natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ved dom af 24. januar 1990 fastslog conseil de prud'hommes dc Melun, at Evelyne Thibault var blevet frataget muligheden for en forfremmelse som følge af, at hun ikke var blevet bedømt.
Preliminary ruling (Competition — Vehicle distribution — Validity of exclusive dealership agreement — Article 85(1) and (3) of the EC Treaty - Regulation (EEC) No 123/85 - Regulation (EC) No 1475/95) (Sixth Chamber)
Undersøgelsen af, om en ordning som den i hovedsagen omtvistede sikrer mandlige og kvindelige arbejdstagere de samme vilkår uden forskelsbehandling på grundlag af køn, må derfor foretages på grundlag af direktivets artikel 5, stk. 1, sammenholdt med artikel 2, stk. 3.
By judgment of 20 June 19%, the Cour d'Appel (Court of Appeal), Douai, referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling three questions on the interpretation of Article 85(1) of the EC Treaty and certain provisions of Commission Regulation (EEC) No 123/85 of 12 December 1984 and of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1475/95 of 28 June 1995 (OJ 1995 L 145, p. 25).
Cour de cassation har besluttet at udsætte sagen og at forelægge Domstolen følgende spørgsmål om, hvorvidt »direktiv 76/207 af 9. februar 1976 skal fortolkes således, at de indeholder et forbud mod at fratage en kvinde retten til at blive underkastet en faglig bedømmelse og dermed muligheden for at opnå en forfremmelse, fordi hun har været fraværende fra tjenesten på grund af barselsorlov?«
reasons for which the contracting parties may be released from the obligation not to compete, (ii) prevents the dealer from selling new cars of any other make, even at commercial premises separate from those at which the contract goods are offered for sale and (iii) imposes on the distributor a fixed sales target set by the manufacturer, failure to achieve which is penalised by alteration of the territory conceded, withdrawal of the exclusive dealership or termination of the dealership agreement.
Endvidere bemærkes, at direktivet tillader udfærdigelse af nationale bestemmelser, der sikrer kvinder særlige rettigheder i forbindelse med graviditet og moderskab, som f.eks. barselorlov.
Those questions were raised in unfair competition proceedings brought by Cabour SA ('Cabour') and Nord Distribution Automobile SA ('NDA'), supported by Automobiles Peugeot SA ('Peugeot') and Automobiles Citroën SA ('Citroen'), against Arnor 'SOCO' SARL ('Amor').
Forbuddet mod forskelsbehandling indebærer, at en kvindelig arbejdstager som i kraft af sin arbejdskontrakt fortsætter med at være ansat hos arbejdsgiveren, mens hun har barselsorlov, ikke må fratages retten til de af sine arbejdsvilkår, som gælder såvel for kvindelige som mandlige arbejdstagere, og som beror på arbejdsforholdet til arbejdsgiveren.
As regards the first part of this question, it must be borne in mind that under Article 5(2)(l)(a) and (b) of Regulation No 123/85, exemption in respect of an obligation not to sell new vehicles other than those within the contract programme or not to make such vehicles the subject of a distribution and servicing agreement is subject to the condition that the parties provide that it is possible for them to be released from their respective obligations by adducing objectively valid reasons.
Såfremt en kvindelig arbejdstager under sådanne omstændigheder, som foreligger i hovedsagen, fratages retten til at blive underkastet en årlig bedømmelse, vil hun følgelig blive forskelsbehandlet alene i sin egenskab af arbejdstager, da hun ville være blevet bedømt for det pågældende år og dermed ville have haft mulighed for at blive forfremmet, hvis ikke hun havde været gravid og havde taget den barselsorlov, som hun var berettiget til.
Cabour and NDA are sole dealers in Douai for Citroën and Peugeot cars respectively. Considering that Arnor, which does not belong to any car manufacturer's distribution network, had engaged in unfair competitive practices and in unlawful and misleading advertising, in that it too sold new cars of those makes, Cabour and NDA brought an action before the Tribunal de Commerce (Commercial Court), Douai, seeking an order that Arnor pay them damages and an injunction restraining it from carrying on its business.
Den herved i direktivet anerkendte beskyttelse har til formål at sikre gennemførelsen af princippet om ligebehandling af mænd og kvinder såvel for så vidt angår adgang til stillinger som for så vidt angår arbejdsvilkår.
Those provisions do no more than lay down the principle that the parties must state in the agreement that it is possible for them to be released from the obligation not to compete by advancing evidence of such objectively valid reasons, but the agreement need not necessarily contain an exhaustive list of the reasons which may be put forward.
