natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hvidbogen fokuserer på til nærmelse af lovgivning, net og tjenester, efterfulgt af yderligere tiltag til en gradvis liberalisering af sektoren.
This should ensure that MATAV can be run as a business profitable enough to allow for further investment.
Den nyeste lovgivning om net og tjenester dækker hovedparten af EU-lovgivningen.
The main public service television broadcaster is Hungarian Television, which operates as a private company but is 100% State-owned.
Reguleringstiltag vedrørende samtrafik og lige vilkår for nye virksomheder på markedet har bidraget til, at der hurtigt er skudt mange nye virksomheder op, der udbyder forskellige tjenester.
Hungary should have little difficulty in adopting the EC model of telecommunications liberalization in the medium term because it has already implemented most of the acquis communautaire. If for eign investment continues at its current pace and if
I begyndelsen af 1990'erne havde Ungarn et ringe udviklet telenet, på trods af at den økonomiske liberalisering allerede var i gang.
The State monopoly over film production was lifted in the late 1980s.
Dækningsgraden var meget lav — kun 11 %, men der er sket store fremskridt siden da, navnlig som følge af en hurtig liberalisering af telemarkedet.
Government subsidies for film production, provided indirectly, amount to approximately HUF 1 billion (ECU 5 million) per year.
Det ser ud til, at Ungarn har tilstrækkelig admini­strativ kapacitet til at gennemføre EU­lovgivnin­gen. Imidlertid er den nationale kommunikati­ønsmyndighed undergivet transportministeriets direkte tilsyn.
The distribution sector is largely controlled by two US enterprises.
Dermed er myndighedsfunktionen ikke uafhængig af den ejerskabsfunktion. der udøves af staten i forhold til MATAV.
Its ability properly to adhere to the acquis presupposes an upgrading of the capacity of the programme-making industry to meet the important challenges of an adapted regulatory framework.
Ungarns strategi for en hurtig udvidelse af telenet­tet har været en succes.
Hungarian audiovisual legislation is in large measure compatible with EU requirements.
I 1995 var der 10.2 ansatte pr. 1 000 tilslutninger (gennemsnittet i Irland.
The Hungarian Government has said that it can take on the audiovisual acquis by the time of accession to the EU and is working toward a more complete transposition in the meantime.
Portugal og Grækenland er 6.2).
Accession means closer monetary and exchange rate cooperation with the European Union.
Ventelisterne for en telefontilslutning forventes afskaffet midt i 1997.
This will require strengthening structural reforms in the area of monetary and exchange rate policies.
Prisen på en standardtilslutning til erhvervs­formål (416 ECU) er den højeste i regionen, og ind­tægten pr. tilslutning (ca. 270 ECU i 1995) er også blandt de højeste.
Member States not participating in the euro area will be able to conduct an autonomous monetary policy and participate in the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) on a restricted basis.
Det bør betyde, at MATAV's udbytte er tilstrækkeligt til at tillade yderligere investeringer.
Their central banks have to be independent and have price stability as their primary objective.
Man er i gang med at forberede et takstreformpro­gram, der har til formål at indføre omkostningsba­serede takster i 1998.
Monetary policy has to be conducted with market-based instruments and has to be efficient in transmitting its impulses to the real economy.
Med henblik på at finansiere omkostningerne i forbindelse med forsyningsplig­ten vil der blive oprettet en »kommunikationsfond« i 1997. Det vil være nødvendigt med politiske tiltag for al sikre, at forsyningspligten opfyldes under de nye konkurrencevilkår og for at udjævne store for­skelle i dækningsgraden.
Therefore, reforms need to be pursued to tackle factors that hinder the efficiency of monetary policy, such as the lack of competition in the banking sector, the lack of development of financial markets and the problem of bad loans in the banking sector.
Ungarn burde ikke have nævneværdige problemer med at overtage EF's model for liberalisering af telesektoren pá lidt længere sigt. da det allerede har gennemfort hovedparten af EU­lovgivningen.
As a result of the progress made, Hungary will shortly be invited to participate in Community audiovisual policy (and, in particular, the MEDIA II programme).
Dækningsgraden for telefoni er steget fra 11 abon­nenttilslutninger pr. 100 indbyggere i 1991 til 26 i 1996 (gennemsnittet for Irland.
In view of the continuing progress toward legislative alignment, and provided that this is accompanied by the necessary structural adaptations of the industry, Hungary should be able to meet EC requirements in the audiovisual sector in the next few years.
