natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den anfører bl.a., at retssikkerhedsprincippet indebærer, at alle foranstaltninger, som fællesskabsinstitutionerne træffer, skal baseres på et rationelt og objektivt grundlag, idet Domstolens kontrol i denne forbindelse, under hensyn til de beføjelser, som Rådet har fået tillagt ved gennemførelsen af den fælles landbrugspolitik, er begrænset til en konstatering af, at den pågældende foranstaltning ikke er behæftet med klare fejl, eller at der i forbindelse med den ikke forekommer magtfordrejning eller at den pågældende myndighed ikke klart overskrider grænserne for sine vurderingsbeføjelser.
The principle of proportionality meant that the lawfulness of prohibiting a particular economic activity was conditional upon the prohibition measures being appropriate and essential to the achievement of their legitimate objectives, bearing in mind that, where a choice had to be made between a number of appropriate measures, the least onerous should be selected and the resultant disadvantages should not be disproportionate to the aims in
Dette påhviler de nationale domstole, eventuelt efter at de ved en præjudiciel kendelse fra EF-Domstolen har indhentet de nødvendige oplysninger om rækkevidden og fortolkningen af fællesskabsretten.
That fell within the jurisdiction of the national courts, which could first, if need be, refer to the Court for a preliminary ruling to settle any questions concerning the scope and interpretation of Community law.λ
Flere fiskeri virksomheder anfægtede foreneligheden med del II i loven af 1988 med fællesskabsretten for de britiske domstole, idet de mente, at deres skibe ville miste retten til
Since their vessels failed to meet one or more of the new conditions of registration and therefore faced the prospect of being no longer allowed to engage in fishing from 1 April 1989, a number of fishing companies challenged the compatibility of Part II of the 1988 Act with Community law in the British courts ; they also applied for interim relief to be granted until such time as judgment was given on their application for judicial review.
') Dom af 22. marts 1990, sag C-347/87, Triveneta Zuccheri SpA m.fl. mod Kommissionen (EFT C 105 af 27.4.1990).
The case eventually reached the House of Lords, which asked the Court of Justice whether a national court which, in a case before it involving a question of interpretation of Community law, considered that the sole obstacle precluding it from granting interim relief was a rule of national law must set aside that rule.
) Dom af 22. februar 1990, sag C-221/88, EKSF mod Bussseni SpA (EFT C 92 af 11.4.1990), nr. 1028 i denne beretning.
In its judgment, the Court of Justice, having pointed out the implications for the national courts of the direct applicability and primacy of Community law, found
Den fulde nyttevirkning af fællesskabsretten ville også blive svækket tilsvarende, såfremt en national retsregel kunne afskære den retsinstans, der behandler en sag vedrørende fællesskabsretten, fra at anordne foreløbige forholdsregler med henblik på at sikre den fulde virkning af den afgørelse, den skal træffe med hensyn til, om der består rettigheder, der kan gøres gældende i henhold til fællesskabsretten.
The full effectiveness of Community law could be just as much impaired if a rule of national law could prevent a court seized of a dispute governed by Community law from granting interim relief in order to ensure the full effectiveness of the judgment to be given on the existence of the rights claimed under Community law.r
Der skal nu, hvor talen er om retsbevarende foranstaltninger, gøres opmærksom på sag C-217/881), hvori problemet rejses om den eventuelle suspensive virkning af et søgsmål, som privatpersoner anlægger for nationale domstole mod en administrativ bestemmelse fastsat på grundlag af fællesskabsretten.
Again in the matter of interim measures, note should be taken of Case C-217/88, which raised the question of the suspensory effect of actions brought by individuals in the national courts against administrative acts based on Community law.
Retten fandt, at Forbundsrepublikken Tysklands afvisning af at gennemføre foranstaltningerne til obligatorisk destillation af bordvin ved ikke at bringe nationale tvangsmidler i anvendelse (udlæg) i tilfælde af, at de pågældende nægter at levere bordvinen, er i modstrid med artikel 5 i EØF-Traktaten og med artikel 64, stk. 1, i forordning nr. 337/792).
