natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det må herefter antages, at én af de kontraherende parters manglende reaktion eller partens tavshed over for en bekræftelsesskrivelse i handelsforhold, som er fremsendt af den anden part, og hvori der findes en fortrykt angivelse af værnetinget, samt den omstændighed, at én af parterne gentagne gange og uden at gøre
By order of 6 March 1995, received at the Court on 31 March 1995, the Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under the Protocol of 3 June 1971 on the interpretation by the Court of Justice of the Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, as amended by the Convention of 9 October 1978 on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ('the Convention'), two questions on the interpretation of Article 5(1) and the third hypothesis mentioned in the second
aftalen vedrørende opfyldelsesstedet for forpligtelsen er tilstrækkelig til at skabe et værneting på samme sted i henhold til konventionens artikel 5, nr. 1, hvis kontrahenterne ifølge den lovgivning, der finder anvendelse, på de heri fastsatte betingelser kan udpege opfyldelsesstedet for en forpligtelse, uden at der gælder særlige formkrav.
The questions arose in proceedings between MSG, an inland-waterway transport cooperative based at Würzburg (Germany), and Les Gravièrcs Rhénanes SARL ('Gravières Rhénanes'), whose registered office is in France, concerning compensation for damage caused to an inland-waterway vessel which MSG owned and had chartered to Gravières Rhénanes by a time charter concluded orally between the parties.
indsigelse har betalt fakturaer fra den anden part, der indeholder en tilsvarende angivelse, kan udgøre en tiltrædelse af den omtvistede værnetingsklausul, hvis en sådan handlemåde er i overensstemmelse med en sædvane, der gælder inden for det område af den internationale handel, hvor parterne driver virksomhed, og hvis parterne har kendskab til eller burde have kendskab til sædvanen.
It must therefore be considered that the fact that one of the parties to the contract did not react or remained silent in the face of a commercial letter of confirmation from the other party containing a preprinted reference to the courts having jurisdiction and that one of the parties repeatedly paid without objection invoices issued by the other party containing a similar reference may be deemed to constitute consent to the jurisdiction clause in issue, provided that such conduct is consistent with a practice in force in the area of international trade or commerce in which the parties in question are operating and the parties are or ought to have been aware of that practice.
Det første spørgsmål skal besvares for det tilfælde, at den nationale ret når frem til, at der i det konkrete tilfælde ikke foreligger en sædvane inden for den pågældende handelsbranche, som parterne havde eller burde have kendskab til, og dermed, at der ikke gyldigt er vedtaget en værnetingsklausul.
The first question has to be answered in case the national court conlcudes that there is in this case no practice in the branch of trade or commerce in question of which the parties were or ought to have been aware and that, as a result, a jurisdiction clause was not validly concluded.
Med spørgsmålet ønsker den forelæggende ret i det væsentlige oplyst, om en mundtlig aftale om opfyldelsesstedet, som ikke har til formål at fastlægge det sted, hvor skyldneren faktisk skal erlægge sin ydelse, men alene at fastlægge et bestemt værneting, er gyldig i henhold til konventionens artikel 5, nr. 1.
By this question the national court essentially asks whether an oral agreement on the place of performance, which is designed not to determine the place where the person liable is actually to perform the obligations incumbent upon him, but solely to establish that the courts for a particular place have jurisdiction, is valid under Article 5(1) of the Convention.
Grundlaget herfor er for det første ordlyden af konventionens artikel 5, nr. 1, hvorefter kompetencen tilkommer retten på det sted, hvor den kontraktforpligtelse, der ligger til grund for sagen, »er opfyldt eller skal opfyldes«. I denne bestemmelse opstilles således det faktiske opfyldelsessted for forpligtelsen som kompetencekriterium på grund af stedets direkte tilknytning til den ret, kompetencen tillægges.
By its second question, which, being concerned with exclusive jurisdiction, may conveniently be considered first, the national court essentially asks whether, under a contract concluded orally, an agreement conferring jurisdiction may be deemed to have been concluded in international trade or commerce in the form required by the third hypothesis mentioned in the second sentence of the first paragraph of Article 17 of the Convention simply by virtue of the fact that one party to the contract did not react to a commercial letter of confirmation sent to him by the other party to the contract or repeatedly paid invoices without objection where those documents contained a preprinted reference to the courts having jurisdiction, or whether there should in any event be prior consensus on the part of the persons concerned, only written confirmation of the agreement being unnecessary.
