natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der findes allerede flere eksempler på mel lemregionalt samarbejde i regionen: Konferencen af Nordvesteuropæiske Regioner, Nordsøkommissionen og dens forsamling af regionale og lokale myndigheder, de nordlige regioner (som omfatter regioner i de nordiske lande).
They would promote the development of new knowledge-intensive activities exploiting the dense network of research centres and higher education institutions in the region, in particular in fields where there is a high level of know-
I mange tilfælde findes der i temmelig afsides be liggende områder udmærkede steder for udvikling af vedvarende energi, så som vindenergi og have-
It is estimated that the carrying capacity of the Rhine and of the canals in the North west of the Union could be doubled without major widening or the construction of new locks.
Hovedhavn med vækstpotentiale
Primary transport axes in need of strengthening
Faste soforbindelser jLfe
Secondary transport axes
Hovedsofragtruter
Primary urban centres to
Tertiær havn med vækstpotentiale
Port under pressure to retain status
Lufthavne i fremgang fce-β-β Store kanaler
Secondary transport axes in need of strengthening
Mulighed for fremtidig vækst
Secondary urban centres
Mulighed for fremtidig tilbagegang
Primary port with growth potential
Rustningsindustri Uddannelse/forskning Fibktibeslande
Secondary port with growth potential
Nordsøregionerne og bidrager til genetablering af bestandene og til en bedre rentabilitet i visse lokale flåder.
More over expertise in new techniques of shipbuilding could be exploited to meet the prospective in creased demand for modern energy-efficient ships with high safety standards.
I de regioner, hvor intensivt landbrug hidtil er blevet praktiseret på magre jorder, og hvor prisfaldet som følge af reformen af den fælles landbrugspolitik kan medføre et fald i indkomsten, samtidig med at produktionsomkostningerne uændret eller stiger, er det muligt, at man burde gå over til et ekstensivt landbrug.
This needs to be combined, however, with a strengthening of measures, especially fiscal, aimed, on the one hand, at discouraging toxic emissions whether by transport, industry or electricity generation and the excessive use of chemicals by agriculture and, on the other, at encouraging the development of alternative practices.
Denne strategi kunne tilpasses til den enkelte region, for den offentlige mening og de offentlige myndigheder er bevidst om, at et miljøbevidst landbrug og en bevidst forvaltning af landområderne er af stor langsigtet betydning. Derfor ville sådanne foranstaltninger kunne nyde fremme.
While it is possible to imagine all parts of the region gaining from this under the most favour able circumstances, bringing this about is likely to depend critically on the establishment of closer physical and commercial links not only between the more peripheral and the more central areas but also between the more peripheral areas themselves in order to enhance their common assets and pool their resources.
I øvrigt skal foranstaltninger til en mere ligelig fordeling af den økonomiske udvikling også omfatte hensynet til regionens miljøproblemer.
These measures would also help to reduce the pollution of the North Sea through tackling the problem at source.
Udvikling af en politik for kombineret/transport, der lægger hovedvægten på transportformer, som skåner miljøet, skal ledsages af en udvidelse af søtransporten i Nordsøen, således at fragtmængden på vejene mindskes.
However, to maximise their effect, they need to be accompanied by a strengthening of existing conventions and cooperation agreements among countries bordering the North Sea and the Baltic (which need to be considered together in this regard), whether members of the Community or not, to develop a joint programme of action to protect this common and important resource.
Dette ville være et stort skridt i den rigtige retning.
Fishing and agricultural policy
- udledninger, anstaltninger med hensyn til C02 således at der tilskyndes til at undgå toksiske emissioner på grund af transport samt i industrien og i elektricitetsproduktionen.
The region already provides a number of examples of interregional cooperation to build upon: the Conference of the North Western European Regions, AMRIE (Alliance of Maritime Regional Interests in Europe), the North Sea Commission and its Assembly of local and regional authorities and the Northern Arc (the latter including regions in the Nordic countries).
Tilsvarende foranstaltninger kunne mindske anvendelsen af kemiske produkter i landbruget og derved overflødiggøre den megen kontrol, som er kostbar, og fremme brugen af andre fremgangsmåder.
Links with Norwegian and Swedish regions, in particular, have already been strengthened over the past few years through, for example, the establishment of crossings between Stavanger in Norway and Gothenburg in Sweden and Aberdeen and Newcastle in the UK.
