natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Trods et usædvanligt år med sanering af de offentlige finanser og økonomisk opsving viser de officielle tal,at Italien langtfra har løst arbejdsløshedsproblemet.
This is also where ESF support for the Italian Government's labour policy comes in. Community funds must not be added to, but must be integrated with, local development programmes.
Hvilket bidrag har ESF ydet - og kan ESF yde i fremtiden - til udviklingen af menneskelige ressourcer og jobskabelse?
It is how these funds are put to use that will count in the future.
Hvor mange arbejdspladser mener De, der er eller vil blive oprettet ved hjælp af ESF-fi-nansiering?
This should be the basis for the new pro gramming which has to be increas- „ ingly focused on the integration of
Lisa Pavan-Woolfe tilføjer, at'der endvidere blev lanceret to nye operationelle programmer i 1997 for at fremme den erhvervsmæssige integration af arbejdsløse.
"Moreover," adds Ms Pavan-Woolfe, "two new ESF Operational Programmes were launched in 1997 to help integrate the unemployed into the labour market.These programmes place particular emphasis on local development, cultural heritage, and the transfer of best practice between Northern and Southern regions."
Det er aldrig let at give et sådant skøn.
ESF support with the var
Men jeg kan dog sige med sikkerhed, at ESF har ydet et væsentligt bidrag til erhvervsuddannelsen,
Interview with the Head of the ESF Mission, Ms. Annalisa Vittore
ESF-Nyt har talt med den italienske arbejdsminister Tiziano Treu.
ESF InfoReview asked Ms. Annalisa Vittore, Head of the ESF Mission, to give her views on the work of the ESF in Italy.
Den Europæiske Union har noteret sig Italiens fremskridt med hensyn til udnyttelse af EU's strukturfondstøtte.
ious national policy measures.The fundamental aim is to produce high-quality workers.
Kan De generelt forklare, hvad strukturfondmidlerne bruges til i Italien?
This is what the Treu Package', approved by the Italian Government, sets out to achieve.
Annalisa Vittore, chef for ESF-misslonen f.eks. gennem de for anstaltninger, jeg alle rede har nævnt.
Apprenticeship, traineeship, low-interest/low-security loans are all measures in which ESF funding is used.Thanks to the resources from the ESF 450 000 apprentices in Italy will have the opportunity to participate in external training.
ESF vil få endnu større be tydning, når der skal skabes nye beskæftigelsesmuligheder gelsesmuligheder gennem andre aktive politikker.
The midterm reprogramming exercise will make it possible to reallocate the resources of Objective 3 to other programmes targeting the young and the unemployed. ployed.
F.eks. er infrastrukturudgifterne meget lave (10%) ligesom tildelingerne til turisme og uddannelse af undervisere.
But our programmes vary considerably from region to region, which is quite normal because the situation in Italy is far from homogenous.
Har den italienske regering planer om at ændre fordelingen af fællesskabsmidler, og i såfald, hvorledes?
The regions of Central and Northern Italy are in line with the EU average, while those of Southern Italy are frequently in a critical situation.
Navnlig til infrastrukturer, en aktiv arbejdsmarkedspolitik, udvikling af menneskelige ressourcer og erhvervsuddannelse.
But we should not lose sight of the individual pro jects.
I dag koncentrerer vi os navnlig om at ud nytte de disponible bevillinger bedst muligt.
In the field, we have always worked on a case-by-case basis, paying attention to the actual social situation we have before us.
Et af vore seneste projekter har været at omorganisere uddannelsescentre og omdanne dem til uddannelseskontorer, som står bedre rustet til at opfylde arbejdsmarkedets skiftende behov.
Let me quote the example of the Solarium project in one of the worst areas of Palermo, where retired craftsmen teach their trade to young men and women who, despite their young age, already have a criminal record.
Den italienske regering har den vanskelige op gave at forene konkurrenceevne og et fleksibelt arbejdsmarked.
Those retired craftsmen win them back into society and snatch them from the clutches of the Mafia.
Kan De give mig nogle specifikke eksempler på ESF-programmernes bidrag til løsningen af denne og andre opgaver?
These young people from Palermo are among 650 000 workers who took part in our training schemes in 1997.This is the path we intend to follow."
Ja, vi har faktisk planer om at vurdere hver region for sig og undersøge mulighederne for at omfordele de disponible midler.
Some 80% of the programmes are administered by the regions, 20% of them by the Ministry of Labour and other institutions.
Vi vil også være mere opmærksomme på uddannelsen af "undervisere" og har taget særlig højde for dette aspekt, da vi omdannede vore uddannelsescentre.
