natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I hvidbogen understreges sammenhængen mellem fri bevægelighed for kapital og fri bevægelighed for finansielle tjenesteydelser.
The scope of these liberalization measures goes beyond the obligations of the Europe Agreement and represents a liberal approach to the movement of capital.
Letlands reserver af udenlandsk valuta faldt i 1995 som følge af krisen i banksektoren.
The banking sector in Latvia has largely recovered from the 1995 crisis.
I 1996 var der en stor indstrømning af kapital, hvilket bragte landets officielle internationale reserver op på 518 mio. ECU i september 1996, dvs. over det niveau, de havde før krisen.
To avoid any repeat of this crisis, new prudential legislation has been introduced limiting high-risk credit, increasing required bank capital, preventing excessive credit concentration and strengthening the supervisory capacity of the Bank of Latvia.
Statens involvering i de internationale finansmarkeder er begrænset ved de restriktioner, der er indført for gælden til udlandet og for den samlede offentlige gæld.
In line with the policy of suspending licences of banks which do not comply with strengthened regulations, the licences of 12 banks were revoked in 1996. This has reduced the total number of banks in operation.
1 henhold til loven om statsbudgettet skal der hver år fastsættes maksimumsbeløb herfor.
Seventy-five per cent of the banking sector is in private hands, of which 40 % is accounted for by foreign ownership.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
Following the amendments enabling foreigners to participate fully in the privatization process, the securities market has experienced an upswing.
I hvidbogen tilskyndes der til en trinvis liberalisering af kapitalbevægelserne, begyndende med over førsler af mellem- og langfristet kapital, derefter overførsler i forbindelse med handelstransaktioner og til sidst overførsler af kortfristet kapital.
This development is likely to continue taking into account the planned privatization of a number of large companies. Also the macroeconomic stability which was recognized by the recent credit rating should contribute to increased investments.
Man har afskaffet næsten alle restriktioner for kapitaloverførsler.
The presence of foreign banks is gradually increasing.
I januar 1997 lempede man restriktionerne for udenlandske virksomheders køb af jord.
Average interest rate spread in banking decreased to 10-15%.
Selskaber, hvori udlændinge har aktiemajoriteten, kan købe jord, forudsat at de pågældende udlændinges hjemland har indgået en aftale med Letland om gensidig beskyttelse af investeringer.
At present, the Bank of Latvia in collaboration with EC PHARE is working on a new payment and settlement system's project to provide for real-time gross settlement in full conformity with EU requirements.
Denne liberalisering ligger ud over det, der kræves i Europaaftalerne, og repræsenterer en meget liberal holdning til frie kapitalbevægelser.
Latvia has introduced current account convertibility and almost complete liberalization of capital movements and should be able to abolish remaining restrictions in the medium term.
Letland har ingen valutarestriktioner for betalinger ne over de løbende poster og kapitaloverførsler til og fra landet.
Deals on the Stock Exchange can be conducted by members only.
Fysisk ind- og udførsel af finansielle aktiver er fri.
Free movement of services
Borgere i Letland kan frit gøre brug af finansielle tjenesteydelser i udlandet. Den lettiske valuta er fuld konvertibel med hensyn til transaktioner vedrørende de løbende poster.
Investment services on a professional basis may be provided by investment firms, insurance undertakings and credit institutions duly licensed by their respective supervisory authorities.
Efter visse lovændringer, der har givet udlændinge bedre mulighed for at deltage fuldt ud i privatiseringsprocessen, har der været et opsving i markedet for værdipapirer.
The laws on securities and the law on the securities-market commission meet most but not all the requirements of the relevant EC regulations.
Det er sandsynligt, at denne udvikling kommer til at fortsætte takket være den planlagte privatisering af en række store virksomheder.
The Securities-Market Commission was formed in 1996 in order to ensure the development and stability of the market.
Den makroøkonomiske stabilitet, der afspejles i den seneste vurdering af kreditværdigheden, forventes også at bidrage til en større investering.
Its Council is appointed for a seven-year period by the Parliament, which ensures its independence. Tasks of this body include the protection of investors' interests and licensing of market participants.
Udenlandske direkte investeringer og porteføljeinvesteringer er underlagt Letlands lov om uden landsk investering (senest ændret i april 1996), der sikrer udenlandske investorer samme rettigheder og forpligtelser som landets egne borgere.
