natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Artikel 85, stk. 1, skal fortolkes således, at den også gælder for potentielle konkurrencegrænsende virkninger, fordi formålet med bestemmelsen er at opretholde en effektiv konkurrencestruktur, jf. Traktatens artikel 3, litra f).
In addition, account must be taken not only of the immediate visible effects on an agreement but also of its potential effects and of the fact that an agree ment can create a structure likely to be used for anticompetitive purposes.
På et marked, hvor efterspørgselen er stabil eller faldende som på markedet for landbrugstraktorer i Det Forenede Kongerige, kan prognoser over konkurrentemes fremtidige foranstaltninger i stor udstrækning opstilles på grundlag af tidligere trans aktioner.
In a market where demand is stable or declining as is the case for the agricultural tractor market in the United Kingdom, forecasts of competitors' future actions can largely be determined on the basis of past transactions.
Alle informationscentralens ovenfor beskrevne begrænsende virkninger er afhængige af overvågningen af konkurrenternes hidtidige foran staltninger og salgsresultater.
All the restrictive effects of the Exchange described above depend on the observation of competitors' actions and performance in the past.
Jo mere nøjagtige og akutelle oplysningerne om salgsvolumen og
The more accurate and the more recent the information on quantities sold and on market shares, the more impact this information has on
Oplysninger om fabrikanternes egne forhandleres salg
Data on dealer sales of own company
Informationscentralen giver endvidere de enkelte fabrikanter detaljerede oplysninger om deres egne forhandleres detailsalg.
The Exchange also reveals to each individual manufacturer detailed information about the retail sales of its own dealers.
Dette giver ikke i sig selv anledning til indvendinger, når blot oplysningerne ikke gør det muligt at fastslå, hvor stort konkurren temes salg er og forudsat at de ikke gør det muligt at gribe ind over for forhandleres eller parallelimportørers aktiviteter.
This in itself is not objectionable provided that such information does not permit the identification of sales of competitors and provided that such information does not permit interference with the retail activity of dealers or parallel importers.
Der er en risiko for, at de enkelte konkurrenters salg kan kortlægges, hvor salget er under 10 enheder for en bestemt oversigt opdelt efter område, vare eller tidsrum.
As to the possibility of identifying sales of individual competitors, this risk exists where, in respect of geographic areas, product breakdowns or time periods, the number of industry sales amounts to less than 10 tractor units sold for any such specific breakdown by territory, product or time period.
I sådanne tilfælde kan en sammenligning mellem branchens salg og selskabets eget salg enten direkte eller ved udledning medføre, at størrelsen af de enkelte konkur renters eller deres forhandleres salg lettere kan fastslås.
In such cases, a comparison between the industry sales and own company sales can facilitate, either directly or by deduction, identification of the exact sales made by individual competitors or dealers of competitors.
For så vidt angår ændringer i markedsandelene skal der for det første gøres opmærksom på, at delta gerne i informationscentralen har haft nogenlunde samme andele af det samlede britiske marked i den tid, informationscentralen har fungeret Der er imidlertid såvel nationalt som lokalt sket svingninger i markedsandelene.
As to the changes in the market shares, it first needs to be pointed out that the overall United Kingdom market shares for the participants in the Exchange have remained relatively stable during the existence of the Exchange. However, fluctuations in market shares have taken place at national and local levels.
I sig sehr udelukker disse svingninger ikke, at der er sket en formindskelse af konkurrencen på det britiske marked som følge af informationscentralens virke.
These variations in themselves do not exclude a lessening of competition on the United Kingdom tractor market as a result of the Exchange.
Den behøver ikke skabe fuldstændig stabilitet på markedet eller udelukke endog skarp konkurrence i visse områder for at være konkurrencebegrænsende.
In order to be restrictive of competition, the Exchange does not need to create an absolute stability of market shares or exclude even fierce competition in certain areas.
I det foreliggende tilfælde skyldes informationscentralens konkurrencebegrænsende virkning som forklaret ovenfor, at det med tilstrækkelig sikkerhed kan siges, at medlemmernes markedsandele og mar kedspositioner ville have været anderledes, hvis informationscentralen ikke havde eksisteret, og sandsynligvis vil være anderledes i fremtiden, hvis informationscentralen ikke fortsætter.
