natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Informationsbrochurer: Insti­tuttet for Moderne Græsk Filo­logi ved Aristoteles­Universite­tet i Thessaloniki udgiver di­verse græsk­ og engelsksproge­de brochurer om sommer­ og vinterkurser i moderne græsk.
Yearbooks: Each year Greece's institutions of higher education (AEIs) jointly publish a students' handbook which con­tains information on the teach­ing staff at each institution, on courses of study offered for each academic year, on entry requirements, on the number of students admitted per sub­ject, on examinations, etc.
Titlerne på disse brochurer er: πτυχίο: Den første akademiske grad.
This handbook also provides infor­mation on financial assistance, on scholarships and on medical care and facilities.
ΑΕΙ: Forkortelse for Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, vide­regående uddannelsesinstitu­tion inden for universitetssek­toren.
ΑΕΙ: abbreviation for Ανώτα­το Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, university level higher edu­cation institutions.
TEI: Forkortelse for Τεχνολο­γικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, teknologisk uddannelsesinsti­tution uden for universitetssek-
TEI: abbreviation for Τεχνο­λογικά Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύμα­τα, nonuniversity level (tech­nical) education institutions.
Generelt informationsmateria­le: Det græske Undervisnings­ministerium og EF­Kommissio­nen (Administrationskontoret for Uddannelse i Det Europæ­iske Fællesskab: Det Europæ­iske Eurydice Kontor) har udarbejdet en informationsbro­chure, der indeholder detaljere­de oplysninger om alle niveauer af det offentlige græske uddan­
Information leaflets and book­lets : The Institute of Modern Greek at the Aristotle Univer­sity in Thessaloniki publishes several information leaflets and booklets in Greek and English on summer and winter courses in modern Greek. The titles of these leaflets and booklets are: Summer/winter courses in modern Greek language, Aris-
Det videregående uddannelsessystems opbygning De videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner / Studenter­tal / Studiernes opbygning og de afsluttende eksami­ner
Organization of higher education Types of higher education institutions / Student stati­stics / Organization and validation of courses
Det videregående uddannelsessystems opbygning tidspunkt påtaget sig deres ansvar for uddannelsessystemet, herunder de videregående uddannelser. De videre­gående uddannelsesinstitutioners selv­styre inden for de ovennævnte lov­mæssige rammer omfatter især følgen­de fire aspekter:
Organization of higher education the institutions of higher education within the legal framework mentioned above extends to essentially four dif­ferent aspects: 1. freedom of decision over internal administration·,
Inden for rammerne af denne nye model er de nye regionale organer, der er placeret på et niveau, der ligger mellem statsmagten og kom­munerne, og som ifølge § 2 i forfat­ningen har ret til selvbestemmelse, i stand til at påtage sig ansvaret for de videregående uddannelsers område.
Within this framework Autonomous Communities, new re­gional bodies placed on a level between State and local administra­tion and having, according to Article 2 of the Constitution, the right to self-determination, are able to assume responsibility in the field of higher education.
1. beslutningsfrihed i interne admini­strative sager; 2. frihed ved valg af lærerstab og andet personale; 3. frihed til selvadministration i bud­getanliggender; 4. godkendelse af studieindhold og ret til at tildele diplomer og grader inden for deres eget område.
2. freedom of choice over teaching staff and other personnel; 3. freedom of administration over the budget; 4. approval of degree curricula and right to award higher education diplomas and degrees.
Siden 1983 er der sket forskellige udviklinger inden for de enkelte punk­ter.
Since 1983, various developments have taken place in the individual points.
Ved nogle er det planlagte arbejde næsten fuldført (som eksempel kan nævnes fastsættelse af vedtægter for den enkelte institutions interne admi­nistration). Ved andre (som f.eks. reformen af studieprogrammer) befin­der processen med at definere de overordnede strukturer sig stadig i et mellemstadie.
In some, the planned pro­grammes are approaching completion (for example, the drawing up of sta­tutes for the regulation of the inter­national administration of the relevant institution).
Loven om reform af de videregåen­de uddannelser fra 1983 er det lov­mæssige grundlag for det spanske videregående uddannelsessystem, som det ser ud idag.
The 1983 Law on the Reformation of Higher Education is the legal foun­dation for the Spanish higher edu­cation system today.