60 7c af det faste net og ca. 85 7c af mobilnettene var digitaliseret i 1996 (sammenlig­net med et gennemsnit på 62.4 7c for Irland, Portugal øg Grækenland) Alle landets teledistrikter er forbundet af' et lysledernet med en længde på 2 500 km.
While the fulfilment of the convergence criteria is not a pre condition for EU membership, they remain key points of reference for stability oriented macroeconomic policies, and must in time be fulfilled by new Member States on a permanent basis.
På grundlag af denne modernisering af nettet begyndte indførelsen af avancerede tjenester som f.eks" ISDN i 1995. og der er nu ca. 2 000 ISDN­linjer.
Hence the successful conclusion of systematic transformation and market oriented structural reforms is essential.
Siden 1996 er'teknologier som SDH og ATM gradvis blevet indført i Budapest og det overordnede net.
Hungary's economic situation and pro gress has already been analysed in preceding chapters of this opinion.
Der ei' foretaget store udenlandske investeringer i sektoren.
The Hungarian Central Bank is formally independent from the government.
67 7c af aktierne i den nationale netopera­tør.
In practice, however, the appointments of new governors have coincided with changes in the government.
MATAV. er overtaget af et konsortium mellem Deutsche Telekom og Ameritech.
Finally, a recent amendment to the CB Law has almost eliminated any differences between this Law and the Treaty provision concerning the prohibition of budget deficit financing by the central bank.
Udbyderen af personsøgetjenester. Operator Hungaria. er en joint venture mellem TDF Radio­Services. Frankrig (49 7c) og TeleHungaria (51 7c). De to andre opera­torer af personsøgetjenester, Easy Call Hungary og Eurohivo Kit Magyar Paging, er joint ventures mellem Matrix Telecommunications og Telecom Finland samt Microsystem Telecom Corporation og Gerard AC Sales and Leasing (USA).
By the time of Hungary's accession, the third stage of EMU will have commenced.
Den anden GSM­opera­tør, WesTel 900 GSM, og selskabet, der udbyder analog mobiltelefoni, er joint ventures mellem MATAV (51 %/43,6%) og amerikanske og andre selskaber (49 %/56,4 %).
They will be required to respect the stability and growth pact, to renounce any direct central bank financing of the public sector deficit and privileged access of public authorities to financial insti-
Direktiverne om »fjernsyn uden grænser« er en fase I­foranstaltning i hvidbogen.
The monetary policy strategy implemented since March 1995 within the framework of a consistent
Lovgrundlaget for Den audiovisuelle­sektor udgøres af løven fra 1996 om radio­ og tv­tjenester.
stabilization programme, has undoubtedly been effective in reducing inflation.
Loven ophævede statens monopol på informations­området og oprettede det nationale radio­ og tv­ratl. som er ansvarligt for vurderingen af ansøgninger om sendetilladelse, overvågning af medier, pro­gramo νervagning og kontrolforanstaltninger.
In addition, the process of transition towards a market-based mon etary policy appears to be quite advanced: the Hungarian central bank uses indirect instruments only to control the money supply.
Del største public service­organ er det ungarske tv, som drives som et privat foretagende, men er 100 7 < statsejet. Det har en markedsandel pa 72 7c. og resten deles af en række nationale og udenland­ske kanaler. Processen med tildeling af tilladelser til private stationer er godt i gang. Statens monopol på filmproduktion blev ophævet i slutningen af' 1980'erne.
Bank privatization has proceeded at a fast pace, with huge participation of foreign investors; bad loans have been reduced to non-critical levels; the bankruptcy law is implemented quite efficiently and banks do cer tainly not face a soft budget constraint.
Statsstøtten til filmpro­duktion, som ydes indirekte, udgør ca. en mia. HUF (fem mio. ECU) om året.
Finally, the market of Government papers is one of the most developed in the region.
Distributionssek­toren er hovedsagelig kontrolleret af' to amerikan­ske selskaber.
However, it is important that the privatization of commercial banks continues and that competition in the banking sector is increased in order to enhance the efficiency of the transmission mechanism and to increase the CB's ability to control monetary aggregates.
På det tidspunkt, hvor Ungarn tiltræder, vil ØMU'en være gået ind i tredje fase.
The indirect taxation acquis consists primarily of harmonized legislation in the field of value added tax and excise duties.