In the present case, the anticompetitive effect of the Exchange lies in the fact that, for the reasons explained above, it can be said with sufficient certainty that the market shares and market positions of the members would have been different in the absence of the Exchange and are likely to be different in the future if the Exchange does not continue.
I praksis er det imidlertid umuligt at bevise, hvilke konkrete forskelle der ville have været tale om.
However, to provide proof of actual differences is impossible in practice.
I denne sag er det den økonomiske baggrund, markedets struktur og arten af de udvekslede oplysninger, der tilsammen fører til den konklusion, at formindsket konkurrence er en uundgåelig følge af informationscentralens virke.
In this case, it is the economic context, the structure of the market and the nature of the information exchanged which all lead to the conclusion that a lessening of competition as a result of the Exchange is inevitable.
Endelig gør parterne gældende, at traktormarkedet er heterogent, og at konkurrencen derfor ikke går på prisen, men på kvaliteten, idet den enkelte fabrikant søger at differentiere sin vare i forhold til konkurrentemes for at vinde kundernes gunst
Finally, the parties submit that the heterogeneous nature of the products concerned creates strong nonprice competition (quality competition) in the tractor market as each manufacturer tries to differentiate its products from those of its competi tors in order to gain the consumers' preference.
Denne overvågning af forhandlernes salg uden for det dem tildelte område giver fabrikanterne mulighed for at lægge pres på forhandlere, der efter fabrikanternes opfattelse lægger for stor vægt på eksporten.
This monitoring of dealers' sales outside their allocated territory allows manufacturers to exercise pressure on dealers engaging in any perceived excessive export activity.
Det ligger i sådanne rapporter, at de kan give anledning til et misbrug, som for det meste ikke kan konstateres efterfølgende (en fabrikant kunne f.eks. nedskære leverancerne til en forhandler, der sælger for mange traktorer på andre forhandleres områder).
It is the very nature of such reports to give rise to misuse which in most cases cannot be controlled a posteriori (a manufacturer could, for instance, reduce supplies to a dealer who sells too many tractors in other dealers' territories).
Der er således stor sandsynlighed for, at import/ eksportanalyserne svækker konkurrencen inden for mærket med det resultat, at forhandlerne kan sætte fortjenstmargenerne højere for både sig selv og for fabrikanterne ;
The import/export analyses are thus highly likely to reduce intrabrand competition with the result that dealers can maintain higher profit margins for both themselves and the manufacturers,
Dette argument overser, at købet af en traktor er en meget stor finansiel investering for landmændene.
This argument neglects the fact that for farmers, the purchase of a tractor represents a very high financial investment.
Ved landmandens endelige valg spiller traktorens pris stadig en vigtig rolle, navnlig fordi de traktorer, der fremstilles af medlemmerne af informationscentralen, hvor forskellige de end er, alle opfylder samme funktioner og er kompatible med alle de andre landbrugsmaskiner, der skal forbindes med traktoren.
Therefore, in the farmer's final choice, the price of the tractor remains an important element, in particular since all tractors of the members of the Exchange, however differentiated thay may be, fulfil the same functions and are compatible with all other agricultural machines to be attached to a tractor.
Driftssikkerhed og mærkeloyalitet er derfor ikke de eneste punkter, en landmand tager hensyn til.
Reliability and brand loyalty are therefore not the only elements taken into account by a farmer.
Den prismæssige konkurrence spiller fortsat en stor rolle på dette marked.
Price competition still plays an important role in this market.
Dette betyder, at fabrikanterne og forhandlerne kan svække den indbyrdes konkurrence ved at undgå priskrige, der ville mindske deres fortjenstmargen.
This means that there is scope for the manufacturers and dealers to lessen the intensity of competition between them by avoiding price fights which would erode their margins.
Ved at øge gennemsigtigheden på et stærkt koncentreret marked og styrke sammenhængen mellem hovedleverandørerne på markedet gennem regelmæssige, hemmelige kontakter er det muligt at opretholde et generelt højt prisniveau på det pågældende marked
By increasing the trans parency in a highly concentrated market and by strengthening the cohesion between the major suppliers in that market through regular and secret contacts, it is possible to maintain a general high price level in the market concerned in spite of price differences between the various products offered on the market.
