natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der er en stigende efterspørgsel efter kurertjenester på grund af den stigende globalisering af produktionen og stadig strammere leveringsfrister, og det er derfor sandsynligt, at der i fremtiden vil komme endnu mere konkurrence fra andre kurervirksomheder.
Demand for express services is growing due to increasing globalisation of manufacturing activities and ever-tightening supply-chain schedules, and there is therefore likely to be even more competition from other express delivery operators in future.
Endvidere har fjernelsen af told på fragttransport i ELI gjort vejtransport til levering af pakker merekonkurrencedygtig, også når leveringen skal finde sted den følgende dag.
Furthermore, the abolition of customs duties on intraCommunity freight movements has made road transport a more competitive option for the delivery of packages, even where next-day delivery is required.
Endvidere bliver det marked, som DHLI driver virksomhed på, dvs. markedet for kurervirksomhed, i stadig højere grad defineret som internationalt eller endda globalt. I sag nr. IV/M.843 PTT Post/TNT/ CD Express Worldwide2" vurderede Kommissionen, at international kurervirksomhed, internationalt ekspresgods. indenlandsk kurervirksomhed, indenlandsk ekspresgods og logistik, der tidligere blev betragtet som to adskilte markeder, nu er et stort marked-'.
Technical improvements in, and the greater availability of, telecopying and electronic mail have also strengthened these forms of communication as competitive alternatives to courier delivery of documents.Moreover, the market on which DHLI operates, i.e. the market for express delivery services, is increasingly defined as international if not global.
Den lov. hvorved elektricitetsdirektivet gennemføres i tysk ret. betyder, at elektricitetsmarkedet straks liberaliseres fuldstændigt.
The legislation transposing the electricity directive into German law provides for the electricity market to be opened up immediately and without restriction.
Der indføres derfor et system med forhandlet adgang til transport- og distributionsncttene. samtidig med at regeringen får mulighed for at regulere denne adgang, hvis det viser sig nødvendigt.
To that end, it envisages a system of negotiated access to transmission and distribution networks while allowing the government to regulate access where required.
Valg af forhandlet tredjepartsadgang i en stat. der som Tyskland har flere hundrede netoperatører, har fået regeringen til at opfordre de repræsentative organisationer til at indgå en aftale med de vigtigste interesserede parter, hvori de fastsætter de fælles tarifprincipper.
Following the decision to opt for negotiated access to networks in Germany, where the market is shared between several hundred network operators, the German Government encouraged the bodies representing the main interested parties to conclude a framework agreement setting out joint principles for the calculation of tariffs.
Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence gennemgik i 1998 denne aftale (»Verbändevereinbarung«, forkortet »VV«) inden for rammerne af en ex officio-procedure, der førte til fremsendelse af et brev til parterne, hvis hovedindhold resumeres nedenfor.
The Directorate-General for Competition examined this agreement (known as the `VerbaÈndevereinbarung' or `VV') on an ex officio basis in 1998. A letter along the following lines was sent to the parties:
VV blev indgået den 22. maj 1998 mellem repræsentanter for elindustrien (Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätwerke e.V. - VDEW) og repræsentanter for forbrugerne og/eller elproducenterne (Verband der Industriellen Energie- und Kraftwirtschaft e.V. VIK og Bundesverband dei Deutschen Industrie e.V. — BDI) for en begrænset varighed frem til den 30. september 1999.
The VV was concluded on 22 May 1998 between representatives of the electricity industry (Vereinigung Deutscher ElektrizitaÈtswerke eV Ð VDEW) and of industrial consumers/producers of electricity (Verband der Industriellen Energie- und Kraftwirtschaft eV Ð VIK and Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie eV Ð BDI). It is due to expire on 30 September 1999.
Aftalen fastsætter de forskellige gældende tariffer for de forskellige mulige transmissionsformer.
The agreement lays down the different tariffs applicable depending on the characteristics of each transmission scenario.
Tarifferne omfatter bl.a. driftsomkostninger for nettet efter spændingsniveau, omkostninger ved ændring af spændingsniveau samt omkostninger i forbindelse med »vedligeholdelse af systemet« (spændingsregulering. frekvensregulering ...).
Tariffs reflect the cost of using the network for each voltage level, the cost of conversion from one voltage level to another and the cost of `system maintenance' services (voltage control, frequency control, etc.).
