natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
- Bedre opfyldelse af marginalgruppernes behov
A better response to the needs of underprivileged groups
- Reform af de grundlæggende uddannelsessystemer
Reforming initial education and training systems
- Den vedvarende uddannelse: et middel til lokal og regional udvikling
Continuing education and training: A local and regional development tool
- Overførsel af ansvar til virksomhederne
Making industry play its part
- Indførelse af mere rationelle og indbyrdes sammenhængende finansieringsordninger sieringsordninger
Developing more rational and more consistent methods of financing
- Forbedring af udvekslingen af ideer og erfaringer mellem Fællesskabets lande
Facilitating the exchange of ideas and experience in the Community
I en tid med krise og arbejdsløshed er spørgsmålet om forholdet mellem den vedvarende uddannelse og be­skæftigelsen aktuelt.
The scope of the conference was therefore very wide-ranging and it could hardly be expected - bearing in mind the short amount of time available - that a definitive outcome would be achieved on a topic likely to be interpreted in many ways.
Fremkomsten og mangfoldiggørelsen af initiativer, der kan få en positiv indvirkning på arbejdsmarkedet skal støttes, idet de arbejdssøgende bibringes nye kvalifikationer og sættes i stand til at arbejde med de nye teknologier, og idet der udvikles kvalifikationer og ydes støtte til nye aktiviteter og til oprettelsen af virksomheder samt ydes bidrag til den økonomiske udvikling på lokalt plan ...
It became obvious, moreover, that there are at present no instant solutions to the key problems of employment and training which, having been tried and tested in some countries, could be put to immediate use in others.
Set ud fra denne synsvinkel udgør udviklingen af strategier for den vedvarende uddannelse en betydelig udfordring.
More provision must be made in this field for common discussion so that we may move forward together.
Målet for den konference om den vedvarende uddannelse og arbejdsmarkedet, som CEDEFOP arrangerede den 7., 8. og 9. marts 1984 i Berlin, var at gøre det muligt for et begrænset antal deltagere sammen at undersøge den øjeblikkelige situation for den vedvarende uddan­nelse af voksne i Det europæiske Fællesskabs medlems­lande og at få forslag frem om, hvor der skal sættes ind for fremtiden ud fra følgende grundlag:
It was precisely this aim which the conference achieved: to provide an improved awareness of the potential and the current limits of continuing education and training in its application to the labour market, and to map out the guidelines for national and Community action to promote the continuing education and training of adults.
En repræsentant for Kommissionen skitserede udviklingen i de enkelte staters politik og i Fællesskabets indsats og fremlagde udsigterne for, hvad der kan gøres på europæisk plan. Repræsentanterne for de internationale organisationer redegjorde på deres side for, hvad deres institutioner havde foretaget sig på dette område.
- 14 - of research commissioned by CEDEFOP which sum up, to a certain extent, the current situation regarding continuing education and training, and then deals with the conclusions and recommendations of the conference, as put forward by the discussion groups and the plenary sessions which followed them.
II - CEDEFOPS UNDERSØGELSER: EN LIDET TILFREDSSTILLENDE STATUS OVER DEN VEDVARENDE UDDANNELSE I BEGYNDELSEN AF 1980'ERNE
II - THE CEDEFOP REPORTS: AN UNSATISFACTORY RECORD OF CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTIES
Mellem 1980 og 1982 tog CEDEFOP initiativet til og finansierede tre projekter om forskning vedrørende den vedvarende uddannelse med henblik på at få et bedre kendskab til det udbud af uddannelser, der til bydes voksne, samt på at indkredse deres muligheder for at få adgang til disse uddannelser og navnlig på at erfare, om nye initiativer, der passede bedre ind i udviklingen på arbejdsmarkedet, var på vej.
In order to obtain improved information on the range of education and training available to adults, to find out how they could go about obtaining this education and training and to discover, in particular, whether new approaches which were better suited to developments in the labour market were emerging, CEDEFOP commissioned and financed, between 198O and 1982, three research projects in the field of continuing education and training.
