natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
De udspringer af den generelle preferenceordning, som vedrører mere end 128 ud viklingslandene, samt Lomé-Konventionen, som forbinder Fællesskabet med 66 stater i Afrika, Vestindien og Stillehavet (AVS).
They originate from the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which covers more than 128 developing countries, and from the Lomé Convent ion, which associates 66 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries with the Community.
Inden for rammerne af den generelle preferenceordning er mere end 400 landbrugsprodukter, der er forarbejdet eller forberedt til forarbejdning helt eller delvis fritaget for afgifter.
Under the GSP, duties on more than 400 processed or ready-to-be-processed agricultural products are abolished or reduced.
I forbindelse med Lomé-Konventionen kommer næsten samtlige produkter fra AVS-landene ind i Fællesskabet, uden at der betales told og afgifter.
Under the Lomé Convention, almost all products from ACP states are exempted from customs duties when imported into the Community.
Det er klart at disse ordninger - bestemmelserne for den interne forvaltning af landbrugsmarkederne og dem, der anvendes for import - har bidraget til at regulere for syningerne og stabilisere markederne.
Clearly, all these measures - both the internal regulation of agricultural markets and measures applied to imports - have helped to regulate supplies and stabilize markets.
Uden disse ordninger ville der være kraftige forskydninger i udbuddet og hermed voldsomme prissvingninger, hvilke hverken landbrugere eller forbrugere er interesseret i.
Their absence would cause significant variations in supply, leading to sudden price fluctuations, a situation which neither farmers nor consumers would want to see.
Rimelige forbrugerpriser
Reasonable consumer prices
- at de priser, der betales til landbrugerne stiger lang sommere end de samlede priser for forbrugsgoder (2.1.),
Very often, consumers do not realise that on the Community market: the prices paid to farmers go up much more slowly than the prices of consumer goods as a whole (2.1); food prices are no higher than in the other OECD member countries (2.2).
- at priserne på levnedsmidler ikke er højere end i de Øvrige OECD-lande (2.2.)
2.1 The rise in agricultural prices is well below the rate of inflation
Før man ser på udviklingen af landbrugspriserne, bør man gøre sig klart, at der må skelnes mellem produktionsprisen - den pris der betales til producenten mod levering af dennes produktion - og forbrugerprisen - den pris forbrugeren betaler for at få et produkt.
Before examining trends in agriculural prices, it is necessary to draw attention to the distinction between farm prices (the prices paid to the producer for his products) and consumer prices (the prices paid by consumers for products).
Det er et faktum at priserne til produktionen påvirker priserne til forbruget, men de bestemmer dem ikke.
Farm prices certainly do affect consumer prices, but they are not the decisive factor.
Den del af landbrugsproduktionen, der direkte udveksles mellem producenten og forbrugeren er blevet en meget lille del.
The proportion of agricultural produce which is sold directly from the producer to the consumer is now extremely small.
Generelt omfatter forbrugerpriserne omkostninger til forarbejdning, emballage, transport, oplagring og distribution.
Generally speaking, consumer prices include the costs of processing, packaging, transport, storage and distribution.
Ser man på det inflationberigtigede produktionsprisindeks for landbruget, er det helt klart, at der siden 1983 har været tale om et konstant fald i priserne. Produktionspriserne i faste priser er rent faktisk fra dette tidspunkt faldet hvert år med 3 til 4% gennemsnitligt.
A study of the deflated index of farm prices for agricultural products (prices allowing for inflation) reveals an ongoing decline since 1983, with farm prices in real terms going down each year by an average of 3-4%.
Det betyder, at de priser, der udbetales til producenterne, er faldet konstant siden 1983.
In other words, the prices paid to producers have gone down steadily since 1983.
Det inflationsberigtigede producentprisindeks for samtlige landbrugsprodukter (basis 1980 = 100)
Deflated index of farm prices for agricultural products as a whole (base 1980 - 100)
Belgien Danmark
Be I g i urn
Medlemmer af OECD er bl.a. de 24 mest industrialiserede lande herunder USA, Japan, Australien og New Zealand.
Comparison between the different prices of agricultural products and foodstuffs and the general price index
Ser man på ovenstående tabel, er det klart, at priserne på fødevarer ikke er homogene i samtlige medlemsstater.
The following table shows that increases in farm prices in nominal terms over recent years have been much smaller than rises in the consumer prices of foodstuffs and well below the rate of inflation in the Community.
Derfor er husholdningskurven billigere i Middelhavslandene (Grækenland, Spanien, Portugal).
