natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
F = Amai dage til gennemførelse af samtlige uden hensyn lil eventuel overlapning. Direkte omkostninger: registreringsafgifter, som betales direkte lil myndighederne.
F = Number of days required to complete all procedures, disregarding overlap.
Indirekte omkostninger: honorarer til advokater, agenter rav.
Indirect costs: lawyers' and agents' fees etc.
Anmærkning: Det er hensigten, al denne sammenligning skal udvides til at omfatte de øvrige medlemsstater. Kilde: Europa Kommissionen. DG XIII-D. Logolech cl al. ( 1995).
It is planned to extend this comparison lo other Member States.
arbejde så omfattende, at der ikke levnes tid til innovation.
Page 50
På grund af manglende intern koordination afkræver myndighederne endvidere virksomhederne et væld af angivelser og de samme oplysninger flere gange.
A growing number of companies have adopted new strategies and structures so as to be quicker and more flexible in taking advantage of the new opportunities offered by the single market.
Oprettelse af en virk somhed og ansættelse af den første personale stab er til forskel fra USA noget af et forhindringsløb i de fleste europæiske lande.
Unlike US companies, however, these European firms still have to operate through a complex and costly network of subsidiaries established in other Member States.
Det tager ofte over en måned (undtagen ved enkelt mandsvirksomheder), og omkostningerne andrager flere tusinde ECU.
The internal market will never be achieved unless European companies can operate more flexibly and more effectively throughout the Union.
Det forekommer, at overdreven administrativ nidkærhed komplicerer simple og effektive foranstaltninger.
The EEIG (European Economic Interest Group ing) is the only statutory instrument in force for European cooperation.
I Frankrig f.eks. blev der i 1979 indført iværksætterstøtte til arbejdsløse, som selv skabte deres arbejdsplads. Denne ordning blev en stor succes.
Its purpose is to facilitate, develop or improve the results of the economic activity of the Community's economic operators.
I 1987 blev systemet ændret med det prisværdige formål at reducere antallet af konkurser blandt de nyoprettede virksomheder. Hver ansøgning skulle herefter forelægges for en administrativ kommission, som skulle vurdere den vordende virksomheds leve dygtighed.
Each member of the EEIG is held personally responsible for the debts of the grouping, and to an unlimited extent; the EEIG may employ no more than 500 persons; its activities may be no more than auxiliary to that of its members; it may take no part or action in a member company and it may not offer shares to the public.
Derved blev proceduren så træg og langvarig, at det medførte en kraftig nedgang i oprettelsen af virksomheder og arbejdspladser i henhold til denne ord ning.
As stated in the Ciampi report, the European company would be the ideal instrument to enable firms to cooperate and restructure beyond frontiers, and a means of bypassing the
Det bidrager til fornyelse af erhvervsstrukturerne på de markeder, som er i fremdrift.
One way of getting round this impasse would be to put forward a number of alternative statutes accommodating the various points at issue, such as employee representation, or even simplified statutes specially tailored to new, innovative firms.
De findes ikke i så stort antal i Europa som i USA, hvorfor det er vanskeligere for dem at ekspandere.
The way ahead might then be clear, particularly in the light of the recent adoption of the Directive on the establishment of a European Works Council. '
Adgangen til risikokapital og offentlige midler (via børsmarkederne) er van skeligere for sådanne virksomheder i Europa end andre steder.
Because of the obstacles listed above, innovation in Europe is marking time.
I Europa er der derfor i højere grad end i USA tendens til, at de forbliver små og ikke fuldt udnytter deres udviklingspotentiale. tiale.
There are not enough new businesses, methods of open and participative organization and management are not widely enough known, and there is a widespread reluctance to seek information.
steydelseschecks« ') har fået stor succes i mange lande.
See the Commission communication on informing and consulting workers, adopted on 14 November 1995.
De er ubestrideligt en innovation, som har et langt større anvendelsespotentiale.
An improvement in terms of quantity and quality of innovation in Europe — vital for the future — depends primarily on the initiatives of enterprises and individuals themselves.
Åbningen af informationscentre for vejledning om administrative formaliteter og samordningskontorer, hvor formaliteterne kan afvikles centralt, vinder udbredelse i visse lande (Frankrig.
