natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den har en årlig omsætning på omkring 250 mio. $.
Its sales are around $ 250 million annually.
Med henblik på at udvide sin virksomhed til at omfatte det vesteuropæiske marked (som erstatning for de enkelte producenters afsætning) anmeldte ANSAC sine aftaler til Kommissionen og anmodede om negativattest eller fritagelse i hen hold til artikel 85, stk. 3.
With the objective of extending its activities to the west European market (to replace sales by individual producers), Ansae notified its arrangements to the Commission with a request for negative clearance or exemption under Article 85 (3).
De pristilsagn, der blev forhandlet om, vedrørte omregning til andre valutaer efter den gældende valutakurs, og med de ændringer, der er sket i pariteterne siden 1984, var pristilsagnet for Tyskland, Frankrig og andre markeder betydeligt højere end markedsprisen, således at det ikke længere var rentabelt at afsætte produkterne i andre lande end Det Forenede Kongerige.
The price undertakings as negotiated provided for conversion into other currencies at the exchange rates then prevailing, and with the changes in parities since 1984 the undertaking price for Germany, France and other markets was substantially above the market price so no sales were commercially feasible under the undertaking outside the United Kingdom.
ANSAC's anmodning er behandlet i Kommissionens beslutning 91/301/EØF (J), hvorved fritagelse blev afslået.
The application of Ansae is the subject of Commission Decision 91/301/EEC (s), under which an exemption was refused.
Texas Gulf mistede afsætning efter indførelsen af antidumpingforanstaltningerne og trak sig ud af det britiske marked i 1985, således at General Chemical nu er den eneste amerikanske producent tilbage på dette marked, ganske vist med leverancer på kun ca. 30 000 tons årligt.
Texas Gulf suffered a loss in volume following the introduction of anti-dumping measures and withdrew from the United Kingdom market in 1985 so that, of the United States producers, only General Chemical is still supplying in the United Kingdom, although at a rate of only around 30 000 tonnes per year.
Markedsdelingen mellem Solvay og ICI
The market division arrangement between Solvay and ICI
Texas Gulf har også solgt nogle mængder i Belgien.
Texas Gulf has also sold some tonnage in Belgium.
I begge tilfælde er produkterne blevet importeret i henhold til de særlige regler om aktiv forædling, og dermed uden antidumpingtold.
In both cases the imports have been made free of anti-dumping duties under special rules relating to 'inward-processing'.
En række store EF-kunder inden for glasindustrien har antydet, at de vil flytte en betydelig del af deres handel fra EF-producenter til amerikanske producen ter.
A number of large Community customers in the glass sector have indicated their intention to take a substantial part of their business away from the Community producers and to buy from the United States.
Hidtil har de amerikanske producenter dog kun leveret omkring 40 000 tons i alt i EF, bortset fra Det
So far however a total of only about 40 000 tonnes has been supplied in continental western
Solvay har for øjeblikket ni sodaanlæg, alle i Vesteuropa.
Solvay currently operates nine soda-ash plants, all located in western Europe.
I EF har virksomheden produktionsanlæg i Belgien, Frankrig, Tyskland, Italien, Portugal og Spanien.
In the Community it has manufacturing facilities in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
På de tre sidstnævnte markeder har den praktisk talt monopol. I EF som helhed har Solvay
In the last three markets it has a virtual monopoly.
Hvis Det Forenede Konge­rige og Irland udelades, idet Solvay ikke sælger sine produkter her, stiger virksomhedens markeds­andel til 70%.
No L152/5 does not sell there, Solvay's share of the market rises to 70%.
Indtil man begyndte at importere soda fra Østeuropa til Det Forenede Konge­rige i 1978, havde ICI hele markedet for sig selv.
Until the appearance of eastern European material in the United Kingdom in 1978, ICI had the market entirely to itself.
I 1988 havde ICI en andel på omkring ( > 90%) af sodamarkedet i Det Forenede Kongerige.
In 1988 ICI had some [ > 90%] of the soda-ash market in the United Kingdom.
ICI driver også anlæg for industrielt fremstillet soda i Pakistan og (indtil 1990) Australien og ejer et natur­sodaanlæg med en kapacitet på 300 0Ó0 tons årligt ved Lake Magadi i Kenya. Der importeres ikke soda fra disse anlæg til Europa.
ICI also operates synthetic plants in Pakistan and (until 1990) in Australia and owns a 300 000 tpa natural soda-ash plant at Lake Magadi in Kenya.
Forholdet mellem Solvay og Brunner­Mond indebar, at de accepterede hinandens indflydelsessfære.
