natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ligelønsprincippet i traktatens artikel 119 og i artikel 1 i direktiv 751117 skal fortolkes således, at inden for rammerne af et akkordlønsystem er den blotte konstatering af, at gennemsnitslønnen for en gruppe arbejdstagere, overvejende bestillende af kvinder, som udfører en type arbejde, er væsentlig lavere end gennemsnitslønnen for en gruppe arbejdstagere, overvejende bestående af mænd, som udfører en anden type arbejde, der tillægges samme værdi, ikke tilstrækkelig til, at der kan drages den slutning, aider foreligger lønmæssig forskelsbehandling. Når det efter et akkordlønsystem — hvor den individuelle indtjening består af en variabel andel, der beror på den enkelte arbejdstagers arbejdsresultat, og en fast andel, der er forskellig for de pågældende grupper arbejdstagere imidlertid ikke er muligt at konstatere, hvilke faktorer der har haft betydning ved fastsættelsen af de satser eller det grundlag, der er anvendt ved beregningen af den variable andel af lønnen, kan arbejdsgiveren pålægges bevisbyrden for, at de konstaterede forskelle ikke skyldes forskelsbehandling på grundlag af køn.
When ascertaining whether the principle of equal pay has been observed, it is for the national court to decide whether, in the light of circumstances such as, first, the fact that the work done by one of the groups of workers in question involves machinery and requires in particular muscular strength whereas that done by lhe other group is manual work requiring in particular dexterity and, secondly, the fact that there are differences between the work of the two groups with regard to paid breaks, freedom to organize one's own work and work-related inconveniences, the two types of work are of equal value or whether those circumstances may be considered to be objective factors unrelated to any discrimination on grounds of sex which are such as to justify any pay differentials.
I forbindelse med den sammenligning, der skal f oretages mellem gennemsnitslønnen for to grupper akkordlønnede arbejdstagere, skal den nationale retsinstans påse, atde to grupper hver omfatter alle de arbejdstagere, som, henset til en helhed af omstændigheder, herunder arbejdets art, uddannelseskrav og arbejdsforhold, kan anses for at befinde sig i en sammenligneligsituation, og at grupperne omfatter et forholdsvis omfattende antal arbejdstagere f or at udelukke, at de konstaterede forskelle er udtryk for tilfældige eller kortvarige omstændigheder eller skyldes, at de pågældende arbejdstageres individuelle arbejdsresultater er forskellige.
The principle of equal pay for men and women also applies where the elements of the pay are determined by collective bargaining or by negotiation at local level However, the national court may take that fact into account in its assessment of whether differences between the average pay of two groups of workers are due to objective factors unrelated to any discrimination on grounds of sex.'
Princippet om Uge løn til mænd og kvinder finder også anvendelse, når lønelementerne fastsættes ved kollektive forhandlinger etter ved forhandling på lokalt plan, men den nationale retsinstans kan tage dette forhold i betragtning ved
Article 119 of the EEC Treaty and Council Directive 75/117/EEC of 10 February 1975 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the application of the principle of equal pay for men and women apply to systems of pay in which earnings depend, either entirely or in large measure, on the output of individual workers (remuneration at piece-rates);
vurderingen af, om forskelle mellem gennemsnitslønnen for to grupper arbejdstagere skyldes objektive faktorer, der intet har at gøre med forskelsbehandling på grundlag afkøn.* køn.*
It is for the national court to ensure that the groups are comparable, particularly as regards the number of workers in each group and the extent to which the groups are representative of the category of workers to which they relate;
Generaladvokat P. Léger fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Domstolens plenum) den 21. februar 1995.
As regards remuneration at piece-rates, average earnings do not constitute an appropriate basis for comparison leading to a presumption of the existence of sex discrimination between male and female workers;
»- EØF-traktatens artikel 119 og Rådets direktiv 75A17/EØF af 10. februar 1975 om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes lovgivninger om gennemførelse af princippet om lige løn til mænd og kvinder finder anvendelse på lønsystemer, hvor indtjeningen helt eller i væsentlig grad beror på den enkelte arbejdstagers arbejdsresultat (akkordlønsystemer).
It is for the national court to consider the facts before it in order to ascertain that the work compared is of equal value; those facts should also enable the national court, where appropriate, to determine whether there is objective justification where there is a presumption of discrimination based on factors other than average earnings'.
- For så vidt angår akkordløn er gennemsnitslønninger ikke et relevant sammenligningskriterium, på grundlag af hvilket der kan skabes formodning for, at der foreligger forskelsbehandling af mænd og kvinder.
Preliminary ruling (Common Customs Tariff— Council Regulation (EEC) No 3618/86 - Tariff headings 21.07 and 30.03 — Matures of amino acids used for the preparation ofinfusion solutions) (Third Chamber)
På grundlag af de nævnte omstændigheder skal retsinstansen i givet fald også kunne undersøge, om der foreligger objektive faktorer, der ud fra andre hensyn end gennemsnitslønnen kan begrunde en formodet forskelsbehandling.«
The questions were raised in proceedings in connection with the classification for customs purposes of goods described as 'Amino Acid AA Mixture Peco' presented as powdered sterile mixtures of various amino acids in measured doses for the manufacture of infusion solutions.
Præjudiciel »Fælles toldtarif - Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 3618/86 - toldposition 21 07 og 30 03 -blandinger af aminosyrer, der anvendes til fremstilling af infusionsvæsker· (Tredje Afdeling)
'The Common Customs Tariffas amended by Council Regulation (EEC) No 3618/86 of 24 November 1986, amending Regulation (EEC) No 3331/85 amending Regulation (EEC) No 950/68 on the Common Customs Tariff, must be interpreted to the effect that a sterile powder made up of amino acids mixed in precise proportions and used for the preparation of infusion solutions falls under heading 30.03 (subheading 30.03 A II (b)).'
Ved kendelse af 17. oktober 1993, indgået til Domstolen den 8. december s.a., har Bundesfinanzhof forelagt to præjudicielle spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af pos.
Advocate General Cosmas delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Third Chamber on 23 March 1995.
Spørgsmålene er blevet rejst under en retssag vedrørende tariferingen af varer, der er betegnet som »Amino Acid AA Mixture Peco«, og som er doserede, sterile blandinger af forskellige aminosyrer i pulverform til fremstilling af infusionsvæsker.
In the latter case the mere possibility of other uses of the said products (for example in the manufacture of infusion solutions) is irrelevant, and their further classification in subheadings thereunder will take place on the basis of the criteria used in those subheadings and the specific facts of the case in point, which it is for the national bodies to ascertain.'
Domstolen besvarede de forelagte spørgsmål således:
Case C-467/93 Hauptzollamt München-West ν Analog Devices GmbH Free circulation of goods
Generaladvokat G. Cosmas fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Tredje Afdeling') den 23. marts 1995.
That question was raised in proceedings concerning the applicability of the aforementioned regulations to certain analog-to-digital converters for the calculation of the average value of variable wave-forms.
I sidstnævnte tilfælde har den blotte mulighed for andre anvendelser af disse produkter (f.eks. med henblik på fremstilling af infusionsopløsninger) ingen betydning, og deres senere tarifering under de underpositioner, som henhører under position 21.07, sker på grundlag af kriterier, som anvendes for disse underpositioner, og det foreliggende tilfældes konkrete omstændigheder, som det tilkommer de nationale domstole at fastslå.«
'Council Regulations (EEC) No 3841/86 of 8 December 1986, No 1828/87 of 15 June 1987, No 3734/87 of 8 December 1987, No 1779/88 of 9 June 1988, No 3696/88 of 18 November 1988, No 1656/89 of 29 May 1989 and No 3393/89 of 16 October 1989, temporarily
Ved kendelse af 4. november 1993 indgået til Domstolen den 15. december s.a. har Bundesfinanzhof i medfør af EF-traktatens artikel 177 forelagt et præjudicielt spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af Rådets forordninger (EØF) nr. 3841/86, nr. 1828/87, nr. 3747/87, nr. 1779/88, nr. 3696/88, nr. 1656/89 og nr. 3393/89 om midlertidig suspension af de autonome satser
'The suspensions of autonomous Common Customs Tariff duty in respect of analog-to-digital converters for the calculation of the average value of variable wave-forms, in the form of monolithic integrated circuits, contained in housing the dimensions of which do not exceed 10x18 mm, ex tariff heading 85.21 D II of the Common Customs Tariffor, with effect from 1988, ex subheading 8542 11 99 of the combined nomenclature - that is to say, the suspensions of customs duty provided for by Council Regulations (EEC) No 3841 of 8 December 1986, No 1828 of 15 June 1987, No 3747 of 8 December 1987, No 1779 of 9 June 1988, No 3696 of 18 November 1988, No 1656 of 29 May 1989 and No 3393 of 16 October 1989 - are to be interpreted as meaning that the description of the products also encompasses converters of that type which are contained in non-polygonal housing having a diameter of 9.4 mm'.
