natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Da retten herefter ikke kunne forvente at modtage et eksekutionsfundament og således ikke var kompetent til at stadfæste arresten, var det ikke nødvendigt at tage stilling i hen­hold til domskonventionens artikel 20 til, om det sagsøgte selskab havde haft mulighed for at modtage sagens indledende proceskrift i så god tid, at det havde kunnet varetage sine interesser under sagen.
Since therefore, in the absence of any expectation of the enforceable judgment, the court had no jurisdiction to confirm the attachment, it was not necessary to inquire, pursuant to Article 20 of the Brussels Convention, whether the defendant had received the docu­ment instituting the proceedings in sufficient time to enable it to arrange for its defence.
Fortolkning af konventionen — nationale procesretlige begreber — henvisning til na­tional ret — henvisning til de nationale regler, der finder anvendelse på tidspunktet for sagen
Interpretation of the Convention — Concepts used in national procedural law — Reference to national law — Construed as a reference to the national provisions in force at the time of litigation
Fortolkning af konventionen — protokollen af 3. juni 1971 — ingen forelæggelse for Domstolen — »acte clair«­doktrinen
Interpretation of the Convention — Protocol of 3 June 1971 — Reference to the Court of Justice — Not necessary — Acte clair
Kompetence — foreløbige, herunder sikrende retsmidler — begreb — henvisning til national ret — begæring om en foreløbig forholdsregel i form afbetaling af et afdrag — konventionens artikel 24 fandt anvendelse
Jurisdiction — Provisional and protective measures — Concept — Reference to na­tional law — Claim for interim damages — Included
Cour d'appel definerede følgelig de i artikel 24 omtalte foreløbige, herunder sikrende retsmidler i henhold til de franske retsregler, der var gældende på det pågældende tids­punkt, og fastslog, at den foreløbige karakter, som enhver foreløbig forholdsregel, der træffes i medfør af artikel 484 i den franske Nouveau code de procédure civile, har, uden undtagelse opfyldte de i artikel 24 opstillede kriterier for, at retten i en anden stat end den, hvor den ret, der er kompetent til at påkende sagens realitet, er beliggende, kan træffe de foreløbige, herunder sikrende forholdsregler, som er påtrængende nødvendi­ge.
Going on to define on that basis the provisional or protective measures referred to by Article 24, having regard to the French legislation currently in force, the court held that the provisional nature ascribed by Article 484 of the new French Code of Civil Proce­dure to any interlocutory decision satisfied, without any possible exception, the criteria by reference to which Article 24 authorized the courts of a Contracting State to grant provisional or protective measures, even though the courts of another Contracting State had jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.
Da artikel 809, stk. 2, i samme lov endvidere udtrykkeligt anførte betaling af et af­drag til fordringshaveren i den situation, hvor fordringens eksistens ikke reelt kan bestri­des, som et eksempel på en sådan forholdsregel, kunne det ved at sammenholde bestem­melserne konstateres, at præsidenten for Tribunal de grande instance de Nanterre med føje havde erklæret sig kompetent til at afgøre spørgsmålet om betaling af et afdrag.
In addition, Article 809(2) of the same Code expressly included amongst those measures the award of an interim sum to the plaintiff where the existence of the obligation could not seriously be contested. Read to­gether, those provisions showed that the President of the Tribunal de Grande Instance had rightly held that he had jurisdiction to decide on the claim for interim damages.
(fortsat 3) hold til konventionen, og hvis iværksættelse i domsstaten skal ske inden for en frist, der er fastsat ved lov, og som følger af selve den nævnte retsafgørelse.«
(continued 3) ment was given had not yet expired to exercise the discretion given to it in this respect by Article 38.
Den afgørelse i sagen for den nationale ret, der blev truffet i tilslutning til denne dom, er omtalt under 1­38 — Β 4.
For the decision given in the main proceedings following upon this judgment see 1­38 — Β 4 infra.
1­25.0 — A 3 Dom af 21. maj 1980'), sag 125/79, Denilauler mod SNC Couchet Frères (anmodning om præjudiciel afgørelse indgivet af Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main) Sml.