Denne lov fastsætter grundprincippet om selvstyre for de videregående uddannelsesinstitutio­ner, som det fremgår af forfatningens § 27, stk. 10 og afgrænser ligeledes kompetencefordelingen med hensyn til den uddannelsespolitik, der skal føres inden for området, mellem staten, de autonome områder og universiteterne selv.
This law specifies the basic principle of self-administra­tion for institutions of higher edu­cation contained in Article 27, Para­graph 10 of the Constitution and also defines the areas of responsibility with regard to the higher education policy of the State, the Autonomous Com­munities and of the universities them­selves.
Loven skabte ligeledes grundlaget for oprettelsen af et Universitetsråd, der er et organ, der står for koordine­ring, organisering, planlægning og rådgivning (ifølge § 23 i loven om reform af de videregående uddannel­ser).
This law also created the Uni­versity Council as a coordinating, organizing, planning and advisory body (Article 23 of the Higher Edu­cation Reform Law).
') Det statslige universitet i Navarra er nyligt oprettet og åbnede sine døre for studerende i det akademiske år 1989/90.
Since 1970 there have been only a few highly specialized subject areas at tertiary level outside the university system in Spain.
I det akademiske år 1986/87 var der i alt indskrevet 903 166 studerende ved de spanske videregående uddannelses­institutioner; heraf studerede 872 621 ved de statslige og 30 545 ved de private universiteter.
So the universities comprise practically the whole higher education system.
Af de 32 universiteter tilbyder de 30 (herun­der de 4 politécnicas) uddannelser af almen karakter.
There are 36 ' universities, 32 State-run and four under the responsi-
Antallet af studerende ved de vide­regående uddannelsesinstitutioner uden for universitetssektoren var i det akademiske år 1984/85 36 684.
The State-run University of Navarre was recently established and is expected to open in the 1989/90 academic year.
Spanske videregående uddannelses­institutioner tildeler forskellige diplo­mer og grader efter fuldførte studier:
Nevertheless, only seven (out of a total of 17) Autonomous Communi­ties at present exercise their responsi­bility for the education system, includ­ing higher education.
Adgang og indskrivning
Organization and validation of courses
— Diplomado: denne grad tildeles efter 3 års studier ved en Escuela Universitaria; — ingeniero Técnico y Arquitecto Técnico: denne grad tildeles efter 3 års ingeniør- og arkitektstudier ved en Escuela Universitara de Ingeniería y Arquitectura.
Various degrees and certificates are awarded for the successful completion of courses at Spanish higher edu­cation:
Første informationer
Long-term courses of study
I et sådant tilfælde betragtes studerende, der ønsker at forlade deres region, som ligestillede med studeren­de fra den pågældende region.
Courses at Spanish universities vary according to the types of higher edu­cation institutions at which they are offered: 1. Facultades, 2. Escuelas Técnicas Superiores de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, 3. Escuelas Universitarias, 4. Colegios Universitarios.
Disse fører til erhvervelse af grader, som udstedes og tildeles af den pågæl­dende videregående uddannelsesinsti­tution.
First, degree pro­grammes which are equivalent to those at universities with regard to structure, entry requirements and academic level: Merchant shipping (at present being introduced at univer­sities), Sport and Tourism.
Disse grader er ikke gyldige i hele landet, medmindre de på et senere tidspunkt bliver anerkendt ved en pas­sende procedure.
Secondly, degree programmes in the arts field with their own structure and entry requirements: Drama and dance, sing­ing and music (higher education level).
Dette taget i betragtning er antallet af postgraduate studieprogrammer ved de enkelte universiteter steget betrag­teligt i de sidste par år.
The total number of students regis­tered at Spanish higher education institutions in the 1986/87 academic
Udenlandske ansøgere er ikke un­derkastet disse restriktioner.
The first three years may be com­pleted at the Colegios Universitarios finishing with the licentiate degree.
De kan således sende deres ansøgning til en hvilken som helst videregående uddan­nelsesinstitution.
Originally, these were founded in towns and cities in which there was no institution of higher education, however, in the last few years they have spread everywhere.
Det må imidlertid indtrængende anbefales, at ansøgere sørger for at få alle formaliteter i orden inden for de fastsatte tidsfrister, og at de rekvirerer oplysninger om universitetet og det ønskede studiepro­gram i så god tid som muligt.
They are in all cases - albeit in differing forms - affili­ated to a university.
Adgangsbetingelser
Admission and registration
Derfor er der planer om at fastsætte nogle generelle retningslinjer, som kan anvendes af de videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner, når de skal fastsætte antallet af ledige pladser.
In addition to these, there is the aca­demic title of Doctor, which corres­ponds to the third cycle of studies and which was recently regulated by Royal Decree 185/85 of 23 January.
I andre tilfælde fastsætter Universitetsrådet antallet af studerende, der kan få adgang til førsteårsstudier, og ansæt­ter antallet i overensstemmelse med de berettigede forslag, som er fremsat af de universiteter, der kræver dette.
Candi­dates for this degree are required to participate in a special course (Ph.D. programme) and subsequently to pre­sent an individual academic thesis on independent research work. In gen­eral, only a small proportion of graduates continue to this level.
Adgangskravene ved de videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner er for span­ske studerende afgangsbevis fra de øverste klassetrin på sekundærtrinnet {Bachillerato Unificado y Polivalente — BUP) og fuldførelse af et 1-årigt introduktionskursus (Curso de Orientación Universitaria — COU).
Although current reforms aim at the abolition of the higher education regions and admission zones, those students are presently being given preference in admission to higher edu­cation institutions who have com­pleted their secondary education in the zone concerned, unless they wish to embark on courses of study which do not exist there.
Selv om adgang til videregående studier også er mulig ad anden vej (erhvervsuddannel­se på sekundærtrinnet for visse Escuelas Universitarias, særlige prøver for ansøgere over 25 år), vælger det store flertal af studerende denne vej.
In this case, students who have to leave their region are regarded in exactly the same way as students from the region concerned.
Fore­læsninger finder normalt sted i perio­den fra oktober til juni (hvilket udgør det akademiske år).
In Madrid and Barcelona (where there are several universities) there are uni­versal distribution systems which take the preferences of students and their marks into consideration.
I de sidste par år har næsten alle universiteter ved en række fagområder fastsat en adgangskvote, der er baseret på den nævnte procedure.
Finally, on account of their auton­omy the institutions are in a position to offer various other degree pro­grammes over and above those already mentioned.
Hvis der ikke er nogen kvoter, gælder udeluk­kende de generelle adgangsbegræns­ninger, som er nævnt ovenfor.
These are then completed with degrees which are conferred by the relevant institution of higher edu­cation.
Anerkendelse af udenlandske akade miske grader og eksaminer
These degrees are not valid in all parts of the country, unless they are at some later date recognized through an appropriate process.
Ved nogle studier (læge-, tandlæge- og dyrlægevidenskab og visse ingeniørret­ninger) kan der være voldsom konkur­rence om studiepladserne.
With a view to this eventuality, the range of postgraduate courses at indi­vidual universities has been increased considerably in the past few years.
Ifølge de gældende regler er 5% af studiepladserne afsat til udenlandske studerende ved de videregående ud­dannelsesinstitutioner, hvor der er adgangsbegrænsning.
Applicants from outside Spain are not subject to these restrictions; thus they can address their applications to any institution or university of their choice.
Det bør imidler­tid bemærkes, at kongelig forordning nr. 943/86 af 9. maj 1986 fastslår princippet om lige behandling af stu­derende fra andre EF-medlemsstater og spanske studerende for så vidt angår adgang til videregående ud­dannelsesinstitutioner.
It is, however, strongly recom­mended that applicants carry out all relevant formalities within the pre­scribed periods, and that they gather information about the university and course in question as early as poss­ible.
Alt dette gælder uden præjudice for
Entry requirements
EF-reglerne om EF-borgeres ret til at etablere sig og udøve visse erhverv i et hvilket som helst fællesskabsland.
Higher Education System is the one as regards the capacity of each insti­tution.
Gebyrerne fastsættes årligt af Univer­sitetsrådet og de lokale myndigheder, der har ansvaret for de videregående uddannelser i de autonome områder (Catalonien, Baskerlandet, Galicien, Andalusien, Valencia, De Kanariske Øer og Navarra).
To this end, the determination of some general regulations is envis­aged which should be used by higher education institutions in determining the number of vacancies.
Undervisningsmini­steriet fastsætter gebyrerne for de øvri­ge videregående uddannelsesinstitutio­ner.
When this is not the case, the University Council determines the number of students to be admitted to a first course of study, setting the number in accordance with the justified proposals made by the universities which require this.
Ifølge gældende regler skal alle span­ske og udenlandske ansøgere aflægge en generel adgangsprøve (prueba de acceso a la Universidad), som finder sted i juli og september.
awarded upon successful completion of secondary education {Bachillerato Unificado y Polivalente — BUP) and the completion of a one-year introduc­tory course (Curso de Orientación Universitaria — COU).
Denne prøve er absolut nødvendig for at blive opta­get ved Facultades, Escuelas Técnicas Superiores og Colegios Universitarios.
Although ad­mission to higher education is also possible by other means (secondary stage vocational training for certain Escuelas Universitarias, special exam­inations for people over 25 years of age), the vast majority of students choose this way.
Ansøgere til optagelse ved Escuelas Universitarias skal ikke nødvendigvis bestå en adgangsprøve.
In general, lectures take place from October to June (which represents the academic year).
Disse prøver afholdes af de enkelte videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner.
In the last few years nearly all uni­versities have established admission quotas for a number of subject areas using the abovementioned process as a basis.
Det Åbne Universitet (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia) afholder disse prøver på de spanske ambassader i en række lande.
If no quotas exist, only the general regulations for admission to higher education are applied.
Dette er som regel tilfæl­det, når der er et stort antal ansøgere fra de pågældende lande.
Recognition of foreign certificates and degrees
Gebyrerne for det akademiske år 1987/88 beløb sig til mellem 37 065 og 52 500 pesetas (med mindre ud­sving).
For some courses (medicine, dentistry, veterinary medi­cine and certain engineering branches), fierce competition may exist.
Videregående uddannelsesin­stitutioner, der hører under kirken, fastsætter selv deres egne gebyrer.
According to the regulations in force, a 5 % quota is reserved for foreign students at institutions of higher education where admissions are limited.
Ovennævnte gælder studier, der fører til erhvervelsen af grader, der er officielt anerkendte i hele Spanien.
It must, however, be noted that Royal Decree 943/86 of 9 May 1986 established the principle of equal treatment for students from other EC Member States and Spanish students as far as admission to higher edu­cation institutions is concerned.
For andre studieprogrammer, som tilbydes af en videregående uddannelsesinsti­tution inden for rammerne af dens selvstyre, er det institutionen selv, der fastsætter gebyret.
In general, and with regard to the other countries, the following regu­lations are in force: 1. admission to the first course: certificate required for admission to higher education in the country of origin; 2. admission to further courses and postgraduate courses: the recog­nition of individual study achieve­ments is the responsibility of the relevant institution of higher edu­cation;
Alle ansøgere skal indsende en ansøg­ning til den uddannelsesinstitution, de ønsker at studere ved.
The only limitation provided for by the Law for the Reformation of the
Så snart universitetet har givet den studerende tilladelse til at indskrive sig til et bestemt fagområde, skal ved­kommende foretage den formelle ind­skrivning medbringende den nødven­dige dokumentation.
3. completed courses and degrees awarded: the decision as to recog­nition is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Science.
Det stipendiesystem, der administreres af det spanske Undervisningsministe­rium, gælder kun for studerende med spansk statsborgerskab og for stude­rende med fast bopæl i Spanien.
Fees are determined annually by the University Council and the govern­ments of the Autonomous Com­munities with responsibility for higher education (Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia, Andalusia, Valen­cia, the Canary Island and Navarre).
Des­uden er der andre former for økono­misk støtte for udenlandske studeren­de, der tildeles af forskellige nationale institutioner og er baseret på bilaterale aftaler mellem Spanien og andre lande eller programmer med særlige akade­miske og videnskabelige formål.
The Ministry of Education and Science determines the fees for the remaining institutions of higher edu­cation.
For at kunne studere ved en spansk videregående uddannelsesinstitution er et godt kendskab til spansk en absolut nødvendighed, eftersom undervisning og forelæsninger sædvanligvis foregår på spansk.
Generally, fees for the academic year 1987/88 amounted to between PTA 37 065 and 52 500 (with minor variations).
Universiteterne og de andre videre­gående uddannelsesinstitutioner afhol­der selv et stort antal kurser i spansk for udenlandske studerende.
According to regulations in force, all Spanish and foreign applicants must take a general examination (prueba de acceso a la Universidad), which takes place in July and September.
De sprogog litteraturkurser, som Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo afhol­der om sommeren, er en særlig facili­tet.
The examination is carried out by the higher education institutions themselves. The National Open University holds these examin­ations in the Spanish embassies in some countries.
