natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Investeringer i transportinfrastrukturen med økonomisk støtte fra EU ydet via strukturfondene og Samhørighedsfonden, TEN's budgetlinje, lån fra Den Europæiske Investeringsbank og garantier fra Den Europæiske Investeringsfond vil få en stor indflydelse på den fremtidige udvikling og vil give mulighed for at påvirke deres indvirkning på miljøet.
The Commission has recognized that, through the TENs transport projects, it has an opportunity to favour more environmentfriendly modes of transport. It has been estimated that, in order to complete the basic multimodal network, about 60% of the investment re quired will be for railways (including combined transport), 5% for inland waterways and 30% for roads.
EU's støtte til
Road taxes
Større investeringer i kollektiv transport i Grækenland omfatter for nyelse af busflåden i Athen og bygning af en undergrundsbane i Athen.
At Member State level and different forms of road pricing are being applied or considered to internalize better the costs of transport.
Fælles ansvar og partnerskab
A peak hour system exists in France.
Andre eksempler er forhøjelsen af punkt afgiften på biler (Det Forenede Kongerige) samt det progressive fald i skattefradragene for firmabiler og fastsættelsen af bilafgifterne på basis af brændstofforbruget og luftemissionen (Østrig).
Other road pricing mechanisms to discourage urban traffic are being explored (e. g. the UK's study of congestion charging).
Foranstaltninger vedrørende den kollektive transport er også populære.
Transport investments
Fælles ansvar og partnerskab viser sig gen nem en række netværk og regioner, som Kommissionen samarbejder med for at frem me aktioner til nedbringelse af bytrafikkens indvirkning på miljøet.
In line with the principles of shared responsibility and in particular producer responsibility, the car industry is researching a range of inter active systems, including electronic driver in formation systems, variable signing systems and real time bus information.
Andre vejafgiftssystemer, der sigter mod at forhindre skabelse af bytrafik, er ved at blive undersøgt (som eksempel kan nævnes Det Forenede Kongeriges undersøgelse af afgifter for overdreven biltrafik). På forsyningssiden har de fleste medlemsstater valgt at reducere prisen for kollektiv transport.
There is increased awareness of the need to promote more environmentfriendly forms of transport through appropriate priority setting in transport investment programmes.
I partnerskab med ministerierne eller på eget initiativ er mange lokalstyrer i deres planer for arealanvendelse ved at udvikle politikker, der også tager miljøhensyn, og som søger at hindre brugen af biler i bymidterne ved at regulere adgangsforholdene, ændre infrastrukturen, investere i kollektiv transport og indføre skat te- og afgiftsmæssige begunstigelser og skat ter.
Sweden has also suggested the use of critical load and health criteria as a basis for investment plans for en vironment-friendly modes of transport and for changes in the relative prices of various transport modes through the use of economic in struments.
I tråd med principperne for fælles ansvar og navnlig producentansvar forsker bilindustrien i en række interaktive systemer, bl.a. elektroniske informationssystemer på vejene, indstillelige skiltningssystemer og tidstro busoplysninger. ger.
In Ireland, collective transport and road transport are treated equally in 1994 to 1999 expenditure plans for Dublin. Major in vestments in public transport in Greece in clude the renewal of Athens' bus fleet and the construction of the Athens metro.
Der er en voksende erkendelse af behovet for at fremme mere miljørigtige transportformer gennem den rette prioritering af investeringsprogrammer inden for transport.
Wideranging debates have been launched on the future direction of transport policy and there is increasing involvement of citizens' associations in these discussions and actions.
Medlemsstaterne opprioriterer i højere grad investeringer i offentlig transport i forhold til individuelle transportformer.
In addition, the growing number of cooperative ventures and networking activities between cities are signs of their readiness to act.
I Det Forenede Kongerige er der f.eks. øgede bevillinger til offentlig transport i størrelsesordenen 40 %, inkl. London Transport og særlige busruter.
A key lesson that can be drawn from the large number of projects and studies undertaken in relation to urban transport is the need to promote a high level of public awareness of the problems posed by transport as a first step to obtaining support for the necessary behavioural changes and making alternatives attractive and available.
Ændring af holdninger
Shared responsibility and partnership
Finland har handlet på samme måde.
The EU has launched and contributed to a variety of actions aimed at increasing public awareness.
