natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Dette er da også den almengyldige politik over for handicappede, men bliver i lyset af de strukturelle forandringer som moderne arbejdspladser er underkastet til en ægte udfordring, som de enkelte stater må tage højde for gennem effektive foranstaltninger, der i særlig grad bør omfatte en udvidet støtte til delvis beskyttede beskæftigelsesformer.
Although this is a recog nized policy guideline with regard to the disabled, be cause of the structural changes taking place in contemporary work requirements, this claim is becoming a real challenge which the individual Member States must meet by taking effective action, one particularly important form here being more support for semisheltered forms of em ployment .
Kapitel 3 går mere i dybden med undersøgelsens problemer og metoder.
Chapter 3 sets out the problems investigated in the study and the methodologies used.
Undersøgelsesområdet defineres og afgrænses, og fremgangsmåden ved identifikation og udvælgelse af eksemplariske institutioner samt metoderne ved resultaternes evaluering beskrives.
The field of investigation is charted out and delimited, the procedures for identifying and selecting model facilities are described, and the methods for evaluating the findings presented.
I kapitel 4 præsenteres så de første resultater, der omhandler de lovmæssige og institutionelle forudsætninger.
The initial findings are then presented in Chapter 4 ; first of all those relating to legal and institutional prerequisites.
Endvidere præsenteres de politiske strategier i medlemsstaterne til fremme af handicappedes beskæftigelse og sammenlignes med hinanden.
The policy strategies for promoting em ployment among the disabled which have been developed in the various Member States are compared and contrasted.
Der må i den forbindelse sondres mellem foranstaltninger, der tager sigte på at opretholde status quo med hensyn til antal arbejdspladser på det almindelige arbejdsmarked (f.eks. kvotasystemer) og sådanne foranstaltninger, der skal tilskynde til nyansættelser af handicappede.
Here, a distinction is made between measures which are intended to safeguard the stock of workplaces made available to the disabled on the regular labour market
Dertil kommer, at der med undtagelse af Spanien ikke i noget land findes lovmæssig hjemmel for at støtte integrative handicapfirmaer.
In addition, except in Spain there exist no legal instruments to promote firms for the disabled which operate on an integrative basis.
I kapitel 5 omtales de forskel Uge ty ri er delvis beskyttede beskæftigelser.
Chapter 5 presents a typology of semisheltered employ ment.
De kan forekomme i eksisterende virksomheder, dels ved at der tages s^rliyu initiativer ti I at beskæftige handicappede, dels ved at der i samarbejde med en beskyttet institution indrettes særlige afdelinger (enklaver) på arbejdspladsen.
Such forms of employment may be based on existing companies, either with special measures being initiated to employ disabled persons or with special departments (enclaves) being created within the enterprise in co operation with a sheltered institution.
Dernæst analyseres de strategier, som praktiseres af forskellige stater for at åbne beskyttede institutioner, hvilket i det væsentlige går ud på at inddrage flere ikke-handicappede, skabe muligheder for beskæftigelse uden for institutionen samt intensivere egenproduktionen.
The strategies adopted in various Member States to open up sheltered institutions are analysed, showing that most largely centre on securing greater involvement on the part of nondisabled persons, opening up jobs outside the insti tution and intensifying independent production activi ties.
Herefter gøres der rede for resultaterne og vanskelighederne i forbindelse med forsøg på at formidle handicappede til det almindelige arbejdsmarked.
There follows a description of the difficulties which can be observed from efforts to place disabled jobseekers on the regular labour market.
Hoved temaet i dette kapitel er handicappedes delvis beskyttede beskæftigelse i kooperativer og integrationsvirksomheder.
The main part of this chapter, however, is devoted to semisheltered em-
11 med ny teknologi.
11 ployment for the disabled in cooperatives and integration enterprises.
Da det drejer sig om virksomheder på lige fod med alle andre, er de to målsætninger "integration af handicappede med nedsat arbejdsevne" og "økonomisk rentabilitet" i modstrid med hinanden.
As a glance into history shows, many of these developed from initiatives launched by disabled persons themselves or by supportive parents or organiza tions engaged in helping the disabled.
I kapitel 6 undersøges nærmere, med hvilke finansielle hjælpeforanstaltninger denne modsigelse løses i de forskellige lande.
