natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Først bemærkedes vedrørende fastlæggelsen af den af garantiordningen omfattede personkreds, at direktivet finder anvendelse på krav, som arbejdstagere i medfør af en arbejdsaftale eller et ansættelsesforhold har erhvervet i forhold til insolvente arbejdsgivere.
Consequently, the plaintiffs instituted proceedings against the Italian Republic, seeking an order that by virtue of its obligation to apply Directive 80/987 as from 23 October 1983 it should pay them the sums due to them by way of arrears of wages - at least the last three monthly payments - or, in default thereof, to pay them damages.
Bestemmelserne herom er ubetingede og tilstrækkeligt præcise til, at nationale domstole kan tage stilling til, om en person er omfattet af direktivet.
The direct effect of the provisions of the directive defining employees' rights.
Dernæst bemærkedes vedrørende indholdet af garantiordningen, at det i direktivet er bestemt, at der skal træffes foranstaltninger med henblik på at sikre arbejdstagerne betaling af tilgodehavender, der hidrører fra arbejdsaftaler eller ansættelsesforhold, og som vedrører løn for perioden inden en bestemt af vedkommende medlemsstat fastsat dato.
The issue raised in the first part of the first question submitted by the national court was whether the provisions of the directive which defined the rights of workers had to be interpreted as meaning that they could enforce those rights against a Member State before Its national courts in the absence of implementing measures adopted within the prescribed period.
Medlemsstaterne har efter direktivet en vis valgfrihed ved fastsættelsen af den dato, fra hvilken garantien for betaling af tilgodehavender skal bestå.
According to settled case-law, a Member State which had not adopted the implementing measures required by a directive within the prescribed period was not entitled to plead, as against individuals, its own failure to perform the obligations which the directive entailed.
Herved udtaltes, at det af Domstolens praksis imidlertid klart lader sig udlede, at den omstændighed, at en medlemsstat har frihed til at vælge mellem flere mulige midler for at nå det ved et direktiv tilsigtede mål, ikke afskærer privates adgang til eventuelt ved de nationale retter at påberåbe sig sådanne rettigheder, hvis indhold med tilstrækkelig nøjagtighed kan fastslås alene på grundlag af direktivets bestemmelser.
Thus, wherever the provisions of a directive appeared, as far as their subject-matter was concerned, to be unconditional and sufficiently precise, those provisions might, in the absence of implementing measures adopted within the prescribed period, be relied upon as against any national provision which was Incompatible with the directive or in so far as the provisions defined rights which Individuals were able to assert against the State (judgment In Case 8/81 Becker [1982] ECR 53, paragraphs 24 and 25.
Faktisk kan det på grundlag af valget af den dato, som bebyrder en garantiinstitution mindst, fastslås, hvilken mindstegaranti der efter direktivet bliver tale om.
As regards, first, determination of the persons covered by the guarantee, it was to be noted that the directive applied to the claims of employees deriving from contracts of employment or employment relationships against employers who were insolvent.
Hvad angår bestemmelsen om, at medlemsstaterne for at undgå udbetaling af beløb, der overstiger direktivets sociale sigte, kan fastsætte et loft over garantien for betaling af arbejdstagernes tilgodehavender, samt bestemmelsen om at direktivet ikke berører medlemsstaternes mulighed for at træffe foranstaltninger, der måtte være nødvendige for at undgå misbrug, bemærkede Domstolen, at en medlemsstat, der ikke har opfyldt sin forpligtelse til at gennemføre et direktiv, ikke kan ophæve de rettigheder, som direktivet skaber for private under henvisning til den adgang til at begrænse garantiens omfang, som den havde kunnet påberåbe sig, såfremt den havde truffet de foranstaltninger, der var nødvendige for at gennemføre direktivet.
As regards, secondly, the subject-matter of the guarantee, the Directive provided that payment had to be ensured of outstanding claims deriving from employment contracts or employment relationships in respect of remuneration for the period prior to a date specified by a Member State.
Det måtte herefter fastslås, at de omhandlede bestemmelser er ubetingede og tilstrækkeligt præcise, for så vidt angår garantiens indhold.
The Directive allowed the Member State to choose the date as from which the guarantee of payment of claims was to be assured.
