natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Udfoldelsen af disse behov kan ikke bygge på gratisprincippet og den skattefinansiering, som dette princip inde bærer; de kræver et nyt grundlag for betalinger: betaling efter hvor meget man bruger tjenesten (»taxameterbetaling«).
Careful consideration needs to be given to taking better account of the importance of incremental research, industrial realities and the interactive nature of the innovation process.
I Japan har den politiske ledelse været bevidst om informations- og kommunikationsteknologiens strategiske betydning for landets økonomiske udvikling siden midten af 1960'erne.
(e) Harnessing technologies and Improving the performance of Europe's ICT industry
Allerede dengang blev der etableret en samfundsmæssig konsensus om prioritering, midler og programmer.
(iii) Exploitation of RTD projects through industrial policy.
Bevidstheden om informationsinfrastrukturens betydning for fortsat okonomisk vækst i Japan har været baggrund for et program under den nye japanske plan for et okonomisk opsving.
Specific action could be launched consisting in developing pilot demonstrations in those areas where market forces are slow to commercialize the results of RTD (multimedia, in particular).
Moderne teknologi ændrer fundamentalt på forholdet mellem stat og borger.
Unlike its competitors, Europe's ICT industry does not have a firm hold on its home market.
Bor geren får adgang til »offentlig service« som individ og betaler i forhold til hvor meget hun bruger af den.
Europe must be given the applications necessary to meet its needs and the ability to devise the requisite applications software.
Overfores sådanne tjenester til markedet vil der opstå et nyt privat serviceudbud, som vil give mange nye arbejdspladser.
A solid software industry base is inconceivable without close cooperation with equipment suppliers and early knowledge of how their equipment per forms.
Dog kun hvis det bliver billigere for brugeren — ellers vil ingen føle sig foranlediget til at benytte sig af til buddet.
Because of the speed of new developments, it is essential to know the specifications of equipment and components before they are available on the market, otherwise it is possible only to follow developments, which leaves very little scope for initiative.
Dertil kommer, at det er vigtigt at sørge for, at overforsien ikke giver social slagside.
Having a strong European ICT industry would also help considerably in maintaining a scientific and technological community in Europe, and particularly in harnessing generic manufacturing technology. nology.
EF og medlemsstaterne har taget mange initiativer for at etablere en informationsinfrastruktur.
(iv) Adapting industrial and commercial policies to the new international situation.
Det lovgivningsmæssige grundlag for telekommunikationsvirksomhed er blevet ændret (f.eks. er tillægstjenesterne liberaliseret, og der er lagt et pro gram for liberalisering af taletelefonien i 1998), der er programmer for stötte til forskning og teknologisk udvikling og for udvikling af telematiksystemer af almen interesse, og der er etableret en politik for standardisering, en innovationspolitik og en regionalstøttepolitik.
Globalization of the economy and the existence of unfair competitive practices in the various markets of the Triad create competitive advantages which could seriously handicap European companies. In accordance with the Council resolution of November 1991, ' higher priority should be given to specific measures aimed at levelling competitive practices and launching international cooperation programmes.
Den europæiske strategi skal have et tredobbelt sigte:
Conclusions: Combining our efforts
Hvor hurtigt det vil gå er ikke til at sige.
(i) Promotion of 'strategy watch' at European level.
De økonomier, som når først gennem forandringerne under rimelige forhold, kommer til at nyde godt af betydelige konkurrencefordele. Derfor fremskynder USA og Japan overgangen.
There should be action to raise awareness on strategy watch, to reinforce the measures already taken and to coordinate and rationalize existing resources in order to remedy the lack of strategy watch structures and organizations in Europe.
— Indsatsen må fra starten have et globalt perspektiv. Det betyder, at vi må skabe gunstige vilkår for, at europæiske virksomheder og aktorer kan indgå i internationale alliancer.
A Community policy aimed at establishing a common information area will help to increase competition and improve European competitiveness.
Udbygningen af en informationsinfrastruktur over hele landet ses som et afgø rende initiativ for væksten i USA.
Council resolution of 18 November 1991 concerning electronics, information and communication technologies (SN 211/91).
gethed, kulturel mangfoldighed, økonomisk uensartethed — og mere generelt: bevaring af den europæiske samfunds model.
