natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Domstolen godkendte Rettens fremgangsmåde. Retten udtalte sig således ikke om lovligheden af et sådant afslag, men undersøgte, om proceduren, dersom afslaget ikke havde foreligget, var mundet ud i et andet resultat.
The Court of Justice acknowledgedthat, in order to perform effectively its task of implementing competition policy,the Commission was entitled to give differing degrees of priority to thecomplaints brought before it, but the discretion which it had for that purpose wasnot unlimited.
Ifølge Domstolen kunne en sådan konklusion ikke føre til, at kun uskyldige får ret til kontradiktion, idet den pågældende virksomhed ikke skal bevise, at Kommissionens beslutning, såfremt virksomheden havde haft adgang til svarene fra de øvrige producenter for meddelelsen af klagepunkter, ville have fået et andet indhold, men blot, at den havde kunnet anvende de pågældende dokumenter til sit forsvar.
In particular, it could not regard as excluded in principle from itspurview certain situations which came under the task entrusted to it by the Treaty,but had to assess in each case how serious the alleged interferences withcompetition were and how persistenttheir consequences were.
Andre afgørende aspekter findes i dommen i sagen Kommissionen mod Anic Partecipazioni.
According to the Court, the Commission remained competent if anti-competitive effects continuedafter the practices which caused them had ceased.
For det første anerkendte Domstolen i dommen, at henset til karakteren af de pågældende overtrædelser samt til karakteren og graden af hårdhed af de hertil knyttede sanktioner er ansvaret for at have begået overtrædelserne individuelt.
In deciding to discontinueconsideration of a complaint against such practices on the ground of lack of
Med hensyn til bevisbyrden for overtrædelserne udtalte Domstolen for det andet, at det var med rette, at Retten, uden ubehørigt at vende bevisbyrden om, fandt, at det — efter at Kommissionen havde ført bevis for, at en virksomhed havde deltaget i de møder, hvorunder prisinitiativerne var blevet besluttet, tilrettelagt og kontrolleret — påhvilede virksomheden at føre bevis for, at den ikke havde tilsluttet sig dem.
Community interest, the Commission therefore could not rely solely on the factthat practices alleged to be contrary to the Treaty had ceased,without havingascertained that anti-competitive effects no longer continued and, if appropriate,that the seriousness of the alleged interferences with competition or thepersistence of their consequences had not been such as to give the complaint a
Hvad angår dommen af 4. marts 1999 i sagen Ufex m.fl. mod Kommissionen (sag C-l 19/97 P, Sml. I, s. 1341) blev Domstolen anmodet om at præcisere, i hvilket omfang Kommissionen var i stand til at afvise klager i forbindelse med traktatens artikel 86 (nu artikel 82 EF) som følge af manglende fællesskabsinteresse.
On 2L September L999 the Court gave judgment in three casesconcerning the application of the competition rules to conditions governing theaffiliation of undertakings to sectoral pension funds (Case C-67196 At b any International v Stichting Bedrffipensioenfonds Textielindustrie,, Joined Cases C-I15197, C-1 16197 and C-l 17 197 Brentjens' Handelsonderneming v Stichting Bedrijfspensioenfonds voor de Handel in Bouwmaterialen and Case C-219197Maatschappij Drijvende Bokken v Stichting Pensioenfonds voor de Vervoer- en Havenbedrijven, all not yet reported in the ECR).
Sagsøgerne bestred for det første Rettens udtalelser, hvoraf fremgik, at Kommissionen ved vurderingen af fællesskabsinteressen var berettiget til at lægge vægt på andre relevante faktorer end dem, Retten havde opregnet i Automec II-dommen.
The Court ruled, first, that a decision taken by organisations representingemployersand workers in a given sector, in the context of a collective agreement,to set up in that sector a single pension fund responsible for managing asupplementary pension scheme and to request the public authorities to makeaffiliation to that fund compulsory for all workers in that sector did not fall withinthe scope of Article 85 of the Treaty.
Domstolen tog ikke dette anbringende til følge, idet den udtalte, at eftersom vurderingen af en klages interesse for Fællesskabet afhænger af omstændighederne i hvert enkelt konkrete tilfælde, bør antallet af kriterier, som Kommissionen kan lægge vægt på, ikke begrænses, og det bør modsat heller ikke pålægges Kommissionen udelukkende at anvende bestemte kriterier.
