natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I den britiske sukkersag nedsatte Kommissionen således Tate & Lyles bøde ganske betydeligt, fordi netop denne virksomhed havde forsynet Kommissionen med kopier af breve, der var til skade for Tate & Lyle selv, men som også gjorde det muligt at afsløre selve kartellet. Denne meddelelse bidrager til at styrke kampen mod karteller og har siden vedtagelsen bidraget til at afsløre flere af dem. Kommissionen er forholdsvis tilfreds med de nye regler, men på baggrund af de rige erfaringer, den har indhøstet i løbet af 1998. kunne den. efter høring af de nationale konkurrencemyndigheder, tænke sig at finpudse visse aspekter af denne meddelelse, der indgår som et vigtigt led i EU's konkurrencepolitik.
Accordingly, in the case involving the British sugar industry, the Commission substantially reduced the fine on Tate & Lyle to take account of the fact that it had submitted self-incriminating letters which provided evidence of the cartel's existence. The notice reflects a concern to make the detection of cartels more efficient, and indeed several have been detected since its adoption. The Commission is relatively satisfied with the arrangements for calculating the amount of fines, but it takes the view that, in the light of the wealth of experience acquired during 1998, certain aspects should be reviewed after consulting the national competition authorities with a view to finalising this crucial instrument of Community competition policy.
C — Sektorspecifikke politikker
Sector-based policies
I direktivet af 13. marts 1996 om gennemførelse af fuld konkurrence pa telekommunikations markedet28fastsattes den 1. januar 1998 som den dalo, hvor de eksisterende monopoler for udbud al taletelefonitjenester og levering af telekommunikationsinfrastrukturer i Fællesskabet skulle afskaffes.
1 January 1998 was the date fixed by the Directive of 13 March 1996 on the implementation of full competition in telecommunications markets28 for the abolition of the remaining monopolies for the provision of voice telephony services and the supply of telecommunications infrastructure in the Community, with the exception of certain Member States to which the Commission had granted additional implementation periods (Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Luxembourg and Greece). The additional periods granted to Luxembourg and Spain ended on 1 July and 1 December respectively.
Der henvises lil boks 7 i kapitel II (Fusioner), hvor iler er en kommentar lil flere beslutninger vedlaget pa telekommunikationsområdet.
See also Insert 7, Chapter II (Mergers), which discusses several decisions affecting the telecommunications sector.
74 af 22.3.1996. s. 15.
COMPETITIONREPORT1998
I betragtning af telekommunikationssektorens økonomiske betydning, som anslås til ca. 150 mia. ECU. og dens virkning for jobskabelsen har Kommissionen hele året fortsat fulgt med i den effektive gennemførelse af denne liberalisering i medlemsstaterne samt indførelsen af rammebestemmelserne i de to medlemsstater, hvis supplerende periode udløb.
In view of the economic importance of the telecommunications sector, which may be put at some ECU 150 billion, and its impact on job creation, the Commission continued throughout the year to monitor the implementation of this liberalisation by the Member States and the establishment of the regulatory framework in the two Member States where the additional implementation period was due to terminate.
I rapporten af 18. februar konstateres der store fremskridt i de medlemsstater, som ¡følge rapporten af 8. oktober 1997 var bagefter med gennemførelsen af direktiverne, og hvor der fortsat skulle gøres en stor indsats.
The report of 18 February points to considerable progress in those Member States in which, according to the report of 8 October 1997, transposal into national law was less advanced and a substantial amount of work still needed to be done.
Kommissionen konstaterer i denne rapport, at fællesskabsreglerne i vid udstrækning er gennemført i den nationale ret i de fleste medlemsstater.
The Commission noted in the report that the bulk of the Community regulations had been transposed into national law in most of the Member States.
Kommissionen matte ikke desto mindre indlede nye overtrædelsesprocedurer mod medlemsstater, som ikke havde gennemført direktiverne fuldt ud. i forhold til de 35 igangværende overtrædelsesprocedurer ved årets begyndelse, mens den kunne afslutte flere af disse efter den seneste indberetning af' de foranstaltninger, som de pågældende medlemsstater har truffet.
That notwithstanding, the Commission was obliged to institute new infringement proceedings against Member States which had failed to transpose the directives in full, in addition to the 35 infringement proceedings pending at the start of the year, some of which it was able to wind up following the recent notification of measures adopted by the Member States concerned.
