natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I Trikkala i Grækenland er den eneste beklagelse blandt kvinder, der arbejder i marken, at de ikke kan fi passet deres bom af andre end bedstemødrene, som har en gammel dags tankegang og ikke vil indrømme, at kvinderne gennemlever en revolution.
For those who can afford it, the ambition to retain the youthful good looks exemplified by media stars feeds the cosmetics industry and fills the plastic surgeon's waiting rooms.
De unge mødre må derfor hver aften bruge timer på at frigøre børnene fra de forældede ideer, som bedstemødrene i dagens løb har fyldt dem med. De gamle kvinders lange livserfaring kan også betragtes som mange års hjernevask.
Fashionable young women do not imitate the dress of their seniors; they prefer clothes designed at least to give the illusion of power and freedom.
Unge, "moderigtige" kvinder efterligner ikke ældre medsøstres påklædning, men fore trækker tøj, der er skabt til i det mindste at give en illusion om magt og frihed.
So they try to pass, take on qualities associated with youth and also refuse to define themselves as old (...).
der ikke megen
in media terms negligible.
"Ud med det gamle, ind med det nye" lader til at være parolen i vor hastigt omskiftelige tidsalder med fokus på højteknologi.
Ageists view intergenerational transactions as a one-way process.
Energi og dynamik forbindes med ungdom, og ældre føler behov for at forsvare sig. I La vieillesse ("Alderdommen") fra 1977 beskriver Simone de Beauvoir det ramaskrig, der lød, da hun i sine værker erkendte at være på alderdommens tærskel.
But there is plenty of evidence to show give and take on both sides.
opmærksomhed på.
Off with the old, on with the new is the rule of thumb in our high-tech, fast developing age.
Uden historie, uden litteratur og uden politik er det dem umuligt at forene deres selvopfattelse - som virkelige kvinder, hvis liv fortsætter - med den nye, nedværdigende måde, de betragtes (eller fuldstændig over ses) på, eller med deres egen aldersfordomme, som de har opbygget hele livet igen nem.
Simone de Beauvoir, in La Vieillesse (1977), describes the outcry when she acknowledged in print that she was on the threshold of old age: it was "tantamount to say ing that old age was lying there in wait for every woman, and that it had already laid hold upon many of them.
Så prøver de at danne sig illusioner, at dyrke kvaliteter, der forbindes med ungdom, og afviser også selv at regne sig for gamle (...).
Great numbers of people, particularly old people, told me kindly or angrily but always at great length and again and again, that old age simply did not exist!"
Aldersdiskrimination bestyrker yngre generationer i at anskue ældre som værende meget forskellige fra dem selv. Det ser man af
Don't believe you are complimenting an older woman by letting her know that you think she is 'different from' (more fun, more gutsy, more interesting than) other older women.To accept the compliment, she has to join in your rejection of older women."
Aldersdyrkerne ser udvekslingen mellem generationer som en ensrettet proces.
Ageism allows younger generations to see older people as different from themselves.
Men der er meget, der tyder på, at det er et gensidigt givende forhold.
It is manifested in the actions of corporate bodies, what is said and done by their representatives, and in the resulting views that are held by ordi närs7ageing people.
I konflikten mellem fortidens og nutidens kvindeidealer kan man skelne fire typer af ældre kvinder, nemlig den traditionelle, den nyskabende, den åbenhjertede og den protesterende personlighed.
Ageism is probably strongest in those societies where change is most rapid.
Hvilken type, man til horer, afhænger af, hvordan man selv opfatter de indre og ydre kræfter, der former ens liv. (Apter, i 995)
In Trikkala, Greece, the women who work in the fields say that for lack of child care they must leave their children with the grandmothers, and that the grandmothers have
Det helhedsbillede, som mange danner sig af alderdommen er knyttet til begreberne afhængighed, sygdom, ensom hed, depression og social afsondrethed.
Midlife is a key period, when a woman may be able to refocus her energies and set course towards fulfilment in later life.
Man har indtryk af, at ældre fuldstændig har mistet kontakten med ungdommens problemer (og omvendt).
Security, autonomy, independence, a sense of purpose and friendship networks are the key ingredients for a good quality of life for older women.
De, der forsker i aldring, forbinder generelt kun alderdom med tab og tilbagegang.
But without adequate financial resources at their disposal, many women's choices are severely constrained.
Men de ældre lægger mest vægt på, at man uanset alderen bliver ved med at være sig selv trods de forandringer, man oplever livet igennem.