— indtil september 1988 fik informationscentralens medlemmer også af SIL en kopi af hver enkelt V55-indregistreringsblanket, hvilket
— until September 1988, the members of the Exchange also received from SIL a copy of each V55 registration form which enabled manufacturers to identify parallel imported tractors and to trace the origin of these tractors (see recitals
27 til 30).
(27) to (30)).
De dokumenter, der er nævnt i nr. 30, viser, at de oplysninger, der er udleveret til de enkelte medlemmer, har været anvendt til at standse parallelimport af traktorer fra andre EF-lande til Det Forenede Kongerige.
The documents referred to in recital (30) show that the information made available to each member has been used to stop parallel imports of tractors from other Community countries into the United Kingdom.
Informationscentralen var således et middel til at gøre det lettere at gribe ind over for parallelimport, der lagde et konkurrencemæssigt pres på de britiske forhandlere.
The Exchange was thus a facilitating mechanism for interference with parallel imports which brought about competitive pressure on the United Kingdom dealerships.
(56) konkurrenceprægede forhold, medens ikkemedlemmers traktorimport til det britiske marked vanskeliggøres som følge af det forøgede kendskab til markedet, de britiske storleverandører er i besiddelse af.
All these effects are likely to lead to the result that the prices charged in the United Kingdom for agricultural tractors can be maintained at a supracompetitive level while tractor imports by nonmembers to the United Kingdom market are rendered more difficult as a result of the increased market knowledge in the hands of the major United Kingdom suppliers.
For så vidt angår begrænsningen af parallelimport vedrører denne beslutning kun informationscen tralen i det omfang, den letter forsøg på at gribe ind over for parallelimport Den brug, nogle af informationscentralens medlemmer har gjort af ordningen for i praksis at standse parallelimport ad denne vej, vil blive behandlet i en separat procedure. dure.
As regards the restriction of parallel imports, the present decision only addresses the Exchange in so far as it constitutes a facilitating mechanism for interference with parallel imports. The use made by certain members of the Exchange actually to stop parallel imports through this mechanism will be dealt with in separate proceedings.
B. Retlig vurdering i henhold til artikel 85, stk. 3, af informationscentralen inden anmeldelsen og som anmeldt den 4. januar 1988
B. Legal assessment under Article 85 (3) of the exchange as practised before notification and as notified on 4 January 1988
Påvirkning af samhandelen mellem medlems staterne
Effect on trade between Member
U.K Agricultural Tractor Registration Exchange har eksisteret siden 1975 og blev først anmeldt den 4. januar 1988, efter at eksistensen og arten af den brancheomfattende informationscentral var blevet påvist ved flere undersøgelser.
The UK Agricultural Tractor Registration Exchange has been in existence since 1975 and was only notified on 4 January 1988 after several investigations had revealed the existence and nature of that industry-wide information exchange.
Parterne har således drevet informationscentralen i over tolv år uden at anmelde den til Kommissionen.
The parties have thus operated the Exchange for over 12 years without notification to the Commission.
Parterne kan ikke påberåbe sig artikel 4, stk. 2, første afsnit, i forordning nr. 17 da deres informationscentral også vedrører importen af traktorer til Det Forenede Kongerige.
The parties cannot invoke the benefit of Article 4 (2) (1) of Regulation No 17 because their Exchange relates also to imports of tractors into the United Kingdom.
En informationscentral, der muliggør en detaljeret fastlæggelse af det nøjagtige detailsalg og markeds andelene for leverandører, der repræsenterer 88 % af et nationalt marked, der omfatter alle hovedimportørerne fra andre EF-lande, der hindrer skjult konkurrence på et stærkt koncentreret marked, og som gør adgangen til markedet vanskeligere for ikke-medlemmer, vil kunne påvirke samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne mærkbart, fordi den svækkede konkurrence som følge af informationscentralens virke uundgåeligt påvirker størrelsen af importen til Det Forenede Kongerige.
An exchange of information identifying in great detail the exact retail sales volume and the market shares of 88 % of the suppliers of a national market, which includes all major importers from other Community countries, which prevents hidden competition in a highly concentrated market and which increases the barriers to entry for non-members, is liable to substantially affect trade between Member States because the lessening of competition resulting from this exchange necessarily influences the volume of imports to the United Kingdom.
