natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Den socialistiske planøkonomi garanterede tryghed i beskæftigelsen, hvilket omfattede en række bestemmelser, der gjorde det muligt for kvinderne at forene familie- og arbejdsliv. Man má dog ikke glemme, at disse bestemmelser var en del af systemets ideologiske, økonomiske og demografiske målsætning.
The system of the socialist planned economy guaranteed job security and included a large number of provisions allowing the reconciliation of family and professional life - in the latter case for women.
Det totalitære østtyske styre levnede I øvrigt ingen valgmuligheder, hverken professionelt eller familiemæssigt, idet erhvervsaktivitet pá fuldtidsbasi s var reglen, også for kvinderne.
In addition, the totalitarian nature of the East German régime left no freedom of choice at either professional or family level. Full-time work was the rule for women as well.
I traktaten om Tysklands forening, artikel 31, pålægges lovgivningsmagten en række forpligtelser vedrørende kvinder og familieliv, som forpligter forbundsregeringen i indeværende lovgivningsperiode til at udarbejde supplerende bestemmelser om yderligere støtte til kvinderne, således at det lettere lader sig gøre at forene familie og arbejdsliv.
Article 31 of the Unification Treaty lays down a certain number of obligations concerning women and the family, according to which the Federal Government is required, during the lifetime of the present Parliament, to draw up supplementary measures to advance women more and to improve reconciliation between family and working life.
Ligest i I Iingslovgivningen vil blive udbygget, samtidig med at det juridiske grundlag for at forene familie- og arbejdsliv skal forbedres.
The legislation on equal opportunities for men and women will be developed further and improvements will be made in the legal situation from the point of view of the compatibility of family and working life.
Det vil blive muligt at få orlov til pasning af børn med garanti for genansættelse i op til tre år fra 1. januar 1992, og den periode, i hvilken der kan udbetales børnepenge, vi I blive forlænget til to år fra 1. Januar 1993.
Educational leave with a guarantee of employment will be extended to three years from 1 January 1992, the payment of the education allowance being increased to two years from 1 January 1993.
Forældreorlov i forbindelse med børns sygdom forlænges til 10 dage pr. barn og pr. forældre, der er lønmodtager. Enlige fædre eller mødre får 20 dage.
Leave granted to parents in the event of illness of their children is increased to 10 days per child and per employed parent; single parents are allocated 20 days.
I første halvdel af 1991 steg Forbundsstatens deltagelse i omkostningerne til finansiering af vuggestuer i de nye delstater til 1 mia. DM.
During the first half of 1991, the participation of the Federal Government in the
21 — strafferetlige lovgivning skal indføres visse lovfæstede rettigheder for gravide kvinder med hensyn til social bistand. Parlamentet behandler for øjeblikket flere udkast fra de enkelte partier i Bundestag.
In the meantime, the majority of these Länder have adopted legislation guaranteeing the continued existence of these institutions.
Disse udkast omfatter pá den ene side total afskaffelse af de strafferetlige bestemmelser vedrørende tids fristerne for frivillig svangerskabsafbrydelse, med eller uden forpligtelse til rådgivning, og på den anden side mere omfattende eller restriktiv lovgivning, hvorefter frivillig svangerskabsafbrydelse gøres betinget af visse indikationer.
The Parliament has currently been referred various bills from the different parties represented in the Bundestag; these bills range from the total abolition of the penal provisions concerning the time limits on abortion, with and without a consultation requirement, to extensive or strict regulations making abortion subject to certain symptoms.
I DDR kendte man også til det kønsopdelte arbejdsmarked.
The German Democratic Republic was also experiencing the problem of the segmentation of the labour market, on the grounds of gender.
Samtidig er det beklageligt, at den absolut nødvendige omlægning i eks-DDR fra planøkonomi og selv forsyning i særlig voldsom grad rammer kvinderne I de nye delstater.
It is regrettable that the vital reconversion of the planned economy based on autarchy of the ex-German Democratic Republic is hitting the women of the new Länder particularly hard.
Af de 1,03 mio. arbejdsløse, der kunne registreres i oktober 1991, var 61,2% kvinder.
Of the 1.03 million unemployed in October 1991, 61.2% were women.
Indførelsen af beskæftigelsespolitiske instrumenter (nedsat arbejdstid, lovgivning vedrørende førtidspensionering, livslang uddannelse og omskoling samt beskæftigelsesfremmende foranstaltninger) har gjort det muligt at ansætte 2 mio. mennesker mere.
