natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I relation til spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt der foreliggeret misbrug, bemærkes, at appellanterne og IPO med urette går ud fra, at såfremt en adfærd, der udvises af en virksomhed i en dominerende stilling, falder ind under udøvelsen af en rettighed, der i henhold til national ret er en »ophavsret«, er den pågældende adfærd unddraget enhver vurdering i forhold til traktatens artikel 86.
With regard to the issue of abuse, the arguments of the appellants and IPO wrongly presuppose that where the conduct of an undertaking in a dominant position consists of the exercise of a right classified by national law as 'copyright', such conduct can never be reviewed in relation to Article 86 of the Treaty.
RTE har til støtte for sin appel påberåbt sig tre anbringender.
RTE relies on three pleas in law in support of its appeal.
Det er ganske vist rigtigt, at fastsættelsen af betingelserne for og de nærmere regler om beskyttelse af en immaterialrettighed, så længe der ikke er tilvejebragt ensartethed inden for Fællesskabet eller sket en tilnærmelse af lovgivningerne, henhører under national ret, og at eneretten til reproduktion er en af ophavsmandens væsentligste særrettigheder, hvorfor en nægtelse af at give en licens, selv om der er tale om en virksomhed i en dominerende stilling, ikke i sig selv kan udgøre et misbrug heraf.
Admittedly, in the absence of Community standardization or harmonization of laws, determination of the conditions and procedures for granting protection of an intellectual property right is a matter for national rules. Further, the exclusive right of reproduction forms part of the author's rights, so that refusal to grant a licence, even if it is the act of an undertaking holding a dominant position, cannot in itself constitute abuse of a dominant position.
ITP har til støtte for sin appel ud over RTE's første anbringende påberåbt sig to andre anbringender.
ITP, in support of its appeal, relies on the first plea raised by RTE, along with two further pleas in law.
Det første går ud på, at Retten har tilsidesat artikel 3 i forordning nr. 17 ved at anerkende, at Kommissionen har beføjelse til at pålægge en indehaver af immaterialret tigheder at udstede licenser.
The first is that the Court of First Instance misconstrued Article 3 of Regulation No 17 by holding that the Commission had the power to require a proprietor of intellectual property rights to grant compulsory licences.
Det andet går ud på, at Retten har tilsidesat EØF-traktatens artikel 190 ved at fastslå, at begrundelsen for beslutningen var i overensstemmelse med kontradiktionsprincippet.
The second is that Article 190 of the Treaty was infringed in so far as the Court of First Instance held that the reasoning of the decision satisfied the conditions relating to observance of the rights of the defence.
Spørgsmålet om der foreligger et misbrug af en dominerende stilling
In the present case, the conduct objected to is the appellants' reliance on copyright conferred by national legislation so as to prevent Magill — or any other undertaking having the same intention - from publishing on a weekly basis information (channel, day, time and title of programmes) together with commentaries and pictures obtained independently of the appellants.
Det skal i relation til spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt der foreligger en dominerende stilling, indledningsvis bemærkes, at den omstændighed, at en virksomhed er indehaver af en immaterialrettighed, ikke i sig selv betyder, at virksomheden har en dominerende stilling.
So far as dominant position is concerned, it is to be remembered at the outset that mere ownership of an intellectual property right cannot confer such a position.
I det foreliggende tilfælde kritiseres appellanterne for, at de påberåber sig deres ophavsret i henhold til den nationale lovgivning med henblik på at forhindre, at Magill - eller enhver anden virksomhed med samme planer - i et ugeblad offentliggør oplysninger (om titel, kanal, dato og tidspunkt for udsendelserne), ledsaget af kommentarer og billeder, som de har erhvervet uafhængigt af appellanterne.
On this point, the Court of First Instance confirmed the Commission's finding that the complete lists of programmes for a 24-hour period - and for a 48-hour period at weekends and before public holidays — published in certain daily and Sunday newspapers, and the television sections of certain magazines covering, in addition, 'highlights' of the week's programmes, were only to a limited extent substitutable for advance information to viewers on all the week's programmes. Only weekly television guides con
Selve oplysningerne om titel, kanal, dato og tidspunkt for udsendelserne hidrører nødvendigvis fra tv-stationernes programlægningsvirksomhed, og tv-stationerneer således den eneste kilde til de pågældende oplysninger for en virksomhed som Magill, der ønsker at offentliggøre dem ledsaget af kommentarer eller billeder.