1-25.0 — A 3 Judgment of 21 May 1980,1 Case 125/79, Denilauler ν SNC Couchet Frères [1980] ECR 1553 (Preliminary ruling requested by the Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main) Advocate General: H. Mayras (p. 1572)
Anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse — bestemmelser om prøvelse af forkyndelsen af det indledende processkrift i sagen og den retsafgørelse, som skal fuldbyrdes (artiklerne 27, nr. 2, 46, nr. 2, 47, nr. 1) — finder ikke anvendelse på retsafgørelser, der træffes uden høring af modparten, og som skal fuldbyrdes uden forudgående forkyndelse for denne
Recognition and enforcement — Provisions on the verification of service of the docu­ment instituting the proceedings (Articles 27(2), 46(2) and 47(1) — Not applicable to decisions given ex parte and enforceable without prior service on the party
Anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse — afgørelser omfattet af konventionen — retsafgørel­ser, der i domsstaten er blevet truffet eller har kunnet træffes efter en kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling
Recognition and enforcement — Decisions covered by the Convention — Decisions which were or should have been preceded in the adjudicating State by adversary pro­ceedings
Anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse — retsafgørelser, der tillader foreløbige, herunder sik­rende foranstaltninger — ikke anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse ifølge afsnit III, når retsafgørelserne er truffet, uden at den part, mod hvem de er rettet, er blevet tilvarslet, eller de skal fuldbyrdes uden forudgående forkyndelse.
Recognition and enforcement — Decisions authorizing provisional or protective measures — No recognition and enforcement under Title III for ex parte decisions en­forceable without prior service
Processprog : Tysk.
1 — Language of the case: German.
(fortsat 1) uden at debitor var mødt ved nogen af forhandlingerne overhovedet.
(continued 1)
Kendelsen af 23. marts 1979 blev tilsyneladende først forkyndt for debitor den 3. maj 1979; han kærede omgående kendelsen til Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main, der forelagde Dom stolen følgende spørgsmål :
The debtor, who had not taken part in any of the proceedings, did not receive notice of the decision of 23 March 1979 until 3 May 1979; he immediately appealed against that decision to the Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main, which referred the following questions to the Court of Justice :
Omfatter konventionens artikler27, nr.2, og46, nr.2, også de sager, i hvilke der uden høring af modparten bliver truffet afgørelse om foreløbige, sikrende retsmidler?
Do Articles 27(2) and 46(2) also apply to proceedings in which provisional protective measures are taken without the opposite party's being heard?
Skal konventionens artikel 47, nr. 1, forstås således, at den part, der begærer fuldbyrdelse, også skal fremlægge de dokumenter, hvoraf det fremgår, at den retsafgørelse, som skal fyldbyrdes, er forkyndt, når afgørelsen vedrører et foreløbigt, rent sikrende retsmiddel?
Is Article 47 (1) of the Convention to be interpreted as meaning that the party applying for enforcement must also produce the documents which establish that the judgment of which enforcement is sought has been served, even if that judgment concerns a provisional and purely protective measure?
Kan den part, mod hvem fuldbyrdelsen begæres, uanset bestemmelserne i konventionens artikel 34, stk. 2, under en appel eller genoptagelse efter konventionens artikel 36, stk. 1, rettet mod tilladelsen til at fuldbyrde en foreløbig, sikrende foranstaltning efter konventionens artikel 24, fremsætte indsigelser mod selve kravet, uanset hvornår de grunde, hvorpå indsigelserne støttes, er opstået? Kan den part, mod hvem fuldbyrdelsen begæres, i sådanne tilfælde navnlig er klære modregning med en fordring på rekvirenten, som den pågældende part al lerede havde, inden det foreløbige retsmiddel blev anordnet i domsstaten?
May the party against whom enforcement is sought and who, in addition to the rule contained in the second paragraph of Article 34 of the Convention, exercises the appeal available under the first paragraph of Article 36 of the Convention against authorization of enforcement of a provisional protective measure within the meaning of Article 24 of the Convention, plead objections to the claim itself irrespective of the time at which the grounds for the objection arose; in cases of this sort can therefore the party against whom enforcement is sought set off a claim which he already possessed against the applicant before the provisional measure was taken in the first State?