Such cooperatives are generally independent legal entities and the work force has the same status as regular employees elsewhere.
Noget andet gør sig gældende med hensyn til vedvarende kompensation for nedsat arbejdsevne.
They are to be found in all areas of social production.
I mange lande findes der overhovedet ingen støttemuligheder i forbindelse med en åben beskæftigelse, og hvor de findes, fremviser realiseringen betydelige mangler.
However, in many cases the job content concerned is completely innovative, especially in the expanding ser vice areas and the new technologies.
Dels påvirkes de handicappedes status i ugunstig retning, dels defineres kredsen af berettigede personer meget snævert, og dels praktiseres eksisterende ordninger ikke i det hele taget.
As these are enter prises like any other, there is a contradiction between their two aims of "integrating disabled persons with a reduced performance level" and "economic profitability".
Denne mangel er ikke uden virkning både for handicapfirmaernes og medarbejdernes økonomiske situation.
Chapter 6 examines the financial support measures used in the various Member States to resolve this conflict.
Fortjenesten er som regel orienteret efter mindstelønnen - bortset fra projekter inden for højteknologiområdet. Situationen ser noget anderledes ud for institutionernes vedkommende.
It becomes evident that in many cases the start-up conditions are relatively favourable (support for invest ments), though the situation is different as regards providing permanent compensation for the reduced performance levels.
For så vidt angår de beskyttede værksteder kompenserer det offentlige for hele institutionens underskud.
In many Member States no provision what soever is made for such support in favour of open employ ment.
Dette gælder ikke for handicapkooperativerne.
In those where it does exist, there are clear shortcomings at the implementation level.
I kapitel 7 undersøges erhvervsuddannelsens samt ansættelsesstøttens betydning.
Remuneration is usually oriented towards the minimum wage level - except in the case of projects in the high-tech field.
Fordele og ulemper ved handicappedes uddannelse i og uden for virksomheden analyseres med henblik på beskæftigelsesmulighederne.
The situation of the institutions concerned varies. For sheltered workshops, government funds are available to make good overall deficits.
Det fremgår heraf, at en sammenkobling af uddannelse og arbejdsliv frembyder væsentlige fordele.
Not so in the case of cooperatives: as these do not normally receive compensation for the re duced performance level of their workforces, they are obliged to look for alternative possibilities.
Forskellige kombinationsmuligheder beskrives.
Some receive "concealed subsidies" via government orders placed under special conditions.
Sådanne modeller vil i fremtiden utvivlsomt få voksende betydning.
But in the past few years, the majority have either become markedly more professional or have ceased to exist.
Man kunne betegne dem som modulsystemer til erhvervsmæssig integration, hvor uddannelse, formidling, beskæftigelse og ledsagende personlig assistance kombineres fleksibelt alt efter det individuelle behov.
The principal stabilizing factors here have been a more deliberate market orientation, the integration of skilled, nondisabled staff, a higher skill level and cooperation with other organizations (consultancy services, chambers, associations, etc.).
I andet afsnit af kapitel 7 er foretaget en sammenligning af flere nationale programmer for tidsmæssigt begrænsede former for finansiel indarbejdningsstøtte.
Chapter 7 examines the role of vocational training and the recruitment aids for the disabled.
Disse tiltag muliggør i mange tilfælde den første kontakt mellem virksomheden og
The advantages and disadvantages of in-company and external training are analysed with regard to subsequent employment prospects.
13 den handicappede person og kan eventuelt føre til et vedvarende arbejdsforhold.
13 presented.
Dels er tilskuddet beregnet til en slags prøvetid, men dels skal det også ses som en økonomisk støtte i den periode, hvor den handicappede indarbejdes i virksomheden. Nogle af de sidstnævnte ordninger omfatter en forpligtelse til fortsat beskæftigelse i en vis tid efter at støtten er udløbet.
For many disabled people who have difficulty in meeting the requirements of a standard training, it is shown that on-the-job training is also an important al ternative as here occupation-specific and life skills can be taught in meaningful conjunction.
Under ideelle forhold burde sådanne tiltag følges op af programmer, der kompenserer for vedvarende nedsat arbejdsevne for at imødegå en illusion om, at alle handicappede skulle kunne nå op på et kompetitivt præstationsniveau i støtteperioden.
