natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I stedet skal fremdrages de kritikpunkter, der ledsagede rapporten, fra Undervisningsministeriets styregruppe, hvor såvel ledende embedsmænd fra Undervisningsministeriet, Finansministeriet, arbejdsmarkedets parter som erhvervsskolerne var repræsenteret: senteret:
The restructuring of basic training and new combinations of job functions at the workplaces would be able to upset the old division into unskilled labourer and skilled tradesman.
Styregruppen mener, at anbefalingerne ikke i tilstrækkelig grad tager sit udgangspunkt i delrapport 2's (analysefasens) konklusioner. klusioner.
In 1977 an attempt to carry out this new subdivision of the basisyear was made by the EUU-secretariat, the basis used being the material or work-piece of the job, and not
Man 'savner imidlertid en fremhævelse af de fornyelsesmuligheder, der ligger i uddannelsernes virksomhedsdel, og de fornyelsesmuligheder, der har deres udspring i de faglige udvalgs kontakt med arbejdsmarkedet'.
224 the old disciplines. The proposal was based upon a grouping in four main groups of work tasks, namely: Unfinished building, wood, installation and finish.
indirekte altså en betonelse af værdien af arbejdsmarkedets parters medvirken, dels i selve uddannelsens praxisdel, dels de Faglige Udvalgs rolle i styringssystemet.
It was received with violent opposition from the Bricklayers' Union, whose chairman sarcastically spoke of the proposal as "the concrete box".
Umiddelbart i forlængelse af at FU-polen, 'det faglige selvsty re', har fået sin del af æren for kvaliteten i lærlingeuddannelserne, fornyelsen og den tætte forbindelse til arbejdsmarkedets behov, tildeles den anden ende af systemet, DfE, æren for at dets rolle ikke alene skal være administrativ:
With clearly-defined incorporation of the individual trades in both Part 2-training and within EFG-basis-year, there was no direct opposition to EFG within the organizations or in the FU-, FFU-, EEU-system; but the speed of the change depended upon the willingness of the master craftsmen to accept EFG-students or master apprentices.
mener PA­Consultants glemmer at det er vekseluddannelser; hos PA fremstår skolesiden som det centrale og virksomhedsdelen som et supplement.
In view of this location of the main weight in 'trade selfmanagement', SiD's hopes for the EFG-reform quite obviously had to be frustrated.
Heroverfor peger så EUR således på vigtigheden af FU­niveauet og betydningen af arbejdsmarkedets parters in­volvement.
SiD has one member of the building-and-construction EUU, and is represented in a single FU, for the pavior's trade, and one FFU, for the pavior's trade, the stone dresser's trade and the plasterer's trade - but it is by virtue of the fact that the Pavior's Union has become a member of SiD.
"Mens disse uddannelser er vekseluddannelser med ligevær­dige elementer af skoleundervisning og virksomhedsuddan­nelse, efterlader rapporten (PA3) det helhedsindtryk, at skoleundervisningen betragtes som den centrale uddannelses­del og praktikken som et supplement hertil".
SiD was happy to lose an action brought by the Contractors' Association under trade-law -on the grounds that the placing of concrete roofing tiles was not reserved for the bricklayer's trade, but could also be assigned to SiD-members as a job function - and thereby be required to do the work.
(EUR, 12.12.86 s. 2) og "(man savner) en tilsvarende fremhævelse af de fornyelsesmuligheder der har deres udspring i de faglige udvalgs kontakt med arbejdsmarkedet". (EUR, 12.12.86, s.4)
SiD had not acted disloyally in relation to colleagues in the National Association of Building Trades, but had nevertheless acquired a new field of employment.
EUR er således kritiske overfor PA's fremhævelse af skolerne og lokale faglige udvalg som de primære fornyelsesagenter.
After the attempts to get regular EFG Part 2-training courses set up in extension of EFG-basis-year for building and construction had failed, and setting up lines of study purely for the semiskilled worker-courses had become unattractive owing to the reduced finance available for
Kravet om en landsdækkende kompetence har været fælles for hele systemet af Faglige Udvalg og har betydet en ret stærk centra­lisering af reguleringen af skoleundervisningen.
Amid a lot of internal disagreement, accord was reached on 2 years of semiskilled workertraining for the con-tracting-sector, consisting of a 27-week course at a semiskilled worker school and the remaining approx. lè years in a training-firm attached to either the Contractors' Association, the Central Association of Master Bricklayers in Denmark or the Building Trades' National Cooperative Association. ciation.
De paritetiske fagkomiteer (FK) ved de enkelte erhvervssskoler er således nedsat af de landsdækkende FU.