Eftersom informationscentralen først blev anmeldt i overensstemmelse med artikel 4, stk. 1, i forordning nr. 17 den 4. januar 1988, kan der ikke indrømmes fritagelse i henhold til artikel 85, stk. 3, for perioden forud for anmeldelsen.
Since the Exchange was not notified in accordance with Article 4 (1) of Regulation No 17 until 4 January 1988, it is not eligible for an exemption under Article 85 (3) for the period preceding that notification.
Mønsteret i samhandelen mellem Det Forenede Kongerige og resten af det fælles marked er anderledes, end det ville have været, dersom informationscentralen ikke havde fungeret Informationscentralen er endvidere blevet anvendt og kan i fremtiden anvendes til at hindre parallelimport til Det Forenede Kongerige.
The pattern of trade between the United Kingdom and the rest of the common market will be different from what it would be in the absence of this information exchange.
Det er Kommissionens opfattelse, at de ulemper, der følger af de ovenfor beskrevne begrænsninger af konkurrencen, er af større betydning end disse påståede fordele.
In addition, the Exchange has been and could in future be used to hinder parallel imports to the United Kingdom.
Den mærkbare påvirkning af samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne er så meget desto mere sandsynlig, som udvekslingen af oplysninger ikke blot omfatter to eller tre markedsdeltagere, men er en ordning for næsten hele branchen, der dækker næsten 9/10 af et nationalt marked, som i sig selv er et betydeligt marked inden for EF.
The appreciable effect on trade between Member States is all the more likely to exist as the information exchange is not one between two or three market participants but a quasi industry-wide exchange arrangement covering nearly nine-tenths of a national market which itself is a substantial market within the Community.
På tilsvarende måde gør informationscentralen det lettere at gribe ind over for parallelhandel ikke blot for et par virksomheder, men for næsten alle leverandører på det
In the same way, the information system facilitates interference with parallel trade not just for one or two undertakings but for virtually all suppliers of the United Kingdom market.
Under alle omstændigheder har parterne ikke bevist, at de ikke kunne have opnået de påståede fordele uden at have adgang til oplysninger om hver enkelt fabrikants og forhandlers resultater.
In any event, the parties have not proved the indispensability of information which identifies the performance of individual manufacturers and individual dealers to achieve the alleged benefits.
Det er Kommissionens opfattelse, at disse fordele kan opnås ved hjælp af oplysninger fra fabrikanternes eget selskab og aggregerede tal for branchen.
The Commission takes the view that these benefits can be derived from own company and aggregate industry information.
(61) tat, uden at det er nødvendigt at kende den enkelte solgte traktors nøjagtige bestemmelsessted.
(61) sales achieved by the dealer without identifying the exact destination of each specific tractor sold.
Kommissionen har ingen indvendinger mod udvekslingen af aggregerede oplysninger for branchen for Det Forenede Kongerige som helhed samt opdelt efter MAFF-region, jordens udnyttelse, grevskab, forhandlerområde og endog postnummerområde samt efter hk-gruppe eller kraftoverførselsform, forudsat at rapporterne hele tiden vedrører mindst ti solgte enheder.
The Commission does not object to the exchange of aggregate industry information with geographic breakdowns by United Kingdom, MAFF region, land use, county, dealer territory and even postcode sector and with product breakdowns by horsepower groupings or driveline provided that the reports contain at any time a minimum of 10 tractor units sold for any such report.
Kommissionen har heller intet at indvende mod frigivelsen af oplysninger om et selskabs egne forhold bortset fra visse bestemte rapporter med klar konkurrencebegræn sende virkninger.
The Commission does not object either to the release of own company infor mation except for certain specific reports with clear anticompetitive effects.
Uden at det skal undersøges, om alle fire betingelser i artikel 85, stk. 3, er opfyldt, kan det som konklusion fastslås, at betingelsen om nødven dighed ikke på nogen måde er opfyldt med hensyn til hverken de oplysninger, der bestemmer de enkelte konkurrenters salg, eller oplysningerne om selskabets egne forhandleres salg, der gør det muligt at gribe ind i forhandleres eller parallelimportørers detailsalgsaktiviteter.