The increase in consumer prices of foodstuffs has been very similar to the general consumer price rise.
Selv i Storbritannien, Italien, Nederlandene og Luxembourg er prisniveauet for fødevarer lavere end Fællesskabets gennemsnit. nemsnit.
The rate of increase slowed down considerably between 1985 and 1987, in line with the deflationary trend observed for consumer products as a whole.
Englænderne har lavere priser for samtlige grupper produkter med undtagelse af frugt og grønsager.
Comp ar i son between the régulât ion, farm and consumer pr ices of agricultural products and foodstuffs 1980--1987(EUR 10)
Kun i Australien var forbrugerpriserne lavere end i Fællesskabet.
Consumer prices of foodstuffs (3)
Det bør understreges, at Belgien og Grækenland for første gang i 1986 i forbindelse med oprettelsen af "restaurants du coeur" benyttede sig af denne forsyningsfacilitet.
Weighted average of increase in prices in national currency for products subject to common prices.
Ordningen er gentagne gange blevet fornyet (4).
(4) General index of consumer prices.
Disse former for distribuering har givet de dårligst stillede mulighed for at konsumere følgende frugter og grønsager: blomkål, tomater, auberginer, ferskner, abrikoser, citroner, pærer, spisedruer, æbler, mandariner og appelsiner.
During the same period the index of regulation prices (minimum prices guaranteed to farmers: intervention prices and equivalent) and the farm pr ice index rose at similar rates. In both cases the increase was well below the inflation rate (general index of consumer prices).
Medlemsstaterne har selv haft ansvaret for disse foranstaltninger, mens EUGFL-Garantifonden (Den Europæiske Udviklingsog Garantifond for Landbruget) har varetaget finansieringen samt udgifterne til emballage og transportudgifter.
A comparison of farm price and consumer price trends shows that every year the prices paid to producers went up less than those paid by consumers for the purchase of foodstuffs.
Siden 1967 har samtlige medlemsstater på hvis område disse former for frugt og grønsager var trukket tilbage fra markedet, benyttet rig af denne mulighed.
From 1984, the annual rate of increase of consumer prices for foodstuffs was more than twice as high as the rise in farm prices of agricultural products.
Medlemsstaterne har fået tilladelse til at give et fællesskabstilskud, således at det bliver muligt for personer, der får socialhjælp, at købe smør til nedsat pris (5).
TABLE 5
Irland, der altid har givet en lignende form for hjælp til sine indbyggere, har som det eneste land praktiseret denne mulighed.
Comparison of consumer pr ice levels for foodstuffs in the Community and certain OECD countr ies 1985-EUR 12 -100
Støtte til forbrug af smør
Federal Republic of Germany
Visse produkter, der anvendes i dyrefoder kaldes mere generelt "bioproteiner".
The housewife's bag of shopping is cheapest in Greece, Spain and Portugal.
Med hensyn til regler og godkendelsesprocedurer samt mærkning af produkter og af levnedsmidler, der indeholder de pågældende produkter, kan man konstatere, at der er tale om bestemmelser, der i høj grad ligner bestemmelserne i direktivet om tilsætningsstoffer. ningsstoffer.
More recently (1988) a statistical survey carried out by the US Ministry of Agriculture found that consumers in the major European cities (Bonn, London, Madrid, Paris and Rome) paid more or less the same price for the same selection of foods as in Ottawa, Washington or Seoul, but two or three times less than in Bern, Stockholm or Tokyo.(2)
Indførelsen af fællesskabsbestemmelser om kvalitet og sammen sætning af dyrefoder har gjort det nødvendigt at udarbejde metoder til stikprøvetagning og analysemetoder, for at medlemsstaterne kan udøve ensartet officiel kontrol der således undgå forskellige fortolkninger.
The press, not to mention the consumer associations, often draw attention to the potential benefits to the most deprived of selling surplus agricultural produce at special prices. The Community does allow this.
Derfor har Rådet i 1970 opstillet princippet om, at officiel kontrol skal gennemføres i henhold til kontrolmetoder, der er fastlagt ved hjælp af direktiver (26).
Portugal will not be in a position to implement social measures requiring Community financing (reduced-price sales, consumer aids, free distribution of fruit and vegetables withdrawn from the market) before the end of the first transition phase, scheduled for 1991.
Rester af veterinærmedicinske præparater i levnedsmidler kan få uhyggelige følger for forbrugernes sundhed.
Beef and veal held by intervention agencies has been offered for sale to welfare institutions and bodies since 1979 (3).