The introduction of employment policy instruments (short-time working, regulations in the field of early retirement, in-service training and retraining, job creation measures) enabled an additional 2 million people to be taken on.
På grund af det meget store antal arbejdsløse kvinder er det næsten udelukkende kvinder, der benytter sig af foranstaltningerne til livslang uddannelse og om skoling.
In view of the high number of women without work, it is almost exclusively women who participate in the in-service training and retraining.
De beskæftigelsesfremmende foranstaltninger er imidlertid helt utilstrækkelige til trods for forbundsregeringens og formidl ingsbureauernes store indsats.
On the other hand, as far as the job creation measures are concerned, the results are still insufficient, in spite of the intense efforts by the Federal Government and employment agencies.
Forbundsministeriet for Kvinder og Ungdomsspørgsmål har i år afsat ca. 7 mio. DM til specifikke programmer til støtte for kvinderne i de nye delstater. Disse bevillinger anvendes til fremme af oprettelsen af kvindeorganisationer og til støtte af initiativer fra kvinder, til finansiering af oprettelse af kvindehuse samt oprettelse af mobile rádgivningskontorer og informationscentre.
The Federal Ministry for Women and Young People allocated some 7 million DEM this year to special programmes assisting women in the new Länder; these credits serve to encourage the formation of women's associations and to develop the initiatives coming from women, to finance the introduction of women's refuges and to create itinerant advice offices and information centres.
Disse programmer vil blive fortsat i 1992.
These programmes are to be continued in 1992.
Man kan konstatere, at kvindernes interesse for deltidsarbejde både i de gamle og de nye delstater fortsætter.
Women of both old and new Länder are showing increasing interest in parttime work.
I de oprindelige delstater er stigningen i antallet af deltidsarbejdspladser to gange så stor som stigningen i antallet af arbejdspladser generalt: ca. en tredjedel af samtlige kvinder i lønmodtager jobs arbejder i dag pä deltidsbasis.
In the old Länder, the rate of increase in parttime work is twice that of all work; about one third of all working women have parttime jobs.
I 1985 indførtes med lov om arbejdsformidling m.v. princippet om ligebehandling af mandlige og kvindelige arbejdstagere (heltids- og deltidsbasis). Dette princip har haft afgørende betydning og er stadig oftere blevet anvendt af arbejdsmarkedets parter.
Equal treatment of male and female full-time and parttime workers, introduced into labour legislation by the Advancement of Employment Act of 1985, was an important measure, which has since then been applied increasingly frequently by the two sides of industry.
Samtlige fællesskabsdirektiver er blevet omsat til tysk lovgivning og gælder nu også for kvinderne i de nye delstater.
All the Community directives have been translated into German legislation and are therefore applicable to the women in the new Länder.
LEDERSTILLINGER OG ANSVAR
HIGH-RANKING AND INFLUENTIAL POSITIONS
Det er vigtigt at gennemføre foranstaltninger, der kan støtte kvinderne og frem me den langsomme udvikling, der er sat i gang i retning af en bedre fordeling af opgaver og roller I samfundet.
Measures to encourage women are essential to support the slow development under way which affects the distribution of tasks and roles in society.
Kvinderne er klart underrepræsenteret pá ledende poster i det offentlige og i de politiske beslutningstagende instanser.
Women are distinctly underrepresented in management positions, in public life and in the political decisionmaking bodies.
Det hænger sammen med vores leve- og arbejdsvilkår og den fordeling af rollerne, der udspringer heraf.
This derives from our living and working conditions and from the resultant distribution of the roles.
Et stigende antal kvinder tager nu del i samfundslivet navnlig pá grund af bedre uddannelses- og erhvervsuddanne IsesmuI igheder.
However, a growing number of women are taking part in public life, on account in particular of the improvement in the level of training and professional qualifications.
Kvindeforeninger og -sammenslutninger spiller en afgørende rolle ved at motivere til initiativer pá det kvinde pol i t iske område.
The women's associations and federations play an important role by stimulating the initiatives in the field of women's policy.
Tidsskrifter, der behandler kvindepolitiske spørgsmål og kvindelitteratur, bidrager t i I en holdningsændring.
Reviews dealing with questions of women's policy and feminine literature contribute to influencing public opinion.
Til trods herfor modsvares stigningen i antallet af kvinder i partier og for eninger, samarbejdsudvalg m.v. ikke altid af en proportional stigning i antallet af kvinder på ansvarsfulde poster.
In spite of this, the rate of increase in the number of women in the parties and associations, in works councils and denominational movements, is not always expressed by a proportional increase in the number of women in positions involving a high level of responsibility.
