natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hos disse lærere vil undervisningen være en vekslen mellem perioder, hvor vægten lægges på hovedfaget, og perioder der over vejende drejer sig om emner fra datalogien.
With these teachers, the teaching will be an alternation between periods where the emphasis is laid on the main subject and periods which mainly concentrate on topics from computer science.
Et af gymnasierne har netop anskaffet tidssvarende maskiner og forventer optimistisk store ændringer i både indhold og metode.
One of the Gymnasia has just purchased up-to-date equipment and optimistically anticipates great changes both to content and method.
Et andet gymnasium kan ikke konstatere nogen ændringer i de fleste fag - eleverne skriver dog i stigende omfang opgaver vha. tekstbehandling (med stavekontrol, bemærkes det med udråbstegn).
Another Gymnasium cannot note any changes in the vast majority of subjects - the students do however to an increasing extent write their home work on word processing equipment (with spelling control, it is added with an exclamation mark).
Fra dette gymnasiums svar citeres:"Det er et gennemgående træk for en række fags vedkommende, at man er forbeholden m.h.t. integration af NIT, som dels ikke giver tilstrækkelige pædagogiske fordele, dels forekommer meget tidskrævende i forhold til de for fagene afstukne læseplanskrav".
From the response of this Gymnasium, we quote: "It is a general feature in a number of subjects that there is reluctance as to the integration of NIT which on the one hand does not provide sufficient pedagogical advantages and on the other hand seem very time-consuming in relation to the curriculum requirements laid down for the subjects".
Samfundsfag, erhvervsøkonomi og til en vis grad matematik og fysik har kunnet integrere NIT i undervisningen, uden at "fagenes fundamentale indhold" dog synes ændret.
In the subjects of social studies, business economics and to a certain extent mathematics and physics, it has to a certain extent been possible to integrate NIT into the instruction but the "fundamental content of the subjects" does not seem to have changed anyway.
Et tredje gymnasium kan ligesom de fire erhvervsskoler se en klar tendens mod forandring af både indhold og metoder - især en ændret vægtning af indholdet.
A third Gymnasium can - as is the case with the four vocational schools - see a clear tendency towards a change in both content and methods - in particular a changed weighting of the content.
Særlig på områder, der in volverer regning og statistik, er der sket forandringer: regnearbejde anvendes hyppigere, og der gøres mere brug af kurver og diagrammer.
There have particularly been changes in areas involving arithmetic and statistics: arithmetical work is more frequently used and more use is also made of curves and diagrams.
Gymnasiet forventer ligeledes, at tekstbehandling vil påvirke undervisningen i skriftlig dansk.
There is a tendency to go from few time-consuming to many non-time-
Ad 2 - sammenhængen Der er bred enighed om, at en standardisering af NIT-udstyr og programmel ikke er ønskelig.
Re: 2 - The connection There was a broad agreement about the undesirability of a standardization of NIT-equipment and software.
Langt de fleste skoler på alle trin mener, at det er vigtigt, at eleverne i folkeskolen bliver fortrolige med en bred vifte af NIT-redskaber. Her nævnes især tekstbehandling, desk-top-publishing, regneark, database og tegneprogrammer. Programmel skal iøvrigt være tilpasset den enkelte skoleform og elevgruppe.
The vast majority of schools at all levels find that it is important that the pupils in the Folkeskole become acquainted with a wide range of NIT-tools - in particular word processing, desk-top-publishing, spreadsheet, database and drawing programs.
Flere af folkeskolerne fremhæver betydningen af nøjagtigt beskrevne undervisningsmål eller minimumskrav på dette område "af hensyn til modtagerinstitutionerne".
Several basic schools underline the importance of precisely described educational aims or minimum requirements in this area "in consideration of the receiving institutions".
En del foreslår desuden gensidig orientering og afholdelse af fælles konferencer. cer.
Some furthermore propose mutual orientation and the organization of joint conferences.
En folkeskole mener, at der er brug for samordning og eventuelt fælles indkøb. En teknisk skole ønsker ensartet udstyr.
One basic school finds that there is a need for joint action and joint purchases, if possible.
Ad 3 - lærerforudsætninger Næsten alle skoler udtrykker et stort behov for en faglig/pædagogisk efteruddannelse om integration af NIT i fagene.
Re: 3 - Teacher qualifications Almost all schools express a great need for a subjectrelated/pedagogical inservice training programme about the integration of NIT into the subjects.