While the role of the authorities is thus by nature limited, it is nevertheless essential, in view of the number of obstacles identified earlier which discourage initiatives and curb their full development.
Det Forenede Kongerige, og endog i elektronisk form i Danmark).
need to be undertaken at Community level for reasons of efficiency, for example to ensure the exchange of experience and a wider dissemination of good practice.
I Tyskland er der nedsat en uafhængig kommission, som skal forenkle de lovgivningsmæssige og administrative procedurer.
With regard to possible measures supporting and supplementing national actions and actions undertaken by enterprises at Community level, the Commission is keen to point out that they will not require any new funding but may be financed by redirecting existing programmes.
I flere lande er det blevet reglen, at den pågældende myndighed selv pålægger sig stramme svarfrister.
Although the actions which are proposed are not particularly numerous, they are nevertheless extremely varied.
Kommissionen har nedsat et udvalg til forbedring af erhvervsklimaet og fremme af udviklin gen af virksomheder med henblik på at træffe foranstaltninger i samarbejde med medlemssta terne på dette område.
Of course, with subsidiarity in mind, there is a need to distinguish clearly between responsibility at Community, national and local levels and how these levels should cooperate. Some measures therefore
Et symposium om etablering af virksomheder blev afholdt i juni 1995 i Paris.
Route of action 1: To develop technology monitoring and foresight
d) Juridiske foranstaltninger, som er uegnede til det europæiske samarbejde
An initial requirement is the development of 'technology watch' which provides reliable access to the best reports on technological information in the world.
De eksisterende juridiske foranstaltninger er uegnede til samarbejde eller udvikling af virk somheder på europæisk plan.
At the same time, regular statistical surveys of technological innovation should be organized in the Member States.
Formålet med de administrative formaliteter synes at være kontrol for enhver pris i et sådant omfang, at selv velmente foranstaltninger ofte får groteske følger.
Its activities are permanently linked to the technology watch actions being earned out as part of the specific research programmes under the fourth framework programme.
Alligevel er de pågældende virksomheder forpligtet til at opgive de sociale bidrag, selv om disse er nul.
The idea is that the data is then channelled and exploited to illustrate the situation in the Member States and their major industrial rivals.
Meget ofte kan arbejdsgiveren ikke ansætte en medarbejder, for hvem der ikke skal betales sociale bidrag ved ansættelsen, før myndighederne efter gennemgang af de relevante formularer har givet tilladelse til at ansætte medarbejderen.
Actions involving consultation and socioeconomic forecasting could also be launched as part of the ETAN network (European technology assessment network), following a review of recent national initiatives (e.g. Technology foresight in the United Kingdom, Delphi actions in France and Germany and the Foresight Committee in the Netherlands).
Nogle af fordelene ved fritagelsen for svinder, når man fortsat skal udfylde unødvendige papirer.
They should make it possible to expand and update the knowledge base which decision-makers rely on for launching research programmes and actions.
Ganske vist fortsætter bestræbelserne på at forenkle de administrative procedurer: »Tjene-
Such needs are well illustrated by the energy-environment-economy inter-relationship.
Stadig flere selskaber har indført nye strategier og strukturer for hurtigere og mere smidigt at kunne udnytte det indre markeds nye muligheder.
The debate should focus on actions undertaken at national level in order:
I modsætning til de amerikanske virksom heder skal de europæiske selskaber imidlertid stadig operere via et net af datterselskaber i de forskellige medlemsstater, hvilket er både kom pliceret og kostbart.
D to bolster the mechanisms which allow SMEs to be involved in and benefit from Community research, by encouraging in particular the management of research and techno logical development projects by technologyminded SMEs and the incorporation by traditional SMEs of new technologies;
Det indre marked vil aldrig blive virkeliggjort, hvis ikke europæiske selskaber kan operere mere fleksibelt og effektivt i hele Unionen.
D to establish ambitious objectives to increase the proportion of gross domestic product devoted to research, development and innovation; tion;
EØFG (Europæisk Økonomisk Firmagruppe) er det eneste eksisterende organ, som er oprettet med henblik på det europæiske samarbejde.
