natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Kommissionen er desuden klar over, at opkrævning af høje bøder vil få to virkninger.
Equally, the Commission is well aware that the imposition of high fines will have two effects.
Det vil først og fremmest få nogle virksomheder til at opgive de bestående karteller og afskrække andre fra at danne nye.
Most importantly, it will convince some companies to abandon existing cartels and deter others from setting up new ones.
Men det vil også få de virksomheder, der fortsat indlader sig på denne praksis, til at bestræbe sig yderligere for at undgå afsløring.
However, it will also lead those who continue to engage in such practices to make even greater efforts to avoid detection.
Med den stadig større udbredelse af edb bliver det mere og mere kompliceret at afsløre karteller.
With the ever-increasing use of computers, the detection of cartels is becoming more and more complicated.
Erfaringerne i 1994 viser dog, at Kommissionens nuværende kontrolbeføjelser gør det muligt at afsløre karteller - og Kommissionen må sikre, at dette fortsat vil være tilfældet.
Experience in 1994 has shown, however, that the powers of inspection available to the Commission make detection possible, and the Commission must ensure that this will remain the case.
På denne baggrund og for yderligere at udvide Kommissionens virksomhed på dette område, blev det i 1994 besluttet at oprette et særligt kartelkontor, der udelukkende skal have til opgave at afsløre kartel ler og udarbejde beslutninger om forbud og bøder.
In order to meet these challenges, and to increase further the Commission's activity in this area, it was decided in 1994 to set up a specialized cartel unit whose sole task will be the detection of cartels and the preparation of decisions lead ing to their prohibition and fining.
Direktorat B, C og D, i Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence vil også fortsætte deres arbejde aktivt på dette område.
Directorates B, C and D of the Directorate-General for Competition (DG IV) will also continue to deal actively with such matters.
Kom missionens formål med at oprette det nye kontor er derfor at udvide sin kartelvirksomhed og at fortsætte med at udvikle og forbedre sine muligheder for afsløring og retsforfølgning.
The Com mission's intention in establishing this new unit is, therefore, to increase its cartel activity and to continue to develop and refine its detection and prosecution skills.
På baggrund af klager fra britiske og franske aftagere af karton aflagde Kommissionen 16 forskellige, men samtidige, uanmeldte kontrolbesøg, der involverede over 40 inspektører, som optrådte i hold bestående af tjenestemænd fra GD IV og inspektører fra medlemsstaterne.
Following complaints from British and French trade associations of purchasers of cartonboard, the Commission carried out 16 different but simultaneous surprise inspections involving over 40 inspectors, made up of joint teams of DG IV officials and inspectors from the Member States.
Disse kontrolbesøg samt en række yderligere oplysninger, som Kom missionen modtog som svar på flere skrivelser, bekræftede, at 19 virksomheder havde dannet et kartel, der omfattede hele den europæiske kartonsektor.
These inspections, together with further information received in reply to numerous letters, confirmed the operation of a cartel involving 19 companies covering the whole of the European cartonboard sector.
Kartellet bestod i, at der med mellemrum blev aftalt »prisiniti-
The cartel consisted of agreeing periodic 'price initiatives' (concerted increases) to which all producers
Når Kommissionen skal behandle vidtrækkende samarbejdsaftaler mellem konkurrenter inden for transportsektoren, står den over for ganske særlige problemer.
Particular issues arise for the Commission when dealing with wideranging collaboration agreements between competitors in the transport sector.
Det er vigtigt for borgerne, at EU har et integreret og effektivt transportnet.
It is important for EU citizens that the Community has an integrated and efficient transport network.
Det er desuden vigtigt, at de transeuropæiske net udbygges hurtigt og effektivt.
It is equally important that transEuropean networks are developed quickly and effectively.
Disse to højtprioriterede forhold betyder, at samarbejdet mellem transportvirksomheder i mange tilfælde ikke blot er gavnligt, men også væsentligt, og at Kommissionen derfor generelt ser positivt på sådanne aftaler.
These two priorities mean that in many cases such collaboration between transport companies is not only beneficial but also essential, and the Community therefore generally takes a positive approach to such agreements.
Dette afspejles i dens behandling af de konkrete sager, hvor der meddeles fritagelser til aftaler, som medfører betydelige konkurrencebegrænsninger, hvis de er nødvendige for, at konkurrenterne kan yde offentligheden en integreret og effektiv service.
