natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I den forbindelse skal det nævnes, at Kommissionen har nedsat en task-force for forskning og industri, navnlig for at fremme udviklingen af software til undervisning (se bilag 1).
It must be pointed out in this connection that the Commission has set up a research industry task force with, inter alia, the aim of encouraging the production of educational software (see Annex 1).
Rejseselskabet Club Méditerranée blev oprettet på grundlag af en på daværende tidspunkt stærkt innovativ idé om fritidsbeskæftigelser.
Several studies have highlighted the role of the services sector in innovation and its dissemination.
Udviklingen af Club Méditerranée er øvrigt nært knyttet til udviklingen i husstandenes finansielle midler.
A further study analysing the engineering consultancy sector in Europe shows that firms in the sector are crucial carriers of innovation and advanced technologies to the manufacturing industry (which represents 40% of their global market, estimated at ECU 52 billion).
Det kan bringe virksomhederne nærmere forskningscentrene eller universiteterne, fremme udviklingen i uddannelses- og erhvervsuddannelses- systemerne, opprioritere det lokale og regionale niveau, bane vejen for de studerendes og forskernes mobilitet og gøre denne til en realitet samt udbrede resultaterne af teknologiovervågningen.
It is, by itself, a basic tool for boosting innovative ability in Europe, whether by bringing together enterprises and research centres or universities, developing systems of education and training, emphasizing the local and regional level, fostering mobility among students and research workers or disseminating 'technology watch' results.
Innovation er ikke blot en økonomisk mekanisme eller en teknisk proces.
Innovation is not just an economic mechanism or a technical process.
Den er først og fremmest et socialt fænomen.
It is, above all, a social phenomenon.
Ved at innovere udtrykker enkeltpersoner og samfund deres kreativitet, behov og ønsker.
Through it, individuals and societies express their creativity, needs and desires.
Innovation er således tæt forbundet med de sociale forhold, under hvilke den bliver til, både hvad angår formål, virkninger og praktisk udformning.
By its purpose, its effects or its methods, innovation is thus intimately involved in the social conditions in which it is produced.
Det enkelte samfunds historie, kultur, uddannelsessystem, politiske og institutionelle organisation og erhvervsstruktur er i sidste instans bestemmende for dets evne til at frembringe og acceptere nyskabelser.
In the final analysis, the history, culture, education, political and institutional organization and the economic structure of each society determine that society's capacity to generate and accept novelty.
Dette er endnu et argument for at være yderst omhyggelig med anvendelsen af subsidiaritetsprincippet i forbindelse med politikkerne til fremme af innovation. tion.
It is an additional reason to take the greatest care of the application of the subsidiarity principle in the policies promoting innovation.
mindske omfanget af forurenende affaldsstoffer), at bevare natur- og energiressourcer, at tage udfordringerne i forbindelse med befolkningens aldring op, at bidrage til handicappedes integration (anvendelse af ny teknologi til gavn for blinde og døve) og at fremme nye arbejdsformer.
Finally, by its nature, innovation is a collective process which needs the gradual commitment of an increasing number of partners.
Dette sidste gælder f.eks. fjernarbejde, der i visse tilfælde kan være forbundet med samfunds- eller helbredsmæssige ulemper og begunstige visse former for flytning af arbejdspladser, men som også kan være et middel til decentralisering af belastede byområder og til oprettelse af arbejdspladser i landområder.
In this respect, the motivation and participation of employees are critical for its success.
Innovation forbedrer almindeligvis leve- og arbejdsvilkårene, men må man drage omsorg for, at de nye metoder for arbejdstilrettelæggelse ikke fører til løse og/eller usikre ansættelsesforhold. sesforhold.
More over, as can be seen from the current difficulties facing most national systems of social protection, the social sector and public services in general are in urgent need of major innovations. tions.
Innovation kan og bør være svaret på vore dages mest markante problemer.
Innovation can and must offer a response to the crucial problems of the present.
Levevilkårene kan forbedres ved hjælp af innovation (nye metoder til diagnose og behandling af sygdomme, transportsikkerhed, effektive kommunikationsmidler, et renere miljø osv.).
It makes possible an improvement in living conditions (new means of diagnosis and of treating illnesses, safety in transport, easier communications, a cleaner environment, etc.).
Endelig er innovation i sig selv en kollektiv proces, der kræver gradvis involvering af et stadigt større antal partnere.