D to encourage national research by enter prises (especially the one financed by enter prises, or the one financed by governments, within the limits allowed by Article 92 of the Treaty);
Formålet er at forenkle, udvikle eller forbedre resultaterne af de økonomiske aktiviteter. Det er dog stadig en utilstrækkelig eller uegnet foranstaltning til innovation, udnyttelse af forskningsresultaterne og den teknologiske udvikling.
D to boost inter-programme cooperation (in order to develop joint calls for proposals) and, in particular, to launch pilot schemes combining social and technological innovation in fields of specific interest to citizens (health, environment, municipal and local services, etc.).
Indførelsen af vedtægten om det europæiske selskab er imidlertid blokeret i Rådet på grund af manglende enighed.
D to refine the tools for technological forecasting and the instruments for coordination to facilitate the exploitation of research results;
For at komme ud af dette dødvande, bør man undersøge muligheden for at foreslå alternative vedtægter, som kan tilgodese de forskellige holdninger, bl.a. med hensyn til arbejdstagerrepræsentation eller endog forenklede vedtægter, som i højere grad er afpasset efter nye innovationsvirksomheders særlige forhold. Der synes at være gode mulig heder, især efter at direktivet om europæiske samarbejdsudvalg netop er blevet vedtaget ')·
D to introduce or to reinforce among the parameters for the monitoring and evaluation of research programmes and projects (from the fourth framework programme in the field of research and technological development onwards) the criteria relating to their impact on innovation (including business start-ups) in addition to the direct benefits for those involved;
Som det fremgår af Ciampi-rapporten vil det europæiske selskab være en egnet foranstaltning for virksomheders samarbejde og omstrukturering på tværs af grænserne.
D to strengthen the mechanisms linking basic research and innovation, focusing on markets with high growth potential, such as prime sectors and 'green' markets;
Hermed ville det være muligt at fjerne hindringerne for den teknologiske innovation i form af juridiske forskrifter og andre begrænsninger, som følger af 15 forskellige retssystemer.
D to pay better attention to the needs of innovation and the most relevant experience gained from current SME actions in preparing the fifth framework programme and to better take innovation into account within Community policies other than the framework pro gramme;
Der må gøres en indsats for at ændre disse forhold.
At Community level it appears necessary:
På grund af de hindringer, som er beskrevet ovenfor, står innovationen i Europa i stampe.
D to reformulate, in collaboration with end users, industry and researchers in the Member States, the methods of defining the content of Community research and development pro grammes, in order to improve the exploitation of research results and innovation.
Der er for få nye virksomheder, og utilstrækkeligt kendskab til åbne organisations- og managementmetoder, ligesom man generelt er tilbageholdende med hensyn til at søge informationer. Hertil kommer spredning af forskningsak
The Commission would like to see project evaluation increasingly include an enterprise plan for the use of results; this should in practice encourage efforts towards growth, innovation and internationalization on the part of the most dynamic technological SMEs.
') Se Kommissionens meddelelse om informering og konsultation af arbejdstagere, som blev vedtaget den 14. november 1995.
Existing or future task forces should allow for clear operational mechanisms to permit SMEs prompt involvement in applying results;
Den kvantitative og kvalitative forbedring af innovation i EU, som er af afgørende betydning for fremtiden, afhænger først og frem mest af de initiativer, der tages af enkeltpersoner og af virksomheder.
1996 is the European Year of Lifelong Learning. The opportunity has to be taken to emphasize the importance of innovation becoming a permanent feature of initial and further training.
Selv om de offentlige myndigheder i sagens natur således spil ler en ret begrænset rolle, er det ikke desto mindre en vigtig rolle, fordi alle de hindringer, der er omtalt i det foregående, modvirker disse initiativer og bremser dem i deres udfoldelse.
The debate should concentrate mainly on the following objectives and on the best way to meet them: at national level:
Visse foranstaltninger bør således træffes af EU's instanser for at sikre en større gennemslagskraft, f.eks. for at fremme udveksling af erfaringer og opnå en større spredning af god praksis. Hvad angår foranstaltninger i EU-regi, som f.eks. støtte foranstaltninger og foranstaltninger til supplering af nationale aktioner og virksomhedernes aktioner, ønsker Kommissionen at understrege, at der ikke er behov for ny finansiering, da de kan finansieres ved hjælp af omplacering af midler under de eksisterende programmer.