In reaching that conclusion, the Courtrelied in particular on the social provisions of the EC Treaty and stated that whileit was beyond question that certain restrictions of competition were inherent incollective agreements between organisations representing employersand workers,the social policy objectives pursued by such agreements would be seriouslyundermined if management and labour were subject to Article 85(1) of the Treatywhen seeking jointly to adopt measures to improve conditions of work andemployment.
Domstolen tilsidesatte derimod Rettens udtalelser, hvorefter konstateringen af nogle tidligere overtrædelser ikke var i overensstemmelse med den opgave, der var tildelt Kommissionen ved traktaten, og at denne derfor lovligt kunne beslutte, at det ikke var hensigtsmæssigt at behandle en klage over nogle former for praksis, der senere var bragt til ophør.
According to the Court, it therefore followed from an interpretationof the provisions of the Treaty as a whole which was both effective and consistentthat agreements concluded in the context of collective negotiations betweenmanagement and labour in pursuit of such objectives had to be regarded, becauseof their nature and purpose, as falling outside the scope of Article 85(1) of the Treaty.
Med henblik på at kunne udføre opgaven med at gennemføre den fælles konkurrencepolitik effektivt er Kommissionen berettiget til at prioritere de klager, den modtager, forskelligt, men den skønsbeføjelse, den råder over i denne forbindelse, er ikke
That was so in the case of agreements which were concluded in the formof collective agreements, following collective negotiations between organisationsrepresenting employersand workers, and sought generally to guarantee a certainlevel of pension for all workers in the sector, thus contributing directly toimproving one of their working conditions, namely their remuneration. It also
Ifølge Domstolen er Kommissionen imidlertid stadig kompetent, såfremt der fortsat består konkurrencebegrænsende virkninger, efter at de former for praksis, der har forårsaget dem, er bragt til ophør.
On the other hand, the Court held that such pension funds were undertakingswithin the meaning of Article 85 et seq.of the Treaty inasmuch as they engagedin an economic activity in competition with insurancecompanies.
Kommissionen kan således ikke alene under henvisning til, at de former for praksis, der hævdes at være i strid med traktaten, er bragt til ophør, beslutte at henlægge en klage over de pågældende former for praksis på grund af sagens manglende interesse for Fællesskabet uden at have undersøgt, om der fortsat består konkurrencebegrænsende virkninger, og om de påståede indgreb i konkurrencen i givet fald er så grove eller fortsat har sådanne virkninger, at klagen derfor er af interesse for Fællesskabet.
The fundsthemselves determined the amount of the contributions and benefits and operatedin accordance with the principle of capitalisation, the amount of the benefits provided dependedon the financial results of the investments made by them, andin certain circumstances they could or had to grant exemption from affiliation toundertakings insured by other means.
I tre domme af 21. september 1999 udtalte Domstolen sig om anvendelsen af konkurrencereglerne på bestemmelser om virksomheders tilslutning til en erhvervspensionsfond (sag C-67/96, Albany International, Sml.
The Member States could not be precluded, when determining whatservices of general economic interest to entrust to certain undertakings, fromtaking account of objectives pertaining to their national policy, and the Netherlands supplementary pension scheme fulfilled an essential social functionin the pensions system of that State.
Tvisterne ved de tre nederlandske retter var opstået som følge af, at nogle virksomheder havde nægtet at betale bidrag til erhvervspensionsfonde, som det var blevet obligatorisk at være tilsluttet.
In Joined Cases C-215196 and C-216196 Bagnascoand Others v BPN and Carige [1999] ECR I-135, the Court was asked to consider the compatibilitywith Article 85(1) of the EC Treaty of standard bank conditions which the
Ifølge Domstolen følger det således af en formålsbestemt og sammenhængende fortolkning af traktatens bestemmelser som helhed, at aftaler, der indgås i forbindelse med kollektive forhandlinger mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter med
A particular feature of thiscase is that the Commission had already examined those standard bank conditionsin the light of Artic,le 85 and had found that they were not capable of appreciablyaffecting trade between Member States.
sådanne målsætninger for øje, som følge af deres karakter og formål må anses for ikke at falde ind under traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1. Dette var tilfældet med aftaler indgået i form af en kollektiv overenskomst og udgørende resultatet af kollektive forhandlinger mellem arbejdsgiver- og arbejdstagerorganisationerne, og som i sin helhed sigter mod at sikre alle arbejdstagerne inden for branchen et vist pensionsniveau og således bidrager direkte til en forbedring af et af arbejdstagernes arbejdsvilkår, nemlig deres løn.
