natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
H. Von Moltke henledte deltagernes opmærksomhed på, at konferencen burde danne grundlag for et fornyet samarbejde, såvel blandt virksomhederne som mellem erhvervsorganisationer og -sammenslutninger.
Mr von Moltke drew the participants' attention to the fact that the Conference should form the basis of renewed collaboration amongst enterprises and between organisations and associations.
En af Berlin-konferencens mest konkrete resultater er utvivlsomt understregningen af håndværkenes og de små virksomheders afgørende økonomiske og sociale rolle i Europa.
Amongst the more tangible results of the Conference is the increased awareness of the vital role played by the craft industry and small enterprises in the European economic and social spheres.
Under konferencen viste håndværkserhvervene sig iøvrigt på glimrende vis at være en moderne økonomisk sektor, der vil kunne beherske de fremtidige krav til forandring.
Moreover, the Conference clearly demonstrated that the craft industry is a modern economic sector capable of keeping pace with future progress.
Det står klart for Kommissionen, at formuleringen af de konkrete målsætninger og valg tilkommer erhvervslivets repræsentanter.
The Commission is well aware that specific objectives and choices must be set out by the representatives of enterprises themselves.
Et så ambitiøst projekt kan ikke tage form, med mindre det støttes og holdes i live af organisationerne.
Only through the support of such organisations can such an ambitious project be carried out and brought to life.
I. HVAD VAR BERLIN-KONFERENCENS FORMÅL?
I. WHY THE BERLIN CONFERENCE?
Emnerne vækst, konkurrenceevne og især beskæftigelse står helt centralt blandt medlemsstaternes og Europa-Kommissionens prioriteter.
Growth, competitiveness and, above all, employment form the heart of the priorities of Member States and the Commission.
Unionen bliver ikke sparet for strukturelle tilpasninger som følge af verdensmarkedets konkurrence fra nye producenter med lave lønomkostninger og uden bekymringer mht. miljøbeskyttelse.
The European Union has not been spared the world-wide structural adjustments resulting from the appearance of new producers operating under low salary costs and free from environmental restraints.
De store virksomheder, underleverandørerne, SMV og endda håndværkssektoren må gøre en stor ind sats for at genvinde deres internationale konkurrenceevne.
Large enterprises, sub-contractors, small and medium-sized enterprises — and even the craft industry — must make an enormous effort to recover their competitive position on world markets.
SMV og håndværkssektoren, der ikke tidligere er indgået i de overordnede politiske overvejelser, er blevet »genopdaget« og er nu i søgelyset i den europæiske debat.
Although SMEs and craft firms have, in the past, been left on the sidelines of the major policy-making process, European society has now rediscovered their importance and has placed them at the centre of debate.
Som det fremgik af den portugisiske premierministers memorandum under Det europæiske Råd på Korfu den 25.-26 juni 1994, har håndværkene og de små virksomheder — på grund af deres stærke lokale bånd, deres nærhed i forhold til EU-borgerne samt deres jobskabende evne — en afgørende funktion som bindeled mellem faktorerne konkurrenceevne og vækst.
As was demonstrated in the Memorandum presented by the Prime Minister of Portugal to the heads of state and government meeting within the European Council at Corfu on 25th and 26th June 1994, craft firms and small enterprises — due to their strong integration at the local level, their closeness to the citizens of Europe and their potential as creators of new jobs — play a vital connecting role between competitiveness and growth.
Berlin-konferencen blev nødvendiggjort af fire vigtige udviklingstendenser, som kunne konstateres efter den første europæiske konference i Avignon i oktober 1990.
The Berlin Conference was necessary because of four major developments which have taken place since the first European Conference in Avignon in October 1990.
1. udviklingstendens: anerkendelse af håndværkenes og de små virksomheders betydning på europæisk plan
First Development: Recognition of the economic importance of the craft firm and small business at the European level.
Eurostats beretning »Virksomheder i Europa« fra 1993 viser, at 92% af Fællesskabets 16 millioner virksomhe der har under 10 ansatte.
The EUROSTAT report 'Enterprises in Europe', 1993 edition, showed that 92% of the 16 million enterprises in the Community employed less than 10 people.
Kategorien »mikrovirksomheder« (0-9 ansatte) bidrager næsten lige så meget til beskæftigelsen som de store virksomheder (29%).
Those categorised as 'micro enterprises' (0 to 9) contributed almost as much to employment (29%) as large enterprises.