D developing, through cooperation among establishments and companies, the training of engineers and technicians in the tertiary sector which is adapted to activities in the sector and to consumer needs (e.g. maintenance, servicing, repairs, etc.); training provided partly by enter prises could link science subjects with legal and economic studies, communications techniques and psychology.
De foreslåede aktioner er måske ikke særlig talrige, men de er til gengæld yderst forskelligartede.
at Community level, the debate will allow to specify the conditions and modalities of:
Ved hjælp af debatten skal man kunne bedømme disse forslag, præcisere gennemførelsesbetingelserne og vurdere, på hvilket niveau gennem førelsen skal ske.
D the creation of a European network of new teaching media based on cooperation between industry and educational and training establish ments;
Kommissionen foreslår derfor at indlede en debat om de forskellige aktioner, den anser for at være nødvendige for at overvinde disse ulemper og hindringer for innovation i EU.
D a greater effort to instill young people in the education system with the spirit of creativity and enterprise.
Naturligvis bør man i overensstemmelse med nærhedsprincippet skelne klart mellem de områder, der hører ind under Unionens, de nationale eller de lokale instansers ansvarsområde, og de områder, hvor det er
This could imply the introduction of education syllabuses which include an outline of the operation of an enterprise, know ledge of a market, familiarization with materials, techniques, products, costs, tuition in the techniques of creativity and experimental methods, etc.;
Aktionsområde 1: Udvikling af teknologisk overvågning og teknologiske fremtidsstudier
D establishing a system of certification for basic technical and vocational skills, based on a cooperative effort between higher education institutions, enterprises, professional bodies and chambers of commerce;
Det drejer sig først og fremmest om at udvikle den teknologiske overvågning, som skal sikre en pålidelig adgang til den højeste grad af teknologisk information på verdensplan.
D surveying more efficiently the new professions (e.g. financial analysts for innovation projects) in line with the needs of the economy with regard to innovation; identifying the new qualifications required by present and likely future technological changes; designing train ing courses which could be adopted by national education and training systems;
Sideløbende hermed bør der regelmæssigt foretages statistiske undersøgelser af den teknologi ske innovation i medlemsstaterne.
D promoting a general breakdown of barriers between disciplines: introduction of training modules on innovation management and communication into scientific and technical training syllabuses and technology management courses in business training programmes, etc.;
Disse undersøgelser skal bl.a. gøre det muligt at måle omkostninger og fordele som følge af de nyskabende aktiviteter og bedre at forstå, hvilke faktorer der er bestemmende for innovationen. tionen.
D the mutual recognition of training modules, favouring agreements between teaching and training institutions, as well as between professional branches;
Med dette mål for øje blev Instituttet for Teknologiske Fremtidsstudier i Sevilla (IPTS) oprettet.
D stimulating further training, in particular in SMEs; developing and generalizing training to new technologies and innovation and technol ogy transfer among enterprises (support bodies for the social partners);
Instituttet arbejder til stadighed med aktioner vedrørende teknologisk overvågning, som udføres som led i særprogrammerne for forskning under det fjerde rammeprogram.
D supporting the creation of sandwich courses in higher education with a view to a better integration of general and vocational training, research and industry along the lines of 'campus companies', with training geared primarily to the promotion of innovation and management of technology transfer.
Det skal foretage en hurtig indsamling af relevante, disponible oplysninger og sikre, at oplysningerne behandles i kodificeret form, således at de bliver anvendelige.
D exploiting the possibilities offered by distance learning and information technologies to stimulate and satisfy the demand for training;
Samtidig vil der kunne iværksættes en række aktioner med henblik på høring og socioøkonomisk prognose som led i ETAN-nettet (EU's teknologivurderingsnet), efter udarbejdelse af en oversigt over de seneste nationale erfaringer (f.eks.
The Member States need to pursue, develop or implement actions to encourage various types of mobility: social mobility, mobility between professions, mobility between research institutes and enterprises, etc.
Technology Foresight i Det Forenede Kongerige, Delphi-programmerne i Frankrig og Tyskland, Foresight Committee i Nederlandene).