Sverige har etableret miljømæssige kapitaltilskud til godsfaciliteter, der tilskynder et skift fra vej til jernbane/vand.
Work has started on a communication on the 'Citizens' network — realizing the potential for public transport' to be available by the end of 1995, which is to set out a new framework for EU action on public transport.
Sverige har desuden foreslået, at man ved hjælp af økonomiske værktøjer an lægger kriterier for kritisk belastning og sund hed som grundlag for investeringer i miljøvenlige transportformer og for ændringer i prisrelationerne mellem de forskellige transportformer. I Irland behandles kollektiv transport og
In addition, financial support has been al located for pilot and demonstration projects; these include awarenessraising measures through programmes such as LIFE (European car-sharing initiative in Bremen) and Thermie (three transport-targeted projects involving 20 cities in the Union).
Der er noget, der tyder på, at holdningen til transportpolitik og dennes påvirkning af miljøet er ved at ændre sig.
Shared responsibility and partnership are expressed through a number of networks and re gions with which the Commission is working to help promote actions to reduce the environmental impact of transport in urban areas.
Vidtrækkende debatter er blevet sat i gang om, hvilken retning fremtidens transportpolitik skal tage, og borgersammenslutninger engagerer sig i stigende grad i disse diskussioner og aktioner. Dertil kommer, at det stigende antal kooperative foretagender
These include the network on transport and energy efficiency established by 20 cities in volved in Thermie projects, the car-free cities club, the POLIS network on telematics and transport, the Citelec network on electric vehicles, and the cities for cyclists association.
Kvalitativ vurdering af de opnåede resultater og netværksaktiviteter mellem storbyer tyder på, at de er parat til handling.
On the level of technical improvement, progress has undoubtedly been made since the adoption of the fifth action programme in the area of vehicle emissions, with the notable exception of C0
EU har iværksat og bidrager til diverse aktioner med det formål at øge offentlighedens bevidst hed.
working in conurbations and by introducing in novative pricing systems.
Arbejdet på en meddelelse om borgernetværk som en erkendelse af mulighederne for den kollektive transport er påbegyndt (udgives inden udgangen af 1995).
A mixture of measures has been undertaken by most, in cluding the introduction of maximum speed limits and speed cameras, a code of conduct for car advertising and information on public transport as an alternative to car use.
Der skal opstilles en ny ramme for EU-aktioner på det offentlige transportområde.
In addition, some of the Member States have devel oped car-pooling and better provisions for cyclists.
Derudover er der via pro grammer som f.eks.
Many Member States are influencing public behaviour through information campaigns on car choice, use and maintenance.
LIFE (europæisk initiativ til samkørsel i Bremen) og THERMIE (tre transportorienterede projekter med deltagelse af 20 storbyer inden for Unionen) blevet ydet økonomisk støtte til pilot- og demonstrationsprojekter, der omfatter bevidsthedsudvidende handlinger. linger.
Denmark has concentrated on changing con sumer behaviour through driving courses which teach energy-efficient and environmentfriendly driving techniques. The main measures in France are R & TD, efforts to make public transport more attractive (TGV, metro), to rationalize journeys, and to support driving efficiency campaigns.
Forsøgene på at nå et bæredygtigt udviklings mønster for transporten er imidlertid stødt på en række væsentlige vanskeligheder.
Progress has been particularly slow in terms of 'getting the prices right' and setting appropriate market incentives for a prudent use of en vironmental resources.
Fremfor alt har den tiltagende trafik en stadig stigende indvirkning på miljøet.
In general, only limited use has been made so far of economic instruments to move towards a more sustainable transport system.
Teknologisk forbedring af køretøjer og brændstoffer samt andre be skyttende eller transportplanlægningsmæssige forholdsregler kan begrænse de skadevirkninger og de ulemper, som trafikken forårsager.
Taxes and charges are usually determined by considerations other than the environment, and a framework for integrating environmental considerations into the tax system is lacking.
Navnlig vil emissioner fra landevejstrafikken blive begrænset qua EU-lovgivningen, selvom yderligere reduktioner kan være nød vendige for at nå målene for luftkvalitet.
There is considerable resistance to charging transport users for the full (including the environmental) costs of their ac tions, or to using fiscal instruments to achieve environmental objectives.
I mod sætning hertil vil støjen sandsynligvis tage til.