Ifølge Det europæiske Observationscenter for SMV udgør samtlige Unionens håndværksfirmaer eller (meget) små virksomheder i dag 5 mio. enheder med i alt 20 mio. lønansatte.
According to the report of the European Observatory on SMEs, craft firms and very small enterprises number 5 million and employ 20 million people in the European Union.
SMV tegner sig for 75% af de nyoprettede arbejdspladser.
In terms of employment creation, they account for 75% of all new jobs.
Betegnelsen »håndværk« dækker over meget forskellige aktiviteter fra det ene EU-land til det andet.
Within the Member States the term 'artisanat', or crafts firm, enjoys a variety of meanings.
Det økonomiske og sociale Udvalg har i sin udtalelse fra oktober 1992 fremsat en række typiske, fælles kendetegn for »håndværksvirksomheder« og »små virksomheder« i alle medlemsstaterne:
In their Opinion of October 1992 concerning SMEs and craft firms, the Economic and Social Committee set out the following list of factors by which a craft enterprise might be identified:
• de er generelt meget små, når der ses bort fra visse regioner og lande
• their generally small size, except in certain regions or countries;
• de udgør grundpillerne i lokaløkonomien eller finder afsætning inden for meget snævre teknologiske nicher
• their role as pillar of the local economy or position in highly specialised technology niches;
• de producerer stykvis eller i meget små serier
• their concentration on 'one offs' or small series production;
• de er juridisk og økonomisk uafhængige
• their legal and financial independence;
• de har karakter af familieforetagende, hvor den medhjælpende ægtefælle har en betydelig rolle
• their family nature which provides a significant role for spouses;
• virksomhedslederen har en almen kompetence og arbejder tæt sammen med firmaets ansatte.
• their closeness to the work force and the generalised competence of the head of the business;
2. udviklingstendens: de opmuntrende resultater af den indsats, der er gjort som følge af Avignon-konferencen
Second Development: The encouraging results of the actions undertaken since the Avignon Conference.
Den synlige EU-indsats til fordel for håndværk og små virksomheder begyndte med den første europæiske håndværks konference i Avignon i oktober 1990.
In the context of enterprise policy the first visible actions carried out in favour of small and craft firms started with the first European Craft Conference in Avignon held in October 1990.
Her drøftedes fire emner, nemlig etableringsret og frie tjenesteydelser, faglig uddannelse, adgang til og anvendelse af ny teknologi samt adgang til nye markeder.a).
Four work themes were discussed: the right of establishment; the free provision of services; professional training; access and utilisation of new technologies; and penetrating new markets1.
Efter konferencens henstillinger er adskillige prioriterede aktioner påbegyndt for at supplere det eksisterende sæt værktøjer inden for erhvervspolitikken, som håndværk og små virksomheder hidtil havde kunne trække på inden for information (EURO INFO- centre), samarbejde (BC-NET, BRE, Interprise) samt uddannelse og teknologisk udvikling (Euromanagement).
In the light of the recommendations of the conference several priority actions were undertaken, complementing the existing range of available tools under the enterprise policy from which craft and small firms can benefit. Examples fall under four categories: information (EURO-INFO CENTRES), cooperation (BC-NET, BRE, and INTERPRISE), training, or technological development (EUROMANAGEMENT).
Med særlig adresse til håndværkene og de små virksomheder i medlemsstaterne har disse prioriterede aktioner især handlet om:
Especially designed for craft and small firms in the Member States, these actions encompassed:
— bedre information og kendskab gennem udarbejdelse af vejledningsmateriale om håndværkenes og de små virksomheders organisationer, om specialiserede centre for teknologisk overførsel og om medhjælpende ægtefæller;
— the improvement of information and knowledge, through the publication of guides listing the professional organisations involved with craft and small firms, the establishment of sectoral technology transfer centres, and measures to assist spouses involved in the business; — the support given to pilot actions in the field of cross-boarder cooperation, as well as facilitating the activities of enterprises in border regions, notably by establishing a cross-border development office; — the support for pilot actions in the training of managers, their spouses, and development of exchanges for young apprentices; — the stimulation of cooperation between representative professional organisations, both at European and national levels, particularly in the fields of standardisation, quality certification, protection of the environment, the financing of enterprises and payment delays, initial and continuous training, and regional policy.