Disse udgiftsposter faktureres med en fasi pris (»frimærke«-princippet) én gang og justeres med en faktor i forhold til det tidsrum, i hvilken installationerne bruites.
A system of flat-rate billing is used for these tariffs (`stamp' principle), adjusted in accordance with a factor linked to the time for which installations are used.
I afsnit 25.
Paragraph 25.
Det skal bemærkes, at hvis en transmission implicerer flere net. der tilhører forskellige operatører22, begrænses faktureringen af hver udgiftspost til en gennemsnitspris, således at der ikke sker en priskumulering for hvert net.
157 transmission involves a number of networks belonging to different operators,22 billing is restricted to an average price for each tariff and so the prices for each network are not added together.
VV fastsætter ligeledes prisen for yderligere en komponent indekseret efter afstanden og i tilfælde af højspændingstransmission faktureret for en distance på over 100 km.
The VV also sets the price of an additional component indexed by distance and billed in cases of highvoltage transmission over a distance of more than 100 km.
I det tilfælde skal der til transmissionsomkostningerne lægges 12,50 DEM/kW* 100km* pr. år.
In that case, an amount of DEM 12.50/ kW*100km*per annum must be added to the cost of transmission.
VV er en aftale mellem sammenslutninger af virksomheder, der har til formål og virkning at fastsætte tariferingsprincipper og — for højspænding over 100 km — fælles priser.
The VV is an agreement between associations of companies which has the object and effect of establishing common principles for calculating tariffs and Ð as regards highvoltage transmission over more than 100 km Ð a common price.
Aftalen har et horisontalt element (sælgerne af transmissionstjenester i VDEW) og et vertikalt element (sælgerne og nogle af deres købere).
The agreement has a horizontal component (sellers of the transmission service within the VDEW) and a vertical component (sellers and some of their buyers).
Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence nåede- i sin analyse frem til, at der herskede konkurrencevilkår for sælgerne af transmissionstjenester. og at en eventuel konkurrencebegrænsning kunne påvirkesamhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne, idet den havde virkninger i hele Tyskland.
In its analysis, the Directorate-General for Competition took the view that the sellers of the transmission service were engaging in competition and that any restrictions of competition were likely to affect trade between Member States insofar as they covered the whole of Germany.
I lighed med Bundeskartellamt, der ligeledes havde undersøgt VV. informerede Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence parterne om sin principielle positive holdning, samtidig med at man gav udtryk for visse forbehold vedrørende nogle aspekter, der nævnes nedenfor.
The Directorate-General for Competition Ð following the example of the Bundeskartellamt (Federal Cartel Office), which also investigated the VV Ð notified the parties of its positive assessment in principle while also expressing a number of reservations concerning certain elements examined below.
Det skal bemærkes, at undersøgelsen fandt sted. før VV var gennemført i praksis, og at det på grund af de indviklede regler i aftalen og usikkerheden om anvendelsen af reglerne- på et marked, der liberaliseres, er nødvendigt med en vis forsigtighed.
It should be noted that the investigations took place before the VV had been implemented in practice and that a prudent approach was called for in the light of the complexity of the rules laid down in the agreement and the incalculable impact of their implementation on a market in the process of openingup to competition.
VV's korte varighed synes endvidere at antyde, at parterne selv betragter aftalen som en etape snarere end en endelig aftale.
The short duration for which the VV was concluded would seem to indicate that the parties themselves regarded it as part of an ongoing process rather than a definitive agreement.
En positiv aftale ...
A positive agreement ...
For det første er aftalen et konkret skridt, der sammenbringer netoperatørerne og visse brugere for at organisere de praktiske arrangementer i forbindelse med adgang med det udgangspunkt, at eltransmission er en tjenesteydelse, der som alle andre udveksles på et marked.
First, the agreement is a tangible move to bring together network operators and some users in a bid to organise the practical arrangements for access. Discussions were based on the assumption that electricity transmission is a service like any other provided on a market.
Det er i sig selv et vigtigt fremskridt i forhold til den tidligere situation, hvor tredjepartsadgang var et omtvistet punkt.
This is in itself a large step forward compared with the previous situation, when access by third parties to the network was disputed.
Endvidere forventes netoperatørernes koordinering med henblik på udarbejdelse af fælles tarifprincipper at komme brugerne til gode.
In addition, coordination between network operators in establishing joint principles for calculating tariffs should benefit users.