This policy stance is reflected in the treatment of individual cases, where exemptions are granted to agreements that give rise to important restrictions of competition if they are necessary to enable competitors to provide the public with an integrated and efficient service.
Desuden fastsatte de største producenter i fælles skab deres respektive markedsandele; de kunne nemlig alle indse, at aggressive for søg på at vinde markedsandele ville under minere prisinitiativerne, der fandt sted hver sjette måned.
adhered. Furthermore, the main producers also reached a consensus on their respective market shares: they all realized that aggressive attempts to gain market share would undermine the price initiatives which took place every six months.
Som følge af kartellet steg listepriserne med gennemsnitlig 26 % i faste priser fra 1988 til midten af 1991.
As a result of the cartel, list prices increased by an average of 26% in real terms between 1988 and mid1991.
Der blev opkrævet bøder på i alt 132 mio. ECU, og ved fastsættelse af bødernes størrelse tog Kommissionen særlig hensyn til, at en række virksomheder havde samarbejdet med Kommissionen.
Fines totalling ECU 132 million were imposed. In setting the fines, the Com mission took particular account of the fact that a number of companies cooperated with the Commission.
På et tidligt undersøgelsesstadium udleverede to virksomheder frivilligt oplysninger og dokumenter, der var vigtige for Kommissionen og fik til gengæld bøden reduceret betydeligt i forhold til, hvad de ellers skulle have betalt.
Two companies voluntarily provided information and documents which were important to the Commission's case at an early stage in the investigation, and received a very substantial reduction in the fine that would otherwise have been imposed.
Virksomheder, der ikke benægtede de af Kommissionen fremførte forhold, blev tilgodeset med mindre - men dog fortsat betydelige - bødereduktioner. duktioner.
Smaller - yet still substantial -reductions were given to companies which did not initially contest the essential facts of the Commission's case but did so only at a later stage in the proceedings.
Det er dog vigtigt at bemærke, at Kommissionen i forbindelse med sin undersøgelse af sådanne sager er meget omhyggelig med at sikre, at de enkelte aftaler ikke giver virk somhederne mulighed for at udelukke konkurrencen for en væsentlig del af de pågældende varer.
However, it is important to note that, when examining such matters, the Commission is very careful to ensure that each agreement does not afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantial part of the products in question.
Kommissionen tolererer derfor ikke aftaler inden for skibsfarten, der tager sigte på at udelukke konkurrencen mellem konferencemedlemmer og udenforstående -hvilket effektivt udelukker al form for konkurrence på en given rute.
Thus, the Commission will not tolerate agreements in the shipping industry that aim to exclude competition between conference members and outsiders, thus effectively eliminating all competition on any given route.
Den er heller ikke indstillet på at godkende samarbejdsaftaler inden for andre transportgrene - såsom luftfarten - som effektivt udelukker den aktive konkurrence på en given rute.
Nor will it be prepared to approve collaboration agreements in other transport sectors, such as the air transport industry, which effectively exclude active competition on a given route.
I november pålagde Kommissionen ved en beslutning 23 cementproducenter, 8 nationale cementsammenslutninger og den europæiske cementforening en samlet bøde på 248 mio. ECU.
In November the Commission adopted a decision imposing a total fine of ECU 248 million on 23 cement producers, eight national cement associations and the European Cement Association.
Efter en lang række samtidige, uanmeldte kontrolbesøg i EU afslørede Kommissionen et »hjemmemarkedskartel« med EU-dækkende virksomhed.
Following a large number of simultaneous surprise inspections throughout the Community, the Commission discovered a 'home market' cartel operating throughout the European Union.
Kartellet gik i store træk ud på, at virksomhederne -via deres nationale cementsammenslutning -aftalte ikke at sælge cement på hinandens hjemmemarkeder.
In essence, the companies agreed - via their national cement association - not to sell in one another's home market.
For at kartellet kunne fungere blev der i vid udstrækning udvekslet oplysninger, som normalt ville blive betragtet som forretningshemmeligheder.
A widespread exchange of information that would normal ly be considered company confidential took place to enable the cartel to function.
Denne praksis, der udelukkende havde til formål at begrænse konkurrencen mellem virksomheder fra forskellige medlemsstater, skadede EU's grundlæggende mål ned etableringen af det indre marked, og det kan derfor ikke virke overraskende, at de samlede bøder pålagt i denne sag, var de hidtil højeste.