I gymnasierne er dette især et behov i de humanistiske fag.
At the Gymnasia, there is in particular a need for this in the arts subjects.
En enkelt folkeskole mener, at instruktionerne til de enkelte programmer burde være fuldt tilstrækkeligt grundlag for lærer ne.
One single basic school finds that the instructions for the individual programs ought to be a fully sufficient basis for the teachers.
Forår '92 kurser om integration af NIT i fagene.
Like the teachers, these counsellors need more technically oriented courses.
Herudover foreslår enkelte skoler: - integration af NIT i DLHxs faglige kurser (folkeskole)
One school finds basic courses in the operation of the equipment necessary, and one school finds that basic courses in informatics constitute a necessary prerequisite for subsequent courses about the integration of NIT into the subjects.
- lokale studiekredse om NIT i fagene (folkeskole) - periodisk udgivet idékatalog til praktisk faglig brug i fagene (gymnasium)
Some schools furthermore suggest: integration of NIT into the subjectrelated courses of the DLH (Folkeskole) local study circles about NIT in the subjects (Folkeskole) periodical publication of idea catalogues for practical subjectrelated use in the subjects (Gymnasium).
FOLKESKOLEN
THE FOLKESKOLE
LÆSEPLANSARBEJDE
CURRICULUM WORK
Arbejdet med at udsende vejledende materiale for integration af NIT i undervisningen blev indledt i Undervisningsministeriet i maj 1989.
The work with the dissemination of instructive material for the integration of NIT into the instruction was commenced by the Ministry of Education in May 1989.
Her blev det besluttet at beskrive de obligatoriske fags udvikling i forhold til de emner og muligheder informationsteknologien giver inden for fagenes eksisterende formål og som supplement til fagenes eksisterende vejledende læseplaner og undervisningsvejledninger - fire fag om året i fire år.
It was decided to describe the development of the obligatory subjects in relation to the topics and possibilities offered by the information technology within the existing aims of the subjects and as a supplement to the existing curriculum guidelines and teaching guides of the subjects - four subjects a year for four years.
Det blev ligeledes besluttet, at det vejledende materiale skulle udarbejdes af lærere, der var kompetente inden for deres fag og samtidig havde kendskab til folkeskolens undervisning og til NIT-området. Udvalgene skulle være relativt små (4-6 personer), men arbejdet åbent, så det kunne bygge på de erfaringer, der dog var gjort i undervisningen i fagene.
It was also decided that the instructive material was to be elaborated by teachers who were competent within their respective fields and at the same time were familiar with the teaching of
Som et led i dette arbejde, er der foreløbig udarbejdet vejledende materiale til otte fag - dansk, regning/matematik, geografi, hjemkundskab, samtidsorientering, fysik/kemi, frem medsprog og håndarbejde.
As a part of this work, instructive material has sofar been made for eight subjects - Danish, arithmetic/mathematics, geography, home economics, contemporary studies, physics/chemistry, foreign languages and handicraft.
Tre fag er ved at blive beskrevet -historie, musik og billedkunst. Desuden beskrives for tiden skolebibliotekets funktioner og informationsteknologiens betydning for dem.
Three subjects are about to be described - history, music and visual arts.
De sidste fire fag - biologi, idræt, kristendomskundskab og sløjd - vil blive sat i gang i efteråret 1992.
The work with the last four subjects: biology, physical education and sport, Christian studies and sloyd will be initiated in the autumn of 1992.
Beskrivelserne udarbejdes af læseplansudvalg - bestående alene af fagfolk - som supplementer til de vejledende læseplaner og undervisningsvejledninger, der eksisterer for fagene.
The descriptions are drawn up by curriculum committees consisting solely of experts - as supplements to the existing curriculum guidelines and teaching guides for the individual subjects.
Af kommissoriet fremgår det bl.a. at udgangspunktet for det vejledende materiale skal tages i de to fags formål - det obligatoriske fag og valgfaget datalære, som det blev beskrevet i 1985.
It a.o. appears from the terms of reference that the point of departure of the instructive material shall be taken in the aims of the two subjects: the obligatory subject and the optional subject of informatics as they were described in 1985.
Udvalgene er desuden blevet bedt om at tage hensyn til, at de begreber, emner og metoder, der knytter sig til datalære området, er ukendte for de fleste lærere.