However, the basic information as to the channel, day, time and title of programmes is the necessary result of programming by television stations, which are thus the only source of such information for an undertaking, like Magill, which wishes to publish it together with commentaries or pictures.
Ifølge sagens natur har RTE og ITP - på vegne af ITV - sammen med BBC et faktisk monopol på de oplysninger, der danner grundlag for oversigterne over de tvprogrammcr, der kan modtages af de fleste husstande i Irland og 30-40% af husstandene i Nordirland.
By force of circumstance, RTE and ITP, as the agent of ITV, enjoy, along with the BBC, a de facto monopoly over the information used to compile listings for the television programmes received in most households in Ireland and 30% to 40% of households in Northern Ireland.
Appellanterne er således i stand til at forhindre en effektiv konkurrence på markedet for ugentlige tv-blade, og det var derfor med rctic, at Retten tiltrådte Kommissionens vurdering, hvorefter appellanterne indtog en dominerende stilling.
The appellants are thus in a position to prevent effective competition on the market in weekly television magazines.
Blandt de omstændigheder, som dannede grundlag for Rettens antagelse af, at der foreligger et misbrug, skal der for det første henvises til, at der ifølge Retten hverken reelt eller potentielt fandtes et produkt, der kunne træde i stedet for et ugentligt tv-programblad med oplysninger om den kommende uges programmer.
The Court of First Instance was therefore right in confirming the Commission's
Spørgsmålet om en påvirkning af samhandelen mellem medlemsstater
not necessary that the conduct in question should in fact have substantially affected that trade.
Det er tilstrækkeligt, at det bevises, at den omhandlede adfærd kan have en sådan virkning.
It is sufficient to establish that the conduct is capable of having such an effect.
Retten fastslog i øvrigt, at der er en særlig, konstant og regelmæssig efterspørgsel på et sådant blad fra forbrugernes side.
The Court of First Instance also established that there was a specific, constant and regular potential demand on the part of consumers.
Appellanterne — som ifølge sagens natur var de eneste kilder til de oplysninger om programlægningen, der udgør det nødvendige basismateriale for et ugentligt tv-programblad -gav således ikke de tv-seere, der ønskede at skaffe sig oplysninger om programudbuddet for den kommende uge, nogen anden mulighed end at købe de ugentlige programblade for hver enkelt kanal og selv samle oplysningerne heri med henblik på at foretage sammenligninger.
In this case, the Court of First Instance found that the applicant had excluded all potential competitors on the geographical market consisting of one Member State (Ireland) and part of another Member State (Northern Ireland) and had thus modified the structure of competition on that market, thereby affecting potential commercial exchanges between Ireland and the United Kingdom. From this the Court of First Instance drew the proper conclusion that the condition that trade between Member States must be affected had been satisfied.
I det foreliggende tilfælde fastslog Retten, at appellanten udelukkede enhver potentiel konkurrent på det geografiske marked bestående af en medlemsstat og en del af en anden medlemsstat, nemlig Irland og Nordirland, og således ændrede konkurrencestrukturen på det pågældende marked, hvilket påvirkede mulighederne for samhandel mellem Irland og Det Forenede Kongerige. Retten konkluderede på den baggrund med rette, at betingelsen om en påvirkning af samhandelen mellem medlemsstater var opfyldt.
Thus the appellants who were, by force of circumstance, the only sources of the basic information on programme scheduling which is the indispensable raw material for compiling a weekly television guide gave viewers wishing to obtain information on the choice of programmes for the week ahead no choice but to buy the weekly guides for each station and draw from each of them the information they needed to make comparisons.
Anbringendet om, at Retten har anvendt begrebet påvirkning af samhandelen mellem medlemsstater forkert, kan herefter ikke tiltrædes.
It follows that the plea in law alleging misapplication by the Court of First Instance of the concept of trade between Member States being affected must be dismissed.
Appellanternes nægtelse af at stille de pågældende oplysninger til rådighed under henvisning til de nationale regler om ophavsret forhindrede således, at der blev skabt et nyt produkt — et komplet ugentlig tv-program — som appellanterne ikke udbød til salg, og som der var en potentiel efterspørgsel på fra forbrugernes side, hvilket udgør et misbrug i henhold til traktatens artikel 86, stk. 2, litra b).