Foruden de lakuner, der er forbundet med lovgivningsmæssige forsinkelser, angår de vigtigste vanskeligheder den manglende overensstemmelse af visse særlige betingelser, som er knyttet til licenser i visse medlemsstater (pligt til at afsætte et vist beløb af investeringerne eller omsætningen til forskning og udvikling, pligt til at oprette en bankgaranti i forbindelse med gennemførelsen af virksomhedsplanen osv.).
Apart from problems associated with legislative or regulatory delays, the main difficulties concern the noncompliance of certain specific conditions for licences in some Member States (obligation to allocate a certain amount of investments or turnover to R & D, obligation to obtain a bank guarantee for the completion of business plans, etc.).
Desuden havde visse medlemsstater ikke sørget for, at deres operatører offentliggør standardvilkårene for sammenkobling.
In addition, some Member States had failed to ensure that operators published their standard terms and conditions governing interconnection.
I visse lande (Øslrig og Italien) blev operatørens priser først godkendt af de lovgivende myndigbeder sent på året.
In some Member States (Austria and Italy), the prices put forward by the operator were approved by the regulatory authority only towards the end of the year.
Omkring halvdelen af de offentliggjorte takster lå imidlertid inden for det takstbånd. som Kommissionen anbefalede med hensyn til videresendelse af opkald32.
However, about half of the tariffs published were within the range recommended by the Commission as regards charges for call termination.32
Desuden drejede det sig om at undersøge virkningen af disse sammenkoblingsafgifter pa priserne for opkald fra faste nel lil mobiltelefoner.
43 made by users of fixed-line networks to mobile phones.
Sammenkoblingstaksterne for videresendelse af opkald, som er aftalt mellem operatører, påvirker nemlig i betydelig grad fastsættelsen af priserne på samtaler mellem faste og mobile telefoner.
Interconnection charges for call termination, which are set by operators, have a tangible impact on the level of charges for calls between fixed-line and mobile phones.
Efter denne undersøgelse i de femten medlemsstater konstaterede Kommissionen, at der var en række foreløbige tegn på, at der rent faktisk blev anvendt alt for høje eller diskriminerende priser, og at det derfor var nødvendigt at foretage en række dybtgående undersøgelser.
In the light of this survey in the fifteen Member States, the Commission found that there were preliminary indications that excessive or discriminatory prices were indeed being charged and that, accordingly, indepth investigations needed to be carried out.
Med hensyn lil fem af disse sager har Kommissionen indstillet sin procedure for at lade de nationale kontrolmyndigheder tage affære.
In five of these cases, the Commission suspended proceedings so as to allow the national supervisory authorities to take action.
Med hensyn til de ti øvrige sager, nemlig to sager vedrørende takster for videresendelse af opkald, som benyttes af mobiltelefonioperatørerne i Italien og Tyskland, og otte sager angående de indtægter, som operatøren af det offentlige opkoblede telefonnet (RTPC), nemlig Belgacom, Telecom. Eircann. British Telecom. P & T Austria. Telefònica. KNP Telecom.
In the ten others, namely two cases on call termination charges made by mobile telephone operators in Italy and Germany and eight cases concerning income retained by operators of public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), namely Belgacom, Telecom EÂ ireann, British Telecom, P & T Austria, TelefoÂnica, KNP Telecom, Telecom Italia and Deutsche Telecom, on calls from fixed-line telephones to mobile telephones, the Commission launched an enquiry based mainly on tests to detect excessive and/or discriminatory prices.
Telecom Italia øg Deutsche Telecom, får på opkald fra fast til mobil telefon, har Kommissionen indledt en undersøgelse bl.a. pa grundlag af forsøg, der skal gøre det muligt at konstatere tegn på overdrevne og/eller diskriminerende priser.
The Commission also found anomalies in mobile operators' call termination charge structures, particularly in Italy and Germany.
Den har konstateret, at fire RTPC-opcratørcr over for mobiloperatørerne anvendte priser, som ligger over priserne for de faste operatører for videresendelse af opkald; den har bemærket uregelmæssigheder i mobiloperatørernes prisstruktur for videresendelse af opkald, især i Italien og Tyskland: den har endelig påvist, at når RTPC-operatørerne er aktive på det faste og mobile marked, er deres indtægter for opkald fra faste til mobile telefoner langt over del «benchmark«, søm Kommissionen har fastsat i forbindelse med denne undersøgelse med hjælp fra en ekstern regnskabsckspert.