•Rådets forordninger (EØF) nr. 3841/86 af 8. december 1986, nr. 1828/87 af 15. juni 1987, nr. 3747/87 af 8. december 1987, nr. 1779/88 af 9. juni 1988, nr. 3696/88 af 18. november 1988, nr. 1656/89 af 29. maj 1989 og nr. 3393/89 af la oktober 1989 om midlertidig suspension af de autonome satser i den fælles toldtarif for en række industrivarer skal fortolkes således, at beskrivelsen af en vare, som henhører under pos. 85.21 D Π og senere under pos. 8542 11 99, og som betegnes som en analog/digital konverter, der er indkapslet i en ramme, hvisydre dimensioner ikke overstiger 10 χ 18 mm, også omfatter konvertere, som er indkapslet i en rund ramme, hvis diameter ikke overstiger 10 mm.*
(Article 181 of the EEC Treaty —Arbitration clause — Extension of the European Parliament in BrusseL· — Unilateral termination by the European Parliament of the contract for services Claim for damages by the contractor) (Third Chamber) construction of buildings as part of the extension of the Parliament in Brussels.
Generaladvokat G. Tesauro fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet fTredje Afdeling')') den 4. maj 1995.
By application lodged on 1 February 1994, the Netherlands company Heidemij Advies BV brought an action against the European Parliament for damages for unilateral termination of a contract for services.
Han foreslog Domstolen at besvare det forelagte spørgsmål således:
In 1990, after an invitation to tender issued by the Parliament, Heidemij was given responsibility for, inter alia, supervising and inspecting the
85.21 D II i den fælles toldtarif og siden 1988 under pos. 8542 11 99 i den kombinerede nomenklatur - hvilke suspensioner er fastsat ved Rådets forordninger (EØF) nr. 3841/86 af 8. december 1986, nr. 1828/87 af 15. juni 1987, nr. 3747/87 af 8. december 1987, nr. 1779/88 af 9. juni 1988, nr. 3696/88 af 18. november 1988, nr. 1656/89 af 29. maj 1989 og nr. 3393/89 af 16. oktober 1989 - skal fortolkes således, at de heri indeholdte
Since the parties were unable to agree on a new method of remuneration, the Parliament, by letter sent to Heidemij on 21 January 1993, terminated its contract with effect from 1 July 1993 pursuant to the fifth paragraph of clause 4 and stated that a new invitation to tender would be issued for the remaining work.
Sag C-42/94 Heidemij Advies BV / Europa-Parlamentet Regler for institutionerne
By letters of 28 June and 1 July 1993, Heidemij demanded payment from the Parliament of a sum in compensation for lost earnings allegedly suffered by reason of the premature termination of the contract.
•EØF-traktatens artikel 181 — voldgiftsbestemmelse — udvidelse af Europa-Parlamentet i Bruxelles — Europa-Parlamentets ensidige opsigelse af entreprisekontrakten — entreprenørens erstatningskrav* (Tredje Afdeling)
It follows from the foregoing that under Article 1794 of the Belgian Civil Code Heidemij is entitled to damages for the termination of the contract.
Ved stævning indleveret den 1. februar 1994 har det nederlandske selskab Heidemij Advies BV anlagt sag med påstand om, at Europa-Parlamentet dømmes til at betale erstatning for ensidig opsigelse af en entreprisekontrakt.
Heidemij relies on Article 1794 of the Belgian Civil Code, which gives the contractor a right to damages in the event of unilateral termination of the contract by the contract awarder.
Heidemij har påberåbt sig den belgiske code civil's artikel 1794, som giver entreprenøren ret til at blive holdt skadesløs, såfremt kontrakten ensidigt opsiges af værksherren. herren.
The Parliament submits that Heidemij has no right to damages since the fifth paragraph of clause 4 of the contract excludes application of Article 1794 of the Belgian Civil Code.
Parlamentet har anført, at Heidemij ikke har ret til erstatning, fordi kontraktens artikel 4, stk. 5, udelukker anvendelse af artikel 1794 i den belgiske code civil.
Contrary to Heidemij's argument, the cost of the works still to be carried out cannot be calculated on the basis of an evaluation which it has put forward with a view to entering into a new contract, but solely on the basis of the remuneration which it could have claimed had the terminated contract been performed for its full term.
I 1990 fik Heidemij, efter at Parlamentet havde udbudt arbejdet i licitation, bl.a. overdraget opfølgning og kontrol med opførelsen af bygninger som led i Parlamentets udvidelse i Bruxelles.
