natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Dette sker ofte inden for rammerne af en ligestillingspolitik.
In 1993, this ministry organized a conference 'Demokratie mit Frauen' (Democracy with women).
kvindeorganisationer involveret i kampagner med henblik på at fremme kvinders deltagelse i den politiske beslutningsproces.
There the minister presented the results of a national survey on political participation by young women.
Regeringerne har også mulighed for at iværksætte og finansiere forskningsprojekter vedrørende kvinders rolle i politik.
• In Italy, the National Commission for Equal Opportunities in 1992 ran a campaign for the general elections, titled: 'Più Voti alle donne, più valore alla politica' (More votes for women, more values to politics).
Der kan være tale om mange forskellige slags forskning.
• The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Netherlands organized a conference in 1993 on the political participation of black and migrant women.
Således har regeringerne i visse medlemsstater igangsat under søgelser vedrørende kvinders politiske deltagelse.
They also organized a week in February 1994 to celebrate '75 years of women's suffrage'.
• I 1991 finansierede den belgiske arbejdsminister en undersøgelse blandt kvindelige kandidater til parlamentsvalget, som fandt sted samme år.
• In Spain, since 1993 the Minister of Social Affairs Ms C. Alberdi supported publicly the importance of parity democracy, which in fact contributed, together with quota systems in some political parties, to the considerable increase in the number of women in the national parliament (from 16% in 1993 to 23% in 1996).
• I Nederlandene iværksatte Socialministeriet i 1993 en undersøgelse omfattende 4 500 landsdækkende interesseorganisationer med henblik på at finde ud af, hvor mange kvinder der deltog i bestyrelsen i disse organisationer.
Governments, instead of doing it themselves, can also financially support other organizations conducting public awarenessraising campaigns. In several EU Member States, organizations involved in the promotion of women in political decisionmaking receive public aid.
Dette blev fulgt op af en undersøgelse blandt 2 000 kvindelige bestyrelsesmedlemmer og 100 dybdeinterviews med kvindelige bestyrelsesmedlemmer.
Often these grants are for women's organizations, which are sometimes totally dependent on grants from the (local/ regional) government and sometimes they have their own financial sources.
• I Spanien har Kvindeinstituttet gennemført forskellige undersøgelser.
In the 1980s and 1990s women's organizations become more involved in the issue of encouraging more women into politics.
Siden 1986 har det administreret en databank over kvinder med kvalifikationer på forskellige områder.
In the introduction of her book 'Gender and Party Politics' Lovenduski states:
I 1988 blev der gennemført en undersøgelse blandt vælgerne vedrørende befolkningens meninger om og holdning til kvinders deltagelse i det politiske liv, og i 1992 blev der gennemført en undersøgelse vedrørende betydningen af kvinders deltagelse i politik.
'during the 1960s and 1970s many second wave feminists were cynical about political institutions and electoral politics, preferring the political autonomy they found in new social movements.
I 1991 blev der gennemført en undersøgelse vedrørende kvinders interesse for politik.
By the early 1980s, however, there had been a reconsideration of the importance of mainstream politics and feminists became active members of political parties'.27
• Ministeriet for Kvinder og Ungdom i Tyskland har finansieret og offentliggjort en undersøgelse om årsagerne til, at så mange unge kvinder ikke afgiver deres stemme ved valg.
Many of these women participate in the internal discussions within political parties about how to get more women represented in the parties.
Resultaterne blev forelagt hovedaktørerne, og der blev drøftet strategier med henblik på at ændre situationen.
At the same time in some countries there are joint efforts of women's groups who set up campaigns trying to increase the number of women in decisionmaking.
Et af de konkrete resultater var et program, der finansierede en ngo, som arbejder på det regionale og det lokale plan med det mål for øje at afholde informationsmøder for at gøre kvinder opmærksomme på deres rettigheder og tilskynde dem til at blive aktive i politik.
They work together in awarenessraising campaigns; they mobilize voters to vote for women candidates, and they put pressure on political parties to nominate more women.
• I Grækenland gennemførte Generalsekretariatet for Ligestilling og det Nationale Socialforskningscenter i 1990 en undersøgelse af græske kvinders politiske holdninger.
• In Denmark much work is done by the Danish National Council of Women, consisting of 47 women's organizations.
