natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Denne politik tilskyndede kunstigt virksomhederne til at benytte tyske havne og dermed DB's tjenester til hele jernbaneturen til »tyske« de-
This policy artificially encouraged companies to use German ports
ANTITRUST: ARTIKEL 85 OG 86 stinationer, selv om det under normale omstændigheder ville være mere økonomisk (en kortere distance) at benytte belgiske eller nederlandske havne og tjenester fra både belgiske/nederlandske og tyske jernbaneselskaber. Kommissionen pålagde DB en bøde på 11 mio. ECU.
ANTITRUST: ARTICLES 85 AND 86 and thus DB's services for the entire rail journey to German destinations, even if it would, in normal circumstances, be more economic (a lesser distance) to use Belgian or Dutch ports and the services of both the Belgian/Dutch and German railway companies.
Beslutningen anfægter ikke DB's ret til at optræde som monopolistisk udbyder af jernbanetransportydelser i Tyskland: Den fastsætter imidlertid klart, at et retligt monopol ikke må anvendes til at favorisere beslægtede virksomheders aktiviteter på bekostning af konkurrenter.
The decision does not question the right of DB to act as a monopoly provider of rail transport services in Germany: it makes clear, however, that a legal monopoly cannot be used to favour the activities of associated companies at the expense of competitors.
Kommissionen erkender, at produktions- og forhandleraftaler mellem bryggerier i forskellige medlemsstater kan være til fordel for forbrugerne.
The Commission accepts that production and distribution agreements between breweries established in different Member States may benefit consumers.
Sådanne aftaler kan sætte små specialiserede bryggerier i stand til at afsætte deres produkter uden for hjemmemarkedet, eller de kan tjene som springbræt for et stort bryggeris selvstændige transaktioner på et andet geografisk marked. De konkurrence mæssige ulemper må imidlertid ikke være større end de potentielle fordele.
Such agreements may enable small special ized breweries to sell their products outside their domestic markets or they may provide a springboard for independent operations by a large brewery in another geographic market.
Det er til fældet, når der gives eneret til et lokalt bryggeri, der som Interbrew har en klart dominerende stilling på sit hjemmemarked.
This is the case where an exclusive right is granted to a domestic brewery which, as in the case of Interbrew, has a clearly predominant position on its own domestic market.
Samarbejdet mellem de pågældende bryggerier kan derfor tjene som et instrument til at dele markederne, hvilket resulterer i en styrkelse af en eksisterende dominerende stilling - i dette tilfælde i Belgien - til skade for alle andre, hovedsagelig små, bryggerier og uafhængige ølgrossister.
Cooperation between the relevant breweries can then serve as an instrument for sharing markets, resulting in the reinforcement of an existing dominant position - in this case in Belgium - to the detriment of other, mostly small, breweries and independent beer suppliers.
I 1989 indgik Carlsberg - Danmarks største bryggeri - en eneforhandlingsaftale med Interbrew, der er Belgiens største bryggeri.
In 1989, Carlsberg, the largest Danish brewer, concluded an exclusive distribution agreement with Interbrew, the largest Belgian brewer.
Interbrew fik enerettigheder til at sælge Carlsberg- og Tuborg-øl i Belgien og Luxembourg.
Interbrew was given the exclusive right to sell 'Carlsberg' and 'Tuborg' beer in Belgium and Luxembourg.
Kommissionen rejste indsigelser mod aftalen, da den faktisk udelukkede konkurrence mellem disse to vigtige europæiske bryggerier for »luksusøl« i et land, hvor licenstageren havde en dominerende stilling.
The Commission objected to the agreement, as it effectively excluded competition between these two major European brewers for luxury 'pils' beer in a country where the licensee was in a predominant position.
Under behandlingen af sagen ændrede de to selskaber deres aftale for at bringe den i overensstemmelse med konkurrenceregler ne.
During the course of the proceedings, the two companies amended their agreement to bring it into line with the competition rules.
Det væsentlige var, at Carlsberg gik med til at oprette et joint venture-selskab med en belgisk ølgrossist, der skal distribuere selskabets produkter i konkurrence med Interbrew, som bevarer en licens uden enerettigheder.
In essence, Carlsberg agreed to set up a new joint venture with a Belgian beer wholesaler, which will distribute its products in competition with Interbrew, which retains a nonexclusive licence.