To this end, steps should be taken to promote the creation of new jobs, for example, in new social services.
også, at efterspørgslen ikke er synlig: den kan ikke komme til udtryk, fordi der mangler en kommunikationsinfrastruktur.
Devising a policy to promote a common information area requires in particular the setting-up of an efficient system for cooper­ation between the parties concerned.
For at komme ud af dette dilemma må det offentlige spille en rolle som impulsgiver, vejviser og koordinator.
Because of the Community's political struc­ture, this is much more difficult than in the USA or Japan.
— Endelig skal vi skabe betingelserne for at Europa — i et åbent og konkurrence præget internationalt system — kan bevare evnen til at mestre den grundlæggende teknologi i tilstrækkelig grad og sikre eksistensen af en avanceret og konkurrencedygtig industri.
Establishing an information infrastructure will require urgent and structured measures. If these measures are to be credible and successful, it is important to define them clearly, to specify a timetable and to put in place resources or structures which will ensure that this timetable is respected.
For det tredje skal det offentlige at tilvejebringe betingelserne for at europæiske virksomheder dels kan udvikle deres strategi i et konkurrencepræget miljø, både inden for EF og på verdensmarkedet, dels kan blive ved med at beherske og videreudvikle de kritiske teknologier i Europa.
We must therefore combine our efforts in Europe and make greater use of synergy in order to achieve as soon as possible objec­tives aimed at building an efficient Euro­pean information infrastructure and taking the necessary measures for creating new services.
Overgangen til et informationssamfund er en uhyre kompleks proces, som kræver nye partnerskabs- og samarbejdsformer mellem forskellige offentlige og private aktører.
Modern biotechnology constitutes a growing range of techniques, procedures and processes, such as cell fusion, r-DNA technology, biocatalysis, that can substitute and complement classical biotechnologies of selective breeding and fermentation.
I forbindelse med de foranstaltninger, der foreslås i det følgende, skal subsidiaritetsprincippet følges, dels mellem private og offentlige instanser, dels mellem nationale myndigheder og EF-instanser.
This confluence of classical and modern techno­logies enables the creation of new products and highly competitive processes in a large number of industrial and agricultural acti­vities as well as in the health sector.
— bedre muligheder for, at den private sektor kan overtage leveringen af hidtil offentlige ydelser, herunder et nyt partnerskab mellem det offentlige og det private, f.eks på uddannelsesområdet
This would provide the impulse to radically transform the competitiveness and growth potential for a number of activities and open up new possibilities in other sectors such as diagnostics, bioremediation and production of process equipment (biohard­ware).
En strategi, der sigter mod at skabe et fælles informationsmiljö, må leve op til en række konkrete krav:
In terms of the quality of life, we should not underrate the important poten­tial of biotechnology for improving the environment by correcting pollution and for improving health by preventing or reme­dying illness or other physical problems.
— De bedste anvendelser af informations- og kommunikationsteknologi må skaffes større udbredelse, og der må udvikles europæiske IKT-applikationer.
It is proposed that a task force on Euro­pean information infrastructures be estab­lished with a direct mandate from the Euro­pean Council.
Dette er en fundamental målsætning, fordi det bidrager til at genskabe væk sten og styrke konkurrenceevnen.
This very highlevel task force would follow guidelines set by the European Council and would have the task of establishing priorities, deciding on pro­cedures and setting schedules.
— Kun en liberalisering af telesektoren kan frigore informationssamfundets markedskræfter: brugeren har brug for et varieret udbud af muligheder og af fordelagtige kommunikationstakster.
It would be required to report to the European Council within three months after first consulting all the parties concerned.
Men der skal stadig gøres en kollektiv indsats for at mobilisere dem, og der skal etableres en politisk ramme om en hurtig iværksættelse af vedtagne foranstaltninger.
The Community has taken a number of initiatives, on the one hand, to promote the competitiveness of bio-industries and, on the other hand, to ensure the safe applica­tion of biotechnology.
Processen vil hovedsagelig blive styret af den private sektor og støttet af fremskomsten af nye behov og nye markeder.
It implies mainly funding of research and development and the putting into place of a regulatory frame­work.
— Kun ved at fremskynde standardiseringen kan man skabe et europæisk informationsmiljö på grundlag af fragmenterede kommunikationsregioner.