Such models, which can be termed modular systems of occupational integra tion, will undoubtedly become increasingly important in the future - models which flexibly interlink training, placement, employment and accompanying support measures to suit individual requirements.
Kapitel 8 præsenterer mulighederne for at tilpasse arbejds gangen i virksomheden og hvilke former for ledsagende støtteforanstaltninger der anvendes. Disse foranstaltninger er af særlig betydning, idet det har vist sig, at det ofte ikke er de tekniske, arkitektoniske eller organisatoriske forandringer, der er afgørende for den handicappedes integration i virksomheden, men det sociale miljø.
The second part of Chapter 7 is a comparison of several national programmes providing financial support in the form of induction allowances for a limited period of time.
Den ledsagende personlige assistance skal derfor også sikre, at de handicappede behandles som ligeberettigede partnere på arbejdspladsen.
Often, these measures facilitate the first con tacts between companies and disabled jobseekers from which permanent employment may result.
Endvidere kan familien virke hæmmende på den erhvervsmæssige selvstændiggørelsesproces, men også påvirke den i positiv retning. For at kunne mestre overgangen til arbejdslivet må den personlige assistance også tage sådanne problemer op.
To some extent they are intended to facilitate trial periods, in other cases the grant represents a financial support for the time during which the disabled person is familiarized with the work concerned.
Endvidere diskuteres fordele og ulemper ved personlig assistance på arbejdspladsen og assistance som ydes uden for virksomheden.
Some of the latter type of arrangements incorporate an obligation on the company to retain the disabled employee for a certain period after the support is discontinued.
For de fleste lande gælder, at den slags ledsagende assistance er underrepræsenteret på grund af manglende ressourcer.
Ideally, such measures should be followed up by schemes to compensate for the permanently reduced performance potential of the disabled
Kapitel 9 forsøger at definere, hvilke chancer en delvis beskyttelse af handicappedes beskæftigelse har i fremtiden og inden for de forskellige produktionssektorer.
Chapter 8 presents the possibilities for adjusting corporate work processes and the various types of supportive aid.
Det er overraskende at konstatere, at der i mange lande er fremkommet nye muligheder for beskæftigelse inden for bestemte områder i landbruget, specielt i forbindelse med at regionale markedsnicher udnyttes eller nye økologisk orienterede projekter er sat i gang.
The latter is of special significance insofar as it has been found that it many cases it is not techical, architectural or organizational changes which determine the integration of the disabled into a company but in stead the social environment.
For den industrielle sektors vedkommende udfoldes store bestræbelser for at udvikle egne produktioner.
The accompanying support must therefore ensure that the disabled person is regard ed as an equal and a partner within the company.
I den forbindelse er det påfaldende, at ændringen af de industrielle arbejdsformer allerede nu stiller store krav til udviklingen af de handicappedes faglige kvalifikationer.
In addition, the family can inhibit or indeed positively influence the process whereby the disabled person becomes occupational ly independent.
Inden for håndværk og servicevirksomhed er der navnlig i handicapkooperativerne dukket nye interessante opgaver op på felter, som udpræget har været negligeret af de beskyttede institutioner.
If the transition into work ing life is to be successfully coped with, the accompanying support provided must also take such problematic aspects into consideration.
Således arbejder handicappede bag disken i delikatesseforretninger, bagerier, på cafeer og restauranter, i frisørsaloner, skomagerværksteder, renserier og møntvaskerier.
There follows an examination of the respective advantages and disadvantages of the support being provided within the company or by external occupational support services.
Området ny teknologi analyseres indgående navnlig med henblik på de forskellige grupper af handicappede.
For most countries it was found that financial reasons have caused the latter type of support services to be underrepresented.
I kapitel 10 fremstilles arbejdsvilkårene i delvis beskyttede beskæftigelsesforhold set med de handicappedes øjne.
Chapter 9 is an attempt to define the future prospects for providing the disabled with semisheltered employment in each of the various production sectors.
Et af formålene med studien er nemlig også at fremlægge deres subjektive syn på sagen.
An astonish ing aspect here is that in many Member States new employ ment prospects have been opened up in selected fields of agriculture, especially in cases where they set out to fill a regional market gap or concern new, environmentrelated projects.