Såfremt spørgsmål 3besvares bekræftende: Indebærer den omstændighed, at den part, mod hvem fuldbyrdelsen begæres, har udnyttet det til rådighed stående retsmiddel mod domsstatens afgørelse og støttet dette på de samme indsigelser mod kravet, som den pågældende part har fremsat i appelsagen efter konventionens artikel 36, stk. 1, at den pågældende part er afskåret fra at fremsætte indsigelserne mod selve kravet under en appelsag i henhold til denne bestemmelse?«
If the third question is answered in the affirmative, is it possible in appeal proceedings under the first paragraph of Article 36 of the Convention to oppose the objections relied upon against the claim by the party against whom enforce ment is sought on the grounds that that party has appealed in the proper way against the judgment in the State in which it was given and has founded that ap peal on the same objections against the claim itself as he has raised in the appeal under the first paragraph of the said Article 36?"
Det anføres, at det netop er formålet med denne type foreløbige eller sikrende foranstaltninger at skabe en overraskelsesvirkning, der skal sikre rekvirentens truede rettigheder, således at rekvisitus forhindres i at bortskaffe sine formuegoder, ganske uanset om de er tvistens gen stand eller skal udgøre kreditors sikkerhed.
"4 These questions first seek to know whether decisions of the judicial authorities of a Contracting State ordering provisional and protective measures, where the party against whom they are directed has not been summoned to appear and does not be come aware of them until after their enforcement, may be recognized and made en forceable in another Contracting State without prior service on the party against whom they are directed (Questions 1 and 2).
At gøre anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse af den pågældende type afgørelser betinget af, at de forinden er blevet forkyndt for modparten allerede under sagen i den kontraherende domsstat, ville være ensbetydende med at berøve dem ethvert indhold.
They secondly seek clarification of the objections which the party against whom enforcement is sought may raise when lodging the appeal against the enforcement order as provided by Article 36 of the Con vention (Questions 3 and 4).
Regeringen erkender, at et sådant krav fjerner den særlige overraskelseseffekt fra disse afgørelser og fratager dem enhver praktisk betydning, hvilket er ensbetydende med, at an erkendelse og fuldbyrdelse af de pågældende beslutninger ikke vil kunne ske.
6 The Commission, the Italian Government and the plaintiff in the main action ex press the opinion in their observations that such judgments must be recognized as enforceable in the Contracting State addressed without prior service on the party against which they are directed.
Regeringen finder imidlertid, at denne konsekvens er mindre alvorlig end de efter dens opfattelse uantagelige risici, som virksomheder, der har tilgodehavender i for skellige kontraherende stater, udsættes for ved en sagsbehandling, der ville forpligte fuldbyrdelsesstatens retter til at tillade retsmidler, som blokerer tilgodehavender i nævnte stat, uden at ejeren nogen sinde får lejlighed til at ytre sig, hverken for retten i domsstaten eller for retten i fuldbyrdelsesstaten, på trods af, at de pågældende tilgodehavender retmæssigt kan have haft til formål at dække andre forpligtelser.
The specific object of this type of provisional or protective measure is thought to be to produce a surprise effect intended to safeguard the threatened rights of the party seeking them by preventing the party against whom they are directed from removing the assets in its possession, whether they be the subject-matter of the dispute or con stitute the creditor's security.
Kun ret terne i den stat, hvor tilgodehavenderne befinder sig, er efter regeringens opfattelse i stand til med fuldt kendskab til sagens omstændigheder at afgøre, om det er nødvendigt at tillade foreløbige eller sikrende retsmidler af den pågældende karakter.
To stipulate that the recognition and the enforcement of such types of judgments must be subject to their prior service on the other party and from the stage of the proceedings in the Contracting State of origin would, it is said, make them totally meaningless.
7 I konventionens artikel 27 opregnes de betingelser, som i en kontraherende stat skal være opfyldt for, at retsafgørelser truffet i en anden kontraherende stat kan an erkendes.
The United Kingdom Government, on the other hand, is of the opinion that the recognition and the enforcement of these judgments must be subject to the conditions set out in Articles 27,46 and 47 as regards service on the other party.
Ifølge artiklens nr. 2 skal anerkendelse nægtes, 'såfremt det indledende processkrift i sagen ikke forskriftsmæssigt er blevet forkyndt for ... den udeblevne sagsøgte i så god tid, at han har kunnet varetage sine interesser under sagen'.
It acknowledges that this requirement removes the surprise effect peculiar to such decisions and destroys all their practical value so that it virtually amounts to a refusal to recognize and enforce the decisions in question.