Disse foranstaltninger ville også bidrage til at mindske forureningen af Nordsøen, idet problemet ville blive angrebet ved roden.
For the few areas and local communities still dependent on fishing, prospects may be more favourable in the medium-term with implementation of a new approach under the Common Fisheries Policy, combining the management of fishing capacity with catches.
Fiskeri- og landbrugspolitik
Options for improved environmental protection
Navnlig må man regne med en ny strategi, der om fatter fiskeriforvaltning og fangstforanstaltninger
For the areas where intensive agriculture is practised on poor soils and where the reduction in prices following CAP reform is likely to entail a fall in income, a shift towards quality
De meget perifere områder temmelig omfattende, dog ikke på Madeira, hvor kunsthåndværkstekstil står for en stor del af be skæftigelsen.
Ultra-peripheral regions important. In addition, services are also of considerable significance, especially tourism and public services, except in Madeira where the cottage textile industry accounts for a high share of employ ment.
Samlet set har disse regioner problemer med at diversificere deres økonomi.
In general, these regions are experiencing all the difficulties of economic diversification.
Unionens meget perifere områder har en særlig stilling i kraft af deres afstand til det europæiske kontinent.
The ultra-peripheral regions of the European Union have a place apart because of their distance from the European Continent.
De består af fire oversøiske franske departementer (Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique og Réunion), De Kanariske Øer (Spanien), Acorerne og Madeira (Portugal).
They consist of 4 French Overseas Departments - Guadeloupe, French Guyana, Martinique, Reunion - the Canaries (Spain) and the Azores and Madeira (Portugal).
Disse regioner er karakteriseret af fælles træk, til trods for deres forskelligartethed, især på grund af deres geografi, landskab og historie (se tabel 8).
Despite their diversity, these regions have a number of characteristics in common, largely due to their geographical position, landscape and history (see Table 8).
Transportinfrastrukturerne er utilstrækkelige, selv om der er sket fremskridt for nylig i nogle regioner.
Transport systems remain inadequate (roads, ports, airports) in spite of recent improvements in certain parts.
De har ofte et ganske bemærkelsesværdigt omgivende miljø, der imidlertid er sårbart og giver store problemer (ø-klima, vand, ækvatorialklima eller tropisk klima, erosion, hvirvelstorme og vulkanudbrud), som regionerne ind imellem forvalter i samarbejde med nabolandene (forebyggelse af hvirvelstorme i Det Indiske Ocean, forvaltning af fiskebestande).
They benefit in many cases from a remarkable natural environment, but one which is fragile and subject to significant problems (the island milieu, water, the tropical or equatorial climate, erosion, typhoons and volcanic eruptions), problems which in some cases they tackle with neighbouring countries (typhoon warnings in the Indian Ocean, management of fishing banks).
For alle regionerne er det store problem at for ene den økonomiske udvikling ud fra de naturlige ressourcer (tropisk landbrug, turisme) med en divesificering, som er nødvendig for anstændig beskæftigelse og indkomst til en oftest voksende befolkning, og for bevarelse af et sårbart miljø.
For these regions as a whole, the main challenge is to reconcile, on the one hand, an economic development based on natural assets (tropical agriculture, tourism) - with the diversification of activity necessary to provide employment and a decent level of income to a youthful and growing population - with, on the other, the preservation of a fragile and confined ecology.
I alle disse regioner er BNP pr. indbygger langt lavere end unionsgennemsnittet, og områderne er støtteberettigede under strukturfondenes mål 1.
They are all regions where GDP per head is very much less than the Union average and which are eligible under Objective 1 for Structural Funds support.
De store afstande gør transportomkostningerne særlig høje i forhold til resten af Unionen, hvilket er et handicap i tillæg til områdernes ø-karakter.
Because they are all a considerable distance from the European Continent, transport costs are much higher than in the rest of the Union, which is a burden reinforcing their insularity.
Derfor nyder de i almindelighed visse begunstigelser fra medlemsstaternes side, lige fra skattelettelser til frizoner, og der er også flere andre særlige fordele.
In general they benefit from special concessions from the Member States concerned, in terms of having lower taxes because of their status as export countries or tax-free zones, as well as other specific ad vantages.
De modtager i al mindelighed stor offentlig støtte, i visse regioner (navnlig i Portugal) også store overførsler fra dem, der har forladt regionen.