Selv om kvinderne allerede I den nuværende regering har 8 ansvarsfulde poster som ministre eller statssekretærer, er der kun to kvinder blandt de 192 kontor chefer I forbundsadministrationen.
Even though women already hold eight positions as Minister or Parliamentary Secretary of State in the present Government, there are still only two among the 192 departmental heads of the Federal Government administration.
Den lov om ligebehandling, der snart vil foreligge som forslag, skal ud over at indeholde bestemmelser om flere kvinder i forbundsadministrationen også under betegnelsen "lov om kommissioner og udvalg m.v." indeholde bestemmelser om ud pegning af kvinder og mænd til sådanne udvalg i Forbundsrepublikken.
The law on equal treatment, currently being drafted, besides specifying the legislation on the advancement of women in the Federal Government administration, as well as other aspects, will also regulate the appointment of women and men to the Federal public authorities under the title of "law governing the Federal authorities".
En undersøgelse har vist, at i de over 1 000 kommissioner, udvalg m.v., der er blevet undersøgt, bl.a. rådgivende udvalg, ekspertudvalg, tilsynsudvalg, bestyrelser i offentligretlige institutioner m.v. samt domstole og kontroludvalg, udgjorde kvindernes andel kun 7,2%. Kun i 36 udvalg udgør kvindeandelen mindst 20%.
One of the findings of a study is that of over one thousand authorities, departments and appointments analyzed, including for example advisory committees, committees of experts, supervisory councils and executive committees of establishments and foundations governed by public law, courts and monitoring committees, the proportion of women only came to 7.2%; authorities where the proportion of women is equal to or in excess of 20% only came to a total of 36.
De unge pigers og kvindernes uddannelsesniveau er også i vidt omfang blevet forbedret i det seneste tiår. Fra 1975 til 1988 er antallet af kvinder med en højere uddannelse eller en afgangseksamen fra de højere tekniske læreanstalter næsten fordoblet, hvorimod antallet af mænd kun er steget med halvdelen.
The level of education of girls and women has also been greatly improved in recent decades: from 1975 to 1988, the number of women receiving diplomas from higher education or from higher technical colleges has almost doubled, whereas the number of men has increased by only half; of the number of graduates, the number of women has risen to 49%.
Procentdelen af kvinder pá de højere uddannelser er steget til 49%.
The proportion of women employed in technical and commercial occupations also rose;
Næsten 55% af de unge kvinder uddannes imidlertid stadig inden for de 10 er hverv, hvor der altid har været flest kvinder.
— 26 — however, it is in the 10 occupations where women are the most predominant that nearly 55% of young women are still trained.
Forbunds- og delstatsregeringerne samt formidlingskontorerne forsøger ved hjælp af pilotforsøg, informationskampagner og skræddersyet jobrádgivning at påvirke tendensen i ny retning.
The Federal and Länder Governments, as well as the employment services, are endeavouring through pilot projects, information campaigns and appropriate consultancy work, to bring about a change.
Skolebøgerne ændres i stadig højere grad, således at billedet af mænd og kvinder er blevet mere realistisk.
School textbooks are being altered increasingly to provide a realistic image of men and women.
Som følge af den demografiske udvikling har der ikke været nok lærepladser i de oprindelige delstater, hvorimod det i år i de nye delstater til trods for den økonomiske omvæltning og ved hjælp af store anstrengelser er lykkedes at tilbyde de unge, der kommer ud af skolen, en læreplads i en virksomhed eller i et lærlingecenter for flere virksomheder.
Whereas on account of the demographic trend, it was not always possible to fill all the apprenticeship posts in the old Länder, this year it has been possible in the new Länder, in spite of the economic upheaval and at the price of considerable effort, to offer the young people leaving school apprenticeships in firms or in inter-firm apprenticeship centres.
OFFENTLIGHEDENS REAKTION
REACTION BY PUBLIC OPINION
Foreningen af de to Tysklande er både en drivkraft og en udfordring for kvinde politikken i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland.
Reunification is both a motive force and a challenge for women's policy in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Kvinderne i de nye og i de oprindelige delstater kommer med forskellig livserfaring og forskellige forventninger både med hensyn til kvinders erhvervsarbejde og t i I lovgivning, der kan gøre det lettere at kombinere familie og erhvervsaktivitet. Kvinderne i de nye delstater må hjælpes til at klare omstillingen pá alle områder i deres tilværelse.