In addition, there is overall monitoring of unemployment among young people, the problem of the longterm unemployed, the situation of women and all those who are part of the socially disadvantaged segment.
ESF har givet os mulighed for at gøre meget på uddannelsesområdet og har på afgørende vis bidraget til at forbedre lederes og ansattes evne til at tage vanskelige udfordringer op.
Our aim is to face up to Italy's employment challenges by adopting creative approaches.The low-interest/low-security loan, pro moted by the Agenzia per l'imprenditoria giovanile (Agency for business creation among young people) is one initiative supported by the ESF.
En af forudsætningerne for.at dette lykkes, er, at der sker en fortsat opdatering af viden og ledelsesfærdigheder.som er nødvendig i denne tid med globalisering af markeder og økonomier. SMV'erne i den nordøstlige del af landet er et godt eksempel.
This sp loan is given by the State to young people wishing set up a business.This has been highly suc cessful to date, with eight out of ten companies surviving on the market.
ESF fungerer også som en løftestang i bestræbelserne på at øge fleksibiliteten på arbejdsmarkedet.
There can be no development without train- if ing and, above all, without training it is impos- cy sible to bridge the gap between labour -i.
Et andet middel er de reviderede lærlingeordninger, som har været en indfaldsport for tusinder af unge.
We have therefore included training requirements in the Territorial Pacts, providing a consensual
ESF-Nyt har bedt Annalisa Vittore, chef for ESF's mission, om at give sit syn på ESF's arbejde i Italien.
Interview with the Italian Minister of Labour, MrTizianoTreu in recent years has had considerable support from the ESF, and the redesigned apprenticeship schemes which have provided a gateway for thousands of young people.
Men vi bør ikke tabe de individuelle projekter af syne.
ESF InfoReview spoke to the Italian Minister of Labour, MrTizianoTreu.
I marken har vi altid arbejdet på grundlag af konkrete sager og taget hensyn til den konkrete sociale situation, vi står over for. Lad mig nævne Solarium-projektet som eksempel.
The European Union has noted the progress made by Italy in absorbing EU Structural Fund support.
Det gennemføres i et af de værste områder i Palermo, hvor pensionerede håndværkere oplærer unge mænd og kvinder, som trods deres unge alder allerede har en plettet straffeattest.
Despite an exceptional year in cleaning up public finances and boosting the economy, the official figures show that Italy has made little headway in solving the unemployment problem.
Disse pensionerede håndværkere fører dem tilbage til samfundet og redder dem fra Mafiaens kløer.
What contribution has the ESF made - and could it make in future — to developing human resources and creating new jobs?
Disse unge fra Palermo er blandt de 650 000 arbejdstagere, som del tog i vore uddannelsesordninger i 1997.
In your opinion, how many jobs have, or will be created thanks to ESF funding?
"I Italien er målene for Den Europæiske Socialfond naturligvis tæt knyttet til Den Europæiske Unions principper. Men vore programmer varierer meget fra region til region, hvilket der ikke er noget usædvanligt i, da situationen i Italien er langt fra homogen.
It is never easy to give this kind of estimate.What we can say with certainty, however, is that the ESF has made a significant contribution to vocational training activities, for instance through the measures I have mentioned already.
De central- og norditalienske regioner er på højde med EU-gennemsnittet, mens regionerne i Syditalien ofte be finder sig i en kritisk situation.
Its role is set to increase still further in helping boost new employment opportunities through other active policies.
Herudover sker der en generel overvågning af arbejdsløsheden blandt unge, problemet med de langtidsledige, situationen for kvinder og for alle dem, der hører til de socialt dårligst stillede grupper.Vort mål er at løse Italiens arbejdsløshedsproblemer ved en kreativ indsats.
Our main concern at present is how to make optimal use of the funding available. One of our most recent undertakings has been to reorganise training centres, turning them into training agencies, which are better equipped to deal with the changing needs of the labour market.
De lavtforrentede lån uden større krav til sikkerhedsstillelse, som formidles af Agenzia per l'imprenditoria giovanile (kontoret for unge iværksættere), er et af de initiativer, der støttes af ESF.
We were particularly pleased to see that the Jobs Summit in Luxembourg called for more targeted use of ESF funding, focusing in particular on training schemes for young people and for people who lose their jobs later in life and need to acquire new skills to enable them to reenter the labour market.
Disse særlige lån ydes af staten til unge, som ønsker at starte en virksomhed.
Yoi ficult task of reconciling competitiveness and
Hidtil har de været en stor succes, idet otte af ti virksomheder har overlevet.Vi har også set, hvilken drivkraft uddannelse er.
