natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Bestemmelserne i TRIPS-aftalen vil finde anvendelse på Fællesskabets område fra 1. januar 1996.
The provisions of the TRIPs Agreement will become applicable in the territory of the Community on 1 January 1996.
Ud over at fastsætte generelle bestemmelser og grundlæggende principper for beskyttelsen af intellektuelle ejendomsrettigheder opstiller TRIPS-aftalen normer vedrørende intellektuelle ejendomsrettigheders disponibilitet, dækningsområde og anvendelse, navnlig:
The TRIPs Agreement, in addition to establishing general provisions and basic principles on the protection of intellectual property rights, provides for standards concerning the availability, scope and use of intellectual property rights, notably:
— ophavsrettigheder og dermed beslægtede rettigheder
(i) copyright and related rights;
— varemærker geografiske betegnelser
(iii) geographical indications;
Med hensyn til tjenesteydelser vil de vigtigste bestemmelser i TRIPS-aftalen sandsynligvis være dem, der sikrer beskyttelse og håndhævelse af vare- og tjenestemærker og, i nogen grad, beskyttelse af fortrolige oplysninger.
As far as services are concerned, the most important provisions of the TRIPs Agreement will most probably be those ensuring the protection and enforcement of trade and service marks and, to some extent, the protection of undisclosed information.
Ikke desto mindre vil leveringen af tjenesteydelser også på den ene eller anden måde involvere en eller flere af de ovennævnte intellektuelle ejendomsrettigheder.
Nevertheless, the supply of services will also involve, in one way or another, one or several of the other abovementioned intellectual property rights.
Konsultation Tvistbilæggelse og håndhævelse Rådet for Handel med Tjenesteydelser Fagligt samarbejde Forbindelser med andre internationale organisationer
Consultation Dispute settlement and enforcement Council for Trade in Services Technical cooperation Relationship with other international organizations
Nægtelse af fordele Definitioner Bilag
Denial of benefits Definitions Annexes
Bilag om artikel Il-undtagelser
Annex on Article II exemptions
Bilag om bevægelighed for fysiske personer, der leverer tjenesteydelser i henhold til aftalen
Annex on the movement of natural persons supplying services under the Agreement
Bilag om lufttransportydelser
Annex on air transport services
Mestbegunstigelsesbehandling Gennemsigtighed Afsløring af fortrolige oplysninger Øget deltagelse af udviklingslandene Økonomisk integration Aftaler om integration af arbejdsmar keder National lovgivning Anerkendelse Monopoler og eneleverandører af tje nesteydelser Forretningspraksis Hastende beskyttelsesforanstaltninger Betalinger og overførsler Restriktioner til beskyttelse af beta lingsbalancen Offentlige indkøb Generelle undtagelser Sikkerhedsmæssige undtagelser Subsidier
Most-favoured-nation treatment Transparency Disclosure of confidential information Increasing participation of developing countries Economic integration Labour-market integration agreements Domestic regulation Recognition Monopolies and exclusive servicesuppliers Business practices Emergency safeguard measures Payments and transfers Restrictions to safeguard the balance of payments Government procurement General exceptions Security exceptions Subsidies
Bilag om finansielle tjenesteydelser
Second Annex on financial services
Særlige forpligtelser
Specific commitments
Bilag om forhandlinger om søtransportydelser
Annex on negotiations on maritime transport services
Markedsadgang National behandling Yderligere forpligtelser
Market access National treatment Additional commitments
Bilag om forhandlinger om basistelekommunikation
Annex on negotiations on basic telecommunications
Forpligtelser, der er indgået for kvalitative foranstaltninger vedrørende kvalifikationer, standarder og licensspørgsmål, der ikke forskelsbehandler udlændin geSe Kontrol og ejerforhold.
Additional commitments: commitments made for qualitative measures relating to qualifications, standards and licensing matters, which do not discriminate against foreigners.
Forskellen mellem et lands indtægter og udgifter i dets regnskab over for udlandet; resultatet af eksport og import af varer, tjenesteydelser og statslige transaktioner.
Balance of payments: the difference between the income and expenditure of a country on its external account, resulting from exports and imports of goods, services, and governmental transactions.
Den gradvise afvikling af en foranstaltning over et aftalt tidsrum.
Degressive: the phasing-out of a measure in an agreed period of time.
En selvpålagt særlig forpligtelse (også kaldet »bundet«).
Binding: a self-imposed specific obligation (also termed 'bound').
Tjenesteleverandørers aktiviteter, der kan indskrænke konkurrencen og derved begrænse handelen med tjenesteydelser.