'Contractor training' has not developed on any large scale, however. In 1986 a total of 183 were under training.
På vegne af de fag­lige udvalg deltager FK som lokale repræsentanter i godkendel­sen af lærepladser, hvor det hyppigste er at FK indsender rap­porter til FU, som i alle normale tilfælde følger indstillingen og udsteder den formelle godkendelse.
Otherwise, from SiD's side it is considered too difficult to use equal representation where it exists - in branch committees of the semiskilled workersystem and in the associated reference groups, for example. The employers appear with personnel from the firms, whereas it is difficult for SiD-shop stewards from the shop floor to get time off for such work.
Endvidere fører FK tilsyn med undervisningen i faget og har indseende med lærerkvalifika­tionerne ved erhvervsskolerne.
Usually, SiD has to be represented by the persons elected from the departments, paid on the basis of full-time work - or consultants and officials from the central bureau of the union.
De formelle lokale beføjelser til at påvirke kvaliteten såvel som kvantiteten i lærlingeud­dannelserne er små.
On the whole, there is agreement in the branch committees concerning the content of subjects in the courses, which is regarded as neutral and of common interest: "There can be snags in it, of course; but there are no actual disputes."
Deres reelle rolle er stærkt varierende for forskellige fag og forskellige skoler.
The employers' side (DA) would like them to be as short and as job-orientated as possible.
Nogle FK'er har et over­ordentligt godt overblik over fagets og arbejdsmarkedets udvik­ling og er aktive med forslag til fornyelse af fagets erhvervs­uddannelser.
SiD attaches a lot of importance to retaining the many 'shortened basic training-courses' in the building and construction-sector, as an entry for young persons and for those changing their occupation.
ΡΑ­Consultants forslag rummede naturligvis også en del overve­jelser og forslag om decentralisering af beføjelser til det lokale skoleniveau og det regionale niveau.
In the trade basic courses within building and construction, however, SiD has not succeeded in getting anyone through; there was too much preponderance of the craft trades in EUU.
Forslagene om at henlægge beføjelser i planlægningssystemet til det regionale niveau - og det vil sige i forhold til AF og AMN, arbejdsmarkedsmyndighederne blev mødt med afstandtagen fra styringsgruppen - undtagen Administrationsdepartementets repræsentant.
229 skilled labour. Not a lot of importance is attached here to the quite specific trade qualifications.
Dette er i overensstemmelse med indstillingen som beskrevet i afsnit 3.4.3.2 foran.
"Almost regardless of trade qualifications, a skilled worker can organize his work far better himself," the chairman of the carpenter's trade FFU and head of the Copenhagen Carpenters' Craft Guild (KT) stated in 1981.
Administrationsdepartementet ønske de således ikke alene de mange faglige udvalg i efteruddannelsesudvalg, brancheudvalg mv sammenfattet og reduceret til 8 hovedområder; disse skulle også fungere som regionale instanser sammen med AMN-/AF-systemet, sådan at afvigende udviklinger på arbejdsmarkedet forskellige steder i landet kunne imødegås med differentierede indsatser af erhvervsuddannelser og arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser .
The chairman of the Central Association of Master Carpenters (CT) pointed out that skilled workers are flexible, they carry out all of the firm's job functions directly and are widely qualified, regardless of trade, and "they are able to organize the work themselves to a great extent" - whereas unskilled workers required supervision and instruction.
Ønskerne om samordning og aggregering fra Administrationsdepartementet, som i øvrigt følges op af Budgetdepartementet i et omfattende 'supplement' til PA-styringsanalysen, 15 sigter så ledes på at indordne planlægningen af udbuddet af erhvervsuddannelser og arbejdsmarkedsuddannelser under ét andet større politisk perspektiv: det arbejdsmarkedspolitiske, med hurtigst mulig indretning af uddannelserne på ændringer i forhold til arbejdsmarkedets aktuelle behov.
To sum up, 'trade selfmanagement' appears to be very strongly rooted in the building and construction-sector and to be very disinclined to accept intervention, which could be regarded as restrictions upon the firms' use of apprentices.
Samme sigte kan i øvrigt findes i en rapport fra en arbejdsgruppe i Arbejdsministeriet med titlen: 'Informationskobling mellem AF-systemet og arbejdsmarkeds- og erhvervsuddannelser ne' , marts 1986.
The nature of the sector and of the work points to the need for qualifications of work organization and social qualifications, and personality development which are difficult to achieve without socialization in the firms - in the opinion of the social partners.
Sådanne overvejelser kunne sammenfattes som en underordning af uddannelsespolitiken under konjunktur- og arbejdsmarkedspolitiske mål.