Alle medlemsstaterne har truffet sådanne bestemmelser, men i mange til fælde har de været forskellige på væsentlige principielle om råder .
The Commission fixes the selling prices at a level well below the intervention prices.
Rådet har i 1981 vedtaget et direktiv, der indfører identiske
There is no limit on quantities, and sales for social purposes are given priority.
I henhold til dette direktiv kan intet veterinærmedicinsk præparat sælges i en medlemsstat, uden at det er tilladt af de nationale myndigheder i denne medlemsstat.
The Member States draw up a list of the institutions and bodies which have been authorized to benefit from such sales.
Det er så ledes forbudt at give kvæget et veterinærmedicinsk præparat, der ikke er tilladt.
Only associations on these lists may submit applications to the intervention agencies.
Når det efter undersøgelser og analyser viser sig, at:
In fact it was only in 1986 that Belgium and Greece did so for the first time, following the setting up of canteens for the needy.
- der ikke er tilstrækkelig garanti for, at præparatet er uskadeligt
Free distribution of fruit and vegetables withdrawn from the market
- at præparatet ikke har nogen terapeutisk virkning, eller at denne virkning er utilstrækkeligt påvist
The free distribution of fruit and vegetables withdrawn from the market to social institutions, schools, holiday centres, hospitals and hospices has been practised since 1967 and has been reorganized on several occasions (4).
- at den kvantitative og kvalitative sammensætning ikke er i overensstemmelse med angivelserne
In this way the most deprived persons have been given an opportunity to consume: cauliflowers, tomatoes, aubergines, peaches, apricots, lemons, pears, grapes, apples, mandarins and oranges.
- at tidsrummet mellem seneste indgift og fremstillingen af levnedsmidler anses for at være utilstrækkeligt, afslår de nationale myndigheder at give tilladelse til markedsføring. føring.
These operations are organized by the Member States, but financing and the costs of packaging and transport are covered by the Guarantee Section of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF).
I 1987 har Rådet vedtaget et direktiv om tilnærmelse af medlemsstaternes foranstaltninger vedrørende markedsføring af højteknologiske lægemidler, især dem, der er fremstillet ved bioteknologiske metoder, der ikke hørte under direktivets anvendelsesområde i 1981 (28).
The Member States are authorized to grant Community aid for the purchase of butter at a reduced price by persons receiving social assistance (5). Only Ireland, which has always given similar aid to its citizens, has made use of this facility.
En anden gruppe veterinærmedicinske præparater, nemlig foder lægemidler, omfattes ikke af dette direktiv.
Manufacturers of pastry products, ice-cream and other foodstuffs may purchase butter from public stocks at reduced prices.
Kommissionens tjenestegrene har allerede i 1981 fremsat forslag til frem stilling og markedsføring af disse præparater (29).
They may also purchase ordinary butter and concentrated butter from the market at reduced prices, with aid provided by the EAGGF for such purposes.
Siden det oprindelige direktiv i 1981 er der kommet tre for slag fra Kommissionen, der har til formål at præcisere lovgivningen på dette område (30).
A standing invitation to tender is published in order to guarantee equal access for all purchasers and control the quantities sold.
Det første forslag til Rådets forordning, som fremsættes den 10. januar 1989, drejer sig om en fælles fremgangsmåde for fastsættelse af toleranceværdier for restkoncentrationer af veterinærmedicinske præparater,
Since 1988 the sale of butter at reduced prices and the granting of aid for butter and concentrated butter for use in the manufacture of pastry products, ice-cream and other foodstuffs have been governed by one and the same Community Regulation (6).
Forslaget indeholder bestemmelser om, at ethvert nyt veterinærmedicinsk præparat, med en ny virksom bestanddel, der hidtil ikke er blevet anvendt til behandling af levnedsmiddelproducerende dyr, kun må tillades markedsført i Fællesskabet, hvis der er fastsat en EF-tolerance for stoffets restkoncentrationer.
Up to the end of 1987, 34 500 tonnes of butter from public stocks were sold at reduced prices to manufacturers of concentrated butter, which is cooking butter with a fat content of between 96 and 99.8% (7). In comparison, ordinary salted or unsalted butter contains only 80-83% fat.
Desuden er der truffet foranstaltninger til at fastsætte tolerancer for stoffer, som allerede anvendes almindeligt.
Occasional sales of intervention butter for private consumption have been organized in the past (Christmas butter).
Forslaget indeholder listerne over stoffer, hvis anvendelse er tilladt i Fællesskabet.