The relationship between Solvay and Brunner, Mond included agreement upon their respective spheres of influence.
Den oprindelige markedsdeling blev gennemført ved den såkaldte Alkali Cartel­aftale, som producenterne ikke har givet nogen oplysninger om.
The original market division was effected by means of the so-called 'Alkali Cartel', an arrangement in respect of which the producers have not provided any information.
Det vides ikke nøjagtigt, hvilke kommercielle aftaler der blev indgå­et, da Solvay­processen første gang blev meddelt i licens til Brunner­Mond.
It is not known exactly what commercial arrangements were made when the Solvay process was first licensed to Brunner, Mond.
Det er dog klart, at der er blevet indgået nye internationale markedsopdelings­aftaler for alkali (herunder soda og kaustisk soda) mellem ICI og Solvay i 1928 (kort efter at ICI blev oprettet af Brunner­Mond og tre andre selskaber), og mellem ICI, Solvay og IG Farben i 1935 og 1938.
It appears however that new international marketsharing arrangements in the alkali field (including soda-ash and caustic soda) were made on a worldwide basis between ICI and Solvay in 1928 (soon after ICI was formed from Brunner, Mond and three other companies) and in 1935 and in 1938 between ICI, Solvay and LG. Farben.
Andre karteller blev indgået i 1933 mellem ICI og Alkasso (United States Alkali Export Association) og i 1936 mellem ICI, Solvay og Alkasso. Ved disse karteller tildelte parterne hinanden eksklusive marke­der samt kvoter på andre markeder og fastsatte priserne på verdensplan. Kartelmedlemmernes natio­nale markeder blev betragtet som deres hjemmemar­keder.
Other cartel agreements were made in 1933 between ICI and Alkasso (the United States Alkali Export Association) and in 1936 between ICI, Solvay and Alkasso.
På trods af disse prisforskelle er der ikke foregået nogen betydelig handel med soda mellem Det Fore­nede Kongerige og de øvrige vesteuropæiske lande bortset fra de sodamængder, Solvay har leveret ICI som medproducent.
In spite of these price differences, there have been no significant movements of soda-ash in either direction between the United Kingdom and the Member States in continental western Europe, the only exception being tonnages shipped by Solvay as 'co-producer' deliveries to ICI.
Solvay (eller andre EF­producen­ter) har ikke solgt noget til kunder i Det Forenede Kongerige, selv om prisberegninger, som man fandt hos producenterne selv, viser, at den endelige leve­ringspris over for større kunder (navnlig i det sydøst­lige og østlige England) ville have svaret til eller endog været lavere end ICI's pris i en lang periode, selv når man tager de høje transportomkostninger fra de øvrige vesteuropæiske lande i betragtning.
No material has been sold by Solvay (or indeed any other Community producer) to customers in the United Kingdom, although price calculations found at the producers themselves show that even after the relatively high cost of transport from locations in continental western Europe the final delivered price to major customers (particularly in the south-east and east of England) would have been comparable to or even lower over a considerable period than ICI's price.
De fastslog, at de lige som tidligere ville føre en forretningspolitik, der tog sigte på at få det samlede alkaliforbrug til at stige:
In a new ICI /Solvay agreement made in 1945, the terms of which were set out in a document discovered at ICI and headed 'Page 1000', Solvay and ICI placed on the record their belief that 'the pre-war cooperation between them (which had gone on for nearly 70 years) in the technical and commercial development of the alkali business has been of benefit to both of them . . .'
»Parterne agter hver især at forøge deres afsætning på denne måde, uden at dette må ske på den anden parts bekostning.«
They stipulated that as in the past each would continue to pursue a commercial policy designed to encourage a steadily increasing overall consumption of alkalis:
De eneste markeder i Vesteuropa, hvor ICI nogensin­de har leveret soda i større mængder, er de skandi­naviske lande, hvor der ikke findes nogen indenlandsk producent.
The only markets in continental western Europe in which ICI" has ever supplied soda-ash in any appreciable quantity are the Scandinavian countries in which there is no domestic producer.
Til trods for de transportomkostninger, der er forbundet med import af det samlede forbrug, er det bemærkelsesværdigt, at priserne er betydeligt lavere i Skandinavien end på markeder med en etableret sodaproducent.
It is significant that despite the transport costs involved in importing all the soda-ash consumed, price levels are considerably lower in Scandinavia than in those markets where there is an established soda-ash manufacturer.
Ifølge Page 1 000 omfattede Solvays produktions­ og salgsorganisation næsten kun det europæiske fast­land, medens ICI's hovedsagelig omfattede Common­wealth og andre lande i Asien, Afrika og Sydame­rika.