The Court held that the failure of the Federal Republic of Germany to use the coercive measures available under German law (immediate enforcement) against producers who had refused to deliver table wine for compulsory distillation was contrary to Article 5 of the EEC Treaty and Article 64(1) of regulation No 337/79 on the common organization of the market in wine.2 The objective of the compulsory distillation measures could only be attained if they were implemented within a specific time-scale (which, in the case in point, had been determined by the Commission) and it was therefore incumbent on Member States to take whatever measures were necessary to ensure that producers delivered their wine for distillation within the period prescribed, even where the producers concerned had successfully brought an action in the national courts to suspend the enforcement of notices of liability for compulsory distillation.3
') Dom af 10. juli 1990. sag C-217/88, Kommissionen mod Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland (EFT C 193
The Court held that in such a case it was necessary to ensure that Community law had the same effect in all the Member States in order to prevent disparities in the interpretation of Community law in cases in which its
Artikel 1 i protokollen om privilegier og immuniteter indeholder netop bestemmelser, der skal hindre dette.
VTI­1 application was directly at issue.
) besluttede Domstolen, at en national domstol, der behandler en sag, der henhører under anvendelsesområdet for Rådets direktiv 68/15l/EØF4), skal fortolke de nationale retsforskrifter i lyset af direktivets ordlyd og formål, hvis den vil forhindre, at et aktieselskab erklæres ugyldigt stiftet på grund af et andet forhold end de i direktivets artikel 11 nævnte.
In Marleasing the Court ruled that a national court called on to determine a dispute in a matter falling within the sphere of application of Council Directive 68/151/EEC2is obliged to interpret its national law in the light of the wording and purpose of that Directive in order to prevent the nullity of a limited liability company from being declared on a ground other than those listed in Article 11 thereof.
(EFT C 199 af 8.8.1990). :) Dom af 8. november 1990, sag C-231/89, Krystyna Gmurzynska-Bscher mod Oberfinanzdirektion
Proceedings were brought before the Court in 73 cases (108 in 1989).
Fortolkning og anvendelse af fællesskabsrettens materielle regler
Section 2
Domstolen tog i sin dom af 20 marts1) afstand fra den italienske ordning med regionale præferencer, hvorved 30 % af offentlige leveringskontrakter i Italien ifølge italiensk lovgivning forbeholdes virksomheder med hjemsted i Mezzogiornoområdet.
In Du Pont de Nemours Italiana ν unità Sanitaria Locale No 2 di Carraca1the Court found against the Italian system of regional preferences, which reserves 30% of public supply contracts to firms in the Mezzogiorno.
Domstolen statuerede for første gang i sin dom af 7. marts2), at nationale bestemmelser, der indeholder et forbud mod, at der reklameres på samme måde for importerede produkter og indenlandske produkter, er i modstrid med artikel 30.
In GB Inno BM ν Confédération du Commerce Luxembourgeois2the Court held, for the first time, that legislation prohibiting a method of advertising that applied without distinction to domestic and imported products was incompatible with Article 30.
FORTOLKNING OG ANVENDELSE AF FÆLLESSKABSRETTENS MATERIELLE REGLER 441 den forretningsdrivende til at ændre eller opgive en bestemt reklameform, men statuerer endeligt, at den pågældende lovgivning er rimelig som følge af det absolutte krav om forbrugerbeskyttelse.
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION PF THE SUBSTANTIVE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW
Den har således erindret om, at medlemsstaterne kun kan træffe beskyttelsesforanstaltninger inden for de begrænsninger, som harmoniseringsdirektivet sætter, når harmoniseringen af sundhedsbeskyttelsesforan- staltningerne og tilpasningen af fællesskabskontrolprocedurerne til overholdelse heraf fastsættes i et fællesskabsdirektiv vedtaget i medfør af EØF-Traktatens artikel 100.
Where a Community directive provides, pursuant to Article 100, for the harmonization of health protection measures and lays down Community procedures for its enforcement, Member States are entitled to adopt protective measures only within the limits specified in the directive.
2) EFT L 103 af 25.4.1979 og Trettende Almindelige Beretning, nr. 281.
25.4.1979; Thirteenth General Report, point 281. OJ C 198, 7.8.1990.
4) Dom af 25. januar 1977, sag 46/76, Bauhuis (Sml. 1977, s. 5).
Case 45/76 Bauhuis v Netherlands Slate [1977] ECR 5.
Dom af 13. november 1990, sag C-269/89, Bonfait BV (EFT C 307 af 7.12.1990).
Case C-269/89 (OJ C 307, 7.12.1990). Case C-277/87 (OJ C 28, 7.2.1990). OJ C 61, 10.3.1990.
Domstolen afviste ved dom af 21. marts3) klagen fra Belgien med henblik på annullering af Kommissionens beslutning 87/418/EØF4), hvori det fastslås, at den finansielle støtte, der under forskellige former ydes af Belgien til Tubemeuse, er ulovlig på grund af, at proceduren i Traktatens artikel 93, stk. 3, ikke er overholdt, og den som følge deraf er uforenelig med fællesmarkedet som omhandlet i Traktatens artikel 92 og derfor bør tilbagebetales.