Such sales are limited by the quantities of butter held in public stocks, and the last ones were held in 1984-85.
Det andet forslag til rådsdirektiv ændrer direktivet af 1981 ; det de finerer et veterinærmedicinsk præparat som ethvert lægemiddel, der er bestemt til dyr; præparater eller stoffer, som er beregnet til indgift på dyr i ernæringsmæssigt øjemed, udelukkes.
The low level of public butter stocks has led to the stopping of reducedprice sales of intervention butter for the manufacture of pastry products and ice-cream. However, these two sectors can still obtain Community aid for purchases of market butter at reduced prices.
Der kan således ikke gives tilladelse til, at der anvendes vækstfremmende præparater.
When intervention butter stocks fall to around 50 000 tonnes, they are reserved exclusively for the free food programme and food aid.
I øvrigt indeholder EF-bestemmelserne allerede forbud mod vækstfremmende stoffer med hormonal virkning.
Such aid is targeted at all private consumers, i.e. individuals, hotels, restaurants, clinics, homes, boarding schools and other establishments.
Ifølge forslaget skal det desuden pålægges medlemsstaterne at træffe alle fornødne foranstaltninger til at sikre, at ingen er i besiddelse af eller råder over stoffer, som kan anvendes som veterinærmedicinske præparater, medmindre de pågældende har en særlig tilladelse hertil.
Initially, it helped to support butter consumption in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark following their accession to the European Community, providing partial compensation for the increase in consumer prices as a result of their no longer being able to obtain supplies on the world market.
De nationale myndigheder skal føre et register over producenter, for handlere og andre personer, som har tilladelse til at ligge inde med virksomme stoffer, der kan bruges til fremstilling af veterinærmedicinske præparater, som kun kan ordineres af en dyrlæge.
Over the years butter consumption aid has gradually been reduced. Since 1985 it has been authorized only when financed by the Member State concerned (8).
De tilsender Kommissionen en liste over veterinærmedicinske præparater, der fås uden dyrlægeordination.
Only Ireland and Luxembourg have continued to grant it.
Der er indsat et kapitel om distribution af veterinærmedicinske præparater.
Distribution of milk in schools
Også engrosforhandling af veterinærmedicinske præparater er betinget af en tilladelse.
The Community grants aid amounting to 125% of the target price of milk (price which the common organization of the market aims to guarantee to producers during the period in question).
Der gennemføres kontrol mindst en gang om året hos grossister og detailhandlere, hvor fortegnelsen over ind- og udgåede leverancer sammenholdes med lagerbeholdningen.
Almost 30 million primary and secondary school children benefit from the distribution of whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, yoghurt, etc.
Anvendelse af hormoner
"Free food" programmes
- forarbejdede naturlige hormoner (eksogene)
This emergency programme was extremely successful.
- stoffer med thyreostatisk virkning, der stimulerer sekretion fra skjoldbruskkirtlen.
In 1987 the UK was the main beneficiary of these food supplies (45% of expenditure), followed by the Federal Republic of Germany (17%), France (15%), Spain (10%), Italy (6%), and Ireland (5%).
Disse hormoner eller stoffer med hornonal virkning er kendetegnet ved deres virkning på stofskiftet; de stimulerer proteinproduktionen, fremmer vægtforøgelse og øger væksten.
The particularly urgent need for this distribution programme took the Community authorities by surprise, and the Council therefore decided to adopt and improve distribution procedures by drawing up an annual supply plan broken down by Member State.
Hormonanvendelsen gør det muligt at slagte dyr på et for tidligt tidspunkt, hvor de endnu ikke har udviklet alle smagskvaliteterne.
On 14 December 1987, the Commission decided that distribution programmes in 1988 should not exceed a total product value of 100 million ECU, including administration and transport costs, so that the programme could start as soon as possible.
Dette anses for at være en af grundene til, at hormonbehandlet kød afgiver meget vand ved kogning og stegning.
In 1989, the Twelve decided to increase the value of food to be given to the most deprived persons in the Community to 150 million ECU (11).
Endelig kan hormonerne påvirke forbrugernes sundhed.
PROTECTION OF HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Da de fremmer visse former for celledannelse, kan de eventuelt aktivere eller bidrage til dannelsen af kræftceller.
Modern methods of producing, processing and marketing agricultural products and foodstuffs involve substances which can have harmful effects on consumers' health.
Indtagelse af hormoner kan måske medføre morfologiske ændringer, især hos personer, hvis endogene hormonproduktion er lav (børn før puberteten og kvinder efter menopausen) .