I henhold til Domstolens praksis er denne kompetenceregel — der er en fravigelse af den almindelige regel om, at sag skal anlægges, hvor sagsøgte har bopæl — under hensyn til en hensigtsmæssig påkendelse af tvisten optaget i konventionen, fordi der i visse velafgrænsede tilfælde består en særlig snæver tilknytning mellem en tvist og den ret, som denne tvist kan indbringes for.
According to the case-law of the Court, jurisdiction derogating from the general rule that the defendant's courts should have jurisdiction was introduced by Article 5(1) in view of the existence in certain well-defined cases of a particularly close relationship between a dispute and the court which may be called upon to take cognizance of the matter, with a view to the effective organization of the proceedings.
Domstolen har endvidere fastslået, at opfyldelsesstedet for en kontraktforpligtelse også kan fastlægges ved aftale mellem parterne, og at
It should be observed in this regard that, according to the Court's case-law, the requirements laid down by Article 17 of the Convention must be strictly interpreted in so far as that article excludes both jurisdiction as determined by the general principle of the defendant's courts laid down in Article 2 and the special jurisdictions provided for in Articles 5 and 6.
For det andet må det antages, at en fastlæggelse af et opfyldelsessted, som ikke har nogen faktisk forbindelse med, hvad kontrakten reelt går ud på, bliver fiktiv og kun har til formål at fastlægge et værneting. En sådan værnetingsaftale er imidlertid reguleret i konventionens artikel 17, og der gælder dermed præcise formkrav for aftalen.
Moreover, the Court has also held that the place of performance of a contractual obligation may also be fixed by agreement between the parties and that, if the parties to the contract are permitted by the applicable law, subject to the conditions imposed thereby, to specify the place of performance without satisfying any special condition of form, an agreement on the place of performance of the obligation is sufficient to found jurisdiction in that place within the meaning of Article 5(1) of the Convention.
»1) Artikel 17, stk 1, andet punktum, tredje tilfælde, i konventionen af 27. september 1968 om retternes kompetence og om fuldbyrdelse af retsafgørelser i borgerlige sager, herunder handelssager, som ændret ved konventionen af 9. oktober 1978 om Kongeriget Danmarks, Irlands og Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirlands tiltrædelse, skal fortolkes således, at en værnetingsaftale i forbindelse med en mundtlig aftale inden for den internationale handel må antages at være gyldigt indgået i henhold til
In the light of the amendment made to Article 17 by the 1978 Accession Convention, consensus on the part of the contracting parties as to a jurisdiction clause is presumed to exist where commercial practices in the relevant branch of international trade or commerce exist in this regard of which the parties arc or ought to have been aware.
Det påhviler den nationale ret at efterprøve, om der beslår en sådan sædvane, og om de kontraherende parter har haft kendskab til den.
of performance' of the contractual obligation on which the claim is based.
Der består en sædvane i en branche inden for den internationale handel, bla. når en bestemt handlemåde i almindelighed følges af de kontraherende parter, der driver virksomhed i branchen, ved indgåelse af kontrakter af en bestemt type.
Consequently, that provision has in mind the place of actual performance of the obligation as the jurisdictional criterion by reason of its direct connection with the courts on which it confers jurisdiction.
Konventionen af 27. september 1968 skal fortolkes således, at en mundtlig aftale om opfyldelsesstedet, som ikke har tilformål at fastlægge det sted, hvor skyldneren faktisk skal erlægge sin ydelse, men alene at fastlægge et bestemt værneting, ikke reguleres af konventionens artikel 5, nr. 1, men af konventionens artikel 17 og kun er gyldig, når de betingelser, der er opstillet i sidstnævnte artikel, er opfyldt«
Secondly, it should be considered that.to specify a place of performance which has no actual connection with the real subject-matter of the contract becomes fictitious and has as its sole purpose the determination of the place of the courts having jurisdiction. Such agreements conferring jurisdiction are governed by Article 17 of the Convention and are therefore subject to specific requirements as to form.