- uddannelser med henblik på de nye teknologier, - en uddannelsesindsats hovedsagelig i virksomhederne med henblik på at forebygge arbejdsløshed, - uddannelser udformet for at komme de arbejdsløse til undsætning, navnlig de langtidsledige (4);
This involved finding out: whether, on one hand, innovative projects were being carried out in a significant number of Community countries, and whether there were trends within these projects from which it would be possible to develop coherent education and training strategies, in particular in three areas: education and training in new technologies, education and training activities, basically within companies, designed to prevent unemployment, education and training designed to assist the unemployed, and in particular the long-term 'unemployed (4);
. om man på den anden side i de europæiske lande var vidne til en ændring i voksenuddannelsespolitikken gående ud på, at uddannelsen bliver et instrument i den aktive beskæftigelsespolitik og i stand til at forebygge arbejdsløshedssituationer (5);
- 18 - whether, on the other hand, there had been a change of direction in continuing education and training policies in European countries leading to education and training becoming an active employment policy instrument designed to prevent unemployment (5); whether, finally, legislation and the institutional framework of continuing education and training could play a part in discussion on a new distribution of work, as a result in particular of the development of work/study alternance throughout working life, and whether, in this context, education and training leave has positive repercussions on the labour market (6).
Resultaterne af disse undersøgelser viser på tværs af initiativernes forskelligartethed, som skyldes de meget forskellige nationale forhold, ringe mulighed for, at den vedvarende uddannelse kan leve op til de krav, der stilles til den.
The results of this research show that continuing education and training is largely unable to meet the demands placed upon it across the entire range of approaches made within widely varying national contexts.
Inden for området fornyelser (4) bemærker man ganske vist en mangfoldighed af decentraliserede initiativer baseret på en smidig holdning, der går ind for moduler og gør brug af de nye teknologier som middel til uddannelse og som navnlig gør brug af fjernundervisning ... Men alt i alt forekommer udbuddet i høj grad utilstrækkeligt: keligt:
Although, in the area of- innovations (4), there are certainly a large number of initiatives based on a flexible, modular and decentralised approach, using the new technologies as training means and in particular developing the use of distance learning, in overall terms, the range of training available does not, however, appear to be adequate:
Specielt uddannelserne inden for de nye teknologier henvender sig først og fremmest til lønmodtagerne i virksomheder ne.
In particular, new technology training is aimed chiefly at company employees.
De uddannelser, der tilbydes, tager i øvrigt kun ringe hensyn til denne modtagergruppes lave kvalifikationsniveau og indebærer ikke tilstrækkelig lange perioder, hvor denne gruppe kunne nå op på det ønskede niveau.
In addition, the training available takes little account of the low qualification level of this group and does not provide for long enough periods of remedial training.
Udviklingen af nyskabende aktioner for de voksne hindres af de utilstrækkelige bevillinger, der af sættes til dette formål; i de fleste medlemsstater ser man en overførsel af midler fra den vedvarende uddannelse af voksne til foranstaltninger med henblik på uddannelse og indplacering af de unge.
In the majority of Member States funds are being transferred from the continuing education and training of adults to the education, training and integration of the young.
Det synes endvidere, som om den vedvarende uddannelse langt fra lever op til kravet om en forebyggelse af arbejdsløshedssituationer (5).
It appears, moreover, that continuing education and training is far from being able to satisfy the requirements that it should prevent unemployment (5).
Stillet over for en ved varende stor arbejdsløshed og en økonomisk krise, som først sent erkendtes at være dybtgående og strukturelt betinget, har de europæiske lande grebet til strategier, der snarere er defensive end offensive:
In the face of continuing massive unemployment and an economic crisis which has belatedly been seen to be far-reaching and long-term, European countries have developed strategies which are largely defensive rather than offensive:
Erhvervsuddannelsen af de voksne har så ledes en tendens til at fjerne sig fra sit oprindelige mål, som var forbedring af de forhåndenværende eller tilførsel af nye faglige kvalifikationer af hængig af produktionssystemets behov.
Vocational training of adults therefore tends to move away from its initial aim of professional advancement and retraining to meet the needs of the production system.
Den gældende lovgivning og de gældende bestemmelser ved rørende personlig uddannelsesorlov er alt i alt uden ind virkning på beskæftigelsen og øver kun en beskeden ind flydelse på arbejdsstyrkens kvalifikationer og mulighed for beskæftigelse.