They also benefit from significant public transfers, double those prevailing generally in the Member State concerned in certain cases (in Portuguese regions, especially), and from the considerable repatriation of income from those who have emigrated.
Disse indkomster mindsker indkomstforskellene mellem regioner ne og medlemsstaten, hvorunder de hører.
These reduce the disparities in disposable income between them and the Member States to which they belong.
Foranstaltninger med henblik på at sikre en så dan udvikling i de meget perifere regioner falder i følgende grupper:
• strengthening and modemising road and sea transport systems, in order to ensure an even spatial distribution of economic activities between coastal and inland areas and to reduce interregional disparities;
- styrkelse og modernisering af vej- og søtransportinfrastrukturerne, så der kan komme lige vægt mellem aktiviteterne i kystregionerne og i indlandet, og så de mellemregionale for skelle mindskes;
With the exception of French Guyana and the Azores, they are generally equally or more densely populated than other regions of the Union. Population is growing strongly because of high birth rates and the return of emigrants (except for the Portuguese islands where natural growth is offset by largescale emigration).
Befolkningen vokser hurtigt på grund af den almindelige befolkningsudvikling og på grund af udvandrere, der vender tilbage (undtagen Portugal, hvor befolkningstilvæksten modsvares af en kraftig udvandring).
• strengthening passenger and freight transport systems (airports, ports), in order to develop commercial relations with Union and other countries and to compete with other parts of the world for tourists;
Deres økonomi hviler stort set på udnyttelse af naturressourcer.
Their economies are based largely on the exploitation of the natural resources they possess.
Landbrug, avl og fiskeri er vig tige.
Agriculture and livestock farming as well as fishing are
- styrkelse af infrastrukturerne for vare- og persontransport (lufthavne, havne), således at der udvikles handelssamkvem med Unionen og resten af verden, og så regionerne kan være med i konkurrencen om at tiltrække turister; rister;
• developing productive systems, so as to diversify the economic base and the chances of selfsustaining development;
Befolkningsudvikling (1980-1990, i%)
Change in population (1980-90,%)
Industriens beskæftigelsesandel (%) - landbrug - industri - serviceerhverv
The share of employment relates to 1986 for the first three regions, to 1990 for Reunion and the Canaries to 1989 for the two Portuguese regions.
Land bruget optager kun 5% af arealet (35% i Unionen), og engarealer optager 3% (24% i Unionen).
Agriculture accounts for only 5% of the land area compared with 35% in the Union and grassland covers 3% as against 24% in the latter.
Skoven dækker 49% af arealet (især i Finland og Sverige), mod 24% i Unionen. Resten består især af golde bjerge, ismark og bræer, som dækker 43% af arealet.
On the other hand, 49% is covered by forest (even more in Sweden and Finland), twice as much as in the Union, while the rest (43%) consists of barren mountains, tundra and glaciers.
De nordiske lande omfatter en af Unionens med lemsstater (Danmark), tre lande, der har søgt om medlemskab af Unionen, og som kan blive med lem i 1995 (Finland, Norge og Sverige), og Island, der har tiltrådt EØS.
The Nordic countries examined here are the three which are set to enter the European Union in 1995 - Finland, Norway and Sweden - and Iceland.
På grund af de res historiske og kulturelle traditioner Jtoldes de nordiske lande sammen af både uformelt og for melt samarbejde (Nordisk Råd og det nordiske ministerråd). De væsentligste resultater af dette sam arbejde er indførelsen af et område med fri bevægelighed for personer, som indførtes i 1954, og et fælles arbejdsmarked.
These are linked by a common history and culture; have cooperation agreements (the Nordic Council and Nordic Council of Ministers, for example) with the other Nordic countries, Denmark^ the Faroe Islands and Greenland, in particular; are part of a passport-free zone (since 1954) and a common labour market and have common recognition of professional qualifications and social security entitlements.
Disse lande danner således et meget spredt ge ografisk område, hvor kommunikation er vanskelig, især i nord.
Communications are difficult, especially in the North.
Motorvejstætheden er meget ringe (mellem 0 og 2 km pr. 1000 km2areal, mod 25 for Tyskland og 16 for Danmark), og for jernbanens vedkommende mellem 12 og 25 km
There are few roads (2 km per thousand square km or less compared with 25 in Germany and 16 in Denmark) or railway lines (25 km per thousand square km or less as against 123 in Germany and 53 in Denmark).
Hovedtræk pr 1000 km2, mod 123 i Tyskland og 53 i Danmark. Derimod er flytransport (11-
By contrast travel by air is more important than in the Union (ranging between 11 and 20 km of flights per inhabitant as against 5 for Germany and 10 for Denmark), as is travel by sea, the countries being surrounded by the Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic and Barents (see Map 45).
De nordiske lande, der her skal behandles (Norge,
Telecommunications are also highly developed (between 500 and 700 trunk lines per thousand people as against 432 in Germany and 482 in France) and the number of mobile tele phones per head is the highest in the world.
Sverige, Finland og Island), råder ovella 15.000 km2, eller mere end halvdelen af Unionens nuværende areal, men befolkningen er kun på 5% af Unionens befolkning.
The four countries together have a land area of 1 215 thousand square km, more than half the present size of the Union, but a population of only 18 million, 5% of the Union's population.
Derfor er der kun 15 indbyggere pr. km2, mod 153 i Unionen. I
Average population density is only 15 people per square km compared with 145 in the Union.
Når søtransporten er vigtig, skyldes det, at landene er omgivet af Atlanterhavet, Nordsøen, Østersøen og Barentshavet (se kort 45).
Because of their geographical position and the extreme cold in the North, population is unevenly distributed.
Telekommunikationsnet tene er særdeles udviklede (500-700 hovedlinjer pr. 1000 indb., mod 432 i Tyskland og 482 i Frankrig).
Most people, 70% or so, live in the South below a line from Bergen to Tampere, which represents only around 25% of the land area.
De nordiske lande har den største mobiltelefontæthed i verden.
Here population density is 44 per square km as against only 6 in the North.
kraft af de klimatiske betingelser er befolkningen ulige fordelt.
The overall structure of economic activity, in terms of employment, is similar to that in the Union.
De fleste bor i syd (70%), syd for en linje mellem Bergen og Tammerfors, hvilket bringer befolkningstætheden op på 44 indbyggere pr. km2i dette område.
In 1990, the proportion employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing ranged from 3% to 10%, in industry from 24% to 31% and in services from 60% to 69%.
Derimod bor der kun 30% af befolkningen i den nordligste del, som omfatter 75% af arealet (bortset fra Island), således at be folkningstætheden af på 6 indbyggere pr. km2.
Fishing is important in Norway (an average of 2.3 million tonnes a year between 1991 and 1993) and Iceland (1.4 million tonnes) - a high proportion of the catch being exported to countries as far away as Spain, Portugal, France and Italy - and forestry in Finland and Sweden (output in these two countries plus Norway being as high as in whole of the Union).
Den primære sektor står for 3-10% af beskæftigelsen i 1990 i de nordiske lande, den sekundære sektor for mellem 24 og 31 %, og den tertiære for mel lem 60 og 69%.
Though the figure for Sweden is somewhat higher at 50%, it still much less than in the Union. While this relatively dispersed distribution of the population might enhance the quality of life it also increases the cost of providing social services.
Bybefolkningen er stærkt koncentreret i Sydskandinavien og i de store byer langs kysten.
The climate and the landscape - almost half the land area lies above 300 metres - has led to a
Den primære sektor præges dog af fiskeriet i Norge (2,3 millioner tons i gennemsnit for 1991
In energy, over 40% more power is produced from hydroelectricity than in the Union, while Norway
Kort 45 Perspektiver set nordfra
Map 45 The Nordic perspective
Nordisk Råds område
Area of the Nordic Council
De baltiske lande
Baltic States produced as much oil from the North Sea in 1993 as the UK.
Norge har en betydelig handelsflåde (nummer to i Europa efter Grækenland).
The public sector is an important employer in the most sparsely populated areas, where local auth orities provide a wide range of services (education, health care and social services, including creche facilities).
og 1993) og i Island (1,4 millioner tons), samt af skovbruget, hvis samlede produktion, der især finder sted i Finland og Sverige, svarer til hele Unionens. nens.
In manufacturing, Sweden is a major force in en gineering in world markets (machine-tools, electrical goods, cars and aircraft) as well as in electronics and telecommunication equipment, which both here and in Finland has emerged as a new and important source of growth.
På energiområdet bemærker man vandkraftens store betydning (209 GWh for de fire nordiske lande i 1990, mod 147 for hele Unionen), og Norge er en stor olieproducent med 2,3 millioner tønder pr. dag i 1993, svarende til Det Forenede Kongerige, og af naturgas, hvor man regner med 28 milliarder m3 i 1994.
In services, the Norwegian merchant fleet is second only to Greece in Western Europe in terms of the number of registered ships.
Bruttonationalproduktet pr. indbygger udtrykt i købekraftenheder ligger omkring Unionens gen nemsnit, bortset fra for Island. Hvis index 100 er Unionens gennemsnit, er index for Finland 95, for Sverige 103, for Norge 103 (gennemsnit 19901992), og 122 for Island (1990).
In terms of trade, the four countries accounted, on average, for over 10% of total imports of Union Member States in 1993 (or around 30% of imports from non-Union countries) and 8% of exports (around 25% of the total to non-Union countries), Denmark, Germany, the UK and the Netherlands being particularly important trading partners.
Uddannelsesniveauet ligner de bedste i Unionen, og kvinderne er stærkt integreret i arbejdslivet (mere end tre fjerdedel af kvinderne, lidt forskelligt fra land til land).
Average GDP per head in the four countries is much the same as the average in the Union (in terms of PPS), slightly below in Finland, slightly above in Norway and Sweden and significantly above in Iceland.
Disse tjenester står endnu for tre fjerdedele af beskæftigelsen i det offentlige, selv om visse sektorer er blevet privatiserede.
Connections within the countries themselves, with other countries in the region and with the rest of the Europe, all need to be improved and made more direct.
Endelig har Sverige en betydelig produktion af jernmalm (20 millioner tons i 1993).
Participation of women of working-age in the labour force is considerably above the Union average (75% as against 60%) - though lower than in Denmark.
De nordiske lande nes fortsatte mulighed for at eksportere deres vig tigste ressource til Unionen, nemlig fisk, navnlig til Det Forenede Kongerige og Tyskland. Den ten dentielle fremtid for forholdet mellem Island og Unionen afhænger af de bestemmelser, der kan træffes om at undgå en overudnyttelse af ressourcerne ud over arternes formeringstærskel.
Nordic countries considerable current - and historical - concern, partly because of the ethnic structure of the population (especially the Sami in the North), partly be cause of the scale and range of serious problems: acid rain which is threatening forests and fish in the lakes; sea pollution which is harming marine life and damaging the coastline; tourism which is spoiling parts of the countryside and even the grazing of livestock in some areas because the climate makes it difficult for plant species to recover.
Med hensyn til udenrigshandel står de nordiske lande for over 10% af Unionens import (eller 30% af dens import fra tredjelande) og for 8% af Unionens eksport (eller 25% af eksporten fra tredjelande) i 1993.
Prospects permanently harsh climate and are sparsely populated, but which have low unemployment and an income per head close to that elsewhere because of regional policy, a large public sector and the existence of capital-intensive units of production generating high value-added per person employed (hydroelectricity generating stations and mining and processing industries).
Samhandelen finder især sted med de nærmeste lande, nemlig Danmark, Det Forene de Kongerige, Tyskland og Holland.
These remote areas are well served by vocational training centres, universities, research centres and road, rail, air and sea links, particularly in Norway, all of which provides them with good communications with the South.
Med hensyn til fysisk planlægning står disse lande først og fremmest over for transportproblemer.
This kind of policy has enabled important natural resources (wood, iron ore and other minerals) to be developed and has maintained in digenous populations (such as the Sami), with their own cultural heritage, in the area.
Det gælder om at organisere interne forbindelse i de nordiske lande på et nationalt grundlag (eller multinationalt for Skandinavien), men også om at udbygge direkte og hurtige forbindelser med det europæiske kontinent.
It is this unique situation, which has no existing parallel in the Union, which has led to the creation of a new Objective 6 under the Community's regional policy (see Fifth Periodic Report for details).
For Finlands, Norges og Sveriges vedkommende vil indmeldelse i Unionen betyde hurtigere åbning af Skandinavien i kraft af styrkelsen af jernbaneog vejforbindelsen med dels Danmark og Tyskland, dels Østeuropa (bro mellem Danmark og Sverige, svenske højhastighedstog, forbindelser mellem Sydfinland og Unionen via Rusland, de baltiske lande og Polen).
The entry of three of the four countries into the European Union in 1995 and for Iceland its membership of the European Economic Area are likely to be major determinants of their future develop ment.