The committees have furthermore been asked to take into consideration that the concepts, topics and methods which are connected with the informatics-area are unknown to most teachers.
NIT-supplementerne udsendes til kommunerne/skolerne efter hånden, som de bliver færdige.
The NIT-supplements will be disseminated by the municipalities/ schools as and when they are ready.
Supplementet til læseplanen henvender sig til de lokale skolemyndigheder.
The supplement to the curriculum addresses itself to the local school authorities.
Det angiver hvordan en skoles læseplan kan, men ikke nødvendigvis skal udformes.
It indicates how the curriculum of a
Forår '92 inddrages i undervisningen i faget, hvor den skønnes at have betydning for fagets emner, så eleverne får kendskab til begreber og metoder fra begge fagområder, der er af betydning, når informationsteknologien integreres og dermed for de nye perspektiver og muligheder i faget.
In all subjects, emphasis is laid on including NIT in the instruction in the subject, where it is estimated to be of importance to the topics of the subject, so that the pupils are familiarized with concepts and methods from both subject areas that are of importance when the information technology is to be integrated and thus of importance to the new perspectives and possibilities of the subject.
I det vejledende materiale om dansk og NIT beskrives informationsteknologien som en naturlig del af faget dansk, fordi den er kommet til at spille en væsentlig rolle i ethvert menneskes sproglige virkelighed med betydelige konsekvenser for både form og indhold.
In the instructive material about the subject: Danish and NIT, the information technology is described as a natural part of the subject: Danish, because it has come to play an important role in the linguistic reality of any human being with considerable consequences both for the form and the content.
Der er opstået nye kommunikationsformer og informationsteknologiens sprog og begrebsverden rejser nye spørgsmål inden for den almindelige sproglære.
New communication forms have come into existance, and the language and conceptual world of the information technology raise new questions to the ordinary grammar.
Specielt fremhæves indførelsen af elektronisk tekstbehandling (etb), der radikalt ændrer elevernes arbejdsformer, så undervisningen i langt højere grad kan forme sig som lærerens vejledning under skriveprocessen i stedet for at være kommentarer til det færdige resultat - en ændring, der gør etb til et vigtigt redskab i den procesorienterede skriftlige fremstilling. ling.
The introduction of electronic word processing has been stressed in particular, as it brings about radical changes to the work forms of the pupils, so that the teaching can to a much greater extent take the form of directions from the teacher during the writing process instead of comments to the finished product - a change which makes electronic word processing an important tool in the process-oriented written presentation.
Af læseplanen for regning/matematik fremgår det, at datamaskinen kan inddrages i alle fagets tre hovedområder - tal og algebra, geometri og statistik og sandsynlighedsregning - for at øge elevernes muligheder for at opnå indsigt inden for områderne.
It appears from the curriculum for the subject: arithmetic/mathematics that the computer can be included in all
På tilsvarende måde giver resten af NIT­supplementerne an­visninger på et nyt indhold i fagene på alle klassetrin i folkeskolen ved at beskrive den betydning informationsteknolo­gien har for de enkelte fags kommunikations­ og problemløs­ningsprocesser, for designprocesser, for forståelsen af pro­duktionsprocesser, demokratiske processer, fysiske­ og kemiske processer, for billedbehandling og billedmanipulation osv. og dermed for anvendelsen af informationsteknologien og konsekven­serne af denne anvendelse.
In a similar way, the rest of the NIT-supplements give instructions about a new content in the subjects at all form levels in the Folkeskole by describing the importance of the information technology to the communication and problemsolving processes of the individual subjects, to design processes, to the understanding of production processes, democratic processes, physical and chemical processes, to picture processing and picture manipulation etc. and thus to the use of the information technology and the consequences of this use.
KVALITETSUDVIKLINGSPROJEKTET OM NIT
THE QUALITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT REGARDING NIT
Under Undervisningsministeriets kvalitetsudviklingsprojekt på NIT­området blev de enkelte skoleformer analyseret, vurderet og beskrevet.
In the Ministry of Education's quality development project in the field of NIT, the individual school forms were analyzed, assessed and described.
Som et led i udvalgets arbejde blev der gennemført en spørge­skemaundersøgelse på bl.a.
As part of the committee's work, a questionnaire study was carried through at i.a.