The current legislation and provisions relating to individual education and training leave have no overall effect on the employment situation and have little effect on the skills and employability of the work force.
Det er det resultat, den tredje af de undersøgelser, CEDEFOP anmodede om , kom til.
This is the conclusion reached by the third report commissioned by CEDEFOP (6).
Kun en ubetydelig procentdel af den aktive befolkning (under 0,1$) nyder godt af de muligheder, disse lovgivninger åbner.
Only a very small percentage (less than 0.1%) of the working population benefits from the possibilities offered by this legislation.
Kvinderne, arbejdstagere uden eller med kun få kvalifikationer og lønmodtagere i små og mellem store virksomheder berøres meget lidt heraf, i hvert fald langt mindre end den offentlige sektors ansatte på for skellige niveauer og repræsentanter for personalet.
Women, workers having few or no qualifications, employees of small and medium enterprise are not affected to any great extent, and in any case much less so than managerial staff, public sector employees and staff representatives.
Selv om de fleste af medlemsstaterne har undertegnet ILOs resolution om uddannelsesorlov fra 1974, er udbuddet af uddannelse på denne baggrund temmelig ringe.
Although the majority of Member States signed the 1974 ILO convention on paid educational leave, they have done little to develop the range of education and training available in this area.
III - KONFERENCENS OPGAVE: UDFORMNING AF EN INTEGRERET UDDANNELSESPOLITIK. DER ER AFPASSET EFTER DE FOR SKELLIGE NATIONALE FORHOLD
III - THE WORK OF THE CONFERENCE: DEVELOPING INTEGRATED AND DIVERSIFIED EDUCATION AND TRAINING POLICIES
Konklusionerne i forskningsberetningerne bekræftedes i vidt omfang af konferencens deltagere.
The conclusions of' the research reports were largely confirmed by the conference delegates.
De utilstrækkelige bevillinger, som fortsat først og fremmest anvendes til erhvervsuddannelse af de unge og deres indplacering i erhvervslivet, såvel på nationalt som på fællesskabsplan; ulige adgang til uddannelserne, hvorfra det store flertal af den erhvervsaktive befolkning er udelukket, endvidere svarer de kun dårligt til f.eks. de arbejdsløses behov; ulige fordeling af bestræbelserne på vedvarende uddannelse mellem store og små og mellemstore virksomheder samt mellem regionale og lokale områder; manglende overensstemmelse mellem uddannelsens indhold og metoder: konferencen kom til den slutning, at det var mangel på indbyrdes sammenhæng mellem initiativerne, der var årsag til spild og mange tab, og ud fra denne konstatering gik den i gang med at udrede de baner, fremtidige aktioner skal ledes ind på.
Inadequate resources which continue to be given priority allocation to the training and professional integration of the young, both at the national and the Community level; unequal access to training from which the large majority of the working population is excluded and which does not meet the requirements of the unemployed in particular; unequal distribution of continuing education and training programmes between large, small and medium-sized enterprises, and between regional and local areas; inadequate education and training techniques and contents. The conference concluded that approaches lacked consistency, with the result that efforts were squandered and misapplied, and attempted to discover guidelines for future action accordingly.
Voksenuddannelserne skal tage hensyn til det, der alle rede er konstateret som værende særlige vanskeligheder for en gruppe, der ofte i mange år ikke har modtaget undervisning.
National and Community policies in this field should work, above all, towards the improvement and diversification of the range of education and training available to adults.
Disse uddannelser bør således så vidt muligt bygge på de voksnes liys-_og_erhyervserfåring således, . at denne erfaring indgår i undervisningen og dermed fremmer deltagernes motivation,
This involves : offering training which is not simply a copy of the teaching given to young people, but is adapted to the specific needs of adults ; formulating the range of training available so that it responds to developments in the labour market.
. at der tages hensyn til denne erfaring i adgangsbetingelserne til erhvervsuddannelserne (når der rent faktisk er en forbindelse mellem denne erfaring og den pågældende uddannelse) på lige fod med egentlige papirer på tid ligere undervisning.
Training designed for adults should take into account previous experience as well as the specific difficulties of people who have left the education system, often many years before.
