European Community and the United States.
Fællesskabets udenrigshandel
The Community's External Trade
Tabel 3 : De forenede Stater: Oversigt over de bilaterale transaktioner med Det europæiske Fællesskab
Table 3
Tabe l 5 : USA's handel med landbrugsvarer
Table 4
Leverandørvirksomheder til den sibiriske gasled­ning
Companies involved in the Siberian gas pipeline project
FÆLLESSKABETS UDENRIGSHANDEL : VERDEN, USA, CANADA, JAPAN, AUSTRALIEN, NEW ZEALAND, EFTA
THE COMMUNITY'S EXTERNAL TRADE : WORLD, UNITED STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, E. I".Τ.A.
Kilde : Eurostat, Månedlig handelsbulletin , Særnummer 1958-1980 k nt-. 4-1982 (mio. dol lårs)
Source : Eurostat, Monthly Trade Bulletin, Special Number 1958-1980 & N° 4 -■ 1982 (million dollars)
Irland Danmark (Grækenland)
Belgium/Luxembourg United Kingdom Ireland Denmark (Greece)
Det forenede Kongerige ¡
Italy Netherlands Belgium/Luxembourg United Kingdom
DE FORENEDE STATER: OVERSIGT OVER DE BILATERALE TRANSAKTIONER MED DET EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKAE
UNITED STATES : SUMMARY OF BILATERAL TRANSACTIONS WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 1975-1981 Source:U.S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business
DE FORENEDE STATER: DIREKTE UDENLANDSKE INVESTERINGER I USA
UNITED STATES : FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE U.S.
Kilde: Det amerikanske handelsministerium
Source : United States Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business
Kilde: Det amerikanske landbrugsministerium
Source : U.S. Department of Agriculture
FORBINDELSERNE MED USSR
DELATIONS WITH THE USSR
Leverandørvirksomheder til den sibiriske gasledning
Companies involved in the Siberian gas pipeline project
885 maskiner til nedlægning af Eas-; Kontraktbelßbene foreligger endnu ik- ledninger i to delleverancer, den i ke.
885 pipelaying machines in
Det skal dog nævnes, at USSR i fe- første på 350 og den anden pa 495
350 and the second of 495 noted that last February the USSR machines.
! lån på 70 mio dollars til finansiering
asked the Japanese banks for a loan of 70 million dollars to finance the pipeline.
I af g^ledningen.
In addition, in
80 mia yens scm bidrag til USSR's import af 700.000 tens rar.
Bank loaned the USSR 80 thousand million yen towards the cost of im porting 700,000 tonnes of pipes.
N.B.: Disse tal afslarer dog ikke den fulde betydning af denne gasledning, da mindre virksomheder også er involveret
N.B. : These figures do not reveal the full scope of this project as small companies are also involved.
De europæiske Fællesskaber Det økonomiske og sociale Udvalg
European Communities - Economic and Social Committee
Initiativudtalelse fra Det økonomiske og sociale Udvalg.
Owninitiative Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee Brussels : General Secretariat of the Economic and Social Committee
Forbindelserne mellem Fællesskabet og De forenede Stater er blevet behandlet i en informa t ionsbere t -ning fra Ekstern-afdelingen, som blev forelagt Udvalget på plenarforsamlingen den 27. oktober 1982.
An Information Report on EEC/US Relations, compiled by the Section for External Relations, was presented to the Committee at the Plenary Session held on 27 October 1982.
Hvad sidstnævnte sektor angår, beklager Udvalget især De forenede Staters nylige beslutning om ensidigt at oegrænse importen af specialstål fra Fællesskabet.
In following up this work with an Opinion, the Committee has concentrated on the ties uniting the two partners, which far outweigh the existing areas of discord.
Afslutningsvis kommer Udvalget med forslag til, hvordan man med bistand fra erhvervs- og arbejdstager -kredse i EF og USA kan skabe det gode samarbejdsklima, som omfanget af samhandelen mellem de to parter og deres placering i .verdensøkonomien kræver.
After scrutiny of the points that the USA and the Community have in common and, of their disputes, the Opinion looks at the sectors where disputes arise (R & D, cars, petrochemicals, synthetic fibres, textiles, footwear, services, sea/air transport, steel). It regrets the recent US unilateral decision, limiting special steel imports from the EEC. The Committee recommends solutions aimed at creating, with the help of economic and social groups on both sides of the Atlantic, the climate of close cooperation required by the partners' extensive trade relationship and majo'r world economic role.
Uddrag aftale holdt af Catherine Lalumière, Statssekretær for forbrugerspørgsmål under den franske økonomi- og finansminister minister
Extracts from speech by Madame Lalumière, French State Secretary for Consumer, Financial and Economic Affairs
Vedtagelse af udtalelser 1.
Adoption of Opinions _ 1.
PUNKTAFGIFTER I INTERNATIONAL/REJSETRAFIK (7. direktiv)
INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC (7th Directive)
FÆRDIGPAKNING AF VÆSKER 8.
PREPACKAGED LIQUIDS 8.
HARMONISERING AF TOBAKSUDGIFTER
HARMONIZATION OF TOBACCO TAXES
NYEHØRINGER
NEW CONSULTATIONS
UDDRAG AF REDEGØRELSE VED FRANÇOIS CEYRAC
EXTRACT FROM SPEECH BY Mr CEYRAC
»Mulige aktioner fra Det Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskabs side.
("Courses of action open to the European Economic Community.
Arbejdsmarkedets parters rolle«
The role of the two sides of industry")
Den aktuelle krise er på en gang økonomisk, politisk og social.
The present crisis is at once economic, political and social.
— Krisen er økonomisk i kraft af objektivt foreliggende kendsgernin ger, nemlig at den europæiske økonomi og den industrielle og teknologiske omlægning er stagneret, dvs. relativt er gået tilbage.
It is eco nomic because of the objective facts of stagnation, the relative decline of the European economy, and the transformation of industry and technology.