natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det politiske skifte, der bragte arbejderpartiet til magten i juni 1971, bevirkede, at anden etape aldrig blev iværksat, og kun resultaterne af de første år af associeringens første etape har gyldighed i dag og er regelmæssigt blevet videreført siden 1977.
It provides for the creation of a customs union in two five-year stages, customs union being defined as the total elimination of obstacles to trade between the two parties and the adoption of the Community customs tariff by Malta.
Maltas neutralitet blev anerkendt af Italien i 1980 og siden af USSR og andre lande som Frankrig, Grækenland, Algeriet, Tunesien og Libyen.
Malta's neutrality was recognized by Italy in 1980, and subsequently by the USSR and a number of other countries, including France, Greece, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.
Malta er ikke medlem af nogen militæralliance og har ikke indgået militæraftaler med andre lande.
Malta is not a member of any military alliance, and has no military agreements with other countries, although it has concluded 'good neighbour' agreements with italy and Libya.
Malta har indgået traktater om »godt naboskab« med Italien og Libyen.
Following the election of the Labour government that came to power in June 1971, the second stage never got under way, and the achievements of the Association Agreement have remained restricted to the progress made during the initial years of the first stage, which has been extended on a regular basis since 1977.
Den nationalistiske regering, der kom til magten i 1987, har imidlertid ikke ønsket at genoplive den proces, der er fastsat i aftalen af 1970, dvs. toldunionen, idet den mener, at Maltas tiltrædelse af Fælles skabet nu må være det eneste mål efter denne lange mellemliggende periode.
When the NP returned to power in 1987, the government nevertheless declined to relaunch the
Malta har tidligere haft temmelig nær tilknytning til Libyen og flere lande i den kommunistiske blok, men har siden regeringsskiftet i 1987 ført en politik, der i højere grad er rettet mod Europa, specielt Italien.
Although in the past Malta maintained fairly close relations with Libya and certain communist bloc countries, since the change of government in 1987 the policy has been to look more towards Europe, particularly Italy.
Malta er medlem af FN, CSCE og Europa-Rådet.
Malta is a member of the
Indtægterne fra turisme, næsten 900 000 besøgende i 1991, svarede til ca. 23 % af BNP og 25 % af importen. ten.
Malta was visited by nearly 900 000 tourists in 1991, when the tourist sector accounted for around 23% of GDP, covering 25% of the country's imports.
I modsætning til andre lande, der har en associeringsaftale med Fællesskabet, er Maltas økonomi ikke gradvis blevet åbnet for europæisk konkurrence, og Maltas lovgivning, konkurrencepraksis og konkurrenceniveau er heller ikke tilnærmet niveauet i Fælles skabet, hvilket, som det fremgår af næste kapitel, i dag gør en overgangsperiode endnu mere vigtig for en integration i Fællesskabet.
Consequently, and in contrast to the practice with the Community's other Associates, the Association Agreement's norm did not result in gradually open ing the Maltese economy to European competition and bringing the country's legislation, practices and competitive performance into line with Community standards, with the result that, as the following section demonstrates, the transition required to integrate Malta into the Community is considerably greater.
Landbruget er hæmmet på grund af mangelen på opdyrkelig jord og dårlige vandforhold, og landbrugets relative andel af den nationale produktion og beskæftigelsen har været faldende (henholdsvis 3,4 % og 2,4% i 1990).
Agriculture is handicapped by the dearth of land suitable for cultivation and the lack of water, with the result that it plays an increasingly insignificant role in the country's economy: it accounted for only 3.4% of GNP and 2.4% of total employment in 1990.
Situationen på det handelsmæssige plan :
The trade situation is currently as follows.
Fællesskabet indrømmer Malta fuldstændig toldfritagelse for industrivarer og 40-75 % på landbrugsprodukter. dukter.
The Community admits imports of Maltese industrial products entirely free of customs duties, and applies concessions of between 40 and 75% for agricultural products.
Malta giver Fællesskabet toldindrømmelser på omkring 35 % for både landbrugsprodukter og industrivarer, men disse indgår i en globalt set meget restriktiv handelspolitik (se stk. 28-30).
Malta applies tariff concessions of some 35% on imports of industrial and agricultural products from the Community, but these concessions must be seen in the light of a trade policy that remains very restrictive when taken as a whole (see points 28 to 30).