For at gøre de voksne fortrolige med uddannelsen bør der endvidere . indføres erhvervsvejledning og -rådgivning; den kan eventuelt gøres obligatorisk for de uddannelsessøgende; . ske en reform af den indledende uddannelse og af ajourføringen af de voksnes kundskaber; deres kvalifikationsniveau er ofte for lavt eller ikke tilstrækkelig egnet til, at de kan få direkte adgang til erhvervsuddannelserne; også her bør det undgås, at uddannelserne bliver en simpel efterligning af den (skole)undervisning, der foreslås de unge;
Training should therefore draw, as far as possible, on the life and work experience of adults: by integrating it into the education and training, and therefore sustaining the motivation of the participants; by taking it into account in selection for vocational training (in cases where there is an actual link between this experience and the training in question) in the same way as the formal qualifications obtained during previous education.
. ved tilrettelæggelsen af uddannelserne tages hensyn til de voksnes indlæringstempo og deres særlige bindinger, gives fortrinsstilling til korte uddannelser tilrettelagt i moduler samt ske en maksimal decentralisering af administrationen af kurserne, således at tid og sted ikke hindrer de voksne i at deltage; . sættes særlige bestræbelser i gang, hvad angår de pædagogiske metoder, indføres afveksling mellem uddannelse og praktisk faglig erfaring, i vid udstrækning gøres brug af metoder, der gør det muligt for de voksne at ud danne sig i et tempo, der passer dem f.eks. gennem anvendelse af fjernundervisning, og endelig i højere grad gøres brug af de nye teknologier som middel til indlæring.
In order to bring adults into training, it would also be advisable: to promote vocational guidance and counselling and possibly even to make this a compulsory step in the process; to rethink the pretraining and remedial education of adults who often have a level of skills which is either too low or inappropriate for direct entry into vocational training - and to avoid, in this respect as well, education and training which is merely an imitation of the teaching given to school children; to take into account, when planning training, the learning speed and the specific difficulties encountered by adults, to give priority to short, modular courses, to decentralize as far as possible the administration of education and training schemes so that adults are not prevented from taking part by times and places; to pay particular attention to instruction techniques, to develop schemes alternating study and practical vocational experience enabling adults to be trained at the speed which suits them, using, in particular, distance learning, and to make greater use of the new technologies as a means of learning.
Afveksling mellem uddannelse og praktisk erfaring samt modulopbyggede uddannelser kan fremme de enkeltes efter spørgsel efter uddannelse og de gør det ligeledes muligt lettere at tilpasse uddannelsestilbuddet til udviklingen inden for beskæftigelsen.
Whilst alternance training and modular training may encourage individual requests for training, they also enable the range of training offered to be more readily adapted to employment developments.
Denne tilpasning er påkrævet i stadig højere grad på grund af de nye informationsteknologier, som bl.a. takket være de muligheder, de frembyder for anvendelse på vidt forskellige områder samt den stadig hurtigere indførelse af dem i nær fremtid kan komme til at berøre alle former for beskæftigelse.
The new information technologies make this type of adaptation increasingly necessary precisely because their extremely diversified applications and their rapid speed of introduction, make them likely to affect all jobs in the near future.
. forberede på ændringerne i tilrettelæggelsen af arbejdet og i arbejdsforholdene, som i et omfang, man i dag knap fatter, vil ske sideløbende med de teknologiske ændringer.
- 26 - therefore confronted: with a new audience, amongst which people who are not used to learning have an important position, with new contents which may evolve rapidly and then become outdated (possibly even before they are included in training programmes).
For at den udfordring, der ligger i en forbedring af til buddet, kan tages op, skal flere betingelser opfyldes: . uddannelsen af_underviserne skal omlægges både med hensyn til indhold (det skal gøres bredere) og til den stadige ajourføring af deres faglige kundskaber;
In this context there will have to be a great deal of innovation in continuing education and training if it is to: provide the work force with the skills to master new techniques and new jobs, overcome psychological resistance to the new technologies, prepare for the changes in the organization of work and working relationships which accompany technological change to an extent which is not fully appreciated at present.