Her tilbydes et stort antal kurser om forskellige emner.
This is generally the case where a large number of appli­cants is involved.
Her anbefales det indtrængende, at ansøgere indsamler generelle oplys­ninger og især konsulterer følgende instanser: Udenrigsministeriet og især den spanske ambassade i hjemlandet. Studerende fra Latinamerika bør hen­vende sig til Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana.
For other degree programmes and degrees which are offered by an institution of higher education within the scope of its autonomy, the tuition fees are deter­mined by the relevant institution.
Andre stats- og priva­te institutioner yder økonomisk støtte i et begrænset omfang.
For their first course, they must name various alternatives, as it is difficult, on account of the number of applicants and the existing limitations, to guarantee the consider­ation of the preferences of applicants in all cases.
Det er under alle omstændigheder nødvendigt, at de studerende indsen­der deres ansøgning om stipendium eller økonomisk støtte så tidligt som muligt inden deres ankomst til Spani­en.
As soon as the university has given the student permission to register for a certain subject area, he must formally enrol upon presentation of the required documents.
For studerende fra EF-lande og fra visse andre lande (det er nødvendigt at forhøre sig herom på forhånd) kræves der ikke visum for indrejse og ophold af indtil 3 måneders varighed.
The scholarship system administered by the Ministry of Education and Science applies only to students with Spanish citizenship or those with legal residence in Spain.
For ophold af længere varighed skal der i alle tilfælde opnås en tilladelse fra de relevante myndigheder (Indenrigsmi­nisteriet og politiet). For at opnå en sådan tilladelse skal den studerende forelægge grunden til opholdet og dokumentation for, at vedkommende har de nødvendige midler til at kunne klare sig økonomisk under opholdet.
Furthermore, there are other forms of financial assistance for foreign students.
Alle spanske studerende under 28 år, der er indskrevet ved videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner, er tilsluttet en studenterforsikringsfond.
For a course of study at a Spanish institution of higher education, a good knowledge of Spanish is imperative, as courses and lectures are generally con­ducted in Spanish.
Denne fond vil gradvis blive underlagt det sociale sikkerhedssystem som en sær­lig enhed. Studenterforsikringsfonden henven­der sig også til et stort antal studeren­de fra andre lande som følge af gensi­dige aftaler.
It should be noted that the Autonomous Communities where there is a second official lan­guage (Catalonian in Catalonia and on the Balearic Islands, Basque in the Basque Country and in Navarre, Galician in Galicia and Valencian in Valencia), some lectures may be held in those languages.
Studerende fra EF-lande er blandt dem, der ligeledes er dækket af denne ordning.
The universities and other edu­cational establishments themselves of­fer a variety of courses in Spanish for foreign students.
Studerende over 28 år anbefales indtrængende at tegne yderligere private forsikringer, der især dækker lægehjælp m.v.
The language and literature courses offered by the Me­nendes y Pelayo International Univer­sity in summer are a special facility.
Studie- og erhvervsvejledning
Here, a wide range of courses on various subjects is offered.
Eftersom de relevante fællesskabs­regler først vil træde fuldt ud i kraft fra 1992, fastsætter Kongelig Forord­ning 1099/86 af 26. maj 1986 de generelle retningslinjer for positiv sær­behandling af statsborgere fra de øvri­ge EF-lande.
For these, it is highly recommended that applicants collect general infor­mation and, in particular, consult the following: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and especially the Spanish embassy in the country concerned.
Generel information kan især fås fra spanske ambassader og spanske kul­turinstitutter, hvis sådanne forefindes i det pågældende land.
Students from Latin America should address their inquiries to the Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana.
Uden den relevante arbejdstilladelse fra arbejdsformidlingen er erhvervsar­bejde ikke tilladt.
All Spanish students under the age of 28 and registered at Spanish insti­tutions of higher education are in­cluded in a students' insurance fund.
Midlertidigt er­hvervsarbejde er i princippet muligt, men som følge af den nuværende arbejdsmarkedssituation i Spanien er mulighederne herfor begrænsede.
This fund will gradually be transferred into the social security system, how­ever, as a special entity.
Det er vanskeligt præcist at angive de gennemsnitlige leveomkostninger for hver enkelt studerende.
For nationals of EC Countries and of some other countries (it is imperative to inquire beforehand) a visa is not required for entry and for residence of up to three months.