The conditions, first, allowed banks, in contracts for current-account creditfacilities, to change the interest rate at any time by reason of changes on the money market, and to do so by means of a notice displayedon their premises orin such manner as they considered most appropriate.
Derimod fandt Domstolen, at sådanne pensionsfonde var virksomheder som omhandlet i traktatens artikel 85 ff., eftersom de udøvede en økonomisk virksomhed i konkurrence med forsikringsselskaberne.
The Court found that, sinceany variation of the interest rate dependedon objectivefactors, such a concertedpractice was not covered by the prohibition under Article 85 inasmuch as it couldnot have an appreciable restrictive effect on competition.
Disse fonde fastsætter selv bidragene og ydelserne og bygger på et kapitaliseringsprincip, ydelserne afhænger af de økonomiske resultater af de investeringer, de foretager, og de kan eller skal, alt efter tilfældet, fritage virksomheder, som er forsikret andetsteds, for at være tilsluttet.
As regards theconditions which imposed certain clauses relating to the provision of generalguarantees the Court, relying in particular on the findings madepreviously by the Commission, held that they were not, taken as a whole, liable to affect tradebetweenMember States. Nor did the application of those two sets of conditionsconstitute abuse of a dominant position within the meaning of Article 86 of the
Endelig fastslog Domstolen, at en sådan fond kunne anses for at indtage en dominerende stilling som omhandlet i traktatens artikel 86 (nu artikel 82 EF), men at den eneret, som den har til at administrere tillægspensionsordnmger inden for en bestemt branche, og den hermed forbundne konkurrencebegrænsning kunne være begrundet efter traktatens artikel 90, stk. 2 (nu artikel 86, stk. 2, EF), som en foranstaltning, der er nødvendig med henblik på opfyldelsen af en særlig social opgave i almenhedens interesse, som var pålagt fonden.
France argued that the contested national measures, namely graduated reductions of employers' social security contributions forundertakings in certain manufacturing sectors, were not caughtby Article 92(1)of the Treaty (now Article 87(1) EC), since the advantage conferred was only thequid pro quo of exceptional additional costs which the undertakings had agreedto assumeas a result of the negotiationof collective agreements and that, in anyevent, taking account of those additional costs, the contested measures wererevealed to be financially neutral.
Når medlemsstaterne fastsætter de tjenesteydelser af almindelig økonomisk interesse, som de overdrager visse virksomheder at udføre, kan de ikke være afskåret fra at tage hensyn til deres egne indenrigspolitiske mål, og den nederlandske tillægspensionsordning har netop en vigtig social funktion i denne stats pensionssystem.
The Court did not accept that line of argument.It pointed out first of all that the costs arose from collective agreements concludedbetween employersand tradeunions which undertakings were bound to observe,and were included, by their nature, in the budgetsof undertakings.
Domstolen fastslog endelig, at en ophævelse af disse fondes eneret kunne medføre, at det blev umuligt for dem at opfylde de opgaver af almindelig økonomisk interesse, som var betroet den, på acceptable økonomiske vilkår, og bringe deres økonomiske balance i fare.
It also foundthat those agreements were liable to generate gains in competitiveness forundertakings, so that it was impossible to evaluatewith the required accuracy their final cost for undertakinss.
I Bagnasco-sagei). blev Domstolen spurgt, om nogle standardbankvilkår, som Associazione Bancaria Italiana pålagde sine medlemmer at anvende ved indgåelse af aftaler om åbning af kontokurantkredit og om kaution for nuværende og fremtidige forpligtelser, var forenelige med
While the Court's judgments in the field of indirect taxation aregenerally technical in nature and relatively limited in their scope, two cases concluded in 1999 are worth noting.
EF-traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1 (dom af 21.1.1999, forenede sager C-215/96 og C-216/96, Bagnasco m.fl., Sml. I, s. 135).
Gregg concerned the scope of the exemptions for certain activities in the public interest, provided for by Article 13A(1) of Directive 77l388lEEC.
Et særligt kendetegn ved denne sag var bl.a., at Kommissionen allerede havde undersøgt de nævnte standardbankvilkår i lyset af traktatens artikel 85 og havde fundet, at de ikke kunne påvirke handelen mellem medlemsstaterne, hverken som helhed eller mærkbart.
The Court replied in the negative, stating that itsinterpretation was consistent with the principle of fiscal neutrality which wasinherent in the common system of VAT and in compliance with which theexemptions provided for in Article 13 of the Directive 771338had to be applied.