Kvinders udnyttelse af deres rettigheder må derfor ikke medføre, at de stilles ringere i deres adgang til stillinger eller i deres arbejdsvilkår.
By judgment of 16 June 1994, the Tribunal de Commerce, Douai, found against the appellants, the applicants in the main proceedings, on the ground that the exclusive Peugeot and Citroën dealership contracts were incompatible with Regulation No 123/85, and thus could not be relied on as against Arnor.
Direktivet tilsigter på dette punkt en reel og ikke en formel ligestilling.
Cabour and NDA appealed against that judgment.
Retten for enhver ansat til at blive underkastet en årlig bedømmelse og dermed til at have mulighed for at blive forfremmet er et arbejdsvilkår i direktivets artikel 5, stk. l's forstand på linje med de øvrige vilkår, der gælder ifølge den ansattes arbejdskontrakt.
As regards the second part of the first question, it must be noted that Article 3(3) of Regulation No 123/85 allows a manufacturer to require a dealer neither to sell new vehicles which compete with the contract goods nor to sell, at the premises used for the distribution of the contract goods, new vehicles offered for supply by other manufacturers.
Det hedder i domskonklusionen:
The first question
»Artikel 2, stk 3, og artikel 5, stk 1, i Rådets direktiv 76/207/EØF af 9. februar 1976 om gennemførelse af princippet om ligebehandling af mænd og kvinder for så vidt angår adgang lü beskæftigebe, erhvervsuddannelse, forfremmelse samt arbejdsvilkår er til hinder for en national ordning som fratager en kvinde retten til at blive underkastet en faglig bedømmelse og dermed muligheden for al opnå en forfremmebe, fordi hun har været fraværende fra tjenesten på grund af barselsorlov.*
Having regard to the general principle prohibiting anticompetitive agreements laid down in Article 85(1) of the Treaty, provisions in a block exemption regulation which derogate from that principle cannot be interpreted widely and cannot be construed in such a way as to extend the effects of the regulation beyond what is necessary to protect the interests which they are intended to safeguard.
Generaladvokat D. Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Sjette Afdeling) den 9. januar 1997.
As regards the first part of this question, it suffices to note that Article 3(3) of Regulation No 1475/95 expressly states that the exemption applies to the obligation not to sell new motor vehicles of a different make except on separate sales premises, under separate management, in the form of a distinct legal entity and in a manner which avoids confusion between makes.
Han foreslog Domstolen at give følgende besvarelse:
That interpretation applies even if the dealer may put forward objectively valid reasons as provided for in Article 5(2).
Præjudiciel »Konkurrence salg af automobiler gyldigheden af en eneforhandlingsaftale — EF-iraktatens artikel 85, stk. 1 og 3 — forordning (EØF) nr. 123/85 - forordning (EØF) nr. /475I95* (Sjette Afdeling)
If sales targets are to be covered by the provision, they must not only represent simply an obligation to use best endeavours, but must also be determined by common agreement between the parties or, where they disagree, by an expert third party.
Ved dom af 20. juni 19% har Cour d'appel de Douai forelagt tre præjudicielle spørgsmål vedrørende fortolkningen af EF-traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1, og visse bestemmelser i Kommissionens forordning (EØF) nr. 123/85 af 12. december 1984 og Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 1475/95 af 28. juni 1995.
Article 5(2) of Regulation No 123/85, furthermore, prescribes timelimits for terminating contracts and Article 5(4) allows the parties to terminate the agreement for cause.
Cabour og Nord Distribution Automobile er eneforhandlere i Douai af henholdsvis bilmærket Citroen og bilmærket Peugeot.
It follows that, where a dealer has failed to meet the sales target set because it is in breach of its duty to use its best endeavours, Regulation No 123/85 does not prohibit penalties, which may extend to termination of the agreement.
Da de to selskaber var af den opfattelse, at Amor, der ikke er tilsluttet nogen bilfabrikants salgsnet, havde udøvet illoyal konkurrence og gjort ulovlig og falsk reklame ved at sælge nye køretøjer af de pågældende mærker, anlagde de sag ved Tribunal de commerce de Douai med påstand om, at Arnor tilpligtedes at betale erstatning og pålagdes at ophøre med denne virksomhed.
By its third question, the national court is in substance asking whether the prohibition laid down by Article 85(1) of the Treaty applies to a motor vehicle dealership contract if that contract is not covered by the block exemption.
Ved dom af 16. juni 1994 frifandt Tribunal de commerce de Douai de sagsøgte i hovedsagen med den begrundelse, at cncforhandlingskontraktcrne med Peugeot og Citroën var uforenelige med forordning nr.
