natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det dækker også beskyttelse af information, der af virksomhederne betragtes som følsom.
Economic intelligence can be defined as the coordinated research, processing and distribu tion for exploitation purposes of information useful to economic operators. It includes the
Paradoksalt nok giver det takket være informationsteknologien voksende udbud af data sig ikke udtryk i en bedre forståelse af de teknologiske og økonomiske udfordringer, ej heller i en større synlighed af de strategiske beslutninger, der skal træffes.
No economic operator, least of all an SME, has access to all the necessary information or even the means of collecting, processing and inter-
Informationsstyring er ganske vist forholdsvis almindelig i store virksomheder og multinationale koncerner.
try, etc.). Some governments in Europe, such as those of France and Sweden, have set up consultative bodies for this purpose.
Det er en markedsniche, der udnyttes af konsulenter, som udvikler metoder og opbygger erfaring.
preting it.1A high proportion of the informa­tion concerned is held or produced by public authorities, universities, research centres, etc.
Det hænder også, at virksomhederne for at udnytte deres information i fællesskab slår sig sammen, f.eks. i lokale eller tematiske klubber (eksportørklubber for eksempel) eller som følge af aktioner gennemført af deres repræsentative organisationer (arbejdsgiverforeninger, handelskamre osv.).
It is also increasingly easy to access, thanks to the development of databanks, communications networks and information highways.
Enkelte regeringer i Europa har interesseret sig herfor og etableret rådgivende instanser, som det er tilfældet i Frankrig og Sveri ae.
However, multiple sources and access paths also increase the risk of leakage.
Kommissionen gennemfører selv mange undersøgelser, finansierer studier, og er i besiddelse af specialiseret viden på mange områder.
The Commission has carried out numerous analyses and financed studies to this end. It possesses a fund of often very specific exper­tise.
Disse kilder til og denne kompetence vedrørende teknologisk information og markedsoplysninger kunne imidlertid gøres til genstand for en mere systematisk udnyttelse og tilrådighedsstillelse for virksomhederne eller for de nationale og regionale myndigheder.
Nevertheless, these technology or market information resources and know­how could be exploited more systematically and placed at the disposal of companies and national or regional governments.
Ingen økonomisk aktør, endsige SMV'er, råder over alle de nødvendige oplysninger eller er i stand til egenhændigt at indsamle, bearbejde og tolke dem1).
A definite effort needs to be made towards raising enterprises' awareness and understand­ing of economic intelligence and its methods, together with the development of easy­to­access data supply.
Men de mange kilder og muligheder for adgang til information øger også risikoen for, at fortrolige oplysninger kommer til uvedkommendes kendskab.
The Community, for its part, is making major efforts, primarily through the Impact programme and shortly INFO 2000, to improve the operation of the European information mar­ket.
Der bør altså gøres en stor indsats for at bevidstgøre virksomhederne om og uddanne dem i økonomisk information og de dertil knyttede metoder samt for at udarbejde lettilgængelige kilder til detaljeret information.
Firms may also join forces to pool their information via either local or activ­ity­related clubs (exporters' clubs, for example) or representative organizations (employers' associations, chambers of commerce and indus­
Japan har ved hjælp af en målrettet politik gjort informationsstyring til en af de stærke sider i sin strategi.
Determined collection, sharing (cooperation between firms, pooling of resources with public authorities) and protection of strategic informa­tion are still too rare in Europe.
USA beskæftiger sig meget med at samordne udnyttelsen og beskyttelsen af sin information gennem initiativer iværksat i fællesskab af de administrative myndigheder og virksomhederne.
At Community level, over the last few years, a number of measures have nevertheless been taken to strengthen and supplement the national or regional efforts.
Fællesskabet arbejder ihærdigt
The following are only a few of the most significant examples.
') Imidlertid tillægger de fleste europæiske virksom heder ikke adgangen til information afsonende betydning, hvilket kan give slof til eftertanke (ifølge fiellesskabsundersogelsen af innovation mente kun 15%. at manglende adgang til information kunne udgore en hindring).
The Commission has decided to set up, for specific subjects, task forces between the departments involved on joint projects of industrial interest.
Som de tre vigtigste informationskilder i forbindelse med innovation angiver virk somhederne i de fleste medlemsstater interne kilder. kunder eller brusere os leverandorer af udstvr.