Sammenlignet med beskæftigelse i beskyttede institutioner er en mere åben, delvis beskyttet erhvervsudøvelse af overordentlig stor betydning for den handicappede persons selvbevidsthed og selvforståelse.
In the industrial sector, there is evidence of more intensive efforts to develop independent production acti vities.
Det gælder ikke alene med hensyn til status og prestige, men når erhvervsarbejdet påbegyndes, er det identiteten som lønmodtager der er bestemmende, mens handicappet træder i baggrunden.
Here, it can be observed that the changes taking place in manufacturing are already presenting a major challenge to developing occupational skills among the disabled.
For så vidt angår arbejdsvilkårene står ønsket om deltidsarbejde samt behovet for det daglige samarbejde med ikkehandicappede øverst på listen.
In the craft and services sectors, coopera tives for the disabled have been strongly instrumental in creating new and interesting jobs in fields which have been largely neglected by the sheltered institutions.
Arbejdet i den familiære atmosfære på en lille virksomhed foretrækkes åbenbart frem for de store anonyme arbejdspladser, fordi det i den lille virksomhed er nemmere at blive accepteret rent menneskeligt.
Disabled people can be found behind the counter in grocery stores, bakeries, coffee shops and restaurants, in hairdressing salons, in shoe repair shops, at dry cleaners and laundries.
En nærmere under søgelse af situationen som de forskellige grupper af handicappede befinder sig i viser, at de fysisk handicappede nok er den gruppe, der profiterer mest af de arbejdsmarkedspolitiske instrumenter til forbedring af handicappedes beskæftigelse, idet de i mange tilfælde ved en tilsvarende tilpasning af arbejdsforholdene meget vel kan nå op på et kompetitivt præstationsniveau.
The new technologies sector is ex amined in detail, with particular reference being made to the various types of disability.
Noget andet gør sig gældende for størsteparten af de åndeligt og psykisk
This sector can offer many physically disabled persons, assuming they can in turn offer the necessary intellectual abilities, a virtually ideal employment opportunity; at the same time, intellectually and psychically disabled persons can also
16 handicappede.
16 be integrated into employment here if corresponding changes are made at the work process level - at the software level -, though this will become more and more difficult as the activities here become increasingly complex.
For den førstnævnte gruppe findes de fleste pladser på beskyttede værksteder, mens den anden gruppe hører til blandt dem, der har størst behov for foranstaltninger til erhvervsmæssig og social integration.
There will be a decline in the number of simple data capture jobs which call merely for executive as opposed to planning abilities.
Skridtet fra en institution til erhvervsudøvelse på det almindelige arbejdsmarked viser sig som regel at være alt for voldsomt.
Chapter 10 describes the working conditions found in semisheltered places of employment from the viewpoint of the disabled worker, for one of the objectives of the study was to take account of these workers' own subjective views.
Handicappede kvinders behov for foranstaltninger forekommer mindst lige så stort, dog er andelen af kvinder i handicapfirmaerne overraskende stor.
Compared with activities in sheltered insti tutions, those carried out in connection with the more open, semisheltered schemes have a considerable impact in terms of raising the self-confidence of the disabled person and upgrading his own image of himself.
For de alvorligt handicappedes vedkommende må det konstateres, at denne gruppe rammes hårdest af utilstrækkelige lovmæssige ordninger, f.eks. vedvarende kompensation for nedsat arbejdsevne, selv om adskillige eksempler viser, at deres integration iedelvis beskyttede arbejdsforhold rent principielt er mulig.
This is not just a matter of gains in terms of status and prestige; by holding down a job, the predominating identity parameter relates to being a member of the workforce, and the fact of disablement itself fades into the background.
I studiens kapitel 11 og 12 undersøges betingelserne for de delvis beskyttede beskæftigelsers fremtidige udvikling, og der gives anvisninger på^hvordan de kan fremmes og udvikles.
As far as working conditions are concerned, the first and foremost desire is for part-time employment and daily contact at the workplace with persons who are not dis abled.
Dette punkt vil blive behandlet mere indgående i efterfølgende del II.
Work in the family-like atmosphere of a small firm is evidently preferred to work in a large, anonymous undertaking because the disabled person can expect to be more readily accepted in the former.
