natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Generaladvokat M. Darmon fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Tredje Afdeling) den 20. januar 1994.
Regulations shall be entitled to an orphan's pension fixed in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 80 of the Staff Regulations."
9021 i den kombinerede nomen klatur (1992) skal fortolkes således, at det ikke omfatter sko af den art, som er beskrevet i forelæggelseskendelsen.
Consequently, the pension provided for in the fourth paragraph of Article 80 of the Staff Regulations can be paid only if the death of the official's spouse occurs after the official's entry into the service, that being the point in time from which he is a member of the Community pension scheme.
Sag T-8/93: Michelle Huet mod Revisionsretten for De Europæiske Fællesskaber Personalesag 23.3.1994 "Tjenestemænd - ægtefælles dødsfald - børnepension i henhold til vedtægtens artikel 80, stk. 4, og artikel 37, stk. 5, i ansættelsesvilkårene for de øvrige ansatte - dødsfald indtruffet forud for tiltrædelsen af tjenesten i Fællesskaberne" (Femte Afdeling)
Case T-3/93 Société Anonyme à Participation Ouvrière Compagnie Nationale Air France ν Commission of the European Communities 24 March 1994 (Regulation No 4064/89 -- Admissibility -- Concept of 'decision' -- Form of act -- Competitor directly and individually concerned -- Concentration with a Community dimension -- Consultation of Member States -- Principle of equal treatment between Member States) (Second Chamber)
Hun har to børn, hvis far afgik ved døden, før hun tiltrådte tjenesten i Fællesskaberne.
The factual and legal background to the dispute
Artikel 37, stk. 5, i ansættelsesvilkårene for de øvrige ansatte i Fælles skaberne, hvorefter vedtægtens artikel 80, stk. 4, finder anvendelse på disse ansatte, bestemmer således:
In the wake of problems encountered by the British civil aviation company Dan Air Services Limited, a member of the Davies and Newman Holdings pic group, British Airways pic (hereinafter referred to as ' BA') put itself forward as a prospective candidate for the takeover of that undertaking.
"Såfremt ægtefællen til en midlertidigt ansat eller til en tidligere ansat, der er berettiget til alders- eller invalidepension, afgår ved døden, og nævnte ægtefælle selv hverken var tjenestemand eller midlertidigt ansat, har de børn, over for hvilke den efterlevende ægtefælle har forsørgerpligt i henhold til artikel 2 i bilag VII i vedtægten, ret til børnepension fast sat i henhold til artikel 80, sidste stykke, i vedtægten."
The acquisition of Dan Air was not notified to the Commission pursuant to Council Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 of 21 December 1989 on the control of concentrations between undertakings. However, there were informal contacts with Commission staff.
Retten i Første Instans fandt, at ydelsen i henholo til vedtægtens artikel 80, stk. 4, ikke vedrører en ydelse, der tilkommer tjenestemanden som et supplerende børnetilskud, men en pension, som tilkommer børn, der har mistet den ene af forældrene.
On that date its advisers informed the Commission's staff in writing that in their view the operation did not fall within the scope of the Regulation, since under the proposed terms of the
Retten i Første Instans henviste herved til, at princippet for pensionsordningen for EF-ansatte er, at der ved pensionsordningen mod betaling af bidrag gives dækning af de risici for dødsfald eller invaliditet, som ind træffer i løbet af forsikringsperioden.
A memorandum was annexed to that correspondence showing that Davies and Newman's turnover during the company's last financial year, ended 31 December 1991, was higher or lower than ECU 250 million, depending on whether or not account was taken of the turnover resulting from Dan Air's charter activities.
Retten konkluderede, at pensionen i henhold til vedtægtens artikel 80, stk. 4, alene kan udbetales, såfremt tjenestemandens ægtefælle afgår ved døden efter tjenestemandens tiltrædelse, hvilket er det tidspunkt, hvorfra han er tilsluttet Fællesskabernes pensionsordning.
By letter of 21 October 1992 the Commission's staff confirmed to BA that, on the basis of the information provided, the proposed operation did not appear on an initial analysis to have a Community dimension.
Det hedder i domskonklusionen:
That letter stated that the views expressed in it were those of the MTF and were not binding on the Commission itself.
Hver part bærer sine omkostninger."