It is a matter of being able to respond to the different situations in terms of life experience and expectations of women in both new and old Länder, with regard for example to the salaried employment of women or the regulations allowing reconciliation between family and professional life, and of facilitating reconversion, for the women of the new Länder, which affects all aspects of their lives.
Med Den Europæiske Politiske Union kommer kvindepolitikken til at sta over for en ny udfordring.
The European Political Union represents a new challenge for women's policy.
Man má tage sig af de problemer, der kun kan løses pá inter nationalt plan, som indvandrerproblemer pà arbejdsmarkedet og handel med kvinder og unge piger.
Indeed, it will be necessary to tackle the problems which can only be resolved at international level, such as the problems of immigrants on the job market or the traffic in women and girls.
Det er muligt i fællesskab at skabe et Kvindernes Europa, hvis man klogt og konsekvent bruger sin nyerhvervede bevægelsesfrihed.
It is possible together to create a "Europe for women", if the newly acquired room for manoeuvre is used judiciously and rationally.
BELGIEN: OMSTØBNING AF INSTITUTIONERNE af formanden for Udvalget for Kvinderne og Arbejdsmarkedet, Annemie Pernot og medarbejder ved Udvalget for Kvinderne og Arbejdsmarkedet, Martine Voet s.
BELGIUM: THE REORGANIZATION OF THE INSTITUTIONS by Annemie Pernot, Chairman of the Commission du Travail des Femmes (Commission on Women's Work); and Martine Voets, Associate of the Commission du Travail des Femmes
"Politik skal ikke længere være et lukket område forbeholdt mænd".
"The world of politics must cease to be an exclusively masculine preserve".
Således skrev en partiformand for nylig om kvindernes tilstedeværelse i det politiske liv.
This was how the Chairman of an important party recently described the presence of women in the political world.
Situationen er faktisk meget lidt imponerende og tallene taler for sig selv.
The situation is indeed not very brilliant and the figures speak for themselves.
Ved det sidste valg i 1991 fik kvinderne 20 ud af 212 pladser i deputeretkammeret, dvs. 9,4%.
In the latest parliamentary elections of 1991, women took 20 out of 212 seats in the Lower House, i.e. 9.4%.
I senatet fik kvinderne 7 pladser ud af 106 ved direkte valg, dvs. 6,6%.
In the Senate, they obtained 7 direct elections out of 106, or 6.6%.
Der er tre kvinder i Jean-Lue Dehaene's regering: arbejdsminister Miet Smet, budgetminister Mieke Offeciers og sundhedsminister Laurette Oncke-I inx.
Three women are members of the Government of Mr. Jean-Luc Dehaene: Mrs. Miet Smet is Minister for Employment, Mrs. Mieke Offeciers, Minister for the Budget, and Mrs. Laurette Onckelinx is Minister for Health.
Ser vi på de folkevalgte forsamlinger for sprogsamfundene og regionerne, er kvindernes repræsentation endnu svagere: i det flamske råd er der 9% kvinder, og i rådet for det franske sprogsamfund er der 6,8% kvinder. I rådet for det tysk sprogede samfund er der 4% kvinder, og i det wallonske regionalråd er der 6,7% kvinder.
Examining the composition of the community and regional assemblies, women are even less in evidence: 9% of the Flemish Council are women; 6.8% of the Council of the French-speaking Community are women; 4% of the Council of the German-speaking Community are women; 6.7% of the Walloon Regional Council are women.
Kun i rådet for BruxeI les-regionen er der helt op til 26,7% kvinder.
Only in the Council of the Brussels Capital Region are the ranks of women stronger at 26.7%.
Der bør ligeledes understreges, at med undtagelse af 1 er samtlige formænd for disse forsamlinger mænd.
It should also be noted that the chairs of all these assemblies are held by men, apart from that of the Council of the Community.
Strukturændringerne i den belgiske stat i de seneste ti år har spredt og op splittet magtcentrene.
The upheaval occurring in the structure of the Belgian State in recent decades has multiplied and divided up the seats of power.
Vi må nu være meget opmærksomme på, at der alle disse steder bliver placeret et tilstrækkeligt antal kvinder.
Care will have to be taken from now on to ensure that they are all occupied by a sufficient number of women.
Derfor bør vi intensivere kampagnerne for at gøre kvinderne mere politisk ansvarsbevidste, så de bliver opmærksom pá, at de ikke længere kan nøjes med at være tilskuere men má tage aktivt del i det politiske arbejde.
To this end, it will be necessary to step up the campaigns for women to assume political responsibility, so that they become aware that they must be actresses rather than spectators in the political arena.