At the same time, there is a growing consensus that only appropriate price signals can make transport com patible with environmental objectives.
I det bæredygtige perspektiv er den voksende trafik derfor et problem.
Qualitative assessment of progress made
Med hensyn til tekniske forbedringer er der siden vedtagelsen af det 5. miljøhandlingsprogram utvivlsomt gjort fremskridt i forbindelse med emission fra biler — dog med C02-emis- sioner som en bemærkelsesværdig undtagelse.
In relation to infrastructure policy, the emphasis on rail and combined transport under the TEN priority projects is welcome from a sustainability point of view.
Sikkerheden og bestemmelser angående forureningsforebyggelse til søs er blevet skærpet.
However, there is con cern about EU support favouring road con struction from the major EU funds, even though the need to continue to develop infra structure is recognized.
Emissionen fra fly er stadig et problem af særlig betydning i betragtning af risikoen for skadevirkninger i de store højder.
An overall environmental assessment of the TENs is still lacking.
De fleste medlemsstater forsøger at gøre den offentlige transport mere tillokkende, bl.a. gennem oprettelse af særlige net i byområder og ved at indføre nye former for prissystemer.
In the transport sector, there is increased awareness at all levels of the unsustainability of the present situation and trends.
Forbruger-/brugeroplysning og undervisningsprogrammer om den rationelle udnyttelse af bilen og fordelene ved andre transport former har været almindeligt udbredt i de nordlige medlemsstater.
This awareness is reflected in the Commission's transport policy action programme (19952000) in the special attention given in EU R & TD and demonstration programmes to the transport/environment interface, and in the interest of European local authorities in the exchange of experience.
De fleste har benyttet en blanding af foranstaltninger såsom indførelse af maksimale hastighedsgrænser og kameraovervågning af trafikken, adfærdskodeks for bilreklamer og oplysning om kollektive transportmidler som alternativ til brug afprivatbilen.
However, in transport, attempts to move to wards a sustainable development pattern have encountered a number of important difficulties. Above all, current growth in traffic is having a growing environmental impact.
Dertil kommer, at nogle med lemsstater har udviklet samkørselsordninger og bedre vilkår for cyklisterne, og atter andre er i færd med at påvirke offentlighedens ad færd via oplysningskampagner om valget af bil, dens anvendelse og vedligeholdelse.
The technological improvement of vehicles and fuels as well as other protective or transport planning measures can reduce damage and nuisance caused by traffic.
Danmark har koncentreret sig om at ændre forbrugeradfærden gennem køreundervisning, hvor der undervises i energieffektive og miljø venlige køreteknikker.
In particular, emissions from road traffic will be curbed by EU legislation, even though further reductions may be needed to attain air quality targets.
Der er gjort særligt langsomme fremskridt via »rigtig prisfastsættelse« og opstilling af pas sende markedsincitamenter for den fornuftige udnyttelse af miljøressourcerne.
Member States in their actions have made some progress in integrating environmental concerns into transport development plans and landuse plans.
Generelt set er der hidtil gjort begrænset brug af økonomi ske værktøjer i udviklingen hen imod et mere bæredygtigt transportsystem.
Measures which demonstrate this trend are the increase in transport funds allocated to environmentally sound op tions such as public transport infrastructure, city centre traffic reduction measures, R & TD on new fuels, and the introduction of less polluting fuels in some countries.
Skatter og afgifter fastsættes normalt efter andre hensyn end de miljømæssige, og rammerne for at indarbejde miljøhensynene i skatte- og afgiftssystemet mangler.
Positive discrimination measures are also on the rise, al though much more publicity is needed on the fiscal and environmental benefits of car-pooling.
Der er betydelig modstand mod at af kræve transportbrugerne den fulde pris for de res handlinger (bl.a. de miljømæssige) eller at bruge skatte- og afgiftsværktojerne til at ná
Although publicity and information campaigns on environmentfriendly transport are also on the rise, efforts to promote more sustainable modes of transport such as bicycling have only been taken by a few north European countries.
miljømæssige målsætninger. Samtidig er der i stigende grad enighed om, at det kun er via passende prissignaler, at transport kan gøres forenelig med den miljømæssige målsætning.
Conclusion transport), a review of minimum excise duty levels, principles for airport charges and a review of excise exemption for air craft fuels.