The allocation of the Structural Funds among the various national programmes in Italy has brought to light a number of problems.
Ingen udvikling uden uddannelse og, hvad der er endnu vigtigere, ingen indsnævring af kløften mellem arbejdskraftudbud og -efterspørgsel uden uddannelse.
Expenditure on infrastructure, for example, is very weak ( 10%) as are the allocations for tourism and for the training of train ing personnel.
Det er også her, ESF's støtte til den italienske regerings arbejdsmarkedspolitik kommer ind i billedet.
Yes, we do have plans to evaluate region by region the room for manoeuvre for redistributing available resources.
Fællesskabets bevillinger må ikke komme oven i lokaludviklingsprogrammerne, men må integreres i disse.
This has been done to some extent already.
Det er måden, hvorpå disse midler anvendes, der vil tælle i fremtiden.
I am thinking here of unspent funds for specific projects which were reallocated to a road transport infrastructure project in "Salerno-Reggio Calabria", a major development initiative in the Italian Mezzogiorno.
Dette bør være udgangspunktet for den nye programmering, som i stadig højere grad skal fokuseres på integreringen af ESF's støtte i de forskel lige nationale foranstaltninger.
We also want to pay more attention to the training of "trainers" and we have paid specific attention to this aspect when redesigning our training centres.
Det grundlæggende mål er at skabe arbejdskraft af høj kvalitet.
The ESF has enabled us to do a great deal in the area of training and has made a vital contribution to enhancing the capacity of workers and management to meet difficult challenges for which a
Dette er målet for Treu-pakken' som er godkendt af den italienske regering.
MrTizianoTreu, Minister of Labour prerequisite is the continual updating of knowledge and managerial skills, indispensable in this era of globalisation of markets and the economy.The SMEs in the north-east of the country are a good example.
Lærlingeuddannelse, praktik, lavrentelån, og lån uden sikkerhed er alle foranstaltninger, som nyder godt af ESF's finansiering.Takket være ESF's be villinger vil 450 000 lærlinge i Italien få mulighed for at deltage i ekstern uddannelse.
The ESF also acts as a lever in promoting labour market flexibility.
Midtvejsomprogrammeringen vil gøre det muligt at reallokere mål 3-ressour-cer til andre programmer, der har unge og arbejdsløse som målgrupper.
It plays a crucial role in facilitating young people's access to companies, in particular through the combined work/training contract, which page 16 - ESF InfoReview n°5
Eksempler på projekter:
Project examples
Omskoling af Italiens metalarbejdere nødvendigt for at kontrollere, hvorledes affaldet var blevet behandlet og genbrugt.
Retraining Italy's metal workers from the Falck plant, he learned to weigh and compact 2 000 tonnes of waste a day, and to handle the administrative paperwork verifying how it had been treated and recycled.
Manlio har udtalt, at "det måske lyder vanvittigt, men der er ikke stor forskel på at producere stålstænger og behandle affald. Man skal bare lære, hvorledes man gør".
"It may seem absurd but there is no great difference between producing steel rods and processing waste.You just have to learn how to do it," he said.
"På fabrikken var jeg blevet forfremmet til sjakbajs, men det var pludselig ikke noget værd".
"In the factory, I had been promoted to shift foreman, but that was worth nothing now."
Det er folk som Manlio og andre i hans situation, man søger at støtte gen nem et ESF-finansieret initiativ, der er lanceret af den specialiserede uddannelsesvirksomhed Riconversider og det italienske Arbejdsministerium.
It is people like Manlio and others in his situation, that an ESF-funded initiative launched by the specialist training company Riconversider and the Italian Ministry of Labour, sets out to support.
Initiativets første store udfordring var, da I 857 arbejdere blev afskediget af tre store virksomheder i Norditalien, nemlig Falck Spa, Montello Spa og Ferrerò Spa.
The initiative faced its first major challenge when I 857 workers were made redundant by three large firms in Northern Italy: Falck Spa, Montello Spa, and Ferrerò Spa.
Dette var navnlig en katastrofe for ældre metalarbejdere med indtil 25 års erfaring med samlebånd og højovne.
This was particularly devastating for older metal workers with up to 25 years experience of assembly lines and blast furnaces.
Det lykkedes at opnå målet for ordningen, nemlig at omskole og finde arbejde til de fleste af de opsagte arbejdere.
The scheme managed to meet its goal of retraining and finding new jobs for most of the redundant workers.