Maltas økonomi er lille, og et meget stort flertal af industrivirksomhederne (over 75 %) har under 5 ansatte.
Malta's is a small economy, on which the great majority (more than 75%) of its industrial companies employ fewer than five people.
Kun 61 af de 2 300 registrerede virksomheder, dvs. under 3 %, har mere end 100 ansatte og kun 12 over 300 ansatte.
Of the 2 300 companies registered, only 61 (less than 3%) employ more than 100 staff and only 12 more than 300.
I forbindelse med det finansielle og faglige samarbejde er der undertegnet tre finansprotokoller siden 1987 (den tredje udløber ved udgangen af 1993), som indrømmer Malta en bistand på i alt 93,5 mio. ECU, heraf 55 mio. ECU i form af EIB-lån og 38,5 mio. ECU af budgetmidlerne.
As regards financial and technical cooperation, three financial protocols have been signed since 1978 (the third is due to expire at the end of 1993), under which Malta has received a total of ECU 93.5 million in financial assistance, consisting of ECU 55 million in EIB loans and ECU 38.5 million from the budget.
Det har været muligt at finansiere bestemte infrastrukturprojekter og økonomisk samarbejde med denne bistand.
These funds have been used to finance infrastructure and economic cooperation projects.
Økonomiske aspekter ved Maltas overgang til en integration i Fællesskabet
The economy: moving towards integration with the Community
De største virksomheder ligger især i den elektroniske sektor (en virksomhed, med oprindelse i Fællesskabet, tegner sig for 40 % af Maltas eksport i denne sektor) eller i tekstilsektoren og ser fremtiden uløseligt forbundet med fri adgang for deres varer til markedet i Fællesskabet og fortsat konkurrencedygtighed på markedet i forhold til deres konkurrenter inden og uden for Fællesskabet, især med hensyn til enhedslønomkostninger.
The larger companies are primarily involved in electronics (a sector in which one company, of Community origin, accounts for 40% of Malta's exports) and textiles; they see their future as being umbilically linked to free access for their products to the Community market and to the retention of a competitive edge on that market, especially in terms of unit wage costs, against their competitors inside and outside the Community.
Siden Maltas regering rejste tvivl om tilstedeværelsen af britisk militær, som gav store beskæftigelsesmuligheder på øerne, har den økonomiske udvikling på Malta i væsentlig grad været baseret på fremme af stærkt arbejdskraftskrævende industrier og udnyttelse af turisme.
Since the Maltese Government's decision to put an end to the British military presence on the islands, thus removing a major source of employment, Malta's economic development has essentially been based on the promotion of highly labour-intensive industries and of making use of its tourist resources.
Det er en stærkt subventioneret sektor, der, hvis Malta tiltræder, skal undergå en omfattende omstrukturering for at opfylde EFs konkurrenceregler.
This activity, which is highly subsidized, would need to be largely restructured in the event of accession to meet the Community's competition rules.
Den aktive befolkning på øerne udgør ca. 135 000, og arbejdsløshedsprocenten er lav (ca. 4,5 %).
The Republic has an active population of some 135 000, with an unemployment rate of around 4.5%.
Over 40 % af den samlede beskæftigelse ligger i den offentlige sektor, dvs. de centrale administrationer og offentlige tjenestegrene, som staten forvalter.
The public sector, including the central administrative bodies and public services managed by the State,
De er i de fleste sektorer beskyttet mod udenlandsk konkurrence gennem lovgivningen og en meget høj
The vast majority of the smaller companies are engaged in sectors such as construction, machinery
både toldmæssig og ikke-toldmæssig handelsbeskyttelse.
repairs, food and furniture, and primarily target the domestic market.
en forudsætning for at nedbringe toldsatserne. Det momskontor, der netop er blevet oprettet, er et første skridt i retning af den nødvendige reform.
These companies account for more than 70% of industrial employment on the islands: their productivity is very low and their wages generally poor.
Maltas regering overvejer at indføre moms i 1995 og sideløbende hermed fortsætte med at reducere toldbeskyttelsen.
In most sectors they are sheltered from for eign competition by protective trade legislation and by extremely stringent tariff and non-tariff barriers.
Medens den mest produktive del af den maltesiske industri vil være i stand til at udnytte de muligheder, der byder sig ved tiltrædelsen, og ser mange for dele ved en modernisering af de juridiske og lovmæssige rammer for Maltas økonomi, skal de fleste industrivirksomheder til gengæld gøre en særlig ind sats for at omstrukturere og forbedre deres konkurrenceevne for at modstå åbningen af deres sektorer for konkurrence fra Europa og den gradvise afvikling af den beskyttelse, der omgiver dem.