It would consist of one member of the Commission, several members of the gov­ernments of the Member States, representa­tives of the European Parliament and highlevel representatives of industry, operators, users and financial institutions.
Den er informationssamfundets uundværlige grundlag.
The task force should be set up before the end of 1993.
Det offentlige skal i første række få greb om de samfundsmæssige virkninger, således at udstødningsfænomener undgås, beskæftigelsesvirkningen maksimeres, ud dannelsessystemerne tilpasses og kulturelle og etiske implikationer for borgernes tilværelse tages behørigt i betragtning, herunder, ikke at forglemme, forhold vedrørende beskyttelse af privatlivets fred.
Reinforcing the potential of biotechnology are a number of features which biotech­nology shares with electronics and informa­tion technologies: it is science-based, the scientific input being the most crucial ele­ment of the technology trajectory; the gap between developments in basic science and their research and development applica­tions and even further downstream is small and diminishing; a very major and growing
Politikken for etablering af et fælles informationsmiljö bor omfatte en række hovedområder: områder:
At the same time, the European Council should instruct the Council to speed up the work already being done aimed at setting up information infrastructures.
a) Udbredelse af de bedste anvendelser og udvikling af europæiske IKT-applikationer skillelig helhed.
Stimulus can be expected for process equipment, instrument and engineering sectors: and finally the impacts of the processes, techniques and hardware represented by bio technology are across a number of sectors.
Første element er målet, de andre er midler.
technology that the US biotechnology industry's revenues will grow at an average rate of 40% to reach USD 52 billion by the year 2000.
Med det nuværende teknologiske og industrielle udviklingstempo bør foranstaltningerne for at etablere en europæisk informationsinfrastruktur sættes i gang så hurtigt som overhovedet muligt, således at virksomhederne kan få et positivt udspil at rette sig ind efter og træffe deres strategiske valg ud fra.
The current industry size in Japan is officially put at USD 3.8 billion and is estimated by the Ministry of Interna tional Trade and Industry to reach USD 35 billion by the end of the century.
De instrumenter eller organer, der er nødvendige for at sikre, at produkterne og tjenesterne passer til hinanden og kan bruges sammen, må også tilvejebringes hurtigt.
In the Community, despite the emergence of a significant number of firms and a substantial growth in markets, primarily of bio-pharmaceuticals, to over USD 3 billion, at the current rate of growth, the value of output and employment is about the same as that in Japan.
Når virksomheder tager informatiksystemer i brug, skal de samtidig fastlægge deres strategiske mål, finde ud af, hvilke funktioner informatiksystemet skal varetage, og hvilke ydelser det skal bidrage med, og tilrettelægge arbejdet på en passende måde.
The Community is highly competitive in these sectors which cover chemicals, pharmaceuticals, health care, agriculture and agricultural processing, bulk and specialized plant protection products as well as decontamination, waste treatment and disposal.
Her ligger der en oplysningsopgave over for brugervirksomhederne.
These sectors where biotechnology has a direct impact currently account for 9% of the Community's gross valueadded (approximately ECU 450 billion) and 8% of its employment (approximately 9 million).
Vi anbefaler følgende retningslinjer for ind satsen på området: a. Udbredelse af de bedste IKT-anven-delser og udvikling af europæiske IKT-applikationer.
Beyond this, perhaps only modern biotech nology has the potential to provide significant and viable thrusts, compatible with CAP reform and not dependent on operating subsidies, to new energy/fuel and industrial outlets for agricultural raw materials.
Dette element er grundiæggende i kraft af dets bidrag til genskabelse af væksten, styrkelse af konkurrenceevnen og forbedring af beskæftigelsessituationen.
The important role of biotech nology in these sectors is likely to be to maintain employment by stimulating its productivity as well as to create highly skilled labour demand.
b. Tilvejebringelse af juridiske, lovgivningsmæssige, standardiseringsmæssige og politiske rammebetingelser, som stimulerer det private initiativ gennem åbning for konkurrence under hensyntagen til fælles (universelle tjenester og europæiske operatører) og individuelle (databeskyttelse, beskyttelse af privatlivets fred, sikkerhed) interesser.