Af direktivets bestemmelser fremgår det endelig vedrørende spørgsmålet om, af hvem garantien skal opfyldes, at en medlemsstat er forpligtet til at etablere en fuldstændig, passende administrativ ordning, idet den dog herved har et vidt skøn ved fastlæggelsen af de nærmere bestemmelser om garantiinstitutionernes opbygning, finansiering og virksomhed.
However, as was implicit in the case-law of the Court, the States' entitlement to choose from a wide range of possible means of attaining the results prescribed by the Directive did not mean that private Individuals could not enforce before the national courts rights whose subject-matter could be determined with sufficient precision on the basis of the provisions of the Directive alone.
Heraf måtte følge, at selv om de omhandlede bestemmelser i direktivet indholdsmæssigt fremstår som tilstrækkeligt præcise og ubetingede, for så vidt angår fastlæggelsen af den af garantien omfattede personkreds og garantiens indhold, udgør dette ikke et tilstrækkeligt grundlag for privates adgang til at påberåbe sig disse bestemmelser ved de nationale domstole.
It was possible to define the minimum guarantee provided for in the Directive by reference to such date as might be chosen that involved the lightest burden for the institution giving effect to the guarantee.
Spørgsmålet om statens erstatningsansvar for tab som følge af undladelse af at opfylde forpligtelser, der påhviler den i medfør af fællesskabsretten
It was apparent from the terms of the Directive that Member States were entitled to limit the guarantees granted to employees to certain periods prior to the chosen date, which were determined by reference to that date, so that it was possible, in any event, to establish how far the Member State concerned was entitled to reduce the guarantee provided for by the directive by reference to the date which it would have chosen If it had transposed the Directive.
Den nationale ret havde rejst spørgsmål om et eventuelt ansvar for staten og spørgsmålet om et sådant ansvars omfang for tab, der er forvoldt ved en undladelse af at opfylde forpligtelser, der påhviler medlemsstaten i medfør af fællesskabsretten.
As regards the provision under which the Member States were entitled to fix a ceiling for the guarantee of payment In order to avoid paying sums which were out of proportion to the social aim pursued by the Directive and the provision to the effect that the Directive was not to detract from the power of the Member States to adopt the measures necessary to prevent abuse, the Court stated that a Member State which had failed in its obligation to transpose a directive could not frustrate the rights attributed by the Directive to individuals by relying on Its power to limit the amount of the guarantee which It could have exercised if it had adopted the measures necessary to Implement the Directive.
a) Det principielle spørgsmål om ansvar for medlemsstaten
Therefore, the provisions in question were unconditional and sufficiently precise regarding the subject-matter of the guarantee.
Domstolen bemærkede først, at der ved EØF-Traktaten er etableret en særegen retsorden, der er en del af medlemsstaternes retsordener og bindende for medlemsstaternes domstole, og som ikke blot medlemsstaterne, men også disses retssubjekter er undergivet, og at fællesskabsretten, på samme måde som den skaber forpligtelser for private, også må afføde rettigheder for dem, der indgår i den retstradition, de tilhører.
As regards, finally, the identity of the person required to discharge the guarantee, it was apparent from the terms of the Directive that the Member State was under an obligation to set up an appropriate Institutional system but that the Member State enjoyed a wide discretion regarding the organization, functioning and financing of guarantee institutions.
Sådanne rettigheder opstår ikke blot, når de udtrykkeligt tillægges ved Traktatens bestemmelser, men også i kraft af forpligtelser, som Traktaten på en ganske klar måde pålægger såvel private som medlemsstaterne og Fællesskabets institutioner.
The payment obligation was Incumbent upon the guarantee institutions and It was only by exercising its power to organize the guarantee system that the State could make provision for full financing of the guarantee Institutions by the public authorities.
Endvidere bemærkedes, at det af Domstolens faste praksis fremgår, at de nationale retter, der inden for deres kompetence skal anvende fællesskabsrettens bestemmelser, skal sikre, at disse bliver fuldt ud virksomme og værne de rettigheder, som ved dem er tillagt private.
In those circumstances, the State assumed an obligation which, In principle, was not Incumbent upon it.
Det måtte fastslås, at der ville ske indgreb i den fuldstændige, effektive gennemførelse af fællesskabsreglerne og i den ved dem tilsikrede retsbeskyttelse, såfremt private ikke havde mulighed for at få tilkendt erstatning, når deres rettigheder krænkes ved en tilsidesættelse af fællesskabsretten, der kan tilregnes en medlemsstat.