Whereas Malta's small group of efficient industrial companies is in a position to take advantage of the opportunities deriving from accession, and would be greatly helped by the associated modernization of the Maltese economy's legal and regulatory framework, most of the country's industrial concerns will have to restructure and become more competitive if they are to cope with the opening-up of their markets to European competitors and the gradual dismantling of the protective barriers behind which they are at present sheltered.
Maltas industri har i lang tid levet i ly af en meget hermetisk handelsbeskyttelse, en kombination af meget høje toldsatser og afgifter og kvantitative restriktioner eller endog importforbud. Hertil kommer offentlige monopoler for import og afsætning af råstoffer.
Maltese industry has long been sheltered by extremely stringent trade-protection measures which combine very high customs duties and taxes with quantitative restrictions and even outright bans on imports, further reinforced by the existence of public sector monopolies in the importing and marketing of raw materials.
Med ganske få undtagelser er kapitalbevægelser med udlandet forbudt eller foretages på grundlag af en forhåndstilladelse.
With a few minor exceptions, movements of capital into and out of the country are prohibited, or subject to prior authorization.
Siden 1989 er den maltesiske regering begyndt at liberalisere industriimporten og erstatte de kvantitative restriktioner med en importafgift (»lokale producenters beskyttelsesafgift«), der har samme virkninger som told, og som lægges oveni tolden i toldtariffen. Trods disse første bestræbelser er beskyttelsesniveauet imidlertid fortsat meget højt.
In 1989 the Maltese Government began liberalizing industrial imports by replacing quantitative restrictions with an import levy dubbed the 'local manufacturers protection tax', which is a charge having equivalent effect to a customs duty, and is levied in addition to customs tariff duties.
Banksystemet er næsten udelukkende bestemt for den lokale økonomi.
The banking system is focused almost exclusively on the domestic economy.
Det domineres af tre banker, som repræsenterer i alt 99 % af indskuddene og alle er banker, hvor staten har aktiemajoritet.
The sector is dominated by three banks which together account for 99% of all deposits, and which are all State-controlled.
De monetære myndigheder anvender kun i ringe grad rentesatser, der fastsættes til et maksimum ved lov, men støtter sig især til forvaltning af kreditmængden.
To pursue their objectives, the monetary authorities in Malta make little use of the instrument of interest rates which are subject by law to a maximum.
Toldsatserne er stadig meget høje, også over for Fællesskabet, selv om Fællesskabet har fordel af del vis toldafvikling. Importafgifter og licensordningen for mange varer fuldender den beskyttelse, der består i toldsatser.
Customs duties remain extremely high, including those applied to imports from the Community, in spite of the partial concessions from which they benefit The protection afforded by these customs duties is reinforced by the levies and licensing arrangements.
I de vigtigste sektorer set fra et beskæftigelsesmæssigt synspunkt er toldbeskyttelsen (herunder punktafgifter) 15-130 % og omkring 40 % over for Fællesskabet.
In the most important sectors providing employment, the tariff protection (including excise duties) applied on Community products lies between 15 and 130%, with a concentration around the 40% mark.
Den ligger på 25-140% for varer af anden oprindelse. Visse industrivarer, særlig i levnedsmiddelsektoren, eksporteres på grundlag af licenser.
For imported products of non-Community origin, the range is between 25 and 140%.
En liberalisering af transaktionerne med udlandet og åbning af banksektoren for international konkurrence nødvendiggør i første omgang indgående reformer af metoderne for pengeregulering, hvilket indebærer større ændringer i de forskellige parters handlemåder.
Before foreign transactions can be liberalized and the banking sector opened up to international competition, the monetary regulation system must first be thoroughly overhauled, which will require major changes in the behaviour of all the parties involved.
Konkurrencepolitik og virksomhedernes miljø
The Central Bank should be equipped with the tools that will enable it to maintain monetary stability in an open and competitive environment; in
produktionsomkostningerne og begrænser konkurrenceevnen og tilpasningskapaciteten.
Banks, businesses and households — as well as the Treasury — will have to adapt to a system in which market forces determine the cost of credit.