The sectors with the greatest potential for the applications of biotechnology are amongst the most vigorous and competitive sectors in the Community with a long record of sustained growth, productivity increase, and highly competitive trade per formance.
c. Udvikling af transeuropæiske basistjenester inden for telekommunikation, en grundbetingelse for informationernes frie bevægelighed.
The Community firms in these sectors (chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agricultural processing) are leading firms at a global level with important capabilities in the domain of innovation.
d. Etablering af særlige uddannelser rettet mod omfattende informationsudnyttelse og mod IKT-industriens behov for kvalificeret arbejdskraft.
The following are two valid indicators of the potential of biotechnology: the pace of international innovative activity and the evidence of growth in output and valueadded in products derived through biotech nology.
Det drejer sig ikke om teknologi, men om organisation. For at hindre vildvækst af ukoordinerede og inkompatible europæiske applikationer, må der iværksættes et antal større applikationsprojekter, som kan sætte markedet i gang og, navnlig med hensyn til standarder, vise vejen mod et homogent marked.
Measuring innovative activity by patents filed for relevant products in the USA, the Community and Japan show that patents filed have increased from 1 100 per annum in the early 1980s to 3 350 per annum in 1990.
En stærk prioritering er nødvendig, men endnu ikke foretaget.
In 1980 the Community was in a leading position, by 1990 the USA was filing 50% more patents than the Community.
En sådan prioritering kan skabe markeder af tilstrækkelig størrelse til, at investeringerne i teleinfrastruktur bliver rentable og kan afskrives på tilfredsstillende vilkår. Hojt prioriterede områder kunne være:
European Patent Office (EPO) statistics reveal a similar evolution: between 1980 and 1991 biotechnology patents filed with the EPO increased by a factor of 10, the most being filed by US-based companies. panies.
— Forvaltningerne, hvor et styrket og udvidet IDA-program kan spille en rolle.
Among other factors favouring investment in biotechnology in the Community are the strong science base and infrastructure, the availability of skilled labour, and the high quality of process engineering and produc tion facilities.
Teknologibeherskelse og styrkelse af den europæiske informationsog kommunikationsindustris præstationsevne.
Current global indicators of the growth prospects of the biotechnology industry are the following: in the USA the industry based on modern biotechnology had a turn over of over USD 8 billion in 1992, a growth rate of 28% with employment growing at 13%.
— Tjenester af offentlig interesse. På grundlag af allerede gennemførte arbejder bor der gores en indsats for at sikre den faktiske gennemførelse af et
The key factors that may jeopardize a significant expansion of biotechnological applications in the Community are the following: lowing:
— Distancearbejde og fjernpartnerskab. Distancearbejde og fjernpartnerskab er vigtige betingelser for udflytning af arbejdspladser og virksomheder til mindre begunstigede egne i Europa (landdistrikter, randområder, omstillingsområder osv.).
For the 1993 financial year publicly financed US biotechnology research and development expenditures are set to exceed USD 4 billion; in Japan in 1991 they exceeded USD 900 million whereas the Community's and Member States' expenditures totalled around USD 600 million.
Der kunne lanceres et europæisk stimuleringsprojekt for at begunstige fremkomsten af distancearbejde og fjernpartnerskab.
The fourth research and development framework programme's proposes ECU 650 million in biotechnology over five years.
— Informations- og kommunikationssystemers sikkerhed.
Member States have also programmes devoted to R & D in biotechnology.
— Bedre inddragelse af IKT-brugerne i udarbejdelsen og iværksættelsen af EF's offentlige foranstaltninger.
The potential of biotechnology to dramatically impact on competitiveness is greatest in certain sectors of the Community chemicals, pharmaceuticals, process equipments and appliances, agriculture and agricultural processing.
c) Transeuropæiske basisteletjenester
These sectors contribute importantly to valueadded and employment.
— Styrket samordning af de offentlige for anstaltninger.
The observed international growth in output of between 30 and 40% in the most vigorous of the biotechnology dependent sectors and the associated labourintensive service activities (e.g. research, health care) has the capacity to provide a valuable stimulus to employment growth.
Der er stadig store vanskeligheder inden for europæisk telekommunikation. Det skyldes navnlig at de nationale telenet ikke passer sammen og kun vanskeligt fungerer sammen.