— støtte til pilotaktioner i form af grænseoverskridende samarbejde og fremme af erhvervslivet i grænseegne, bl.a. ved at oprette et kontor for udvikling på tværs af landegrænser;
The encouraging results obtained from these initial activities have demonstrated both the will and the capacity of the organisations representing small enterprises and craft firms to work together on actions at the Community level.
— stimulering af samarbejdet mellem europæiske og nationale repræsentantorganisationer, især på områderne standardisering, kvalitetscertificering, miljø, virksomhedsfinansiering og betalingsfrister, grund- og efteruddannelse samt regionalpolitik.
Furthermore, the Council of Ministers adopted on 14th June 1993 a Progamme of Community actions (199396) aimed at reinforcing certain priorities of Community policy in favour of enterprises — especially SMEs — and and at ensuring the continuity of this policy in a number of areas.
Desuden vedtog Ministerrådet den 14. juni 1993 et flereårigt program for fællesskabsaktioner (1993- 1996)2) med henblik på, dels at styrke visse hovedlinier i Fællesskabets politik til fordel for virksomhederne — især
Likewise, in response to the Member States' request for a plan of action to implement the White Paper, the Commission adopted on 25th May 1994 an Integrated Programme in Favour of SMEs and Craft Firms3.
Visse af de fælles initiativprogrammer, som Kommissionen vedtog i 1994, er af særlig interesse for hånd­værkssektoren, herunder INTERREG II, LEADER II, ADAPT, URBAN samt det integrerede program til fordel for SMV og håndværk.
Third Development: Greater accessibility to, and greater adaption of operational programmes to the true requirements of small enterprises and craft firms within the framework of new training programmes, LEONARDO and SOCRATES strive to reinforce initial vocational training, the exchange of young workers and their post-apprenticeship training, the training of managers, cooperation between training organisations and the training of women; within the new technology programmes, reinforcement of the CRAFT and BRITE- EURAM feasibility awards initiatives, as their concept is extended to other programmes applicable to industry; under the structural funds, the reinforcement of the participation of economic actors in the decisions concerning the technical system, and in the creation of a new Objective IV for the adaptation of workers to industrial change; within the Community Initiative programmes adopted by the Commission in June 1994, the implementation of programmes of fundamental interest to craft firms, in particular INTERREG II, LEADER II, ADAPT, URBAN, as well as the Community Initiative Programme in favour of SMEs.
4. udviklingstendens: en stærkere repræsentation af de europæiske organisationer for håndværk og små virksomheder
Fourth Development: The growing involvement of organisations representing small enterprises and craft firms.
De europæiske organisationer, der repræsenterer håndværkene og de små virksomheder, involveres stadigt mere i EU­samarbejdet og navnlig i arbejdsmarkedsdialogen4).
The European organisations representing craft and small firms are increasingly associated with Community work, including the Social Dialogue4.
Organisationerne UEAPME og EUROPMI deltager i arbejdsmarkedsdialogen samt i det permanente beskæftigelsesudvalg.
The UEAPME and EUROPMI are participating in the Social Dialogue and in the efforts of the Permanent Committee on Employment.
De er desuden medlemmer af udvalget til administrativ forenkling, virksomhedernes høringsudvalg, det konsultative miljøudvalg samt af det konsultative udvalg for strukturfondene.
They are also members of the Committee for Administrative Simplification, the listening committee for enterprises, the Consultative Committee on the Environment and the Consultative Committee on the Structural Funds.
UEAPME er medlem af bestyrelsen for CEDEFOP (Europæisk center for udvikling af erhvervsuddannelser).
The UEAPME is a member of the Administrative Council of CEDEFOP (European Centre for Development and Professional Training).
Ligeledes er de nationale organisationer tæt inddraget i arbej­det, herunder stillingtagen, udarbejdelse af betænkninger, deltagelse i høringer og arbejdsgrupper, tilrettelagt af Kommissionen.
Likewise, national organisations representing the craft industry are participating closely in Community actions such as position statements, memorandums, consultations, and working groups organised by the Commission.
De sektorielle organisationer medvirker via deres europæiske repræsentanter i hovedar­bejdsgrupperne, især dem, der vedrører »kvaliteten«.
Through their European representatives sectoral organisations take part in important working groups such as those related to 'quality.'
Værd at bemærke er desuden håndværksorganisationer­nes bestræbelser på at indgå forbund (f.eks. byggeri og levnedsmiddelindustri).
Equally noteworthy are the efforts made by organisations representing the craft industry to federate (construction and food-stuffs, for example).