'Each party intends to increase the volume of its sales by this means and not to increase them simply at the expense of the other party.'
Aftalen indeholder en erklæring fra hver af de to parter vedrørende deres forretningspolitik over for hinanden i alkalisektoren.
'Page 1000' recorded that Solvay's manufacturing and selling organization was almost wholly within the continent of Europe while that of ICI was mainly within the British Commonwealth and other countries of Asia, Africa and South America.
­ICI anerkender disse fælles grundprincipper og denne geografiske opdeling mellem de to organisa­tioner og agter, indtil denne erklæring ophæves, at
The agreement substantially repeats and incorporates a statement of each of the two parties of their commercial policy towards each other in the alkali sector.
91 føre sin forretningspolitik efter følgende retningslinjer: linjer: a) I de lande, hvor den lokale alkaliproduktion allerede er veludviklet, og hvor det derfor kun er en beskeden del af efterspørgselen, der dækkes ved import, vil ICI (i forholdet mellem ICI og Solvay) anse ansvaret for afsætningsudviklingen for udelukkende at ligge hos den organisation, der allerede er etableret i det pågældende land.
(a) in those countries where local manufacture of alkali is already well developed, and where imports consequently provide but a small proportion of the demand, ICI will (as between ICI and Solvay) regard the responsibility for the development of the business as resting entirely with the organization already established in that country;
parternes aftaleforhold havde dog vist, af aftalen — som de hævdede allerede var bortfaldet i 1962 — aldrig var blevet formelt ophævet.
According to the parties, a review of their contractual arrangements had shown that the agreement — which they say had already been considered out of date in 1962 — had never been formally cancelled.
Dette fremgår af en skrivelse fra Solvay til ICI af 12. oktober 1972.
A letter of 12 October 1972 from Solvay to ICI is in those terms.
På et møde i ICI's bestyrelse den 26. oktober 1972 blev det besluttet, at referatet fra 1949, der bekræftede Page 1000, skulle annulleres.
An ICI board meeting of 26 October 1972 resolved that the 1949 minute confirming 'Page 1000' be cancelled.
Der er dog en vis uoverensstemmelse mellem dette referat, der gengiver Solvays erklæring om, at aftalen længe havde været betragtet som »forældet«, og et referat fra et senere bestyrelsesmøde hos ICI den 26. juli 1973, ifølge hvilket Solvay havde fået tilsendt skrivelser om, at aftalen var ophævet, »efter at begge selskabers juridiske rådgivere havde advaret dem om, at aftalerne var i strid med Rom-Traktatens artikel 85, og at de hvis de blev videreført, skulle anmeldes til EF-Kommissio-nen« (').
There is however some conflict between this minute, which repeats the statement contained in the Solvay letter that the arrangement had for a long time been considered 'outdated', and a later ICI board minute of 26 July 1973 which states that letters of termination had been sent to Solvay 'after both companies' legal advisers had advised that the agreements contravened Article 85 of the Treaty of Rome and, if continued ('), would have to be notified to the EEC Com-
(27) c) Litra b) vil blive anvendt på en sådan måde, at alkaliforbruget forøges mest muligt, dels ved udvikling af den lokale, rentable produktion så hurtigt, som forholdene tillader det, dels ved import fra de lande, der er mest leveringsdygtige. tige.
(c) paragraph (b) will be operated in such a way as to promote the consumption of alkali to the greatest possible extent, by developing local manufacture where it is demonstrably sound and economic as rapidly as circumstances permit and by arranging imports from those countries which can most suitably supply;
d) Ved fortolkningen af litra a), b) og c) vil ICI tage hensyn til forpligtelser, som Solvay tidligere har indgået over for andre organisationer end ICI.
(d) in in the the interpretation interpretation of of paragraphs paragraphs (a),
At page 1 000-aftalen skulle være bortfaldet gav sig dog hverken i 1962 eller på noget senere tidspunkt udtryk i nogen væsentlig ændring i Solvays eller ICI's forretningspolitik vedrørende soda.
The alleged desuetude of the 'Page 1000' arrangement did not however manifest itself in any significant change in the commercial policy of Solvay or ICI in the soda-ash sector, either in 1962 or at any later stage.
De har aldrig konkurreret med hinanden på deres respektive hjem memarkeder i EF.
Neither ever competed with the other in their respective home markets in the Community.
På samme måde har de også på de oversøiske eksportmarkeder respekteret hinandens indflydelsessfærer.
Similarly in overseas export markets each continued to respect the other's sphere of influence.