• Den irske regering oprettede i 1974 en kvindetalentbank, som indsamler navne på kvinder med passende kvalifikationer, der kan deltage i statslige komitéer og udvalg, og som videregives til regeringen og de forskellige ministerier.
• In Spain several NGOs, like the 'Forum for feminist politics' and the 'Association for the support of the European women's lobby', organize actions aimed at promoting women in political decisionmaking, usually before the elections.
• Den hollandske regering oprettede i 1995 en organisation kaldet Toplink. Toplinks opgave er at oprette en database med navne på kvalificerede kvinder. Databasen er tænkt som en hjælp for regeringsorganer, politiske partier, private selskaber og interesseorganisationer i deres søgen efter kvalificerede kvinder til deres bestyrelser.
• In 1990 in the Netherlands the Association '1994: Vrouwen kiezen in de politiek' (1994 (election year) electing women in politics) was founded and subsidized by the Dutch government.
Indsamling af data vedrørende kvinders deltagelse i den politiske beslutningsproces er et væsentligt led i bestræbelserne på at fremme kvinders deltagelse i det politiske liv.
The participating organizations devised their own activities to achieve these goals and these activities were coordinated by the Association.
Regeringer, politiske partier og den brede offentlighed har behov for at kende de nøjagtige tal: hvor mange kvinder, der deltager i den politiske beslutningsproces.
Since the start of the campaign in March 1993, many activities were organized ranging from training sessions for women who might be interested in becoming local councillors to seminars explaining the objective of the campaign.
For at kunne gøre regeringens indsats på at forbedre situationen målrettet, vil det også være hensigtsmæssigt at gennemføre forskning vedrørende de landespecifikke hindringer for, at kvinder indtræder i politiske poster på højt plan.
The group also published campaign material, for example two booklets, one with suggestions on how to construct a local emancipation policy and one with facts about the political participation of women, and with interviews with women councillors.
Overvågning er nødvendig for at kunne evaluere effekten af bestemte strategier: Et regeringsorgan eller et halvoffentligt organ bør have til opgave at indsamle data hvert andet år f.eks. og med jævne mellemrum afgive rapport til parlamentet.
• In Portugal, the Commission for Equality and Women's Rights subsidizes initiatives of Women's NGOs belonging to its Advisory Council either individually for specific actions or the Platform of NGOs for common actions aiming at increasing women's presence in political decisionmaking such as the 'First national conference of locally elected women' organized by the Group on Parity Democracy in 1993.
Hvad: kampagner, der tager sigte på at nå en bred (mål)gruppe med henblik på at gøre opmærksom på betydningen af en lige repræsentation af kvinder og mænd i beslutningsprocessen
• In 1994 in France, the organization Demain la Parité was created, grouping organizations with the same objective.
Hvorledes: ved at gennemføre kampagner eller ved at yde økonomisk tilskud til politiske partier eller kvindeorganisationer med henblik på gennemførelsen af sådanne aktiviteter
They publish a newsletter, on the theme of equality in decisionmaking and organize many activities.
Hvorfor: at få udryddet den klichéforestilling, at politikere er mænd; at gøre kvinders deltagelse i politik mere accepteret og populær
With regard to the election of 1998 they want to collect a million petitions demanding a balanced political participation.
Regeringerne kan spille en særdeles betydningsfuld rolle med hensyn til at ændre befolkningens holdning til spørgsmålet om kvinders integration i politik.
• In Ireland the Women's Political Association, founded in 1971, has been the chief organization supporting the drive for women in parliament.
Regeringsorganerne kan gennemføre bevidstgørelseskampagner f.eks. gennem spots i tv, brochurer, annoncer i aviser og tidsskrifter eller postere på offentlige steder.
Through educational initiatives, awareness raising and seminars, as well as practical support for women candidates, it has provided a channel for aspiring women politicians, and a platform for their political manifestos to gain public attention.
• I Portugal har Udvalget for Ligestilling og Kvinders Rettigheder gennemført en række konferencer med et stort antal deltagere og offentliggjort referatet.
• In the United Kingdom four non-party women's organizations are active: the Menerva Educational Trust, set up in 1988 and concerned to help women
Emnerne var: »Kvinde og magt« (i 1985), »Positive særforanstaltninger vedr. ligestilling« (i 1988) og »Lighed, demokrati og menneskerettigheder« (i 1990)25).