The frameworks of choice and power, which "un-poor" women can use, simply do not function among the poor, the hungry and the homeless.
Ældre til lægger ikke aldringen i sig selv nogen egentlig betydning, men oplever nærmere følelsen af at være sig selv i en høj alder.
The fact that so many women are by themselves, running a family by themselves, supporting and disciplining children by themselves, throws a burden on them that eclipses their choices and reduces the likelihood that their energy will be effective.
"Livets midte" er en afgørende fase, hvor en kvinde kan være i stand til at samle nye kræfter og koncentrere sig om at realisere sig selv i et nyt afsnit af sit liv.
The public image of old age is associated with dependency, sickness, loneliness, depression, and social isolation.
Tryghed, selvstændighed, uafhængighed, et mål og en vennekreds er faktorer, der er bestemmende for, hvorvidt en ældre kvinde opnår en god livskvalitet.
Older people are thought to be out of touch with the problems of youth (and vice versa).
Men hvis ikke, hun råder over tilstrækkelige økonomiske midler, vil valgmulighederne i mange tilfælde være stærkt indskrænkede.
Scholars interested in ageing have tended to view old age simply in terms of loss and decline.
Kvinder uden økonomi ske bekymringer har adgang til helt andre til bud og muligheder end fattige kvinder, der lider af sult og bolignød.
But old people themselves emphasize the continuity of the age less self amid changes across the Ufe span.
Den omstændighed, at så mange kvinder bor alene, fungerer som ene ste familieoverhoved og er ene om at brødføde og opdrage deres børn, er en så stor byrde, at det stærkt indsnævrer deres valg og muligheder for at få noget konstruktivt ud af deres energi.
Old people do not perceive meaning in ageing itself, so much as they perceive meaning in being themselves in old age.
Ligestillingskamp er for ældre kvinder ensbetydende med ikke alene at skulle kæmpe imod kønsdiskrimination men også imod ældre diskrimination og undertiden endda racisme.
Equal opportunities for older women means defeating not just sex ism but also ageism and sometimes racism.
Køns- og racediskrimination kan berøre os mere eller mindre konstant hele livet igennem, men det samme gælder ikke for ældrediskrimination.
Sexism and racism affect us on a more or less continuing basis throughout our lives, but ageism is different: it is the only progressive condition with which we all have to live.
Det er nemlig den eneste udviklingsbetingede faktor, sorri vi alle må leve med. For kvinder i perioden efter 60'ernes kvindesagsdyrkelse er det helt afgørende at erkende alderens betydning.
For women in the post-1960s feminist movement it is a struggle to recognize the significance of age.
Vi citerer her forfatterne af Look me in the Eye ("Se mig i øjnene") fra 1983, Barbara Macdonald og Cynthia Rich:
To quote Barbara Macdonald and Cynthia Rich, authors of Look me in the Eye (1983):
Skønt kvinderne er langt de mest talstærke blandt ældre, er de meget mindre fremtrædende i det offentlige liv og i lederstillinger.
Although older women outnumber older men by a long way, they are much less present in public life and leadership roles: women like Simone Veil and Margaret Thatcher are few and far between.
Kvinder som Simone Veil og Margaret Thatcher er und tagelser.
Older women are more likely to be restricted by personal factors, especially lack of time or lack of finance.
Historiske faktorer indvirker også på sædvanerne inden for politik.
Older women who do play a leading role are principally engaged in fields traditionally linked to women's concerns, especially social welfare activities.
De ældre kvinder i Finland har levet hele deres liv i et samfund, hvor de kunne håbe på at øve ind flydelse.
"Fear of the stigma of age, and total ignorance of its reality in the lives of old women, flow deep (...).
Stemmeret for kvinder blev senest ved taget i Frankrig (1944), Italien (1946), Belgien (1949) og Grækenland (1958) (Fig. 3).
Our society breeds ignorance and fear of both ageing and death (...).
Inden for disse generationer er mændene som helhed de
The old woman carries the burden of that stigma, and with remarkable, unrecognized, unrecorded cour
Alderen klæder hende højest uddannede. Der er større sandsynlighed for, at mænd har haft ansvarsposter, mens de arbejdede, hvilket i en vis udstrækning stimule­rer dem til at fortsætte deres tidligere aktivitets­mønstre, også i alderdommen.
Age becomes her particular needs and interests of older women have low priority on the political agenda.
Det opstod på grundlag af et treårigt projekt for ældre kvinder i Europa.