In conclusion, without having to examine whether all four conditions of Article 85 (3) are fulfilled, the condition of indispensability is not in any event fulfilled in respect of either the data identifying sales of individual competitors or the date on dealer sales of own company dealers which enables inter ference with the retail activity of dealers or parallel importers.
Den anmeldte informationscentral kan derfor ikke fritages i henhold til Traktatens artikel 85, stk. 3,
Therefore, the notified Exchange cannot benefit from an exemption pursuant to Article 85 (3).
C. Retlig vurdering i henhold til Traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1 og 3, af den ændrede anmeldelse af 12. marts 1990
C. Legal assessment under Article 85 (1) and (3) in respect of the amended notification of 12 March 1990
Ved hjælp af alle disse oplysninger kan de enkelte medlemmer fastslå den generelle markedstendens og udviklingen i efterspørgselen inden for branchen og endvidere udarbejde produktionsprognoser, fastsætte salgsmål for deres forhandlere og opretholde passende lagre af traktorer og reserve dele.
All this information permits each member to identify any overall market trends and changes in demand in the industry and also to forecast production needs, to fix sales targets for their dealers and to maintain adequate stocks of tractors and spare parts.
De giver de enkelte medlemmer mulighed for at bedømme salgsresultaterne for deres varer og forhandlere set på baggrund af branchen som helhed.
It enables each member to judge the performance of its products and its dealers in relation to the industry as a whole.
Argumentationen ovenfor vedrørende artikel 85, stk. 1 og 3, gælder på tilsvarende vis for den ændrede anmeldelse af 12. marts 1990.
The reasoning in Article 85 (1) and (3) developed hereabove applies mutatis mutandis to the amended notification of 12 March 1990.
Denne anden anmeldelse er kun foretaget af fire parter, nemlig Ford, FIAT, John Deere og Renault, selv om Kommissionen har forstået, at de fire øvrige parter i den oprindelige informationscentral uden tvivl vil være villige til at fortsætte samarbejdet med dem, hvis den ændrede anmeldelse kunne godkendes af Kommissionen i henhold til Traktatens artikel 85.
This second notification is made only by four parties, i.e. Ford, Fiat, John Deere and Renault, although the Commission understands that the other four parties to the original Exchange would certainly agree to further collaboration with them if the amended notification was acceptable to the Commission vis-a-vis Article 85.
Den ændrede anmeldelse går imidlertid langt ud over, hvad Kommissionen anser for acceptabelt for det pågældende marked, da der bU. fortsat vil blive udvekslet oplysninger, der kan tjene til at bestemme medlemmernes og forhandlernes salgsvolumen og markedsandele for perioder på en måned, samt oplysninger om chassisnummer og indregistreringstidspunkt for hver enkelt solgt trak tor.
The amended notification, however, goes far beyond what the Commission considers to be acceptable for the market oncerned because it continues, in particular, to provide infor mation identifying sales volumes and market shares of the members and dealers for monthly periods and to give details on the chassis number and date of registration of each tractor sold.
Sidstnævnte oplysninger gør det ligesom Y55/ 5-blanketterne muligt at bestemme oprindelse og bestemmelsessted for alle traktorer.
This latter infor mation, like the V55/5 forms, permits the identification of the origin and destination of all tractors.
Hvis oplysningerne skal anvendes til at kontrollere garanti- eller bonuskrav (som nævnt af parterne), kunne de begrænses til særlige tilfælde og behøvede ikke at foreligge for alle solgte traktorer — udvekslingen af rent statistiske oplysninger, der hverken angiver de enkelte solgte enhder eller de konkurrende fabrikanters markedsandele for perioder på mindre end et år.
Since the oral hearing in this case, three members of the Exchange, i. e. Watveare (for Deutz), Case and Massey-Ferguson have informed the Commission that they can accept and operate with an Exchange which is reduced to a purely statistical exchange not identifying units sold and market shares of competing manufacturers for periods below one year.
Dette tjener kun til at bekræfte Kommissionens konklusion, at tal for fabrikantens eget selskab og aggregerede tal for branchen er tilstrækkelige til at kunne drive virksomhed på markedet for landbrugstraktorer.
This can only confirm the conclusion of the Commission that own company data and aggregate industry data are sufficient to operate in the agricultural tractor market.