Lastly, it demonstrated that the income retained by PSTN operators for calls from fixed-line telephones to mobile telephones where these operators were present on both markets appeared to be significantly higher than the benchmark established by the Commission with the assistance of an external auditor as part of the enquiry.
Efter denne dybtgående undersøgelse noterede Kommissionen sig adskillige positive ændringer og afsluttede flere af de indledte sager.
Following this indepth investigation, the Commission took note of several positive changes and closed a number of case-files.
Operatørerne besluttede sig nemlig for det første for al bringe de pågældende diskriminerende ordninger til ophør og fastsætte nye lavere satser.
The operators decided to bring the discriminatory arrangements complained of to an end and to set new tariffs at a lower level.
For eksempel kan nævnes sagen med Telecom Italia, som begyndte at anvende ensartede priser før operatørerne af mobile og faste net for viderescndelsc af opkald pa sit net. hvilket medførte cl fald pa ca. 40% i de omkostninger, som mobiloperatørerne betalte.
For example, Telecom Italia began to apply identical charges to operators of mobile and fixed-line networks for call termination on its network, which led to a reduction of about 40% in the costs paid by mobile operators.
For det andet tral' de nationale regulerende myndigheder de nødvendige foranstaltninger til at undersøge de metoder.
The national regulatory authorities took the necessary steps to examine the practices revealed by the Commission.
Med denne tekst, der hovedsagelig henvender sig til telekommunikationsvirksomhederne samt til de nationale myndigheder med ansvar for lovgivningen i denne sektor eller konkurrencespørgsmål, tilstræbes det at redegøre for. hvordan principperne i konkurrenceretten, således som de er udledt af såvel Kommissionens beslutningspraksis som Domstolens retspraksis, vil blive anvendt på aftaler om adgang til telekommunikationsinfrastrukturer.
XXVIIITH REPORT ON COMPETITION POLICY 1998 Ð SEC (99)743 FINAL companies and to the national authorities responsible for regulating the industry or competition, is designed to clarify the way in which the principles of competition law as derived from Commission decisions and Court of Justice case-law are applied to agreements governing access to telecommunications infrastructure.
Kommissionen mener nemlig, at det er vigtigt, at de nye virksomheder på det liberaliserede telemarked sikres uhindret og ikkediskriminerende adgang til disse infrastrukturer, således at de kan høste frugterne af denne åbne politik og give fordelen videre til forbrugerne.
The Commission believes that it is vital for easy, nondiscriminatory access to this infrastructure to be guaranteed for new entrants to the liberalised telecommunications markets so that they can take advantage of open access and pass on the benefits to users.
Meddelelsen forfølger tre mal.
The purpose of the notice is threefold.
For det første at formulere de adgangsprincipper, der følger af EU's konkurrencelovgivning, og dermed skabe større sikkerhed på markedet og mere stabile vilkår for investeringer og erhvervsinitiativer i tele- og multimediesektorerne.
First, to set out access principles stemming from Community competition law in order to create greater market certainty and more stable conditions for investment and commercial initiative in the telecoms and multimedia sectors.
Desuden at definere forholdet mellem konkurrencelovgivning og specifik lovgivning vedtaget med henblik på harmonisering i medfør af traktatens artikel 95.
Second, to define the relationship between competition law and sectorspecific legislation adopted for harmonisation purposes under the Article 95 framework.
Internettet
Notice concerning the status of voice communications on the Internet
Den 7. januar 1998 vedtog Kommissionen et notat om talekommunikation via Internet i henhold til direktiv 90/388/EØF3\ Denne vedtagelse følger efter offentliggørelsen af et første udkast den 2. maj 1997 med henblik på høring og efter en offentlig høringsprocedure36.
On 7 January the Commission adopted a notice concerning the status of voice communications on the Internet pursuant to Directive 90/388/EEC.35 The adoption of this notice followed the publication for comment, on 2 May 1997, of an initial draft and a public consultation procedure.36
Kommissionens holdning er. at en sådan kommunikation endnu ikke kan sidestilles med taletelefoni i fællesskabsdirektivernes forstand, da alle de elementer, der indgår i definitionen af denne tjeneste, endnu ikke er opfyldt (hvad enten den udnyttes kommercielt eller tilbydes offentligheden fra og til terminalpunktcr i det offentlige net, der er opkoblet via det faste telefonnet).
The Commission's position is that such communications do not at present constitute voice telephony within the meaning of the Community directives, since they do not yet satisfy all the criteria laid down in the definition of this service (they must be the subject of a commercial offer and the service must be provided for the public to and from public switched-network termination points).
