natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hidtil har samarbejdet navnlig været koncentreret i Copernicus (Specific Programme for Cooperation with CECs and NIS — særprogram for samarbejde med de central- og østeuropæiske lande og de nye uafhængige stater), og deltagelsen i det fjerde rammeprogram er forholdsvis lav. Slovakiet er medlem af COST (Europæisk Samarbejde om videnskabelig og teknisk Forskning) og EUREKA (European Research Coordination Agency — agentur for koordinering af europæisk forskning).
However, provided that the necessary legislative measures are pursued with sufficient urgency and are accompanied by the necessary structural adaptations of the industry, it is reasonable to expect that Slovakia should be able to meet EC requirements in the audio-visual sector in the medium term.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
Economic and monetary union
Dækningsgraden for telefoni var ved udgangen af 1996 steget til 23,2 tilslutninger pr. 100 indbyggere, men der stod stadig 145 000 på venteliste for at få en telefontilslutning.
The legal framework for the audio-visual sector is determined by the 1991 Slovak Television Act, and the 1991 Radio and Television Broadcasting Act.
Regeringen sigter mod at nedbringe ventetiden på en tilslutning til 5 måneder og at nå op på 35 tilslutninger pr. 100 indbyggere inden år 2000.
The first act dismantles the State's monopoly and prescribes the basic rules, rights and regulations for broadcasting and broadcasters, whilst the latter provides for the Radio and Television Broadcasting Council, which decides on licences granted to broadcasters.
Hovedparten af teletjenesterne udbydes af Slovenske Telekomunikacie (ST), der er et stats monopol.
The main television broadcaster is Slovak Television. vision.
Der er indledt forberedelser på at omdanne selskabet til et aktieselskab.
Since the State monopoly over film production and distribution was lifted, small private producers have become active.
Regeringen har erkendt, at der er behov for privat kapital, for at sektoren fortsat kan ekspandere, og man overvejer de forskellige muligheder for privatisering af ST.
The distribution sector is occupied by several companies.
Slovakiet råder over en forsknings- og udviklingssektor på højt niveau, der som følge af væsentlige nedskæringer i statsstøtten hurtigt er blevet rationaliseret.
By the time of Slovakia's accession, the third stage of EMU will have commenced.
De retlige og finansielle rammer for forsknings- og udviklingsbehov må nu konsolideres for at stabilisere sektoren og give den et klart mål for den fremtidige udvikling.
This will mark important changes for all Member States, including those that do not participate in the euro area.
Lovforslag om forskning og udvikling er under udarbejdelse.
All Member States, including the new ones, will participate fully in the economic and monetary union.
Finansieringen bør øges og i højere grad spredes.
Their economic policies will be a matter of common concern and they will be involved in the coordination of economic policies (national convergence programmes, broad economic guidelines, multilateral surveillance, excessive deficit procedure).
Øget deltagelse i Fællesskabets programmer skulle også kunne bidrage til at konsolidere denne sektor, så den bedre kan medvirke til den industrielle innovation.
They will be required to respect the stability and growth pact, to renounce any direct central bank financing of the public sector deficit and privileged access of public authorities to financial institutions, and to have completed the liberalization of capital movements.
Tiltrædelse vil være til gensidig fordel.
This will require strengthening structural reforms in the area of monetary and exchange rate policies.
Under WTO-forhandlingerne har regeringen for pligtet sig til at ophæve det monopol, som Slovenske Telekomunikacie (ST) har på taletelefoni, senest 1. januar 2003.
Member States not participating in the euro area will be able to conduct an autonomous monetary policy and participate in the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) on a restricted basis.
Målsætningerne for EU's telekommunikationspolitik er at afskaffe hindringerne for, at enhedsmarke-
The audio-visual sector in Slovakia is attempting to re-establish itself after major upheavals in recent years, and is characterized by rapid growth and constant change.
mobilnet, men i 1996 blev der sat to digitale mobilnet i drift, der bygger på den fælleseuropæiske standard, GSM.
bad loans. In addition, the bankruptcy procedures are not effectively enforced and financial markets are relatively underdeveloped.
EU-lovgivningen mod at nedbringe ventetiden på en telefontilslutning til 5 måneder og øge dækningsgraden til 35 tilslutninger pr. 100 indbyggere inden år 2000. Forudsat at regeringen kan finansiere de nødvendige investeringer, skulle dette mål kunne nås.
be 'efficient' in transmitting its impulses to the real economy.
