natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hidtil har samarbejdet navnlig været koncentreret i Copernicus (Specific Programme for Cooperation with CECs and NIS — særprogram for samarbejde med de central- og østeuropæiske lande og de nye uafhængige stater) og derfor er deltagelsen i det fjerde rammeprogram forholdsvis lav.
The need for investments in infrastructure and installations will, however, remain very considerable in the foreseeable future.
Statistikkerne i denne sektor er endnu ikke forenelige med normerne i OECD.
Services partially liberalized are mobile communications, paging and data transmission by satellite.
I Fællesskabet sigter forskning og teknologisk udvikling, som fastsat i EF-traktaten og i ramme programmet, på at fremme den europæiske industris konkurrenceevne, øge livskvaliteten samt fremme bæredygtig udvikling, miljøbeskyttelse og andre fællesskabspolitikker.
However, their impact is limited by the difficulty of obtaining commercially viable interconnection agreements with Lattclekom. Based on progress to date there is serious doubt that Latvia has the administrative capacity to achieve its target of liberalizing telecommunications by 2003.
Forskningssystemet har været udsat for store ændringer, men samtidig er den lettiske forskning blevet alvorligt hæmmet af mangel på ressourcer i forbindelse med de generelle økonomiske problemer. Letland har imidlertid en række stærke forskningsgrene.
The government has partly privatized the state owned operating company, but liberalization in the market for the provision of basic telephone services remains insufficient as long as the agreement on exclusive rights for Lattelekom continues.
Gennem deres deltagelse i Den Euro pæiske Unions forskningsaktiviteter har lettiske forskere dokumenteret deres evne til at yde et internationalt bidrag.
Value added services are also liberalized but operators are obliged by law to use the Lattelekom infrastructure.
Letland har erklæret, at det er interesseret i fuld associering med det femte rammeprogram. meprogram.
Nevertheless, there are some 30 Internet service providers on the market. Private operators can offer CATV.
Forsknings- og teknologipolitikken formuleres på grundlag af henstillinger fra Undervisnings- og Forskningsministeriet, Økonomiministeriet og det lettiske forskningsråd, som siden det blev etableret i 1990 har spillet en vigtig rolle som halvstatslig beslutningstagende institution.
Before regaining independence, Latvia's telecommunications network, consisting largely of obsolete equipment, was managed as a part of the network of the USSR.
Det kontrollerer omkring 80 % af forskningsbudgettet, hvoraf 55 % afsættes til ordningen for støtte til særlige projekter.
Lattelekom had expanded the telephone penetration rate to 29.7 per 100 inhabitants by the end of 1996, but the average growth over the past five years has been very slow.
Det videnskabelige akademi er blevet en autonom juridisk person, der fungerer som et honorært og rådgivende organ på højt niveau.
An ambitious modernization programme has resulted in 14 % of lines being digitized in 1995, although the commit ment made by TILTS of contributing to 100 % digitization of the network within eight years may no longer be feasible, as the revenue of Lattelekom is too low to finance investments.
Letlands forskningsmiljø har allerede taget væsentlige skridt hen imod integrering af landets forskningssystem med det vesteuropæiske system, og reformprocessen fortsætter.
At current PPP per capita, revenue per telephone line (about ECU 128 in 1995) cannot be increased enough to finance additional investment.
Reforminitiativerne, der tager sigte på at modernisere og rationalisere forskningssystemet, må fortsat støttes af de lettiske myndigheder.
Tariff reform has been delayed by the State consumer protection body in the interests of maintaining affordability of local service.
Bortset fra nogle få små forskningscentre til hørende private erhvervsvirksomheder findes der ingen private forskningsinstitutioner.
The penetration for mobile telephones is 0.7/100 inhabitants, which is third among the applicant countries.
Det samlede personale faldt fra 30 000 i 1990 til 5 200 i 1994.
ISDN services are not yet offered to business customers.
Letlands nationale forsknings-og teknologipolitik er rettet mod to generelle mål: at integrere det nationale forskningspotentiale med højere uddannelse ved at gennemføre generelle og sektorbestemte integrationsplaner og -aftaler; og at omdirigere det lettiske forskningspotentiale mod nationale priori
The current law (1993 law on telecommunications) allows for the liberal ization of some added value services and also for the privatization of Lattelekom, which became a limited company in 1994 which is 51 % State owned and 49 % under foreign ownership (TILTS consortium with the participation of western Euro pean operators).