Π The research effort has increased consider­ably. Including the research support from the Structural Funds, nearly ECU 5 billion is now devoted to research each year, 10 years after the launch of the first framework programme.
Aktiv indsamling, fælles udnyttelse (virksomhedssamarbejde, ressourcefællesskab med de offentlige myndigheder) og beskyttelse af strategiske oplysninger er endnu ikke tilstrækkelig udbredt i Europa.
This move is in line with the recommenda­tions of the White Paper on growth, com­petitiveness and employment, which under­lined the need for greater coordination of research and technological development (R & TD) activities and policies and a strengthening of the capacity — as yet insufficient — of Europeans to transform their scientific breakthroughs and techno­logical achievements into industrial and commercial successes. Through this initia­
De sociale og erhvervsmæssige skel. frygten for konkurrence og tendensen til hemmeligholdelse vanskeliggør samarbejdet mellem virksomhederne og de administrative myndigheder.
However — and this may seem worrying — most European firms do not regard the lack of access to information as a serious obstacle (according to the Community innovation survey, only I59f saw it as a barrier).
Det er derfor vigtigt, at der sker en individuel og kollektiv holdningsændring, så anvendelsen af »økonomisk information« kan brede sig.
The three main sources of innovation infor­mation named by firms in most Member States were internal sources, clients or users and equipment suppliers.
I løbet af de seneste år er der dog blevet taget et antal initiativer på fællesskabsplan, der styr­ker og supplerer de nationale eller regionale bestræbelser.
After successful testing in the BRITE­EURAM programme in 1991­94, the meas­ures aimed at promoting and facilitating the participation of SMEs in Community R & TD programmes are being implemented the total than in most of the programmes under fourth framework programme.
Blandt de mest betydningsfulde kan nævnes:
The budget earmarked for them is more ECU 700 million.
■ at koordinere det arbejde, der skal udføres, og de midler, der står til rådig­hed, mere hensigtsmæssigt, navnlig i for­bindelse med gennemførelsen af det fjerde rammeprogram, og at koordinere de natio­nale bestræbelser bedre
It is a matter of mobilizing all the expertise necessary and of concentrating the budge­tary resources available, so that industry can respond more effectively to interna­tional competition and the constraints of innovation.
■ at fremme et gunstigt klima ved at fremskaffe yderligere finansielle midler og ved at lette samarbejdet mellem de berørte virksomheder.
The main tasks entrusted are as follows: the research priorities and to innovation, in common — including SMEs and the
De beskæftiger sig med følgende emner:
■ to define any obstacles with industry users;
D Samarbejdet mellem forskning og industri samt koordineringen og målrettetheden af bestræbelserne er blevet forbedret. Oprettelsen af task­forcer går i den retning (se den indram­mede tekst nedenfor og bilag 1).
■ a procedure for submitting and assess­ing proposals in two stages; applicants whose draft proposals have been selected in an initial stage receive an 'exploratory premium' intended to cover 75% of the cost of drawing up a full proposal and looking for partners;
■ vacciner og virologiske sygdomme
■ a network of intermediaries (CRAFT network) to inform and assist SMEs at national, regional and local level.
■ fremtidens tog og jernbanesystemer
task forces cover the following
■ fremtidens maritime systemer.
M the new­generation aircraft;
Kommissionen har besluttet at oprette task­forcer vedrørende fælles projekter af interesse for industrien.
Π The establishment of the Institute for Pro­spective Technological Studies in Seville, which has been given a very precise remit for technological monitoring.
De etableres på tværs af de berørte tjenestegrene og har fået tildelt bestemte emneområder.
It is in close liaison with the various national institutes active in this field, and its setting­up should help the Community and national authorities in reaching their decisions (see following box).
Teknologifremmende foranstaltninger SMV'er
■ the train and railway future;
har fået tildelt følgende
■ the maritime systems of the future;
Task­forcerne hovedopgaver:
■ environmentally ogies (planned).
De foranstaltninger, der blev afprøvet med held i BRITE/EURAM­programmet for 1991­1994, og som havde til fonnål at fremme og lette SMV'ers deltagelse i Fæl­lesskabets FTU­programmer, er nu iværk­sat i størsteparten af det fjerde ramme­programs særprogrammer.
The first mission, the technology watch, is the priority task which will allow rapid and reliable access to up­to­date reports on technological information, including company organization and the repercus­sions on employment, whatever the sectors concerned.