17 orientering efter lokale markedsbehov og -muligheder.
i / to perform competitively if the working conditions are adjusted to suit their requirements.
Disse bør kortlægges i samarbejde med eksperter og konsulenter, som også bør levere de økonomiske og tekniske data for planlægningen.
The situation is different as regards the majority of those whose disabi lity is intellectual or psychical; most employment opportunities available to the former are in sheltered insti tutions, and the latter group probably has the greatest backlog need for occupational and social integration measures.
Tekniske konsulenttjenester kunne være behjælpelige, når afgørelserne om investeringer skal træffes, ikke mindst når det drejer sig om ny teknologi, for at holde risikoen for fejlinvesteringer på et så lavt niveau som muligt. Det ville ikke være nødvendigt at etablere nogen ny specialservice, idet allerede eksisterende tjenester kunne bruges til denne målgruppe.
The step out of the institution into a job on the regular labour market generally proves to be too difficult.
Handicapkooperativer vil kun kunne klare sig på markedet, såfremt de leverer produkter og tjenesteydelser af samme kvalitet og stabilitet som andre virksomheder. Ikke mindst derfor er det at foretrække at benytte et ganske almindeligt firmanavn, hvilket samtidigt også har en positiv virkning på de handicappedes status og selvbevidsthed som regulære lønmodtagere.
As far as the severely disabled are concerned, this group suffers most from the shortcomings in the statutory pro visions, e.g. concerning sustained compensation for re duced performance capacity, though as is illustrated by several examples, in principle it would indeed be pos sible for this category to participate in semisheltered employment schemes.
Den nødvendige interne indretning af arbejdsprocesserne efter "handicappets logik" behøver aldeles ikke at være i modstrid med de økonomiske krav.
Chapters 11 and 12 of the study investigate the future development prospects for semisheltered employment and present supportive recommendations.
Tværtimod er det den målrettede tilpasning af arbejdsforløb og -organisation
These aspects are subsequently examined in depth in Part II of this summary report.
18 til de beskæftigede handicappedes specifikke muligheder og behov, der gør at de virkelig får brugt deres produktive evner.
In companies for the disabled, the economic standard reached depends largely on the sector in which the com pany is operating.
Dette kan ikke være en engangsforeteelse, navnlig ikke for åndeligt og psykisk handicappedes vedkommende, men bør på linie med, at efteruddannelse fremmes og uafhængighed og ansvarsfølelse aktiveres, være en permanent målsætning.
No general recommendations can be presented in this respect, because on the whole the most successful approach has been that of orienting activities towards local market needs and potentials.
For at fremme integrationen, men også for at forbedre hele projektets resultater har blandede kooperativer med handicappede og ikkehandicappede på samme arbejdsplads vist sig at være yderst effektive.
This aspect should be explored with the aid of experts and consultancy services, which should also draw up the economic and technical documents required for planning purposes.
Beskyttede værksteder kunne støttes i retning af en udvidet ansættelse af ikkehandicappede for derved blandt andet at sikre bestillingernes kvalificerede udførelse.
Technical consultancy services could be supportive in minimizing risks from decisions on investment spending, especially in the new technology field.
Det må dog under ingen omstændigheder føre til, at handicappede trænges ud af disse institutioner.
Here, there would be no need to set up a new, special type of ser vice; existing services could be approached regarding concerning themselves with the disabled.
Samarbejdsforholdene mellem de delvis beskyttede handicapfirmaer, revalideringscentre, beskyttede værksteder, virksomheder, fagbevægelsen, brancheorganisationer, arbejdsformidlingen, lovgivningsmagten og last not least handicaporganisationerne kan forbedres. Det bør tilstræbes at etablere koordineringsorganer både på lokalt, regionalt og nationalt niveau.
Cooperatives for the disabled will only be able to survive if the quality and reliability of their products and services is equal to that of regular companies.
I den forbindelse bør det undersøges, hvilke uddannelser der er modificeret og tilpasset de nye vilkår på arbejdsmarkedet og hvilke måske ligefrem bør nedlægges på grund af manglende beskæftigelsesmuligheder.
The necessary internal adjustment of the work processes to align them with the "logic of disablement" does not necessarily have to be in contradiction to economic con siderations.