It continues to promote women in political decisionmaking but also promotes other aspects of equality.
I 1993 udsendte Kommissionen tv-spots vedrørende kvinders deltagelse i politik.
Between them these organiza tions raise public awareness, issue newsletters, lobby public authorities, run public events, supply training and so on.
Udstillingerne blev ledsaget af en video, som opfordrede kvinderne til at deltage i beslutningsprocessen på arbejdet og i offentlig sammenhæng26).
In a number of EU countries governments use their resources such as television time, advertising space etc. for this aim, or they stimulate (women's) organizations or political parties to set up campaigns by subsidizing them.
I 1993 afholdt det samme ministerium en konference med titlen »Demokratie mit Frauen« (Demokrati med kvinder).
Many studies have been conducted into the effects of socialization processes on the learning of political roles.
På konferencen fremlagde ministeren resultaterne af en landsdækkende undersøgelse vedrørende unge kvinders deltagelse i det politiske liv.
Especially important is the observation that men and women are socialized in a different way which has consequences for their subsequent positions in society.
• Det hollandske indenrigsministerium afholdt i 1993 en konference om farvede kvinders og indvandrerkvinders deltagelse i det politiske liv.
Family, school and peers help in shaping the personalities of boys and girls and decide upon their future social roles.
Det gennemførte også et ugelangt arrangement i februar 1994 for at fejre »75-året for kvinders stemmeret«.
A clear-cut destiny for the majority of women is still motherhood, meaning in most cases the complete care for children and elderly family members.
Støtten ydes ofte til kvindeorganisationer, som undertiden er helt afhængig af offentlig støtte og undertiden hviler økonomisk i sig selv.
In the 1970s the picture was quite clear: societies were divided in a domestic, private sphere which was predominantly women's and a public sphere which
I indledningen til bogen »Køn og partipolitik« skriver Lovenduski:
An American political scientist put it thus in 1977:
»/ 1960'erne og 1970'erne vendte mange kvindesagsforkæmpere i »den anden bølge« ryggen til de politiske institutioner og valgtaktiske manøvrer; i stedet foretrak de en form for politisk autonomi, som de fandt i nye sociale bevægelser.
'Identification for a young boy means association with the wider social political and economical environment; identification for a young girl means association with home and family and a relationship with the wider environment is only marginal.
Men i begyndelsen af 1980'erne fik man ¡gen øjnene op for betydningen af »mainstream-politikken«, og kvindesagsforkæmperne blev aktive medlemmer af politiske partier«27).
Specific political responses, which evolve later in childhood, fall into the already evolved framework of non-political orientations'.28
Mange af disse kvinder deltager i de interne diskussioner inden for de politiske partier om, hvorledes man kan gøre flere kvinder interesseret i det partipolitiske arbejde.
The near-complete absence of role models, women politicians, did not help either.
Samtidig findes der i visse lande en række kvindegrupper, som går sammen om at iværksætte kampagner i et forsøg på at få flere kvinder inddraget i den politiske beslutningsproces.
Research showed, for example, that young girls and boys did not differ much in their political interest.
De samarbejder omkring bevidstgørelseskampagner, de opfordrer vælgerne til at stemme på kvindelige kandidater, og de lægger pres på politiske partier, for at få disse til at opstille flere kvinder.
However, when girls grew older it was revealed to them that men's judgements did in fact command more attention and respect in the political sphere and this created, according to the researcher, a 'creeping disillusionment' among girls.29
• I Danmark udføres der et stort arbejde af Danske Kvinders Nationalråd, som består af 47 kvindeorganisationer.
Fortunately in the 1990s this situation has changed in most Member States.
Rådet formidler information og deltager i den offentlige debat.
Women political leaders are not a rarity anymore.
Det lægger et vedvarende pres på politikerne og partierne ved at sende breve og offentliggøre resultaterne efter hvert valg.
At the highest levels, women such as Mary Robinson in Ireland, Gro Harlun Brundland in Norway, Finnboga dottir in Iceland, Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom mounted the platform and many others followed them as cabinet ministers and MPs.
De opfordrer også vælgerne til at stemme på kvinder.