Siden 1984 har Solvay således som medproducent leveret ICI betydelige sodamængder, for at ICI kunne opretholde sin stilling i Sydafrika, der traditionelt er virksomhedens største oversøiske mar ked, og hvor Solvay ikke selv sælger sit produkt (jf. nr. 36, 37 og 38).
Indeed since 1984 Solvay has provided substantial tonnages to ICI by means of co-producer deliveries to enable it to maintain its position in South Africa, tradionally ICI's major deep-sea market and one in which Solvay does not itself market the product. (See recitals 36-38, post).
ICI har også holdt Solvay under rettet om sin salgspolitik i Sverige, der er det eneste væsentlige marked, hvor begge producenter er til stede.
ICI has also kept Solvay informed of its sales policy and intentions in Sweden, the one market of any importance where both producers are present.
De to producenters respektive forretningspolitik inden for soda er praktisk talt blevet opretholdt nøjagtigt som beskrevet i Page 1 000.
To all intents and purposes the respective commercial policies of the two producers in soda-ash have been maintained exactly as they were set out in 'Page 1000'.
Il 949-versionen af denne erklæring fastslog parterne, at Page 1 000-aftalen ikke ville gælde for deres virksomhed i USA, der berørte den amerikanske indenrigs- eller udenrigshandel.
In the 1949 version of their statement of commercial policy each party declared that the 'Page 1000' arrangements would not apply to their activities in the United States affecting the domestic or foreign trade of the United States.
Den skarpe opdeling af sodamarkedet står i modsætning til markedet for kaustisk soda, der ligeledes var omfattet af Page 1 000.
The rigid market division in soda-ash may be contrasted with that now pertaining in caustic soda which was also the subject of'Page 1000'.
Der findes nu en lang række producenter af kaustisk soda i EF, og til trods for de risici, der er forbundet med håndteringen af dette produkt, transporteres det frit over grænserne.
There are now a large number of caustic-soda producers in the Community and despité the handling risks it is freely transported across national borders.
ICI producerer kaustisk soda i Tyskland og i Det Fore nede Kongerige, ligesom virksomheden har lagre i Frankrig og Nederlandene, hvorfra den leverer til kunder overalt i EF.
ICI now produces caustic soda in Germany'as well as in the United Kingdom and operates stock tanks in France and the Netherlands from which it supplies customers throughout the Community.
Solvay har et lager i Mcrseyside, hvorfra den leverer til kunder i Det Forenede Kongerige. rige.
Solvay for its part operates a stock tank on Merseyside from which it supplies customers in the United Kingdom.
Ved Det Forenede Kongeriges tiltrædelse af Fællesskabet bragte Solvay og ICI officielt Page 1 000-aftalen til ophør fra den 31. december 1972. En undersøgelse af
With this exception, no doubt the result of the judgment of the United States District Court in the Alkasso case, the parties had agreed the broad lines of a policy of complete cooperation aimed at avoiding competition between them in any part of the world.
(') Kursivering tilføjet.
(') Emphasis added.
Hjemmemarkedsprincippet fundet sted, men siden 1985 er de tilsyneladende blevet afholdt omkring hver anden måned.
The home market principle meetings is not known but since 1985 they appear to have been held about every two months.
Under proceduren har Solvay og ICI hævdet, at der ikke har fundet drøftelser sted om vigtige og følsomme kommercielle spørgsmål.
During the administrative proceedings the two producers claimed that no discussions took place on any matters of significant commercial sensitivity.
Ifølge ICI blev der på disse møder kun drøftet lovlige forhold, såsom: a) indkøb med henblik på videresalg i Det Forenede Kongerige og Sydafrika b) europæiske producenters antidumpingforanstaltninger over for importen fra USA og Østeuropa c) den generelle udvikling i efterspørgslen
ICI says that the matters covered in these meetings related only to subjects for legitimate discussion, namely:
Dette princip gik ud på, at hver producent skulle begrænse sin afsætning til a) det eller de lande, hvor virksomheden havde etableret produktionsanlæg, (b) eksportmarkeder, hvor der ikke var nogen inden landsk producent.
Under this principle each producer limited its sales to (a) the country or countries in which it had established production facilities, (b) export markets in which there was no domestic producer.
De andre producenter måtte til gengæld ikke sælge deres produkter på den pågældende producents »hjemmemarked«.
The other producers reciprocated by not selling into the 'home market' of that producer.
Hvis en udenforstående virksomhed begyndte at trænge ind på et mar ked, som en producent betragtede som sit hjemme marked, kunne han med rette forventes at »gøre gengæld« ved at sælge en tilsvarende mængde på den pågældende virksomheds hjemmemarked.