Generaladvokat G. Tesauro fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet fSjette Afdeling) den 26. september 1996.
This approach is based, in the first place, on the terms of Article 5(1) of the Convention, which confers jurisdiction on the courts for the place '
Artikel 5, nr. 1, i Bruxelles-konventionen af 27. september 1968 skal fortolkes således, at den udelukker kompetencen for retten på det sted, hvor den pågældende kontraktlige forpligtelse skal opfyldes, når dette sted, som er blevet fastsat ved aftale mellem parterne, ikke har nogen snæver sammenhæng med kontraktens indhold, og det konstateres, at denne fastsættelse alene er foretaget med henblik på at angive det sted, hvor der kan anlægges sag, uden at de i artikel 17 i nævnte konventions fastsatte formkrav er opfyldt.
The third hypothesis in the second sentence of the first paragraph of Article 17 of the Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, as amended by the Convention of 9 October 1978 on the accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, must be interpreted as meaning that, under a contract concluded orally in international trade orcommerce, an agreement conferring jurisdiction will be deemed to have been validly concluded under that provision by virtue of the fact that one party to the contract did not react to a commercial letter of confirmation sent to it by the other party to the contract or repeatedly paid invoices without objection where those documents contained a preprinted reference to the courts having jurisdiction, provided that such conduct is consistent with a practice in force in the field of international trade or commerce in which the parties in question operate and the latter are aware or ought to have been aware of the practice in question.
Artikel 17, stk. 1, andet punktum, tredje alternativ, i Bruxelles-konventionen af 27. september 1968, som ændret ved tiltrædelseskonventionen af 197S, skal fortolkes således, at en værnetingsaftale kan anses for gyldig, når en part ikke har rejst indsigelser mod en handlendes bekræftelsesskrivelse, som indeholder en fortrykt henvisning til værnetinget, eller når denne part uden indsigelse har betalt fakturaer fra den anden part, som indeholder en lignende bestemmelse.
It is for the national court to determine whether such a practice exists and whether the parties to the contract were aware of iL A practice exists in a brunch of international trade or commerce in particular where a particular course of conduct is generally followed by contracting parties operating in that branch when they conclude contracts of a particular type.
Det påhviler dog herved den nationale retsinstans at efterprøve: litra a) om der i den pågældende branche eksisterer en sædvanlig og generel sædvane, som går i denne retning, og om denne sædvane er overholdt i tilsvarende kontrakter såvel materielt som geografisk som den i sagen omhandlede; litra b) om sagsøgte havde kendskab eller måtte formodes at have kendskab til denne sædvane, navnlig fordi den også er kendt i sagsøgtes bopælsland og/eller under hensyn til tidligere kontraktforhold mellem den samme kontrahent og/eller inden for samme branche.«
The fact that the contracting parties were aware of that practice is made out in particular where they had previously had trade or commercial relations between themselves or with other parties operating in the branch of trade or commerce in question or where, in that branch, a particular course of conduct is generally and regularlyfollowed when concluding a certain type of contract, with the result that it may be regarded as being a consolidated practice.
•Traktatbrud — EF-traktatens (Sjette Afdeling)
Case C-344/95 Commission of the European Communities ν Kingdom of Belgium Freedom of movement for persons
— idet det pålægger statsborgere fra de øvrige medlemsstater, som søger beskæftigelse i Belgien, at forlade landet efter tre måneders forløb,
(Failure of a Member State to fulfil its obligations 68I360IEEC) (Sixth Chamber)
Med dette første klagepunkt har Kommissionen gjort gældende, at bestemmelserne i den kongelige anordning om, at en EF-statsborger, som ikke har fundet beskæftigelse ved udløbet af en periode på tre måneder efter indgivelsen af ansøgningen om ret til fast ophold, og som ikke har forevist de kommunale myndigheder et bevis for, at han udøver lønnet beskæftigelse, automatisk modtager et påbud om at forlade landet, klart er i strid med traktatens artikel 48, således som denne er blevet fortolket af Domstolen i dommen af 26. februar 1991 Antonissen (sag C-292/89).