Nonetheless, older people have a livelier sense of the environment and civic responsibil­ities than any other group in the population.
Initiativet blev støttet af Europa­Kommissionen.
There are major differences between coun­tries in the social and economic roles of older women.
Ikke desto mindre har ældre en mere levende sans for miljøet og de borgerretlige ansvarsom­råder, end tilfældet er for nogen anden alders­gruppe. Sophia Loren og andre berømtheder har vist sig som fine eksempler på den nye generation af ældre kvinder.
Unlike the USA, where Maggie Kuhn's Gray Pan titers is only one among several powerful associations focussing on older women's needs, and the massive American Association of Retired Persons has a specific Women's Initiative, Europe's older women are poorly organised.
Nogle af dem var meget aktive som strejkevagter i Dover (hvor de protesterede mod eksport af levende får og kalve til det europæiske kontinent) samt under miljødemonstrationer rundt om i EU.
But change may be in the wind: in Germany, where there is an especially high proportion of older
Der er meget store forskelle fra land til land, når det gælder ældre kvindes erhvervs­ og sam­fundsmæssige rolle.
Women appear to adapt more easily to retire­ment from paid work and to view it more pos­itively than men, even though their financial situation in retirement is often not as secure, and though single women ­ like men ­ can experience retirement as a critical rupture in their lives often resulting in an identity crisis.
Magt, rum og tid
Power, space and time
Årstal for kvindernes opnåelse af stemmeret I de europalske lande, Indbefattet EU­landene samt Norge, Island og Schweiz Kilde: Eurostat
Year in which women acquired the right to vote In European countries including EU Member States and Norway, Iceland and Switzerland. Source: Eurostat
Ældre kvinder i Den Europæiske Union
Older women in the European Union women men
1 alt ar ar ar ar ι ar ar er ar
> 55 years years years years years years years years
Såvel kvinders som mænds værdiprioriteringer ændrer sig med alderen.
Possibly this is because a job may be only one in a series of overlapping roles they hold in the course of their lives.
Resultaterne fra Eurobarometer viser for begge køns vedkommende, at man lægger stadig mere vægt på familie og mindre på venner, jo ældre man bliver.
While men may strive to preserve their old life styles, women often view retirement as a chance to develop new activities, primarily aimed at increasing social interaction.
Mænd værdsætter fritidsinteresser og politik mere, end tilfældet er for kvinder, som lægger mere vægt pá religion.
In the northern countries, women continue to be defined by what they do, while men are defined by what they once were.
net ved en meget bedre sindstilstand og livskva­litet end dem, der ikke foretager sig noget (men det er også lettest for dem, der har et godt hel­bred og er åndsfriske at forblive aktive).
By midlife most people have developed a certain life-style which they will cling to: it is based on past education, experience and motivation.
udføres af nutidens kvinder ­ hvadenten de er unge eller ældre, lønnede eller ulønnede ­ ræk­ker ofte ud over hjemmets grænser.
Leisure pursuits are increasing in importance for those with the necessary resources in the new generation of older women.
Kvinder synes lettere end mænd at kunne indstille sig på at opgive deres lønarbejde, idet de snarere betragter det som noget positivt.
For vital age, a project that structures one's days and keeps alive human ties and a sense of personhood is essential.
Det gælder på trods af, at kvindelige pensionister tit har det økonomisk sværere, og på trods af, at enlige kvinder ­ i lighed med mænd ­ godt kan opleve pensioneringen som en kritisk livsfase, der ofte fremkalder en personlighedskrise.
The state of mind and quality of life of those who continue to be active are markedly better than for those who do not (but then those who are healthy and in a good state of mind find it easier to remain involved than those who are not).
Når vi er blevet midaldrende, har de fleste af os udviklet en bestemt livsstil, som vi onsker at holde fast i. Stilen bygger på vores uddannelse, fortid, erfaring og motivation.
As the ageing process continues, people tend to reduce the actual number of activities they engage in, as well as the amount of time spent on each of these activities.
For at opnå en aktiv alderdom er det meget vigtigt at have projekter, der sætter struktur på hverda­gen og holder liv i de sociale relationer, samt at have sans for ens egen menneskelighed. Ældre, der fortsætter med at være aktive, er kendeteg­
Environmental and physical constraints will lead people, not to disengage, but gradually to focus on those highpriority activities where they feel they can best use their skills and to drop others which interfere. ·
Ældre kvinder i Den Europæiske Union
Older women in the European Union generation bridge
Ældre kvinders rolle er især knyttet til familie, venner og samfundet i bred forstand.