The appellants' refusal to provide basic information by relying on national copyright provisions thus prevented the appearance of a new product, a comprehensive weekly guide to television programmes, which the appellants did not offer and for which there was a potential consumer demand. Such refusal constitutes an abuse under heading (b) of the second paragraph of Article 86 of the Treaty.
Domstolen skal - ligesom Retten indledningsvis bemærke, at Fællesskabet ikke er part i konventionen til værn for litterære og kunstneriske værker.
It is appropriate to observe at the outset, as the Court of First Instance did, that the Community is not a party to the Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
For det andet var nægtelsen af at stille de pågældende oplysninger til rådighed ikke begrundet i særlige forhold for radio- og tvspredningsvirksomheden eller virksomheden med udgivelse af tv-blade.
Second, there was no justification for such refusal either in the activity of television broadcasting or in that of publishing television magazines.
Endelig betød appellanternes adfærd for det tredje - som også fastslået af Retten — at de forbeholdt et afledt marked, nemlig markedet for ugentlige tv-programblade, for sig selv og dermed udelukkede enhver konkurrence på dette marked, idet appellanterne nægtede at give adgang til de oplysninger, der er det nødvendige basismateriale for et sådant blad.
Third, and finally, as the Court of First Instance also held, the appellants, by their conduct, reserved to themselves the secondary market of weekly television guides by excluding all competition on that market since they denied access to the basic information which is the raw material indispensable for the compilation of such a guide.
Endvidere bemærkes for så vidt angår Det Forenede Kongerige og Irland, at disse lande ganske vist allerede var parter i konventionen på tidspunktet for deres tiltrædelse af Fællesskabet, og at traktatens artikel 234 derfor i medfør af tiltrædelsesaktens artikel 5 finder anvendelse på konventionen.
Next, so far as the United Kingdom and Ireland are concerned, it is true that they were already parties to the Convention when they acceded to the Community and that Article 234 of the Treaty therefore applies to that Convention.
Det fremgår imidlertid af en fast retspraksis, at bestemmelserne i en konvention, der er indgået forud for traktatens ikrafttrædelse eller efter omstændighederne forud for en medlemsstats tiltrædelse, ikke kan påberåbes i forholdet mellem medlemsstaterne, såfremt der — som i det foreliggende tilfælde — ikke er fare for tilsidesættelse af tredjestaters rettigheder.
It is, however, settled case-law that the provisions of an agreement concluded prior to entry into force of the Treaty or prior to a Member State's accession cannot be relied on in intraCommunity relations if, as in the present case, the rights of non-member countries are not involved.
Endelig bemærkes, at Paris-akten, hvorved de af RTE påberåbte bestemmelser i konventionens artikel 9, stk. 1 og 2, blev ændret, forst blev ratificeret af Det Forenede Kongerige efter dettes
Finally, the Paris Act, which amended Article 9(1) and (2) of the Convention (the provisions relied on by RTE), was ratified by the United Kingdom only after its accession to the Community and has still not been ratified by Ireland.
Herefter, og uden at det er nødvendigt at undersøge begrundelsen for de afsagte domme, for så vidt som den hviler på traktatens artikel 36, kan anbringendet om, at Retten har anvendt begrebet misbrug af en dominerende stilling forkert, ikke tiltrædes.
The Court of First Instance was therefore correct to hold that Article 9 of the Convention cannot be relied on to limit the powers of the Community, as provided for in the EEC Treaty,
tiltrædelse af Fællesskabet og endnu ikke er ratificeret af Irland.
The reasoning since the Treaty can be amended only in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 236.
Kommissionens beføjelser i henhold til artikel 3 i forordning nr. 17
The powers conferred on the Commission by Article 3 of Regulation No 17
I henhold til fast retspraksis skal beslutninger fra Kommissionen, som har til formål at konstatere en overtrædelse af konkurrencereglerne, at meddele virksomhederne pålæg og at pålægge dem bøder, i henhold til traktatens artikel 190 begrundes, hvilket indebærer, at Kommissionen skal angive de grunde, der har ført den til at vedtage en beslutning, således at Domstolen og Retten kan udøve deres kontrol, og således at medlemsstaterne og de berørte borgere kan få kendskab til de betingelser, hvorunder den har anvendt traktaten.
According to settled case-law, Commission decisions intended to find infringements of competition rules, issue directions and impose pecuniary sanctions must state the reasons on which they are based, in accordance with Article 190 of the EEC Treaty, which requires the Commission to set out the reasons which prompted it to adopt a decision, so that the Court can exercise its power of review and Member States and nationals concerned know the basis on which the Treaty has been applied.