Medlemsstaterne kan altså ikke pålægge denne tjeneste krav om individuel tilladelse, men allerhøjst lade den underkaste en deklarationsprocedure.
This service may, therefore, be subjected by Member States not to individual licensing procedures but, at the most, to declaration procedures.
Leverandører af taletelefoni mellem to telefonapparater, der er tilsluttet det offentlige opkoblede telefonnet (RTPC) via Internet, kan imidlertid sidestilles med udbydere af taletelefonitjenester og vil være underkastet de regler, der gælder for leverandører af taletelefonitjenester, så snart de tilbyder en service af en kvalitet, der svarer til traditionel taletelefoni.
However, suppliers of voice services between two telephone handsets connected to the PSTN via the Internet may be regarded as providers of voice telephony and will be subject to the relevant regulations once they offer a quality of service equivalent to traditional voice telephony.
1/2-1998. punkt 1.3.33 - FFI' C' 93 af 30.3.1998.
1/2 ±1998, point 1.3.55; OJ C 95, 30.3.1998.
I forventning om. at direktivet vil blive vedtaget, er visse medlemsstater og dominerende virksomheder allerede begyndt at indfore principperne i det kommende direktiv.
Anticipating its adoption, some Member States and dominant companies have already begun to implement the principles enshrined in the draft directive.
Således meddelte Deutsche Telekom i maj. at det ville indføre en strukturel adskillelse mellem sit telefonnet og sine kabeldistributionsnet.
For instance, Deutsche Telekom announced in May that it would create a structural separation between its telephone network and cable networks.
Det nationale jernbaneselskab (SNCF) og Cégétel har indgået en aftale om via selskabet Télécom Développement (TD) at udvikle et fast telefonnet, som skal udnytte jernbanernes infrastrukturer, der sammen med cl-, gas- eller motorvejsnettet udgør el middel til hurtig udbredelse af et nationalt telekommunikationsnet.
SocieÂteÂ nationale des chemins defer (SNCF), the French national railway company, and CeÂgeÂtel have entered into an agreement for the development, via TeÂleÂcom DeÂveloppement (TD), of a fixed-line telephone network using railway infrastructure which, together with electricity, gas or motorway networks, provides a means of rapidly deploying a national telecommunications network.
I henhold til aftalerne skal SNCF give "I'D fortrinsret til udbygning af sit telekommunikationsnet langs jernbanerne, garanteret af en sanktionsklausul, der gælder i 3'/: år.
Under the agreements, SNCF is to grant TD a `priority right' for the deployment of its telecommunications network along railway lines and to provide a guarantee in the form of a penalty clause which will remain in force for three and a half years.
I denne type sag mener Kommissionen, at hovedformålet er at undgå, at adgangen til de fysiske infrastrukturer begrænses al' eksklusivaftaler eller andre aftaler med lignende virkninger i den periode, hvor konkurrencen indføres.
In cases of this type, the Commission takes the view that the main objective is to avoid, while competition is in the process of emerging, a situation in which access to physical infrastructure is restricted by exclusivity agreements or agreements resulting in de facto exclusivity.
Den fortrinsret, der gives TD. er derfor berettiget, for så vidt som den ikke bindrer SNCF i at lade andre operatører få lov til at udnytte enhver nedlægningsmulighed, der ikke er udnyttet af TD.
Under the circumstances it is thus justifiable to give priority access to TD provided that this does not prevent SNCF from making any spare installation capacity available to other operators.
Inmarsat er en mellemstatslig organisation, der blev oprettet i 1979 på grundlag af en Iraklat. og søm samler mere end 80 lande, der for det meste er repræsenteret ved den tidligere nationale teleoperatør.
Inmarsat is an intergovernmental treaty organisation set up in 1979 with over 80 member countries, normally represented by the former national telecom provider.
Efter en periode på to år ønsker Inmarsat at foretage et offentligt udbud af aktier, som skulle fortynde de tidligere medlemmers kapitalandele.
After a twoyear period, Inmarsat envisages a public offering of shares (IPO) which should dilute the shareholdings of the former signatories.
Omdannet til en virksomhed skulle Inmarsat således ikke længere indlage en fortrinsstilling pa markedel.
Having been converted into a public company, Inmarsat will no longer have a privileged position on the market.