Kommissionen sikrede med sit initiativ, at belgiske ølforbrugere kan vælge mel lem forskellige leverandører af luksusøl, og at der vil være en tilfredsstillende konkurrence inden for salget af sådanne produkter, hvilket vil resultere i lavere priser.
By its action, the Com mission ensured that Belgian beer consu mers would be able to choose between suppliers of luxury beers, and that competition for the sale of such products would be active, resulting in lower prices.
Godkendte aftaler nens sandsynlige langsigtede strukturvirkninger. Med hensyn til markeder, der er ved at blive globale, ser Kommissionen imidlertid principielt med positive øjne på sådanne aftaler.
Approval decisions but also the likely long-term structural effects of the deal.
Denne holdning kommer både til udtryk i BT-MCI-sagen og Olivetti-Digital-
This approach can be seen in both the BT/MCI and Olivetti/Digital cases.
Når selskaber samarbejder på et område, hvor de tidligere konkurrerede med hinanden, begrænser de helt klart den indbyrdes konkurrence.
Where companies collaborate in an area in which they have previously competed independently with one another, they obviously restrict competition between them.
Kommissionen er imidlertid klar over, at et sådant samarbejde, særligt på globale markeder, kan være vitalt for at give virksomhederne mulighed for at udnytte stordriftsfordele, som er en forudsætning for at konkurrere.
None the less, the Commission is aware that, particularly in globalizing markets, such collaboration may be vital to enable firms to exploit the economies of scale necessary to com pete.
Ved at samarbejde kan de for bedre effektiviteten i deres forsknings- og udviklingsindsats eller reducere produktions- eller distributionsomkostninger og dermed øge deres konkurrencedygtighed.
By collaborating, they may be able to improve the efficiency of their research and development (R & D) efforts, or reduce production or distribution costs, thus increasing their competitiveness.
Som følge af disse betragtninger har Kom missionen generelt en positiv holdning til forsknings-, udviklings- eller fællesproduktionsaftaler mellem virksomheder, selvfølgelig under forudsætning af at de ikke med fører udelukkelse af en effektiv konkurrence i Fællesskabet, hvilket er en af betingelserne for at indrømme fritagelse fra artikel 85, stk. 1.
As a consequence of these considerations, the Commission generally takes a positive approach to research and development or joint production agreements between companies, providing, of course, that they do not lead to the elimination of effective competition in the Community, one of the preconditions for the grant ing of an exemption from Article 85(1).
De to selskaber overdrog det meste af deres eksisterende aktiviteter på dette område til joint venture-selskabet.
The two companies contributed most of their existing activities in this field to the joint venture.
Selv om Kommissionen fandt, at transaktionen resulterede i en begrænsning af konkurrencen -BT og MCI var i det mindste potentielle konkurrenter, ikke blot på det samlede marked for telekommunikation, men også på det specifikke markedssegment, som Concert skulle satse på - konkluderede den, at der kunne indrømmes en fritagelse, da de fordele, som transaktionen ville resultere i, ville være større end de negative virkninger.
Although the Commission found that the operation resulted in a restriction of competition - BT and MCI were at least potential competitors not only in the overall market for telecommunications, but also in the specific market segment targeted by Concert -it concluded that an exemption could be granted, as the benefits resulting from the operation would outweigh these negative effects.
Nogle af Kommissionens beslutninger i 1994 afspejler denne holdning. De illustrerer også den holdning, som Kommissionen har taget i mange andre sager af mindre retlig, økonomisk eller politisk betydning, som blev afgjort ved administrativ skiuvelse og ikke omtales i denne oversigt.
Decisions adopted in 1994 by the Com mission reflect this approach.
På markeder som telekommunikation, der hurtigt er ved at blive globalt som følge af tekniske fremskridt og liberalisering, kan selskaberne vælge at samarbejde om en lang række spørgsmål, hvilket ofte ledsages af parternes køb af aktier hos hinanden.
In markets such as telecommunications, which is globalizing rapidly due to technical progress and liberalization, companies may choose to collaborate on a wide range of matters, usually accompanied by the acquisition of shares by one or both of the companies in their partners.
Sådan ne transaktioner rejser særlige vanskeligheder for konkurrencemyndighederne, fordi karakteren af det fremtidige samarbejde undertiden er uklar, og fordi samarbejdets strukturbetonede beskaffenhed nødvendiggør en analyse, der ikke alene skal baseres på virkningerne af det specifikke samarbejde på det tidspunkt, hvor transaktionen anmeldes, men som også må baseres på transaktio
Such operations pose particular difficulties for the competition authorities - the nature of the future range of collaboration is sometimes imprecise, and yet the quasi-structural nature of the operation requires an analysis based not only on the effects of the specific collaboration identified at the time the operation is notified,
Med oprettelsen af Concert vil moderselskaberne også væsentligt reducere omkostninger og risici forbundet med at udbyde sådanne tjenester i den skala og med de særlige funktioner, som multinationale selskaber stiller krav om.