Det bemærkes, at anvendelsen af artikel 3 i forordning nr. 17 må ske under hensyn til arten af den konstaterede overtrædelse og vil kunne omfatte såvel påbud om at udføre visse handlinger eller præstere visse ydelser, der ulovligt har været undladt, som forbud mod at fortsætte med visse handlinger eller at opretholde en vis praksis eller situation, der er i strid med traktaten.
It is appropriate to observe that Article 3 of Regulation No 17 is to be applied according to the nature of the infringement found and may include an order to do certain acts or things which, unlawfully, have not been done as well as an order to bring an end to certain acts, practices or situations which are contrary to the Treaty.
Det kan ikke kræves, at Kommissionen beskæftiger sig med alle de faktiske og retlige spørgsmål, som er blevet behandlet under den administrative procedure.
However, the Commission cannot be required to discuss all the matters of fact and law which may have been dealt with during the administrative proceedings.
I det foreliggende tilfælde kunne Kommissionen - efter at have fastslået, at nægtelsen af at give virksomheder som Magill adgang til oplysningerne i tv-programoversigterne udgjorde et misbrug af en dominerende stilling — i henhold til den pågældende artikel og med henblik på at sikre beslutningens tilsigtede virkning pålægge appellanterne at udlevere de pågældende oplysninger.
In the present case, after finding that the refusal to provide undertakings such as Magill with the basic information contained in television programme listings was an abuse of a dominant position, the Commission was entitled under Article 3, in order to ensure that its decision was effective, to require the appellants to provide that information.
Som det med rette blev fastslået af Retten, var et sådant pålæg — kombineret med muligheden for at knytte visse betingelser til tilladelsen til offentliggørelse, herunder betaling af en licensafgift — nemlig den eneste måde, hvorpå overtrædelsen kunne bringes til ophør.
As the Court of First Instance rightly found, the imposition of that obligation — with the possibility of making authorization of publication dependent on certain conditions, including payment of royalties — was the only way of bringing the infringement to an end.
Det var ligeledes helt berettiget, at Retten ud fra samme faktiske betragtninger forkastede anbringendet om en tilsidesættelse af proportionalitetsprincippet.
The Court of First Instance was also entitled to dismiss, on the basis of the same findings of fact, the allegation that the principle of proportionality had been infringed.
Retten fastslog bl.a., at »Kommissionen, for så vidt angår begrebet et misbrug, i beslutningen klart (har) anført sine grunde til at fastslå, at sagsøgeren ved at udnytte sin eneret til gengivelse af programoversigterne som led i en politik, der strider mod formålene med artikel 86, gik ud over, hvad der er nødvendigt for at sikre beskyttelsen af ophavsrettens egentlige indhold, og således gjorde sig skyldig i et misbrug i henhold til artikel 86.
The Court of First Instance found in particular that 'as regards the concept of abuse, the Commission clearly stated in the decision its reasons for finding that the applicant, by using its exclusive right to reproduce the listings as the instrument of a policy contrary to the objectives of Article 86, went beyond what was necessary to ensure the protection of the actual substance of its copyright and committed an abuse within the meaning of Article 86.'
I modsætning til det af sagsøgeren anførte, giver begrundelsen for den anfægtede beslutning altså de berørte personer mulighed for at gøre sig bekendt med de væsentligste faktiske og retlige momenter, som ligger til grund for Kommissionens udtalelser, ligesom Retten sættes i stand til at udøve sin kontrol.
It accordingly arrived at the view that 'Contrary to the applicant's allegations, the statement of reasons in the con tested decision is ... sufficient to allow interested parties to ascertain the main legal and factual criteria on which the Commission based its findings and to enable the Court to carry out its review.
Beslutningen opfylder dermed de betingelser, som er knyttet til kontradiktionsprincippet, således som de er fastlagt i en fast retspraksis.«
It therefore fulfils the conditions relating to the respect of the right to a fair hearing as they have consistently been defined in the caselaw.'
Det kan ikke på grundlag af det af appellanten anførte fastslås, at denne vurdering fra Rettens side hviler på en urigtig retsopfattelse.
ITP's criticisms fail to show that those assessments of the Court of First Instance are marred by an error of law.