■ at fastsætte prioriteringer for forsknin­gen og påpege eventuelle hindringer for
D The measures in favour of SMEs (see fol­lowing boxes) and the simplification of the standard contract for participation in the activi­ties under the fourth framework programme of research and development (see Annex 3).
Der er tale om følgende foranstaltninger: herunder oplysninger om virksomhedsor­ganisation og teknologiens virkninger for beskæftigelsen i alle de berørte sektorer.
Π Strengthening of university/industry partner­ships for training, thanks to the Leonardo programme, and in the field of technology transfer (specific research programmes).
Dette kræver registrering af de interne og eksterne ressourcer og oprettelse af et internationalt net styret af et observato­rium etableret af IPTS1).
It requires an inventory of resources — both internal and external — and the establishment of an international network headed by an obsen'atorv set up by the IPTS. ι
■ en procedure for indsendelse og bedømmelse af forslag i to etaper; de forslagsstillere, hvis skitseforslag udvælges i første etape, modtager en forundersøgel­sespræmie til dækning af 75 % af omkost­ningerne i forbindelse med udarbejdelsen af et komplet forslag og søgningen efter partnere
Π Support for the development of the informa­tion society, particularly through the establish­ment of the necessary infrastructures (e.g. trans­European networks) and for the develop­ment of socially useful applications and joint experiments.
Observatoriets opgave, der indebærer både teknologisk og økonomisk informa­tion, kommer til at bestå i hurtig indsam­ling af relevante oplysninger og kodning af disse med henblik på at gøre dem anvende­lige.
Since it involves technological and eco­nomic intelligence, the task of this obser­vatory will be the rapid collection of the relevant information and its processing into a codified format for subsequent use.
Der bliver tale om en horisontal tjeneste, der skal stå til rådighed for kom­missæren.
This service, which is intended to meet the Commission's demands, must be horizontal in nature.
■ en ny type projekter: samarbejdsbase­rede forskningsprojekter (CRAFT), der gør det muligt for grupper af SMV'er med få eller ingen F & U­ressourcer at henvende sig til tredjeparter for at gennemføre deres forskning
Π Increased emphasis on the dissemination and exploitation of research results. These two objectives are being attained by using a mini­mum share of 1% of the budget which has to be devoted to the specific programmes of research and the Innovation programme.
■ en til stadighed gældende indkaldelse af forslag til CRAFT­præmier og ­projek­ter
Through this programme, the Commission is also supporting the establishment of contact points for innovation activities and information on the European Union's research and develop­ment activities.
■ et netværk af formidlere (CRAFT­net), der informerer og bistår SMV'er på natio­nalt, regionalt og lokalt plan.
The list of these innovation centres is given in Annex 2.
Indtil videre skal IPTS altså ikke gennem­føre nye undersøgelser, men administrere og udnytte de oplysninger, der står til rådighed (i Kommissionens tjenestegrene, OECD, nationale centre osv.) om situatio­nen i medlemsstaterne og om de største industrielle konkurrenter.
At present, it is thus not for the IPTS to produce new studies, but to channel and exploit the information available (Commission, OECD, national centres, etc.) on the situation in the Member States and our major indus­trial rivals.
I forbindelse med denne opgave vil der hver måned blive udarbejdet en sammen­fattende rapport til kommissæren for forsk­ning, uddannelse og erhvervsuddannehe.
This mission will produce a monthly digest intended for the member of the Commis­sion responsible for research, education and training.
D Oprettelsen af Instituttet for Teknologiske Fremtidsstudier i Sevilla, der er blevet pålagt en præcis opgave vedrørende teknologisk over­vågning og har tætte forbindelser til de forskel­lige nationale institutter, som er aktive på dette område.
□ The pilot projects aimed at stimulating ven­ture capital under the action plan for SMEs, the Structural Funds and the Innovation pro­gramme.
Det er meningen, at instituttet skal kaste lys over Fællesskabets og de nationale myndigheders valgmuligheder (se den indram­mede tekst nedenfor).
The latter also promotes regular exchanges in the field of innovation financing through workshops and conferences which bring together financiers, academics, public agencies and national administrations.
D Styrkelsen af partnerskaberne mellem uni­versiteter og industri inden for undervisning (programmet LEONARDO) og teknologiover­førsel ( forskningssærprogrammerne).
D Support for the regions to enable them to draw up innovation strategies and rationalize their infrastructures and support measures for SMEs.