De grundlæggende koordineringsprincipper er følgende:
The basic principles underlying coordination areas follows:
- en begrænsning i antallet af forhandlinger mellem brugere og netoperatører, idet sidstnævnte indbyrdes vil løse problemer med eltransmission via mere end ét net.
Ð negotiations between users and network operators are to be restricted in number. Operators are to resolve between themselves the problems associated with electricity transmission via more than one network.
Det betvder, at brugerne ikke behøver at forhandle med forskellige netoperatører, hvilket vil fremme konkurrencen
This means that users will not have to negotiate with several network operators, thus promoting the development of competition;
— den faste tarif opdeles på netindgang og netudgang for transmission ν ia mere end el net.
Ð flat-rate tariffs are to be shared between the feed-in network and the extraction network for transmission via more than one network.
Pa den måde kan man undgå en ren og skær sammenlægning af de individuelle omkostninger for de forskellige net. der måtte indgå i en transmission
In this way, the individual costs of each network involved in transmission are not simply added together;
­ kun de tariffer, der gælder for udgangsfasen. vil komme i betragtning.
Ð only the tariffs applicable to the extraction phase are taken into account.
Også det betyder, al man undgår sammenlægning af omkostninger.
This also avoids the addition of costs.
Endelig er de principper for tarifberegning, som foreningerne har valgt, klare, omkostningsbaserede og lette at identificere.
Lastly, the principles governing the calculation of tariffs selected by the associations are clear, costbased and easily identifiable.
... der giver anledning til visse forbehold
...which gives rise to a number of reservations
Disse forbehold kan opdeles i tre hovedkategorier: a) det faktum, at konkurrenter fastsætter en fælles pris (afstand over 100 km)
(a) the fact that competitors are setting a joint price (distance over 100 km)
Prisaftalerne er en af de konkurrencebegrænsende foranstaltninger, der specifikt nævnes i artikel 81. stk. 1. og som i princippet ikke kan fritages efter artikel 81. stk. 3.
Price-fixing agreements are one of the restrictions specifically referred to in Article 81(1) and are not exempted in principle pursuant to Article 81(3).
I det konkrete tilfælde har Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence imidlertid taget højde for de særlige forhold i denne sag:
However, in the case in point, the Directorate-General for Competition took the following facts into account:
­ de usædvanlig høje transmissionsomkostninger. der ville folge af en individuel forhandling mellem brugere af transmissionstjenester og alle de sælgere, det ville være nødvendigt at henvende sig lil. hvis VV ikke eksisterede.
Ð the exceptionally high transmission costs which would result from individual negotiations between transmission service users and each of the sellers they would be obliged to deal with if there were no VV;
­ ordlyden i eldirektivet. der specifikt giver den tyske regering mulighed for at regulere transmissionstarifferne. og som ville føre til en situation, der kan sammenlignes med den situation, der følger af VV. dvs. en ensartet tarifberegningsmetode for hele landet.
Ð the wording of the electricity Directive, which specifically provides for the German Government to regulate transmission tariffs, and which would give rise to a comparable situation to that resulting from the VV, i.e. a uniform tariff method for the whole country.
b) principper for tarifberegningsmetoderne
(b) principles underpinning tariff calculation methods
De aspekter, der kunne give anledning til tvivl om forenelighed med arlikel 81 og 82 er følgende:
The aspects likely to give rise to doubts as regards compatibility with Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty areas follows:
Det kunne fa negative følger ikke blot for det tyske' elmarked men også for den grænseoverskridende handel
As such, it could have a negative impact not just on the German electricity market but also on crossborder trade;
­ anvendelse af en vægtet minimumsafstand i tilfælde af flere netindgange og/eller nctudgange.
Ð the use of a weighted minimum distance in cases of multiple network feed-in and extraction points.
Del kunne give en fordel til de elproducenter, der har adgang til et stort marked spredt over el stort geografisk område' (f.eks. de store producenter, der allerede er pa markedet).
This might give an edge to electricity producers with access to a large market spread over a wide geographical area (e.g. major producers already present on the market).
En afstandsbaseret vægtning kunne ligeledes føre til en opdeling af markedet i geografiske områder, som del ikke ville være rentabelt for en ikke­lokal producent at operere i.
Equally, a distance-based weighting could result in the market being partitioned into geographical areas which it would not be viable for non-local producers to enter.