The presence of women political leaders and politicians definitely helps in creating feelings that politics is also a 'woman's job'.
• I Tyskland finansierer Ministeriet for Kvinder og Ungdom de administrative omkostninger for det nationale hovedkontor for kvindeorganisationernes paraplyorganisation. Tyske Kvinders Råd.
This, and the fact that women increased their activities in the labour market and, particularly in the Northern countries, caught up with men in education, have meant that the division between public and private spheres is not so clear cut.
• I Spanien findes der en række ngo'er, såsom »Forum for kvinder i politik« og »Sammenslutningen for støtte til europæiske kvinders lobby«, som gennem fører aktiviteter med henblik på at fremme kvinders deltagelse i den politiske beslutningsproces, normalt op til et valg.
As a consequence gender differences in voting and other forms of political participation and political interest are gradually decreasing.
• I Nederlandene blev foreningen »1994: Vrouwen kiezen in de politiek« (1994 (valgår): kvinder ind i politik) stiftet i 1990 og støttet økonomisk af den hollandske regering.
This does not mean of course that socialization into gender roles is no longer a relevant factor.
Foreningen samordnede aktiviteterne for 29 separate kvindeorganisationer, herunder en række kvindefløje i politiske partier, alt sammen med henblik på at aktivere kvinder politisk.
As we discussed in Chapter 3, the fact that many women are socialized to become mothers and housewives has led to a clear underrepresentation of women in those occupations from which political officials are drawn.
De deltagende organisationer planlagde selv aktiviteterne med henblik på at nå disse mål, og disse aktiviteter blev koordineret af foreningen.
The underrepresentation of women in the eligible pool (lawyers and high-level civil servants for example) still explains to a large extent the absence of women in cabinet and parliament.
Siden starten på kampagnen i marts 1993 er der blevet organiseret en lang række aktiviteter lige fra instruktionsmøder for kvinder, der er interesseret i at blive byrådsmedlemmer til seminarer, hvor der gøres rede for formålet med kampagnen.
There are of course two ways to solve this problem: increase the number of women in senior professional positions or change the eligibility requirements.
Op til valget i 1998 ønsker organisationen at indsamle en million underskrifter med krav om en lige repræsentation af kvinder og mænd.
However, at the European seminar on 'Strategies for a gender balance in political decisionmaking' in March 1995 several strategies were discussed for integrating project learning into schools political education curricula. Examples include:
• I Irland har »Women's Political Association«, som blev stiftet i 1971, været hovedkraften bag forskellige initiativer med henblik på at få flere kvinder indvalgt i parlamentet.
• Danish schools have a subject called 'Open debate', starting at primary level.
Gennem uddannelse, bevidstgørelseskampagner og seminarer samt praktisk støtte til kvindelige kandidater har sammenslutningen fungeret som springbræt for kvindelige kandidater og som platform for udbredelsen af kendskabet til de kvindelige kandidaters programerklæringer.
During these lessons, current political issues from children's daily lives, such as the establishment of an asylum for refugees or the strikes of civil servants are presented and discussed, thus raising awareness of the issues and strengthening the capacity for free speech from a very early age.
Samtlige organisationer iværksætter bevidstgørelseskampagner, udgiver nyhedsbreve, driver lobby-virksomhed over for offentlige myndigheder, afholder offentlige arrangementer, arrangerer kurser osv.
• In Spain, according the General Education Law adopted in 1990, all areas of education should include in a transversal way the study of equal opportunities between women and men in private and public life.
Det er nemmest at gennemføre forandringer, når forandringerne støttes af den brede befolkning.
There are schools that link the system of pupil representation to political education.
Kvinders deltagelse i den politiske beslutningsproces fremmes allerbedst, hvis man sikrer sig, at udvælgerne og vælgerne er klar over nødvendigheden af en lige repræsentation af mænd og kvinder i regeringen og i lovgivningsapparatet.
These show the children that solutions for the schools daily problems are part of the decisionmaking process of the student body, from the colour of the paint to the choice between Saturday lessons or longer lessons on the other days of the week.
Bevidstgørelseskampagner er derfor af væsentlig betydning.
The transition from school to working life is a crucial phase for all young people, not only in terms of future career perspectives, but also with regard to the development of attitudes towards the society in general.