In Case C-142/87 Belgium ν Commission1cation for the annulment of Decision 87/418/EEC, the Court rejected Belgium's appli­2 in which the Commission found that the various forms of assistance which the Belgian Government had granted to Tubemeuse were unlawful because the procedure laid down in Article 93(3) of the Treaty had not been observed and because the aid was incompatible with the common market within the meaning of Article 92 and should therefore be recovered.
Domstolen fandt ved sin vurdering af, om de offentlige myndigheders kapitaltilskud til Tubemeuse skulle betragtes som statsstøtte, at det var relevant at anvende det kriterium, om virksomheden kunne opnå det pågældende beløb på kapitalmarkedet, hvilket i det foreliggende tilfælde var lidet sandsynligt i betragtning af virksomhedens rentabilitetsvanskeligheder.
Of this there was 'little likelihood', given Tubemeuse's lack of profit-making capacity. The aid in question could affect competition between Community businesses in the relevant market even if Tubemeuse did export almost its entire output to non-member countries, given the interdependence of the markets on which Community businesses operated and the general context of crisis and recession (and, therefore, keener competition) on the world market for seamless tubes at the material time.
Domstolen mindede i denne forbindelse om, at det forhold, at en støtte er relativ beskeden eller en virksomhed af forholdsvis ringe størrelse ikke på forhånd udelukker, at samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne berøres.
Tetra Pak's main argument was that it was a manifest contradiction for the Commission to prohibit under Article 86 conduct which it had declared compatible with Article 85 and that this constituted an improper assessment of the relationship between Articles 85 and 86.
Dom af 14. februar 1990. sag C-301/87, Frankrig mod Kommissionen (EFT C 61 af 10.3.1990).
According to the Court, firms should assume that, as a rule, any aid which has not been notified to the Commission will have to be repaid.
Ifølge Domstolen må en virksomhed generelt vente, at en ikke-anmeldt støtte skal tilbagebetales.
Only in exceptional cases may firms contest the repayment order on grounds of legitimate expectations.
Den kan ikke over for en beslutning om tilbagebetaling påberåbe sig god tro med hensyn til, at støtten er ydet korrekt, fordi det normalt er muligt for den at sikre sig, at proceduren efter EØF-Traktatens artikel 93 er blevet overholdt.
Member States, in any event, are never entitled to invoke the legitimate expectations of the recipients of aid as grounds for non­compliance with a Commission decision ordering its repayment, irrespective of any national rules concerning such matters.
Under alle omstændigheder kan medlemsstaterne aldrig påberåbe god tro hos modtagerne af støtten med henblik på at unddrage sig et krav fra Kommissionen om tilbagebetaling, uanset om der består internretlige bestemmelser herfor.
In this particular case the German Govern­ment, having infringed Article 93(3) of the Treaty, was not entitled to rely on Baden­Württemberg legislation on the protection of acquired rights in order to free itself from its obligation.
Fri bevægelighed for personer - sociale anliggender - kapitalbevægelser
Free movement of persons, social provisions and capital movements
Domstolen bestemte i sag C-113/89 3) vedrørende arbejdstagere, der midlertidigt for en tjenesteydende virksomheds regning er sendt til det land, hvor tjenesteydelsen præsteres, og som derefter vender tilbage til oprindelseslandet efter færdiggørelsen
In Rush Portuguesa ν Office national d'immigration ' the Court held that, where workers employed by a firm providing services are temporarily moved to the Member State in which the services are to be provided and then return to their country of origin on completion of their duties, the provisions of the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal2whereby the other Member States may make access to employment and immigration subject to prior authorization are not applicable.
') Dom af 10. juli 1990, sag T-51/89, Tetra Pak Rausing SA mod Kommissionen (EFT C 193 af 2.8.1990).
When workers are temporarily relocated in this way, it is the rules on freedom to provide services which must apply.
2) Dom af 20. september 1990, sag C-5/89, Kommissionen mod Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland (EFT C 261 af 16.10.1990). 3) Dom af 27. marts 1990, sag C-113/89, Rush Portuguesa mod Office national d'immigration, EFT C 118 af 12.5.1990.
The freedom to provide services (in this case, in the building and public works industry) must be fully operative in the case of Portugal from the time of accession to the Community.