^n ê_2Ï.^ÉâSS2iSêS skal udbygges både over for undervisere og dem, der træffer afgørelserne, og over for de enkelte; . en vurdering af behovene og af virkningen af undervisningen bør blive almindelig praksis i hvert fald (men ikke kun), når det drejer sig om pilotptojekter;
All the countries of Europe have implemented, for the most part since the end of the seventies, vocational training and integration measures aimed at certain specific categories of the population: the young, the unemployed, women, migrant workers, the handicapped etc.
• iS22ÎaiSSÎi2êêS-§i_S§5ÎliSS_iSY2iY®ïê^®2»5S2Î£552l2êï bør udbygges og gøres generel.
Continuing education and training activities are diverted towards measures involving aid, generally of a short-term nature, to the detriment of in-firm training and therefore the productive sector.
BEDRE OPFYLDELSE AF MARGINALGRUPPERNES BEHOV
Massive investment in the training of young people may
Af konferencens arbejde fremgår et andet felt, hvor der skal sættes ind, nemlig målgrupperne for uddannelsen.
- 28 - produce a gulf within the working population in terms of qualifications, with young people obtaining relatively highlevel qualifications, whilst those of adult employees remain static, as the range of refresher and remedial education and training has not developed at a corresponding speed.
Det drej er sig her om at gå fra foranstaltninger til positiv forskelsbehandling til en mere samlet behandling af de dårligt stillede grupper og sørge for, at disse befolkningsgrupper får adgang til det fastsatte tilbud om voksenuddannelse.
The conference delegates considered, however, that the position of the long-term unemployed called for particular attention, if only because the range of training offered to this sector of the population, which is very difficult to provide with the motivation for training and which is, more so than other sectors, given very little chance to master technological changes, is particularly inadequate both in terms of quality and quantity.
Navnlig siden begyndelsen af 70'erne har samtlige europæiske stater iværksat foranstaltninger med henblik på erhvervsuddannelse og faglig indplacering af bestemte kategorier af befolkningen: unge, arbejdsløse, kvinder, vandrende arbejdstagere, handicappede m.fl. Selv om det velbegrundede i disse foranstaltninger ikke kan drages i
However this also involves the development of a comprehensive approach which, by filling the educational gaps (of a general nature) of the long-term unemployed, would enable their permanent re-integration into the working population.
- 27 - tvivl, er der imidlertid forskellige risici forbundet med det store udbud af sådanne foranstaltninger:
- 29 - problematical in so far as a large number of the unemployed, even those who have been trained, will remain without jobs.
Indgrebene kommer i de fleste til fælde fra de offentlige myndigheder og en uønsket om fordeling af opgaverne kan blive en følge heraf ("haste"foranstaltninger hører ind under det offentliges ansvarsområde, den vedvarende uddannelse af lønmodtagerne hører ind under den private sektors), men det, det drejer sig om, er netop at nå frem til en bedre koordinering og vekselvirkning mellem de offentlige og private bestræbelser (jf. nedenfor).
It is for this reason that the training of adults should be understood in a wider sense and should always give equal emphasis to social abilities and technical and vocational knowledge. These social abilities, including the ability to adapt to and master technological changes as well as the ability to deal with a difficult social and psychological situation, may not always provide an immediate return on the labour market, but constitute a more promising basis for future professional development and in any case provide an improved ability to handle life and therefore an improved enjoyment of life.
Der er en risiko for, at de store investeringer i uddannelsen af de unge frembringer en spaltning af kvalifikationerne hos den erhvervsaktive del af befolkningen, idet de unge opnår relativt høje kvalifikationer, medens de voksne lønmodtageres kun udvikler sig i ringe grad, fordi tilbuddet om omskolingsuddannelse og ajourføring ikke udbygges i et tilsvarende tempo.
Providing these people with certain basic tools enabling them to achieve technical mastery of job techniques and combatting illiteracy, the extent of which is now known, is a considerable task which is augmented by the fact that technological change does not only affect these basic skills, but produces large numbers of new technological "illiterates". Considerable resources should be devoted to solving this problem.
Men også her drejer det sig om at udforme et samlet initiativ, som ud fra (de ikke kun specifikke) huller i den viden, de langtidsledige har, gør det muligt for dem igen at indgå varigt i den erhvervsaktive befolkning.
- 30 - of young people and the continuing education and training of adults is an important objective in this context.