natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Der er dog stadig en række spørgsmål, som endnu ikke er løst, bl.a. skal garanti- og servicebetingelserne forbedres, og betalinger på tværs af grænserne skal gøres mere gen nemsigtige.
There are still out standing issues, however, including improved guarantee and after-sales service conditions and increasing trans parency in cross-border payments.
Der ligger også andre udfordringer forude: Spørgsmålet om forbrugernes rettigheder i forbindelse med såkaldt universelle tjenester (såsom vand- og elforsyning og adgang til sundhedsvæsenet og offentlig transport) og det enorme område, der kaldes informationssamfundet; disse to emner står derfor øverst på listen over de vigtigste områder for EU's for brugerpolitik i de næste tre år.
Other challenges also lie ahead: the question of consumer rights in relation to socalled universal services (such as water and electricity supply, and access to health and transport services) and also in the vast domain called the 'Information society', therefore figure among the priorities for EU consumer policy in the coming three years.
SPØRGSMÅL OG SVAR HVAD GØR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION FOR AT FÅ DET INDRE MARKED TIL AT FUNGERE?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS HOW IS THE EUROPEAN UNION RUNNING THE SINGLE MARKET?
Måske onsker De at vide, hvilke praktiske fordele EU frembyder for Dem personligt.
Likewise, you may want to know how the EU benefits you directly, in practical terms.
Kontor i Danmark *)
Tel. (202) 862 95 00
Denne brochure udgives på følgende fællesskabssprog: dansk, tysk, græsk, engelsk, fransk, italiensk, nederlandsk og svensk.
This publication appears in the following official Community languages — Danish, German, Greek, English, French, Italian, Dutch and Swedish.
Manuskript afsluttet i juni 1996
Manuscript completed in June 1996
Omslag: »Euroen ved indgangen til det 21. århundrede« af Muriel Otelli, Paris Tegninger af Marten Wolterink, Rijswijk, Nederlandene Manuskript: Charles Pawnell, London
Cover: 'The Euro at the horizon of the coming millenium' by Muriel Otelli, Paris Cartoons: Marten Wolterink, Rijswijk, the Netherlands Manuscript: Charles Pawnell, London and '7 jours Europe', Paris Publisher: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996
Bibliografiske data findes bagest i denne publikation.
ISBN 92-827-8132-1 Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication
© EKSF-EF-EAEF, Bruxelles · Luxembourg, 1996 Eftertryk tilladt med kildeangivelse, dog ikke til kommercielle formål
© ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1996 Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged
Udirykkene »Det Europæiske Fælles skab« og »Den
'European Community' and 'European Union'
Europæiske Union« anvendes i denne
When will the 'Euro' be in our pockets?
Hvor bor de lande, der gerne vil med i euroen, sætte mest ind for at opfylde disse krav?
In what areas do the countries wishing to join the Euro need to step up their efforts in order to fulfil the criteria?
De har et andet juridisk grundlag i Den Europæiske Union.
How will the Euro coexist with the currencies of Member States that do not initially adopt the single currency?
Hvad er fordelene ved en fælles valuta? Hvordan vil euroen kunne trives side om side med de nationale valutaer i de lande, der ikke går med fra starten?
How will the public be informed about the single currency?
Hvordan bliver de europæiske borgere informeret om den fælles valuta?
They have a different legal framework under the 'roof'of the European Union.
U står for mange forskellige ting.
Others, however, talk of its political impotency.
For andre er det ensbetydende med politisk impotens, for hvis der er tale om en politisk uni­on, hvorfor har det så ikke været muligt at gribe effektivt ind i det tidligere Jugoslavien?
Why, they wonder, as a supposed political union, has it not been able to intervene effectively in the former Yugoslavia?
Atter andre tænker på EU som et indre marked, hvor stu­derende, pensionister og ferierejsende kan udnytte de mange muligheder, og erhvervsdrivende kan tjene penge.
For many the EU is primarily about the single market and the opportunities and benefits this presents to businesses, students, pensioners and holidaymakers.
De ser tilbage og spørger, om EU's nuværende aktiviteter svarer til de forhåbninger, grund­læggerne nærede, eller om deres visioner er gået tabt i et Europa i opbrud efter den kolde krig.
They look back and ask whether the EU's current responsibilities really are fulfilling the visions of its founders, or whether those visions have themselves become lost in the ambiguities of post cold-war Europe?
Man kan med nogen rimelighed stille følgende spørgsmål: Hvilket præ­cist formål skal EU tjene nu?