Dog skal modtagelsesmedlemsstaten kunne kontrollere, om en portugisisk virksomhed, der er involveret i bygge- og anlægsarbejder eller offentlige arbejder, ikke benytter den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser til et andet formål, f,eks. til at tilkalde personale med henblik på ansættelse eller at stille arbejdstagere til rådighed i modstrid med tiltrædelsesaktens artikel 216.
Nevertheless, the host Member State must be able to check whether a Portuguese construction firm is not availing itself of the freedom to provide services for another purpose — for example, to enable its staff to travel for the purpose of being taken on as workers in breach of Article 216 of the Act of Accession.
I øvrigt præciserede Domstolen, at fællesskabsretten ikke modsætter sig, at medlemsstaterne udvider deres lovgivning eller kollektive overenskomster indgået mellem arbejdmarkedets parter til samtlige personer, der udfører lønnet arbejde, endog midlertidigt, på deres område, uanset arbejdsgiverens hjemland. Fællesskabsretten forbyder heller ikke medlemsstaterne, at de ved passende midler søger disse regler overholdt.
Finally, the Court held that Community law did not preclude Member States from extending their legis­lation or the collective bargaining agreements concluded by labour and employers to any person in paid employment, even of a temporary nature, on their territory, irrespective of the country in which the employer was established ; Community law did not prohibit Member States from requiring observance of these rules by appropriate means.
Domstolen statuerede i sin dom af 13. november '), at retten til lige behandling, der i henhold til artikel 12, i forordning (EØF) nr. 1612/682) om arbejdskraf tens frie bevægelighed inden for Fællesskabet på uddannelsesområdet indrømmes børn af EF-arbejdstagere, ligeledes kan gøres gældende, når uddannelsen gives i en anden medlemsstat end værtsmedlemsstaten og især i den medlemsstat, hvor barnet er statsborger.
In Di Leo ν Land Berlin2the Court held that the right to equality of treatment, as provided for in Article 12 of Regulation No 1612/68 on freedom of movement for workers within the Community,1 must also be extended to a child who follows a training course outside the host country — in particular, in the Member State of which he or she is a national. The Court based its ruling mainly on the purpose of the Regulation — freedom of movement for workers.
Domstolen udledte hovedsagelig denne konklusion af målsætningen for forordning (EØF) nr. 1612/68, dvs. af arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed, idet det herfor kræves, for at den kan gennemføres under overholdelse af frihed og værdighed, at optimale integrationsbetingelser for EF-arbejdstagerens familie i værtslandet er opfyldt.
If this was to be guaranteed without any infringement of individual liberty or dignity, the families of Community workers had to be integrated as fully as possible into the society of the host country. And this in turn required that the children of Community workers living with their family in a Member State other than their own had to be able to choose their course of studies on the same terms as children who were nationals of that Member State.
For at en sådan integrering kan lykkes, må et barn af en EF-arbejdstager, der med sin familie bor i værtsmedlemsstaten, have mulighed for at vælge studier på samme vilkår som et barn, der er statsborger i denne medlemsstat. stat.
3 which related to the payment
For så vidt angår børnetilskud til arbejdstagere, der flytter inden for Fælles skabet, har Domstolen i dom af 13. november3) afgjort et spørgsmål om fortolkning af artikel 99 i forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71 4), som ændret ved Rådets forordning EØF) nr. 2001/83 5) og af artikel 60 i akten om Spaniens og Portugals tiltrædelse af Fællesskabet og om tilpasning af Traktaterne6).
In Yáñez-Campoy ν Bundesanstalt für Arbeit, of family allowances to workers moving from one Community country to another, the Court ruled on the interpretation of Article 99 of Regulation No 1408/71,4 as amended by Regulation No 2001/835and by Article 60 of the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal.6 The issue arose from the fact that the Court's judgment in Pinna ν Caisse d'allocations familiales de la Savoie7had invalidated Article 73(2) of Regulation No 1408/71.
Dette spørgsmål var opstået på grund af dommen af 15 januar 19867), hvorefter artikel 73, stk. 2, i forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71 blev ugyldiggjort.
The Court held that the uniform solution for all Member States, as referred to in Article 99 of Regulation No 1408/71 and in Article 60 of the Act of Accession (on
FORTOLKNING OG ANVENDELSE AF FÆLLESSKABSRETTENS MATERIELLE REGLER 447
Once Article 73(2) of Regulation No 1408/71 had been declared void, the system laid down in Article 73(1) for the payment of family allowances became generally applicable, the Council having failed to adopt new rules under Article 51 of the EEC Treaty.