Kommissionen har godkendt omstruktureringen af Inmarsat, bl.a. på grundlag af hypotesen om en kapitalforhøjelse pa kort sigt. Den mener, at denne sag udgør en analysemodel før de øvrige igangværende omstruktureringer i sektoren for mellemstatslige satellitorganisationer.
The Commission gave its approval to the restructuring of Inmarsat on the basis that a capital increase will take place within a short period of time.
Efter vedtagelsen af postdirektivet3Kommissionen indledt forberedelserne postdirektivet skal Kommissionen fremlægge et forslag til yderligere liberalisering af postsektoren inden udgangen af 1998 efter en gennemgang af sektoren.
According to the postal services directive, the Commission should table a proposal for further liberalisation of the sector before the end of 1998, following a comprehensive review.
Senest den 1. januar 2000 skal Parlamentet øg Rådet træffe afgørelse om yderligere gradvis og kontrolleret liberalisering af postmarkedet.
By 1 January 2000 Parliament and the Council are to decide on the further gradual and controlled liberalisation of the postal market.
For at kunne føretage en omfattende gennemgang af sektoren har Kommissionen iværksat en række undersøgelser af forskellige liberaliseringsaspekter.
With the aim of carrying out a comprehensive review of the sector, the Commission has initiated a number of studies on different aspects of liberalisation.
Desuden blev der bestilt en sjette undersøgelse Modellerings- øg kvantificeringsscenarier for liberalisering — baseret på resultaterne af de første fem undersøgelser.
A sixth study, on modelling and quantifying scenarios for liberalisation, based on the results of the first five studies, has also been commissioned.
Desuden gik Kommissionen videre med sin undersøgelse al' REIMS II-aftalen41om terminalafgifter, som er del udtryk, der anvendes før de afgifter, en posttjeneste, der sender grænseoverskridende post. skal betale den modtagende posttjeneste for at omdele posten til de endelige modtagere.
The Commission also pursued its examination of the REIMS II agreement41on terminal dues, which is the term used for the fees that a postal operators ending crossborder mail has to pay to the receiving postal operator for delivering the mail to its final addressee.
I et memorandum til de anmeldende parter gav Kommissionen udtryk for bekymring med hensyn til visse bestemmelser i aftalen.
In a memorandum sent to the notifying parties, the Commission expressed its concerns regarding certain provisions in the agreement.
Efter en række kontakter med Kommissionen indgik 12 af parterne en tillægsaftale, som ændrer og præciserer den oprindelige aftale.
Following a series of consultations with the Commission, twelve of the parties entered into a supplementary agreement amending and clarifying the original agreement.
I november 1998 blev indholdet af den ændrede REIMS II-aftale offentliggjort i De Europæiske Fællesskabers Tidende42.
In November the contents of the amended REIMS II agreement were published in the Official journal.42 In that notification, the Commission stated that it intended to take a favourable view of the agreement in the light of improvements to benefit customers.
I forbindelse med offentliggørelsen gav Kommissionen udtryk for. at den havde til hensigt at stille sig positivt til aftalen søm følge af de forbedringer, der var foretaget til gavn for forbrugerne, og den opfordrede tredjeparter til inden da at fremsætte deres bemærkninger.
Before doing so, it invited third parties to send in their comments.
De offentlige posttjenester i Nederlandene og Sverige har anmeldt en bilateral aftale om terminalafgifter til Kommissionen.
The public postal operators of the Netherlands and Sweden notified the Commission of a bilateral agreement on terminal dues.
Kommissionens undersøgelse af aftalen gav ikke anledning til. al der træffes foranstaltninger efter EF-traktatens artikel 81. stk. 1.
The Commission's examination of the agreement did not reveal any grounds for action under Article 81(1) of the EC Treaty.
Kommissionen afsluttede derfor sagen med en administrativ skrivelse til parterne.
Consequently, the Commission closed its file by means of a comfort letter to the parties.
Da denne udvikling fortsætter ind i det meste århundrede, ma konkurrencepolitikken videreudvikles for at tage hensyn hertil.
As these developments continue into the next century, competition policy will need to evolve accordingly.
Kommissionen ønsker at udforme
The Commission aims to set out its policy in the form of various key decisions.
' Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv om helles regler for udvikling af Fællesskabets indre marked for posttjenester og forbedring af disse tjenesters kvalitet, direktiv 97/67/EF. F.FT I. 15 af 21.1.1998. s. 14.
Most of these should be published in 1999 and are expected to relate to digital platforms and broadcasting rights for sports events.