Endvidere kunne »elforhandlerc« med en diversificeret portefølje af produktionskontrakter bruge denne metode til at nedbringe deres transmissionsomkostninger.
In addition, electricity traders who had built up a diversified portfolio of production contracts might use the method to reduce their transmission costs.
Disse to aspekter skal sættes ind i den tyske sammenhæng, hvor de fleste netoperatører ligeledes er elproducenter og derfor potentiell følsomme over for den forventede udvikling pa sidstnævnte­marked.
These two aspects should be seen in the context of the German situation, in which most network operators are also electricity producers and therefore potentially sensitive to developments on the electricity market.
163 c) prisniveau som følge af anvendelsen af disse principper
(c) the price levels resulting from implementation of these principles
Det kan skyldes den metode, der er anvendt til fastsættelse af omkostninger.
This is thought to be due to the chosen method of determining costs.
Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence har meddelt aftaleparterne disse forbehold dog uden at indlede en procedure, der kunne fore til forbud mod aftalen.
The Directorate-General for Competition has conveyed its reservations to the parties to the VV but has not launched proceedings to have the agreement declared illegal.
Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence har besluttet at holde øje med aftalens følger i praksis for derefter at vurdere, om disse forbehold — der på nuværende tidspunkt er baseret på en teoretisk gennemgang — viser sig al være berettigede og i givet fald kræver handling.
It has decided to observe the agreement's practical impact before deciding whether its reservations Ð which are theoretical at this stage Ð prove founded, in which case it would be obliged to take action.
CENELEC (Den Europæiske Komité for Elektroteknisk Standardisering) er en privat sammenslutning, der beskæftiger sig med harmonisering af tekniske standarder for elektrisk udstyr i EU.
Cenelec (ComiteÂ EuropeÂen de Normalisation EÂ lectrotechnique - European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation) is a private association for the harmonisation of technical standards for electrical equipment within the Community.
CENELEC har indfort et fælles godkendt overensstemmelsesmærke for elektriske husholdningsapparater og andre elektriske apparater (kaldet »Keymark«). Ifølge sammenslutningens regler kunne der kun være ét medlem pr. land. hvilket udelukkede klageren.
Cenelec created a commonly agreed mark of conformity for household and similar electrical appliances (in short ªKeymarkº).
Efter en række­forhandlinger og brev udvekslinger indvilligede CENELEC i at give alle kvalificerede ansøgere adgang lil »Keymark« og behandle ansøgningerne pá en aben og gennemsigtig måde.
In a series of negotiations and exchanges of letters, an agreement with Cenelec was reached whereby access to the ªKeymarkº was opened up to all qualified certifiers who might apply and ensuring that their applications could be dealt within an open and transparent manner.
En sådan fair fremgangsmåde vil danne model for ansøgningsprocedurer på lignende områder.
These fair proceedings will serve as a model for application procedures in related fields.
TÜV har trukket sin klage tilbage.
The TUÈ V has withdrawn its complaint.
I de forgangne år har Kommissionen været meget opmærksom pá nogle licensaftaler og distribu­tionssystemer pá videospilområdet.
As in previous years, the Commission has paid close attention to the licensing schemes and distribution systems existing in the video games area.
I 1998 afsluttede Kommissionen således sin undersøgelse af de licensaftaler, der blev anvendt af Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, der er en førende leverandør af konsoller til ν ideospil og kompatible spil.
Thus in 1998 it completed its investigation of the licensing agreements used by Sony Computer Entertainment Europe, a leading supplier of video game consoles and compatible games.
For at give uafhængige software­selskaber mulighed for at udvikle og markedsføre kompatible spil med Sonys konsoller indførte selskabet en licensordning, der gav uafhængige software­selskaber adgang til nogle af Sonys intellektuelle ejendomsrettigheder.
In order to allow independent software companies to develop and publish games compatible with its console systems, Sony set up a licensing scheme granting independent software companies access to certain of its intellectual property rights.
Ifølge de oprindelige aftaler skulle udviklings­ og salgsselskaberne først indhente Sonys godkendelse af deres spilleprojekt, før de kunne udvikle eller sælge deres spil.
Under the original agreements in question, developers and publishers were obliged to obtain Sony's prior approval of the project before they were allowed to develop or launch their games.