On 23 October 1992 the terms of the transaction were laid down in an agreement concluded between Davies and Newman of the one part and BA of the other part.
"Forordning nr. 4064/89 - realitetspåkendelse - begrebet beslutning - rets aktens form - konkurrent umiddelbart og individuelt berørt - fusion af fællesskabsdimension - høring af medlemsstaterne - princippet om ligebehandling af medlemsstaterne" (Anden Afdeling)
By letter of 30 October 1992 the Commission's staff confirmed that in their view the transaction did not have a Community dimension. As before, the letter stated that the views expressed in it were those of the MTF and that they were not binding on the Commission in respect of any future decisions which it might take.
Faktiske omstændigheder og retlig baggrund
A statement by the spokesm
Efter at det britiske flyselskab Dan Air Services Limited, som tilhører koncernen Davies and Newman Holdings, var kommet i vanskeligheder, meldte British Airways (BA) sig som interesseret i at overtage virksomheden.
,i for the Commissioner responsible for competition t matters, also dated 30 October 1992, was reported in the following terms by the Europe press agency on 31 October 1992: 'The proposed concentration between British Airways and Dan Air ... is not considered of Community dimension as one of the quantitative thresholds fixed by the EC regulation on the prior control of mergers is not reached".
Købet af Dan Air blev ikke anmeldt til Kommissionen i henhold til Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 4064/89 af 21. december 1989 om kontrol med fusioner og virksomhedsovertagelser. Der var dog officielle kontakter med Kommissionens tjenestegrene. Den 16. oktober 1992 orienterede BA Merger Task Force om den planlagte fusion.
Those were the circumstances in which, by application lodged on 5 January 1993, Air France brought this action for the annulment of the decision of 30 October 1992, which was made public on that date by the aforementioned declaration by the spokesman for the Commissioner responsible for competition matters.
Gennemførelsen af af talen var bl.a. betinget af, at koncernens chartervirksomhed blev indstillet eller afhændet.
The contested act produced, first, a series of legal effects with regard to Member States.
Med henblik på at opfylde denne forpligtelse indstillede Davies and Newman inden gennemførelsen af transaktionen sine charteraktiviteter og afhændede de dele af virksomheden, som ikke var nødvendige for videreførelsen af koncernens rutefart.
The effect of the statement by the Commissioner responsible for competition matters, by which he publicly declared the Regulation to be inapplicable to the transaction in issue, was to confirm beyond all doubt the competence of the Member States whose territory was more particularly concerned having regard to the location of the undertakings which were parties to the transaction and the air services involved, namely the United Kingdom and the French Republic, to appraise the concentration in the light of their own national laws relating to the review of such concentrations.
Ved skrivelse af 30. oktober 1992 bekræftede tjenestegrenene, at transaktionen efter deres opfattelse ikke var af fæl iesskabsdimension.
The contested act also produced legal effects with regard to the undertakings which were parties to the concentration.
Det blev i skrivelsen endnu en gang understreget, at den kun var bindende for Kommissionens tjenestegrene og ikke foregreb Kommissionens senere beslutninger.
The effect of such a statement was to absolve the undertakings involved in the transaction from the obligation to notify it to the Commission.
Ligeledes den 30. oktober 1992 afgav konkurrencekommissærens talsmand en erklæring, der af pressebureauet Europe den 31. oktober 1992 blev refereret således: "... den planlagte fusion mellem British Airways og Dan Air ... anses [ikke] for at være af fællesskabsdimension, da en af de kvalitative tærskelværdier, der er fastsat i EF-forordningen om kontrol med fusioner, ikke er nået".
The Court observed that a clear distinction was to be drawn between the contested act and the letters sent to BA on 21 and 30 October 1992, not only because of the legal effects which the act had on the undertakings involved in the transaction, but also because of the differences in the form taken by those successive appraisals of the transaction, emanated solely from Commission staff and expressly stated, moreover, that they were not binding on the Commission as such; the contested act, on the other hand, must be considered to have been adopted by the Commissioner responsible for competition matters and thus publicly committed the Commission as a whole.
Det er på denne baggrund, at Air France ved stævning registreret den 5. januar 1993 havde anlagt sag med påstand om annullation af beslutningen af 30. oktober 1992 som meddelt offentligheden samme dag ved erklæringen fra konkurrencekommissærens talsmand.