Dette vil med­føre betydelige ændringer før samtlige medlems­stater, herunder dem. der ikke indgår i euro­områ­det.
This implies an equal tax treatment of domestic and non-domestic (import) transactions.
Alle medlemsstater, også de nye. vil komme til at deltage fuldt ud i Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union.
The VAT acquis also contains transitional arrangements for the taxation of transactions within the European Union between taxable persons.
Deres økonomiske politik vil være et anlig­gende af fælles interesse, og de vil blive inddraget i samordningen af den økonomiske politik (natio­nale konvergensprogrammer, overordnede økono­miske retningslinjer, multilateral overvågning, pro­cedure i tilfælde af for stort underskud).
In the field of excise duties the acquis contains harmonized tax structures and minimum rates of duty together with common rules on the holding and movement of harmonized excisable goods (including the use of fiscal warehouses). As a result of the introduction of the single market, all fiscal controls at the Community's internal frontiers were abolished in January 1993.
De skal overholde stabilitets­ og vækstpagten, må ikke direkte lade deres centralbank finansiere offentlige underskud eller give offentlige myndigheder privi­legeret adgang til finansieringsinstitutter, og de skal have gennemført liberaliseringen af kapitalbe­vægelser.
The mutual assistance between Member State tax authorities is an important feature of administrative cooperation in the internal market; the respective Directive covers both direct and indirect taxation.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
The Europe Agreement contains provisions on approximation of legislation in the area of indirect taxation.
Den audiovisuelle­sektor i Ungarn forsøger at genetablere sig efter store omvæltninger i de sene­re ar. og den er præget af hurtig vækst og stadig for­andring.
Since March 1995, the exchange rate has been playing the fundamental role of nominal anchor in the stabilization programme.
Sektorens mulighed før reelt at overholde fællesskabsretten afhænger af. om programindu­striens kapacitet forbedres, således at den kan imø­degå de store udfordringer, som en lovgivnings­mæssig ramme indebærer.
The exchange rate regime chosen at that time (crawling band), has proved to be successful in reducing inflation and curb speculative capital inflows.
Den ungarske regering har givet udtryk for. at den kan overtage den gældende fæl­lesskabsret ved tiltrædelsen af'EU. og den vil i mel­lemtiden arbejde i retning af en større tilpasning.
In addition, the sound and stabilizing policy mix implemented since March 1995, has helped the exchange rate to move along the preannounced path without any particular tension.
Som resultat af de fremskridt, der er gjort, vil Ungarn om kort tid blive inviteret til at deltage i Fællesskabets av­politik (specielt i MEDIA II­pro­g rammet).
The White Paper contains as Stage I measures those which make up the main requirements of the indirect taxation acquis (essentially, those measures applied in the Community up to 1993), and as Stage II measures those which are in addition necessary to implement the full indirect taxation acquis.
Deres central­banker skal være uafhængige, og deres vigtigste mål skal være at sikre prisstabilitet.
The two company taxation Directives and the arbitration Convention provide for a mechanism which applies on the basis of reciprocity.
Den monetære politik skal gennemføres ved hjælp af markedsba­serede instrumenter og fungere effektivt i den for­stand, at dens impulser hurtigt får virkning for øko­nomien.
Respective pro visions can therefore by definition not be expected to exist before accession.
Derfor skal reformpolitikken videreføres med henblik på at eliminere de faktorer, der hindrer en effektiv monetær politik, f.eks. utilstrækkelig konkurrence i banksektoren, utilstrækkelig udvik­ling af de finansielle markeder og problemet med »dårlige lån« inden for banksektoren.
Hungary's participation in the third stage of EMU as a non-participant in the euro area should pose no problems in the medium term, provided that central bank legislation is made fully compatible with EC rules and that the stability orientation of current monetary and exchange rate policies is maintained.
På baggrund af' den fortsatte tilpasning af lovgiv­ningen, og forudsat at denne ledsages af de nød­vendige strukturtilpasninger inden for industrien, skulle Ungarn i løbet af nogle få år være i stand til at opfylde EF­kravene på det audiovisuelle område.
The acquis in the area of direct taxation mainly concerns some aspects of corporation taxes and capital duty. The four freedoms of the EC Treaty have a wider impact on national tax systems.
Da medlemskab af' Den Europæiske Union inde­bærer accept af', at målet er at etablere ØMU'en, skal Ungarn på længere sigt opfylde konvergens­kriterierne, selv om det ikke nødvendigvis vil blive krævet ved tiltrædelsen.