For its part, the Community has to make every effort to eliminate or reduce the regulatory barriers to mobil-
Formålet med denne fremgangsmåde er at fremme udveksling af erfaringer mellem landene, sammenligning af arbejder, identificering af de områder, hvor der hersker enighed eller uenighed, samt udarbejdelse af synteser på
See the proposals in the White Paper on education and training (COM(95) 590).
nomiske sektor kunne øges og udnyttes i højere grad.
tem; from 1 January 1996 these awards will be known as Marie Curie scholarships; ity and intensify and expand its programmes in this area.
Eksemplet med den indbyrdes vekselvirkning mellem områderne energi-miljø-økonomi illustrerer, at der er behov for sådanne aktioner.
D adoption of rules (directives) designed among other things to create a mortgage pay­ment market and to facilitate the transfer from one fiscal or social security system to another;
Endvidere vil de aktiviteter, der tager sigte på bedre at forstå og kvantificere forbindelserne mellem de nye teknologier, instrumenterne til stimulering af deres iværksættelse og den øko
D awarding the label 'European research worker' to those who have been significantly involved in Community programmes and the title of 'European project leader' to those who have coordinated Community projects involv­ing partners from several different countries, in order to provide recognition which will stand them in good stead in their future career;
Aktionsområde 2: Forskning med sigte på innovation
D the development of new ways for skills recognition beyond the diploma and formal education, in the first instance at national and local levels.
Debatten bør handle om følgende aktioner, der skal iværksættes:
At European level, a project for a personal skills smart card will be imple­mented.
D Den del af bruttonationalproduktet, der er afsat til forskning, udvikling og innovation, bør øges i betydelig grad.
D encouraging the mobility of research work­ers and engineers to SMEs to facilitate the transfer of skills and technologies derived from Community projects;
D De mekanismer, der gør det muligt for SMV at deltage i EU-forskningen og drage fordel af den, bør styrkes, navnlig ved at opfordre SMV'er med teknologisk sigte til at overtage ledelsen af forskningsprojekter og projekter, som indebærer teknologisk udvikling, og ved at integrere anvendelsen af nye teknologier i de traditionelle SMV'er.
D actions designed to encourage the mobility of students, engineers and research workers in connection with the Leonardo and Human capi­tal and Mobility programmes.
D Den forskning, der foregår i virksomhederne, bør fremmes (navnlig den forskning, der finansieres af virksomhederne selv eller af de offentlige myndigheder inden for rammerne af artikel 92 i traktaten).
D increasing the involvement of nationals from other Member States in the management or policy teams of national or regional research and development centres;
D Inden for rammerne af de grænser, kravet om at nedbringe de offentlige underskud og de obligatoriske afgifter sætter, bør den del af de offentlige udgifter, der anvendes til fordel for immaterielle investeringer (forskning og udvikling, uddannelse) og innovation, navnlig i virk somhederne, øges ved hjælp af indirekte instrumenter. menter.
D encouraging transnational partnerships for training in innovation management and the familiarization of young people with basic technological ideas (Erasmus and Comenius programmes);
D Systemerne til teknologisk prognose og de koordineringsinstrumenter, som fremmer udnyttelsen af forskningsresultaterne, bør for bedres.
D promoting the emergence of transnational apprenticeship partnerships.
D De mekanismer, som danner bro mellem den grundlæggende forskning og innovationen, bør styrkes.
Route of action 5: To promote recognition of the benefits of innovation
D Der skal i højere grad tages hensyn til kravene til innovation og til de mest relevante erfaringer fra de igangværende SMV-aktioner under arbejdet med forberedelsen af det femte rammeprogram for forskning.
The action undertaken by the Community and the Member States should strive to persuade the general public of the benefits of innovation.
D Der bør indføres procedurer for at lytte til SMV'emes ønsker. Formålet hermed skulle være at styrke såvel deres egen forskningskapacitet som deres kapacitet til at absorbere nye teknologier, uanset hvor de stammer fra.
munity level, successfull experiences from the Member States and to produce information programmes using various media (videos, spe­cialist press, CD­ROM, etc.) on the positive repercussions of European innovations and also from other sources.
D De eksisterende task-forcer bør udvides til at omfatte andre områder.
D The launching of a project of Community interest covering an initial phase of five years and involving the Member States could be part of this.
En betydelig del af den supplerende finansiering under det fjerde rammeprogram bør anvendes hertil.
The project, administered by the Com­munity, would be launched after selection by tender.