For Member States and third parties, particularly direct competitors of the undertakings which were parties to the transaction, the effects are at least the same as those resulting from a formal decision by the Commission, likewise adopted pursuant to that provision of the Regulation.
Den anfægtede retsakt havde for det første en række retlige virkninger i forhold til medlemsstaterne. Erklæringen fra konkurrencekommissæren, hvori det offentligt blev fastslået, at forordningen ikke fandt anvendelse på den pågældende fusion, indeholdt en klar angivelse af, at de medlemsstater, hvis område især var berørt, når henses til hjemstedet for de fusionerende virksomheder og til de pågældende luftruter, nemlig Det Forenede Kongerige og Den Franske Republik, var kompetente til at træffe afgørelse vedrørende fusionen på grundlag af deres egen nationale lovgivning om kontrol med fusioner.
The Court noted that the contested act is in an unusual form, inasmuch as, first, it is apparent from the inquiry into the case, and in particular from the Commission's answers to the written questions put by the Court, that no written document exists apart from the transcription published by certain press agencies such as Agence Europe, and secondly, the very wide publicity given to the statement tends, by its very form, to assimilate it to an act of general application rather than a decision of an individual nature.
Erklæringen medførte nemlig, at de berørte virksomheder blev fritaget for at anmelde fusionen til Kommissionen.
However, it has been consistently held that the right to bring proceedings takes into
Skrivelserne hidrører nemlig kun fra Kommissionens tjenestegrene, og det angives udtrykkeligt i skrivelserne, at de ikke er bindende for Kommissionen som sådan.
According to the Commission, the contested act did not in any way prevent the applicant, if it considered its case to be well-founded, from giving formal notice to the Commission to call on BA to notify the transaction.
Den anfægtede retsakt må derimod betragtes som hidrørende fra det medlem af Kommissionen, der har ansvaret for konkurrencespørgsmål, og der er derfor tale om, at hele kommissærkollegiet offentligt påtog sig en forpligtelse.
Such notice would have enabled the applicant either to have recourse, pursuant to Article 175 of the EEC Treaty, to proceedings for failure to act, in the event of a failure to respond on the part of the Commission, or, in the contrary case, to an action for annulment.
Retten finder dernæst, at virkningerne af den anfægtede erklæring for de deltagende virksomheder i den planlagte fusion er de samme som dem, der ville være indtrådt, hvis Kommissionen ved en beslutning, som var truffet på grundlag af en i overensstemmelse med reglerne foretagen anmeldelse af fusionen, i medfør af forordningens artikel 6, stk. 1, litra a), havde fastslået, at denne ikke var af "fællesskabsdimension".
The Commission maintained that the proceedings should have been brought before the national courts, even though it might have been necessary for a reference to be made to the Court of Justice under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty for a preliminary ruling on the question of the 'Community dimension' of the transaction.
For medlemsstaterne og for tredjemand, navnlig direkte konkurrenter til de virksomheder, der deltager i fusionen, er de pågældende virkninger i hvert fald de samme som dem, der ville følge af en formel beslutning fra Kommissionens side i henhold til den pågældende bestemmelse i forordningen.
The Court considered that the remedies advocated by the Commission are not appropriate to the circumstances of the present case; nor do they preclude other remedies.
Det er ubestridt, at en sådan beslutning ville kunne gøres til genstand for et annullationssøgsmål ved EF's retsinstanser.
In the present case, recourse to the legal procedures advocated by the Commission would have unnecessarily protracted the resolution of the dispute in circumstances which, as the Commission itself has acknowledged, are hardly compatible with the urgency which characterizes the general scheme of the Regulation.
Den anfægtede retsakt har en usædvanlig form, dels fordi der ikke findes andet skriftligt materiale end den tekst, der blev offentliggjort af diverse pressebureauer, dels fordi den meget omfattende offentliggørelse, erklæringen blev gjort til genstand for, peger i retningen af, at erklæringen ud fra selve formen snarere må sidestilles med en generel retsakt end med en individuel beslutning. Det følger dog af en fast retspraksis, at mulighederne for en domstolsprøvelse i første række afhænger af retsaktens indhold og af, om retsakten har retlige virkninger, der berører sagsøgeren person ligt.