De pågældende foranstaltninger omfatter bl.a.: sikre dens forankring i det europæiske enhedsmarked.
Public opinion increasingly accepts that the Maltese economy has to be restructured, and the government has undertaken a number of studies and set up certain structures.
• høje priser på ydelser i forbindelse med søtransport og indladning, som skyldes manglende konkurrence i sektoren og gældende praksis i Maltas havne
(a) rigorous control of prices and profits, currently considered essential by the Maltese authorities to curb the monopolistic tendencies of certain firms that are a consequence of the lack of competition in the Maltese market;
Udsigten til en tiltrædelse vil kunne medvirke til at mobilisere udenlandske investeringer.
The prospect of accession could help mobilize for eign investment.
De udenlandske investorers holdning vil imidlertid være langt mere positiv, hvis Malta også kan tilbyde et gennem skueligt og stabilt miljø på lov, administrations- og skatteområdet, moderne infrastrukturer til rimelige priser samt kvalificeret arbejdskraft.
However, foreign investors are more likely to look favourably on Malta if they see a stable and transparent legal, administrative and tax environment, modern infrastructure, reasonable costs and a skilled workforce.
• høje priser på energi og telekommunikation, som skyldes mangelen på klare kontraktforhold mellem staten og monopolindehaverne i disse sektorer
(b) high shipping and stevedoring costs owing to the lack of competition in this sector and to the current practices in Maltese ports;
• mange offentlige eller private monopolselskaber, der virker som en hæmsko for konkurrencen i deres respektive sektorer
(c) high energy and telecommunications costs owing to the absence of a clear contract between the State and the monopolies operating in these sectors;
Påbuddet om reformer forudsætter således, at de maltesiske myndigheder vedtager en bindende strategi og tidsplan for moderniseringen af Maltas økonomi og dens tilpasning til Fællesskabets regelværk. værk.
The necessity of the reforms will therefore require the government to adopt a strategy and a strict timetable for the modernization of the Maltese economy and its adjustment to the acquis communautaire.
• toldvæsenets forældede metoder, som ofte medfører urimelige forsinkelser i toldbehandlingen.
(d) numerous public and private sector monopolies which hinder competition;
Nødvendigheden af reformer
(e) the outdated working methods of the customs services, which often cause unreasonable delays in clearance.
Fællesskabet skal, inden der indledes tiltrædelsesforhandlinger med Malta, have sikkerhed for, at de nødvendige reformer vil blive gennemført med den for nødne beslutsomhed og kontinuitet, således at Malta inden for de kortest mulige frister efter landets eventuelle tiltrædelse kan udgøre et dynamisk element i opbygningen af Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union.
Before starting accession negotiations with Malta, the Community must be assured that the requisite reforms will be pushed through with the necessary conviction and continuity to enable Malta to play a dynamic role in the construction of the economic and monetary union as soon as possible after its accession. sion.
Deltagelse i institutionerne
Participation in Community institutions
Reformer, som indebærer Maltas overtagelse af Fællesskabets regelværk, vil komme til at berøre for skellige områder som beskatning, finanser, kapitalbevægelser, handelsbeskyttelse, konkurrenceret osv. og rejse tvivl om så mange traditionelle handlemåder, at der faktisk er tale om en radikal ændring af rammerne for økonomiens regulering og funktion.
The reforms which imply Malta's adoption of the acquis communautaire affect so many different areas (tax, finance, movement of capital, trade protection, competition law, etc.) and require so many changes in traditional patterns of behaviour that what is effectively involved is a root-and-branch overhaul of the entire regulatory and operational framework of the Maltese economy.
Disse reformer er imidlertid strengt nødvendige, ikke kun for at spare Malta for en så lang overgangsperiode, at den vil komme til at tage sig ud som en und tagelse i Fællesskabet, men især for at Malta økonomisk set kan udnytte alle de muligheder, der byder sig ved tiltrædelsen.
These reforms are nevertheless indispensable, not only to spare Malta a transition period that would be so drawn out as to be tantamount to constituting 'special membership' of the Community, but above
I sit dokument med titlen »Europa og Udfordringen Forbundet med Udvidelsen« påpegede Kommissionen, hvad angår Malta og Cypern, at man på bedst mulige måde under tiltrædelsesforhandlingerne skulle søge at løse spørgsmålet om deltagelse i EF-institutionerne.