Such practices, which have the sole objective of limiting competition between companies from the different Member States, frustrates the fundamental EU aim of the creation of the single market, and it should be no surprise, therefore, that the total amount of fines imposed in this case was the highest to date.
Sidstnævnte forhold forklarer også Kommissionens strenge holdning til konferenceaftaler, der strækker sig videre end gruppefritagelsesforordning (EØF) nr. 4056/86.
This latter approach also explains the Com mission's strict attitude towards conference agreements that go further than block exemption Council Regulation (EEC) No 4056/86.
Denne forordning tillader i forvejen virksomheder ne at slutte sig sammen og tilbyde en service til ensartede priser, så det er ikke overraskende, at Kommissionen er tilbageholdende med at godkende samarbejdsaftaler, der går videre end forordningen.
This Regulation already allows companies to group together and offer, de facto, a service at uniform prices, so it is not surprising that the Commission is reluctant to approve collaboration that is wider in
Den transatlantiske aftale (TAA), der blev indgået mellem 16 linjerederier, vedrører transport af containergods mellem Nord europa og USA, hvor TAA-parterne havde en markedsandel på ca. 70 %.
The Trans-Atlantic Agreement (TAA), concluded between 16 liner shipping companies, concerns the transport of containerized cargo between Northern Europe and the United States of America, a market in which the TAA parties enjoyed a market share of some 70%.
også omfattede landtransport.
The Far Eastern Freight Conference instituted rules enabling members to fix prices for door-to-door services, thus also including the transport of goods by land.
Linjekonferencer behandles positivt efter konkurrence reglerne, fordi de giver medlemmerne mulighed for at tilbyde en serviceydelse, der er til gavn for kunderne.
Liner conferences receive favourable treat ment under the competition rules because they enable the members to offer a service which is of benefit to consumers.
Aftalen medførte ingen fælles landtransport, der kunne være til gavn for kunderne.
The agreement failed to provide any joint inland activity which could produce benefits to consu mers.
Den blev derfor for budt, og hvert selskab blev pålagt en symbolsk bøde på 10 000 ECU.
The agreement was therefore prohibited, and symbolic fines of ECU 10 000 per company were imposed.
Aftaler, der forhindrer parallelimport
Agreements preventing parallel trade
Efter at have modtaget et hidtil uset antal klager, konstaterede Kommissionen, at en del af aftaleparternes praksis var i strid med konkurrencereglerne.
Community competition policy has always recognized that a vital part of many distribution or licensing systems is the allocation of exclusive territories to distributors or licensees, and generally accepts not only exclusivity clauses in such agreements, but also obligations on the distributor or licensee not to advertise or otherwise actively solicit customers outside its allotted territory.
Den faldt ikke ind under gruppefritagelsen for linjekonferencer, og der kunne heller ikke meddeles individuel fritagelse.
How ever, the Commission and the European Courts have consistently maintained that agreements restricting parallel trade - preventing distributors from selling to third parties who wish to export the produce to another Member State - are illegal and will attract high fines.
De aspekter ved TAA, som Kommissionen var imod, var en toleddet fragtratestruktur, en aftale om begrænsning af kapacitetsudnyttelsen samt fastsættelse af fragtrater for landtransport.
Such agreements, which have the effect of resealing borders that have been opened by the single market programme, prevent citizens living in countries where prices are high from benefiting from low price imports.
Den toleddede fragtratestruktur giver konferencen mulighed for at optage rederier, der ønsker at opkræve lavere fragtrater end konferencemedlemmerne, og som efter normale konferenceaftaler ville stå uden for konferencen eller konkurrere med den.
In 1994, the Commission adopted a decision in one such case, in which a tennis ball producer (Tretorn) prohibited its exclusive distributors from selling for export, and took a number of measures to ensure that this obligation was complied with.
Det har aldrig været tilladt efter fællesskabsretten at begrænse kapacitetsudnyttelsen, specielt når det sker i forbindelse med prisfastsættelse.
Tretorn was fined ECU 600 000, and its distributors were each fined ECU 10 000.
Ifølge aftalerne om begrænsning af kapacitetsudnyttelsen anvender alle konferencens medlemmer kun en bestemt maksimal procentdel af den kapacitet, der er ledig i forbindelse med en bestemt sejlads.
Following an unprecedented number of complaints, the Commission found that a number of the practices engaged in by the parties to the Agreement infringed the com petition rules.