Domstolen udtalte, at eftersom ændringen i rentesatsen afhang af objektive forhold som f.eks. ændringer på pengemarkedet, faldt en sådan aftale ikke ind under forbuddet i artikel 85, idet den ikke kunne begrænse konkurrencen mærkbart.
The Court found, first, thatcharges constituted taxes for the purposes of the directive where they werecollected for drawing up notarially attested acts recording a transaction coveredby the directive under a system where notarieswere employed by the State andthe charges in question were paid in part to that State for the financing of itsofficial business.
Hvad angår reglerne om visse betingelser vedrørende kaution for nuværende og fremtidige forpligtelser fandt Domstolen med støtte i de konstateringer, Kommissionen tidligere havde foretaget, at de ikke som helhed kunne påvirke handelen mellem medlemsstaterne.
It then stated that a tax in the form of a chargecollected fordrawing up a notarially attested act recording a change in a company's name andregistered office should be regarded as having the same characteristics as capitalduty in so far as it was calculatedby reference to the company's share capital.Otherwise it would be possible for Member States, while refraining fromimposing taxes on the raising of capital as such, to tax that capital whenever thecompany amended its articles of association, thereby enabling the objectivepursued by the directive to be circumvented.
Det følger endvidere af dommen, at anvendelsen af disse to typer regler ikke udgør et misbrug af en dominerende stilling i traktatens artikel 86's forstand.
Thus, where such a chargeamounted to a tax for the purposes of the directive, it was in principle prohibitedunder the directive and that prohibition could be relied on by individuals in
Selv om de domme, Domstolen afsagde på området for indirekte beskatning, generelt er kendetegnet ved at være tekniske og af en relativt begrænset rækkevidde, er der ikke desto mindre to sager, som blev afsluttet i 1999, og som fortjener at blive fremhævet.
Finally, the charge at issue could notfall within the derogation for duties paid by way of fees or dues since its amountincreased in direct proportion to the capital raised and without any upper limit fiudgment of 29 September 1999 in Case C-56/98 Modelo v Director-Geral dos Registos e lt'lotariado, not yet reported in the ECR).
På området for merværdiafgift (moms) adskiller dommen af 7. september 1999 i Gregg-sagen (sag C-216/97, Sml.
The Court delivered 10 judgments in 1999 in the field of publicprocurement, most in response to questions posed by national courts concerningthe interpretation of Community directives.
Sagen vedrørte rækkevidden af undtagelserne til fordel for visse former for virksomheder af almennyttig karakter som fastsat i artikel 13, punkt A, stk. 1, i direktiv 77/388/EØF n, idet den nationale ret nærmere bestemt spurgte, om anvendelsen af udtrykkene institutioner og organer medførte, at afgiftsfritagelsen var forbeholdt juridiske personer, hvorved fysiske personer, der drev en virksomhed, var udelukket fra at være omfattet af afgiftsfritagelsen.
In the case of AlcatelAustria. the national court was uncertain whether Austrian legislation was compatible with Directive 89l6651EEC, which regulatesprocedures for reviewing the award of public supply and public works contracts 1a and, if it was not, whether that directive could directly overcome the inadequacies of national law fiudgment of 28 October L999 in Case C-81/98
Sagen, der verserede ved Supremo Trubunal Administrativo, Portugal, gav anledning til spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt den portugisiske lovgivning vedrørende notargebyrer for oprettelse af offentlige dokumenter, hvorved en udvidelse af selskabskapitalen samt ændring af et selskabs navn og hjemsted attesteres, var forenelig med direktivet.
In accordance with Austrian law as it applied at the time of this case, the contracting authority's decision as to whom to award thecontract was one taken internally; there was no public notification of the decisionand it was not open to challenge.
Domstolen bemærkede endvidere, at skatter eller afgifter i form af gebyrer, der opkræves for oprettelse af notarialdokumenter, hvorved ændring af et kapitalselskabs navn eller hjemsted attesteres, skulle
It followed that a bidder who had participatedin a tender procedure could not have that decision annulled, and was entitled onlyto claim damages once the contract consequent upon the award decision had been concluded.
Rådets sjette direktiv af 17.5.1977 om harmonisering af medlemsstaternes lovgivning om omsætningsafgifter — Det fælles merværdiafgiftssystem: ensartet beregningsgrundlag (EFT L 145, s. 1).