38 % af det offentlige net er digitaliseret, sammenlignet med 62,4 % i gennemsnit for Grækenland, Portugal og Irland.
Finally all Member States shall treat their exchange rate policy as a matter of common interest and be in a position to stabilize their exchange rates in a mechanism yet to be decided.
Regeringen overvejer de forskellige muligheder for privatisering af ST som et yderligere middel til at skaffe kapital til investeringer.
The exchange rate regime is a peg with fluctuation bands around the central parity.
Den nuværende ind tægt pr. tilslutning er muligvis for lav til, at nettet kan udvides, så der overalt er adgang til teletjenester.
In an effort to curb the domestic external borrowing which was en dangering its ability to control money supply growth, in 1996 the Slovak Central Bank progressively widened the fluctuation margins of the exchange rate around the central parity.
Købekraftniveauet tyder på, at indtægterne vil kunne øges gennem en yderligere takstreform.
Since 1993, the exchange rate has been stable within the targeted range.
Ved udgangen af 1996 var der kun 25 000 abonnementer på celleopbygget mobiltelefoni, svarende til 0,47 pr. 100 indbyggere.
It is premature to judge whether the Slovak Republic will be in a position, by the time of its accession, to participate in the euro area; that will depend on the success of its structural transformation permitting to attain and to adhere permanently to the convergence criteria, which are not however a condition of accession.
Loven om telekommunikation af 1964 blev ændret i 1993 (af den tidligere forbundsregering), hvorved reguleringsfunktioner blev adskilt fra driftsfunktioner.
As membership of the European Union implies acceptance of the goal of EMU, the convergence criteria will have to be fulfilled by Slovakia, although not necessarily on accession.
Den nye lov ophævede samtidig de lovfæstede monopoler, tillod privatisering og pålagde krav om godkendelse af eksisterende operatører.
While the fulfilment of the convergence criteria is not a precondition for EU membership, they remain key points of reference for stability-oriented macroeconomic policies, and must in time be fulfilled by new Member States on a permanent basis.
Herved blev det muligt for regeringen at tage fat på en liberalisering af sektoren, hvilket den dog endnu ikke har gjort.
Hence the successful conclusion of systematic transformation and market-oriented structural reforms is essential.
Der skal en mere effektiv adskillelse mel lem det regulerende/politiske organ og driftsfunktionerne til for at bringe forholdene i overensstemmelse med EU-lovgivningen og sætte regeringen i stand til at føre en effektiv konkurrencefremmende politik.
Slovakia's economic situation and progress has already been analysed in preceding chapters of this opinion.
Ifølge den nye lovgivning, som nu foreligger i udkast, opdeles reguleringsaktiviteterne mellem fire organer: Ministeriet for Transport og Kommunikation, Kontoret for Telekommunikation, de regionale kontorer for telekommunikation og Finansministeriet, der vil stå for reguleringen af visse takster.
The Slovak Republic's participation in the third stage of EMU as a non-participant in the curo area should pose no problems in the medium term, provided that Central Bank legislation is made fully compatible with EC rules and that the banking sector is restructured, according to the criteria of a market economy.
I 1995 var der 13,7 ansatte pr. 1 000 tilslutninger sammenlignet med 6,2 i gennemsnit for Grækenland, Portugal og Irland, og nye abonnenter havde ventet gennemsnitligt 1,5 år på en tilslutning.
The acquis in the area of direct taxation mainly concerns some aspects of corporation taxes and capital duty.
Indtægten pr. tilslutning (ca. 264 ECU i 1995) ligger tæt på det minimum, der er nødvendigt, for at nettet kan drives som en rentabel forretning, samtidig med at der overalt tilbydes tjenester til overkommelige priser.
The Slovak Central Bank is largely independent from the government in terms of the appointment procedure of its governor and the conduct of monetary policy.
Operatøren af det offentlige net må øge produktiviteten for at blive konkurrencedygtig.
The statutory objective of the Central Bank is to ensure the stability of the Slovak currency, but it has always been interpreted in terms of price stability.
Forudsat at takstudligningen og den økonomiske vækst fortsætter, skulle telesektoren være rustet til en fuldstændig liberalisering i 2003.
The provisions of the Law on the Central Bank are still far from compatible with the Treaty, but the Slovak Republic has a sound fiscal record which has implied no budget deficit financing to date.