By creating Concert, each parent will also substantially reduce the costs and risks inherent ly associated with the offering of such ser vices on the scale and with the particular features required by international companies.
Kommissionen kunne imidlertid kun ind rømme fritagelse, hvis den fik forsikring om, at enhver bruger i EØS kan få stillet Concerts tjenester til rådighed gennem MCI i stedet for BT på trods af udpegningen af BT som enedistributør, og hvis parterne ændre de en restriktiv bestemmelse, som tog sigte på at forhindre MCI i at komme ind på nogle sektorer af telekommunikationsmarkedet i EØS.
However, the exemption was only granted once assurances were received that, despite the appointment of BT as exclusive distributor in the European Economic Area (EEA), any customer in this area can obtain Concert's services through MCI instead of BT, and also once the parties amended a provision intended to dissuade MCI from enter ing some sectors of the telecommunications market in the EEA.
Det Forenede Kongerige og Irland, og AMD får ret til at sælge sine produkter aktivt i resten af EØS, ansås også for at falde ind under artikel 85, stk. 1.
Olivetti/Digital the United Kingdom and Ireland, and to AMD to sell actively in the rest of the EEA, was also found to fall under Article 85(1).
Kommissionen mente imidlertid, at der kunne indrømmes individuel fritagelse, idet de konkurrencebegrænsende virkninger blev opvejet af de opnåede fordele.
However, the Commission considered that an individual exemption could be granted because the restrictive effects were out weighed by the resultant benefits.
Man konkluderede således, at udbredelsen af en ny generation af halvledere vil medføre tekniske og økonomiske fremskridt, da de giver mulighed for at frem stille stadig mindre, hurtigere og mere pålidelige elektroniske systemer af enhver art lige fra computere til bærbare telefoner.
In particular, it concluded that the dissemination of a new generation of semiconductors would lead to technical and economic progress by making possible the production of increasingly smaller, faster, and more reliable electronic products ranging from computers to portable telephones.
Disse to computerselskaber aftalte, at Digital skal stille sin Alpha AXP-teknologi (som benyttes i computerne til at forøge hastigheden) til rådighed for Olivetti, og til gengæld skal Olivetti kun anvende Digitals teknologi i visse produkter og desuden købe visse AXP-komponenter hos Digital.
These two computer companies agreed that Digital would provide Olivetti with its Alpha AXP technology (which is used in computers to increase processing speed), and in return Olivetti would use only Digital's licensed technology in certain products, and, furthermore, would purchase certain AXP components from Digital.
Digital for pligtede sig til fortsat at købe Intel-baserede PC'er hos Olivetti i forbindelse med selskabets europæiske transaktioner.
Digital agreed to continue purchasing Intel-based PCs from Olivetti for its European sales operations.
I forbindelse med aftalen erhvervede Digital 8 % af Olivettis aktiekapital, men disse aktier blev senere solgt.
Although the agreement was originally accompanied by the acquisition by Digital of 8% of Olivetti's share capital, these shares were subsequently sold.
Kommissionen indrømmede fritagelse for transaktionen, da den konkluderede, at aftalens restriktive virkninger blev mere end opvejet af de fordele, der følger af en øget udbredelse af Digitals avancerede Alpha AXP-teknologi, som vil fremme tekniske fremskridt, og fordi der var forskellige konkurrerende teknologier på markedet.
The Commission exempted the operation, as it concluded that its restrictive effects were outweighed by benefits resulting from the increased dissemination of Digital's advanced Alpha AXP technology, which will promote technical progress, and because there are several competing technologies available on the market.
Joint venture-selskaber: F & U samt produktion
R & D and production joint ventures
Ni selskaber, der primært driver virksomhed inden for telekommunikation og rumfart, oprettede et joint venture-selskab med henblik på at tilbyde internationale telekommunikationstjenester til erhvervslivet i Europa og Nordamerika via satellit.
Nine companies, which are mostly active in the telecommunications equipment or aerospace sectors, set up a joint venture to provide international telecommunications ser vices via satellite to companies in Europe and the United States.