As regards the objection that the applicant should instead have directed its action against the decision of the Secretary of State, and without there being any need to consider whether it was possible to dispute before the national courts the legality of a Commission decision which by that time had become definitive, the Court in any event noted that the possible existence of a remedy before the national courts cannot preclude the possibility of contesting the legality of a decision adopted by a Community institution directly before the Community courts under Article 173 of the Treaty.
Kommissionen anførte endvidere, at sagen skulle have været anlagt ved de nationale domstole, hvorefter spørgsmålet, om fusionen var af "fællesskabsdimension", kunne være afgjort ved hjælp af et præjudicielt spørgsmål til Domstolen.
The Court considered, first, that since the contested statement enabled, in law and in fact, the proposed operation to be put into effect immediately, it was such as to bring about an immediate change in the situation in the market or markets concerned, depending solely on the wishes of the parties.
Retten bemærkede, at de retsmidler, som ifølge Kommissionen bør anvendes, under de i sagen foreliggende omstændigheder ikke er hensigtsmæssige, ligesom de ikke udelukker andre retsmidler.
The Court observed, secondly, that the situation of Air France is clearly different, having regard to the concentration in issue, from that of other international air carriers.
Hvis man i det foreliggende
In those circumstances, Air France's position is
- 26 - tilfælde havde benyttet sig af de af Kommissionen foreslåede retsmidler, ville dette have ført til en unødig forsinkelse af sagens afgørelse, hvilket - som erkendt af Kommissionen - næppe er foreneligt med det krav om hurtighed, der generelt karakteriserer forordningen.
26 - comparable to that of an addressee of the decision who is directly and individually concerned.
Spørgsmålet om den anfægtede beslutning berører sagsøgeren umiddelbart og individuelt
The applicant contested the Commission's view that the operation at issue does not have a 'Community dimension' within the meaning of Article 1(1) of the Regulation because, in assessing the turnover of the undertaking acquired, its turnover from its charter activities is not to be taken into account on the ground that those activities were discontinued prior to the concentration giving rise to the dispute.
Retten bemærkede for det andet, at Air France's situation i relation til den omhandlede fusion klart adskiller sig fra de andre internationale luftfartsselskabers.
Having regard to the objective of Article 5(2) of the Regulation, and despite the fact that the article contains no express reference to the discontinuance of activities, the Court considered that the concepts of the partial transfer and the partial discontinuance of activities are comparable, inasmuch as they both allow a precise appraisal to be made of the exact subject-matter, composition and extent of the proposed concentration.
Air France-koncernens konkurrencemæssige stilling bliver nemlig berørt på en måde, der adskiller den fra ethvert andet flyselskab.
It follows that only the turnover relating to those parts of the undertaking which are actually acquired are to be taken into account for the purposes of appraising the dimension of the proposed operation.
Air France kan under disse omstændigheder sidestilles med en adressat for beslutningen, der er umiddelbart og individuelt berørt.
Consequently, reference should only be made to the turnover for the last financial year of those parts of the undertaking which are actually acquired.
Sagsøgeren anfægtede den af Kommissionen foretagne vurdering, hvorefter den omhandlede transaktion ikke er af "fællesskabsdimension" som omhandlet i forordningens artikel 1, stk. 1, fordi der ved beregningen af den overtagne virksomheds omsætning ikke skal tages hensyn til omsætningen i forbindelse med selskabets charteraktiviteter, da disse aktiviteter var opgivet forud for den fusion, der har givet anledning til sagen.
It was apparent from the foregoing analysis of the acquisition contract concluded on 23 October 1992 that, by virtue of the suspensory condition, the charter business is expressly excluded from the scope of the contract.
Formålet med forord ningens artikel 5, stk. 2, er altså at fastslå fusionens reelle omfang med henblik på afgørelsen af, om den planlagte fusion i betragtning af de faktisk overtagne dele af virksomheden, uanset om der er tale om retlige enheder, er af "fællesskabsdimension" i forordningens artikel l's forstand.
In applying the provisions of Article 5(2) of the Regulation, therefore, only the turnover in respect of activities effectively forming the subject-matter of the transaction was to be taken into account for the purposes of the appraisal of the 'Community dimension' of the operation.