The overall contribution of VAT and excise duty revenue to the Hungarian State budget was about 21 and 10% respectively in 1995.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
It is a solid starting point for future alignment with the Community VAT acquis.
Det er endnu for tidligt at udtale sig om. hvorvidt Ungarn pä tiltrædelsestidspunktet vil være i stand til at indgå i euro-området. Det vil afhænge al. hvorvidt landet lår held med strukturændringerne. sä det kan opfylde og til stadighed overholde konvergenskriterierne, hvilket imidlertid ikke er en for udsætning tor tiltrædelse.
A revised VAT Act entered into force on 1 January 1995. Hungary applies a dual VAT rate system: a standard VAT rate of 25% and a reduced VAT rate of 12%.
Ungarns deltagelse i ØMU'ens tredje fase. uden al landet indgår i euro-området, skulle ikke give anledning til problemer pa mellemlang sigt. under forudsætning al', at lovgivningen om centralbanken gøres fuldt ud forenelig med EF-reglerne. og at den monetære politik og valutakurspolitikken vedbliver med at være stabilitetsorienteret.
The definitions of goods and services are not identical with those contained in Community legislation. The Hungarian reduced VAT rate is applied to supplies other than those permitted under the Community legislation.
Centralbanken er formelt uafhængig af regeringen.
Certain activities are exempt from VAT without the right to claim the input credit on such supplies.
I praksis er chefen for centralbanken dog blevet udskiftet i forbindelse med regeringsændringer.
These exemptions relate mainly to activities in the public interest, financial and insurance services, property and lotteries and similar games.
Målet prisstabilitet fremgår ikke klart af' loven om centralbanken, men siden indførelsen af stabilitetspakken (marts 1995) har centralbankens mal været at sænke inflationen.
Hungary's membership of the European Union would require additional adjustments to bring the VAT legislation into line with the requirements of the Community acquis.
Endelig har den seneste ændring al' loven om centralbanken praktisk talt bragt denne lovs bestemmelse om forbud mod central bankens finansiering af budgetunderskud i fuld stændig overensstemmelse med de tilsvarende bestemmelser i traktaten.
This is in particular the case as regards the system of taxation necessary in a Community with no internal frontier controls.
Den gældende fællesskabsret om direkte beskatning berører hovedsagelig enkelte sider al' sel skabsskatten og kapitaltilførselsafgiften, mens de fire friheder i EF-traktaten har en mere omfattende indvirkning pa medlemsstaternes afgiftssystemer.
The Hungarian VAT Act provides for several special schemes in the field of commercial accommodation, the agricultural sector, second-hand goods and for retail traders.
Den pengepolitiske strategi, der har været fulgt sitien marts 1995 inden for rammerne af et omfat tende stabiliseringsprogram, har utvivlsomt virket inflationsbekæmpende.
The Hungarian national strategy plan for implementing the recommendations of the White Paper regarding VAT is planned, in the short term (during 1997), to give priority to the introduction of arrangements for taxing certain services on the basis of the so-called reverse charge mechanism, whereby the service will be either taxed at the hands of the recipient, or he or somebody else may be held jointly and severally liable for the payment of the tax.
Privatiseringen af bankerne er gået hurtigt, med massiv deltagelse af udenlandske investorer.
A new scheme for second-hand goods is planned to be based on the margin principle.
De »dårlige Ian« er blevet reduceret, sa dc ikke længere udgør nogen kritisk faktor.
An extension of the current special scheme for small undertakings is envisaged.
Konkurslovgivningen håndhæves ret effektivt, og de budgetkrav, der stilles til bankerne, kan bestemt ikke kttldes eftergivende.
The aim is, by 1998, to bring the Hungarian VAT system into line with that of the Community.
Endelig er markedet for statspapirer et af de mest udviklede i regionen.
There are significant discrepancies between the Hungarian excise regime and EC requirements.
Det er imidlertid vigtigt, at privatiseringen al' forretningsbanker fortsætter, og at konkurrencen i bank sektoren skærpes for således at fremskynde omstillingsprocessen og øge centralbankens evne til at styre de pengepolitiske størrelser.
Firstly, there exists no excise suspension system where goods can move between authorized tax warehouses without payment of duty.
Den valutakurspolitik, der blev valgt pa det tidspunkt (glidende margen = crawling band), har formået at formindske inflationen og modvirke tilstrømning af spekulativ kapital.