By application lodged at the Court on 30 October 1995 the Commission of the European Communities brought an action for a declaration that: by issuing to employed persons and to seasonal workers whose activity is expected to last for more than three months a document relating to their residence and by requiring payment for that document; by requiring nationals of other Member States seeking employment in Belgium to leave its territory after a period of three months; the Kingdom of Belgium had failed to fulfil its obligations under Article 48 of the EC Treaty and under Council Directive 68/360/EEC of 15 October 1968 (hereinafter 'the Directive').
— idet det til arbejdstagere og sæsonarbejdere, hvis beskæftigelse er af en påregnet varighed på indtil tre måneder, udsteder et bevis vedrørende deres ophold og kræver betaling herfor.
by issuing, during the first six months of their residence, to persons holding employment for a period of at least one year two successive registration certificates instead of a residence permit for a national of a Member State and by requiring payment for those certificates;
Ophold for EF-statsborgere og medlemmer af deres familie, der flytter til Belgien for at udøve lønnet beskæftigelse, er reguleret ved lov af 15. december 1980 (som ændret ved lov af 6.5.1993). Gennemførelsesbestemmelserne findes i arrêté royal (kongelig anordning) af 8. oktober 1981 om udlændinges indrejse, ophold, etablering og udsendelse (herefter »kongelig anordning«).
If persons from the Community and members of their family move to Belgium in order to pursue activities as employed persons, their residence in Belgium is governed by the Law of 15 December 1980 (as amended by the Law of 6 May 1993 which was implemented by the Royal Decree of 8 October 1981 on the entry, residence,
flere administrative etaper, før han opnår et endeligt bevis, og der opkræves et beløb for hver etape.
foreigners establishment and expulsion of (hereinafter 'the Royal Decree').
Der må derfor gives Kommissionen medhold i det klagepunkt, den har fremsat i denne sammenhæng.
the Directive that there should be no discrimination in the matter of dues and taxes.
Tredje klagepunkt vedrørende de beviser, der udstedes til arbejdstagere, hvis ophold er af mindre end tre måneders varighed
The first objection: the obligation to leave Belgian territory at the end of three months
Ifølge Domstolens praksis indebærer direktivets artikel 4 en forpligtelse for medlemsstaterne til at udstede opholdsbevis til enhver arbejdstager, som ved at forevise den fornødne dokumentation, dvs. den legitimation, med hvilken han er indrejst på vedkommende stats område, og en erklæring fra arbejdsgiveren om ansættelse hos denne eller en arbejdsattest, godtgør, at han omfattes af én af de kategorier, som er fastsat i direktivets artikel 1.
According to the case-law of the Court, Article 4 of the Directive entails an obligation for Member States to issue a residence permit to any person who provides proof, by means of the appropriate documents, namely the document with which he entered their territory, or a declaration of engagement by the employer or a work certificate, that he belongs to one of the categories set out in Article 1 of the Directive.
Med det tredje klagepunkt har Kommissionen gjort gældende, at udstedelse af et bevis for, at en arbejdstager fra en anden medlemsstat har opholdsret, når han rejser til Belgien for at udøve lønnet beskæftigelse, der ikke overstiger tre måneder, eller for en sæsonarbejders opholdsret, udgør en administrativ og økonomisk hindring for disse personer, således at reglerne er i strid med direktivets artikel 8, stk. 1, der ikke forudser udstedelse af et sådant bevis.
The Commission's first objection is that, in providing that a Community national who has not found employment at the end of a period of three months following submission of his application for establishment and who has not provided to the district authorities a certificate proving that he is pursuing an activity as an employed person is automatically to be ordered to leave Belgian territory, the Royal Decree is manifestly contrary to Article 48 of the Treaty, as interpreted by the Court of Justice in its judgment in Case C-292/89 Antonissen.
Det bemærkes, at der i de belgiske regler om bekræftelse af registreringen ikke tages hensyn til, om arbejdstageren fra en anden medlemsstat, når han forelægger den første anmodning om udstedelse af et opholdsbevis, allerede på det tidspunkt foreviser alle de dokumenter, der kræves ifølge direktivet.
The Court notes in this regard that the Belgian registration-certificate rules do not make any allowance where a worker from another Member State submits all the documents required by the Directive even when submitting the first application for a residence permit.
Dernæst kan reglerne medføre, at der forløber op til seks måneder, før opholdstilladelsen udstedes.