Målsætningerne for EU's telekommunikationspolitik er at afskaffe hindringerne for, at enhedsmarkedet for teleudstyr, -tjenester og -net kan fungere effektivt, at åbne tredjelandes markeder for virk-
The main State telecommunications equipment company (VEF) faces difficulties because of the obsolescence of its technologies and production techniques.
Tilnærmelse til
Descriptive summary
EU-lovgivningen somheder fra EU og at sikre, at privatpersoner og virksomheder overalt i EU har adgang til moderne teletjenester.
Only limited information is available concerning the situation in this field in Latvia.
Europaaftalen omfatter samarbejde om at forbedre standarder og praksis med henblik på en tilnærmelse til EU-niveauet inden for post- og teletjenester, standardisering, reguleringspolitik og modernisering af infrastruktur.
There is a large number of unsatisfied requests for telephone service — new subscribers have to wait on average six years for their lines — and at today's rate of network expansion, it will still be 20 years before even basic telephone service will be universally available at the present EC levels.
Hvidbogen fokuserer på til nærmelse af lovgivning, net og tjenester, efterfulgt af yderligere tiltag til en gradvis liberalisering af sektoren.
The legal framework for the audiovisual sector is determined by the 1995 radio and television law, the law on the press and other media, and the acts of the national board of radio and television.
Den nuværende lov (lov af 1993 om telekommunikation) omfatter liberalisering af visse tillægstjenester og privatisering af Lattelekom, der siden 1994 har været et aktieselskab, som er 51 % statsejet og 49 % på udenlandske hænder (konsortiet TILTS med deltagelse af vesteuropæiske operatører).
The productivity of the public network operator as judged by the number of employees/1000 lines (9.3) is low compared with the average in the EU (4.9) but high relative to other applicant countries (12.1).
Det ser nu ud til, at disse forpligtelser ikke vil blive over holdt, og aftalen genforhandles i øjeblikket.
Significant investments would be necessary to bring about the modernization required by the economic integration.
Før Letland genvandt sin uafhængighed, fungerede landets telenet som en del af det sovjetiske net, hvilket f.eks. betød, at al udlandstrafik gik gennem Rusland.
The audiovisual sector in Latvia is attempting to re-establish itself after major upheavals in recent years, and is characterized by rapid growth and constant change.
Det lettiske net var fuldt automatisk, men bestod hovedsagelig af elektromekanisk udstyr.
Its ability properly to adhere to the acquis presupposes an upgrading of the capacity of the programme-making industry to meet the important challenges of an adapted regulatory framework.
Ansvaret for fastsættelse af takster er placeret hos rådet for teletakster, der hører under Transportministeriet.
Although full information on Latvian audiovisual legislation is lacking, the analysis to date reveals a number of deficiencies, including questions of freedom of reception, jurisdiction, promotion of European works, and advertising rules.
Mobilkommunikation, personsøgning og datatransmission via satellit er delvist liberaliseret, men virkningen begrænses af, at det er vanskeligt at opnå rentable samtrafikaftaler med Lattelekom.
Latvia will have some difficulty in meeting the acquis communautaire in the medium term because legislative reform is progressing slowly and exist ing commitments concerning exclusive rights for the public operator are a barrier to liberalization.
Set på baggrund af den hidtidige udvikling er det tvivl somt, om Letland har tilstrækkelig administrativ kapacitet til at opfylde målsætningen om at liberalisere telesektoren fuldt ud inden år 2003.
Greater competitiveness for the public operator must be achieved to attract the investment needed to modernize and face up to competition.
Siden 1991 har Letland været hurtig til at tiltrække udenlandske investorer ved at inddrage strategiske partnere i privatiseringen.
A revision of the current legislation in this sector is due to begin in 1997.
Der vil dog fortsat være behov for betydelige investeringer i infrastruktur og anlæg inden for en overskuelig fremtid.
The Latvian Government has stated that this will address all the current deficien-
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
Provided that the necessary legislative amendments are pursued with sufficient urgency and that they are accompanied by the necessary structural adaptation of the industry, Latvia should be able to meet EU requirements in the audiovisual sector in the medium term.
Regeringen har delvis privatiseret det statsejede driftsselskab, men liberaliseringen af markedet for basisteletjenester er ikke tilstrækkelig, før Lattelekoms monopol er ophævet.
