natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
') Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 1612/68 af 15. oktober 1968 om arbejdskraftens fri bevægelighed inden for Fæl­lesskabet (EFT 1968 II, s. 467).
Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 of the Council of 15 October 1968 on freedom of movement for workers with­in the Community (Official Journal, English Special Edition 1968 (II), p. 475).
Ansættelse i den offentlige forvaltning
Employment in the public service
Når EØF­traktatens artikel 48, stk. 4, fastslår, at 'bestemmelserne i denne artikel ikke [gælder] for ansættelser i den offentlige administration', kommer anvendelses­området for samme artikels tre første stykker via denne bestemmelse ikke til at om­fatte en række stillinger, der innebærer den direkte eller indirekte deltagelse i udøvel­sen af offentlig myndighed og i de funktioner, som skal sikre statens eller de andre of­fentlige kollektive enheders almene interesser.
By providing that "the provisions of this article shall not apply to employment in the public service" Article 48 (4) of the EEC Treaty removes from the ambit of Arti­cle 48 (1) to (3) a series of posts which involve direct or indirect participation in the ex­erdse of powers conferred by public law and duties designed to safeguard the general interests of the State or of other public authorities.
Sådanne stillinger forudsætter nem­lig, at indehaverne føler en særlig solidaritet med staten, og at der består gensidige ret­tigheder og pligter, som er grundlaget for nationalitetsbåndet.
Such posts in fact presume on the part of those occupying them the existence of a spedai relationship of allegiance to the State and redprodty of rights and duties which form the foundation of the bond of nationality.
Derimod omfatter undtagelsen i artikel 48, stk. 4, ikke stillinger, som uanset deres placering under staten eller andre offentlige organer dog ikke indebærer deltagelse i opgaver, der henhører under den egentlige administration.
On the other hand, the exception contained in Article 48 (4) does not apply to posts which, whilst coming under the State or other organizations governed by public law, still do not involve any assodation with duties belonging to the public service properly so called.
Ganske vist tager denne bestemmelse hensyn til medlemsstaternes legitime in­teresse i at forbeholde deres egne statsborgere en række stillinger, der har forbindelse med udøvelsen af offentlig myndighed og varetagelsen af almene interesser, men det må samtidig undgås, at nyttevirkningen og rækkevidden af traktatens bestemmelser om arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed og om ligebehandling af alle medlemsstaternes statsborgere begrænses af fortolkninger af begrebet offentlig administration, der alene sker på grundlag af national ret, og som ville hindre anvendelsen af fællesskabs­reglerne.
Whilst it is true that that provision takes account of the legitimate interest which the Member States have in reserving to their own nation­als the range of posts connected with the exerdse of powers conferred by public law and with the protection of general interests, at the same time it is necessary to ensure that the effectiveness and scope of the provisions of the Treaty on freedom of move­ment of workers and equality of treatment of nationals of all Member States shall not be restricted by interpretations of the concept of public service which are based on do­mestic law alone and which would obstruct the application of Community rules.
Uanset at sådanne bestemmelser ville kunne skabe forskels­behandling, vil en fortolkning af artikel 48, stk. 4, hvorefter de andre medlemsstaters statsborgere udelukkes fra samtlige stillinger i den offentlige administration, ikke kunne tiltrædes, eftersom den indebærer en begrænsning af disse statsborgeres rettig­heder, som går ud over, hvad der er nødvendigt for at sikre respekten for de mål, der forfølges af denne bestemmelse.
Even if it is accepted that such rules might create discrimination, an interpretation of Article 48 (4) which has the effect of debarring the nationals of other Member States from the totality of posts in the public service is not permissible since it involves a restriction on the rights of such nationals which goes further than is necessary to ensure observance of the ob­jectives ofthat provision.
Alment (anvendelsesområde — gennemførelse — direkte virkning ligebehandling)
General (scope, implementation, direct effect, equality of treatment) 1.
Alment (anvendelsesområde — gennemførelse direkte virkning — ligebehandling)
General (scope, implementation, direct effect, equality of treatment)
1. »...under hensyntagen til de faglige regler, der er begrundet i almindelige sam­fundshensyn, hører [etableringsfriheden] til traktatens formål.
"... freedom of establishment, subject to observance of professional rules justified by the general good, is one of the objectives of the Treaty.
For så vidt som fællesskabsretten selv ikke indeholder bestemmelser herom, kan disse mål gennemføres ved foranstaltninger, som træffes af medlemsstaterne [i medfør af traktatens artikel 5]...
In so far as Community law makes no spedai provision, these objectives may be at­tained by measures enacted by the Member States ... under Article 5 of the Trea­ty....
Når den i artikel 52 forskrevne etableringsfrihed derfor kan sikres i en medlemsstat enten i medfør af gældende love eller administrativt fastsatte bestemmelser eller i medfør af forvaltningens eller faglige sammenslutningers praksis, kan en person, der omfattes af fællesskabsretten, derfor ikke hindres i faktisk at udnytte denne frihed, alene fordi de i traktatens artikel 52 foreskrevne direktiver endnu ikke er blevet ud­stedt for et givet erhverv.
Consequently, if the freedom of establishment provided for by Article 52 can be en­sured in a Member State either under the provisions of the laws and regulations in force, or by virtue of the practices of the public service or of professional bodies, a person subject to Community law cannot be denied the practical benefit ofthat free­dom solely by virtue of the fact that, for a particular profession, the directives pro­vided for by Article 57 of the Treaty have not yet been adopted.
Da den faktiske udnyttelse af etableringsfriheden således under visse omstændighe­der kan afhænge af national lovgivning eller praksis, påhviler det vedkommende of­fentlige myndigheder — heriblandt de lovligt anerkendte faglige sammenslutninger — at sikre, at dene lovgivning eller praksis ikke anvendes i strid med det mål, som er fastsat i traktatens bestemmelser om etableringsfriheden.«
Since the practical enjoyment of freedom of establishment can thus in certain circum­stances depend upon national practice or legislation, it is incumbent upon the compe­tent public authorities — including legally recognized professional bodies — to en­sure that such practice or legislation is applied in accordance with the objective de­fined by the provisions of the Treaty relating to freedom of establishment."
Jfr. tilsvarende: Dom af 28. juni 1977: sag 11/77, Patrick/Ministre des affaires culturelles, Sml. 1977, s. 1199, 1205 f. (Forslag: Mayras, s. 1207).
See also: Judgment of 28 June 1977, Case 11/77, Patrick ν Minhtre des Affaires Culturelles, [1977] ECR 1199, cf. p. 1205 (Opinion: Mayras, p. 1207).
Med hensyn til sondringen mellem den studiemæssige og den erhversmæssige virk­ning af, at et udenlandsk eksamensbevis anerkendes som ligestillet, tilkommer det... vedkommende nationale myndigheder, under hensyn til fællesskabsrettens krav
With regard to the distinction between the academic effect and the civil effect of the recognition of equivalence of foreign diplomas, it is for the competent national
EØF ­ FRI BEVÆGELIGHED FOR PERSONER OG TJENESTEYDELSER vedrørende etableringsfriheden, at foretage en bedømmelse af de foreliggende fak­tiske omstændigheder, som sætter dem i stand til at afgøre, om en anerkendelse fra et universitet foruden akademisk virkning også kan gælde som fagligt kvalifikations­bevis.
EEC ­ FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND SERVICES authorities, taking account of the requirements of Community law in relation to free­dom of establishment, to make such assessments of the facts as will enable them to judge whether a recognition granted by a university authority can, in addition to its academic effect, constitute valid evidence of a professional qualification.
Den omstændighed, at en national lovgivning kun indeholder hjemmel til lige­stilling i studiemæssigt øjemed, er ikke i sig selv tilstrækkeligt til, at en sådan ligestil­ling ikke kan anerkendes som bevis på tilstrækkelige faglige kvalifikationer.
The fact that national legislation provides for recognition of equivalence only for university purposes does not of itself justify the refusal to recognize such equivalence as evi­dence of a professional qualification.
Dette gælder navnlig, når et eksamensbevis, der er anerkendt i studiemæssigt øjemed, sup­pleres af et fagligt egnethedscertifikat, erhvervet i henhold til etableringslandets lovgiv­ning.
This is particularly so when a diploma recog­nized for university purposes is supplemented by a professional qualifying certificate obtained according to the legislation of the country of establishment.
For at forskelsbehandlingen kan rammes af de nævnte artiklers forbud, er det til­strækkeligt, at den er en følge af en lovgivning, uanset dennes karakter, hvis generelle formål er at regulere udøvelsen af den pågældende virksomhed.
For discrimination to fall under the prohibitions contained in those articles it suffices that such discrimination results from rules of whatever kind which seek to govern col­lectively the carrying on of the business in question.
I så fald er det uden betydning, om forskelsbehandling hidrører fra handlinger fore­taget af det offentlige, eller tværtimod fra handlinger, som kan tilskrives de nationale forsikringsbureauer...«
In that case it is not relevant whether the discrimination originated in measures of a public authority or, on the contrary, in measures'attributable to the national insurers' bureaux..."
Dom af9. juni 1977: sag 90/76, Van Ameyde/UCI, Sml.
Judgment of 9 June 1977, Case 90/76, Van Ameyde ν UCI, [1977] ECR 1091, 1127 (Opinion: Reischl, p. 1129).
Ved at be­stemme, at etableringsfriheden skal være gennemført ved udløbet af overgangsperio­den, foreskriver artikel 52 en præcis forpligtelse til at nå dette resultat, hvis opfyl­delse skal lettes, men ikke være betinget af iværksættelsen af en plan med gradvise foranstaltninger.
In lay­ing down that freedom of establishment was to be attained by the end of the transi­tional period, Article 52 imposed an obligation to attain a predse result, the fulfil­ment of which was to be made easier by, but not made dependent on, the implementa­tion of a programme of progressive measures.
Traktatens artikel 52 udgør efter overgangsperiodens udløb en be­stemmelse, der er direkte anvendelig, uanset at de i traktatens artikler 54, stk. 2, og 57, stk. 1, nævnte direktiver ikke er blevet udstedt på et bestemt område.
Since the end of the transitional period Article 52 has been a directly applicable provision, despite the absence, in a particu­lar sphere, of the directive prescribed by Articles 54 (2) and 57 (1).
Jfr. tilsvarende: Dom af 25. oktober 1979: sag 159/78, Kommissionen/Italien, Sml. 1979, s. 3247, 3264 (Forslag: Warner, s. 3266).
See also: Judgment of 25 October 1979, Case 159/78, Commhsion ν Italy, [1979] ECR 3247, 3264 (Opinion: Warner, p. 3266).
Efter den 1. januar 1973 kan en medlemsstat således ikke gøre den fri etableringsret for en statsborger fra en af de nye medlemsstater afhængig af en særlig tilladelse, så­fremt statsborgeren opfylder de krav, som etableringslandets lovgivning stiller til egne statsborgere.«
Thus a Member State cannot, after 1 January 1973, make the exerdse of the right to free establishment by a national of a new Member State subject to an exceptional au­thorization in so far as he fulfils the conditions laid down by the legislation of the country of establishment for its own nationals."
Imidlertid må det ikke underkendes, at en medlemsstat kan have en legitim interesse i at hindre, at visse af dens statsborgere gennem misbrug af de ved traktaten indrøm­mede muligheder forsøger at unddrage sig betingelserne i deres egen nationale lovgiv­ning om faglig uddannelse.«
However, it is not possible to disregard the legitimate interest which a Member State may have in preventing certain of its nationals, by means of fadlities created under the Treaty, from attempting wrongly to evade the application of their national legisla­tion as regards training for a trade."
Dom af 7. februar 1979: sag 115/78, Knoors/'Økonomiministeriet, Sml. 1979, s. 399, 410 (Forslag: Reischl, s. 413).
Judgment of 7 February 1979, Case 115/78, Knoors ν Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, [1979] ECR 399, 410 (Opinion: Reischl, p. 413).
8. »Artikel 52, der har direkte virkning, og som ved overgangsperiodens udløb skal sikre national behandling, angår kun — og kan kun angå — statsborgerne fra de andre medlemsstater i den enkelte medlemsstat, idet værtslandets borgere pr. defini­tion allerede er omfattet af de nævnte regler.
"In so far as it is intended to ensure, within the transitional period, with direct ef­fect, the benefit of national treatment, Article 52 concerns only — and can concern only — in each Member State the nationals of other Member States, those of the host Member State coming already, by definition, under the rules in question.
Det følger imidlertid af traktatens artikler 54 og 57, at etableringsfriheden ikke fuldt ud er sikret ved anvendelsen af reglen om national behandling, idet denne anvendelse opretholder alle andre hindringer end dem, der følger af forskellen i de betingelser, som erhvervelsen af en relevant faglig uddannelse er underkastet i de forskellige na­tionale lovgivninger.
However, it may be seen from the provisions of Articles 54 and 57 of the Treaty that freedom of establishment is not completely ensured by the mere application of the rule of national treatment, as such application retains all obstacles other than those resulting from the non-possession of the nationality of the host State and, in particu­lar, those resulting from the disparity of the conditions laid down by the different na­tional laws for the acquisition of an appropriate professional qualification.
EØF ­ FRI BEVÆGELIGHED FOR PERSONER OG TJENESTEYDELSER udstede direktiver om gensidig anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser, certifikater og andre kvalifikationsbeviser.
EEC ­ FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND SERVICES
Det følger af den almindelige opbygning — både af de almindelige planer af 18. de­cember 1961, som blev vedtaget til gennemførelse af traktatens artikler 54 og 63 (EFT anden serie IX, s. 3 og 7), og af de til gennemførelse af de nævnte planer udstedte di­rektiver — at den af foranstaltningerne til liberalisering på områderne for etablering og tjenesteydelser omfattede personkreds uden undtagelse skal fastlægges, således at der ikke sondres efter de pågældendes nationalitet.
It follows from the general structure both of the General Programmes of 18 December 1961, drawn up in implementation of Articles 54 and 63 of the Treaty (Offidal Jour­nal, English Special Edition, Second Series, IX, pp. 3 and 7), and of the directives issued in implementation of those programmes, that the field of application, ratione personae, of the measures for securing freedom of establishment and freedom to pro­vide services is to be determined on each occasion without distinction based on the nationality of those concerned.
Denne opfattelse er, navnlig for så vidt som den tager sigte på retsvirkningerne af den gensidige anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser, certifikater og andre kvalifikationsbevi­ser, i overensstemmelse med den almindelige regel i traktatens artikel 7, hvorefter al forskelsbehandling, der udøves på grundlag af nationalitet, er forbudt inden for trak­tatens anvendelsesområde.«
This idea, in particular to the extent to which it relates to the effects of mutual recogni­tion of diplomas, certificates and other qualifications, is in conformity with the gener­al rule set out in Article 7 of the Treaty according to which, within the scope of appli­cation of the Treaty, any discrimination on grounds of nationality is prohibited."
Dom af 7. februar 1979: sag 136/78, Anklagemyndigheden/Auer, Sml. 1979, s. 437, 449 (Forslag: Warner, s. 452).
Judgment of 7 February 1979, Case 136/78, Ministère Public ν Auer, [1979] ECR 437, 449 (Opinion: Warner, p.452).
De enkelte erhverv
The various activities
Dom af 9. juni 1977: sag 90/76, Van Ameyde/UCI. Sml.
Judgment of 9 June 1977, Case 90/76, Van Ameyde ν UCI, [1977] ECR 1091, cf. p.
1977, s. 1091, jfr. s. 1125 (Forslag: Reischl, s. 1127).
1127 (Opinion: Reischl, p. 1129).
Rådets direktiv 72/166/EØF af 24. april 1972 om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes lovgivning om ansvarsforsikring for motorkøretøjer og kontrol med forsikringspligtens overholdes (EFT 1972 II, s. 345).
Council Directive No 72/166/EEC of 24 April 1972 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, and to the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability (Official Journal, English Special Edition 1972 (II), p. 360).
EØF ­ FRI BEVÆGELIGHED FOR PERSONER OG TJENESTEYDELSER håndværk, indtil betingelserne for adgang til de pågældende erhverv er harmoniseret i de forskellige medlemsstater, hvilket er den uomgængelige betingelse for en fuld­stændig liberalisering på området.
"Directive No 64/427 ' is intended to facilitate the realization of freedom of estab­lishment and of freedom to provide services in a large group of trade activities relat­ing to industry and small craft industries, pending the harmonization of the condi­tions for access to the trades in question in the various Member States, which is an in­dispensable precondition for complete freedom in this sphere.
... begrebet 'de begunstigede' i bestemmelserne i direktiv 64/427 hviler på en vid op­fattelse, således at alle medlemsstaternes statsborgere skal kunne drage fordel af di­rektivets liberaliseringsforanstaltninger, så snart de objektivt henhører under et af de i direktivet omhandlede tilfælde, uden at der kan indføres en forskælsbehandling efter deres bopæl eller nationalitet.
... [it] is based on a broad definition of the 'beneficiaries' of its provisions, in the sense that the nationals of all Member States must be able to avail themselves of the liberal­izing measures which it lays down, provided that they come objectively within one of the situations provided for by the directive, and no differentiation of treatment on the basis of their residence or nationality is permitted.
Direktivets bestemmelser kan således påberåbes af alle medlemsstaternes statsborge­re, som opfylder de af direktivet fastsatte betingelser for dets anvendelse, og også over for den stat, hvori de er statsborgere.«
Thus the provisions of the directive may be relied upon by the nationals of all the Member States who are in the situations which the directive defines for its applica­tion, even in respect of the State whose nationality they possess."
Dom af 7. februar 1979: sag 136/78, Anklagemyndigheden/'Auer, Sml. 1979, s.437, 451 f. (Forslag: Warner, s. 452).
Judgment of 7 February 1979, Case 136/78, Ministère Public ν Auer, [1979] ECR 437, 451 (Opinion: Warner, p. 452).
En national bestemmelse, hvorefter autorisationen som toldklarerer kun meddeles statsborgere i andre medlemsstater, såfremt der på området foreligger gensidighed, strider mod traktatens artikel 52.
A provision of national law in accordance with which the licence to practise as a customs agent is granted only to nationals of foreign States concluding reciprocal agreements in this field is incompatible with Article 52 of the Treaty.
Fri erlæggelse af tjenesteydelser
Freedom to provide services
Β — 4.3.1, nr. 2 og 4 Β­25.6.1, nr.2
Β — 4.3.1, Nos 2 and 4 Β ­ 25.6.1, No 2
Ydelser, der består i, at en bank udfører ordrer vedrørende børsforretninger og i forbindelse med åbning af en kredit fører forretninger i kontokurant, er tjeneste­ydelser i den i EØF­traktatens artikel 60, stk. 1 forudsatte betydning.
Services which consist in a bank having orders carried out on a stock exchange and in current account transactions in conjunction with the opening of a credit con­stitute services within the meaning of the first paragraph of Article 60 of the Treaty.
Sådanne ydelser opfylder betingelserne efter EØF­traktatens artikel 59, stk. 1, hvorefter bestemmelserne om liberalisering af udvekslingen af tjenesteydelser også omfatter statsborgere, 'der er bosat i et andet af Fællesskabets lande end modtageren af den pågældende ydelse', når ydelsesmodtageren har flyttet sin bopæl til en anden medlemsstat, inden kontraktforholdet mellem parterne er blevet bragt til ophør.
Such services meet the requirement of the first paragraph of Article 59 that liberali­zation measures must benefit all persons providing services "who are established in a State of the Community other than that of the person for whom the services are in­tended", when the person in receipt of the services has, before the termination of the contractual relations between the parties, taken up residence in another Member State.
Denne bestemmelse fastsætter gennemførelsen af den fri udveksling af tjenesteydel­ser til overgangsperiodens udløb, og indeholder således, når den fortolkes på bag­grund af traktatens artikel 8, stk. 7, en præcis forpligtelse til at nå et resultat, hvis gennemførelse skulle lettes, men ikke være afhængig af, at der blev iværksat et pro­gram bestående af gradvise foranstaltninger.
In laying down that freedom to provide services shall be attained by the end of the transitional period, that provision, interpreted in the light of Article 8 (7) of the Treaty, imposes an obligation to attain a predse result, the fulfilment of which had to be made easier by, but not made dependent on, the implementation of a pro­gramme of progressive measures.
Det følger derfor heraf, at påbudene i traktatens artikel 59, som gradvis skulle efter­kommes i løbet af overgangsperioden ved hjælp af de i artikel 63 nævnte direktiver, er blevet umiddelbart og ubetinget anvendelige ved denne periodes udløb.
It follows that the essential requirements of Article 59 of the Treaty, which was to be implemented progressively during the transitional period by means of the direc­
EØF ­ FRI BEVÆGELIGHED FOR PERSONER OG TJENESTEYDELSER at han er etableret i en anden medlemsstat end den, hvori tjenesteydelsen skal udfø­res, skal afskaffes.«
EEC ­ FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND SERVICES tives referred to in Article 63, became directly and unconditionally applicable on the expiry ofthat period.
Jfr. tilsvarende: Dom af 18. marts 1980: sag 52/79, Anklagemyndigheden/Debauve. Sml. 1980, s. 833, 856 (Forslag: Warner, s. 860).
Judgment of 18 January 1979, Joined Cases 110 and 111/78, Minutère Public ν Van Wesemael, [1979] ECR 35, 52 (Opinion: Warner, p. 56).
Når udøvelsen af den pågældende engageringsvirksomhed [dvs. engagering af op­trædende kunstnere] i den medlemsstat, hvor tjenesteydelsen udføres, er betinget af en bevilling samt af de kompetente myndigheders kontrol, kan denne stat imidlertid, hvis den ikke vil overtræde påbudene i traktatens artikel 59, alene kræve, at tjene­steydere, der er etableret i en anden medlemsstat, enten skal opfylde sådanne betin­gelser eller benytte sg af en bevillingsindehaver, såfremt et sådant krav er objektivt nødvendigt for at garantere, at de faglige regler overholdes, eller for at sikre den nævnte beskyttelse.
However, when the pursuit of the employment agency activity at issue [fee­charging employment agendes for entertainers] is made subject in the State in which the service is provided to the issue of a licence and to supervision by the competent au­thorities, that State may not, without failing to fulfil the essential requirements of Ar­ticle 59 of the Treaty, impose on the persons providing the service who are estab­lished in another Member State any obligation either to satisfy such requirements or to act through the holder of a licence, except where such requirement is objectively justified by the need to ensure observance of the professional rules of conduct and to ensure the said protection.