— Medlemsstaterne bør være mere opmærksomme på de afgørende faktorer for efter spørgslen efter transport på lokalt og regionalt plan såsom placering af erhvervsvirksomhederne og nye boligområder.
Moving towards sustainable transport requires the right framework in terms of price signals, infrastructure provisions, landuse planning and regulation and the increase in at tractiveness of alternatives to road transport.
I forhold til infrastrukturpolitikken hilses vægten på jernbane og kombineret transport under de TEN-prioriterede projekter velkommen ud fra et bæredygtighedssynspunkt.
Most basic elements for measures and instruments for a more sustainable transport sector are already identified in the fifth programme.
Der mangler stadig en samlet miljøvurdering af de transeuropæiske netværk.
It is a complex task to overcome the obstacles and to curb the trend.
— Disses betydning for fysisk planlægning; på EU-plan bør det overvejes at udvikle ram merne for virkningen af fysisk planlægning; med støtte fra Fællesskabet bør de offentlige instanser i de enkelte medlemsstater ta ge mobilitetsbegrænsende initiativer for især de bymæssige områder (f.eks. distancearbejde, bilfri byer samt programmer til begrænsning af forretningsrejser).
The EU, with the support of the Member States, should develop and apply a clear set of criteria and methodologies for the strategic environment assessment of plans and programmes for infrastructure, including the TENs. These should address the direct impact of transport infrastruc ture on land-use, groundwater, soil and nature, and the indirect impact in terms of newly generated traffic and local and re gional development pressures associated with increased accessibility.
— Fællesskabet og medlemsstaterne bør fremme forskningen i trafikforvaltning så som luftfartskontrol og telematik samt in den for efterspørgselsstyring.
This leads to a need to address the following aspects, in particular.
B. Rigtig prisfastsættelse
Demand side management
Medlemsstaterne har gjort visse fremskridt i forbindelse med indarbejdelsen af miljøhensynene i deres planer for transportudvikling og arealanvendelse.
Member States should give greater attention to the determinants of transport de mand at local/regional level, such as busi ness location and residential develop ment, and their implications for landuse planning; at EU level the development of a framework in relation to landuse planning implications should be considered.
Foranstaltninger, der beviser denne tendens, er stigningen i de midler, der tildeles miljøvenlige transportalternativer som f.eks. infrastrukturen for kollektiv transport, foranstaltninger til begrænsning af trafik i by kernerne, FTU af nye brændstoffer samt indførelsen af mindre forurenende brændsel i visse lande.
The EU should develop a framework for environmentfriendly freight transport. This should include a strategy to promote modal shift especially from road to rail and combined transport as well as to waterborne transport through the adoption of the appropriate fiscal and regulatory framework and investment in the neces sary infrastructure, as well as through measures which will increase the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of the road freight sector.
Der benyttes også i stigende grad positiv særbehandling, selvom der er behov for meget større opmærksomhed omkring de skatte- og afgiftsmæssige fordele ved samkørsel.
Public authorities should support this framework with appropriate physical planning measures.
Selvom offentlighedens opmærksomhed og oplysningskampagner om miljøvenlig transport også er voksende, er det kun få nordeuropæiske lande, der har gjort en indsats for at fremme mere bæredygtige transportformer som f.eks. cyklen.
Public authorities in Member States with the support of the Community should pro mote mobility reducing initiatives, in particular for urban areas, such as teleworking, car free city centres, and (anti)-mile-age programmes for government and in dustry.
C. Infrastruktur og skift af transportform
B. Setting the prices right
— EU bør være mere kritisk i sin vurdering af støtte fra strukturfondene og Samhørighedsfonden til planer og projekter, således at der sikres en bedre balance mellem de forskellige transportformer.
Stricter standards should be set at EU level for emissions into the air and noise especially from motor vehicles (e.g. particulate matters) and aircraft, and for fuel quality standards and alternative fuels. Action should be taken at EU level to re duce C0
— Med støtte fra medlemsstaterne bør EU ud vikle og anvende et sæt klare kriterier og metodikker for den strategiske miljøvurdering af infrastrukturplanerne og -programmerne, herunder TEN.
Existing Community rules on standards and procedures for inspection and main tenance should be reassessed.
Disse bør tage fat på den direkte indvirkning, som transportinfrastrukturen har på arealanvendelsen, grund vandet, jordbunden og naturen samt den indirekte indvirkning i form af belastninger fra nyskabt trafik plus lokal eller regional udvikling som følge af den lettere adgang.