Udviklings­ og salgsselskaber med licens kunne således ikke udvikle eller sælge deres spil via et selskab, der ikke var godkendt af Sony.
Licensed developers and publishers were not allowed to have their games developed or published by a company not authorised by Sony.
Sonys licenshavere skulle ligeledes lade deres spil fremstille af Sony.
Sony's licensees were also obliged to have their games manufactured by Sony.
Kommissionen fandt, at aftalerne var konkurrencebegrænsende og havde mærkbare følger for samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne.
The Commission found that the agreements restricted competition and had an appreciable effect on trade between Member States.
Kommissionen rejste derfor indsigelse over for Sony.
It therefore notified its objections to Sony.
Efter drøftelser med Kommissionen besluttede Sony at ændre licensaftalerne.
Following consultations with the Commission, Sony decided to modify its licensing agreements.
Sonys nye licenspolitik begrænser ikke licenshavernes udviklings-, salgs- eller fremstillingsaktiviteter.
Sony's new licensing policy does not restrict the development, marketing and manufacturing activities of the licensees.
Kravet om. at selskaberne skal indhente godkendelse før markedsforingen er ikke restriktivt, og al software vil blive testet enten af et uafhængigt organ eller af Sonys testafdeling, og testen gennemføres udelukkende for at sikre overensstemmelse med klare, objektive og veldefinerede kriterier.
The approval rights imposed on publishers before the commercial release are nonrestrictive, and all game software will be tested either by an independent testing service or by Sony's testing service, and only for compliance with clear, non-objectionable specifications and well-defined criteria.
I lyset af ovenstående har Kommissionen afsluttet sagen.
On the basis of the above, the Commission terminated the proceedings.
Med afslutningen af denne sag og de tidligere sager vedrørende Sega og Nintendo2'' har Kommissionen sikret sig. at disse tre store leverandører af konsoller til videospil har licensregler, derer i overensstemmelse med konkurrencereglerne.
With the closure of this case and of the previous cases concerning Sega and Nintendo,23 the Commission has satisfied itself that all three significant video game console suppliers license their technology in accordance with the competition rules.
Konkurrencestrukturerne på markedet er derfor blevet mærkbart forbedret til gavn for uafhængige selskaber, der udvikler videospil, og de europæiske forbrugere.
As a result, competitive structures across the market have been significantly improved, to the benefit of independent developers of video games and of European consumers.
Dansk Tennisforbund (DTF)
Danish Tennis Federation (DTF)
Kommissionen har godkendt sponsoraftalerne mellem dtf og forhandlerne af tennisbolde.
The Commission has approved the sponsorship agreements between the Danish Tennis Federation and its tennis ball suppliers.
Den 26. marts 1998 meddelte Kommissionen DTF. at sponsoraftalerne med forhandlerne af tennisbolde ikke gav anledning til konkurrencemæssige problemer24. Det er første gang. at Kommissionens formelt udtaler sig om indholdet i en sponsoraftale om sportsartikler.
On 26 March the Commission informed the DTF that its sponsorship agreements with tennis ball suppliers no longer raised competition problems.24 This is the first time the Commission has come to a formal conclusion on the contents of a sponsorship contract for sports goods.
Godkendelsen skete, efter at DTF havde accepteret at ændre kontrakterne som angivet af Kommissionen. En meddelelse i henhold til artikel 19, slk.
Approval follows agreement by the DTF to amend its contracts along the lines suggested by the Commission.
3, blev offentliggjort i De Europæiske Fællesskabers Tidende den 9. maj 1996 (EFT C 138), i hvilken Kommissionen meddelte, at den havde til hensigt at udstede en negativattest.
An Article 19(3) notice was published in the Official Journal on 9 May 1996 (OJ C 138), in which the Commission announced that it intended to grant negative clearance.
Konkret har DTF forpligtet sig til hver andet år ved licitation at vælge en sponsor.
The DTF has agreed to call for tenders every two years to choose a sponsor.
Dette valg vil foregå på en gennemsigtig, åben og ikkediskriminerende måde.
Selection will be transparent, open and non-discriminatory.
Den således valgte sponsor vil få betegnelsen »DTF's sponsor« (men ikke »officiel«) og bliver DTF's eneleverandør i en toårig periode.
The selected sponsor will be granted the denomination ªsponsor of the DTFº (but not ªofficialº) and will be the only tennis ball supplier of the DTF for a twoyear period.