10 folkeskoler med erfaring i at anvende NIT i undervisningen, de blev stillet følgende spørgs­mal:
10 basic schools experienced in the use
Indholdet Kan man med sikkerhed se, at metoder og indhold i de enkelte fag ændres, når NIT­redskaber, datalogiske metoder og begreber indføres og anvendes i undervisningen på Deres skole?
The content Is it possible to see with certainty that methods and content in the individual subjects are changed, when NIT-tools, computerrelated methods and concepts are introduced and used in the teaching at your school?
Sammenhængen Er der behov for en forbedret sammenhæng hvad angår under­visningen i og anvendelsen af NIT mellem Deres skolesystem og øvrige skolesystemer ­ i givet fald hvorledes?
The connection Is there a need for an improved connection when it comes to the teaching in and the use of NIT between your school system and the other school systems - and if so, how?
Lærerforudsætninger Hvilke efteruddannelsesbehov er der på Deres skole brug for til: at gennemføre undervisning i NIT? at gennemføre undervisning, hvor NIT integreres i fagene?
Teacher qualifications Which inservice training needs do you have at your school: to be able to conduct teaching in NIT? to be able to conduct teaching where NIT is integrated into the subjects?
Af folkeskolernes svar fremgår det:
The following appears from the responses of the basic schools:
Indholdet Anvendelsen af NIT i undervisningen har betydet større eller mindre ændringer i både metoder og indhold i delområderne i fagene, men ikke en generel ændring af hele fag.
The content The use of NIT in the instruction has meant major or minor changes both in methods and content in the sub-areas of the subjects, but not a general change of entire subjects.
Tekstbehandling har de fleste steder medført en større vægt på elevernes selvstændige skrivning og på arbejdet med skrifts­proget, layout og orden i dansk og sprogfag. Logo og regneark har gjort det muligt fx at arbejde med trigonometriske funktioner i matematik allerede i 5.­6. klasse.
In most places, word processing has led to a greater emphasis on the pupils' independent writing and on the work with the written language, layout and neatness in Danish and language subjects.
Der er desuden en øget tendens til værkstedspræget under­visning og større ansvarlighed hos eleverne.
There is furthermore an increased tendency towards workshoprelated instruction and a greater accountability with the pupils.
Et par af skolerne anfører, at prøvebestemmelser og læ­seplaner ikke "levner plads for eksperimenter".
A couple of the schools state that examination and curriculum regulations "do not leave much room for experiments".
Sammenhængen Der er bred enighed på skolerne om, at en standardisering af NIT­udstyr og programmel ikke er ønskelig.
The connection There was broad agreement at the schools about the undesirability of a standardization of the NIT-equipment and software.
Langt de fleste skoler på alle trin mener, at det er vigtigt, at eleverne i folkeskolen bliver fortrolige med en bred vifte af NIT­red­skaber. Her nævnes især tekstbehandling, desk­top­publishing, regneark, database­ og tegneprogrammer.
The vast majority of the schools at all levels find that it is important that the pupils of the Folkeskole become acquainted with a wide range of NIT-tools.
Flere af folkeskolerne fremhæver betydningen af nøjagtig beskrevne undervisningsmål eller minimumskrav på dette område "af hensyn til modtagerinstitutionerne.
Several of the basic schools underline the importance of a precise description of the aims of the teaching or minimum requirements in this area "in consideration of the receiving institutions".
En del foreslår desuden gensidig orientering og afholdelse af fælles konferencer.
Some furthermore suggest mutual orientation and the organization of joint conferences.
Næsten alle skoler udtrykker et stort behov for en faglig/­pædagogisk efteruddannelse om integration af NIT i fagene.
Teacher qualifications Almost all schools express a great need for a subjectrelated/pedagogical inservice training programme on the integration of NIT into the subjects.
Der fremhæves nødvendigheden af en eller flere datavejledere på en skole.
They underline the necessity of having one or several computer counsellors at a school.
Disse vejledere har behov for mere teknisk orienterede kurser.
These counsellors need more technically oriented courses.
Ved beskrivelsen af NIT i undervisningen tog udvalget i be­tragtning, at der var tale om et område i udvikling og en kolossal spredning mellem kommunerne og skolerne med hensyn til udstyr og aktivitet.
In its description of NIT in the instruction, the committee took into consideration that it was a question of an area under development and of a enormous variation between the municipalities and the schools with regard to equipment and activity.
De problemområder udvalget fokuserede på blev valgt ud fra den forudsætning.
The problem-areas which the committee focused on were selected on the basis of this.