However, the bricklayers' trade's 'Elevbyg'-programme is also explicitly justified on the grounds that it is important to learn to work in the 'gang' or team, as a form of organization.
Allerede kortfristheden i den kvantitative vægtning af de forskellige uddannelser ville imidlertid blive et problem for 'det faglige selvstyre': arbejdsmarkedsorganisationerne an lægger mere langsigtede overvejelser over den ønskelige rekruttering til faget eller branchen.
230 support from the public training system; but in this sphere also, strong influence from the trade committees upon the instruction given is expected, in the basic training system.
Værre ville det naturligvis være, hvis også kvalitative forskelligheder i kvalifikations profilen i uddannelserne kunne få lov at udvikle sig.
Thus, in the carpenter's trade they rely upon their own textbooks-committee, consisting of specialist teachers from the technical schools, to supervise the proposals for changes in technical school(TS)-instruction.
'Decentraliseringen' udgør en trussel mod 'den landsdækkende kompetence' og opretholdelsen af de faglige delmarkeder.
Also in combined training the trade unions play an active, co-determining role in relation to their trade and its function in production in the building and construction-sector, as part of their defence of their own employment-interests.
Administrations- og Budgetdepartementet i Finansministeriet og Arbejdsministeriets arbejdsgruppes standpunkt kan også karakteriseres som at rette erhvervsuddannelserne ind efter summen af de enkelte virksomheders kvalifikationsefterspørgsel.
If we examine the sector's use of officially-registered vocational training courses, we find that both EFG-training and master apprenticeship have been used in the sector. The official statistics are incomplete, however, and since 1981 EFG-bank training has not been shown separately.
Styre systemet skulle ifølge denne opfattelse indrettes på bedst muligt at understøtte markedsudviklinger.
From this time onwards, therefore, it has no longer been possible to use the official statistics to elucidate the use of training in the banking sector, and the sector's (DBF's) own statistical material is, therefore, the only material that can be used.
'Det faglige selvstyre' har hidtil indebåret at rette erhvervs uddannelserne ind efter kvalifikationsudviklingen i de enkelte brancher og fag, vel at mærke således som arbejdsmarkedsorganisationerne fortolkede udviklingen og besluttede sig for kvantitative og indholdsmæssige forandringer.
Up to the mid-1970's the banking sector recruited mainly (about 60%) trainees who had passed the commerce diplomaexamination ('handelseksamen', Hx) and the commercial clerk-examination ('handelsmedhjælpereksamen', Hmx) (cf. table 4.10). However, the courses for these examinations were discontinued in 1978, and the nature of the trainee recruitment-pattern within the sector therefore had to change.
Forskelle på uddannelses-, erhvervs- og organisationsafgrænsninger
1 Until 1979, HF (Higher Preparatory Examination) was counted under the column 'other examinations'
Hvor der hidtil har været tale om at beskrive forhold vedrørende ungdoms- og voksenerhvervsuddannelserne i Danmark gene relt, skal der i dette afsnit foretages en eksemplificering på forholdene indenfor metalområdet, bygge-anlægsområdet og bank området.
2 New entries to Hx and Hmx was stopped 1978 - persons starting a bank education later than that year have passed their Hx or Hmx examination 1978 or earlier.
Af disse tre områder lader bankområdet sig klarest definere, såvel uddannelsesmæssigt som beskæftigelsesmæssigt og organisa tionsmæssigt.
The proportion of trainees with an upper secondary schoolleaving certificate, 'studentereksamen* (or a higher preparatory examination-certificate, HF) was around 20% in the mid-1970's and has since formed a steadily-increasing category, to about 40% in 1986.
Det udgør med en elevtilgang i 1984 på 1.230 godt 10% af den samlede tilgang til EFG-2.dels- og lærlingeuddannelserne indenfor handels- og kontorområdet.
The quite large changes that have taken place are those from the recruitment of trainees with the commerce diploma and with the commercial clerkcertificate, to recruitment from the EFG-system and then to
Når bankområdet ind tager en særstilling i forhold til det formelle erhvervsuddannelsessystem er der ikke tale om et lille og betydningsløst fag.
233 trainees with the higher commerce diploma ('Højere Handelseksamen', HHX).
Det er derimod en undtagelse, der også kan understøtte forståelsen af, hvad der er normalreglen.
Up to the end of the 1970's, HHX-trainees formed only an infinitesimal proportion, and it was then that the EFG-courses started in earnest.
Men altså også: det er et rimeligt stort og velafgrænset fag, men det tegner ikke hovedreglen.
For a few years - 1979-81 - EFG was a very important channel for recruitment.