The audiovisual acquis aims, in the context of the internal market, for the provision and free move ment of audiovisual services within the EU as well as the promotion of the European programme industry.
Andre tjenester såsom mobilkommunikation (to operatører), personsøgning (fire operatører) og datatransmission er liberaliseret, i hvert fald delvist, men virkningen begrænses af, at det er vanskeligt at opnå rentable samtrafikaftaler med Lattelekom.
The television without frontiers directive, which is applicable to all broadcasters regardless of the modes of transmission (terrestrial, satellite, cable) or their private or public nature, contains this acquis, setting down basic rules concerning transfrontier broadcasting.
Tillægstjenester er også liberaliseret, men udbyderne er forpligtet ved lov til at benytte Lattelekoms infrastruktur.
The main points are: to ensure the free movement of television broadcasts throughout Member States; to promote the production and distribution of European audiovisual works (by laying down a minimum proportion of broadcasting time for European works and those by independent producers); to set basic standards in the field of television advertising; to provide for the protection of minors and to allow for the right of reply.
Ikke desto mindre er der er omkring 30 Internetudbydere på markedet. Private operatører må udbyde kabel-tv.
The Europe Agreement provides for cooperation in the promotion and modernization of the audiovisual industry, and the harmonization of regulatory aspects of audiovisual policy.
Før Letland genvandt sin uafhængighed, fungerede landets telenet, der hovedsagelig bestod af forældet udstyr, som en del af det sovjetiske net.
By the time of Latvia's accession, the third stage of EMU will have commenced.
Ved udgangen af 1996 havde Lattelekom øget dækningsgraden for telefoni til 29,7 pr. 100 indbyggere, men den gennemsnitlige vækst i de sidste fem år har været meget langsom. Et ambitiøst moderniseringsprogram har ført til, at 14 % af nettet var digitalt i 1995, menTILTS-konsortiets forpligtelse til at gennemføre en 100 % digitalisering af nettet inden for otte år kan muligvis ikke overholdes, da Lattelekoms indtægter er for lave til at finansiere investeringer.
This will mark impor tant changes for all Member States, including those that do not participate in the euro area.
Med den nuværende købekraftsparitet pr. capita kan indtægterne pr. telefonlinje (ca. 128 ECU i 1995) ikke hæves tilstrækkeligt til at finansiere yderligere investeringer.
Their economic policies will be a matter of common concern and they will be involved in the coordination of economic policies (national convergence pro-
En takstreform er blevet forsinket af statens forbrugerbeskyltclscsorgan. der har villet fastholde overkommelige priser på lokale tjenester.
The television without frontiers directives is a Stage I measure in the White Paper.
Der er to GSM-net i drift, og der vil snart blive udstedt tilladelse til en tredje GSM-operatør.
the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance.
Der udbydes endnu ikke ISDN-tjenester til erhvervskunder.
In 1995, due to a sharp budget crisis, the yearly amendments to the Law were not respected.
lemsstaterne, at fremme produktionen og distributionen af europæiske audiovisuelle produktioner (gennem bestemmelser om, at et vist minimum af sendetiden skal være forbeholdt europæiske pro duktioner og programmer produceret af uafhængige producenter), at fastsætte grundlæggende normer for tv-reklame samt at sikre beskyttelsen af mindreårige og retten til berigtigelse.
grammes, broad economic guidelines, multilateral surveillance, excessive deficit procedure). They will be required to respect the stability and growth pact, to renounce any direct central bank financing of the public sector deficit and privileged access of public authorities to financial institutions, and to have completed the liberalization of capital move ments.
Den største, statsejede teleudstyrsvirksomhed (VEF) er i vanskeligheder på grund af forældede teknologier og produktionsteknikker.
Monetary policy in Latvia has been effective in reducing inflation but it is still hindered by the relative youth and lack of depth of financial markets.
Europaaftalen omhandler samarbejde om fremme og modernisering af den audiovisuelle industri og harmonisering af lovgivningsmæssige aspekter af den audiovisuelle politik.
A growing Treasury Bill market (with rates falling and maturities lengthening) provides additional support for the higher local currency rating and underpins the ongoing development of still narrow capital markets.
Direktiverne om »fjernsyn uden grænser« er en fase I-foranstaltning i hvidbogen.
In May 1996, 75 % of the total share capital was in private hands, of which 40 % is accounted for by foreign ownership.