Takstudligningen er under kontrol, omend prisfastsættelsespolitikken kompliceres af opdelingen af beføjelserne mellem to ministerier.
Monetary policy has been quite effective in driving inflation down to single digit levels, although it must be stressed that the Slovak Central Bank started to use market-oriented instruments only in 1996.
Der bliver brug for politiske tiltag for at sikre, at forsyningspligten opfyldes, efterhånden som det overordnede net udvides til områder, der er mindre økonomisk aktive.
The control of money supply has been relatively difficult in the past due to the combination of a fixed exchange rate and the expectation of positive real interest rates (due to low inflation).
Det bliver ikke uden problemer for Slovakiet at bringe forholdene i overensstemmelse med EU-lovgivningen på lidt længere sigt, da der ikke er tilstrækkelig administrativ kapacitet til at færdiggøre og gennemføre ny lovgivning.
The Central Bank reacted in 1996 by widening the fluctuation margins of the exchange rate around the central parity, increasing the reserve requirements and introducing limits on the volume of refinancing credits to the banks.
Operatøren af det offentlige net må øge konkurrenceevnen for at tiltrække investeringer og ruste sig til konkurrencevilkår.
This has caused severe liquidity shortages in the interbank market, where there is only one supplier of deposits.
Regeringens hovedmålsætning har været at fremme investeringerne i udvidelse og modernisering af det offentlige net og at øge kvaliteten af de tjenester, der udbydes.
The indirect taxation acquis consists primarily of harmonized legislation in the field of value-added tax and excise duties.
Ekspansionen er for en stor del sket på grundlag af internt oparbejdet overskud samt lån fra de internationale finansieringsinstitutter.
This includes the application of a non-cumulative general tax on consumption (VAT) which is levied on all stages of production and distribution of goods and services.
Når langdistancenettet bliver færdigt, vil der ske store fremskridt i adgangen til avancerede tjenester, især i de større byer.
The VAT acquis also contains transitional arrangements for the taxation of transactions within the European Union between taxable persons.
Mellem 1991 og 1996 voksede det faste net fra 14,3 til 23,5 tilslutninger pr. 100 ind byggere, sammenlignet med 43,9 i gennemsnit for Grækenland, Portugal og Irland. Regeringen sigter
In the field of excise duties the acquis contains harmonized tax structures and minimum rates of duty together with common rules on the holding and movement of harmonized excisable goods (including the use of fiscal warehouses).
Formålet med den gældender fællesskabsret ved rørende av-sektoren er, som led i det indre marked,
As a result of the introduction of the single market, all fiscal controls at the Community's internal frontiers were abolished in January 1993.
Den slovakiske av-lovgivning er ikke fuldt ud for enelig med EU-kravene; der er mangler med hensyn til fremme af europæiske produktioner, uaf hængige producenter og nyere produktioner, definitionen af europæiske produktioner, placeringen af reklameindslag og reklamens indhold.
The mutual assistance between Member State tax authorities is an important feature of administrative cooperation in the internal market; the respective directive covers both direct and indirect taxation.
Ændringer af lovgivningen drøftes i øjeblikket af den slovakiske regering.
The current system of excise duty in the Slovak Republic was introduced on 1 January 1993.
Konklusion at sikre adgangen til og den frie bevægelighed for audiovisuelle tjenester inden for EU samt at frem me den europæiske programindustri.
The Europe Agreement contains provisions on approximation of legislation in the area of indirect taxation.
Europaaftalen omhandler samarbejde om fremme og modernisering af den audiovisuelle industri og harmonisering af lovgivningsmæssige aspekter af den audiovisuelle politik.
The White Paper contains as Stage I measures those which make up the main requirements of the indirect taxation acquis (essentially, those measures applied in the Community up to 1993), and as Stage II measures those which are, in addition, necessary to implement the full indirect taxation acquis.
Der er behov for mere information om, hvorledes den lovgivningsmæssige situation udvikler sig. Men forudsat, at de nødvendige lovgivningsmæssige foranstaltninger indføres tilstrækkelig hurtigt og ledsages af den nødvendige strukturtilpasning inden for industrien, vil det med rimelighed kunne forventes, at Slovakiet på mellemlang sigt vil kunne opfylde EF-kravene inden for den audiovisuelle sektor.
The tax administration has not yet had to develop its capacity for mutual assistance with the tax authorities of Member States, since mutual assistance is a feature which would only become applicable on accession.