Disse to har uddannelsesmæssigt et så stort omfang i forhold til den øvrige gruppe af fag, der rubriceres under 'håndværk + industri', at de tilsammen tegner hovedreglen.
In the same period, the proportion of trainees with a higher commerce diploma (HHX) grew to more or less the same extent, to about 30% in 1981.
Af den samlede tilgang i 1984 til EFG-2.del og mesterlære på 19.090 til håndværks- og industrifagene udgjorde metalområdet 7.869 og bygge-anlæg 5.177 eller henholdsvis 41% og 27%, tilsammen 68%.
In the years that followed there was a further decrease in the EFG-proportion, to around 10% - which is also the level now. At the same time, there was explosive growth in HHX, to a good 50%.
Mens de således har fordelen af at være dækkende i uddannelses mæssig henseende, så indebærer deres størrelse og heterogenitet også ulemper, når forsøg på sammenkobling mellem uddannelses forhold, beskæftigelses- og erhvervsstrukturelle forhold og organisationsmæssige forhold skal foretages.
The present situation is that just under one-half of the trainees are recruited from HHX, a good 40% from holders of the upper secondary schoolleaving certificate and HF-certificate, and about 12% from the EFG-basis-year.
Mulighederne for at identificere, hvor lære- og praktikpladser ne er i erhvervslivet, fordelt på virksomhedsstørrelse og
However, it can be pointed out that the level at the beginning of the 1970's lay between 1 100 and 1 300, and that the 'appropriate' level is now estimated to lie at between 1 500 and 1 600 new recruits annually.
brancher, er uhyre ringe i den normale offentlige statistik.
Within the banking sector, bank clerk-training is the only basic training which confers a vocational qualification.
Skal dette belyses er man afhængig af specialkørsler eller af metodisk tvivlsomme sammenkoblinger af forskellige kilder.
In continuation of this, it is possible to take the 2-year banking course of further training, and in addition there are a number of continuing training-opportunities within special banking functions.
Blandt de alternative kilder er arbejdsmarkedsorganisationernes statistikker, som imidlertid indebærer det problem at uorganiserede indenfor branchen ikke tælles med og at organisationer nes medlemskredsafgrænsning sjældent er identisk med den of fentlige erhvervsstatistiks inddelinger.
235 the duration of the training period, and trainees are covered by the DBF-DBL-collective agreement on pay and working conditions for trainees and unpromoted members of staff. The agreement also embraces general training conditions.
Som illustration på problemet kan nævnes at jern- og metalindustrien ifølge Danmarks Statistik i 1984 i alt beskæftigede 168.151 lønmodtagere.
Two forms of training agreements exist: one for trainees who enter into an agreement on EFG-Part 2-training in the bank, and another which is a training agreement under private law, regulated by a collective agreement.
Ifølge JA's årsberetning for 1985 var an tallet af ansatte i JA's medlemsvirksomheder 161.368 i 3. kvartal 1984.
Trainees with an EFG-Part 2-agreement are covered by the normal rules for Part 2 of initial vocational training courses - including 3 months' probationary period.
Men forskellen på ca 7.000 skyldes ikke alene tilfældige sæsonudsving, og kan heller ikke udlægges sådan at JA skulle have en organisationsprocent tæt på 95.
For trainees with a training agreement under private law, there is a 6-months mutual probation period. Pay for trainees is not the same for everyone, either; but the demarcation here is not on the training agreement, but on prior training.
En ganske stor del af JA's medlemmer er i den offentlige erhvervsstatistik registreret under andre brancher end jern- og metalindustrien, som fx Motorbranchens Arbejdsgiverforening, hvor Autoforhandlere tælles under handel.
Trainees with HHX receive a good 7 300 kroner a year more in the first year than all of the other groups, and about 5 700 kroner more in the second year.
Endelig er der en del uorganiserede arbejdsgivere - hvis størrelsesorden det er svært at skønne over.
In practice, this exemption-facility is not fully utilized, since instruction in the Banking School's part 2 is based upon the trainees having taken part 1, among other requirements.
Hvis man søger at belyse problemet fra lærlingesiden, så opgav Danmarks Statistik at bestanden af lærlinge og 2.dels-EFG-ele-ver i metalfagene i oktober 1984 udgjorde 22.193.
With regard to financing of the theoretical part of bank clerk-training, the Government pays for trainees with an EFG-training agreement and the banks pay for the others.
Af JA's totale beskæftigelse udgjorde lærlinge ca 6%, af voksne faglærte i JA-virksomheder ca 21%.
237 to have the course of training monitored for the individual trainees by one particular trained member of the staff - a training officer.