In its judgment, the Court found first of all that a system of that kind was notcompatible with the Community directive since it might lead to the systematic removal of the most important decision of the contracting authority, that is to saythe award of the contract, from the purview of the measuresenvisaged in Article2(1Xa) and (b) of Directive 891665,namely the adoption of interimmeasures by way of interlocutory procedures and the setting aside of decisions.The Member States were required to ensure that the contracting authority'sdecision prior to the conclusion of the contract was in all cases open to review ina procedure whereby an applicant could have that decision set aside if the relevantconditions were met.
Rådets direktiv af 17.7.1969 (EFT 1969 II, s. 405).
Secondly, faced with that Austrian system in which therewas no administrative law measure that the persons concerned might acquire
anses for at frembyde samme kendetegn som kapitaltilførselsafgiften, såfremt disse skatter eller afgifter beregnes på grundlag af selskabets selskabskapital.
It pointed out, however, that in suchcircumstances, those concerned could seek compensation, under the appropriateprocedures in national law, for the damage suffered by reason of the failure totranspose a directive within the prescribed period.
Hvis det forholdt sig anderledes, ville medlemsstaterne kunne pålægge kapitaltilførsler en afgift i forbindelse med ændringer af et kapitalselskabs vedtægter, samtidig med at de undlod at pålægge kapitaltilførslen som sådan afgift, og at direktivets formål på denne måde ville kunne omgås.
I8.2. lnTeckal, the national court was uncertain whether a local authority hadto follow the tendering procedures for public contracts provided for by Directive 93l36lEEC ls where it entrusted the supply of products to a consortium of whichit was a member. In its judgment, the Court of Justice noted first of all that,under the legislation governing public contracts in respect of products, whetherthe supplier is or is not itself a contracting authority is not conclusive.
Sådanne gebyrer er derfor, når de udgør skatter eller afgifter i direktivets forstand, i princippet forbudt i medfør af direktivet, og dette forbud kan påberåbes af borgerne for de nationale domstole.
It thenstated that a public contract exists where the contract is for valuable considerationand concluded in writing, and that it is therefore necessary to determine whetherthere has been an agreement between two separate persons.
Endelig kunne de omtvistede gebyrer ikke være omfattet af den undtagelsesbestemmelse, der er fastsat til fordel for gebyrer, der har karakter af vederlag, eftersom størrelsen af gebyrerne steg direkte proportionalt med den tegnede kapital (dom af 29.9.1999, sag C-56/98, Modelo, Sml. I, s. 6427).
In that regard, inaccordance with Article 1(a)of Directive 93136,it is, in principle, sufficient if thecontract was concluded between, on the one hand, a local authority and, on theother, a person legally distinct from that local authority.
Ifølge østrigsk ret, sådan som denne var gældende på tidspunktet for sagens omstændigheder, var den ordregivende myndigheds afgørelse om, hvem der skulle have tilslag, en afgørelse, som blev truffet i ordregiverens interne organisationssystem, som ikke fremtrådte i forhold til tredjemænd, og som ikke kunne anfægtes.
19.The increasing importance of intellectual property in the functioning ofthe economy is reflected in the development of the litigation to which it givesrise.
Det fulgte heraf, at en bydende i en udbudsprocedure ikke kunne få ordregiverens afgørelse kendt ugyldig, men på grundlag af den efterfølgende indgåede kontrakt alene kunne kræve erstatning.
As in previous years, the Court considered time and again the First Council
I dommen udtalte Domstolen for det første, at et sådan system ikke var foreneligt med fællesskabsdirektivet, eftersom det kunne bevirke, at den ordregivende myndigheds vigtigste beslutning, nemlig tilslaget, systematisk faldt uden for de foranstaltninger, der er fastsat i artikel 2, stk. 1, litra a) og
Directive 89lt04lEEC of 21 December 1988 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks, 16 in particular Article 3 (grounds forrefusal of registration or invalidity), Article 5 (rights conferred by a trade mark),
Rådets direktiv af 21.12.1989 om samordning af love og administrative bestemmelser vedrørende anvendelsen af klageprocedurerne i forbindelse med indgåelse af offentlige indkøbs- samt byggeog anlægskontrakter (EFT L 395, s. 33).
Council Directive 93/36/EEC of 14 June 1993coordinatingprocedures for the award of publicsupply conftacts (OJ 1993 L 199,p. 1).
b), i direktiv 89/665, nemlig træffeisen af foreløbige foranstaltninger i en hastesag og muligheden for annullation.
Article 6 (limitation of the effects of a trade mark) and Article 7 (exhaustion ofthe rights conferred by a trade mark).