Økonomisk og monetær union
Value-added tax
Lovgrundlaget for av-sektoren udgøres af den slo vakiske tv-lov fra 1991, og loven om radio- og tvtransmission fra 1991.
The current VAT system in Slovakia has been based on the main principles of the VAT legislation of the Community.
Den første lov ophæver statsmonopolet og fastslår de grundlæggende regler og rettigheder for tv-radiospredning og tv-radiospredningsorganer, medens den anden opretter radio- og tv-rådet, som træffer beslutning om tildeling af sendetilladelser.
It is a good starting point in its future alignment with the Community VAT acquis, although it is relatively general in its application.
Det største tv-radiospredningsorgan er det slovakiske tv.
The overall contribution of VAT and excise duty revenue to the Slovak State budget was about 32% and 12% respectively in 1995.
Siden statsmonopolet for filmproduktion og -distribution blev ophævet, er en række små private producenter blevet aktive. Distributionssektoren omfatter flere selskaber.
Foreign traders who are not permanently established in Slovakia and listed in the Commercial Register cannot be registered for VAT in the country.
På det tidspunkt, hvor Slovakiet tiltræder, vil ØMU'en være gået ind i tredje fase.
The Slovak Republic's membership of the European Union would require additional adjustments to bring the VAT legislation into line with the requirements of the Community acquis, in particular as regards the system of taxation necessary in a Community with no internal frontier controls.
Dette vil med føre betydelige ændringer for samtlige medlemsstater, herunder dem, der ikke indgår i euro-området.
The current Slovak VAT system was introduced on 1 January 1993 replacing the previous single-stage turnover tax.
Alle medlemsstater, også de nye, vil komme til at deltage fuldt ud i Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union.
Slovakia applies a dual VAT rate system: a standard VAT rate of 23% and a reduced VAT rate of 6%.
Deres økonomiske politik vil være et anliggende af fælles interesse, og de vil blive inddraget i samordningen af den økonomiske politik (nationale konvergensprogrammer, overordnede økonomiske retningslinjer, multilateral overvågning, procedure i tilfælde af for stort underskud).
The standard rate applies in principle to all supplies of goods and services, which are not specifically taxed at the reduced rate.
Av-sektoren i Slovakiet forsøger at genetablere sig efter store omvæltninger i de senere år, og den er præget af hurtig vækst og stadig forandring.
These exemptions relate mainly to activities in the public interest, financial and insurance services, and lotteries and similar games.
Sektorens mulighed for reelt at overholde fælles skabsretten afhænger af, om programindustriens kapacitet forbedres, således at den kan imødegå de
Taxable persons are in principle, entitled to deduct VAT incurred on their purchases for business purposes of goods and services.
Tiltrædelsen indebærer et snævrere samarbejde med EU om monetære spørgsmål og valutakurser. Dette vil kræve strukturreformer til styrkelse af den monetære politik og valutakurspolitikken.
The Slovak national strategy plan for implementing the recommendations of the White Paper regarding VAT initially gives priority to restructuring the VAT rate scheme, and to the tax exempt treatment of supplies of goods to foreign air and shipping companies and supplies of services rendered on board such aircraft and ships.
Medlemsstater, der ikke indgår i euro-området, skal være i stand til at føre en selvstændig monetær poli-
During the period 1998 to 2000 the legislative programme is planned to focus on arrangements for the refund of VAT to tax able persons not established in Slovakia, the definition of taxable persons, and tax exemptions applicable to the temporary importation of goods other than means of transport. It is intended to fully align the
Som følge heraf er interbankrenten ret høj.
There are significant discrepancies between the Slovak excise regime and EU requirements.
Hertil kommer, at konkursprocedurerne ikke håndhæves effektivt, og at de finansielle markeder er forholdsvis uudviklede.
Firstly, there exists no excise suspension system where goods can move between authorized tax warehouses without payment of duty.
tik og i begrænset omfang deltage i Det Europæiske System af Centralbanker (ESCB). Deres central banker skal være uafhængige, og deres vigtigste mål skal være at sikre prisstabilitet.
The main principles of the Community acquis relate to the impartiality, reliability, transparency, confidentiality (of individual information) and dissemination of official statistics.
Den monetære politik skal gennemføres ved hjælp af markedsbaserede instrumenter og fungere effektivt i den for stand, at dens impulser hurtigt får virkning for økonomien.