Det be stemmes nærmere i artikel 46, nr. 2, at den part, der søger anerkendelse af en retsafgørelse eller begærer fuldbyrdelse af en sådan, hvor det drejer sig om en udeblivelsesdom, afsagt i en anden kontraherende stat, bl.a. skal fremlægge bevis for, at det indledende processkrift i sagen er blevet forkyndt for eller meddelt den udeblevne part.
However, it feels that the effect of this is not so serious as what it regards the intolerable risks which would have to be run by un dertakings having assets in different Contracting States as a result of a procedure which obliges the courts of the State addressed to authorize measures freezing assets located in that State without the owner of those assets having ever had the opportunity to put forward his version of the case either before the court of the State of origin or before the court of the State addressed when such assets may have been legitimately intended to meet other obligations.
8 Disse bestemmelser er klart ikke indrettet til at skulle anvendes på retsafgørelser, der i henhold til en kontraherende stats lovgivning skal træffes i fravær af den part, mod hvem de er rettet, og fuldbyrdes uden forudgående forkyndelse.
Only the court having jurisdiction in the State in which the assets are located is in a position to determine, in the full knowledge of the facts of the case, the necessity to authorize this type of provisional or protective measure.
Det fremgår af en sammenligning mellem de forskellige sproglige versioner af de relevante tek-
The United Kingdom Government further contends that its point of view
(fortsat 3) ster, herunder navnlig de udtryk, der anvendes for at betegne den part, der ikke er til stede, at bestemmelserne tager sigte på en principielt kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling, hvorunder retten dog alligevel kan træffe afgørelse, når den behørigt tilvarslede sagsøgte ikke møder.
(continued 3) does not create a lacuna in the scheme of the Convention because Article 24 enables any party to apply to the courts of a Contracting State for such provisional or protective measures as may be available under the law of that State, even if the courts of another Contracting State have jurisdiction as to the substance of the matter.
9 Det samme gælder for konventionens artikel 47, nr. 1, hvorefter den part, der be gærer fuldbyrdelse, skal fremlægge et dokument, hvoraf det fremgår, at retsafgørelsen efter domsstatens lovgivning er eksigibel og er forkyndt.
Under Article 27 (2) a judgment shall not be recognized 'if the defendant was not duly served with the document which instituted the proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to arrange for his defence'.
Denne bestemmelse, som angår både domme afsagt efter kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling og udeblivelsesdomme i domsstaten, kan pr. definition ikke finde anvendelse på afgørelser som de i tvisten foreliggende, der har en anden karakter.
Article 46 (2) stipulates that a party seeking recognition or applying for enforcement of a judgment given in default in another Contracting State must produce amongst other documents the document which es tablishes that the party in default was served with the document instituting the pro ceedings or notice thereof.
10 Af den omstændighed, at artiklerne 27, nr. 2, 46, nr. 2, og 47, nr. 1, ikke kan finde anvendelse på afgørelser af den her omhandlede type, uden at de fratages deres ind hold og rækkevidde, kan det imidlertid ikke sluttes, at de alligevel skal anerkendes og fuldbyrdes i den stat, som begæringen rettes til.
8 These provisions were clearly not designed in order to be applied to judgments which, under the national law of a Contracting State, are intended to be delivered in the absence of the party against whom they are directed and to be enforced without prior service on him.
Det må undersøges, om retsafgø relser af denne type, ud fra konventionens system og de formål, der søges opnået, kan være omfattet af den ved konventionen indførte forenklede anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse.
It is apparent from a comparison of the different language versions of the words in question and in particular from the terms used to describe the party who does not appear that these provisions are intended to refer to proceedings in which in principle both parties participate but in which the court is nevertheless empowered to give judgment if the defendant, although duly summoned, does not appear.
11 Til støtte for et bekræftende svar herpå har Kommissionen og den italienske regering gjort gældende, at konventionen, jfr. artikel 25, omfatter enhver retsafgørelse truffet af en ret i en kontraherende stat, uden at der herved sondres mellem retsafgø relser, der afsiges i en kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling, og retsafgørelser, der afsiges, uden at modparten er blevet tilvarslet.
9 The same applies to Article 47(1) of the Convention under which the party seek ing enforcement must produce documents which establish that, according to the law of the State in which it has been given, the judgment is enforceable and has been served.