Retten bemærkede nemlig med rette, at proportionalitetsprincippet i forbindelse med en anvendelse af artikel 3 i forordning nr. 17 indebærer, at de byrder, som pålægges virksomhederne med henblik på at bringe en overtrædelse af konkurrenceretten til ophør, ikke må overskride grænserne for, hvad der er rimeligt og nødvendigt for at opfylde det tilsigtede mål,
As the Court of First Instance correctly pointed out, in the context of the application of Article 3 of Regulation No 17, the principle of proportionality means that the burdens imposed on undertakings in order to bring an infringement of competition law to an end must not exceed what is appropriate and necessary to attain the objective sought, namely re-establishment of compliance with the rules infringed.
Appellerne forkastes.
Dismissed the appeals;
Generaladvokat C. Gulmann fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Domstolens plenum) den 1. juni 1994.
Advocate General Gulmann delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Full Court on 1 June 1994.
■— at ophæve de af Retten i Første Instans den 10. juli 1991 afsagte domme (sag T-69/89, RTE mod Kommissionen, Sml.
Case C-439/93 Lloyd's Register of Shipping ν Société Campenon Bernard Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments
- at tilpligte Kommissionen at afholde de af Radio Telefis Eireann og Independent Television Publications Limited afholdte omkostninger for Retten og for Domstolen med undtagelse af de omkostninger, der er forbundet med Magill TV Guide Limited's intervention,
By judgment of 26 October 1993, received at the Court on 10 November 1993, the French Cour de Cassation (Court of Cassation) referred to the
6.4.1995 artikel 5, nr. 5 — sager vedrørende driften af en filial*
First, the actual wording of Article 5(5) of the Convention in no way requires that the undertakings negotiated by a branch should be performed in the Contracting State in which it is established in order for them to form part of its operations.
Ved dom af 26. oktober 1993 indgået til Domstolen den 10. november 1993 har Frankrigs Cour de cassation forelagt et præjudicielt spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af Bruxelles konventionen.
Secondly, the interpretation put forward by the plaintiff in the main proceedings would render Article 5(5) almost wholly redundant.
forbeholdt sig sine rettigheder. Da selskabet fandt, at Lloyd's Register med urette havde erklæret stålet i overensstemmelse med den amerikanske tekniske norm, anlagde det derefter erstatningssøgsmål ved Tribunal de commerce de Paris mod Lloyd's Register ved dets franske filial.
Since Article 5(1) already allows the plaintiff to bring an action in contract in the courts for the place of performance of the obligation in question, Article 5(5) would duplicate that provision if it applied solely to undertakings entered into by a branch which were to be performed in the Contracting State in which the branch was established.
Spørgsmålet er blevet rejst under en sag anlagt af selskabet Campenon Bernard mod Lloyd's Register of Shipping angående udførelsen af en kontrolopgave vedrørende betonstål.
Following negotiations, Campenon Bernard placed the order with the French branch.
Lloyd's Register har gjort gældende, at Domstolen har fastslået, at reglen i artikel 5, nr. 5, omfatter tvister vedrørende de forpligtelser, virksomheden har påtaget sig på hovedvirksomhedens vegne, forudsat at disse forpligtelser skal opfyldes i den kontraherende stat, hvor den sekundære virksomhed er beliggende.
The letter specified that inspection would take place in Spain and would be carried out by the Spanish branch of Lloyd's Register.
Dette kan ikke tiltrædes.
It also stated that payment would be effected in pesetas.
I slutningen af november 1985 kontaktede Campenon Bernard Lloyd's Register's franske filial for at få foretaget en kontrol af betonstål, som selskabet skulle bruge ved bygningen af en motorvej i Kuwait.
Although the Spanish branch of Lloyd's Register issued certificates of compliance, the Kuwait Ministry of Public Works refused to accept the concrete reinforcing steel on the ground that it did not comply with the United States technical standard.
Opgaven bestod i at undersøge, om betonstålet opfyldte en amerikansk teknisk norm, som af Ministeriet for Offentlige Arbejder i Kuwait var indføjet i udbudsbetingelserne, og i bekræftende fald at udstede et overensstemmelsescertifikat.
Thirdly, it should be noted that an ancillary establishment is a place of business which has the appearance of permanency such as the extension of a parent body, has a management and is equipped to negotiate business with third parties so that the latter, although knowing that there will if necessary be a legal link with the parent body, whose seat is in another Contracting State, do not have to deal directly with such parent body.