Når henses til dette formål med forordningens artikel 5, stk. 2, og selv om der i artiklen ikke udtrykkelig tales om standsning af aktiviteter, finder Retten, at begreberne "delvis overdragelse" og "delvis standsning" af aktiviteter kan sidestilles, da de begge giver mulighed for nøjagtigt at fast slå den planlagte fusions genstand og omfang. Det følger heraf, at der ved
It is common ground that the turnover thus determined, that is to say, the turnover relating solely to the part of Davies and Newman which was acquired by BA, determined at the end of the preceding accounting year is below the threshold laid down by the provisions of Article 1(2) of the Regulation.
Det hedder i domskonklusionen:
The Court of First Instance :
Sagsøgeren bærer sagens omkostninger, herunder de af intervenienten British Airways afholdte omkostninger.
Orders the applicant to pay the costs, including those of the intervener British Airways;
Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland bærer sine egne omkostninger."
Orders the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to pay its own costs."
Sag C-292/93: Norbert Lieber mod Willi S. Göbel og Siegrid Göbel
S Göbel and Siegrid Göbel
Præjudiciel - Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main - fortolkning af Bruxel-les-konventionens artikel 16, nr. 1 - kompetencen i sager om rettigheder over fast ejendom samt om leje eller forpagtning af fast ejendom - godtgørelse for brugen af en lejlighed efter en fejlslagen ejendomsoverdragelse
Preliminary ruling - Oberlandsgericht Frankfurt am Main - Interpretation of Article 16(1) of the Brussels Convention - Jurisdiction in the field of rights in rem in immovable property and tenancies of immoveable property -Compensation for use of a dwelling after failure to transfer property
Generaladvokat M. Darmon fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Femte Afdeling) den 22. marts 1994.
Mr Advocate General Darmon delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Fifth Chamber on 22 March 1994
"Krav om godtgørelse for brugen af en fast ejendom efter en ugyldig ejendomsoverdragelse er ikke omfattet af anvendelsesområdet for artikel 16, nr. 1, i Bruxelles-konventionen af 27. september 1968 om retternes kompetence og om fuldbyrdelse af retsafgørelser i borgerlige sager, herunder handelssager." sager."
"The application for compensation for use of immovable property following the annulment of a sales contract does not come within the scope of Article 16(1) of the Brussels Convention of 27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters."
"Den afgørelse, som efter Bruxelles-konventionens artikel 27, nr. 3, kan hindre anerkendelse af en udenlandsk afgørelser, kan ikke være et eksigibelt forlig, der under en retssag og til bilæggelse af denne er indgået af de samme parter for en ret i den stat, som begæringen om anerkendelse rettes til."
Preliminary ruing - Bundesgerichtshof - Interpretation of Article 27(3) of the Brussels Convention - Concept of "judgment given in a dispute between the same parties" - Enforceable settlement reached by the same parties before a judge
Generaladvokat F.G. Jacobs fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Domstolens plenum) den 23. marts 1994.
Mr Advocate General Gulmann delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Sixth Chamber on 22 March 1994
"1) i sag C-278/92: at artikel 2, stk. 1, samt artikel 3 og 4 i Kommissionens beslutning 92/317/EØF blev annulleret;
"(1) in Case C-278/92, the second paragraph of Article 2 and Articles 3 and 4 of Commission Decision 92/317/EEC should be annulled;
2) i sagerne C-279/92 og C-280/92: frifindelse;
(2) in Cases C-279/92 and C-280/92 the actions should be dismissed;
3) at parterne blev dømt til at bære deres egne omkostninger."
(3) the parties she χ Id be ordered to bear their own costs."
Sag C-42/93: Kongeriget Spanien mod Kommissionen
Case C-42/93 Kingdom of Spain ν Commission
Annullation af Kommissionens beslutning C(92)2654 af 4. november 1992 om den spanske regerings støtte til virksomheden MERCO
Annulment of Commission Decision C(92)2654 Final of 4 November 1992 relating to aid granted by the Spanish Government to the company MERCO
Generaladvokat F.G. Jacobs fremsatte forslag til afgørelse i retsmødet (Domstolens plenum) den 23. marts 1994.
Mr Advocate General Jacobs delivered his Opinion at the sitting of the Full Court on 23 march 1994
Han foreslog, at
He considered that the Court should :
"1) sagsøgte blev frifundet, og
Dismiss the action;