Kommisionens vilje er klar, idet den støtter alle former for fællesskab mellem medlemsstaternes organisationer og fremmer omfordelin­gen af deres kompetenceområder.
The Commission clearly wishes to support all forms of collaboration between organisations from the Member States and to promote the regrouping of their competencies.
»Anden europæiske Konference om håndværk og den lille virksomhed« i Berlin sigtede på at gøre status over den aktuelle situation og de eksisterende problemer samt på at få udarbejdet forslag til styrkelse af håndvær­kenes og de små virksomheders kapacitet.
The Second European Craft and Small Firms Conference in Berlin endeavoured to grasp the essential elements of existing problems and situations, and to identify the solutions capable of reinforcing the potential of craft and small firms.
Konferencen skulle udgøre en platform, hvorfra sektorens repræ­sentanter, medlemsstaterne og EU­institutionerne kunne definere hovedlinierne i et handlingsprogram til for­del for virksomhederne og fastlægge ansvarsfordelingen for iværksættelsen heraf.
It was designed as a platform for representatives of the craft sector and small enterprises, Member States and Community Institutions as a means to define the main orientations for actions in favour of enterprises and to determine the appropriate levels of responsibility for their implementation.
De 12 forberedende seminarer
The 12 Prepratory Conferences
For at sikre, at repræsentanter for håndværk og små virksomheder kunne deltage i forberedelsen til Berlin­konferencen, støttede Kommissionen afholdelse af forberedende seminarer i alle medlemsstaterne.
In order to ensure the involvement of representatives from the craft sector and small enterprises in the preparation of the Berlin Conference, the Commission backed the organisation of 12 preparatory symposia in 1993 and 1994.
Herunder deltog over 2000 repræsentanter for offentlige og private organisationer, regeringsrepræsentanter, virksom­hedsledere, eksperter og rådgivere fra sektoren for håndværk og små virksomheder.
Over 2000 representatives of public and private bodies, government officials, business owners experts and advisors to the craft and small business sector took part in these symposia.
• Uddannelse inden for håndværk og kvalifikationer for virksomhedsledere, ledende personale og iværksæt­tere Dette seminar, der fandt sted i dagene 15.­17. november 1993, var arrangeret af Storhertugdømmet Luxem­bourgs Håndværksråd.
• Training in Craft Enterprises and Skill-enhancement for Managers, Middle Managers and Founders of Enterprises. Organised by the Chambre des Métiers du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, this symposium was held from 15 to 17 November 1993 in Luxembourg.
Formålet var at undersøge mulighederne for, både på unionsplan og nationalt, at forbedre grund­ og videreuddannelsen i SMV og håndværksvirksomheder, samt for at højne kvalifikations­niveauet for virksomhedsledere, ledende personale og iværksættere.
Its purpose was to examen ways of improving initial and continuing training in Craft SMEs at European Union and Member State level and to raise the level of skills of managers and founders of enterprises.
• Håndværkenes integrering i EU's indre marked Dette seminar, som blev afviklet den 9.­10. december 1993 i Rom, var tilrettelagt af UEAPME og EUROPMI.
• Integrating Crafts in the European Internal Market This conference was organised by UEAPME and the EUROPMI in Rome on 9 and 10 December 1993.
De ca. 200 deltagere drøftede håndværksfirmaernes strukturtilpasningsproblemer ifm. det indre marked ud fra flg. 4 aspekter: adgang til nye markeder, etableringsret, finansielle og skattemæssige spørgsmål, samt arbejdsmarkedsdialogen.
The 200 odd participants dealt with four aspects of the craft sector's structural problems in adaptating to the single market: access to new markets; right of establishment; financial and fiscal matters; social dialogue.
4)Rådets resolution af 22. november 1993 — EFT nr. C 326 — 03.12.1993
Council Resolution of 22 November 1993 — OJ of the EC C 326 — 03.12.1993
- af SMVs behov og forventninger for at kunne råde bod på deres vanskeligheder med at overholde EU-lov-givningens miljøkrav.
• Crafts and their Part in Environmental Protection in Europe This gathering took place on 1 and 2 February 1994 at the Dusseldorf Crafts Association, Germany.
Håndværkssektorens henstillinger i denne henseende blev inddelt i flg. 4 temaer:
Its goal was to identify the needs and expectations of SMEs in order to compensate their disadvantages vis-à-vis the requirements of European environmental legislation.