I sag C-30/89l) vedrørte konflikten spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt Frankrig skulle stille et beløb som egne indtægter til disposition for Kommissionen svarende til den del af transporten mellem sit nationale territorium og Korsikas departementer, der foretages i eller over internationalt farvand.
In Case C-30/89 Commission ν France1the Court had to decide whether France was obliged to make available to the Commission, as own resources, the VAT on that part of the transport service between mainland France and Corsica which is provided in or above international waters.
Domstolen fandt, at den eneste forpligtelse, som sjette direktiv2) pålægger medlemsstaterne med hensyn til beskat ning af transportydelser er, at de skal afgiftsbelægge ydelser, der udføres på disse staters territorium.
The Court held that the only obligation which the sixth Directive2 placed on the Member States as regards the taxation of transport services was that they should subject to taxation the services provided within their territorial limits.
Domstolen afsluttede i sin dom af 17. maj3), en gammel debat, idet den besluttede, at ydelser under (overenskomstmæssige) erhvervsbetingede sociale sikringsordninger henhører under anvendelsesområdet for EØF-Traktatens artikel 119 med samtlige konsekvenser, dette indebærer (direkte »horisontal« virkning; absolut anvendelse af reglen om ligebehandlingen uden mulighed for undtagelse), såfremt der er tale om godtgørelser, som arbejdsgiveren udbetaler arbejdstageren på grundlag af beskæftigelsesforholdet.
In Barber ν Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group3the Court resolved a long-standing dispute by ruling that benefits payable under contracted-out occupational schemes constituted consideration paid by the employer to the worker in respect of his employment and consequently fell within the scope of Article 119 of the EEC Treaty, with all the consequences which this entailed (direct 'horizontal' effect ; full application of the principle of equal treatment, with no possibility of derogation).
2) EFT C 145 af 13.6.1977, EFT C 149 af 17.6.1977 og Ellevte Almindelige Beretning, nr. 219. 3) Dom af 17. maj 1990, sag C-262/89, Barber mod Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group (EFT
OJ L 145, 13.6.1977; OJ L 149, 17.6.1977; Eleventh General Report, point 219.
VII­2 stolen med dom af 27 juni '), at en sådan overenskomst, hvorved arbejdsgiverne kan opretholde en samlet lønforskel mellem to kategorier af arbejdstagere, nemlig arbejdstagere, der udfører et minimumsantal arbejdstimer om ugen eller om måne­den, og arbejdstagere, der udfører samme arbejde, men som ikke udfører dette minimumsantal af arbejdstimer, fører til forskelsbehandlung af kvindelige arbejds­tagere i forhold til mandlige, fordi det viser sig, at en betydelig mindre procentdel mænd end kvinder arbejder på deltid.
In Kowalska ν Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg1the Court was asked by the Hamburg Arbeitsgericht to rule whether a collective agreement whereby a temporary severance grant could be paid only to full-time workers was compatible with Article 119 of the EEC Treaty. The Court held that an agreement which enabled employers to maintain different overall pay levels for two categories of workers, namely those who worked the minimum number of hours per week or per month and those who, although doing the same job, did not work that minimum number of hours, amounted to de facto discrimination between men and women workers, since 'a considerably lower percentage of men than of women work part-time.'
Efter dommen af 8 november2) er det ifølge Rådets direktiv 76/207/EØF3) om gennemførelse af princippet om ligestilling af mænd og kvinder for så vidt angår adgang til beskæftigelse, erhvervsudannelse, forfremmelse samt arbejdsvilkår en direkte forskelsbehandling på grundlag af køn, at afskedige en gravid kvindelig arbejdstager og at nægte at ansætte en gravid kvinde.
In Dekker ν VJV-Centrum Plus2the Court held that, under Directive 76/207/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions,3the refusal to engage a female worker because of her pregnancy constituted direct discrimination on grounds of sex, in the same way as the dismissal of a pregnant woman.
Derimod fandt Domstolen i sag C 179/884), at afskedigelse af en kvindelig arbejdstager på grund af gentaget sygdomsfravær, der ikke skyldtes graviditet eller nedkomst, men som var en følge af en sygdom, der var forårsaget af graviditeten eller nedkomsten, ikke var en direkte forskelbehandling på grundlag af køn.
In Handels- of Kontorfunktionaerernes Forbund i Danmark v Dansk Arbejdsgiv­ erforening,4 on the other hand, the Court ruled that the dismissal of a female worker because of repeated absences resulting not simply from pregnancy or confinement but from an illness due to pregnancy or confinement did not constitute direct discrimination on grounds of sex.