It is common ground that the agreement of 27 July 1990 falls within the scope of Article 1794 of the Belgian Civil Code and that the parties may derogate from that provision since it is not one concerning a matter of public interest.
Det står fast, at aftalen af 27. juli 1990 omfattes af den belgiske code civil's artikel 1794, og at parterne, da denne bestemmelse ikke er præceptiv, kan fravige den.
Under the agreement of 27 July 1990, Heidemij was entitled only to an annual fixed payment of ECU 71 600, any additional payment requiring the consent of the other contracting party.
Da parterne ikke nåede til enighed om nye betalingsbetingelser, opsagde Parlamentet ved skrivelse af 21. januar 1993 til Heidemij kontrakten i henhold til dennes artikel 4, stk. 5, med virkning fra 1. juli 1993 og præciserede, at et nyt udbud ville blive foretaget med henblik på opgavens fortsatte udførelse.
According to the Court of Justice, the fifth paragraph of clause 4 of the contract cannot, however, be construed as derogating expressly or by implication from Article 1794 of the Belgian Civil Code with regard to the contractor's right to damages.
Imidlertid kan kontraktens artikel 4, stk. 5, ikke fortolkes således, at den udtrykkeligt eller stiltiende fraviger den belgiske code civil's artikel 1794, for så vidt angår entreprenørens ret til erstatning.
The main amount of damages to which Heidemij is entitled is consequently 10% of the sum which it would have received by way of the annual fixed payment between 1 July 1993 and 1 June 1996 (ECU 208 833.33), namely ECU 20 883.33.
Denne artikels bestemmelser fastlægger nemlig Mot de nærmere regler for anticiperet opsigelse af kontrakten fra værksherrens side uden at omtale entreprenørens ret til erstatning.
Orders the defendant to pay the applicant the sum of ECU 20 883.33 together with default interest at the rate of 8% as from 15 September 1993;
Dette krav blev afslået af Parlamentet den 15. juli 1993.
He considered that the Parliament should be ordered:
Ifølge artikel 3, stk. 1, tredje led i aftalen af 27. juli 1990 havde Heidemij kun ret til et årligt grundbeløb på 71600 ECU, idet enhver yderligere ydelse var betinget af værksherrens samtykke.
(2) to pay the costs pursuant to the first paragraph of Article 69(2) of the Rules of Procedure.'
Sagsøgte betaler sagsøgerne 20 883,33 ECU med morarenter på 8% fra den 15. september 1993.
Case C-119/94P Dimitrios Coussios ν Commission of the European Communities Officials
Sagsøgte betaler sagens omkostninger.*
(Appeal — Official — Failure to give reasons for a decision rejecting an application Award of compensation — Waiver of rights under the Staff Regulations (Third Chamber)
Generaladvokat P. Léger fremsatte forslap til afgørelse i retsmødet (Tredje Afdeling) den 2. maj 1995.
Case C-40/93 Commission of the European Communities ν Italian Republic Freedom of movement for persons
Sag C-119/94 Ρ Dimitrios Coussios / Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber Personalesag
By application lodged at the Court Registry on 9 February 1993, the Commission of the European Communities brought an action for a declaration that, by deferring, by Law No 471 of 31 October 1988, until 1984/1985, with regard to diplomas in medicine and surgery, the final date set in Article 19 of Council Directive 78/686/EEC of 25 July 1978, concerning the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of the formal qualifications of practitioners of dentistry, including measures to facilitate the effective exercise of the right of the establishment and
»Appel — tjenestemand — ingen begrundelse af afslag pä ansøgning — tilkendelse af godtgørelse — afkald på vedtægtsmæssige rettigheder* (Tredje Afdeling)
directive, the period for the implementation of the two directives expired eighteen months after their notification, that is to say on 28 January 1980. However, in Italy's case, that period expired only six years after notification of the directives, on 28 July 1984.
Sag C-40/93 Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber / Den Italienske Republik Fri bevægelighed for personer
However, in its view, the Law is not contrary to the coordination and recognition directives since those practitioners may in fact exercise their profession only in Italy and since it does not prevent recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in dentistry obtained in other Member States.
»Traktatbrud - direktiverne (Femte Afdeling)
The directives in question provide that, in order to be entitled to exercise his activities, the dental practitioner must possess one of the formal qualifications referred to in Article 2 of the recognition directive.
Den 31. oktober 1988 vedtog Den Italienske Republik lov nr. 471, hvis eneste artikel er affattet således:
Article 1(4) of the coordination directive applies only to recognition of diplomas, certificates or other evidence of formal qualifications obtained in a non-member State.