By its second question, the national court seeks in essence to ascertain whether the answers to the second and third parts of the first question also hold good for the corresponding provisions of Regulation No 1475/95.
Spørgsmålene er blevet rejst under en retssag vedrørende illoyal konkurrence, som er anlagt af Cabour SA (herefter »Cabour«) og Nord Distribution Automobile SA (herefter »Nord Distribution Automobile«), støttet af Automobiles Peugeot SA (herefter »Peugeot«) og Automobiles Citroen SA (herefter »Citroen«), mod Arnor »SOCO« SARL (herefter »Arnor«).
Regulation No 123/85, like Regulation No 1475/95, as regulations applying Article 85(3) of the Treaty, are limited to providing economic agents in the motor vehicle industry with certain
123/85, og derfor ikke kunne gøres gældende over for Arnor.
However, an agreement cannot be examined in isolation from the factual or legal circumstances causing it to prevent, restrict or distort competition.
Cabour og Nord Distribution Automobile iværksatte appel af denne dom.
In that context, the existence of similar contracts is a circumstance which, together with others, is capable of being a factor in the economic and legal context within which the contract must be judged.
123/85 giver fabrikanten ret til at pålægge forhandleren ikke at sælge nye køretøjer, som konkurrerer med aftalevarerne, og ikke i forretningslokaler, hvor aftalevarerne udbydes til salg, at sælge nye motorkøretøjer fra andre fabrikanter.
possibilities enabling them to remove their distribution and servicing agreements from the scope of the prohibition contained in Article 85(1) despite the inclusion in those agreements of certain types of exclusivity and no-competition clauses.
Da Cour d'appel de Douai fandt, at afgørelsen af hovedsagen afhang af fortolkningen af fællesskabsretten, besluttede den at udsætte sagen og forelægge Domstolen tre præjudicielle spørgsmål.
However, the provisions of the exempting regulations do not compel economic agents to make use of those possibilities.
Det første spørgsmål
Nor do they have the effect of amending the content of such an agreement or of rendering it void where all the conditions laid down in the regulation are not satisfied.
Under hensyn til det generelle forbud mod konkurrencebegrænsende aftaler i traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1, må undtagelsesbestemmelserne i en gruppefritagelsesforordning ikke fortolkes udvidende og kan ikke fortolkes således, at forordningens virkninger udstrækkes ud over, hvad der er nødvendigt for at beskytte de interesser, som de har til formål at sikre.
If the national court should declare one or more of the clauses in the contract void, it must be added that, as the Court has held, the consequences, for all other parts of the agreement or for other obligations flowing from it, of the fact that those contractual provisions which are incompatible with Article 85(1) are automatically void are not a matter for Community law.
Undtagelsen i henhold til forordningens artikel 3, nr. 3, omfatter således ikke eneforhandlerens eventuelle forpligtelse til ikke i andre forretningslokaler end dem, hvor aftalevarerne udbydes til salg, at sælge nye motorkøretøjer, der udbydes af andre end fabrikanten.
It is therefore also for the national court to determine, in accordance with the relevant national law, the extent and consequences, for the contractual relation as a whole, of the nullity of certain contractual provisions by virtue of Article 85(2).
Forhandlernes mulighed for at påberåbe sig sagligt rimelige grunde indebærer udelukkende, at disse har ret til i tilfælde, hvor der foreligger sagligt rimelige grunde, at sælge motorkøretøjer af et andet, men ikke konkurrerende, mærke i samme salgslokaler, som aftalevarernes sælges fra.
Where an agreement does not satisfy all the conditions provided for by an exempting regulation, it will be caught by the prohibition laid down by Article 85(1) only if its object or effect is perceptibly to restrict competition within the common market and it is capable of affecting trade between Member States.
Denne mulighed kan derimod ikke fortolkes således, at det skal godtgøres, at der foreligger sagligt rimelige grunde for at kunne sælge køretøjer, der leveres af andre end fabrikanten, i andre forretningslokaler end dem, hvori aftalevarerne sælges.
It is for the national court to determine, on the basis of all the evidence at its disposal and in the light of the economic and legal context surrounding the agreement, whether in the case pending before it those conditions are satisfied.
De pågældende bestemmelser opstiller blot et princip om, at parterne i aftalen skal gøre det muligt at frigøre hinanden forpligtelsen til ikke at konkurrere mod at godtgøre, at der foreligger sådanne sagligt rimelige grunde, uden at det dog kræves, at aftalen skal indeholde en udtømmende liste over de grunde, der kan påberåbes.