I en række EU-lande tager regeringerne i dette øjemed midler i brug såsom tv-spots og annoncer, eller de tilskynder gennem økonomiske tilskud (kvindeorganisationerne eller de politiske partier til at gennemføre aktioner.
University and college students often have the chance to develop political interests by joining various groups and initiatives on campus and by participation in democratic elections for
Udvidelse af rekrutteringsunderlaget
Educational leave for young people as practiced in some countries can surely be a strategy.
Hvad: fremme kvinders og mænds deltagelse i det politiske liv gennem uddannelse
But it is obvious that the educational programmes offered must include political education in a way that is tailored to the real life situation of the target group.
Hvorledes: gennem afholdelse af uddannelseskurser eller finansiering af programmer, der er udarbejdet af de politiske partier og kvindeorganisationerne
• Co-financing by the European Social Fund has made it possible to create curricula combining vocational training, political education and personal development for the target group.
Hvorfor: fjerne hindringerne for, at kvinder kan deltage i den politiske beslutningsproces; gøre effektivt brug af menneskelige ressourcer, ved at flere kvinder deltager i beslutningsprocessen
Participants in these programmes, for example in Germany, tend to vote in elections (which they had given up doing previously) and to join organizations, unions, women's groups and parties.
Hvorfor bliver folk involveret i politik? Og hvorfor er der færre kvinder, der er involveret i politik end mænd?
• A good example of a training programme developed for women is the Women's University in Norway, Kvinneuniversitetet.
Der er blevet gennemført en lang række undersøgelser vedrørende socialiseringsprocessens indvirkning på indlæringen af politiske roller.
They offer a one year course called 'Thinking and caring — management and the feminist perspective'.
En helt klar rolle for de fleste kvinder er stadig moderrollen, hvilket i de fleste tilfælde betyder det fulde ansvar for børnepasningen og for ældre familiemedlemmers ve og vel.
This programme prepares women for public office and leadership positions in the business world.
I 1970'eme var billedet forholdsvis klart: Samfundet var opdelt i en privat sfære, hvor kvinder hovedsagelig hørte hjemme, og en offentlig sfære, som var forbeholdt mænd.
Programmes specifically targeted at the enlargement of the recruitment pool for politics are also to be found in the field of further education and training.
»Identificering for en ung dreng betyder tilknytning til det videre sociale, politiske og økonomiske miljø.
• The Ministry for Social Affairs in the Netherlands, has sponsored several training programmes for women in general and for migrant women in particular.
Identificering for en ung pige betyder tilknytning til hjem og familie, og forbindelsen til et videre miljø er kun marginal. Senere i barndommen, hvor en særlig politisk interesse kunne tænkes at gøre sig gældende, vælger pigen et allerede formet mønster karakteriseret ved manglende politisk engagement«28).
Components of these training schemes are: knowledge of the political body, especially the legal and financial aspects; personal development, including communication and negotiating skills, presentation techniques, handling of the media; time management in working life, political life and at home; psychological support and progress assessment.
Den næsten fuldstændige mangel på forbilleder, nemlig kvindelige politikere, var også et minus.
• The Swedish Government set up a committee in 1993 to analyse the reasons for the low number of women in top positions in private management and to propose measures which would promote changes in this respect.
Forskningsresultater viste f.eks., at unge piger og drenge ikke var særlig forskellige i deres politiske interesse. Men når pigerne blev ældre, opdagede de, at mænds vurderinger reelt vakte mere interesse og aftvang større
On the basis of the committee's final report, the Government decided in 1994 to set up a so-called 'private management academy' with the task of furthering knowledge, public debate and active work to increase the number of women in leading positions in private management.
Tilstedeværelsen af kvindelige politiske ledere og politikere bidrager helt afgjort til at skabe følelsen af, at politik også er et »kvindejob«.
Most large political parties offer training programmes for their members and their cadres, sometimes financed by the government.
Dette — og det forhold, at flere kvinder kom ud på arbejdsmarkedet, og især i de nordiske lande uddannelsesmæssigt nåede op på højde med mændene — har medvirket til, at skellet mellem den offentlige og den private sfære ikke er så markant.
These are specially directed to train women and men to stand for parliament and deal with campaigning skills, presentation and negotiation techniques and media training.