Det er billige re at tage skibene ud af drift, og dette giver også besparelser for kunderne, men det giver rederierne færre indtægter.
They neither fell within the scope of the block exemption on liner conferences, nor merited individual exemption.
TAA-beslutning-en gør det klart, at gruppefritagelsen for linjekonferencer tillader midlertidige tilpasninger i den fysiske kapacitet (når skibe tages midlertidigt ud af drift), men ikke aftaler om begrænsninger af kapacitetsudnyttelsen. sen.
The aspects of the TAA to which the Com mission objected were a two-tier price structure, the agreement on non-utilization of capacity and inland rate fixing.
Kommissionen og de europæiske Domstole har imidlertid konsekvent fastholdt, at aftaler, der begrænser parallelimport - ved at forhindre distributører i at sælge til tredjeparter, som ønsker at eksportere varen til en anden med lemsstat - er ulovlige og medfører store bøder.
The two-tier pricing system enabled the conference to include within its structure companies that wish to charge lower prices than the conference members, and which would, in normal conference arrangements, be the main 'outsiders' or competitors of the conference.
Sådanne aftaler, der lukker de grænser, der blev åbnet ved programmet for det indre marked, forhindrer borgerne i de lande, hvor priserne er høje, i at få fordele af billige importvarer.
The non-utilization of capacity has never been permitted under Community law, especially in conjunction with price-fixing.
I 1994 traf Kommissionen beslutning i en sådan sag, hvor en ten nisboldproducent forhindrede sine eneforhandlere i at sælge til eksport og traf en række forholdsregler for at sikre, at denne forpligtelse blev respekteret.
Agreements on the non-utilization of capacity provide that all members of the conference only use a certain maximum percentage of available capacity for any given sailing.
Tretorn blev pålagt en bøde på 600 000 ECU og forhandlerne en bøde på hver 10 000 ECU.
Removing vessels from service is cheaper, and provides savings for customers, but generates less income for the shipping companies.
Aftaler og adfærd, der forhindrer eller begrænser konkurrenters adgang til markedet
The TAA decision makes clear that the block exemption for liner conferences permits temporary adjustments in the amount of physical capacity made available (taking vessels temporarily out of service), but not capacity non-utilization agreements.
GD IV og De Forenede Staters justitsministerium planlagde i den efterfølgende periode en koordineret indsats.
A number of contacts between DG IV and the DoJ then followed in which a coordinated approach to the case was prepared.
Denne fælles for anstaltning blev ikke truffet i henhold til samarbejdsaftalen fra 1991 mellem Europa-Kommissionen og De Forenede Staters regering, da denne aftale ikke giver mulighed for en så omfattende informationsudveksling, medmindre de pågældende virksomheder giver deres samtykke hertil.
This joint action was not taken in accordance with the 1991 Co operation Agreement between the European Commission and the US Government, as this Agreement does not permit such wideranging information exchange in the absence of the authorization of the companies concerned.
reglerne er at sikre, at virksomhederne ikke indgår aftaler eller, når de har en dominerende stilling, udviser en ensidig adfærd, som har til følge at begrænse andre virksomheders muligheder for at konkurrere - normalt virksomheder fra andre medlemsstater, der udnytter de muligheder, som det indre marked giver.
One of the Commission's main tasks in enforcing competition rules is to ensure that companies do not conclude agreements or, where they hold a dominant position, engage in unilateral practices, which have the effect of limiting the ability of other firms - usually those from other Member States taking advantage of the possibilities offered by the single market - to compete.
I henhold til artikel 85 kan sådan ne aftaler typisk bestå i netværk af forhandleraftaler, hvorved nogle producenter binder alle disponible forhandlere til sig.
Under Article 85, such agreements may typically consist of networks of distribution agreements where by incumbent producers tie up all available distributors.
I henhold til artikel 86 kan en dominerende virksomhed f.eks. forsøge at hindre sine kunder i at benytte forskellige leverandører ved hjælp af loyalitetsrabatter eller forsøge at eliminere en eksisterende konkurrent ved hjælp af underbydende prissætning (»predatory pricing«).
Under Article 86, a dominant firm may, for example, attempt to prevent its customers from using different suppliers by means of loyalty rebates, or attempt to remove an existing competitor by predatory pricing.
I 1994 behandledes to vigtige sager i henhold til artikel 86 og en sag, Carlsberg-Interbrew, i henhold til både artikel 85 og 86.