Joint venture selskabet kommer til at eje to satellitter, hvoraf den første allerede blev opsendt i november 1994.
The joint venture will own two satellites, the first of which was launched in November 1994.
Kommissionen meddelte negativattest, idet den konkluderede, at selskaberne ikke var konkurrenter på dette marked, idet ingen af selskaberne ville kunne gennemføre projektet alene.
The Com mission granted negative clearance, because it concluded that the companies were not competitors of one another in this market -none of them could have undertaken the project on their own.
Kommissionen mente tillige, at projektet ville øge konkurrencen på markedet for disse tjenester og for satellittransmissionskapacitet, da joint venture-selskabet vil være en ny konkurrent til de store strategiske alliancer, der i øjeblikket etableres på markedet, og desuden vil sælge overskudskapacitet på satellitterne til tredje mand.
Furthermore, it considered that the project would increase competition on the market for such services and for satellite transmission capacity: the joint venture will be a new competitor of the big strategic alliances being established and, moreover, will sell spare capacity on the satellite to third parties.
Fujitsu (Japan) og Advanced Micro Devices (AMD-US) har oprettet et joint venture-selskab Fujitsu-AMD, som skal producere avancerede microchips til den nye generation af højteknologiske produkter. Markedet for disse produkter er meget dynamisk.
Fujitsu (Japan) and Advanced Micro De vices (AMD - US) set up a joint venture, Fujitsu AMD, which will manufacture advanced microchips for use in the next generation of high-tech products.
Således ventes delmarkedet for flash-hukommelser (en af de microchips, som joint venture selskabet skal producere) at ville vokse til det tidobbelte mellem 1992 og 1996.
In particular, the segment for flash memories (one of the microchips which will be produced by the joint venture) is forecast to increase tenfold between 1992 and 1996.
Det forventes at føre til lavere priser og en mere udbredt anvendelse af disse højteknologiske produkter.
This is expected to lead to lower prices and the more widespread use of these high-tech products.
Kommissionen konkluderede, at oprettelsen af joint ventureselskabet faldt ind under artikel 85, stk. 1, idet selskabet begrænser konkurrencen mellem parterne, som er konkurrenter på dette marked.
The Commission concluded that the establishment of the joint venture falls within the scope of Article 85(1) because it restricts competition between the parties, who are competitors in this field.
En ter ritorial begrænsning i teknologikrydslicensaftalen, hvorefter Fujitsu i en periode på fem år får ret til at sælge sine produkter aktivt i
A territorial restriction included in the Technology Cross-licence Agreement reserving, for five years, to Fujitsu, the right to sell actively in
Kommissionen har indrømmet fritagelse for aftalerne mellem amerikanske Exxon og engelsk-hollandske Shell, der etablerede et joint venture-selskab, der skal producere lineær Polyethylen til moderselskaberne.
The Commission granted an exemption to the agreements between these American and Anglo/Dutch companies establishing a production joint venture which will produce linear polyethylene for its parents.
Efter at have modtaget en klagepunktsmeddelelse fra Kommissionen ændrede parterne deres oprindelige aftaler, således at parterne
Following action by the Commission, the companies modified their original agreements, increasing the freedom of each party to supplement independently their original investment in
Joint venture-selskabet vil også stimulere konkurrencen om flere og bedre monovalente vacciner og bidrage til at forbedre distributionen af de eksisterende og fremtidige vacciner, der stammer fra Merck.
improvement in distribution of existing and future Merck­origin vaccines.
De ændrede aftaler giver også joint ventureselskabets ledelse større uafhængighed og parterne ret til at udnytte en del af den anden parts kapacitet, hvis sidstnævnte ikke udnytter hele sin andel.
The modified agreements also result in increased independence for the management of the joint venture and permits each party to use part of the capacity dedi­cated to the other, in the event that the latter fails to take all its allotted share.
Disse foran staltninger skal så vidt muligt begrænse samarbejdets virkning på konkurrenceforholdet mellem de to parter.
These measures are intended to limit, as far as pos­sible, the effects of the collaboration on the competitive relationship between the parties.
Det pågældende marked anses for at være oligopolistisk, hvorfor det langt fra er indlysende, at et sådant joint venture-selskab mel lem to større konkurrenter er foreneligt med konkurrencereglerne.
The market in question was considered to have oligopolistic characteristics, and thus the compatibility of such a joint venture between two major competitors with the competition rules was far from evident.