I håb om at forbedre kvindernes repræsentation ved valget den 24. november 1991 satte statssekretæren for ligestilling pá arbejdsmarkedet og kvindeorganisationerne en større kampagne i gang med henblik pá at fá de politiske partier til både kvantitativt og kvalitativt at tildele kvinderne den plads, de har krav på.
In the hope of improving the representation of women among those elected at the general elections of 24 November 1991, the Secretary of State for social emancipation and the women's associations organized a vast campaign to urge the political parties to give women the place to which they are entitled in terms of both numbers and status.
Man kan efterhånden konstatere, at en lang række partier giver plads til kvindelige kandidater uden alligevel at give dem en reel chance for at blive valgt.
Indeed, it can be seen that several parties are opening their ranks to women candidates, without for all that giving them a real chance of being elected.
Dem, det lykkes for, er som regel nødt til at anstrenge sig langt mere end mændene.
The women who achieve this must often expend more energy in the process than men.
At belgierne har stemmepligt betyder, at 52% af vælgerkorpset er kvinder.
The obligation to vote in force in our country means that 52% of the electorate are women.
Det drejer sig derfor om lige inden valget at sikre, at det kvindelige vælgerkorps stemmer på de kvindelige kandidater.
— 28 — elections, to vote for the women candidates.
Der er igangsat en symbolsk aktion, der går ud pá, at man bærer en badge med teksten "Stem på kvinder".
A symbolic action was organized in the form of wearing "Vote Woman" badges.
Adgang til politisk magt på de højeste niveauer har kun et mindretal af kvinder, men kan kan håbe pá, at de bliver bedre placeret pá provinsplan og pá kommunalt plan.
Even though the accession to the highest echelons of political power is still only a reality for a minority of women, it could be hoped that a better place is reserved for them at provincial and community levels.
Ifølge statistikkerne er 12,3% af amtsrådsmedlemmerne efter valget i 1987 kvinder mod 10% ved de foregående valg.
On examining the statistics, it can be seen that since the 1987 elections, 12.3% of the councillors at provincial level are women, compared to 10% at the previous elections.
Til trods for denne udvikling har kvinderne stadig kun 4 poster ud af 58 i amtsrådene, dvs. 7,4%, og ingen kvinde er hidtil blevet udnævnt til guvernør.
In spite of this trend, there are still only four women on the provincial executives out of 58 posts, i.e. 7.4%, and no women governors.
I kommunalforvaltningen er 14,3% af de kommunalt valgte kvinder mod 9,8% ved de foregående valg.
As far as municipal administration is concerned, 14.3% of the local councillors are women, as opposed to 9.8% at the previous elections.
Procentdelen af kvinder i kommunaI rådene er ligeledes steget, idet 10,4% af kommunalbestyrelsesmedlemmerne er kvinder mod 7,1% ved det foregående valg.
Women have also increased their presence on the local executives: 10.4% of aldermen are women, compared to 7.1% at the previous elections.
Stigningen i antallet af kvindelige borgmestre har ikke fulgt den samme udvikling.
On the other hand, there was no similar trend in the increase in the number of mayoresses.
Kun 3,9% af disse poster blev besat med kvinder ved de seneste valg mod 2,9% ved de foregående valg.
Only 3.9% of these offices were conferred on women at the last elections, as opposed to 2.9% at the previous elections.
Det stigende antal kvinder i lokalforvaltningen kan tilskrives to konkrete aktioner, der har været ført på initiativ af statssekretæren for ligestilling pá arbejdsmarkedet, nemlig underskrivelsen af hvidbogen om kvinder og politik af kvindegrupperne i de politiske partier og den kampagne, der blev ført inden valget 1988 med slagordet "Stem flere kvinder ind i kommunaI rådene".
The trend in the presence of women in local administration was fostered by two practical measures taken on the initiative of the Secretary of State for social emancipation. These were the signing of the "Charter of women in politics" by the women's authorities of the various political parties and the campaign conducted on the theme of "Vote for greater balance in your municipal council", on the eve of the 1988 elections.
Senere har man ført en politik til fremme af ligestilling af mænd og kvinder på lokalt plan i flere pi lotkommuner.
Since then, a policy to encourage the process of the emancipation of women at local level has been pursued in several pilot municipalities.
Således har en række kommunalbestyrelsesmedlemmer fået til opgave at tage sig af ligestilling pä arbejdsmarkedet.
For instance, a certain number of aldermen for social emancipation have been introduced.