Business practices: activities of servicesuppliers that may restrain competition and thereby restrict trade in services.
Handelsmæssig tilstedeværelse:
This does not apply to monopolies — which are covered by another GATS Article.
Enhver form for erhvervsmæssig eller liberal etablering, herunder filialer og repræsentationskontorer.
Commercial presence: any type of business or professional establishment, including branches and representative offices.
Ved afstemninger i WTO er der konsensus, hvis intet medlem, »der er til stede på det møde, hvor beslutningen træffes, formelt gør indsigelse«.
WTO voting consensus is achieved if no member 'present at the meeting when the decision is taken formally objects'.
En juridisk person »ejes«, hvis en aktiekapitalinteresse er større end 50 %, og »kontrolleres«, hvis en anden fysisk eller juridisk person »har magt til at udpege et flertal af dens bestyrelsesmedlemmer eller på anden måde lovligt kan styre dens aktiviteter«. Et søsterselskabsforhold eksisterer mellem to juridiske personer, når der direkte udøves kontrol, eller begge kontrolleres af samme person.
Control and ownership: a juridical person is 'owned' where an equity interest exceeds 50%, and 'controlled' when there is 'the power to name a majority of its directors or otherwise legally direct its actions'.
Et medlem kan påstå, at et andet medlem har foretaget ændringer, der påvirker GATS' funktion, og underrette Rådet for Handel med Tjenesteydelser herom.
Counter-notification: a member can allege that another member has made changes affecting the operation of the GATS and report it to the CTS.
Anvendes endnu ikke for GATS; i GATT tillades det et importerende medlem at indføre udligningstold for at neutralisere subsidier til importerede varer, som er indført af et eksporterende medlem.
Countervailing measure: not yet in use for the GATS; in GATT an importing member is permitted to impose countervailing duties to offset subsidies on imported goods, imposed by an exporting member.
Medlemmer behøver ikke tilstå GATS' fordele til ikke-medlemmer.
Denial of benefits: members do not have to extend the benefits of the GATS to non-members.
Foretagelse af skøn for at begrænse nye aktørers adgang til et marked med henvisning til en eksisterende lokal kapacitet.
Economic needs test: discretion to limit new entrants into a market by reference to existing local capacity.
Et privat firmas ret til at etablere en handelsmæssig tilstedeværelse i et fremmed land eller til at levere tjenesteydelser over grænser uden at skulle etablere sig lokalt.
Establishment, and non-establishment — rights of: the right of a private firm to establish a commercial presence in a foreign country; or to supply cross-border services without having to establish locally.
Nogle love er ikke dækket af GATS-disciplinerne.
Exception: some laws are not covered by the GATS disciplines.
Den almindelige overenskomst om told og udenrigshandel, indgået i 1947, og stærkt revideret under forhandlingerne i Uruguay-runden.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, established in 1947, and heavily revised during the Uruguay Round of negotiations.
Intellektuelle ejendomsrettigheder — beskyttede rettigheder til opfindelser og kreativt arbejde.
IPRs: intellectual property rights — protected rights to inventions and creative work.
Indtægter og indkomst fra udlandet, dog ikke fra salg af varer: omfatter indtægter fra salg af tjenesteydelser samt renter, fortjenester og udbytter fra investeringer i udlandet.
Invisible earnings: earnings and income from abroad, excluding those from the sale of goods: includes income from the sale of services, and also interest, profits and dividends from investments abroad.
Juridisk person:
Juridical person:
»Enhver juridisk person, der lovligt er oprettet eller på anden måde organiseret i henhold til den relevante lovgivning, uanset om formålet er at skabe fortjeneste eller ej, og uanset om den er privat eller offentligt ejet, herunder enhver koncern, trust, partnerskab, joint venture, enkeltmandsvirksomhed eller sammenslutning«. menslutning«.
'any legal entity duly constituted or otherwise organized under applicable law, whether for profit or otherwise, and whether privately owned or governmentally owned, including any corporation, trust, partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship or association'.
Ikke defineret som sådan i GATS: evnen til at levere en tjenesteydelse til et marked gennem en eller flere forsyningsmåder.
Market access: not defined as such in GATS: ability to supply a service to a market through any one, or more, modes of supply.
Offentlige love, bestemmelser, regler, procedurer, beslutninger, administrative tiltag og alle andre former.
Measures: government laws, regulations, rules, procedures, decisions, administrative actions, and any other forms.
Dækker centrale, regionale og lokale myndigheder og regler vedtaget af ikke-statslige organer i udøvelsen af beføjelser, der er uddelegeret af offentlige myndigheder.
Covers central, regional and local authorities, and the rules of nongovernmental bodies in the exercise of powers delegated by any of them.
Foranstaltninger, der påvirker handelen med tjenesteydelser:
Measures affecting trade in services: includes those concerning the purchase, payment or use of a service, and access to, and use of, other services generally available to the public, if needed to supply the services, and those affecting firms and people in the market.
Mestbegunstigelsesprincippet.
MFN: the most-favoured-nation treatment principle.
Udenlandske tjenesteydelser og leverandører af tjenesteydelser skal behandles ens (dvs. at de ikke må udsættes for forskelsbehandling, idet begge skal tilstås en behandling, der »ikke er mindre gunstig« end den, der tilstås andre).
Foreign services and servicesuppliers have to be treated alike (i.e. not discriminated between, since each has to be accorded treatment 'no less favourable' than that accorded to others).
Tilladelse til, at et medlem ikke yder mestbegunstigelsesbehandling i en given sektor.
MFN exemption: permission granted to a member not to apply MFN treatment in a given sector.
Mestbegunstigelsesforpligtelsen ophæves for en nærmere angivet periode. de.
The MFN obligation is waived for a specified period.
En aftale mellem mange regeringer: WTO er den eneste multilaterale handelsaftale. aftale.
Multilateral: an agreement between many governments: the WTO is the only Multilateral Trade Agreement.
Multilaterale handelsforhandlinger.
MTNs: multilateral trade negotiations.
Udenlandske tjenesteydelser og leverandører af tjenesteydelser og deres lokale modstykker skal behandles ens.
National treatment principle: nongovernmental organization — usually accredited with an intergovernmental organization.
Ikke-statslig organisation — er normalt akkrediteret hos en mellemstatslig organisation.
Non-application: where one member does not extend the benefits of the agreement to another member, either wholly (global non-application), or for a specified aspect (partial, or selective non-application).
Når et medlem ikke udstrækker overenskomstens fordele til et andet medlem, enten fuldstændigt (global ikke-anvendelse) eller for et angivet aspekt (delvis eller selektiv ikke-anvendelse).
None: no limitations or restrictions to market access, or national treatment, in the mode of supply indicated for that sector.
Ingen begrænsninger eller restriktioner på markedsadgang eller national behandling i den forsyningsmåde, der er angivet for den pågældende sektor.
Origin, rule of: the country from which a service was supplied, or from which a servicesupplier originated.
En foranstaltning, der påstås at annullere eller svække et andet lands fordele, selv om den er i overensstemmelse med bestemmelserne i GATS.
A clear definition is necessary for use in cases of dispute, for example for impairment, nullification, withdrawal and denial of benefits.
Et land, hvorfra en tjenesteydelse er leveret, eller hvorfra en leverandør af tjenesteydelser har oprindelse.
Panel: experts set up to assist in the disputesettlement process.
Ekspertgruppe, der er nedsat for at bistå i tvistbilæggelsesproceduren.
Piracy: illegal reproduction of software, videos, records, tapes, discs, etc.
En aftale mellem en række regeringer.
Plurilateral agreement: an agreement between a number of governments.
Medlemmerne er fortsat frie til at træffe foranstaltninger til beskyttelse af »investorer, indskydere, policeindehavere eller personer, som en leverandør af tjenesteydelser skylder en 'fiduciary duty' (tillidsforpligtelse), eller for at sikre finanssystemets integritet og stabilitet«, skønt de ikke må benyttes til »at unddrage sig... indrømmelser og forpligtelser«.
Prudential 'carve-out': members remain free to enact regulations to protect 'investors, depositors, policyholders or person to whom a fiduciary duty is owed by a servicesupplier, or to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system', although they are not to 'be used as a means of avoiding ... commitments or obligations'.
En numerisk begrænsning på importen af en vare fra et land.
Quantitative restriction: a numerical limit on imports from a country for a product.
Udveksling af nøjagtig ens indrømmelser (kaldet direkte eller sektorspecifik gensidighed).
Reciprocity: exchange of exactly similar concessions (known as direct or sectoral reciprocity).
Mange GATS-medlemmer har gjort MFN-undtagelser for at bevare love, der kræver gensidighed, når der tilstås markedsadgang.
Many GATS members have taken MFN exemptions to preserve laws that require reciprocity when granting market access.
Udtrykket samlet gensidighed anvendes også, hvor der er gensidig fordel ved multilateralt at udveksle indrømmelser.
The term 'overall reciprocity' is also used, whereby there is mutual advantage in the exchange of concessions multilaterally.
Ophævelse eller gradvis afskaffelse af foranstaltninger, der begrænser handelen og fører til forskelsbehandling.
Rollback: repeal or phasing-out of trade restrictive and discriminatory measures.
Særlige forpligtelser kan angive tidsfrister for fremtidig rollback eller afskaffelse af foranstaltninger (såkaldte »solnedgangsforpligtelser«).
Specific commitments can schedule time-limits for the future rollback or elimination of measures ('sun-set' obligations).
Foranstaltninger, der suspenderer forpligtelser i særlige nødsituationer.
Safeguards: measures suspending commitments under certain emergency situations.
Discipliner for disse situationer skal udvikles inden tre år.
Disciplines for these situations have to be developed within three years.
I alt væsentligt lige konkurrencemuligheder (substantive equivalent competitive opportunities).
SECO: substantially equivalent competitive opportunities.
Hvert land kan anvende sin egen definition for alle indgåede forpligtelser.
Sector: each country can use its own definition for any commitments made.
Tjenesteydelse:
The GATS does not define a service.
Enhver tjenesteydelse i enhver sektor, undtagen ydelser, der leveres under udøvelsen af offentlig myndighed.
Specific commitments: self-imposed obligations by members either not to impose new laws limiting market access where there are none, or not to add further limitations apart from those listed, and similarly with respect to conditions on national treatment; and any additional commitments scheduled.
GATS definerer ikke begrebet tjenesteydelse. se.
Redressive duties: duties to counter unfair pricing practices by foreigners.
Særlige forpligtelser:
RBPs: restrictive business practices.
Told, der har til formål at afhjælpe udenlandske firmaers uretfærdige pris fastsættelse.
Substantive: a test for the country of origin of a juridical person is if it is constituted or otherwise organized under the law of that other member, and is engaged in substantive business operations in the territory of that member or any other member.
Dette omfatter fremstilling, distribution, markedsføring, salg og levering.
Supply of a service: this includes production, distribution, marketing, sale and delivery.
Overvågningen af, hvorvidt medlemmerne overholder deres forpligtelser.
Surveillance: the monitoring of members' compliance with their obligations.
Kræver, at oplysninger fra medlemmerne om foranstaltninger skal være offentligt tilgængelige (dvs. at reglerne kan ses, fordi de ikke er skjult).
Transparency principle: publication and availability for scrutiny of information from members on measures (i.e. the rules can be seen because they are not hidden).
Byrde, økonomisk behovsprøvning, etablering, investering, markedsadgang, erhverv, forsigtighedsmæssig, sektor, tjenesteydelser (skønt GATT's liste over tjenesteydelser giver et klart indtryk af, hvilke tjenesteydelser der er omfattet), subsidier, handelsforvridende.
Undefined in the GATS: burdensome, economic needs test, establishment, investment, market access, profession, prudential, sector, services (although the GATT list of services gives a clear idea of services covered), subsidies, trade distortive.
De multilaterale handelsforhandlinger i GATT, der blev indledt i september 1986 i Punta del Este i Uruguay, og afsluttet i Genève i december 1993.
Uruguay Round: the multilateral GATT trade negotiations launched in September 1986 at Punta del Este, Uruguay, and concluded in Geneva in December 1993.
Medlemmernes indforståelse med, at et medlems foranstaltninger, der ikke er i overensstemmelse med GATS, undtages fra GATS-forpligtelserne.
Waiver: members' agreement to the exemption from the obligations of the GATS for a member's measure that is not consistent with the GATS.
De Forenede Nationers Konference om Handel og Udvikling, baseret i Genève.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in Geneva.
Hvor findes svarene på nogle ofte stillede spørgsmål?
Where to find the answers to some frequently asked questions page
Kan et GATS-medlem trække sig ud af WTO?
Can a GATS member withdraw from the WTO?
Ja, med seks måneders varsel Kan et GATS-medlem tilbagekalde sine forpligtelser?
Yes, on six months' notice Can a GATS member withdraw its commitments?
Ja Har GATS-reglerne forret frem for immigrationslove?
Yes Do GATS rules override immigration laws?
Nej Dækker GATS offentlige indkøb?
No Does the GATS cover government procurement?
Nej, men se Giver GATS ret til etablering?
No, but see Does the GATS grant a right of establishment?
Nej, men se Indfører GATS antitrustregler?
No, but see Does the GATS impose antitrust rules?
Nej, men se Svækker GATS mine muligheder for at hemmeligholde følsomme forretningsoplysninger?
No, but see Does the GATS weaken my ability to keep sensitive commercial information private?
Nej Hvordan defineres tjenesteydelser — er mine aktiviteter dækket? Hvordan fungerer GATS?
No How are services defined — are my activities covered?
Er GATS komplet, eller skal den udvikles yderligere? Nej/ja Er GATS forbundet med Verdenshandelsorganisationen?
Is the GATS complete or will it have to be developed further?
Ja Er der nogen hjælp for små og mellemstore virksomheder?
Yes Is there any help for SMEs?
Nej Hvad dækker GATS?
No What does the GATS cover?
Alle foranstaltninger, der påvirker fire forsyningsmåder Hvad betyder gennemsigtighed i GATS?
All measures affecting four modes of supply What does transparency mean in the GATS?
Midler til at indhente oplysninger Hvad er ikke-diskrimination?
There are means to obtain information What is non-discrimination?
Ens behandling af ydelser og leverandører Hvornår trådte GATS i kraft? 1. januar 1995 Hvor kan jeg få yderligere oplysninger om GATS?
Treating supplies and suppliers equally When did the GATS come into effect? 1 January 1995 Where can I get further information on the GATS?
Fra Deres regering Hvor forvaltes GATS? / Geneve Hvorfor blev GATS oprettet?
From your government Where is the GATS administered? Geneva Why was the GATS created?
Fordi der ikke var nogen regler for handelen med tjenesteydelser Vil konkurrenter få adgang til mit marked?
Because there were no rules for trade in services Will competitors be allowed into my market?
Ja, på visse betingelser Vil mine markeder i udviklingslande være undtaget fra de nye regler?
Yes, on certain conditions Will my markets in developing countries be exempted from the new rules?
Nej, men se Vil min ophavsret til software blive beskyttet af GATS? Nej, men se TRIPS
No, but see Will my software copyrights be protected by the GATS?
GATS — Den almindelige overenskomst om handel med tjenesteydelser
GATS — The General Agreement on Trade in Services
Pris i Luxembourg (moms ikke medregnet): ECU 22 c 1S-flS7-45S7-X
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: ECU 22
FÆLLESSKABETS
TRADE BARRIERS
HANDELSHINDRINGER?
REGULATION?
Skabelse af nye muligheder for samhandel for det europæiske erhvervsliv
Opening new trade opportunities for European business
Hvad er forordningen om handelshindringer?
What is the Trade Barriers Regulation (TBR)?
Forordningen om handelshindringer, som blev udstedt i december 1994, giver Fællesskabets erhvervsgrene og virksomheder samt medlemsstaterne adgang til nye procedurer, hvorefter de kan anmode Det Europæiske Fællesskab om at gribe ind på internationalt plan for at opnå håndhævelse af internationale handelsregler i tilfælde, hvor lande, der ikke er medlem af Fællesskabet, indfører eller viderefører handelshindringer.
The Trade Barriers Regulation, adopted in December 1994, provides Community industries and enterprises, as well as Member States, with access to a new procedure by which they can request the European Community to act internationally to obtain enforcement of international trade rules where non-Community countries are adopting or maintaining barriers to trade.
For at sikre, at den internationale samhandel forløber glidende og retfærdigt, er der indgået en lang række aftaler, som fastsætter handelsnationernes rettigheder og pligter, navnlig i WTO/GATT's regi.
In an effort to ensure that international trade operates smoothly and equitably, it is regulated by a whole host of agreements, notably those established within the WTO/GATT framework, which lay down the rights and duties of trading nations.
Det Europæiske Fællesskab er part i de fleste relevante aftaler og traktater, i henhold til hvilke det har indgået mange forpligtelser, men også opnået en bred vifte af rettigheder. heder.
The European Community is a signatory to most relevant agreements and treaties by which it has contracted numerous obligations, but conversely it has also obtained a great many rights.
Som part i disse aftaler har Det Europæiske Fællesskab fastsat (og efterhånden tilpasset) nogle af de interne regler, der er nødvendige til håndhævelse af disse rettigheder; de er kendt som de han delspolitiske instrumenter.
As a signatory to these agreements the European Community has put in place (and adapted over time) some of the internal rules necessary to implement these rights, known as trade policy instruments.
Formålet dermed har traditionelt været at beskytte den lokale industri og de lokale virksomheder mod illoyal handelspraksis, som tages i anvendelse af producenter i tredjelande, der leverer til det europæiske marked. De dækker fremgangsmåder såsom dumping, subsidiering og andre aktiviteter, som det anses for nødvendigt at forsvare den europæiske industri mod for at sikre denne en vis beskyttelse på hjemmemarkedet.
These were traditionally designed to protect local industry and enterprises from unfair trade practices by third country producers in the European market.