Ikke desto mindre blev aftalerne fritaget for en periode på 10 år, hvilket primært skyldes, at de begrænsninger, som joint ventureselskabet giver anledning til, ikke kan reduceres yderligere, hvis projektet skal kunne gennemføres, og at produktionen af den lineære Polyethylen bliver særdeles effektiv, idet man vil anvende den nyeste produktionsteknologi, hvormed produktet kan sælges til meget konkurrence dygtige priser.
None the less, the operation was exempted for 10 years mainly because the restrictions resulting from the joint venture were the minimum possible to enable the project to succeed, and because, as the plant would use the latest production technology, the linear polyethylene would be produced very effi­ciently, enabling the sale of this product at very competitive prices.
Da Kommissionen indrømmede fritagelse, tog den også hensyn til, at Merck, der allerede trængte ind på de europæiske vaccinemarkeder i begyndelsen af 1970'erne, stadig kun har en meget begrænset markedsandel i Europa uden for Tyskland, selv om begge parter figurerer blandt de førende vaccineproducenter i verden.
In granting an exemption, the Commission also took account of the fact that, although the parties are both among the leading worldwide vaccine producers, Merck has an extremely limited European presence out­side Germany, despite entering the European vaccine markets at the beginning of the 1970s.
Da parternes europæiske vaccine-porteføljer i vid udstrækning er komplementære, er der samtidig kun få overlapninger mellem parternes vacciner på de enkelte nationale vaccinemarkeder.
Moreover, as the parties' European vaccine portfolios are to a large extent com­plementary, there are only a few overlaps between the parties' vaccines on specific national vaccine markets.
For yderligere at reducere aftalens konkurrence begrænsende virkning ændrede parterne deres oprindeligt anmeldte aftale væsentligt i relation til det franske marked for vacciner mod mæslinger/fåresyge/røde hunde, markederne for monovalent Hib i Frankrig, Tyskland og de skandinaviske EFTA-lande samt samarbejdsaftalerne med Behringwerke AG, den tyske distributør af Mercks vacciner.
In order to limit further any anticompetitive effect of the agreement, the parties furthermore agreed to amend their agreement as originally notified in relation to the French measles/mumps/ rubella vaccine markets, the French, German and Scandinavian EFTA countries' mono­valent Hib (haemophilus influenza B) mar­kets and the cooperation agreements with Behringwerke AG, the German distributor of Merck's vaccines.
Derved er konkurrencebegrænsningerne blevet mindsket betydeligt.
The restrictions of competition accordingly became very limited.
I oktober indrømmede Kommissionen fritagelse for et joint venture-selskab mellem Merck (USA) og Pasteur Mérieux Serums et Vaccins, et datterselskab af Rhône Poulenc (Frankrig).
The joint venture will accelerate the availability of such multi­valent vaccines as it will have a large portfo­lio of monovalent vaccines for combination.
Joint ventureselskabet skal overtage de to selskabers aktiviteter inden for humanvacciner.
This will lead to important public health benefits, in particular for paediatric vaccina­tion.
En af hovedopgaverne for joint ventureselskabet består i at formulere og udvikle nye polyvalente vacciner, dvs. en kombination af flere antigener i en enkelt vaccine.
Children will benefit from the avail­ability of a single 'cocktail' injection, for immunization against a whole range of dis­eases including diphtheria, tetanus, pertus­sis, polio, hepatitis Β and haemophilus influenza Β (one of the causes of meningi­tis).
Joint ventureselskabet vil fremskynde udbredelsen af polyvalente vacciner, da det råder over et stort antal monovalenter, der kan benyttes til kombinationer.
The joint venture will also stimulate competition for more and better new mono­valent vaccines and contribute to a net
Joint ventureselskabets produktion skal leveres til moderselskaberne og andre lampeproducenter. peproducenter.
Although it was considered that the agree­ment restricted competition and thus fell within Article 85(1), an individual exemp­
ANTITRUST ARTIKEL 85 OG 86 for tolagsteknologien supplerer de således hinanden i vidt omfang. Fritagelsen blev indrømmet efter, at parterne ændrede deres aftale, således at den udløber efter en periode på fem år fra det tidspunkt, hvor den kommercielle produktion indledes i EU, dog senest i 2005.
ANTITRUST: ARTICLES 85 AND 86 granted after the parties had amended their agreement in such a way that the period covered will expire at the end of a five-year term starting on the date on which commercial production begins in the Community, and at any rate by the year 2005.