Der er lange ventelister for en telefontilslutning — nye abonnenter må vente gennemsnitligt seks år på en tilslutning, og med det nuværende tempo i udvidelsen af nettet vil det vare 20 år, før der overalt er adgang til blot grundlæggende teletjenester på det aktuelle EU-niveau.
The bankruptcy law for banks was approved in 1996 but it is still difficult to enforce. A standard range of indirect instruments are used by the Central Bank but they are not yet fully effective mainly because the money market is still very thin.
Der er kun begrænsede oplysninger til rådighed om situationen i Letland på dette område.
Accession means closer monetary and exchange rate cooperation with the European Union.
Lovgrundlaget for av-sektoren udgøres af loven fra 1995 om radio og tv, loven om presse og andre medier samt den nationale radio- og tv-kommissi-ons bestemmelser.
This will require strengthening structural reforms in the area of monetary and exchange rate policies.
Produktiviteten hos operatøren af det offentlige net, målt i antal ansatte pr. 1 000 linjer (9,3), er lav sammenlignet med gennemsnittet i EU (4,9), men høj i forhold til de øvrige ansøgerlandes gennemsnit (12,1).
Member States not participating in the euro area will be able to conduct an autonomous monetary policy and participate in the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) on a restricted basis.
Der skal betydelige investeringer til for at gennemføre den modernisering, som den økonomi ske integration kræver.
Their central banks have to be independent and have price stability as their primary objective.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
Monetary policy has to be conducted with market-based instruments and has to be 'efficient' in transmitting its impulses to the real economy.
Av-sektoren i Letland forsøger at genetablere sig efter store omvæltninger i de senere år, og den er præget af hurtig vækst og stadig forandring.
Therefore, reforms need to be pursued to tackle factors that hinder the efficiency of monetary policy, such as the lack of competition in the banking sector, the lack of development of financial markets and the problem of bad loans in the banking sector.
Sektorens mulighed for reelt at overholde fællesskabsret ten afhænger af, om programindustriens kapacitet forbedres, således at den kan imødegå de store udfordringer, som en lovgivningsmæssig ramme indebærer.
Finally all Member States shall treat their exchange rate policy as a matter of common interest and be in a position to stabilize their exchange rates in a mechanism yet to be decided.
Det bliver ikke uden problemer for Letland at nå op på EU's lovgivningsniveau på mellemlang sigt, idet lovgivningsreformen skrider langsomt frem, og den gældende aftale om eneret for operatøren af det offentlige net hindrer liberaliseringen.
Since February 1994, the Latvian exchange rate regime has been pegged to the IMF special drawing rights (SDR). It has been used as the linchpin of the monetary policy strategy in the fight against inflation.
Selv om der mangler oplysninger om Letlands avlovgivning, viser undersøgelsen foreløbig en række mangler, herunder vedrørende modtagefrihed, jurisdiktion, fremme af europæiske værker og reklameregler.
While the fulfilment of the convergence criteria is not a precondition for EU membership, they remain key points of refer ence for stability-oriented macroeconomic policies, and must in time be fulfilled by new Member States on a permanent basis.
En revision af den nuværende lovgivning forventes gennemført i 1997. Letlands regering har meddelt, at der i denne forbindelse vil blive taget højde for alle nuværende mangler.
It is premature to judge whether Latvia will be in a position, by the time of its accession, to participate in the euro area; that will depend on the success of its structural transformation permitting it to attain and to adhere permanently to the convergence criteria, which are not, however, a condition of accession. sion.
Formålet med den gældende fællesskabsret ved rørende den audiovisuelle sektor er, som led i det indre marked, at sikre adgangen til og den frie bevægelighed for audiovisuelle tjenester inden for EU samt at fremme den europæiske programindustri.
The independence of the Bank of Latvia from the government is largely guaranteed by the law on the Central Bank.
Hovedformålene er: at sikre den frie bevægelighed for tv-programmer i med-
This is because the provisions of the law on the central bank concerning the limits of the Central Bank budget deficit financing are amended every year by an agreement between
Forudsat at de nødvendige lovgivningsmæssige for anstaltninger indføres tilstrækkelig hurtigt og led sages af den nødvendige strukturtilpasning inden
Latvia's participation in the third stage of EMU as a non-participant in the euro area poses problems in the medium term.