Women's roles in later life are predominantly linked to their family, friends and the wider community.
En midaldrende kvinde udfylder ofte en række forskellige roller, nemlig som hustru, mor, svigermor og bedstemor, men også som datter og svigerdatter af aldersstegne forældre og
At mid-life, they often experience an accumulation of roles, including those of wife, mother, mother-in-law, and grandmother, as well as the daughter fessionals (or other people from outside) and thus in accepting help.
"Den meget lukkede familiekreds var en regulær spændetrøje for nogle af de kvinder, jeg talte med. Der opstår en art mild underku­ svigerforældre.
Women are more likely to find this difficult; they feel they must do their duty and tend to feel guilty the moment they think of themselves, for example by taking some time oft".
Når en skilsmisse fuldstændig afbryder forbin­delsen mellem generationerne, mister familien sine rødder.
Act grandmothers can remain centrally involved in the welfare of their grandchildren following divorce.
Med Children Act kan bedsteforældre ad ret­tens vej kræve at fa del i forældreansvaret, og de anerkendes som parter i skilsmissesager, for så vidt angår deres bornebørn.
The Act empowers them to apply to the court for a share of parental responsibility and they are recognized as parties to divorce proceedings concerning children.
typisk selv en ældre dame.
and daughter-in-law of
Den samlede mængde spændinger, som kvin­der må døje i omgangen med deres slægtninge og navnlig deres egne forældre, vokser med alderen, mens den aftager for mænd.
For women, the amount of tension experi enced in their relations with other family members, particularly their own parents, tends to increase with age while it decreases for men.
Der er bred enighed om, at den bedste måde at bevare familieharmonien og hvert enkelt familiemed­lems uafhængighed på er at etablere "nærvær på afstand", sådan at den ældre generation ikke bor for langt fra børnene, men heller ikke sammen med dem.
It has been suggested that the best approach for maintaining family harmony and the independence of individual family members is "intimacy at a distance", when an older person lives within easy reach of offspring but does not cohabit.
I gamle dage varede et ægteskab omkring 15 år, inden døden gjorde en ende på det, mens det i dag er helt almin­deligt at holde guldbryllup efter at have været gift i 50 år.
Marriages used to last for approximately 15 vears before death brought them to an end, but "golden weddings" after 50 years are now commonplace.
Det er påvist, at gifte par lever længere, er sundere og foler sig bedre tilpas end ældre, der har mistet deres sam­lever, selv om den relative forskel er større for mænd end for kvinder.
The evidence shows that married couples live longer, stay healthier and feel better, compared with older people no longer with partners, although the relative advantage for men is greater than for women.
Selv om ikke alle langvarige ægteskaber er nogen "dans på roser", giver de stabilitet, gensidig støtte og et vist kammeratskab.
Even if not all long-standing marriages are ideal, they do provide stabil ii; mutual support and a degree of companionship.
Når en ægtem­and går på pension og derfor ikke længere skal på arbejde, er det en brat overgang, der kan fremkalde megen stress hos begge ægtefæller.
A husband's retirement entails giving up his work, a clear-cut and sudden transition, and it can put great stress on both partners.
Det sker ikke sjældent, at en pensioneret arbejdstager, efter at han er blevet afskåret fra sine kolleger, bliver helt afhængig af sin kone for at bevare et soci­alt liv uden for hjemmet.
It is not infrequent for a retired man, separated from his former colleagues at work, to become reliant on his wife for social contacts beyond the home.
Rollen som bedstemor er temmelig udfly­dende i den vestlige verdens familiestruktur af i dag.
Motivations to care are mixed.
Mange af vor tids bedstemødre har ikke kendt deres egen bedstemor, fordi hun dode, for de blev fodt.
Duty (both moral and social) is important, but in all cases there is a desire to prevent a relative from being taken into residential care, which has negative connotations.
Nutidens kvinder bliver bedste­mødre, mens de stadig er erhvervsaktive.
Most caring situations develop gradually, as the capacity of the person cared for degenerates.
De fle­ste er omkring de 50, men der er også dem, der kun er 30, når det sker. Kvinder kan altså sag­tens være bedstemor i tredive år og endda nå at blive oldemødre.
A majority of current carers admit that they did not really understand wfrat they were getting involved in, because neither they nor even their own mother had been in a similar situation before.When the care sit uation starts, some carers establish definite limits beyond which they will not go -because they do not wish to do so, or because they find themselves incapable of doing so - and yet many of them in all countries go beyond the limits just the same.