At an international level, solving the problems of underdevelopment, malnutrition and health, not to mention tackling the negative effects of climatic change, calls for major innovations and well-targeted technology transfer.
De ansattes motivering og deltagelse er derfor afgørende for et heldigt udfald.
An example is teleworking which, while it can occasionally have repercussions in social and
De vanskeligheder, der i øjeblikket berører socialsikkerhedsordningerne i de fleste lande, vidner i øvrigt om, at der på det sociale område og inden for de offentlige
There is a vital role to be played here by the social partners, who in many Member States have reached important and often innovative agreements on the organization of work in connection with the introduction of new technologies. nologies.
Innovation gør det også muligt at forbedre arbejdsvilkårene og skabe større sikkerhed på arbejdspladsen, at beskytte miljøet (nye produktionsmetoder, der sigter mod at undgå eller
Sweden's biggest hospital, the Karolinska, also embarked on a huge re-engineering project: the hospital was redesigned from a patient's point of view, patient flow was monitored by type of pathology, bottlenecks were removed, waiting time was taken as a performance indicator, and multifunctional medical/surgical centres were set up.
For tilbagestående regioner er innovation for bundet med særlige udfordringer.
Innovation is particularly important for the regions which are lagging behind in develop ment.
SMV'eme, der praktisk taget udgør hele erhvervsstrukturen, har særlige problemer i disse regioner, navnlig hvad angår finansiering (f.eks. ligger rentesatserne ofte mellem 2 og 3 procentpoints over satserne i andre regioner), men også med hensyn til muligheder for samarbejde, adgang til teknisk eller ledelsesmæssig kompetence osv. Det er en lang række handicap, der viser, at markederne fungerer dårligt, og som kan berettige indgreb fra de offentlige myndigheders side.
The SMEs, which make up virtually the entire economic fabric, encounter special difficulties there, particularly with regard to financing (e.g. actual interest rates are often 2 to 3 points higher than in the more-developed regions) but also with regard to cooperation opportunities, access to sources of technical or management skills, etc. The handicaps mount up, which indicates shortcomings in the operation of markets which can justify intervention by the authorities.
For det første er der tale om en målrettet indsats, der tager sigte på regioner og sektorer, som har et særligt behov, hvilket må være en prioritering ifølge selve den logik, der styrer udviklingen af innovation.
On the one hand, it is an effort targeting regions and fields which have a special need, and this therefore has to be seen as a priority in innovation development.
For det andet får de tilbagestående regioner mulig hed for at sidestille sig med de udviklede regioner meget hurtigt, ikke ved at forsøge at gå i deres fodspor, men ved — samtidig med disse, og dog på en måde, der tager hensyn til deres særlige forudsætninger og behov — at forberede sig på konkurrencevilkårene i en verdensomspændende økonomi.
On the other hand, it is a means by which the laggard regions can move immediately alongside the developed regions, not by attempting to imitate what the latter have already achieved but by trying to lay the groundwork, in accordance with their own features and requirements and together with the developed regions, for adapt ing to the conditions of competitiveness of a global economy.
De bestræbelser, der som led i Fællesskabets regionalpolitik udfoldes til fordel for udviklin
The effort channelled towards developing innovation as part of the Community's regional
Innovation kræver et sæt stimulerende »spilleregler«.
If there is going to be innovation, there is a need for a set of 'rules' to encourage it.
Hertil hører konkurrencereglerne, der er en betydelig drivkraft for innovation og udgør et middel til bekæmpelse af misbrug af dominerende stillinger, og som bør vedligeholdes konstant.
This concerns competition, a powerful force behind innovation as well as a means of combating abuses of dominant positions, which requires constant vigilance.
Hertil hører også reglerne for beskyttelse af intellektuel ejendomsret, der er afgørende for den enkeltes incitament til at
It also concerns legal rules for the protection of intellectual property, a decisive factor in stimulating individuals to innovate, which needs to be encouraged and constantly adapted to the changes in technology and society.
dele, som kan udnyttes bedre i fællesskab. Ifølge EF-traktatens artikel 85, stk. 3, kan der på visse betingelser indgås aftaler, som frem mer den tekniske eller økonomiske udvikling.
Community policy plays an important role here by prohibiting concerted practices, combating abuses of dominant positions, preventing sectoral monopolies and providing strict rules on government aid.
Under visse forudsætninger, kan der f.eks. indrømmes gruppefritagelse for forskningsaftaler mellem virksomheder.
It thus safeguards fair competition, conducive to the introduction of new products and manufacturing processes.
a) Opretholdelse af en effektiv konkurrence
Cooperation agreements
Den sikrer således, at der opretholdes en retfærdig konkurrence, som er begunstiger markedsføringen af nye produkter og fremstillingsprocesser.
There is thus a need to distinguish as clearly as possible between restraints on competition which make innovation less likely,
På baggrund af at der i Europa indleveres tre gange færre patentansøgninger end i de lande, vi konkurrerer med, vurderes teknologioverførselsaftaler ligeledes positivt.
Secondly, research and innovation have wellknown features which are catered for in competition law.
De gør det muligt at udnytte patenter og knowhow bedre og kan skaffe innovative SMV'er og selvstændige opfindere et rimeligt vederlag.
These activities are marked in particular by the extent of their external repercussions and the difficulty, for firms, of securing the results of their efforts.
Derfor indrømmes der også fritagelse for denne form for aftaler.
Article 85(3) of the Treaty of Rome allows, under certain circumstances, agreements which contribute to technical and economic progress; for example, when certain conditions are satis-
I vurderingen af en aftale (eller en fusion, jf. nedenfor) tages der derfor hensyn til en hel række kriterier, og almindeligvis henvises der ikke kun til begrebet markedsandel.
Assessment of an agreement (or merger — see below) takes into account a series of criteria and is not normally based solely on the concept of market share.
Konkurrencen mellem selvstændige virksom heder er den vigtigste drivkraft for innovation.
As pointed out in the Commission communication on an industrial competitiveness policy for the European Union, the system of Community monitoring of government aid rests on a set of rules accumulated over the years, with an accompanying build-up of complexity.
Den gør også europæiske virksomheder mere konkurrencedygtige i en stadig mere verdensomspændende økonomi.
It includes, for example, sectoral provisions originally brought in to deal with serious shortterm or structural economic crises (textiles, car industry, etc.).
Derfor må der skelnes så klart som muligt mellem konkurrencebegrænsninger, der gør innovation mindre sandsynlig, fordi de mindsker parternes muligheder for at indgå aftaler, og konkurrencebegrænsninger, der er nødvendige for at fremme innovation og teknologiformidling.
It is based on criteria which are sometimes heterogeneous and focuses, among other things, on the criterion of 'excess capacity', the definition and the application of which are gradually enhanced in order to take into account the specific characteristics of the market concerned such as its level of globalization and the evolution of the production tech niques.2The relevance of this criteria can be questionable as regards aid to intangible invest ment. The Commission is examining the criteria for a horizontal approach encouraging intangible investment.
Det er vigtigt for vurderingen af fusionsprojekter mellem virksomheder, særlig inden for forskning og innovation, at der i afgrænsningen af markederne tages hensyn til den dynamiske udvikling ')· Kommissionen kan således vurdere udviklingen i udbuddet, og hvorvidt nye konkurrenter vil få adgang til markedet/markederne på kort sigt.
Particularly where research and innovation are concerned, it is important for the dynamic effects ' on the development of markets to be taken into account when merger plans come up for discussion. The Commission could, for example, assess the trends in demand and the shortterm appearance on the market of new participants.
I øvrigt tages der i fællesskabsreglerne for samarbejdsaftaler, fusioner og statsstøtte hen syn til de specifikke forhold, der kendetegner markederne og aktiviteterne på forsknings- og innovationsområdet.
In addition, coping with or even shortening the time taken considering the applications for government aid is particularly important in connection with innovative projects where speed in marketing is one of the keys to success.
Fusioner, der skaber eller styrker en dominerende stilling, som bevirker, at den effektive konkurrence hæmmes betydeligt på det/de relevante marked/markeder, er ulovlige.
Mergers which create or reinforce a dominant position, with, as a consequence, the significant impediment of real competition in the markers) are forbidden.
I vurderingen af fusioner tager Kommissionen hensyn til flere faktorer, herunder den tekniske og økonomiske udvikling, for så vidt som den er til fordel for forbrugerne og ikke udgør en hindring for konkurrencen.
The Commission will take several factors into account when assessing merger transactions, including the evolution of economic and technical progress, in as much as consumers benefit from it and as it does not constitute an obstacle to competition.
Inden for f.eks. informationsteknologi, bioteknologi, luftog rumfart og nye materialer er konkurrencen i visse tilfælde i stadig mindre grad begrænset til det nationale eller det europæiske marked.
Government schemes for promoting innovation and research horizontally, without favouring specific companies or production (e.g. tax relief for intangible investment, applicable to all businesses; horizontal training schemes for researchers or engineers, etc.) constitute general measures.
I så fald kan det relevante marked — hvor euro pæiske virksomheder konkurrerer med amerikanske og asiatiske selskaber — være hele verden.
These measures then do not have to be reported to the Commission and can be implemented without delay.
Kommissionen er allerede opmærksom på dette.
The Commission is preparing a communication on this, which will in particular clearly indicate that the tax deductions applicable to all firms for intangible assets (includ-
Kommissionen bestræber sig følgelig på at tage hensyn til den dynamiske udvikling, der navn lig opstår ved forskning og udvikling, i sin vurdering af fusioners virkninger for konkurrencen. Den har f.eks. konsekvent fortolket fusionsforordningens artikel 2, og navnlig bestemmelsen om, at konkurrencen skal »hæmmes betydeligt«, således, at dominerende stil linger kun forbydes, hvis de er varige, ikke hvis
The Commission has consequently been keen to take account of the dynamic effects stem ming especially from research and innovation in assessing the impact on competition of mergers.
For det andet er forskning og innovation for bundet med særlige, velkendte karakteristika, som konkurrencereglerne tager hensyn til.
Such effects play an important role as illustrated in two recent cases: Shell/Montecatini and Glaxo/ Wellcome
deres levetid er kort, enten fordi markederne åbner sig hurtigt for konkurrence fra andre geografiske områder, eller fordi de ændrer sig som følge af intensiv innovation.
For many countries, licensing and technology transfer agreements now represent a substantial portion of foreign trade, although this trade is concentrated in the three major economic powers and mainly involves large companies.
D Statsstøtte immaterielle investeringer for alle virksom heder, horisontale uddannelsesaktioner for for skere og ingeniører osv.), er generelle foranstaltninger.
After the progress achieved through the Uru­guay Round, efforts have to continue on har­monizing protection systems, even among OECD member countries, and on guaranteeing property rights in the rest of the world.
Disse skal i princippet ikke anmeldes til Kommissionen og kan iværksættes straks.
D A revision of the research aid provisions has just been adopted by the Commission, with the aim, inter alia, of allowing the Member States to pursue innovation policies equal to the challenge of international competition.
Kommissionen er i færd med at udarbejde en meddelelse herom, hvori den bl.a. præciserer, at skattefradrag for immaterielle aktiver (herunder forskning og udvikling), der finder anvendelse på alle virksomheder, ikke falder ind under EF-traktatens artikel 92, stk. 1, om statsstøtte.
By adopting rules closely aligned with those laid down in the WTO code on subsidies (defini­tions of types of research, wider margin of manoeuvre in terms of intensity ceiling, etc.), the Commission has adapted the interpretation of its rules to bring greater convergence of international rules on competition, while pre­venting aid from distorting trade within the common market.
D Kommissionen har netop vedtaget en ændring af rammebestemmelserne for statsstøtte til forskning og udvikling bl.a. for at gøre det muligt for medlemsstaterne at føre en innovationspolitik, der tager højde for de konkurrencemæssige udfordringer på internationalt plan.
It would, for example, be beneficial to the European Union if the USA were to adopt a patents policy closer to that of the other OECD countries.
I og med at den har vedtaget regler, der i vid udstrækning tager hensyn til aftalen om subsidier under Verdenshandelsorganisationen (WTO) (definition af forskningstyper, større spillerum med hensyn til støttelofter osv.), har Kommissionen afpasset fortolkningen af sine regler efter de internationale konkurrencevilkår. Samtidig hermed har den sørget for, at støtten ikke fordrejer samhandelen i Fællesskabet.
The priority given to the 'first to invent' over the 'first to file' engenders a longer legal process and, apparently, a far greater number of disputes which are eventu­ally settled only at the end of an interminable series of lawsuits: 14 years in the case of Hughes Aircraft versus NASA, and more than 10 years in the case of Polaroid versus Kodak, ι
Som det påpeges i Kommissionens meddelelse om en politik til forbedring af industriens konkurrenceevne i Den Europæiske Union, hviler Fællesskabets kontrolsystem for statsstøtte på et sæt regler, der er samlet sammen i tidens løb, og som er blevet stadig mere komplekst.