2-udledning, (videre-)uddannelse på miljøbe bortskaffelse af affald, energibesparelse og formindsket C0skyttelsesområdet på europæisk plan, samt miljørevision.
The demands of craft firms were defined under four themes: waste disposal; energy saving and C02 reduction; environmental protection training in Europe; environmental audits.
Kvalitet, håndværksfag og små virksomheder Udsagn fra virksomhederne, udtryk for brancheorganisationernes bekymringer, præsentation af faglige initiativer m.m. kastede fra forskellige vinkler lys over mødets emne: kvalitet.
• Quality, Craft and Small Enterprises Testimonies from heads of enterprises, statement of the pre-occupations of professional associations, and presentation of professional initiatives all served to cast fresh light on the subject of quality.
De vigtigste henstillinger fra seminaret, der blev afholdt i Paris den 10.-11. februar 1994, var: opstilling af realistiske målsætninger i sammenhæng med markedskravene, støtte af brancheorganisationernes deltagelse ved udformning af regler og standardiseringsnormer.
The symposium, held on 10 and 11 February 1994, recommended establishing realistic objectives consistent with market demands; and supporting the participation of professional associations in the tasks of regulation and standardisation.
Støtte til virksomheder — professionelle organisationers og offentlige myndigheders rolle Ud fra målsætningerne for seminaret, der fandt sted i Lissabon den 3.-4. marts 1994, formulerede deltagerne en række henstillinger inden for flg. områder: professionelle organisationers og offentlige myndigheders rolle, kommunikationsproblemer ifm. oprettelse af nye virksomheder, markedsføring samt adgang til finansiering.
• Support for Enterprises: the Role of Professional Organisations and Public Agencies This conference, held in Lisbon from 3 to 4 march 1994, was designed to enable participants to formulate recommendations on the role of professional associations and public bodies; the creation of new enterprises; and problems in communication, marketing and access to credit.
Kvindelige iværksættere og med-iværksættere i familieforetagender Dette seminar, der blev afviklet på Salonikki (GR) den 10.-11. marts 1994, gav lejlighed til at evaluere de kvindelige (med- )iværksætteres rolle inden for SMV- og håndværkssektoren samt til at sætte fokus på spørgsmål ifm. socialsikring, professionel status og aflønning.
• Women Entrepreneurs and Co-Entrepreneurs in Family Businesses This conference, held in Thessaloniki from 10 to 11 March 1994, provided an opportunity to assess the contribution of women entrepreneurs and co-entrepreneurs in SMEs and craft firms as well as to cast new light on their difficulties in the areas of social protection, professional status, and remuneration.
Der blev endvidere udarbejdet henstillinger om uddannelsesbehov og om støtteforanstaltninger til denne sektor.
The conference also produced a series of recommendations on training needs and support measures for enterprises.
Grænseegne som mulighedernes land eller risikoområder for håndværk og små virksomheder Seminaret, som blev afholdt i Mons (B) den 10.-11 marts 1994, tog udgangspunkt i følgende problematik: Grænseegnene udgør et udviklings- og ekspansionsområde for håndværkene og de små virksomheder, men disse områder gøres utilgængelige med hindringer af forskellig art.
• Border Areas: Opportunity or Risk Areas for Craft and Small Enterprises Held at Mons (Belgium) from 18 to 19 April 1994, this conference tackled a dual issue: 1) border areas offer craft and small enterprises scope to develop and expand; and 2) various kinds of obstacles make these same areas inaccessible.
Samarbejde med de central- og østeuropæiske lande Seminaret i Amsterdam den 9.-11. maj 1994, havde følgende temaer til debat: håndværks- og SMV-organi-sationernes betydningsfulde rolle i udviklingsprocessen; forbedring af Europa-Kommissionens PHARE-pro-gram er påkrævet; behov for bedre adgang til långivning for håndværksvirksomheder i Central- og Østeuropa.
• Cooperation with Countries of Central and Eastern Europe Organised in Amsterdam from 9 to 10 May 1994, this conference dealt with the following topics: the important role of craft and SME organisations in the development process; necessary improvements to the the Commission's PHARE programme; the need for better access to credit for craft firms and SMEs in Central and Eastern Europe.
Der blev formuleret en række henstillinger møntet på til de central- og østeuropæiske lande, PHARE-programmet og de internationale finansieringsinstitutter.
The conference also issued a series of recommendations to Eastern and Central European countries, to the PHARE programme and to international financial institutions.