On a proper construction of Article 3(3) and 5(2) of Regulation No 123/85, the exemption granted by the regulation does not apply to a clause in a contract which, unless there are objectively valid reasons, prevents the dealer from selling new vehicles of any other make, even at commercial premises separate from those at which the contract goods are offered for sale.
Det fremgår heraf, dels at muligheden for at fastsætte salgsmål er udtrykkeligt foreskrevet i forordning nr. 123/85, dels at eneforhandlerens forpligtelse til at opnå det pågældende mål ikke kan bestå i mere end en simpel forpligtelse til at anvende bestemte midler.
On a proper construction of Articles 4(1)(3) and 5(2)(2) and (3) of Regulation No 123/85, the exemption granted by the regulation applies to a clause in a contract which imposes on a dealer a fixed sales target and provides for penalties, extending to termination of the contract if the target is not met, provided, however, that the sales target represents simply an obligation to use best endeavours.
salgsmål ikke kun være udtryk for en simpel forpligtelse til at anvende bestemte midler, men salgsmålene skal desuden aftales mellem parterne eller i tilfælde af uenighed mellem dem fastsættes af en uvildig sagkyndig.
On a proper construction of Articles 3(3) and 5(2) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1475/95 of 28 June 1995 on the application of Article 85 (3) of the Treaty to certain categories of motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements, the exemption grunted by the regulation does not apply to a clause in a contract which, unless Ûure an objectively valid reasons, prevents the dealer from selling new vehicles of any other make, even at commercial premises separate from those at which the contract goods are offered forsale.
Det bemærkes endvidere, at artikel 5, stk. 2, i forordning nr. 123/85 foreskriver frister for opsigelse af aftalen, og at artikel 5, stk. 4, tillægger parterne ret til at opsige aftalen ekstraordinært.
On a proper construction of Articles 4(1)(3) and 5(2) and (3) of Regulation No 1475/95, the exemption granted by the regulation applies to a clause in a contract which imposes on a dealer a fixed sales target and provides for penalties, which may extend to termination of the contract if the target is not met, provided, however, that the sales target represents simply an obligation to use best endeavours and is determined by common agreement between the parties or, where they disagree, by an expert third party.
Det andet spørgsmål
He proposed that the Court reply as follows:
Med sit andet spørgsmål ønsker den forelæggende ret nærmere bestemt oplyst, om svarene på det første spørgsmåls andet og tredje led tillige gælder for de tilsvarende bestemmelser i forordning nr. 1475/95.
On a proper construction of Commission Regulation No 123/85 of 12 December 1984, the exemption which it grants:
Hvad angår dette spørgsmåls første led, er det tilstrækkeligt at bemærke, at artikel 3, nr. 3, i forordning nr. 1475/95 udtrykkeligt bestemmer, at fritagelsen gælder forpligtelsen til kun at sælge nye motorkøretøjer af et andet mærke i særskilte salgslokaler med egen administration, der i retlig henseende udgør en særskilt enhed, og således at enhver sammenblanding af mærker er udelukket.
(1) applies to an exclusive dealership agreement which does not exemplify the objectively vlaid reasons mentioned in Article 5(2)(l)(a) and (b) and 5(3), provided that the agreement provides that it is possible to exclude the obligation not to compete laid down in those provisions in a situation in which one party proves that there are objectively valid reasons which apply without discrimination to undertakings in comparable situations;
Bestemmelserne i fritagelscsforordningerne pålægger imidlertid ikke de erhvervsdrivende at udnytte disse muligheder, ligesom de heller ikke indebærer, at indholdet af en sådan aftale ændres eller bliver ugyldigt, hvis de i forordningerne angivne betingelser ikke er opfyldt.
(2) does not cover a clause in a contract which, unless the existence is proved of objectively valid reasons which did not exist when the contract was concluded, excludes all possibility for the dealer to sell new vehicles offered for supply by other manufacturers, even at commercial premises separate from those at which the contract goods are offered for sale;
Det tilkommer den forelæggende ret på grundlag af samtlige de oplysninger, den råder over, og under hensyntagen til den økonomiske og retlige sammenhæng, hvori i aftalen indgår, at afgøre, om disse betingelser er opfyldt i den sag, som er indbragt for den.
(3) applies to a clause which imposes sales targets on a dealer, provided that this obligaiton is not one of result and that the targets are set fairly and reasonably; it is for the national court to determine these factors.
Det bemærkes dernæst, at artikel 4, stk. 1, nr. 3, i forordning nr. 1475/95 indfører en supplerende betingelse i forhold til samme nummer i forordning nr. 123/85.