Furthermore, under those rules, a period of six months may elapse before the residence permit is issued.
Direktivets artikel 8, stk. 1, litra a), bestemmer, at medlemsstaterne skal tillade arbejdstagere, som har lønnet beskæftigelse af en påregnet varighed på indtil tre måneder, ophold uden meddelelse af opholdsbevis, idet den legitimation, med hvilken arbejdstageren er indrejst i området, og en erklæring fra arbejdsgiveren med angivelse af den påregnede beskæftigelsesperiode, skal gælde.
The Belgian Government does not defend itself against this objection but states that it intends to amend the Royal Decree in order to allow jobseekers' residence to be extended in accordance with the conditions established by the Court in Anionissen.
Ifølge direktivets artikel 8, stk. 1, litra c), er sæsonarbejderes ophold dækket, når de er i besiddelse af en arbejdsaftale med påtegning af den kompetente myndighed i den medlemsstat, hvis område de begiver sig ind på for at udøve deres beskæftigelse.
This procedure and the fact that it lasts until a residence permit is issued entails excessive burdens and consequently constitute in practice an obstacle to the free movement of workers, contrary to Article 48 of the Treaty.
Denne tilrettelæggelse af proceduren og dens varighed indtil udstedelsen af et opholdsbevis indebærer en overdreven byrde for den pågældende, og de udgør således en reel hindring for arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed, der er i strid med traktatens artikel 48.
The Belgian legislation infringes Community law in automatically requiring nationals of other Member States who arc looking for employment to leave Belgium after expiry of the period laid down.
Uanset at direktivets artikel 8, stk. 2, bestemmer, at de kompetente myndigheder i modtagerlandet kan kræve, at arbejdstageren anmelder sit ophold, følger det af ovenstående, at alt, hvad der ligger ud over en sådan anmeldelse og antager karakter af en godkendelse eller et opholdsbevis, er uforeneligt med direktivet.
As regards the rules relating to payment of duties upon the issue of certificates, Article 9(1) of the Directive clearly states that residence documents granted to nationals of Member States of the Community are to be issued and renewed free of charge or on payment of an amount not exceeding the dues and taxes charged for the issue of identity cards to a Member State's own nationals.
På grund af reglerne om bekræftelse af registreringen skal en EF-statsborger gennem
Consequently, the objection raised by the Commission in this regard must be considered to be well founded.
Dernæst udgør kravet om betaling af et gebyr i forbindelse med en sådan anmeldelse en økonomisk hindring for disse arbejdstageres frie
Furthermore, since a payment may be required from a Community national upon issue and each renewal of a registration certificate, these rules infringe the principle laid down in Article 9(1) of
»1) Kongeriget Belgien har tilsidesat de forpligtelser, der påhviler det i henhold til EF-traktatens artikel 48 og Rådets direktiv 68/360/EØF af 15. oktober 1968 om afskaffelse af restriktioner om rejse og ophold inden for Fællesskabet for medlemsstaternes arbejdstagere og deres familiemedlemmer,
The Commission considers that obtaining the issue of a document covering stays by persons from other Member States who go to Belgium in order to pursue an activity as employed persons there for a period not lasting more than three months and also stays by seasonal workers constitutes an administrative and financial obstacle for such persons, rendering this requirement contrary to Article 8(1) of the Directive, which does not provide for the issue of such a document.
— idet det pålægger statsborgere fra de øvrige medlemsstater, som søger beskæftigelse i Belgien, at forlade landet efter tre måneders forløb,
Although Article 8(2) of the Directive provides that the competent authorities of the host Member State may require the worker to report his presence, it follows from the foregoing that anything going beyond having to report one's presence and having the character of an authorization or a residence permit is not compatible with the Directive.
— idet det til arbejdstagere, der har et arbejde af mindst et års varighed, i de første seks måneder af deres ophold i stedet for et opholdsbevis for statsborgere i en medlemsstat udsteder to på hinanden følgende bekræftelser på, at de er registreret, og kræver betaling for bekræftelserne, og
Furthermore, requiring a person to pay a charge when he reports his presence constitutes a financial obstacle to the movement of workers, which is also contrary to Community rules.