D Den støtte, der kommer udviklingen af informationssamfundet til gode, særlig gennem etableringen af de nødvendige infrastrukturer (navnlig de transeuropæiske net) og udarbej­delsen af samfundsnyttige anvendelser og kol­lektive forsogsprojekter.
□ Support for rural development by promoting as part of Leader II, strategies gathering local partners and aiming at fostering innovation in terms of methods, product process or market.
Uddrag af arbejdsprogrammet Instituttet for Teknologiske Fremtidsstudier i Sevilla
This Community initiative also includes the setting­up of a European innovation and rural development monitoring system with the mis­sion of identifying and disseminating good practice in that area.
Instituttets anden opgave, forskningen i egentlig forstand, kommer i starten til at dreje sig om emnet teknologi­beskæfti­ gelse­konkurrenceevne.
The second mission, namely the actual research, will initially be directed towards the topic of technology/employment/com­petitiveness.
De store økonomiske og samfundsmæssige problemer og udfordringer, der er forbun­det hermed, skal også tages i betragt­ning.
Account will also have to be taken of the associated major problems and economic and societal challenges.
Instituttets første og vigtigste opgave, den teknologiske overvågning, består i at sørge for hurtig og sikker adgang til den mest avancerede teknologiske information.
Digests intended for authorities, industry scientific circles will be the Community and European published.
') Instituttet for Teknologiske Fremtidsstudier i Sevilla. World Trade Center Buildins. Isla de la Cartuja, s/n. E­41092 Sevilla, tlf. (+34)54 48 82 73.
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies in Seville.
højere grad blive støttet. Desuden vil der inden længe blive oprettet et europæisk observatorium for innovativ praksis inden for erhvervsuddannelse. uddannelse.
tory of innovative practices in vocational train ing will soon be set up.
D Det arbejde, der i samråd med medlemssta terne gøres for at forenkle de administrative formaliteter, navnlig for SMV'er.
D The concerted efforts being undertaken with the Member States with a view to simplifying administrative formalities, in particular for SMEs.
Trods alle disse bestræbelser er der stadig hindringer og svagheder, som skal afhjælpes.
Despite all these efforts, there stil obstacles and weaknesses.
D Den øgede betydning, der tillægges formidling og nyttiggørelse af forskningsresultater.
The operators attended a workshop on crop protection organized for farmers in Ireland.
Disse to områder fremmes i kraft af det minimum på 1 % af forskningssærpiOgrammernes budgetter, der er afsat til dem, og i kraft af innovationsprogrammet. Under sidstnævnte støtter Kommissionen desuden etableringen af kontaktpunkter for innovationsaktiviteter og orienterer om EU's forsknings- og udviklingsaktiviteter. I bilag 2 findes en liste over innovationscentrene. vationscentrene.
Thanks to the quality of the work shop design, within barely a week the Italian operators had received the training they needed to meet the demands of the market and had established the international contacts which allowed them to develop this technology upon their return and disseminate it throughout their region.
Pilotprojektet »BIOMERIT« — Et europæisk net inden for bioteknologi (COMETT-programmet)
Biomerit pilot project — European network in the field of biotechnology (Comett programme)
D Pilotinitiativerne for tilvejebringelse af risikovillig kapital inden for rammerne af handlingsplanen for SMV'er, strukturfondene og innovationsprogrammet.
A consortium of Irish, Portuguese and Spanish businesses has set up a training programme aimed at meeting the needs of European SMEs in the field of implement ing quality programmes.
I forbindelse med sidstnævnte fremmes desuden regelmæssig udveksling af information om finansieringen af innovation.
The training pro gramme aims to give an understanding of quality as an integral part of strategic management and as a tool for the management of human resources.
Denne udveksling tager form af seminarer og konferencer, hvori deltager kreditformidlere, repræsentanter for universiteterne, offentlige organer og nationale administrationer. ner.
The project has also helped to disseminate the application of the ISO 9000 quality standards in several regions of Europe.
BIOMERIT, der har hjemsted i Cork i Irland, er et tværnationalt netværk, der omfatter 33 partnere fra 7 forskellige lande.
Located in Cork, Ireland, Biomerit is a transnational network comprising some 33 partners in seven different countries.
I de første tre år af dets virke er der i BIOMERIT's regi blevet arrangeret mere end 14 udddannelsesseminarer i bioteknologi for ca. 900 deltagere.