There should be a greater internalization of environmental and other external costs in transport prices by Member States and integration of environmental aspects with in Community regulatory frameworks for costs and charges (including a review of the maximum rate for user charges (road
De fleste grundlæggende komponenter og in strumenter i retning af en mere bæredygtig transportsektor er allerede blevet udpeget af det 5. miljøhandlingsprogram. Den voksende transport udgør et stigende problem.
There should be stricter enforcement and in-use control at Member State level on the application of Community standards.
— Med støtte fra medlemsstaterne bør EU stimulere en høj og attraktiv kvalitet i den of fentlige transport som et alternativ til privat bilismen.
Further stimulation at all levels of research in relation to technical improvements is needed, as is the dissemination of results and practical application.
pesticider, vandressourcer, udstyr og fodertilskud til husdyrbestandene.
Information and public awareness tries and addressed the need for liberalization of international trade in agriculture through the full implementation of the Uruguay Round.
Siden 1992 er der gjort fremskridt hen imod en integrering af EU's landbrugs- og miljøpolitik, hvor man blev enige om en fælles landbrugspolitik, og Fællesskabets 5. miljøhandlingsprogram blev vedtaget.
In the CSD, Commissioner Fischler reiterated the EU's commitment, in the framework of Agenda 21, to promoting the 'mutual support of trade and environment with the overall aim of sustainable development'.
På den anden side bidrog den fælles landbrugspolitik lidt til en systematisk indarbejdelse af miljøhensyn.
Member States, NGOs and the Community should jointly increase public aware ness and education.
Ved tilslutningen til EU har de tre nye med lemsstater forpligtet sig til at revidere deres til skudspolitikker fundamentalt. Visse lande som f.eks.
In Toulouse, in March 1995, EU Agriculture Ministers discussed the role of agriculture as producer of foodstuffs while recognizing the need to remunerate farmers for their non-economic services, stressing the territorial importance of agriculture and the diversity of local situations.
— Der bør indføres strengere normer på EU-plan for emission til atmosfæren og støj fra især motorkøretøjer (f.eks. partikler) og fly; det samme bør gælde for kvaliteten af brændstof og for alternative brændselstyper; på EU-plan bør der iværksættes aktio
There is a growing consensus on the need to reconcile agricultural policy and the environment. Intensification of landuse has created environmental problems through the increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, water resources, equipment, and additional feeds for livestock.
-emissionen fra ner for at begrænse C02 personbiler; nugældende fællesskabsregler for normer og procedurer vedrørende syn og vedligeholdelse bør omvurderes.
There has been progress towards integrating the EU agriculture and environmental policies since 1992, when both a reform of the com mon agriculture policy was agreed and the fifth action programme was adopted.
Ikke desto mindre er udviklingen af den fælles landbrugspolitik under kraftig indflydelse af udviklingen rundt om i verden.
In terms of agricultural trends, the develop ment of livestock numbers is more pro nounced than forecast at the time when the programme was drawn up.
Ethvert skridt i retning mod liberalisering skal respektere de samfundsmæssige og miljømæssige hensyn.
While for 1990 to 1995 the forecast for cattle predicted an annual decrease of 0.6%, a slight increase is expected for the years 1996 and 1997.
— På alle niveauer bør der sikres yderligere stimulering af forskningen i tekniske forbedringer, formidling af resultater og praktisk anvendelse.
Although certain new instruments under the CAP take better account of the environment, it is still too early to measure their effects.
E. Oplysning og offentlig bevidsthed
On the other hand, the CAP reform in 1992 did little to systematically integrate environmental concerns.
Kommissionen til Bæredygtig Udvikling (KBU) udtrykte skuffelse over den træge udvikling hen imod et bæredygtigt landbrug og udviklingen på landet i mange nationer, og den tog fat på behovet for en liberalisering af international samhandel med landbrugsprodukter via den fulde gennemførelse af Uruguay-runden.
Total nitrogen fertilizer consumption declined during 1980 to 1992 by 10% in the EU with a sharp decline of 20% during 1988 to 1992. Consumption of phosphorous fertilizer de clined also sharply at the end of the 1980s, resulting in a decrease of 40% during 1988 to 1992.