natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Tilbagevenden til arbejde efter pasnings-/ plejeperioden
The development of schemes for ex tended leave with benefits for taking care of young children (in 8 Member States) has improved the position of those caring for children, not only while they are not working, but on return to work as well.
år personer, der har løst pasnings- og/eller plejeopgaver,
As noted above, in only a minority of Member States are social protection rights safeguarded for those who care for adults for extended periods.
Omkostninger ved pasning/pleje vender tilbage til arbejde, kan de møde andre problemer med at få ret til kort varige ydelser, især hvis de bliver syge eller arbejdsløse, før de har optjent tid nok til at opfylde de rettighedsgivende betingelser.
These are Sweden, Austria, Luxembourg, Germany, Finland, Italy and the Netherlands. In Portugal and Spain, carers are treated the same way as everyone else, which means in Portugal, 6 months in insurance and 12 days work during the four months prior to the illness and, in Spain, 180 days work in the previous five years.
Disse problemer vil ikke opstå, hvis sygesikringssystemet er udformet til at tjene hele befolkningen,
In both these countries, many carers are, therefore, likely to qualify for benefit, even if they fall ill soon after returning to work.
Udvikling af udvidede orlovsordninger med ydelser til pasning af små børn (i 8 medlemsstater) har forbedret situationen for dem, der passer børnene, ikke blot mens de ikke arbejder, men også når de vender til bage til arbejdet.
In Belgium, those covered by a Career Interruption anangement similarly retain their health insurance, but others, including those who have to continue caring after the period of Career Interruption expires, need to have worked at least 120 days (for at least three hours a day) during a period of 6 months.
Men der hvor orlov uden løn er den eneste mulighed, er situationen for orlovstagerne meget svagere, når de vender tilbage — undtagen i Nederlandene, hvor rettighederne til social beskyttelse bevares under orlov uden løn. Det
In Greece, those on unpaid leave to take care of young child ren can remain insured, as noted above, only if they pay their own plus the employers* contributions, while others need to have worked for at least 50 days (two months) in the year preceding the illness.
I 12 ud af 15 medlemsstater giver pasning/pleje ikke anledning til pro blemer, for så vidt angår adgang til
In 12 of the 15 Member States, caring gives no problems so far as access to health care is concerned, while in the other three, problems are of varying severity.
Personer, der har haft pasnings- plejeansvar, og arbejdsløshedsunderstøttelse i Tyskland og Nederlandene
Carers and unemployment benefits in Germany and Netherlands ranging from six months to a year or more.
Tyskland: Den udbredte forlængede orlovsperiode til pasning af små børn medregnes som lønnet beskæftigelse og vil således give ret til understøttelse, når der er behov for det.
Germany: the widely available period of extended leave for early child care is counted as if it is paid employment and so will give benefit rights when these are needed.
Men personer, der har haft pasnings/plejeansvar, og som er dækket af den nye langtids-plejeforsikring, skal opfylde de normale rettighedsgivende betingelser for at få arbejdsløs hedsunderstøttelse — 12 måneders arbejde med forsikring i de foregående tre år for at få forsikringsydelse og 150 dage i det sidste år for at få bistandsydelse.
But carers covered by the new longterm care insurance have to meet the normal qualifying conditions for unemployment benefit — 12 months insured work in the past three years for the insurance benefit and 150 days in the last year for the assistance benefit.
De er imidlertid berettigede til erhvervsuddannelse uden betingelser om en periode i beskæftigelse — en nyttig foranstaltning for personer, der har stået uden for arbejdsstyrken i en længere periode.
They are, however, eligible for vocational training without a qualifying period in employment — a useful provision for someone who has been out of the labour force for a long period.
Portugal og Spanien behandles per soner, der passer/plejer familiemedlemmer, på samme måde som alle andre, hvilket i Portugal betyder 6 måneders forsikring og 12 dages arbejde i løbet af fire måneder forud for sygdommen og i Spanien 180 da ges arbejde i løbet af de foregående fem år.
Netherlands: for the basic unemployment benefit lasting for 6 months, carers have to meet the same rules as anyone else, that is, 6 months work immediately preceding the unemployment.
I begge disse lande vil mange af disse personer derfor sandsynligvis have ret til sygedagpenge, selv om de bliver syge hurtigt efter, at de er vendt tilbage til arbejdet.
For the extended benefit which follows (lasting from 3 months to 4'Λ years, depending on age and other factors), the normal requirement is that the employee must have received a wage for at least 52 days during at least 3 of the 5 years immediately preceding the unemployment, though special rules apply to those who have been caring for children.
I Danmark skal lønmodtagere have ar bejdet mindst 120 timer inden for de 13 uger, der går umiddelbart forud for sygdommen.
In calculating the 3 in 5 rule, all the period when caring for a child under 6 and half the period caring for a 6-12 year old are counted as employment.
I Frankrig, Belgien og Grækenland er reglerne for berettigelse de samme som for sygesikring, og de er ikke så vanskelige at opfylde i Frankrig, men giver større vanskeligheder i Grækenland og Belgien.
five days of registered unemployment. In Germany and the Netherlands, there are special provisions for those return­ing from caring for children, but these are not available to those caring for adults (see Box).
Nederlandene: For at få den grundlæggende arbejdsløshedsunderstøttelse, der udbetales i 6 måneder, skal personer, der har haft pasnings/plejeansvar, opfylde de samme regler som alle andre, dvs. 6 måneders arbejde umiddelbart før arbejdsløsheden.
In France, Belgium and Greece, the rules governing eligibility are the same as for health care which are not so difficult to fulfil in France, but present more difficulties in Greece and Belgium.
Ved beregningen af de 3 ud af 5 år, tæller hele perioden, hvor man har passet et barn under 6 år og halvdelen af perioden, hvor man har passet et barn på 6-12 år, som beskæftigelse.
In Ireland and the UK, the regulations are more complicated and so may be more difficult to satisfy (see Box).
Imidlertid findes der ingen lignende regel for personer, der har plejet handicappede eller svagelige voksne.
In both countries, it may be easier for those who have cared for adults to satisfy the requirements than those earin« for children.
I Irland og Storbritannien er reglerne både mere komplicerede og kan således være vanskeligere at opfylde (se kasse).
In Spain, receipt of earningsrelated benefit requires contributions to have been paid for 12 months over the preceding six years and in Denmark, full members of an unemployment fund need to have worked for 26 weeks in the last three years.
I begge lande kan det være lettere for dem, der har plejet voksne, at opfylde kravene end for dem, der har passet børn.
In both cases, many carers are likely to be able to meet these conditions.
Arbejdsløsheds understøttelse mindst 120 dage (mindst tre timer dagligt) i en periode på 6 måneder.
In Austria, there is a waiting period of 20 weeks to establish eligibility for benefit, while in Portugal, there must have been 540 days of earnings and contributions in the 24 months prior to unemployment.
I Grækenland kan de, der har orlov uden løn for at passe små børn, kun fortsætte med at være forsikrede, som anført ovenfor, hvis de betaler både deres eget og arbejdsgiverens bidrag, mens andre skal have arbejdet i mindst 50 dage (2 måneder) i året forud for sygdommen.
In Ireland the rules are the same as for sickness benefit. In the UK, a minimum num­ber of contributions must have been paid, and any additional credits needed must have been acquired, in the last two tax years.
I alle tre lande er de, der plejer voksne, mere udsatte end de, der passer børn.
In both coun­tries, credits relating to caring for children accrue only over the basic period of maternity leave (14 and 18 weeks, respectively), but there is a greater opportunity to acquire credits for longer periods of caring for adults.
Sygedagpenge pasning og pleje, mens problemerne i de resterende tre er mere eller mindre graverende.
In Belgium and Greece, some of the provisions for leave from work en­able the carer to remain insured and so qualify for unemployment benefits.
I Frankrig bevarer to grupper deres rettigheder til social beskyttelse — de, der har to eller flere børn, og som har fået ydelser under forældreorlovsordningen, og personer, der plejer voksne, hvor disse betaler de pågældende ud af deres handicapydelse, hvilket gør, at de på gældende bevarer deres forsikringsstatus. Alle andre skal have arbejdet mindst 60 timer eller have tjent 60 gange minimumstimelønnen i løbet af en periode på en måned.
Where provisions do not apply, however — which is likely to be in most cases for those looking after adults — carers must meet the normal qualifying conditions (in Greece, 300 days of work, in Belgium, 312-624 days, depending on age).
I Belgien bevarer de, der er dækket af en karriereafbrydelsesordning på samme måde deres sygesikring, mens andre, herunder de, der var nødt til at fortsætte plejen efter kaniereafbrydelsens udløb, skal have arbejdet
Qualifying conditions for receipt of unemployment benefit if a person loses a job soon after returning to work tend to present more of a problem.
I en række medlemsstater er der in gen karensperiode, før man får ret til sygedagpenge. Det er Sverige, Østrig, Luxembourg, Tyskland, Finland, Italien og Nederlandene. I
eaving aside pensions based on rights as a resident national,
Dette er ikke tilfældet i Finland, hvor der udbetales arbejdsløsheds understøttelse efter fem dages regi streret arbejdsløshed. I Tyskland og Nederlandene er der særlige bestem-
This is not the case in Finland, where unemployment benefit is paid after
Fra januar 1994 kan lønmodtagere med mindst fem års bidrag:
Starting from January 1994, employees with at least five years of contributions can: contributions over the whole of a working career.
- få en pensionsgodtgørelse på fem måneder for børn født før beskæftigelsesperioden; gelsesperioden;
• gain a pension credit of five months for children born prior to employment;
- få en pensionsgodtgørelse med frivillige bidrag i yderligere 6 måneder (hvilket svarer til den normale supplerende barselsorlov) for børn født før beskæftigelsesperioden;
• gain a pension credit, with voluntary contributions, for 6 further months (equivalent to the normal additional maternity leave) for children bom prior to employment;
- få en maksimumsgodtgørelse på 5 år med frivillige bidrag for perioder med pleje af voksne handicappede, inklusive perioder uden for arbejds styrken.
• gain a maximum credit of five years, with voluntary contributions, for periods of care for adult disabled people, including periods outside the labour force.
Fra 1995 vil det være muligt:
From 1995, it will be possible:
I Belgien og Grækenland sætter nogle af bestemmelserne om orlov fra arbejdet orlovstageren i stand til at vedblive med at være forsikret og således være berettiget til arbejdsløshedsunderstøttelse.
• to claim notional credits towards pensions in respect of absences from work for caring for a child of under 6, of 6 months for each child up to a maximum of 24 months in all;
at kræve teoretiske godtgørelser med henblik på pension for arbejdsfravær vedrørende pasning af et barn under 6 år på 6 måneder for hvert barn op til et loft på i alt 24 måneder;
• to claim pension credits for up to 28 months, for absence from work for periods of care for children over 6, a spouse or an invalid parent living at home;
- at kræve pensionsgodtgørelser i op til 28 måneder for arbejdsfravær i perioder med pasning af børn over 6 år, en ægtefælle eller en invalid slægtning, der bor i hjemmet;
In some countries, there are provisions for voluntary contributions to be paid to cover career breaks, but if these have to be paid during periods of non-earning, they may not be affordable. dable.
- for arbejdende mødre at få nedsat pensionsalderen med 4 måneder for hvert barn op til maksimalt 12 måneder, eller alternativt hvis hun går på pension ved den normale pensionsalder, en højere pension;
• for working mothers to receive a concession on the age of retirement of four months for each child up to a maximum of 12 months or, alternatively, if they retire at the normal age, a higher pension;
- for husmødre at komme ind under en ny, frivillig, men statsstøttet pensionsordning.
• for housewives to belong to a new voluntary, but subsidised, pension scheme.
der være betalt et minimumsbeløb i bidrag, og eventuelle andre godtgørelser skal være erhvervet inden for de sidste to år.
There are, however, two features of pension provision in Member States which moderate the effect of caring on pensions.
I begge lande optjenes der kun godtgørelse for børnepasning i den grundlæggende barselsorlovsperiode (henholdsvis 14 og 18 uger), men derer større mulighed for at opnå godtgørelse for længere periodermed pleje af voksne.
The first is the existence of a basic pension receivable by right through citizenship. The second is the existence of measures aimed at reducing the disadvantage carers are likely to suffer.
Beskyttelse af alderspension
Pensions paid by right
Hvis pensionerne er indkomstbestemte og beregnes på grundlag af indtægterne i løbet af en menneskealder, vil det beløb, der udbetales, blive nedsat, ikke kun hvis der er arbejdet færre timer, men måske også, hvis der er arbejdet på deltid.
In some Member States, retirement pensions of carers may be much less affected than in others by caring, simply because of the way pension entitlement is calculated.
I nogle lande er der mulighed for at indbetale frivillige bidrag til dækning af karriereafbrydelser, men det kan blive for dyrt, hvis disse skal betales i perioder uden indtægter.
In Spain, the pension is calculated on earnings over the last 8 years of work, which is beneficial for those who took time off for caring responsibilities early in their working life, but detrimental for those who were not employed or worked parttime late in their work ing careers.
ortset fra pensioner baseret på rettigheder som borger i et land,
In Portugal, pensions are calculated on the basis of the best 10 years earnings in the last 15 years of work, a rule which by enabling low earnings years to be dropped tends to help carers who have had to spend some time in parttime work, though
I Spanien skal der være betalt bidrag i 12 måneder i løbet af de foregående seks år, for at man kan få indkomstafhængig understøttelse, og i Danmark skal fuld gyldige medlemmer af en arbejdsløs hedskasse have arbejdet i 26 uger inden for de seneste tre år.
In four Member States, Sweden, Netherlands, Finland and Denmark, a basic pension is payable to all resident nationals, inespective of whether and how long they have worked. The pension, however, is set at a minimum level, though sufficient to meet basic needs.
I begge tilfælde vil mange, der har passet/plejet familiemedlemmer, sandsynligvis kunne opfylde disse betingelser.
In all four countries, supplementary earningsrelated pensions exist to increase retirement income, but missed years of contributions or periods of working parttime will re duce the amount payable, and provisions to offset these adverse effects are limited.
I Østrig er der en karensperiode på 20 uger, før man får ret til understøttelse, mens man i Portugal skal have haft en indtægt i 540 dage og betalt bidrag i 24 måneder forud for arbejdsløs heden.
In Sweden where an earningsrelated benefit is payable during parental leave and for short periods of caring for adults, this is counted as pensionable income and so helps to increase earningsrelated amounts.
I Irland er reglerne de samme som for sygedagpenge.
In January 1997, rules are due to come into effect under which married couples will be able to elect to divide annual pension credits between each other.
I Storbritannien skal forudsætter erhvervelse af fuld pen sion i de fleste lande normalt betaling af bidrag gennem hele et kanierefor-
In Finland also, leave for early child care does not serve to reduce the earnings used to calculate pensions and the pension rights of those receiving the Home Care allowance are protected.
Der er imidlertid to foranstaltninger i forbindelse med pensionsordninger
A long period of absence from work over and above the parental leave period can, however, lead to a break in pension insurance for both employees and the selfemployed (though as noted below there are other rules which help those who have been caring for children).
Kapitel 7-Social beskyttelse og ansvar forpleje
Chapter 7 - Social protection and caring responsibilities
Home Responsibilities Protection blev indført i 1978 for personer, der ikke havde nogen indtægt, eller tjente for lidt til at skulle betale bidrag til den nationale sygesikring, forudsat at: over forældreorlovsperioden kan imidlertid føre til en afbrydelse i pen sionsforsikringen både for lønmodtagere og selvstændige (skønt der, som det anføres nedenfor, er andre regler, der hjælper dem. der har passet børn).
Home Responsibilities Protection (HRP) was introduced in 1978 for those not earning or earning below the level of liability for National Insurance contributions, provided that:
— de i et helt skatteår har været hovedmodtager af børnetilskud til et barn under 16 år, eller
• throughout a full tax year they are the main payee for Child Benefit drawn in respect of a child under 16, or are entitled to drop from the calculation of the oldage (contributor)') pension for years after 1994 (up to a maximum of 20) complete contribution years spent caring either for a child under 6 (soon to be 12) on a fulltime basis or foran adult requiring fulltime care and attention, so long as, in both cases, they reside with the person in question.
— de i et helt skatteår modtager indkomststøtte, uden at det kræves, at de står til rådighed for arbejdsmarkedet, fordi de passer en syg eller handicappet person, der modtager den højeste eller mellemste Disability Living Allowance, Attendance Allowance eller Constant Attendance Allowance, eller
Attendance Allowance or Constant Attendance Allowance, or
— de regelmæssigt, og mindst 35 timer om ugen, passer en person, der mindst 48 uger om året modtager den højeste eller mellemste Disability Living Allowance, Attendance Allowance eller Constant Attendance Allowance.
• they are regularly caring for at least 35 hours a week for a person receiving, for a minimum of 48 weeks in a year, the highest or middle rate of the Disability Living Allowance care component, the Attendance Allowance or Constant Attendance Allowance.
For hvert HRP-år nedsættes antallet af rettighedsgivende år for at opnå fuld grundpension, men ikke under 20 rettighedsgivende år.
For each year of HRP, the number of qualifying years for a full basic retirement pension are reduced but not below 20 qualifying years.
På nuværende tidspunkt er det maksimale antal HRP-år for en kvinde 19 og for en mand 24, men når pensionsalderen bliver den samme, nemlig 65 år, vil HRP-rettighedeme blive de samme, nemlig 22 år.
At present, the maximum number of HRP years for a woman is 19 and for a man 24, but when pension ages are equalised at 65. HRP rights will be equalised at 22 years.
HRP-årene tæller med i de krav, der skal opfyldes for at få enkepension.
The years of HRP count towards the requirements for a widow's pension.
i medlemsstaterne, der modererer virkningen af pleje og pasning på pensionerne. Den første er, at der findes en grundpension, hvortil der er hverves ret gennem borgerskab.
In addition, in the UK, where as from 1999, the State supplementary pension will be calculated on lifetime earnings instead of the best 20 years, carers will be entitled to exclude years of HRP from the calculation, so long as 20 years of actual contributions after 1978 have been made.
Den anden er, at der findes foranstaltninger med henblik på at reducere de ulemper, som de pågældende sandsynligvis vil lide under.
Moreover after 1999, the meanstested benefits for low earners — Family Credit and Disability Living Allowance — will be counted as earnings in the calculation of pensions which could help lowpaid part-lime workers, especially lone parents.
I nogle medlemsstater kan pensionerne for de personer, der passer/plejer familiemedlemmer, blive langt mindre påvirket afpasning/pleje end i andre simpelthen på grund af den måde, hvorpå pensionsretten beregnes.
introduced in 1992, strengthened the position of carers of both children and adults, in part by allowing voluntary contributions which can be paid when earning has resumed (see Box).
Rettigheder til pension
Dropping caring years from the pension calculation
I Sverige hvor der udbetales en ind komstafhængig ydelse under forældreorlov og i korte perioder med pleje af voksne, tæller dette med som pensionsberettigende indtægt, hvilket således bidrager til at øge det indkomstafhængige beløb.
In the UK, under the Home Responsibilities Protection (HRP) provisions, and more recently in Ireland, carers can drop the years spent look ing after someone from the calculation of pension entitlement and can also acquire contribution credits where receiving benefit for caring for a disabled or infirm adult (see Box).
I januar 1997 vil der træde nye bestemmelser i kraft, i henhold til hvilke gifte par kan vælge at dele de årlige pensionsgodtgørelser.
In Finland, earningsrelated pensions are calculated on the four last years of employment and if these include a year in which maternity, paternity or child care leave has been taken, it is dropped from the calculation.
I Finland nedsætter orlov til pasning af små børn ikke den indkomst, der anvendes ved beregning af pensioner, og pensionsrettighederne for dem, der modtager hjemmeplejeydelse beskyttes.
In Italy, the pension calculations are based on the number of pensionable years (with no distinction between full and parttime work) and on aver age earnings over the last ten years of work.
I fire medlemsstater — Sverige, Nederlandene, Finland og Danmark — udbetales der en grundpension til alle statsborgere med bopæl i landet, uanset om og hvor længe de har arbejdet.
In a number of Member States, con tributions are maintained during periods of time off work for caring.
Pensionen er imidlertid fastsat til et minimumsniveau, selv om den er tilstrækkelig til at opfylde basale behov.
In Luxembourg, where the basic qualification fora pension is 10years of contributions, the State pays con tributions on behalf of a parent caring for a young child for a period of 24 months (48 months where there are at least two children or the child is disabled, provided that the person concerned has been insured for at least 12 of the 36 months before the birth).
I alle fire lande findes der indkomstbestemte tillægspensioner, der øger pensionsind-
In addition, periods during which one of the parents was caring
I Italien er pensions beregningerne baseret på antallet af pensionsgivende år (uden at skelne mellem fuldlids- og deltidsarbejde) og på den gennemsnitlige indkomst i
In Ireland, since 1994, those of 65 and under not in paid work, or in low paid work not covered by social insurance,
Foranstaltninger til sikring af pensioner i Østrig og Frankrig
Provisions to protect pensions in Austria and France for one or more children under 6 (or under 18 if the child is at least 50% disabled) or, in some cases, years spent looking after an adult who needs care, can be counted as part of the 40 years required for a full pension. sion.
Østrig: De 48 måneder efter et barns fødsel behandles som "erstatningsperioder" i pensionsforsikring.
Austria: the 48 months after a child is born are treated as 'substitutional' periods for pension insurance.
For at beregne pensionen fastsættes en teoretisk indtægt på ca. 450 ECU som et grundlag, der vurderes på ny hvert år.
To calculate the pension, a notional income of some 450 ECU a week is set as a base and revalued every year.