Økonomisk og monetær union kriterierne, selv om det ikke nodvendigvis vil blive krævet ved tiltrædelsen.
The acquis in the area of direct taxation mainly concerns some aspects of corporation taxes and capital duty.
Letlands økonomiske situation og de hidtil opnåede fremskridt er analyseret i tidligere kapitler af denne udtalelse.
The four freedoms of the EC Treaty have a wider impact on national tax systems.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
The current Latvian VAT system was introduced in May 1995 replacing the previous turnover lax.
Letlands Banks uafhængighed af regeringen er i vid udstrækning sikret ved loven om centralbanken.
Certain activities are exempt from VAT without the right to claim the input credit on such supplies.
Dens erklærede mål er at sikre prisstabilitet. Lovens bestemmelser om finansiering af statsbudgettet er ikke i overensstemmelse med kravene i traktaten.
These exemptions relate mainly to activities in the public interest, financial and insurance services, property and lotteries and similar games.
Det skyldes, at centralbanklovens bestemmelser om grænserne for centralbankens finansiering af budgetunderskud ændres hvert år ved en aftale mellem centralbanken og Finansministeriet.
Taxable persons are entitled to deduct VAT incurred on their purchases for business purposes of goods and services.
I 1995 blev de årlige ændringer af loven som følge af en alvorlig budgetkrise ikke overholdt.
However, the Latvian VAT Act does not contain any provisions enabling tax to be refunded to taxable persons not established within the country.
På det tidspunkt, hvor Letland tiltræder, vil ØMU'en være gået ind i tredje fase.
The indirect taxation acquis consists primarily of harmonized legislation in the field of value added tax and excise duties.
Dette vil med føre betydelige ændringer for samtlige medlemsstater, herunder dem, der ikke er medlemmer af euro-området.
This implies an equal tax treatment of domestic and non-domestic (import) transactions.
Alle medlemsstater, også de nye, vil komme til at deltage fuldt ud i Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union.
The VAT acquis also contains transitional arrangements for the taxation of transactions within the European Union between taxable persons.
Deres økonomiske politik vil være et anliggende af fælles interesse, og de vil blive inddraget i samordningen af den økonomiske politik (nationale konvergensprogrammer, overordnede økonomiske retningslinjer, multilateral over vågning, procedure i tilfælde af for stort under skud).
In the field of excise duties the acquis contains harmonized tax structures and minimum rates of duty together with common rules on the holding and movement of harmonized excisable goods (including the use of fiscal warehouses).
De skal overholde stabilitets- og vækstpagten, må ikke direkte lade deres centralbank finansiere offentlige underskud eller give offentlige myndigheder privilegeret adgang til finansieringsinstitutter, og de skal have gennemført liberaliseringen af kapitalbevægelser.
As a result of the introduction of the single market, all fiscal controls at the Community's internal frontiers were abolished in January 1993.
Letlands monetære politik har vist sig at være et effektivt instrument til at reducere inflationen, men den hæmmes stadig af, at de finansielle markeder er forholdsvis unge og mangler dybde.
The mutual assistance between Member State tax authorities is an important feature of administrative cooperation in the internal market: the respective Directive covers both direct and indirect taxation.
Et voksende marked for statsgældsbeviser (med faldende rente satser og voksende løbetid) styrker yderligere den høje kurs på den nationale valuta, samtidig med at det støtter udviklingen af de stadig snævre kapital markeder.
The Europe Agreement contains provisions on approximation of legislation in the area of indirect taxation.
Den lettiske banksektor er gradvis ved at komme sig over krisen i 1995 og er nu i vid udstrækning privatiseret.
The current system of excise duty in Latvia was introduced at the same time as the VAT system.
I maj 1996 var 75% af den samlede aktiekapital på private hænder, og heraf var 40 % udenlandsk ejet.
Excise duties are levied on a wide range of products including products other than those subject to common excise duties within the Community (mineral oils, alcohol and alcoholic beverages and manufactured tobacco).
Konkursloven for banker blev vedtaget i 1996 men er stadig vanskelig at håndhæve.
For each product category, the duty is specific in nature; nevertheless for a few products including certain categories of tobacco, the duty is ad valorem.
Centralbanken anvender den sædvanlige vifte af indirekte instrumenter, men de er stadig ikke fuldt effektive, især fordi pengemarkedet stadig er meget spinkelt.
Tax stamps and special labels are used for tobacco products and alcoholic beverages.