De nye familemønstre med kun én forælder, hvilket bliver stadig mere almindeligt i EU­landene, gør familieforholde­ne generationerne imellem yderligere kompli­cerede.
Of all care situations, probably the most difficult and intolerable is looking after an elderly person suffering from senile dementia.
Bevæggrundene for at yde omsorg varierer.
A grandmother's role is undefined within the contemporary western family structure.
Den (sociale og moralske) pligt er væsentlig, men i alle tilfælde råder også viljen til at spare en nær slægtning for at komme på plejehjem, idet dette opfattes som noget negativt.
Many of today's grandmothers never knew their own, who died before they were born.Today's grandmothers attain their status while they are still active; most are in their 50s but could be as young as 30.
De fleste situationer, hvor der ydes hjælp, udvikler sig i takt med, at det pågældende menneskes evner svækkes.
The relationship can easily last 30 vears, even developing into great-grandmother-hood.
De fleste af dem, der yder hjæl­pen, erkender, at de ikke rigtig vidste, hvad de gik ind til, fordi hverken dem selv eller deres egen mor tidligere havde været i en lignende situation.
New forms of family - with one parent families becoming increasingly common in the EU Member States - further complicate intergenerational family relationships.
På det tidspunkt, hvor omsorgen indledes, vælger nogle at sætte grænser, som de ikke vil bevæge sig ud over, fordi de ikke vil eller ikke mener sig i stand til det.
went out occasionally to the garden of remembrance, to Sunday Mass (here the men stayed at home), to do the shopping with their daughters, or take the grandchildren for early morning or evening walks." (Garelli, 1996)
Alligevel ser man i alle lande, at de afstukne grænser ender med at blive overskredet.
Because women tend to live longer than men, and because a husband is usually older than his wife (as well as being more likely to remarry after death or divorce), there are far more older women than older men living alone.
Den vanskeligste og mest uudholdelige opgave, når det gælder privat ældreomsorg, er at tage sig af senil demente per­soner.
The loss of the partner through death, as through divorce, involves a series of losses for women: companionship; material support; a partner in a world which is couple-oriented; someone to negotiate on her behalf in a male-dominated society where women often do not acquire the skills necessary to promote their own interests.
Da kvinder gennemsnitlig lever længere end mænd, og da de fleste ægtemænd er ældre end deres koner (og mere tilbøjelige til at gifte sig igen efter at være blevet enkemand eller fra­skilt), er der mange flere kvinder end mænd, der bor alene.
In Belgium, for example, more than 25% of women between 55 and 60 were found to be assisting sick, disabled or elderly persons, and almost 30% of carers over 55 were providing care for two or even more people.
For en kvinde betyder tabet af sam­leveren, uanset om årsagen er dødsfald eller skilsmisse, endnu en række tab, nemlig tabet af det nære selskab, af det materielle underhold, af en partner i en verden opbygget omkring par­forhold samt af én til at føre ordet på hendes vegne i et mandsdomineret samfund, hvor kvinder sjældent tilegner sig de nødvendige færdigheder i at forsvare deres egne interesser.
The period and intensity of the caring relationship varies widely, from full-time, exhausting, draining, all-encompassing, handson care over a period of years, through to crisis periods interspersed with longer intervals when - like the sword of Damocles - the unpredictable, looming deterioration of a parent and the sense of responsibility to provide care severely limits the options open to the carer.
else i disse næsten ­ og sommetider nærmest fuldstændig ­ tillukkede hjem, der sommetider virkede utilgængelige...
Throughout life, women are more likely than men to be responsible for practical, handson caring activities.
Under samtalerne fik man undertiden indtryk af fængselslignende til­stande med bedstemodre, der gennem halvt til­lukkede skodder betragtede verden udenfor, hvor familiens mænd og vennerne nød deres passeggiata (gåtur), drak og spillede kort på cafe­erne eller morede sig med at spille bocce.
It has been estimated that a woman can spend a lifetime of care: some 17 years looking after children, 18 years caring for elderly parents, finally caring for an older husband.
Som­metider kom kvinderne ud i mindehaven, til søndagsgudstjeneste (mens mændene blev hjemme), på indkøb med deres dotre eller ud at gå en morgen­ eller aftentur med deres borne­bom" (Giacchi, i 995).
Most care for older people is provided by other older people: spouses, siblings, friends and neighbours.