The free movement of services functions through exercise of the right of establishment and the crossborder provision of services.
Alle krav om anmeldelse af udenlandske direkte investeringer blev afskaffet i foråret 1996, og det samme gælder restriktionerne for udenlandske investorers flertalsinteresser i bestemte sektorer.
Its foundations are the prohibition of discrimination, in particular on grounds of nationality, and rules on the alignment of divergent national legislation.
Udenlandske investorers deltagelse i privatiseringsprocessen er blevet fremmet ved, at man i begyndelsen af 1996 afskaffede restriktionerne på udlændinges køb af privatiseringscertifikater, og ved at man fremskyndede selve privatiseringsprocessen.
These rules often concern both the right of establishment, which comes under the heading of the free movement of persons, and the freedom to provide services.
Udlændinge, hvis hjemland har indgået aftale med Letland om investeringsbeskyttelse, har ret til at købe jord i for bindelse med udøvelse af økonomisk aktivitet.
Their implementation implies the establishment of administrative structures (banking control boards, audiovisual control authorities, regulatory bodies) and greater cooperation between Member States in the area of enforcement (mutual recognition arrangements).
Fri bevægelighed for tjenesteydelser
EC rules on calculation of solvency of margin were adopted in 1993.
Den frie bevægelighed for tjenesteydelser består i fri etableringsret og fri levering af tjenesteydelser
A substantial amount of the legislation applicable to the free movement of services relates to financial services.
1 løbet af perioden fra 1991 til 1995 er der gjort en stor indsats for at tiltrække udenlandsk direkte investering for dermed at fremme Letlands erhvervsliv og industribase. Det samlede tal for perioden 1990-1996 er på 470 mio. ECU.
It also concerns the problems relating to the opening-up of national markets in the sectors traditionally dominated by monopolies, e.g. telecommunications and, to a certain extent, energy and transport.
Rigas børs er et almennyttigt aktieselskab, der ejes af forretningsbanker og finansinstitutioner.
Foreign insurance companies in Latvia function widely under the same regulations as local insurers.
Værdi papirlovene og loven om kommissionen for værdi papirmarkeder opfylder stort set, om end ikke helt, kravene i EF's forordninger på dette felt.
the Latvian legislation and improve the degree of compatibility between Latvian and EU legislation.
Markedskoncentrationen er meget høj i forsikringssektoren. sektoren.
The most important remaining difficulty is the strengthening of the banking sector in order for it to function as a financial intermediary supporting domestic investments.
En stor del af lovgivningen om fri bevægelighed for tjenesteydelser vedrører de finansielle tjenesteydelser, samt problemerne i forbindelse med åbningen af de nationale markeder i traditionelt monopoldominerede sektorer såsom telekommunikation og i en vis udstrækning energi og transport.
If such strengthening does occur in the forthcoming years, there should be no major problem integrating the Latvian financial services system into the EU in the medium term.
To nye lovforslag, et om forsikringstilsyn og et om forsikringskontrakter, er på vej gennem lovgiv ningsprocessen.
Latvia can be considered to be well advanced in harmonizing its banking legislation to Community requirements.
EF's bestemmelser om beregning af solvensmarginer og avance blev vedtaget i 1993.
Of the White Paper Stage I measures, Latvia has implemented the first banking directive, own funds directive and the solvency directive.
En lov, der tager udgangspunkt i EF's direktiv om forsikring af motorkøretøjer, træder i kraft til sep tember 1997.
Regarding the two other Stage I measures — a deposit guarantee scheme and a money-laundering law — drafts are currently in the legislative process.
I 1991 blev der i Finansministeriet oprettet en myndighed for forsikringstilsyn.
As a consequence of the current lack of resources in the financial sector, the minimum deposit guarantee amount foreseen by Community legislation cannot be met, but will be gradually increased in the coming years to reach the required level by the end of 1999.
Udenlandske forsikringsselskaber i Letland har stort set samme reguleringsvilkår som lokale for sikringsselskaber.
As for Stage II measures, the large exposure directive and the second banking directive have been fully implemented except for the single licence principle, whilst the consolidated supervision directive, the banks' accounts directive and the capital adequacy directive are due to be implemented in 1997-98.
Letlands banksektor er stort set kommet sig oven på krisen i 1995.
Increases in the capital base and bank profitability are early signs of stabilization in the banking sector.
Til imødegåelse af en gentagelse af en sådan krise har man vedtaget en ny lovgiv ning, hvori der er fastsat grænser for långivning forbundet med stor risiko, krav om større bankkapital, forbud mod for stor kreditkoncentration og styrkelse af Den Lettiske Banks tilsynskapacitet.
The intermediation role of the banking sector is, however, still hampered by high lending. Increased foreign direct investment and the introduction of legislation on collateral are assumed to help improve the situation.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
The free movement of persons encompasses two concepts with different logical implications in the Treaty.
Det er fast politik, at banker, der ikke overholder de skærpede regulativer, får deres tilladelse til at drive virksomhed inddraget: I 1996 har man således ind draget tolv bankers tilladelse.
On the one hand, Article 7a in Part One of the Treaty on 'Principles' mentions the concept in connection with the establishment of the internal market and implies that persons are not to be subject to controls when crossing the internal frontiers between the Member States.
Hermed er antallet af fungerende banker faldet.
The abolition of frontier checks must apply to all persons, whatever their nationality, if Article 7a is not to be meaningless.
75 % af banksektoren er på private hænder med omkring 40 % i udenlandsk eje.
While the rights deriving from Article 8a apply in all Member States, those stemming from Article 7a have not yet been fully applied throughout the Union.
Bankernes gennemsnitsrente er faldet og ligger nu mellem 10 % og 15 %.
The remaining requirements of Stage I and Stage II directives will be implemented by 1 January 1998.
Den Lettiske Bank samarbejder for øjeblikket med EF's PHARE-pro-gram om indførelse af et nyt betalings- og afregningssystem, der skulle give mulighed for øjeblikkelig bruttoafregning, som det kræves i EU's bestemmelser.
This will mean full implementation of the directives on insider dealing and on stock exchange list ings. Investment companies and pension funds are regulated by the law on joint stock companies.
Kun medlemmer af børsen kan gennemføre børs forretninger.
A law on investment is under preparation.
Det kan konstateres, at Letland er langt fremme med hensyn til at harmonisere banklovgivningen til de krav, der stilles i Fællesskabet.
(a) Free movement of Union citizens, freedom of establishment and mutual recognition of diplomas and qualifications
Af de foranstaltninger, der henføres under fase I i hvidbogen, har Letland gennemført det første bankdirektiv, direktivet om egenkapital, og solvensdirektivet.
In the insurance sector, direct branching by EU companies is not permitted, owing to a lack of supervision capacities.
Hvad angår de to øvrige foranstaltninger, der indgår i fase I, dvs. en indskudsgarantiordning og en lov om hvidvask af penge, er der lovgivningsforslag under vejs.
Also, guarantee fund requirements applicable to mutual associations are considered to be impossible to meet for the moment.
Som følge af den nuværende mangel på res sourcer i finanssektoren, kan det minimumskrav, der er fastsat i Fællesskabets lovgivning med hen syn til indskudsgarantier, endnu ikke opfyldes, men det forventes at dette krav gradvis vil blive bedre og bedre opfyldt i løbet af de kommende år, således at det fastsatte niveau er nået ved udgangen af 1999.
On 9 December 1996, Latvian legislation transposed the requirements of Directive 91/674/EEC on annual and consolidated accounts of insurance companies into the standard rules for the annual reports of insurance companies.
For så vidt angår foranstaltningerne under fase II, har man allerede opfyldt direktivet om store risici og det 2. bankdirektiv, når man lige ser bort fra princippet om enkelttilladelse. Direktivet om kon-
New laws on insurance and insurance contracts are being prepared to remove present deficiencies in
Professionelle tjenesteydelser inden for investering kan fås hos investeringsvirksomheder, forsikringsvirksomheder og kreditinstitutioner, som har tilladelse fra deres respektive tilsynsmyndigheder.
It covers the possibility of cumulating or transferring social security rights, and encourages Member States to conclude bilateral agreements with Latvia on access to labour markets.
Fri bevægelighed for personer solideringstilsyn, direktivet om bankregnskaber og direktivet om kapitalkrav planlægges gennemfort i 1997-1998.
The White Paper considers the legislative require ments in order to achieve a harmonious develop ment of the labour market, whilst simultaneously preventing distortions of competition.
Banksektorens formidlingsrolle hæmmes imidlertid fortsat af en høj udlånsrente.
As described above, exceptions are being made for foreign nationals representing key personnel.
Man for venter, at denne situation forbedres med den øgede direkte investering fra udlandet og indførelsen af lovgivningen om sikkerhedsstillelse.
Such provisions will have to be adapted to similar provisions in the Europe Agreement, once it enters into force.
Den frie bevægelighed for personer omfatter rettigheder, der er fastlagt to forskellige steder i traktaten.
The free movement of workers is one of the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Treaty; freedom to practise certain professions (e.g. in the legal and health fields) may, however, be subject to certain conditions, such as qualifications.
For det første er det fastsat i artikel 7 A i første del af traktaten — dvs. i »Princip«-delen vedrørende oprettelsen af et indre marked — at der er fri passage af EU's indre grænser.
Depending on the case, these may be dealt with through coordination or by applying the principle of mutual recognition.
For det andet giver artikel 8 A i traktatens anden del om EU-borger-skabet alle EU-borgere en personlig ret til på visse vilkår frit at færdes og opholde sig på medlemsstaternes område.
Freedom of establishment is also guaranteed under the Treaty and covers the economic activity of self-employed natural persons and companies.
Afskaffelsen af grænsekontrollen gælder for alle personer uanset nationalitet, da artikel 7 A ellers ville være uden virkning.
Regarding mutual recognition of professional qualifications, cooperation with experts from EU countries will be necessary to ensure conformity of the duration and structures of the relevant courses and a very sustained and intensive implementation of reforms will be needed if the acquis is to be taken up in the medium term.
De rettigheder, der gives i artikel 8 A, er indført i alle med lemsstater, hvorimod de rettigheder, der følger af artikel 7 A, endnu ikke er gennemført fuldstændigt på EU-plan.
It must, however, be taken into account that the reforms of specific education al structures, by their nature, will take several years to implement.
Hvad angår lovgivningen om værdipapirer, har man delvist gennemført direktiverne under fase I. De øvrige krav i direktiverne under fase I og II bliver opfyldt inden den 1. januar 1998.
The free choice of place of residence may thus be subject to minimum conditions as to resources and health insurance where the person docs not exercise a profession in the country concerned.
Hermed er direktiverne om insider-handel og om optagelse af værdipapirer til notering på fondsbørser fuldt implementeret.
A number of changes will have to be introduced in order to comply with the acquis on free movement of persons.
Investeringsselskaber og pensionsfonde er reguleret i loven om aktieselskaber. En investeringslov er under udarbejdelse.
As regards mutual recognition of pro fessional qualifications, the preparation of the necessary legislative and enforcement measures will need to be very much intensified and sustained if they are to be in place in the mid-term perspective.
a) Fri bevægelighed for EU-borgere, etableringsfrihed og gensidig anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser og kvalifikationer
(b) Abolition of checks on persons at internal frontiers
For så vidt angårforsikringssektoren, bør det nævnes, at EU-selskaber ikke har tilladelse til direkte at etablere filialer, da den fornødne tilsynskapacitet ikke er til stede.
Foreign nationals may have access to the Latvian labour market only after having obtained a work permit and a limited residence permit for a period specified in the employment agreement.
Det skønnes endvidere, at det for øjeblikket er umuligt at opfylde de krav om garantifonde, der gælder for gensidige selskaber.
A work permit can be obtained if the vacant employment position has been registered with the local branch of the State Employment Service for one month without having been filled and provided that no unemployed persons with relevant qualifications have been registered.
Den 9. december 1996 blev Letlands lovgivning udvidet med bestemmelser om forsikringsselskabers årsrapporter.
This procedure does not apply to managers, directors of subdivisions, foreign experts or foreign contractual workers and special ists under certain conditions.
Kravene i direktiv 91/674/EØF til forsikringsselskabernes årsregnskaber og konsoliderede regnskaber er hermed tilgodeset.
In the case of a limited residence permit, this permit shall also be granted to the family members of the foreign national or stateless person.
I Europaaftalen fastslås det, at lovligt ansatte arbejdstagere (og deres familier) ikke må udsættes for forskelsbehandling.
The free movement of persons within the meaning of Article 7a of the EC Treaty, i.e. the abolition of checks on all persons, whatever their nationality, at the internal frontiers has not yet been fully implemented in the Union.
I henhold til aftalen er der mulighed for at kumulere eller overføre sociale sikringsrettigheder, og medlemsstaterne tilskyndes til at indgå bilaterale aftaler med Letland om adgang til arbejdsmarkedet.
Doing away with checks on persons is conditional on the introduction ol'a large number of accompanying measures, some of which have yet to be approved and implemented by the Member States (sec separate section on Justice and Home Affairs).
I løbet af fase II vil Associeringsrådet undersøge, om arbejdstagernes bevægelighed kan forbedres yderligere.
However, that objective has been achieved by a limited number of Member States in accordance with the Schengen Convention (seven Member States already apply it and another six are working towards implementation).
Man er i gang med at udarbejde nye love om for sikring og om forsikringskontrakter for at afhjælpe de nuværende mangler i Letlands lovgivning og til passe den til EU's.
Regarding mutual recognition of professional qualifications, the existing legislation concerning the education and training of dentists, doctors, veterinary surgeons, architects, midwives and nurses, fulfils the Community provisions only to a limited extent.
Hvidbogen behandler spørgsmålet om, hvilke lov givningsmæssige krav der er nødvendige, hvis man skal sikre en harmonisk udvikling på arbejdsmarkedet og samtidig undgå, at der opslår skævheder i konkurrencen.
Furthermore, enforcement structures have still mainly to be set up.
Den frie etableringsret garanteres ligeledes af trak taten og vedrører økonomiske aktiviteter, der udøves af fysiske personer (ikke lønmodtagere) og selskaber.
The draft Treaty aims to make that objective easier to achieve within the Union by including a new chapter on creating an area of freedom, security and justice and incorporating the Schengen acquis into the EU.
Letland er langt fremme med hensyn til finanssektorens lovgivningsmæssige aspekter, og der vil ikke være større problemer forbundet med at opfylde kravene i de vigtigste EU-direktiver i de kommen de år.
As a number of workers of different nationalities were brought into Latvia under the policy of the former Soviet Union, more than 600 000 persons are not citizens.
Det største resterende problem er, at bank væsenet må styrkes, hvis det skal kunne fungere som mellemled i Finansieringen af den indenlandske investering.
Against this background, Latvia has decided at present to avoid a large influx of immigrants and to provide for a strict control over
Sker der en sådan styrkelse i løbet af de kommende år, forventes der ikke at være alvorlige problemer forbundet med integreringen af Letlands finanssektor i EU inden for en mellemlang tidshorisont.
Latvia has stated its desire and readiness to fulfil the provisions of the Schengen acquis.
Med hensyn til det frie bopælsvalg kan der fastsættes minimumskrav om, at personer, der ikke udøver en erhvervsmæssig aktivitet i det pågældende land, skal råde over tilstrækkelige ressourcer og være dækket af en sygeforsikring.
It has begun preparations to this end and has sought assistance in this connection from Member States, notably in regard to the strengthening of border controls.
En række ændringer er nødvendige, inden Fælles skabets regelværk om fri bevægelighed for personer kan betragtes som opfyldt.
Latvia's progress in the implementation of legislation relating to the White Paper is summarized in the annex.
Hvad angår gensidig anerkendelse af faglige kvalifikationer, må arbejdet med de fornødne lovgivnings-og gennemførelsesforanstaltninger intensiveres og fremskyndes kraftigt, hvis det skal være afsluttet inden for en mellemlang tidshorisont.
The figures, supplied by Latvia, refer to Community directives and regulations, referred to in the White Paper of 3 May 1995, in respect of which Latvia considers it has adopted national implementing regulations or has checked for compatibility.
b) Afskaffelse af personkontrollen ved de indre grænser
A section of Latvia's present borders will become the Union's external frontier and this means border checks will need to be stepped up (see separate section on customs).
Der kan gives arbejdstilladelse, hvis den pågældende stilling har været opslået i den lokale afdeling af den statslige arbejdsformidling i en måned uden at være blevet besat, og der ikke er registreret arbejdsløse med de fornødne kvalifikationer.
It has in particular achieved a certain degree of alignment with Community rules in the areas of industrial proper ty rights, conformity assessments and standards and, to a certain extent, in the area of free move ment of services.
Personale i ledende stillinger, afdelingsdirektører, udenlandske eksperter og udenlandske kon traktansatte, og specialister er under visse omstændigheder ikke omfattet af denne procedure.
Legislation has been adopted in full or in part to implement most of the measures according to the Latvian authorities' assessment, though the Commission cannot at this stage express a position on its total compatibility with Community law.