A fair question would be: What exactly is the EU for now?
Hver dag modtager EU's institutioner strømme af fore­spørgsler fra borgere, der ønsker fyldestgørende svar på mange af den slags spørgsmål.
The EU's institutions are inundated daily with enquiries by people hoping to get to the root of many such questions.
Formålet med denne bro­chure, som er en del af en serie, er at give korte og præ­cise svar på de spørgsmål, der oftest bliver stillet.
This booklet, in a series of several, seeks to give brief but concise answers to the most frequent of these questions.
Hvornår bliver euroen gangbar mønt?
When will the Turo' be in our pockets?
fælles valuta skulle hedde »euro«, og de opstillede en fast køreplan for dens indførelse.
At the European Council meeting in Madrid on 15 and 16 December 1995 the Heads of State or Government of the Fifteen decided to call the single currency the 'Euro' and adopted a definitive scenario for introducing it.
Den nye fælles valuta skal indføres den 1. januar 1999 i de lan­de, som opfylder de betingelser, der er fastsat i Maastrichttraktaten (se nær­mere herom nedenfor).
The changeover to the Euro will there fore begin on 1 January 1999 for those countries which meet the necessary conditions laid down in the Maastricht Treaty (see box below).
At der skal indføres en fælles valuta, blev fastsat i traktaten om Den Europæiske Union, som stats- og rege­ringscheferne undertegnede i Maas­tricht i februar 1 992.
The decision to adopt the single currency forms an integral part of the Treaty on European Union signed by the Member States in Maastricht in February 1992.
To lande — nem­lig Storbritannien og Danmark — har i en særlig protokol fået mulighed for kun at indføre den fælles valuta, hvis de selv ønsker det.
Protocols attached to the Treaty will allow two countries, the United Kingdom and Denmark, to stay out of the single currency when the time comes, should they prefer.
Indforeisen af en fælles valuta forudsætter konvergens i EU-landenes økonomier. Der er opstillet fire konvergenskrav:
If they are to join the Euro, the Member States must bring their economies closer together (this is known as achieving 'convergence').
— landene må ikke have for store offentlige underskud.
• Member States must avoid excessive government deficits.
Der er fastsat to græn­ser— det årlige offentlige underskud må ikke overstige 3% af BNP, og den offentlige gæld må ikke overstige 60% af BNP
Their performance is measured against two reference ratios: 3% of GDP for the annual deficit and 60% of GDP for the stock of government debt;
— inflationen må ikke ligge mere end 1,5 procentpoint over inflationen i de tre EU-lande, der har haft den laveste inflationsrate i det forløbne år
• inflation should not exceed by more than 1.5 percentage points that of the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability in the previous year;
— landets valuta skal i mindst to år have holdt sig inden for det normale EMS-bånd
• the country's currency must have remained within the normal fluctuation margins of the European Monetary System (EMS) for at least two years;
— de lange rentesatser må ikke ligge mere end 2 procentpoint over gennemsnitsrenten i de tre EU-lande, der har den laveste rente.
• long-term interest rates should not exceed by more than 2 percentage points the average of the three Member States with the lowest rates in the Union.
Hvornår vil de europæiske borgere kunne bruge euroen?
When will I actually have Euro notes and coins in my pocket?
For fra den dato vil der være eurosedler og euromønter i omløb, sideløbende med landets hidtidige monter og sedler.
This is when notes and coins denominated in Euros will begin to circulate alongside notes and coins in national currency.
Og senest den 1. juli 2002 vil euroen helt have erstattet de nationale valutaer i de lande, der er med i den fælles valuta.
As well as this, by 1 July 2002 at the latest, the national currencies of the participating countries will be completely replaced by the Euro.
Derefter vil landets hidtidige mønter og sedler gra­tis kunne omveksles i landets central­bank.
After that date, it will still be possible to exchange national notes and coins free of charge at the national central banks, and savers will not lose out as a result of the changeover.
Der er altså ingen risiko for at komme til at stå med værdiløse kro­ner, som man ikke kan bruge til noget.
There is no risk, then, of finding yourself one day stuck with notes and coins that you cannot get rid of because they are no longer legal tender.
sedlerne vil der være en lille rubrik, hvor udstederlandet vil fremgå.
Euro notes will be more or less the same in all countries taking part in the single currency; they will have a small space on one side where the is suing country can be identified.
Det Europæiske Monetære Institut (EMI) i Frankfurt lancerede i februar 1996 en designkonkurrence, hvor designerne kan vælge mellem to muligheder — enten et motiv, der illustrerer en bestemt periode eller udvikling i den europæiske historie (f.eks. et portræt på den ene side og et monument på den anden), eller en helt abstrakt eller moderne figur.
In February the Frankfurt-based Euro pean Monetary Institute (EMI) opened a design competition for Euro nótese Designers can choose between either a design illustrating changing periods and styles in the course of European history (e.g. a portrait of a famous figure on the front and a monument on the back) or a purely abstract or contemporary design.
Der bliver eurosedler på 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 og 500 euroer.
Notes will be is sued in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 Euros.
Og hvornår bliver det bestemt?
What does economic and monetary union mean?
Disse ting vil i overensstem­melse med nærhedsprincippet fortsat blive afgjort på nationalt plan alt efter landenes behov og prioriteringer.
The Fifteen agreed on 1 3 April that the Euro would be divided into a hundred 'cents'.
Beslutningen skal træffes af de 15 stats­ og regeringschefer.
Who will decide on the list of countries taking part, and when?
På topmødet i Madrid i december 1995 blev det vedtaget, at de »tidligst muligt i løbet af 1998« skal træffe afgørelse om, »hvilke lande der opfylder de nødven­dige betingelser« for at deltage i mønt­unionen allerede fra den 1. januar 1999.
Economic and monetary union (EMU) means a single monetary policy within a single economic market, and is therefore the logical complement to the single market. The EMU will be run by a European Central Bank inde­pendent of national governments and Community institutions.
Beslutningen skal træffes på basis af de økonomiske tal for 1996 og 1997, efter undersøgelser foretaget af Europa­Kommissionen og Det Euro­pæiske Monetære Institut.
This does not mean that EMU presumes political union; common decisions on overall levels of taxation would not be required, for instance, neither would decisions regarding the balance of taxation, such as between direct and indirect taxation, or between capital and labour.
Hvad indebærer en Økonomisk og Monetær Union?
These will continue to be set according to national needs and priorities, in line with the principle of subsidiarity.
En Økonomisk og Monetær Union (ØMU) betyder, at man har en fælles monetær politik inden for et fælles økonomisk marked. Derfor er den et logisk supplement til det indre mar­ked.
As agreed at the Madrid European Council in December 1995, it is the Heads of State or Government of the Fifteen who will decide, 'as early as possible in 1998 which Member States fulfil the necessary conditions' for taking part in monetary union on 1 January 1999.
ØMU'en vil blive administreret af en europæisk centralbank, der er uaf­hængig af de nationale regeringer og af fællesskabsinstitutionerne. Dette betyder ikke, at ØMU'en forudsætter
The decision will be taken on the basis of economic data for 1996 and 1997, after examination by the European Commission and the European Monetary Institute.
Er de konvergenskrav, de deltagende lande skal opfylde, ikke for skrappe?
the participating Member States will denominate their new public debt issues in Euros; financial markets will follow suit and use the Euro, which will thus immediately take its place in the international monetary system.
Den 1. januar 1999 starter indførelsen af den fælles valuta for de lande, der opfylder de i traktaten fastsatte kon­vergenskriterier.
1 January 1999 will mark the begin­ning of the process of introducing the single currency in those countries which meet the convergence criteria laid down in the Treaty.
Der bliver helt kon­kret tale om følgende:
In practical terms, the following arrangements will come into effect:
Den indsats, der skal gøres fra nu af og frem til 1997, er således ikke større end den, der er gjort indtil nu.
• the conversion rates of the partici­pating currencies (both among themselves and against the Euro) will be irrevocably fixed;
— Den fælles pengepolitik fastlægges og iværksættes af Det Europæiske Centralbanksystem (ECBS), der består af de deltagende landes cen­tralbanker og Den Europæiske Centralbank (ECB), som oprettes i 1998.
• a single monetary policy will be framed and implemented by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), composed of the central banks of the participating countries and the European Central Bank (ECB), to be set up in 1998.
Penge­ og valutatransaktio­ner gennemføres i euro.
The ESCB will conduct its monetary and foreign­exchange operations in Euros;
— Finansmarkederne vil følge trop og anvende euroen, som derved omgående kommer til at indtage sin plads i det internationale valutasystem.
The effort that still has to be made between now and the end of 1997 is therefore on a par with what has been achieved over the previous two­year period.
Budgetkonvergens: Hvor står de enkelte lande?
Budgetary convergence on the road to the Euro: how much have Member States achieved so far?
Budgetunderskud: højst 3% af BNP mili ι«,..Ili li, Hi U l l
Government deficit: reference ratio 3% of GDP
Offentlig gæld: hejst 60% af BNP
Government debt: reference ratio 60% of GDP
OFFENTLIG GÆLD (i % af BNP)
GOVERNMENT DEBT ("A of GDP)
De enkelte etaper i euroens indførelse
Steps leading to the Euro
Den Europæiske Union træder i kraft.
1 July 1990 Stage one of economic and monetary union begins.
Anden ØMU-fase starter
Stage two of EMU begins.
1. juli 1990 Forste fase i gennemforeisen af Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union starter. Fuldstændig liberalisering af kapitalbevægelser i EU-landene (boriset fra midlertidige undtagelser)
15 and 16 December 1995 Madrid European Council • The name 'Euro' adopted for the single currency. • Technical scenario for introduction of the Euro and timetable for change over to the single currency in 1999 finalized (end of the process scheduled for 2002).
15. og 16. december 1995 Topmodet i Madrid • Det vedtages, at den nye fælles valuta skal hedde »euro«. • Koreplanen for ¡ndforelsen af euroen opstilles, og over­gangen til den fælles valuta fastsættes til 1999 (hele pro­cessen skal være afsluttet i år 2002).
By 31 December 1996 at the latest • The EMI to specify the regulatory, organizational and logistical framework for the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). • The Commission, Council and EMI to prepare the legislation on the ECB and ESCB and on the introduction of the single currency.
Fra 1. januar 1999 • ECBS fastlægger og gen­nemforer den fælles penge­politik i euro og foretager valutatransaktioner i euro. • Medlemsstaterne optager nye statslån i euro.
From 1 January 1999 • ESCB to frame and implement single monetary policy in Euros and conduct foreign exchange operations in Euros. • Member States to issue new public debt securities in Euros.
1. januar 1999 Tredje ØMU-fase starter • Rådet fastlåser kurserne på de deltagende landes valu­taer indbyrdes og i forhold til euroen. • Euroen bliver en regulær valuta, og den officielle ECU-kurv ophorer med al eksistere. • Rådets forordning om de retlige rammer omkring euroens indforelse træder i kraft.
1 January 1999 Stage three of EMU begins. • Council to fix irrevocably the conversion rates of the currencies of participating countries both among themselves and against the Euro. • The Euro is to become a currency in its own right and the official ecu basket will cease to exist. • Council regulation establishing the legal framework for introduction of the Euro is to enter into force.
31. maj 1995 Kommissionen udsender sin gronbog om den fælles valuta (med forslag til kore­plan for overgangen til den fælles valuta).
As early as possible in 1998 The Heads of State or Government to decide which Member States will be the first to take part in the single currency, on the basis of the convergence criteria and in the light of economic data for 1997.
• Der sættes ind på at ned­bringe de uforholdsmæssigt store underskud og skabe okonomisk konvergens i medlemsstaterne.
As soon as possible after that decision • Member States to appoint Executive Board of the ECB. • ECB and Council to set the date for introduction of Euro notes and coins. • ESCB to start issuing banknotes in Euros. • Council and Member States to start minting Euro coins.
Alle de deltagende lande er endegyldigt gået over til
The changeover to the Euro is complete in all the participating Member States.
Senest den 1.januar 2002 • ECBS sætter gradvis euro­sedler i omlob i stedet for de nationale pengesedler. • Medlemsstaterne sætter gradvis euromønter i omlob i stedet for de nationale monter.
1 January 2002 at the latest • ESCB gradually to put Euro notes into circulation and withdraw national banknotes. • Member States gradually to put Euro coins into circulation and withdraw national coins.
Processen fuldendes ...
The process comes to an end ...
Fra 1. januar 1999 til senest 1. januar 2002 • ECBS omveksler national valuta i forholdet 1:1 på grundlag af de uigenkalde­ligt fastlåste kurser. • ECBS og medlemsstater­nes myndigheder overvåger overgangen til den fælles valuta i bank- og finanssek­toren og hjælper erhvervsli­vet med at klare overgangen til den fælles valuta.
From 1 January 1999 to 1 January 2002 at the latest • ESCB to exchange at par value currencies with irrevocably fixed conversion rates. • ESCB and public authorities in Member States to monitor changeover developments in the banking and finance sectors and assist the whole of the economy to prepare for lhe changeover.
EU-landene har gjort reelle fremskridt mod bedre økonomisk konvergens, men de er endnu ikke nået langt nok, når det drejer sig om de offentlige underskud. Med hensyn til de øvrige konvergenskrav er der sket en kraftig bedring igennem de seneste år, navn­lig med hensyn til inflationen, som nu ligger på et rekordlavt niveau (3,1% for hele EU i 1995), og de lange ren­tesatser.
In what areas do the countries wishing to join the Euro need to step up their efforts in order to fulfil the criteria?
Vil en nedbringelse af de offent­lige underskud ikke gå ud over arbejdsløshedsbekæmpelsen?
Deficit reduction is the only possible option if we are to lay the foundations for healthy economic growth, which is the hecessary precondition for creating jobs and fighting unemployment in Europe.
Omvendt er ledigheden steget i de lande, der har oget deres underskud.
Member States have made real progress towards economic convergence, but government deficits are still running too high.
Og EU-landene har draget konklusio­nen heraf — i den europæiske be­skæftigelsesstrategi, der blev vedtaget på topmodet i Madrid, har nedbringel­sen af disse uforholdsmæssigt store underskud fået højeste prioritet.
The situation as regards the other convergence criteria has improved considerably in recent years, especially for inflation, which has hit record lows (3.1% for the Union as a whole in 1995), and for long-term interest rates.
En nedbringelse af de offentlige underskud er den eneste mulige vej fremad, når det drejer sig om at bane vej for en sund økonomisk vækst, som er forudsætningen for at få sat gang i beskæftigelsen og bekæmpe ledighe­
On the contrary, analysis of the economic performance of European countries over the last 25 years shows that unemployment falls — sometimes quite sharply — in countries which cut back their government deficits, as was the case, for example, in Denmark from 1982 to 1986 or as Ireland has clone over the last decade.
Betyder en fuldstændig Økono­misk og Monetær Union så, at det er slut med Danmarks ret til selv at bestemme sin egen øko­nomiske politik?
The 15 Member States of the Union have clearly understood this lesson: the European employment strategy agreed at the Madrid Euro pean Council ranks the reduction of excessive deficits as a top priority.
For det første betyder en fælles valuta, at rejsende ikke læn­gere behøver at veksle penge og tabe på det hver gang, således som det nu er tilfældet.
For one, a single currency means that travellers across the Community no longer have to change money, while losing money on every transaction, as is currently the case.
Ufordelagtige kurser og gebyrer til bankerne vil simpelthen forsvinde.
Exchange margins and commission fees paid to banks will simply disappear.
Især mindre virksomheder vil drage fordel af, at det bliver hurti­gere, sikrere og billigere at overføre penge mellem medlemsstaterne.
Small businesses in particular will benefit as payments and transfers between Member States end up being quicker and more reliable, as well as cheaper.
Ja, fordi de nationale regeringer har fundet det hensigts­mæssigt at afgive en del af kontrollen med deres okonomi for at opnå andre fordele. Det er det, der er sagen.
Yes, because in a very real sense national governments have seen fit to hand over some control of their own economies in order that other benefits may be accrued.
For forretningsfolk og forbrugere bety­der en fælles valuta også, at der ikke længere hersker usikkerhed om den pris, en vare sælges til.
Furthermore, if goods and services are priced in one and the same currency the competitive effect of the single market will be strengthened considerably, much to the Community's benefit as a whole.
Sådan som det er nu, kan pludselige kursændringer medføre, at en sælger på et par timer går glip af hele den fortjeneste, han havde regnet med.
In this way, the single currency will also help stimulate growth and employment.
Når medlemsstaterne går over til en fælles valuta, vil de få større indflydel­se på hinandens økonomiske politik og dermed også på hinandens ren­teændringer.
A move to a common currency will allow Member States to have greater in fluence over each others' economic policies, and therefore over each others' interest rate changes.
De små lande vil få meget mere at skulle have sagt, når det gælder de store landes økonomi, da hvert land får en stemme, når Den Europæiske Centralbank skal træffe afgørelse om den monetære politik.
Smaller countries will have a far greater say over the economies of larger countries in this way, as each country will have a single vote on decisions on monetary policy taken by the European Central Bank.
Hvis prisen på varer og tjenesteydelser er fastsat i den samme valuta, vil kon­kurrenceeffekten af det indre marked blive styrket betydeligt.
A move to a common currency will also mean that national governments will have greater influence over each others' economic policies, and therefore over each others' interest rate changes.
Og det vil være til gavn for hele Fællesskabet.
A single currency will be able to withstand, far more confidently, the pressures which have been put very visibly on separate national currencies by speculators.