It followed that, even if the provisions of the Directive at Issue were sufficiently precise and unconditional regarding identification of the beneficiaries of the guarantee and the subject-matter of that guarantee, those factors were not sufficient to enable individuals to rely on those provisions before the national courts.
Adgangen til at rejse et erstatningskrav over for en medlemsstat fandtes særlig nødvendig, når den fulde virkning af fællesskabsreglerne, som tilfældet var i sagen, er betinget af en virksomhed fra medlemsstatens side, og altså når private ikke, når denne virksomhed ikke foreligger, ved de nationale domstole kan påberåbe sig de rettigheder, der er tillagt dem ved fællesskabsretten.
In the first place, those provisions did not specifically identify the guarantor and, secondly, the State could not be regarded as guarantor merely because it had not adopted implementing measures within the prescribed period.
Heraf følger, at princippet om ansvar for staten for tab, der er forvoldt private ved tilsidesættelser af fællesskabsretten, som kan tilregnes den, er indbygget i Traktatens system.
The liability of the State for damage arising from infringement of the obligations incumbent upon it under Community law
En af disse forpligtelser er således forpligtelsen til at bringe de retsstridige virkninger af en tilsidesættelse af fællesskabsretten ud af verden.
The national court also raised the question of the liability of the Member State - and the scope of any such liability - for damage deriving from infringement of the obligations incumbent upon 1t under Community law.
b) Betingelserne for statens ansvar
The principle of State liability
8 antoges der, ud fra kravet om en fuldstændig og effektiv gennemførelse af denne fællesskabsretsnorm, at kunne pålægges medlemsstaten erstatningsansvar, når tre betingelser er opfyldt.
The full effectiveness of Community law would be undermined and the rights deriving from it would be less well safeguarded if individuals were unable to obtain reparation when their rights were undermined by an infringement of Community law Imputable to a Member State.
Den første betingelse er, at der efter direktivets formål bl.a. bliver tale om, at private tillægges rettigheder.
The first such condition was that the result to be achieved by the Directive involved the attribution of rights attaching to individuals.
Den anden betingelse er, at indholdet af disse rettigheder kan fastlægges på grundlag af direktivets bestemmelser.
The second condition was that the subject-matter of those rights could be identified by reference to provisions of the Directive.
Den tredje betingelse er endelig, at der er årsagsforbindelse mellem tilsidesættelsen af den staten påhvilende forpligtelse og det tab, der er tilføjet private.
Finally, the third condition was the existence of a causal link between the Infringement of the obligation incumbent upon the Member State and the damage suffered by the persons aggrieved.
Er disse betingelser opfyldt, har private ifølge Domstolen krav på erstatning, og dette krav er direkte hjemlet i fællesskabsretten.
Those conditions were sufficient to confer on individuals entitlement to obtain compensation, based directly on Community law.
Med denne begrænsning skal en medlemsstat efter nationale erstatningsregler genoprette følgerne af den forvoldte skade.
Subject to that reservation, it was on the basis of national law concerning liability that the Member State concerned was required to compensate for the damage caused.
Det er nemlig i mangel af fællesskabsregler på området den enkelte medlemsstat, der i sin retsorden må udpege de kompetente retsinstanser og fastlægge de tvistemålsregler, hvorved de rettigheder, private har i kraft af fællesskabsretten, kan sikres en fuldstændig beskyttelse.
In the absence of Community rules, it was for the legal system of each Member State to designate the competent courts and lay down the procedures for legal proceedings Intended fully to safeguard the rights of Individuals under Community law.
Det bemærkedes desuden, at de formelle og materielle betingelser ifølge de forskellige nationale erstatningsregler ikke kan være mindre gunstige end de betingelser, der skal være opfyldt for anerkendelsen af lignende krav, der støttes på national ret, og ikke må udformes på en sådan måde, at det i praksis bliver umuligt eller uforholdsmæssigt vanskeligt at opnå erstatning.
The Court also stated that the substantive and formal conditions laid down by the legislation of the Member States concerning compensation for damage could not be less favourable than those applicable to similar claims of an Internal nature and could not be so arranged as to make It virtually impossible or excessively difficult to obtain compensation.