In addition there exists an important body of principles and practices concerning the use of European and international classifications, systems of national accounts, business registers, and various categories of statistics.
Derfor skal reformpolitikken videreføres med henblik på at eliminere de faktorer, der hindrer en effektiv monetær politik, f.eks. utilstrækkelig konkurrence i banksektoren, utilstrækkelig udvikling af de finansielle markeder og problemet med »dårlige lån« inden for banksektoren. Endelig skal samtlige medlemsstater behandle deres valutakurs politik som et anliggende af fælles interesse og være i stand til at stabilisere deres vekselkurser ved hjælp af en mekanisme, som der endnu ikke er truffet afgørelse om.
Secondly, although the level of tax rates broadly oscillates around the minimum rates specified by individual EC directives, the level of rates applicable to mineral oils are below the EC minimum level, while the current specific rate of duty on cigarettes will have to be switched to a compound rate applied in the Community which consists of a specific element and an ad valorem element.
Valutakurssystemet er baseret på kurstilknytning med udsvingsmargener omkring centralkursen.
The Europe Agreement provides for cooperation to develop effective and reliable statistics, in harmony with international standards and classifications.
Siden 1993 har valutakursen ligget stabilt inden for det fastsatte interval.
The White Paper includes no provisions in this field.
Da medlemskab af Den Europæiske Union indebærer accept af, at målet er at etablere ØMU'en, skal Slovakiet på længere sigt opfylde konvergenskriterierne, selv om det ikke nødvendigvis vil blive krævet ved tiltrædelsen.
In order to ensure a correct application of the Community excise legislation it is essential that the Slovak Republic sets up a warehousing system based on the Community model as soon as possible, and adapts the structure and level of its excise rates in such a way that they comply with Community requirements.
Selv om opfyldelse af kon vergenskriterierne ikke er en forudsætning for EU-medlemskab, vil disse fortsat være vigtige referencepunkter for en stabilitetsorienteret makroøkonomisk politik, og de skal derfor fra et vist tidspunkt permanent være opfyldt af alle nye medlemsstater.
The Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (SOSR) is the central body charged with producing and disseminating official statistics in Slovakia.
Det er derfor af afgørende betydning, at der med held gennemføres systemændringer og markedsorienterede strukturreformer.
It is guided by a Statistical Council of representatives from other government administrations and from the private sector.
Slovakiets økonomiske situation og de hidtil opnåede fremskridt er analyseret i tidligere kapitler af denne udtalelse.
The legal basis for Slovak official statistics consists of the Law on State Statistics.
Det er endnu for tidligt at udtale sig om, hvorvidt Slovakiet på tiltrædelsestidspunktet vil være i stand til at indgå i euro-området.
A shortterm objective consists of an approximation of Slovak excise legislation towards the Community legislation in the period 1999 to 2000.
Det vil afhænge af, hvorvidt landet får held med strukturændringerne, så det kan opfylde og til stadighed overholde kon vergenskriterierne, hvilket imidlertid ikke er en for udsætning for tiltrædelse.
However, the effective setting-up of tax warehouses as well as the harmonization of the structure of duty on alcoholic beverages would be delayed.
Vurdering af den nuværende og fremtidige situation
Accordingly, a full harmonization of the legislation is not envisaged for a further few years.
Slovakiets deltagelse i ØMU'ens tredje fase uden samtidig at indgå i euro-området skulle ikke give problemer på mellemlang sigt, forudsat at lovgivningen om centralbanken gøres fuldt ud forenelig med EF-reglerne, og at banksektoren omstruktureres efter markedsøkonomiske principper.
Slovak legislation is, with a few exceptions, comparable with the current standards applied within the European Union.
Den Slovakiske Centralbank er i vid udstrækning uafhængig af regeringen, når man ser på proce duren for udpegning af centralbankchefen og gennemførelsen af den monetære politik.
There would also be a need, on accession, to implement the appropriate arrangements for ad ministrative cooperation and mutual assistance between Member States. These requirements are essential for the functioning of the internal market.
Centralbankens vedtægtsmæssige mål er at sikre den slovakiske valutas stabilitet, hvilket altid er blevet fortolket derhen, at den har skullet sikre pris stabilitet.
Some issues of transparency, confidentiality and dissemination need attention, and there are de ficiencies in sectors such as national and regional accounts, and the business register.