On a proper construction of Commission Regulation No 1475/95 of 28 June 1995, the exemption which it grants:
aftaler en omstændighed, der sammen med andre kan danne den økonomiske og retlige sammenhæng, hvori aftalen bør bedømmes.
(1) does not cover a clause in an agreement which excludes the possibility for the dealer to sell new vehicles offered for supply by other manufacturers, even at commercial premises separate from those at which the contract goods are offered for sale;
Det bemærkes — såfremt den forelæggende ret fastslår, at en eller flere kontraktsklausuler er ugyldige — at i henhold til Domstolens praksis — skal retsvirkningerne af ugyldigheden af aftalebestemmelser, der er uforenelige med artikel 85, stk. 1, for aftalen i øvrigt og for andre heraf følgende forpligtelser ikke bedømmes efter fællesskabsretten.
(2) does not cover a clause in an agreement which allows the supplier unilaterally to fix sales targets but does not provide for any action to be taken by a third party or an arbitrator in the event of disagreement between the parties concerning the alteration of the contract territory and/or the withdrawal of the dealer's exclusive dealership on the ground of his failure to meet those targets.
Det hedder i domskonklusionen:
Oldage and retirement pensions — Method of
*1) Artikel 5, stk 2, nr. 1, litra a) og b), i Kommissionens forordning (EØF) nr. 123/85 af 12. december 1984 om anvendelse af traktatens artikel 85, stk 3, på kategorier af salgsog serviceaftaler vedrørende motorkøretøjer skal fortolkes således, at fritageben i henhold til forordningen finder anvendelse på en klausul i en eneforhandlingsaftale, som er begrænset til at foreskrive, at parterne med henblik på at frigøre hinanden for deres respektive forpligteber til ikke at konkurrere kan påberåbe sig sagligt rimelige grunde uden nærmere at angive, hvori disse kan bestå.
Since it was uncertain whether the 1990 Law, as amended by the interpretative law, was compatible with Community law, the Court of Cassation stayed proceedings and referred the three questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling:
Artikel 3, nr. 3, og artikel 5, stk 2, i forordning nr. 123/85 skal fortolkes således, at fritageben i henhold til forordningen ikke finder anvendelse på en klausul i en aftale, som medmindre der foreligger sagligt rimelige grunde, forbyder forhandleren at sælge nye køretøjer af ethvert andet mærke, endog i forretningslokaler, som er adskilt fra dem, hvori aftalevarerne udbydes.
By orders of 4 November 19%, the Belgian Hof van Cassatie/Cour de Cassation (Court of Cassation) referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling three questions on the interpretation of Article 7 of Council Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 (hereinafter 'the Directive').
Artikel 4, stk 1, nr. 3, og artikel 5, stk 2, nr. 2 og 3, i forordning nr. 123/85 skal fortolkes således, at fritageben i henhold til forordningen finder anvendelse på en klausul i en aftale, som pålægger forhandleren et bestemt salgsmål, til hvilket der — såfremt det ikke nås — er knyttet sanktioner, der kan strække sig til opsigelse af aftalen, dog under forudsætning af, at fastsættelsen af salgsmålet er udtryk for en simpel forpligtelse til at anvende bestemte midler.
By its questions, which should be examined together, the national court essentially asks whether Article 7(l)(a) of the Directive must be interpreted as leaving it open to Member States to fix the age at which employed workers are deemed to become unfit for work by reason of old age in order to become entitled to a retirement pension at 65 for men and 60 for women, and consequently to calculate the
2) Artikel 3, nr. 3, og artikel 5, stk 2, i Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 1475/95 af 28 juni 1995 om anvendelse af traktatens artikel 85, stk 3, på kategorier af salgs- og serviceaftaler vedrørende motorkøretøjer skal fortolkes således, at fritageben i henhold til forordningen ikke finder anvendelse på en klausul i en aftale, som, medmindre der
Those questions were raised in proceedings between Mr De Vriendt, Mr van Looveren, Mr Grare, Mr Boeykens, Mr Serneels, Mr Parotte, Mr Delbrouck and Mr Props and the Rijksdienst voor Pensioenen/Office National des Pensions (National Pensions Office, hereinafter 'the Pensions Office') concerning the calculation of their pensions.
foretigger sagligt rimeuge grunde, forbyder forhandleren at sælge nye køretøjer af andre mærker, endog i forretningslokaler, som er adskilt fra dem, hvori aftalevarerne udbydes.
amount of the pension differently depending on the worker's sex, even though male workers may claim an unconditional right to replacement income in the form of a pension from the age of 60.