Excise duties are levied on a wide range of products including products other than those subject to common excise duties within the Community (mineral oils, alcohol and alcoholic beverages and manufactured tobacco).
Myndighederne overvejer med titlen at formindske den nuværende glidningstakt fortit fastholde inflationsforventningerne pa et lavere niveau.
Generally the duty is ad valorem in nature, with an additional specific duty for spirits, beers and cigarette's.
Desuden har
Only mineral oils are charged on a purely specific basis.
Den gældende fællesskabsret på området indirekte beskatning består først og fremmest al' harmoniseret lovgivning øm moms og forbrugsafgifter.
Secondly, ad valorem taxation of spirits tends to exaggerate price differentials between products and is open to challenge as being discriminatory against the more expensive imports in favour of local pro ducers.
Dette omfatter anvendelse af en ikke-kumulativ generel forbrugsafgift (moms), som opkræves i alle led af produktionen og distributionen af varer og tjeneste ydelser.
Also, the system of taxation of wine and tobacco (on an ad valorem basis) and taxation of beer (based on two elements) are not compatible with Community law.
Det betyder ens beskatning al' indenlandske og udenlandske (import-)transaktioner.
In the event of accession, excise duties on products not belonging to the abovementioned catecories
Den gældende fællesskabsret pa minusområdet omfatter også overgangsordninger før beskatning af transaktioner mellem afgiftspligtige inden for EL1.
The tax administration has not yet had to develop its capacity for mutual assistance with the tax authorities of Member States, since mutual assist ance is a feature which would only become applicable on accession.
Den gensidige bistand mellem medlemsstaternes afgiftsmyndigheder er et vigtigt element i det administrative samarbejde i det indre marked. De pågældende direktiver dækker både direkte og indirekte beskatning.
Statistics could continue to apply provided, however, that they would not give rise to border-crossing formal ities in trade between Member States and that they complied with the principles of non-discrimination between national products and products originating in other Member States.
Refusion af for meget erlagt moms er principielt kun muligt i særlige tilfælde, som når en afgiftspligtig har foretaget betydelige investeringer, eller hvis han har fremsendt en erklæring om, at han ikke mere er afgiftspligtig.
The main principles of the Community acquis relate to the impartiality, reliability, transparency, confidentiality (of individual information) and dissemination of official statistics.
I andre tilfælde modregnes den før meget erlagte moms med den afgift, der skal betales med den efterfølgende momsangivelse. På gensidig basis refunderes der moms til afgiftspligtige uden fast forretningssted i Ungarn.
In addition, there exists an important body of principles and practices concerning the use of European and international classifications, systems of national accounts, business registers, and various categories of statistics.
Den ungarske momslovgivning omhandler adskillige særordninger for overnatning mod betaling, landbrugssektoren, brugte varer og detailhandlere.
The Europe Agreement provides for cooperation to develop effective and reliable statistics, in harmony with international standards and classifications.
Hvidbogen indeholder i fase 1 de foranstaltninger, der udgør hovedkravene i fællesskabsretten om indirekte beskatning (hovedsagelig de foranstaltninger, der blev iværksat i Fællesskabet indtil 1993). og i fase II de foranstaltninger, som der der udover er behov for til gennemførelse af den gældende fællesskabsret om indirekte beskatning fuldt ud.
In order to ensure a correct application of the Community excise legislation it is important that Hungary adopts soon excise tax structures compatible with EC law at the minimum taxation level applicable in the EC; EC compatible arrangements for the effective operation of the excise regime (tax warehouses, registered traders, etc.); and strength ening of control procedures (using tax stamps or other fiscal markings) to combat fraud.
De to direktiver om selskabsbeskatning og konventionen om voldgiftslovgivning indeholdet" et system, der hviler på gensidighed.
The Central Statistical Office (KSH), the central body charged with producing and disseminating official statistics in Hungary, works closely with the National Statistical Council (NSC), particularly in the preparation of the annual survey programme.
Pr. definition kan det derfor ikke forventes, at der indføres bestemmelser herom inden tiltrædelsen.
The legal basis for Hungarian official statistics consists of the 1993 Law on Statistics.
Det gældende forbrugsafgiftssystem i Ungarn trådte i kraft 6. januar 1992.
The Hungarian strategy plan for implementing the provisions of the White Paper does not provide a clear timetable for future adjustments to Hungarian excise legislation.