All in all, the Commission is particularly anxious to attain one of the objectives of competition policy, namely improving the international competitiveness of Community industry and thereby contributing to the attain­ment of the objectives listed in Article 130(1) of the Treaty.
Det omfatter navnlig sektorielle rammebestemmelser, der oprindeligt blev indført af alvorlige konjunktur- eller strukturbetingede årsager (kunstfiberindustrien, automobilsektoren osv.).
The competition rules are thus applied constructively in order to foster cooper­ation which encourages the development and dissemination of new technologies in the Mem­ber States, in compliance with rules on intellec­tual property.
Kommissionen er i færd med at undersøge kriterier for en horisontal indfaldsvinkel, der begunstiger immaterielle investeringer. ger.
State aid is thus monitored to ensure that resources are made available to sectors which contribute to improving the com­petitiveness of Community industry, without distorting trade, for instance in the environmen­tal field.
I øvrigt er det i forbindelse med innovative projekter særlig vigtigt, at den tid, det tager at behandle statsstøttesager, beherskes eller lige frem forkortes.
D to arrive at a system of intellectual and industrial property rights in Europe which, in a context of strong development (especially in the fields of life sciences and the information society), continues to provide individual incen­tives to innovate while at the same time provid­ing for the widespread dissemination of innov­ations;
Hurtig markedsføring er nemlig afgørende for et produkts kommercielle succes.
(b) Promoting effective and suitable legal protection
Kommissionen drager i det hele taget særlig omsorg for at opfylde det konkurrencepolitiske mål, der består i at forbedre fællesskabsindustriens internationale konkurrenceevne, og herved bidrage til gennemførelsen af de i EF-traktatens artikel 130, stk. 1, omhandlede mål sætninger.
D to carry through, as much as necessary, the harmonization of the various national systems while ensuring compatibility with the objective of competitiveness and continuing to guarantee a high level of protection;
Kontrollen med statsstøtte udøves under hensyntagen til, at de sektorer, der bidrager til at forbedre fælles skabsindustriens konkurrenceevne, får stillet ressourcer til deres rådighed, uden at det for drejer samhandelen.
There is also a need for existing rules to be constantly adapted to the new circumstances introduced by technological innovation.
Det gælder f.eks. miljøområdet. rådet.
This is particu­larly crucial in the field of new technologies.
Statsinterventioner, der til skynder til innovation og forskning på horisontalt plan uden at favorisere bestemte virksom heder eller sektorer (f.eks. skattefordele for b) Fremme af en effektiv og målrettet retsbeskyttelse
D to ensure that in international trade negotia­tions the legitimate interests of EU citizens are not harmed, either by imposing unsuitable rules or by failing to comply with existing agree­ments (piracy and copyright infringements).
') Hvad angår statsstøtte til virksomhederne kan del, på grundlag af oplysninger indsamlet siden rammebestemmelsernes indførelse i 1986 og især de oplysninger, der vedrører perioden 1990-1992. bemærkes, at anmeldelser, der hovedsagelig tager sigte på støtte til aktiviteter inden for industriel forskning og udvikling, udgor mindre end 5% af den samlede statsstøtte. støtte.
The minimalist approach adopted by the USA in the TRIPs copyright agreement, explicitly excluding pro­tection for the moral rights covered by Article 6(b) of the Berne Convention, is of little advantage to the creators of original works who should be the benefi­ciaries of this rapidly expanding right (inventors of computer programs, databases, multimedia applica­tions, etc).
Et nyt forslag om beskyttelse af bioteknologiske opfindelser er under udarbejdelse.
logical inventions is currently being drafted.
Herudover er der udarbejdet to grønbøger henholdsvis om informationssamfundet og om beskyttelse af brugsmønstre2). mønstre2).
In addition, two Green Papers — on the information society and on the protection by the utility model — are being prepared. '
Den Europæiske Union finder det f.eks. ønskeligt, at USA indtager en holdning, der ligger nærmere de andre OECD-landes, med hensyn til patenter.
In order to meet these objectives, the Commis- sion has launched new proposals concerning thé legal protection of designs and models as well as the protection of plant protectants.