The European Community has introduced very detailed legislation, covering two phases: production (1) processing and marketing (2).
EF-bestemmelserne omhandler to forhold:
The Community is preparing or has adopted legislation on:
- forbud mod brug af visse stoffer med hormonal eller thyreostatisk virkning eller begrænsning af anvendelsen af sådanne stoffer
- animal feedingstuffs (1.3) the use of veterinary medicinal products (1.4) - control of various residues in products of animal or igin (1.5) - control of diseases which can be transmitted to humans (1.6) - radioactive contamination of agricultural products (1.7).
I 1981 besluttede Rådet at udstede generelt forbud mod brug af visse hormoner og stoffer med thyreostatisk virkning i husdyrbrug (31).
However, plant protection products do not just have positive effects on crop production; as they usually consist of toxic substances, they can also be a hazard to both man and the environment.
Bestemmelserne åbnede dog mulighed for brug i behandlingsmæssigt øjemed, forudsat at brugen blev foreskrevet af en dyrlæge.
Most Member States have introduced legislation on the authorization and approval of plant protection products.
Rådet vedtog senere et nyt direktiv, der bekræftede forbuddet mod, at stoffer, der indvirker på stofskiftet, anvendes med henblik på fedning; der blev fastsat detaljerede regler for godkendt brug i behandlingsøjemed: indgiften skal foretages af en dyrlæge, og dyret skal være tydeligt identificeret; dyrlægen skal foretage optegnelse
In February 1989 the Commission therefore presented a proposai concerning the marketing of plant protection products, aimed at harmonizing authorization criteria and removing the barriers to the free movement of plant protection products (12). The proposed Directive will supplement the Directive in force since 1979, which prohibits the placing on the market and use of plant protection products containing certain active substances (13).
EF-stemplet er forbeholdt kød af ikke-behandlede dyr.
These active substances are listed in an annex to the Directive.
Virksomheder, der fremstiller stoffer med thyreostatisk og hormonal virkning, og de, der fremstiller farmaceutiske og veterinære produkter på grundlag af disse stoffer, skal føre en detaljeret protokol over de mængder, der erhverves og afstås.
Since 1976 Community legislation has laid down maximum levels for pesticide residues on and in agricultural products. The legislation covers: fruit and vegetables (14) cereals (15) foodstuffs of animal origin (16).
Endvidere skal medlemsstaterne forbyde tredjelandsimport af dyr og kød fra dyr, som er blevet indgivet stoffer med thyreostatisk eller hormonal virkning (der gælder en undtagelse for godkendt terapeutisk brug).
The purpose of these Directives is to provide consumers with a guarantee that agricultural products enjoying free movement within the Community are not harmful. The Member States may block or ban, within their territories, trade in agricultural products containing more than the authorized pesticide residue limits.
Siden direktivet blev vedtaget, er der blevet udstedt en række gennemførelsesbestemmelser, navnlig et direktiv af 1988 om betingelserne for handel med dyr og med kød af dyr, som på kontrollerede betingelser har undergået en godkendt terapeutisk behandling med de omhandlede stoffer (33).
The aim of this proposal is to strengthen the rules laid down by the Directive on fruit and vegetables by making the maximum levels compulsory throughout the Community. At the moment the Member States are able, if they consider it justified, to authorize the entry into free circulation within their own territories of products containing levels higher than the I imi ts.
Der er også fastsat hyppighed og analysemetoder for undersøgelser for restkoncentrationer af stoffer med hæmmende virkning (antibiotika, sulfonamider og lignende stoffer med antimikrobiel virkning) af veterinærmedicinske præparater og af urenheder (i foder eller i miljøet).
The quality of foodstuffs of animal origin depends to a large extent on that of the feedingstuffs consumed by the animals.
Medlemsstaterne skal finde frem til kilden, når et problem lokaliseres, og der skal anvendes relevante sanktioner (35).
The nature of the ingredients used to make animal feedingstuffs can play a decisive role in the wholesomeness and organoleptic qualities of livestock products.
Planerne er nu godkendt for alle medlemsstaterne, og de er bragt i anvendelse.
Consequently, the Community was very quick to adopt very detailed legislation on animal feedingstuffs, covering additives, undesirable substances and products, straight and compound feedingstuffs, bioproteins and control methods.
De garantier, der kræves af tredjelande, er (mindst) tilsvarende dem, der gælder for EF-produktionen.
Community legislation applies to feedingstuffs for both livestock (cattle, poultry, fish) and pets (cats, dogs, etc).