Det anføres vi dere, at havde de kontraherende stater haft til hensigt på dette punkt at begrænse konventionens anvendelsesområde, ville dette være sket udtrykkeligt i teksten.
This provision which relates to judgments in cases in which both parties par ticipate as well as to judgments in default delivered in the State of origin cannot by definition apply to judgments such as the type in dispute, which have a different character. acter.
13 Samtlige bestemmelser i konventionen, både i afsnit II om kompetencen og i af deling III om anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse, bringer til udtryk, at det er hensigten, at det inden for rammerne af konventionens mål må påses, at sager, der fører til retsafgørelser, finder sted i former, der sikrer retten til kontradiktion.
11 In favour of an affirmative answer, the Commission and the Italian government maintain that, according to Article 25, the Convention covers all decisions given by the courts of the Contracting States without distinguishing between those involving adversary proceedings and those given without the other party's being summoned to appear.
Det er på grund af de garantier, der tilstås sagsøgte under sagen i domsstaten, at konventionen i afsnit III er meget liberal med hensyn til anerkendelse og fuldbyrdelse. I lyset af disse betragtninger bliver det klart, at konventionen i det væsentlige tager sigte på
As is apparent from Article 24 the field of application of the Convention em braces protective and provisional measures which, under the law of the different Contracting States and by reason of their very nature or their urgency, are often
(fortsat 4) retsafgørelser, der, før der indgives begæring om anerkendelse eller fuldbyrdelse heraf i en anden stat end domsstaten, i domsstaten på den ene eller anden betingelse er blevet truffet eller har kunnet træffes efter en kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling.
(continued 4) adopted without the opposite party's having first been heard. The Contracting States cannot have intended to restrict the field of application of the Convention to such an extent without express mention being made to that effect.
Det kan derfor ikke udledes af konventionens almindelige opbygning, at retsafgørelser af den i sagen omhandlede type ikke kan nægtes anerkendt og fuldbyrdet, fordi en sådan hensigt ikke er bragt udtrykkeligt til udtryk i konventionen.
Finally, it may clearly be seen from Article 34 of the Convention, which states that in the proceedings for an enforcement order 'the party against whom enforcement is sought shall not at this stage of the proceedings be entitled to make any submissions on the application', that the Convention itself recognizes that proceedings in which only one party is heard are, where circumstances justify them, in keeping with the basic principle of the rights of the defence.
14 Den analogislutning fra konventionens artikel 34, der gøres gældende, kan ej heller tillægges afgørende vægt.
It is because of the guarantees given to the defendant in the original proceedings that the Convention, in Title III, is very liberal in re gard to recognition and enforcement.
Den — i øvrigt foreløbige — ikke-kontradiktoriske karakter af proceduren til meddelelse af fuldbyrdelsespåtegning må netop ses i sam menhæng med konventionens mere liberale regler for fuldbyrdelsen, et forhold, der har sin berettigelse deri, at der i domsstaten faktisk har fundet eller har kunnet finde kontradiktoriske drøftelser sted.
In the light of these considerations it is clear that the Convention is fundamentally concerned with judicial decisions which, be fore the recognition and enforcement of them are sought in a State other than the State of origin, have been, or have been capable of being, the subject in that State of origin and under various procedures, of an inquiry in adversary proceedings.
Ganske vist er begrundelsen for den ikke-kontradiktoriske karakter af proceduren til meddelelse om fuldbyrdelsespåtegning efter artikel 34 også den overraskelsesvirkning, som må knyttes til denne sagsbehandling for at undgå, at rekvisitus får mulighed for at unddrage sine formuegoder ethvert sikringsmiddel, men der er tale om en afsvækket overraskelsesvirkning, eftersom den forudsætter en kontradiktorisk sagsbehandling i domsstaten.
It can not therefore be deduced from the general scheme of the Convention that a formal expression of intention was needed in order to exclude judgments of the type in question from recognition and enforcement.
15 En nærmere gennemgang af den funktion, der efter konventionens hele opbygning tillægges artikel 24, som særligt angår foreløbige, herunder sikrende retsmidler, fører desuden til den konklusion, at det for denne art af retsmidler var hensigten at indføre en særlig ordning.
14 Nor is the argument by analogy, based on Article 34 of the Convention, of such a nature as to turn the scale.