(ii) Privately financed research and develop ment on biotechnology in the Community has not compensated for the shortfall in public funding; on the con trary, available indicators identify a derealization — an investment out flow, largely net, from Community companies mainly towards the USA and Japan of USD 2.2 billion since 1984.
Hovedproblemet er ikke teknisk, men skyldes markedsstrukturen: der er ingen teleoperatører på europæisk plan og ingen basistjenester for hele Europa (elektronisk post og filoverførsel, adgang til databaser og interaktive billedudvekslingstjenester) ').
There exists the risk that the Community will be a leading future market for biopharmaceuticals but not a leading future producer.
Det er først og fremmest de private virksomheder, som skal investere i et fælles informationsmiljö.
(iii) Regulation concerning the safety of applications of the new biotechnology is necessary to ensure harmonization, safety, and public acceptance.
Mobikommunikation (GSM og PCN) er et andet område, som man bør være opmærksom på og fremme udviklingen af.
It has become clear that these issues should be examined in greater detail in
— Fremskyndelse af standardiseringen og integration af standarderne i tjenesterne, navnlig de standarder, som er afgø-
A greater recourse, where appropriate, to mutual recognition, is warranted to stimulate research activities across Member States.
') Bemærk, at det allerede nu er muligt at oprette et europæisk telefonbetalingskort eller et »europæisk Minitel« uden yderligere teknologisk udvikling -blot ved hjælp af nogle simple standardiseringstiltag.
Furthermore, if the Community is to avoid becoming simply a market rather than a producer of biotechnology-derived products then it is vital that Community regulations are harmonized with international practice.
— Brugeruddannelse: Det gælder om at gøre anvendelsen af ny teknik almindeligt udbredt inden for undervisning og uddan nelse, bl.a. gennem udvikling af egnede programmer og ved uddannelse af under visere.
(e) Member States should provide additional incentives to improve further the investment climate for biotechnology and to facilitate the transfer of applied research and development to the market place.
Styrkelse af samordningen, navnlig mellem telepolitikken og strukturfondene. dene.
These might include fiscal incentives respecting the existing Community guidelines that have a bearing on biotechnology innovation and investment.
d) Udvikling af hensigtsmæssige uddannelser
(f) The commercialization of biotech nology will in certain areas require specific actions aimed at further enhancing public understanding of the technology.
— Producentuddannelse: Det gælder om at uddanne de ingeniører og forskere, som europæisk IKT-industri har brug for.
Member States should encourage interest groups to make objective infor mation available and to encourage dia logue.
e) Teknologibeherskelse og styrkelse af den europæiske informationsog kommunikationsindustris ydeevne.
(b) The Commission intends to make full use of the possibilities which exist in the present regulatory framework on flexibility and simplification of procedures as well as for technical adaptation.
Det konkurrencepres, som europæisk industri er udsat for, betyder, at der stilles storre og større krav til alle medarbejderes kvalifikationer.
To sustain a high level of environmental protection and to underpin public acceptance, it is important to reinforce and pool the scientific support for regulations.
Hvis erhvervslederne skal blive klar over, hvilke muligheder informations- og kom munikationsteknologien byder på, og hvordan den bedst udnyttes (organisatoriske og samfundsmæssigt-faglige forudsætninger), så skal de have en særlig uddan nelse, som skaffer dem den viden.
An advisory body at Community level — scientific committee for biotechnology diffusion — could play a crucial role in intensifying scientific collaboration and in pro viding the needed support for a harmonized approach of the development of risk assessments underlying product approval.
De specifikke IKT-aspekter bor indføjes bedre i grunduddannelserne for arbejdere og teknikere.
This body could also advise on the development of a further Community strategy for biotechnology.
I modsætning til sine konkurrenter kan europæisk IKT-industri ikke støtte sig på et solidt hjemmemarked.
(g) It is necessary to clarify further value laden issues in relation to some applications of biotechnology.
Europa skal have rådighed over de applikationer, der er nodvendige for at det kan dække sine behov. Det skal også have kapacitet til at fremstille det dertil svarende applikationsprogrammel.
In view of this, the Commission will reinforce the role of the Group of Advisers on Ethical Implications of Biotechnology and other groups which examine in particular ethical questions related to biomedical research.