Indenfor DS-medlemsvirksom-hederne udgør lærlinge 33% af den samlede arbejdsstyrke - eller 1 lærling for hver 2 voksne.
The Banking School's part 2 ends with a written examination in both subjects and is open to everyone who has taken the Banking School's part 1.
Men i forhold til det samlede bestandtal på 22.193 mangler der stadig forklaring på ca 5.500 lærlinge og EFG-2.dels-elevers virksomhedsplacering.
The 2-year training period has been fixed with a view to achieving the best possible occupational integration.
En del af forklaringen ligger i de uorganiserede arbejdsgivere og mestre.
Participants who hold part 1 of the commerce diploma (HD) can complete the course in 1 year.
En anden del ligger i at nogle lærlinge og 2.dels-EFG'ere in denfor metalfagene slet ikke er i praktik i en jern- og metal virksomhed, men i andre brancher.
In order to enable the trainee to keep up and update his knowledge, continued trainingcourses sub-divided by subjects have been established, to follow the 2-year course.
Fra en af de få samkørsler fra 1981 vides det således at lærepladsen er udenfor jern- og metalindustrien for 32,8% af maskinarbejderlærlinge + 2.dels-EFG-elever, og for 54,9% af smedelærlingene + 2.dels EFG-elever, Automekaniker-2.dels-EFG'ere og lærlinge var for størsteparten (50,2%) ansat i virksomheder der i Danmarks Statistik er rubriceret som detailhandel.
The courses are of between 1 and 7 months' duration and take the form of private study, correspondence courses and direct teaching. There is no examination at the end of the courses.
Det vil i praksis sige automobilfirmaer med hovedvægt på handel, modsat overvejende reparationsværksteder.
With a view to enabling the trainee to extend his knowledge beyond the 2-year course, there are 10 types of add-on courses, all at the standard of HD-studies.
For et af de store lærefag indenfor bygge-anlægsområdet, tømrerfaget, havde 24,5% af EFG-2.delselever og lærlingene praktikplads i en virksomhed, der ikke henhørte under bygge-anlægs-erhvervsgrupper ingen.
The courses are taken by private study and group studies with teacherparticipation. There is no final examination.
Arbejdsmarkedsorganisationernes afgørelse af hvem der skal være repræsenteret i systemet af de faglige udvalg, der styrer er hvervsuddannelserne, kunne siges at være en praktisk løsning på afgrænsningen af forbindelserne mellem produktionen og uddannelsessystemet .
As a result of the general expansion of the banking sector, there has also been big expansion of employment during the
LO-siden: Uddannelsesafgrænsning falder sammen med forbundsafgrænsning
We shall mention especially here two factors that are central to the general employment situation within the sector.
I afsnit 3.3.5. blev forholdet mellem styringen af erhvervsuddannelserne og fagbevægelsens struktur kort behandlet.
(The only important bank outside the organization is Arbejdernes Landsbank, whose staff of about 1000 belong to HK. )
I forhold til uddannelsesstatistik er fagbevægelsens struktur ikke noget problem - netop fordi organiseringen følger uddannelsesgrænser.
The tendency seems to be continuing, and during the last couple of years the workforce has been growing by 1 500-2 000 annually.
Fagbevægelsen er en enhedsorganisation uden opde-
Number of amployed within members hip of DBF:
ling i forskellige religiøse eller politiske grupperinger og indenfor arbejdergruppen står kun ganske få og små forbund udenfor LO.
An essential requirement for the growth of employment has been the recruitment of more trainees.
LO's medlemstal på knap 1,4 mio indebærer en meget høj organisationsprocent for ikke-faglærte og faglærte arbej dere såvel i den private som den offentlige sektor FTF, funktionærernes hovedorganisation, omfatter ca 320.000 medlemmer. Som helhed var organisationsprocenten ca 93% i 1979. 1
It will be seen from table 4.12 that, with the exception of 1986, the new intake of trainees accounted for more than 50% of the total intake to the banking sector.
De to største forbund er HK med 311.000 medlemmer og SID (specialarbejderforbundet, opdelt i bygge-anlægsgruppen, fabriksgruppen, transportgruppen og gartneri, skov- og landbrugsgruppen) med 312.000.
The outflow from the sphere covered by DBF is 5-6%; but at the beginning of the 1970's it was as high as 8-9%. At that time, employees were moving over to the public sectorbecause pay was higher there.
Med industrien som primært beskæftigelsesområde er ikke-faglærte kvinders forbund (KAD) med ca 103.000 også et af de store.
At the present time, other parts of the financial sector - firms of auditors and insurance companies, for example - are attracting bank personnel, primarily within the 25-30 age-group.