In its report 'Europe and the challenge of enlargement', the Commission observed that the question of participation by Cyprus and Malta in the Community institutions would have to be resolved in an appropriate manner in the accession negotiations.
Kommissionen agtede at under søge »problemet i sine udtalelser om disse landes ansøgninger«.
The Commission envisaged addressing 'the question in its opinions on these countries' applications'.
Malta kan i betragtning af sit demokrati og sin respekt for menneskerettighederne med rette stræbe efter at deltage i Den Europæiske Union, og Fælles skabet bør bekræfte dette ønske.
Bearing in mind the country's democratic status and its consistent respect for human rights, Malta is entirely justified in asserting its vocation of member ship of the European Union, a right that should be confirmed by the Community.
Fællesskabet kan bekræfte dette ønske, men skal samtidig sikre sig, at Maltas ansøgning indeholder alle betingelser for et positivt udfald af tiltrædelsesforhandlingerne efterfulgt af en vellykket integration i Fællesskabet og Den Europæiske Union.
However, in so doing, the Community must also satisfy itself that Malta's application is such as to hold out every chance of a satisfactory conclusion to the accession negotiations, followed by successful integration into the Community and the European Union.
Malta har en meget begrænset offentlig tjeneste, særlig hvad angår personer med international erfaring, til at landet straks kan deltage i beslutningsprocesserne og arbejdet i EFs institutioner.
Malta has only a very few senior public officials with sufficient international experience to play a full part in the decisionmaking and operational processes of the Community institutions.
Problemet vil trænge sig på i endnu højere grad, når en stor del af den disponible kompetence vil blive mobiliseret i forbindelse med arbejdet med tilpasning af lovgivningen og de reformer, der skal foretages, ved Maltas overgang til en åben økonomi integreret i Fællesskabet.
This problem will be further exacerbated by the fact that the economic and legislative reforms required to open up the Maltese economy and integrate it into the Community will tie down a large proportion of the available pool of skilled human resources.
Malta råder i øvrigt kun over et stærkt begrænset netværk (omkring 15) af diplomatiske stillinger og repræsentationer rundt om i verden.
The diplomatic corps is also very small, being limited to around 15 embassies and consulates around the world.
Malta har indtil videre ikke haft for vane at støtte sig til partnerlandes diplomatiske netværk i sine internationale forbindelser og har heller ikke lang samarbejdserfaring med landene i Europa.
Malta has not yet developed the practice of calling on the diplomatic networks of partner countries in conducting its international relations, nor does it have long standing experience in cooperating with other European countries.
Man kan også spørge sig, om Malta i betragtning af det ovenfor omtalte inden for en forudseelig fremtid vil kunne påtage sig de mange forpligtelser og ansvarsopgaver, der påhviler formandskabet for Rådet.
Another question that has to be asked in the light of the above is whether Malta would, in the foreseeable future, be able to take on the wide range of responsibilities and obligations incumbent on the Presidency of the Council.
På grundlag af disse diagnoser og Maltas ubestridelige ønske om et europæisk tilhørsforhold finder Kommissionen, at det er vigtigt at give myndighederne og befolkningen på Malta et positivt signal og tilskynde dem til at indlede de nødvendige reformer for Maltas overgang til en åben konkurrencedygtig økonomi.
In the light of these assessments and of Malta's indisputably European calling, the Commission feels that it is important to send to the authorities and people of Malta a positive signal to encourage them to undertake vigorously the requisite reforms to transform Malta's economy into an open and competitive one.
De institutionelle problemer, som vil kunne opstå i forbindelse med Maltas tiltrædelse og tiltræ delse af andre lande af lignende størrelse, bør dog behandles som led i bredere overvejelser over institutionerne i en udvidet Europæisk Union med nye medlemsstater, som vil sigte mod yderligere udvidelser. ser.
The institutional problems that would be posed by the accession of Malta or any other applicant of similar size should be examined as part of a more general assessment of the institutions of an enlarged European Union that is destined to grow still further.
Kommissionen er overbevist om, at hvis man bebuder, at Fællesskabet er rede til at indlede tiltrædelses forhandlinger med Malta, så snart forholdene tillader det, vil det være et så positivt signal, at det fremkalder den nødvendige mobilisering af offentligheden på Malta til fordel for de reformer, der skal iværksættes. tes.
The Commission is convinced that such a signal could be given by announcing that the Community is willing to open accession negotiations with Malta as soon as conditions allow.