In the event of incursions by an outsider into what a producer considered its home market, it was entided and expected to 'retaliate' by selling an equivalent tonnage on the intruder's home market.
Begrebet »gengæld« som et middel til at forsvare hjemmemarkedet var udtrykkeligt anført i en markedsopdelingsaftale af 1956 mellem Solvay og Nederlandse Soda Industrie (nu Akzo) (denne aftale er ikke genstand for nogen procedure i henhold til artikel 85).
Indeed the concept of 'retaliation' asa means of defending the home market was expressly provided for in a marketsharing agreement made between Solvay and Nederlande Soda Industrie (now AKZO) in 1956 (which is not the subject of any proceedings under Article 85).
Hjemmemarkedsprincippet blev over holdt strengt af alle producenter indtil 1970'erne, hvor den faldende efterspørgsel og den begyndende import til Vesteuropa af amerikansk natursoda og østeuropæiske produkter medførte en vis konkurren ce.
The 'home market' rule was strictly observed by all producers until the 1970s when declining demand and the appearance in continental western Europe of United States natural ash and east European material provided some element of competition.
Akzo begyndte også at sælge sine produkter på det tyske marked sidst i 1970'erne, fordi det nederlandske marked var for lille i forhold til Akzo's produktionskapacitet.
AKZO also began selling in the German market in the late 1970s since the Netherlands was too small a market to fill its available production capacity.
Solvay havde tilsyneladende meddelt Akzo, at den kunne acceptere denne udvikling, uden først at have indhentet de mindre tyske producenters samtykke.
Solvay had apparently indicated to AKZO its acceptance of this development without first obtaining the agreement of the smaller German producers.
En af de berørte producenter meddelte derfor Akzo, at virksomheden ville begynde at afsætte sine produkter i Nederlandene og fortsætte dermed, så længe Akzo solgte sine i Tyskland.
One of those affected therefore indicated to AKZO that it would begin to sell in the Netherlands and continue to do so as long as AKZO sold in Germany.
Generelt synes producenterne dog stadig at betragte leverancer til kunder over grænserne (i modsætning til leverancer til medproducentcr) som en undtagelse.
In general, however, deliveries to customers across national borders (as opposed to co-producer sales) are still apparently considered by producers as an exception.
Ifølge ICI blev der udarbejdet udførlige referater af møderne med Solvay, og der blev ikke ført »hemmelige« drøftelser.
According to ICI, the meetings with Solvay were fully minuted and no 'secret' discussions occurred.
De detaljerede notater fra flere af disse møder viser dog, at de to producenter faktisk drøftede forhold, der var af væsentlig betydning for deres generelle strategi inden for sodasektoren.
The detailed notes of several of. these meetings in fact show that the two producers did indeed discuss subjects which were crucially important to their global strategy in the soda-ash sector.
De to producenter mener selv, at de har en fælles interesse i stabile prisforhold.
The two producers clearly consider themselves to have a shared interest in price stability.
Solvay underrettede ICI om den generelle prisudvikling og om planlagte prisstigninger på det vesteuropæiske fastland, hvilket ICI selv (i anden forbindelse) har anført under den mundtlige høring som værende af vital betydning for dens forretningspolitik i Det Forenede Kongerige.
Solvay informed ICI of general price trends and planned price increases in continental western Europe, matters which ICI itself (in another context) stated during the oral hearing to be of vital importance to its commercial policy in the United Kingdom.
De var ligeledes særdeles interesserede i at undgå gnidninger mellem deres respektive sodatransaktioner og under rettede hinanden om, hvor der eventuelt kunne blive tale om interessekonflikter.
They were also anxious to avoid any friction between their respective soda-ash operations and informed each other on possible areas where their interests might conflict.
ICI meddelte således Solvay, at den agtede at trænge ind på det skandinaviske marked på ny i andet halvår 1986.
Thus ICI informed Solvay of its intention to re-enter the Scandinavian market in the second half of 1986.
ICI havde desuden klaget over, at Solvay havde forvoldt den visse problemer ved at forøge sin afsætning i Indonesien (denne klage kom fra ICI's kenyanske anlæg ved Lake Magadi).
There was also some complaint from ICI (passed on from its Kenyan operation at Lake Magadi) about Solvay having caused it annoyance by increasing sales in Indonesia.
Ved en anden lejlighed var Solvay »rystet«, fordi ICI havde købt nogle mængder hos Akzo med henblik på videresalg.
On another occasion Solvay was 'upset* because ICI had bought some PFR tonnage from AKZO.