In 1994, two cases of particular importance were dealt with under Article 86, and one case, Carlsberg/Interbrew, was dealt with under both Articles 85 and 86.
Mens Kommissionen var ved at udarbejde klagepunkter, tilkendegav Microsoft, at selskabet ønskede at opnå en aftale med myndighederne.
While the Commission was preparing a statement of objections, Microsoft indicated its willingness to reach a settlement with the authorities concerned.
Kommissionen og De Forenede Staters justitsministerium blev enige om at forhandle i fællesskab, hvorefter der blev afholdt trilaterale møder i Bruxelles og Washington DC.
The Commission and the Department of Justice agreed to negotiate jointly with Microsoft, and talks were held both in Brussels and Washington DC.
Resultatet heraf blev, at Micro soft afgav et tilsagn over for Kommissionen og de amerikanske myndigheder.
These resulted in an undertaking from Microsoft to the Commission and the US authorities.
I tilsagnet forpligter Microsoft sig til ikke at indgå licensaftaler af mere end et års varighed, ikke at pålægge licenshaverne minimumsforpligtelser og ikke at indgå aftaler af samme type som aftalerne om licens pr. processor.
The undertaking obtained by the Commission provides that Microsoft will not enter into licence contracts with a duration of more than one year, will not impose minimum commitments on licensees and will not use per-processor licences.
Det er kun tilladt at indgå aftaler om licens pr. system, hvis det tydeligt fremgår, at licenshaverne frit kan købe produkter, der ikke stammer fra Microsoft. Formålet med tilsagnet er at åbne markedet for operativsystemsoftware for konkurrence fra eksisterende og potentielle leverandører.
Persystem licences will be allowed only if licensees are clearly given the freedom to purchase non-Microsoft products.
På baggrund af en klage fra en software-producent undersøgte Kommissionen, om Microsoft havde misbrugt en påstået dominerende stilling på markedet for operativsystemsoftware til PC'er ved at benytte soft ware-licensaftaler, der havde til følge at ude lukke konkurrenter.
Following a complaint from a software manufacturer, the Commission investigated whether Microsoft had abused an alleged dominant position in the market for PC operating systems by adopting software licensing arrangements which had the effect of excluding competitors.
Efter at have undersøgt klagen mente Kommissionen, at brugen af licens »pr. processor« og »pr. system« (dvs. bestemmelser, hvorefter en PC-producent skal betale royalty for alle computere, uanset om de pågældende computere leveres med fabriksinstallerede Microsoft-software eller ej), varigheden af Microsofts licensaftaler og brugen af »minimumsforpligtelser« i disse aftaler kunne udelukke konkurrenter fra det europæiske marked for operativsystemsoftware til PC'er.
After investigating the complaint, the Commission was concerned that the use of 'per-processor' and 'per-system' licences (i.e. clauses requiring payment of a royalty on every computer produced by a PC manufacturer regardless of the actual number of computers sold with pre-installed Microsoft software), the duration of Microsoft's licence contracts and the use of 'minimum commitments' in these contracts had the effect of foreclosing the European market for such software.
De Forenede Staters konkurrencemyndigheder var på samme tidspunkt i færd med at foretage en tilsvarende undersøgelse.
At the same time the United States antitrust authorities were investigating similar concerns.
I denne forbindelse gav Microsoft Kommissionen og De Forenede Staters justitsministerium tilladelse til at udveksle oplysninger, idet selskabet over for begge myndigheder gav afkald på sin ret til en fortrolig behandling af alle oplysninger.
Microsoft consented to the exchange of information between the Commission and
På baggrund af en klage iværksatte Kom missionen en undersøgelse, der viste, at Deutsche Bahn (DB) over for virksomheder, der benyttede tyske havne, anvendte lavere takster for samme jernbanetjenester end over for virksomheder, der benyttede belgiske eller nederlandske havne.
Following investigations based on a com plaint, the Commission discovered that Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) charged companies using German ports less for equivalent rail services than those using Belgian or Dutch ports.
Undersøgelsen viste også, at DB havde en dominerende stilling (som monopolist for udbud af jernbaneydelser i Tyskland) og havde misbrugt denne stilling ved prisdiskrimination.
It was also concluded that DB held a dominant position (as the monopoly provider of rail services in Germany) and had abused this position through its discriminatory policy.