I modsætning til tilsvaren­de rapporter om de etablerede fagområder indeholder NIT­rappor­ten konklusioner og vejledninger, der har karakter af gode råd og vigtige erfaringer, som var tænkt som en hjælp til den fortsatte udvikling frem mod den naturlige integration af NIT på alle niveauer og i alle fag i undervisningen og på alle skoler.
As opposed to similar reports on the established subject areas, the NIT-report contains conclusions and guidelines that are in the nature of good advice and important experience which are meant as a help for the continued development towards a natural integration of NIT at all levels and in all subjects and at all schools.
Forår '92 logiske udvikling.
The equipment should be of a reasonable standard in relation to the technological development.
Indkøb, klargøring og distribution af undervisningsprogrammer bør organiseres, så det belaster skolens budget mindst muligt og så materialerne bliver lettest muligt tilgængelige for undervisningen.
Purchases, installation and distribution of educational programs should be organized so that it encumbers the school's budget as little as possible and so that the materials are made available to the instruction as easily as possible.
Der bør foregå en bevidst planlægning og styring fra skoleejernes side, såvel økonomisk som pædagogisk.
There should be a deliberate planning and control by the school owners - both financially and pedagogically.
Integration af ny informationsteknologi bør skrives ind i alle fagenes læseplaner.
The integration of the new information technology should be included in the curricula of all subjects.
Når det drejer sig om at kvalificere lærerne inden for dette område, bør der satses på kurser med et fagligt/pædagogisk indhold i højere grad end et teknisk.
When it comes to qualifying the teachers within this area, the schools should aim at courses with a subjectrelated/pedagogical content rather than a technical one.
Kurserne skal afvikles i et nært samarbejde med de lokale skolemyndigheder.
The courses should be held in close cooperation with the local school authorities.
Kurserne bør foregå i så tæt kontakt med den daglige undervisning, at der kan tages udgangspunkt i den enkelte lærers kendskab til den ny teknologi i undervisningen.
The courses should take place in such a close contact with the everyday teaching that it can take its point of departure in the individual teacher's knowledge of new technology in education.
Det er klart, at antallet af arbejdspladser på en skole har stor betydning for de muligheder, lærere og elever har i fagene, men det er lige så klart, at man er nødt til at accepterer en udviklingstakt, der er afpasset de lokale forhold på
Teachers with a special competence in NIT should be trained so that there is - both at the schools and centrally in the
Forår '92 alle de områder, der har betydning for undervisningen,
It was important for the committee to pinpoint that it is sensible to plan a development over a number of years, and that inservice training of teachers in software and hardware purchases are closely related.
Baggrunden for anbefalingerne er, at skolerne integrerer NIT som det er beskrevet fra Undervisningsministeriets side, og som det er naturligt i forhold til den samfundsmæssige udvikling.
The background of the recommendations is that the schools shall integrate NIT as it has been described by the Ministry of Education and as it is natural to do in relation to the societal development.
For at leve op til disse anbefalinger skal kommunerne/­skolerne regne med en udgift pr. elev pr. år over den femårige periode på 285 kr. eller ca. % af det beløb skoler i alminde­lighed har til rådighed for undervisningsaktiviteter. Og det beløb rækker kun, hvis skolen er kommet i gang med at investere i datamatisk udstyr, og det dækker kun indkøb af udstyr.
In order to live up to these recommendations, the municipalities/schools must calculate with an expenditure per pupil per year over a 5-year period of 285 DKK or approx. 1/4 of the amount which the schools normally dispose of for teaching activities.
Dertil kommer en udgift af nogenlunde samme størrelsesorden til at dække indkøb og organisering af undervisningsmaterialer, lærernes efteruddannelse, til rådgivning og vejledning, til tilsyn med maskinerne og til det nødvendige udviklingsarbejde.
To this should be added an expenditure of more or less the same order of magnitude to cover purchases and organization of teaching materials, inservice training of teachers, counselling and guidance, maintenance of equipment and the necessary development work.
Umiddelbart efter, at udvalgets anbefalinger blev kendt, kom en af de store hardwareleverandører (Apple) med et tilbud til skolerne.
This expenditure will normally also correspond to the expenditure connected with the purchase of the computers.
På trods af, at anbefalingerne kan virker økonomisk uover­kommelige, har man mange steder taget dem til sig, og der er
The conclusion to this is that the