During its first three years of activity, Biomerit organized more than 14 work shops for training in biotechnology attended by about 900 participants.
Et af de mest originale aspekter ved BIOMERIT's frem gangsmåde er, at det har formået at tage hensyn til de studerendes og forskernes behov, idet det har gjort dem bekendt med arbejdet i europæiske net, men også til virksomhedernes behov, idet det har introduceret bioteknologisk innovation i land brugsbedrifter og små og mellemstore virk somheder.
One of Biomerit's original approaches is that they have managed to take account of not only the needs of the students, who are familiar with working in European networks, but also those of the businesses, so that they can introduce biotechnological innovations into agricultural holdings and SMEs.
I Brescia i Italien besluttede en landbrugsvirksomhed (7 ansatte), der var i økonomiske vanskeligheder (bedriften var urentabel på trods af sine 265 ha. jord), at omstrukturere og modernisere sine anlæg.
The project's target audience are those responsible for quality in the businesses belonging to the consortium.
Den blev stillet over for kravet om at producere fødevarer uden kemikalier og tilsætningsstoffer for at tilfredsstille efter spørgslen.
A set of distance-training material and case studies on video have been produced.
Virksomheden måtte derfor ind drage bioteknologi i sine produktionsmetoder. der.
These case studies show how businesses have success fully used and practised quality in their organizations.
Bedriftsindehaverne deltog i et seminar for landbrugere om afgrødebeskyttelse, der blev afholdt i Irland. På dette veltilrettelagte seminar lærte de italienske landbru-
In Brescia in Italy, for example, an agricultural firm in difficulty, employing seven people (non-viable agricultural holding despite its 265 hectares etc.), decided to change and modernize its plant.
') Jf. grønbøgerne om ophavsret og beslægtede rettigheder i informationssamfundet og brugsmønstre (1995).
See the Green Papers on copyright and related rights in the information society and on utility models (1995).
kvalitetsstyringsprogrammer.
Innovators are seen as a nuisance.
Kvalitetsstyring (FORCE­programmet)
D Lack of anticipation.
Et konsortium af spanske, irske og portugi­siske virksomheder har udarbejdet et uddannelsesprogram, der skal sætte euro­pæiske SMV'er i stand til at implementere
Some progress has, however, been made recently in these fields at both national and Community level:
Der er udviklet et sæt materialer til fjernundervisning og videoer med »case­studies«, som. viser, hvorledes en række virksomheder gør brug af kvalitetsstyring i tilrettelæggelsen af deres arbejde.
— Certain countries (Germany, the United Kingdom and France) have recently set up large­scale forecasting schemes (Delphi, Foresight) with the help of experts, the aim being to predict technologies which are just over the horizon, as well as their potential applications.
Innovationsorienteret forskning
The separation between civil and defence research did not make the diffusion of technology developed for defence purposes easy.
I forbindelse med forskning og udvikling, der er en væsentlig bestanddel i innovation, har Europa fire store handicap:
It appears necessary nowadays to go beyond the separations between these two domains, as a number of technologies can have two uses (the so-called dual technologies). nologies).
Virksomhedernes interne udgifter til ikke-mili-tær forskning og udvikling (dvs. den forskning, der rent faktisk udføres i virksomhederne, uanset finansieringskilde) androg i 1992 ca. 1,3% af bruttonationalproduktet i Europa mod over 1,9% i USA og Japan.
— At Community level, efforts at focusing and coordination and technology watch have just been re-launched. Examples of this are the task forces which have been set up and the founding of the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies in Seville and the ETAN network (European technology assessment network).
I Europa blev 12,5% finansieret af det offentlige mod over 20% i USA og kun 1,2% i Japan (se tabel 1 la i bilag IV).
Moreover, as announced in its recent communication on international research cooperation, the Commission is to increase the number of scientific advisers posted to foreign delegations by internal redeployment.
EU anvender en mindre andel af sit bruttonationalprodukt på forskning og udvikling end sine vigtigste konkurrenter, nemlig 2% i 1993 mod 2,7% for USA's og Japans vedkommende.
Technological flows even tend to reverse: civilian markets increasingly play a driving role in the development of dualuse technologies and the defence sector is led to use technologies with civil origins.
I forhold til Japan er forskellen blevet tre gange større siden 1981.
Progress is still needed, however.