»Medicinske og kirurgiske kandidater, der har været indskrevet på det medicinske og kirurgiske studium i de akademiske år 1980-1981, 1981-1982,1982-1983,1983-1984 og 1984-1985, og har opnået ret til at praktisere, har ret til at søge optagelse i tandlægeregistret med henblik på at udøve den i artikel 2 i lov nr. 409 af 24. juli 1985 omhandlede virksomhed.
As regards the other provisions, it must be borne in mind that it is settled in case-law that any derogation from rules intended to guarantee the effectiveness of rights recognized by the Treaty must be interpreted strictly.
Muligheden for at gøre brug af denne ret udløber den 31. december 1991.«
Only derogations expressly provided for in the Treaty or in the relevant directives are allowed.
Til støtte for sit sagsanlæg har Kommissionen gjort gældende, at Den Italienske Republik ved at tillade personer med italienske eksamensbeviser, som ikke er i overensstemmelse med de kriterier, der opstilles i artikel 1 i direktivet om samordning, og som heller ikke er begyndt deres lægeuddannelse på universitetsniveau før den dato, som er fastlagt i artikel 19 i direktivet om anerkendelse, at udøve tandlægevirksomhed, har tilsidesat de forpligtelser, der påhviler den i medfør af disse bestemmelser.
In support of its application, the Commission maintains that, by allowing graduates in Italy who are not trained in conformity with the criteria laid down in Article 1 of the coordination directive and who have also not commenced their university medical training before the date laid down by Article 19 of the recognition directive to practise as dental practitioners profession, the Italian Republic has failed to fuifil its obligations under those provisions.
Den omstridte lov har nemlig skabt en kategori af tandlæger — som kun har lov til at praktisere på italiensk område — der ikke modsvares af nogen kategori i de nævnte direktiver.
It claims that the Law in question has thus created a category of dental practitioners — whose members are authorized to practise only on national territory — which does not correspond to any of those envisaged by those directives.
Kommissionen er af den opfattelse, at medlemsstaterne ikke er bemyndigede til at gøre noget sådant.
The Commission considers that the Member Stales are not authorized to create such a category.
I medfør af artikel 24, stk. 1, i direktivet om anerkendelse og artikel 8, stk. 1, i direktivet om samordning udløb fristen for gennemførelsen af de to direktiver atten måneder efter deres meddelelse, dvs. den 28. januar 1980.
Consequently, Member States may not create a category of dental practitioners which does not correspond to any category provided for by the directives in question.
For Italien udløb fristen dog først seks år efter meddelelsen af direktiverne, dvs. den 28. juli 1984.
The Italian Republic accepts that the Law in
Artikel 1, stk. 4, i direktivet om samordning finder imidlertid kun anvendelse på den gensidige anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser, certifikater og andre kvalifikationsbeviser erhvervet i et tredjeland.
under that article and under Article 1 of Council Directive 78/687/EEC of 25 July 1978 concerning the coordination of provisions ¡aid down by law, regulation or administrative action in respect of the activities of dental practitioners.
Kun de fravigelser, der udtrykkeligt er fastsat i traktaten eller i de relevante direktiver, er tilladte.
Advocate General Léger delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Fifth Chamber on 30 March 1995.
Følgelig tilkommer det ikke medlemsstaterne at skabe en kategori af tandlæger, som ikke svarer til nogen kategori i de omhandlede direktiver.
He proposed that the Court should: declare that, by postponing, by Law No 471 of 31 October 1988, in respect of diplomas in medicine and surgery until 1994-1995 the deadline laid down in Article 19 of Council Directive 78/686/EEC concerning the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications of practitioners of dentistry, including measures to facilitate the effective exercise of the right of establishment and freedom to provide services, the Italian Republic has failed to fulfil its obligations under Article 19 of Council Directive 78/686/EEC, Article 1 of Council Directive 78/687/EEC on the coordination of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in respect of the activities of dental practitioners and Article 189 of the EEC Treaty;
Der gøres alene tre undtagelser
- order the Italian Republic to pay the costs'.
Generaladvokat P. Léger fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Femte Afdeling) den 30. marts 1995.
Council Regulation (EEC) No 1101/89, the interpretation of Article 6(4) of the Commission Regulation and, finally, the validity of Letter No 56765 of 29 June 1990 addressed by the Commission to the Kingdom of the Netherlands determining the applications for scrapping premiums which may be accepted by the Funds.