På baggrund heraf er det i det foreliggende tilfælde den nationale ret, der efter nationale erstatningsregler må sikre arbejdstagernes ret til erstatning for det tab, der er forvoldt dem som følge af undladelsen af at gennemføre direktivet.
In those circumstances, it was the responsibility of the national court to give effect, In the context of national law on liability, to the right of workers to obtain compensation for damage suffered by them as a result of failure to transpose the directive.
Domstolen kendte for ret:
The Court held as follows:
Bestemmelserne i Rådets direktiv 80/987/EØF af 20. oktober 1980 om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes lovgivning om beskyttelse af arbejdstagerne i tilfælde af arbejdsgiverens insolvens, som fastlægger arbejdstagernes rettigheder, skal fortolkes således, at de berørte arbejdstagere ikke over for en medlemsstat for de nationale retter kan påberåbe sig disse rettigheder i henhold til nævnte direktiv, såfremt der ikke rettidigt er truffet foranstaltninger til dets gennemførelse.
Council Directive 80/987/EEC of 20 October 1980 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of the employer which define employees' rights must be Interpreted as meaning that Interested parties may not assert those rights against the State In proceedings before the national courts in the absence of Implementing measures adopted within the prescribed period.
En medlemsstat ifalder erstatningsansvar for privates undladelsen af at gennemføre direktiv 80/987/EØF'."
A Member State is obliged to make good the damage suffered by individuals as a result of the failure to implement Directive 88/987/EEC."
Generaladvokat Jean Mischo fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet den 28. ma.i 1991.
Mr Advocate General Jean Mischo delivered his Opinion at the sitting on 29 Mav 1991.
Bestemmelserne i direktiv 80/987 er ikke tilstrækkeligt præcise og ubetingede til at kunne stifte rettigheder, der kan gøres gældende af private ved domstolene.
The provisions of Directive 80/987 are not sufficiently precise and unconditional to create rights which Individuals may enforce in legal proceedings.
Da selskabet ved købet af kornet havde erlagt den afgift, det anser for at være i strid med fællesskabsretten, krævede det afgiften tilbagebetalt for perioden fra den 1. juli 1986 til den 31. maj 1988.
Community law must be interpreted as meaning that individuals must be allowed to claim, before a national court, compensation from a Member State for damage suffered by them as a result of
En afgift, der kun gælder i en kort periode, men som rammer et stort antal produkter, kan være neutral i den forstand, at den ikke medfører ændringer i landbrugsproduktionens struktur. Hvis afgiften derimod indbyder producenterne til delvis at erstatte produktionen af afgiftsbelagte produkter med en produktion af andre, afgiftsfrie produkter, kan afgiften fremkalde forvridning på flere markeder.
The principle upon which the present judgment is founded, according to which, by virtue of Community law, a Member State may incur liability by Infringing Community law, cannot be invoked by persons who suffered damage before the date of the present judgment, with the exception of those who Instituted legal proceedings or lodged an equivalent objection before that date.
Domstolen kendte for ret:
In view of the answer given to the first question, the second and third questions have become devoid of purpose."
Generaladvokat Jean Mischo fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Sjette Afdeling) den 11. iuni 1991.
19.11.91 (Preliminary ruling) (Compatibility with Community law of a parafiscal charge on cereals) (Sixth Chamber)
"Efter det således anførte, skal jeg foreslå, at det forelagte spørgsmål besvares således:
The charge in question was levied on approved collectors and producers of grain in respect of all quantities of common wheat, durum wheat, barley and maize sold or put to use.
Fællesskabsretten skal fortolkes således, at den er til hinder for en afgift som den i hovedsagen omtvistede, såfremt:
It was also levied on importers in respect of quantities of those cereals which were imported.
- provenuet af afgiften helt eller delvis skal anvendes til betaling af udgifter, som udelukkende kommer de indenlandske producenter til gode;
Since, on purchasing those cereals, it paid the above-mentioned charge, which it considered contrary to Community law, it sought recovery thereof for the period from 1 July 1986 to 31 May 1988.
- afgiften opkræves ved import af produkter afledt af korn, men tilbagebetales ved fremstilling af de samme afledte produkter på nationalt territorium;
Its application was dismissed by a decision of Directeur des Services Fiscaux du Finistère and it Instituted proceedings against that decision before the Tribunal de Grande Instance, Morlaix.