"Vi ville ikke bare kassere den erfaring, de bragte med sig,men samtidig måtte vi give dem nye moderne kvalifikationer, som ville gøre dem til produktive medarbejdere i nye stillinger", har Ferdinando Pancaldi.som er leder af projektet, forklaret.
"We didn't want to discard the experience they brought with them, but at the same time we had to bring it up to date with modern skills which would make these workers productive in new positions," explained Ferdinando Pancaldi.in charge of the project.
Italiens jern- og stålindustri er særlig følsom over for konjunktursvingningerne, idet produktionen stiger og falder med markedsefterspørgslen.
"I have already visited a firm and attended a conference on foreign investment at which we contacted companies from Italy, China, Morocco and Ethiopia," said Majid Bekkous, a 25-year-old Moroccan student from Casablanca, one of the young trainees who will open up Italy's Emilia Romagna region to the global markets.The training program that prepares him for the task is an ESF-supported initiative carried out by COFIMRthe SME consortium in the region.
Konjunkturerne rammer også arbejdsmarkedet. Så snart efterspørgslen er tilfredsstillet gennem nye ansættelser,tvinges industrien til at skære ned igen.
The iron and steel industry in Italy is particularly prone to the economy's cyclical growth, with production rising and falling with market demand.The cycle also hits the labour market: as soon as demand has been met with new hirings, the industry is forced to cut back again.
Riconversider blev oprettet for at bryde med dette ritual og omskole de arbejdstagere i jern- og stålindustrien, som havde mistet deres arbejde under struktur omlægningen.
Riconversider was created to break this cycle and to retrain metal workers in the iron and steel industry who had lost their jobs during the restructuring process.
Riconversider blev oprettet af Federacciai, en sammenslutning af italienske jern- og stålvirksomheder, og af andre regionale institutioner som f.eks. det lokale finansieringskontor Finlombarda, Mediocredito Bank, provinsregeringerne i Milano, Bergamo og Brescia samt SMV-sammenslutningen i Lombardiet
It was founded by the Federacciai, a federation of Italian firms in the iron and steel industry, as well as other regional institutions such as local finance agency, Finlombarda, the Mediocredito Bank, the provincial governments of Milan, Bergamo and Brescia, and the Small Business Association in Lombardy.
_ Nye jobs og kvalifikationer behovet for at søge mere globale markeder.
New jobs and new skills
Undersøgelsen viste, at kun 10% af de 126 SMV'er, der deltog i under søgelsen, endnu ikke havde overvejet at bevæge sig ind på udenlandske markeder, selv om 73% af dem allerede havde kontakter i Latinamerika, Mellemøsten og Nordafrika. Resultaterne viser klart, at lederne mangler et uddannelsesprogram, hvor de kan lære at begå sig i den internationale forretningsverden.
Most small and medium-sized enterprises in the Emilia Romagna region are acutely aware of the need to seek more global markets, according to a 1996 study carried out by COFIMRThe study revealed that only 10% of the 126 SMEs surveyed had yet to consider branching into foreign markets, although 73% of them already had contacts in Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa.
Som COFIMP's CarlaTolomelli siger: "Ledere må ud over at have de nødvendige kontakter også kunne forstå de kulturelle særpræg og omgangsformerne i de lande, som de ser som potentielle forretningspartnere." partnere."
The results clearly show that managers needed a programme to train them to master the international language of business, according to COFIMP's CarlaTolomelli:"As well as having the contacts, managers must also be able to understand the cultural characteristics and behaviour of countries they see as potential business partners."
Omkring I 479 - eller 77% - af de I 857 personer, der blev arbejdsløse, har siden fundet nyt arbejde. 601 personer deltog i omskolingskurser (i alt ca. 251 000 timer), hvor der navnlig blev fokuseret på edbfærdigheder.
Some I 479 - or 77% — of the I 857 people made redundant have since found new jobs.The retraining courses provided places for 601 people for a total of some 251 000 hours, focus ing in particular on computing skills.
Udenlandske dimittender som udsendinge
Manlio was just one of the successes of this effort.
COFIMP besluttede,at den bedste taktik ville være at lave et kursus for sidsteårsstuderende fra tredjelande, der følger en erhversuddannelse i Emilia Romagna.
COFIMP decided that the best stratagem would be to develop a course for final year college students from outside the European Union studying business in Emilia Romagna.
"Disse studerende kan så virke som en kulturel og økonomisk 'bro' mellem Emilia Romagna og deres hjemland," har Allster Catalini.en af kursets undervisere, udtalt.
"They could then provide a cultural and economic'bridge' between Emilia Romagna and their home country," said Alister Catalini, one of the course teachers.