- afgiften hindrer de ved den pågældende fælles markedsordning indførte mekanismer i at fungere."
The machinery of a common market organization such as the market in cereals was intended essentially to achieve a price level at the production and wholesale marketing stages which took account both of the Interests of
(Præjudiciel) "Den Fælles Toldtarif - fritagelse for videnskabelige apparater - tilsvarende videnskabelig værdi" (Domstolens plenum)
Those objectives could be undermined by national measures having an appreciable effect on the level of market prices.
Ved kendelse af 17. juli 1990, indgået til Domstolen den 6. september s.a., havd Bundesfinanzhof i henhold til EØF-Traktatens artikel 177 forelagt et præjudiciel spørgsmål vedrørende gyldigheden af Kommissionens beslutning 83/348/EØF af 5. juli 1983, hvorved det blev fastslået, at apparatet "Jeol-Scanning Electron Microscope, model JSM-35C" ikke kan indføres med fritagelse for told efter Den Fælles Toldtarif (EFT L 188, s. 22).
A short-term charge levied on a large number of products might be neutral In so far as it did not bring about any changes in the structure of agricultural production. On the other hand, if the charge encouraged producers to replace some of the taxed products by untaxed products it was liable to cause disturbances in a number of markets.
Tvisten vedrørte toldfritagelse for et videnskabeligt apparat indført i Fællesskabet.
With respect to the charge at issue in the main proceedings, it was apparent from the file on the case that it had been Introduced In 1953 and was levied only on 3 types of cereals, namely wheat, barley and maize, In other words a yery limited number of agricultural products.
"Kommissionens beslutning 83/348/EØF af 5. juli 1983, hvorved det blev fastslået, at apparatet "Jeol-Scanning Electron Microscope, model JSM-35C" ikke kan indføres med fritagelse for told efter Den Fælles Toldtarif, er ugyldig."
"Community law, and in particular the machinery of the Common Agricultural Policy laid down for the cereals sector in, inter alia. Regulation No 27/75 of the Council of 29 October 1975 on the common organization of the market in cereals, precludes a Member State from levying a charge on a limited number of agricultural products over a prolonged period where such a charge is likely to encourage market participants to modify their patterns of production or consumption.
Generaladvokat F. G. Jacobs fremsatte forslag til afgørelse den 11. november 1991.
It is for the national court to determine whether the charge at issue in a dispute before it has had such effects".
(Præjudiciel) "Arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed - indirekte forskelsbehandling - socialsikringsbidrag" (Anden Afdeling)
"Having regard to all the foregoing considerations, I propose that the Court answer the question submitted as follows:
Spørgsmålet var blevet rejst under en sag mellem URSAFF og anpartsselskabet Hostellerie Le Manoir vedrørende socialsikringsbidrag, der af Le Manoir som arbejdsgiver skulle indbetales i forbindelse med den irske statsborger Noreen Haugh's ophold som praktikant på Le Manoir i perioden 4. april-30. september 1985.
Community law must be Interpreted as meaning that it precludes a charge such as the one at Issue in the main proceedings in cases where: the financial resources raised by the charge are wholly or partly appropriated to expenditure for the exclusive benefit of national producers;
I overensstemmelse med sin praksis udtalte Domstolen, at det forhold, at en person leverer tjenesteydelser på grundlag af en kontrakt som praktikant, ikke kan være til hinder for at betegne praktikanten som arbejdstager, forudsat at de er tale om udøvelse af faktisk og effektiv beskæftigelse, og at de væsentlige bestanddele i et arbejdsforhold foreligger.
12 the charge is levied on the import of products derived from cereals but reimbursed in respect of the manufacture of the same derived products within national territory; the charge has the effect of Impeding the operation of the machinery provided for by the common organization of the markets In question."
Det forhold, at størrelsen af arbejdsgiverbidraget til den sociale sikring afhænger af, hvilken kategori af praktikanter der er tale om, påvirker disse arbejdstageres adgang til praktikanttjeneste.
21.11.91 (Preliminary ruling) (Common customs tariff - Exemption for scientific apparatus - Equivalent scientific value) (Full Court)