Manlio var blot én af succeserne.
ESF InfoReview n°5 - page 17
Bindeled mellem kulturer og markeder
Bridging cultures and markets
Majid havde allerede prøvet at fungere som mellemled mellem marokkanske og italienske virksomheder før kurset. Da han fik henvendelsen, studerede han økonomi på Bologna's universitet.
COFIMP then contacted firms, asking about their specific needs, and selected the students on the basis of these demands.
Han har forklaret program met mere detaljeret: "Tanken var at blive et professionelt bindeled mellem to forskellige økonomier, markeder og kulturer".AIIerede tidligt i kursusforløbet kunne Majid se de praktiske anvendelsesmuligheder: "Jeg lærer, hvorledes man kan anvende software til at knytte forbindelser med f.eks. banker. Men frem for alt har programmet yderligere motiveret mig og givet mig et fast grundlag for eventuelle senere projekter".
The result was a class of 12 students: five Africans, four Eastern Europeans, two Japanese, and one Peruvian.The entire course lasted 800 hours.The first 500 involved classroom lessons, exercises, case studies, role playing, and company visits and presentations.The final 300 hours included work placement training in a company, foreign place ments in a country of interest to the company and related to the student's national culture, and a return to Italy to report on the results of the trip.
COFIMP kontaktede herefter virksomheder, spurgte dem om deres specifikke behov og udvalgte de studerende på grundlag af disse krav. Resultatet var en klasse med 12 studerende: fem afrikanere, fire østeuropæere, to japanere og en peruaner.
Majid had already tried to act as an intermediary between Moroccan and Italian firms before the course.
De sidste 300 timer omfattede praktikophold i en virksomhed, praktikophold i et land, der var af interesse for virksomheden, og som kulturelt var beslægtet med den studerendes hjemland, og endnu et ophold i Italien, hvor den studerende skulle udarbejde en rapport om rejsens resultater.
Even early on in the course, Majid could see its practical applications:"! am learning how to use software to form relationships with banks,for example.Above all however, the programme has fuelled my motivation, and given me a firm basis for any future ventures I undertake."
Officielt sprog Valuta BNP pr.indbygger Indbyggere Befolkningstæthed
(EU density 115 per km(January 1996)
Arbejdsløshed Handel med EU
Unemployment rate
Arbejdsløshed efter aldersgruppe ( 1996)
Objective 2 imports - 62.9% exports-61.5%
'/ side 18-ESF-Nyt nr.5
Unemployment rate per age group ( 1996) page 18 - ESF InfoReview n°5
Det nye udkast til forordning om Den Europæiske Socialfond er helt i tråd med ovennævnte og medvirker til, at Den Europæiske Socialfond i sin nye skikkelse både fungerer som et centralt politisk element for og yder finansiel støtte til den europæiske beskæftigelsesstrategi. tigelsesstrategi.
The new draft ESF Regulation dovetails perfectly with this approach, effectively making the revised European Social Fund a key policy and financial support for the EES.
EU's gældende strukturfondsordning, der har været i kraft siden 1994, udløber med udgangen af 1999.
The current EU Structural Funds regime - which has been in place since 1994 - is due to expire at the end of 1999.
Den 18. marts 1998 vedtog Europa-Kommissionen formelt en række udkast til forordninger, der efter Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets vedtagelse vil være afgørende for hvorfor, hvor og hvordan fondenes midler anvendes i syvårsperioden 2000-2006.
On 18 March 1998, the European Commission formally adopted a series of draft Regulations which, once approved by the European Parliament and European Council, will determine why, where and how the Funds are to be spent in the seven-year period from 2000 to 2006.
De fem udkast til strukturfondsforordninger, der omfatter en horisontal generel forordning og en vertikal forordning for de enkelte fonde (ESF, EFRU, EUGFL-Guidance, FIFG), er i vid udstrækning baseret på Kommissionens planer for udviklingen i EU, som beskrevet i Agenda 2000 fra juli 1997.
The five draft Structural Fund Regulations - comprising a horizontal General Regulation and one vertical Regulation for each Fund (ESF, ERDF, EAGGF-Guidance, FIFG) - are based in large measure on the Commission's blueprint for the future development of the Union, as outlined in the Agenda 2000 document of July 1997.
Med et foreslået samlet budget på ECU 210 mia. (1997 priser) til den pågældende 7-års periode er de nye udkast til forordninger udviklet på basis af følgende principper:
With a proposed total budget of ECU 210 billion (at 1997 prices) for the seven-year period in question, the new draft Regulations have been developed around the following principles: