natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Kvinder, som ikke kan komme hjemmefra på grund af børn eller afhængige forældre, arbejder ofte hjemme som underleverandører eller med akkordarbejde, ofte i beklædningssektoren.
Homeworking, on a subcontracting or piecework basis and frequently in the clothing sector, is common in certain areas and for women who cannot leave home because of small children or dependent parents.
Fá kvinder i landdistrikterne er offentligt ansat, har Job Inden for transport og kommunikation, eller I bank- og finanssektoren, og de, der har det, er sædvanligvis unge og veluddannede.
Very few rural women work in public services, in transport and communications, or even in banking and insurance, and those who do are usually young and relatively well educated.
Selv om de græske kvinder fik stemmeret I 1952, fik de først i 1983 samme personlige og familiemæssige rettigheder som mænd.
Although Greek women gained the right to vote in 1952, only in 1983 did they gain equality with men in all aspects of individual and family rights.
Mellem 1982 og 1985 indførtes en række love, som gav kvinderne mulighed for - hvad tidligere kun mændene kunne - at gå ind I landbrugskot lekt Iver eller landbrugsfaglige sammenslutninger, at optage lån I iandbrugsbanken og tage Jævnbyrdig del I aktiviteter og beslutninger.
A series of laws were voted through between 1982 and 1985, which enabled rural women to join agricultural cooperatives or professional agricultural associations, to obtain loans from the agricultural bank and to join equally in activities and decision-making, all of which had previously been the sole privilege of men.
Kvinderne fik også en ganske vist beskeden moderskabsyde I se og personlig pension.
Rural women also gained maternity benefit and an individual pension, although at very low levels.
Livet på landet er stadig traditionelt, og moderniseringen af I Igest 111 Ingslovgivningen synes at have givet kvinderne mere arbejde og ansvar, men uden betaling eller belønning.
The rural environment is still very traditional and the modernisation of the legal system concerning equal rights appears to have brought more work and more responsibilities for rural women, but without payments or reward.
Indtjeningen for kvinder i lønnet landbrugsarbejde ligger langt under mændenes.
The earnings of women in paid agricultural employment remain well below those of men.
I Irland defineres landdistrikternes særkende forskelligt, og det skal tages med I betragtning ved fortolkningen af oplysninger.
Different definitions of "rurality" can be found in Ireland, and this must be born in mind in interpreting any information.
43% af den samlede befolkning på 3,5 millioner lever i landdistrikterne, og 35,6% I fem store byer, som stadig tiltrækker landbefolkningen, især de unge.
43 % of the total population of 3,5 million live in rural areas, with 35,6% living in just 5 large towns and cities, which still continue to attract rural dwellers, particularly the young.
26% af befolkningen lever i det store byområde Dublin.
26% of the population lives in just one urban area - greater Dublin.
Ifølge EUROSTAT var befolkningstætheden som helhed i 1990 den laveste I EF med 51 Indbyggere/km2 sammenlignet med EF-gennemsnittet på 153 Indbyggere/km2.
According to EUROSTAT, in 1990 the overall population density was the lowest of any EC Member State, at 51 inhabitants/km2compared to the EC average of 153 inhabitants/km2.
Efter et fortsat fald i befolkningen pä landet voksede befolkningstallet i 1980'erne, mest fordi byboerne bosatte sig I nærliggende landområder, mens de samtidigt arbejdede i nærmeste bycenter.
Following continuous decline of the rural population, the population in rural areas increased during the 1980s, due largely to city dwellers moving to neighbouring rural areas to live while working in the nearest urban centre.
De vigtigste erhverv i Irlands landdistrikter er landbrug, agroindustri, fiskeri og skovbrug.
The main economic activities of Ireland's rural regions are farming, agricultural industries, fishing and forestry.
Isoleret set er landbruget Irlands største erhverv.
Agriculture is Ireland's largest single industry.
I 1989 udgjorde det 10,5% af BNP og 14,5% af beskæftigelsen.
In 1989 it accounted for 10,5% of GDP and 14,5% of employment.
Landbrug og levnedsmiddel forarbejdning giver tilsammen en tredjedel af alle arbejdspladser.
Agriculture and the food processing sector together account for around a third of all employment.
Landbrugserhvervet bidrager også betydeligt til valutaindtjeningen.
Farming also contributes importantly to foreign exchange earnings.
Eksporten af landbrugsprodukter, fødevarer og drikkevarer udgjorde 25% af den samlede eksport i 1988, og bidraget til valutaindtjeningen var I størrelsesordenen 40% (Department of Agriculture and Food 1991).
Exports of agricultural and food products and beverages accounted for 25% of total exports in 1988, while their contribution to net foreign exchange earnings was of the order of 40% (Department of Agriculture and Food 1991).
Pá trods heraf ligger husstands Indtægten i landbruget kun pá 70% af EF-gennemsnlttet, og direkte beskæftigelse i erhvervet falder støt.
Despite this, the average farm family income is less than 70% of the EU average and direct employment in farming continues to decline steadily.
Underbeskæftigelse og arbejdsløshed (18,8% for kvinder og 17,0% for mænd i 1992, oplyser EUROSTAT) ligger meget højt.
Underemployment and unemployment (at 18,8% for women and 17,0% for men in 1992, according to EUROSTAT) are at very high levels.
Hele landbrugssektoren kæmper med alvorlige strukturproblemer med lave indtægter og meget stor underbeskæftigelse pá gårdene.
The entire agricultural sector is suffering from serious structural difficulties with low farm incomes and high levels of underemployment on farms.
Der er ikke nok arbejde uden for landbruget. Industri og handel er koncentreret I større byer, og turisme og agroturisme, som er vokset betydeligt, giver sæsonbegrænset, lavtlønnet og ufaglært arbejde.
Nonagricultural employment is insufficient, with industrial and commercial activities concentrated in the main towns and cities, and tourism and agrotourism, which have grown substantially, providing seasonal, low-skilled, low-paid work.
I 1986 levede over en halv million kvinder i landdistrikterne, svarende til ca. 41% af alle kvinder I Irland.
In 1986, more than half a million women lived in rural areas, around 41% of all women in Ireland.
Kvinder under 65 er underrepræsenteret I landbefolkningen.
Women under the age of 65 are under-represented in the rural population.
Af kvinder i landdistrikterne var 30% ugifte, 55% gifte og 13,4% enker.
Of rural women, 30% were single, 55% married and 13,4% widowed.
Der er forholdsmæssigt flere gifte kvinder, enker og ældre kvinder i landdistrikterne end i byområder.
Proportionately, there are more married, widowed and older women in rural areas than in urban areas.
Kvinder i landdistrikter klassificeres I officielle statistikker som landmænd og landmandskoner, Industriarbejdere, offentlige og private funktionærer, hjemmearbejdende, fiskerkoner, selvstændige, medhjælpende hustru pá gärde eller familievirksomheder mv. Mange kvinder falder ind under kategorien "medhjælpende hustru".
Rural women are classified in official statistics as farmers and farmers' wives, industrial workers, employees in public and private services, homeworkers, fishermen's wives, self-employed, relatives assisting on farms and in family businesses... Many married women fall into the category of "helper spouse".
De er ikke partnere, men deltager regelmæssigt I deres selvstændige mands arbejde og udfører tiisvarende eller supplerende arbejde.
They are not associates or partners, but regularly share in the activities of their selfemployed husband and perform similar or complementary tasks.
De har sjældent hverken Juridisk status, ret til eller sameje i gård eller ejendom, og de kan ikke fá socialsikring, men kun afledt støtte.
They rarely have a' legal professional status, rarely have title to or jointly own the farm or property and are not eligible for social insurance cover, receiving only derived benefits.
Manglen pá anerkendt erhvervsstatus og definitionen af erhvervsarbejde tilsammen betyder, at meget af det arbejde, der udføres af kvinder I landdistrikter og kvinder I landbruget, er skjult, og at deres bidrag til BNP og til de økonomiske funktioner I familiebrug eller familievirksomheder kraftigt undervurdes.
The combination of the lack of recognised status and the definition of economic work means that much of the work undertaken by rural and farm women is hidden, leading to a major underestimation of women's contribution to GDP and to the economic functions carried out within family farms and businesses.
De officielle statistikker medregner primære aktiviteter, som, hvis de defineres som husarbejde, i endnu højere grad undervurderer kvindernes bidrag.
This contributes to women's marginalisation within rural development policies and strategies.
Hverken husarbejdet eller supplerende økonomisk aktivitet (ofte 30 timer om ugen eller mere) medregnes.
Official statistics record primary activity, which if defined as housework doubly underestimates women's contribution; neither her domestic work nor her secondary economic activities (which may amount to 30 hours or more of work per week) are recorded.
Officielle statistikker for kvindernes erhvervsfrekvens, beskæftigelse og økonomiske erhverv er derfor stærkt fordrejet.
Official statistics on women's activity rates, employment and economic occupations are therefore highly biased.- .-
Arbejdsløsheden for kvinder var 15,1% i byområder og 14,1% I landdistrikter, en følge af den lavere erhvervsfrekvens og den større "skjulte" arbejdsløshed.
Unemployment rates among women were 15,1 % in urban areas and 14,1 % in rural areas, a corollary of the lower activity rates and higher levels of "hidden" unemployment.
Blandt kvinder med lønarbejde er der flere, som er arbejdsgivere, selvstændige og medhjælpende famille I landdistrikter end I byområder.
Among women in paid employment, there are higher proportions of working women who are employers, selfemployed and assisting relatives in rural areas than in urban areas.
Bortset fra landbruget synes der kun at være beskedne forskelle mellem beskæftigelsesstrukturen i by- og landområder.
Apart from the obvious exception
Begge steder er fremstillingsvirksomhed stærkt repræsenteret (18,3% af kvindernes arbejde I byområder, 20,3% i andre områder), og det samme gælder liberale erhverv (28,9% I byer, 30,1% andre steder), handel og forsikring (25,1% i byer, 21,0% i andre områder).
of farming, the employment structure appears to differ little between urban and rural areas. In both, manufacturing is strongly represented (18,3% of female employment in urban areas, 20,3% in other areas), as are the professions (28,9% urban, 30,1% other areas) and commerce and insurance (25,1% urban, 21,0% other areas).
Landbruget beskæftigede 7,1% af den kvindelige arbejdsstyrke i ikke-bymæssIge områder i 1981, men pá grund af den underrepræsentation, kvindernes arbejde udsættes for, kan det Ikke tages som udtryk for landbrugets relative betydning for landbokvindernes økonomiske aktiviteter.
Agriculture employed 7,1% of the female workforce in non-urban regions in 1981, but, given the under-representation of female work, this cannot be taken as an indication of the relative importance of agriculture in rural women's economic activities.
Ud over de 111.000 landmandskoner l 1990 var Ifølge EF 24.000 kvinder registreret som gårdejere og 14.000 som "medhjælpende hustru".
In addition to 111.000 farm wives in 1990, there were, according to the EC, 24.500 women in ownership of farms and 14.000 in the "assisting relatives" category.
De fleste kvinder går ind i landbrugserhvervet gennem giftermål med landmænd og har inden ægteskabet været beskæftiget uden for landbruget.
Most women enter farming as an occupation by marrying a farmer, and will have been in a non-farm occupation before marriage.
En oversigt over landmandskoner viser, at lidt over halvdelen har mindre børn, næsten en tredjedel bor på landbrug, hvor manden har arbejde uden for gården, og ca. 20% af kvinderne, mest de yngre, er beskæftiget uden for landbruget.
A survey of farm wives showed that just over half have young children, nearly a third are on farms where the husband has an offfarm job, and around 20% of the women, mostly younger women, are engaged in offfarm work.
Landmandskonerne vælger arbejde uden for landbruget for at styrke den Økonomiske uafhængighed, status og personlige Identitet, som arbejde pá gården ikke giver.
Farm women choose offfarm employment as a means to increase their financial independence, status and personal identity, which are not possible within the sphere of farm work.
Men mulighederne for beskæftigelse uden for gården er I mange landdistrikter yderst begrænsede, og de store landbofamilier gør det vanskeligt at arbejde uden for gården.
But the opportunities for offfarm employment in many rural areas are extremely few and far between, and the large size of farm families makes working outside the farm difficult.
Ifølge en anden undersøgelse udførte 62% af kvinderne manuelt arbejde.
According to another survey, 62% of farm wives did manual farm work.
Gennemsnitligt brugte de 38 timer om ugen pá arbejde pá bedriften, herunder kontorarbejde, administration og ledelse.
On average farm wives spend 38 hours a week on farm work, including office work, administration and decision-making.
Trods arbejdets betydning betragtes det for 60% af kvinderne som bidrag til familien, og 17% fik slet Ikke løn for det.
In spite of the importance of their contribution, for 60% of farm wives the work was seen as a family contribution and 17% received no payment at all.
Pigernes uddannelsesniveau i landdistrikterne er lidt lavere end i byerne, og andelen af kvinder, som går ud af skolen som sekstenårige eller yngre, er større i landdistrikterne.
Education levels of girls are slightly lower in rural areas than urban areas, and the proportion of females who complete education at 16 years and under is higher in rural areas.
Landbokvindernes deltagelse I træning og videreuddannelse er blevet lidt større I de senere år, men er stadig lav.
The participation of rural women in training and continuing education has improved slightly in recent years, but remains very low.
Et af de væsentligste problemer for kvinderne I Irlands landdistrikter er adgangen til serviceydelser og faciliteter og dermed Isolation og ensomhed.
One of the most consistent problems for rural women in Ireland is access to services and facilities, and the resulting isolation and loneliness.
I de sidste 20 år er den offentlige transport reduceret betydeligt, og det har lagt store byrder især pá kvinder I lavtlønsfamlI ler og kvinder, som tager sig af ældre slægtninge.
Public transport has been reduced dramatically in the last two decades, placing considerable burdens on women, particularly those who live in lowincome households and care for elderly relatives.
Selv om mange familier har bil, kører kvinderne kun I begrænset omfang.
Although many rural households own a car, women's access to the family car is restricted.
Andre problemer er manglende børnepasning, mangel pá billige aflastningsordninger for kvinder I landbruget (under graviditet og barsel og ved deltagelse I uddannelse) samt dårlig (eller dyr) adgang til oplysninger og rådgivning.
Other problems include lack of childcare, lack of affordable relief services for farm women (during maternity or to attend training) and poor (or expensive) access to information and advice.
Uden for de vigtigste byområder kan Italien groft Inddeles I tre geografiske områdetyper: omrader omkring byer, med spredt industri, rigt landbrug, indvandring af "nye landboere" fra byerne, og byens livsstil, som erstatter traditionel levevis; turistområder på landet (sletter, bakker, bjerge, kyster), hvor landbruget mister sin betydning, traditionelle aktiviteter ændres I ferleperioderne, og byernes livsstil og Infrastruktur vinder stigende Indpas-, marginale områder Inde i landet, især I Syditalien og pá Øerne, hvor afvandringen fra landbruget og
Outside of the main urban zones, Italy can be divided roughly into three geographical types of area: peri-urban areas, with scattered industrial establishments, rich agriculture, an influx of "new country dwellers" fleeing the cities, and urban models of life which have replaced traditional lifestyles; rural tourism areas (plains, hills, mountains, coasts) where agriculture is losing its importance, traditional activities are altered during holiday periods and urban lifestyles and infrastructure are increasingly being adopted; and internal and marginal areas, principally in the south and on the islands, marked by a still significant rural and agricultural exodus, traditional
landdistrikter stadig er stor, og som er karakteriseret af traditionel levevis, aldrende befolkning, meget lave Indtægter og mangel pä grundlæggende serviceydelser.
lifestyles, ageing of the population, very low incomes and lack of basic services.
Kontrasten mellem de forskellige typer landområder bliver stadig mere markant i takt med, at de udviklede landområder udvikles endnu mere, og de fattigere og marginale omrader bliver stadigt fattigere (CEPFAR 1990).
This contrast between the different types of non-urban area is becoming more marked, with the more developed rural areas becoming more so and the poorer and marginal regions dropping to increasingly lower levels (CEPFAR 1990).
I de seneste årtier har der I visse traditionelle landdistrikter og landbrugsområder I Italien været en kraftig ekspansion af små virksomheder (62% af virksomheden uden for landbruget, skabt mellem 1971 og 1981, lá i landdistrikterne; I det traditionelle landbrugsområde Marche lá 74% af fremstillingsvirksomheden I 1981 I landdistrikter eller lignende områder).
In recent decades, some traditionally rural and agricultural areas of Italy have seen an extraordinary expansion of small rural enterprises (62% of nonagricultural employment created between 1971 and 1981 was in rural areas; in the traditionally agricultural region of the March in 1981 74% of manufacturing employment was in rural or semi-rural areas).
I de sidste ti år har der været en kraftig udvikling i servicesektoren, både den offentlige og den private.
The last decade has seen extensive development of the service sector, both public and private.
Men nedskæringerne af de offentlige udgifter vil også ramme beskæftigelsen i den offentlige sektor I fremtiden, med særlige virkninger for kvinderne.
However, cutbacks in public expenditure are likely to have a negative impact on public sector employment in the future, which will particularly affect women.
Kvinderne i Italiens landdistrikter spiller en vigtig og kompleks rolle i familien og i lønnet og ulønnet arbejde.
Women in rural areas in Italy play an important and complex role, in the family and in paid and unpaid work.
Deres rolle I erhvervslivet er fleksibel, idet mange kvinder Især I landdistrikternes turistområder udfører forskelligt arbejde afhængigt af sæsonen.
Their economic role is flexible, with many rural women, particularly in tourist areas, carrying out different tasks according to the different seasons.
Kvindernes erhvervsfrekvens er lavere end mændenes. I Syditalien, hvor de marginale landdistrikter er dominerende, er erhvervsfrekvensen for kvinder det halve af mændenes.
Activity rates for women are lower than those of men; in the South, where marginal rural areas predominate, female activity rates are half the level of those of men.
Dog fortæller officielle statistikker kun en del af historien, fordi meget af kvindernes arbejde er uofficielt.
However, official statistics tell only a partial story since much of women's work in rural areas is in the informal economy.
I det formelle erhvervsliv i landdistrikterne synes kvinderne af have usikre og begrænsede jobmuligheder.
In the formal economy in rural areas, women tend to have insecure and limited job opportunities.
I mange områder foregår meget af kvindernes arbejde I familievirksomheder.
In many areas a substantial proportion of women's employment is carried out within the family business.
Mange kvinder i landdistrikterne forlader arbejdsmarkedet, så snart de får børn.
Many rural women tend to exit from the labour market as soon as they become mothers.
De har meget husarbejde: over 87% af kvinderne siger, at deres mænd Ikke hjælper med husarbejdet.
Rural women have a heavy burden of domestic work: over 87% of women say that their husband does not help with the housework.
Mange kvinder i landdistrikterne Ønsker "afløsning" og aflastning.
Many rural women express a need for "replacement" and supporting services.
De fleste unge kvinder I landdistrikterne vil gerne have lønnet arbejde ved siden af arbejde I hjem og pä gården, men de møder mange vanskeligheder: økonomiske (arbejdsløsheden pä landet er stor for både mænd og kvinder, og der er mangel pá Jobs), kulturelle (der ses stadigt skævt til gifte kvinder med udearbejde), og manglen pá service, der sætter dem I stand til at kombinere lønnet arbejde med børnenes skolegang.
Most young rural women would like to have a salaried job outside the home and farm, but they encounter many difficulties: for economic reasons (rural unemployment rates are high for both men and women and jobs are scarce), for cultural reasons (there is still prejudice against married women working outside the home) and because of lack of services which would enable them to match paid employment with school timetables.
Kvinderne kan heller Ikke pendle til arbejde, fordi deres mænd allerede gør det, og det giver endnu dårlige beskæftigelsesmuligheder.
Nor can rural women commute to work, since this is generally already done by their husbands, limiting their job prospects even further.
Kvindernes deltagelse I landbruget er vokset i de senere år, selv om de officielle tal måske er højere end virkelighedens: kvinder kan registreres som driftsledere, fordi deres mænd har fået lønarbejde, eller de kan registreres som landbrugsmedhjælpere for at kunne fá social sikring.
Women's presence in farming has increased over recent years, although official figures may record higher levels than is the case in reality: women may be registered as heads of farms because their husbands have obtained a salaried job or they may be registered as farm workers in order to obtain benefits.
Ikke desto mindre er kvindernes bidrag til landbruget betydelig, og deres procentvise andel af beskæftigelsen her er stigende.
Nonetheless, women's contribution to agriculture is substantial and their presence in agricultural employment in percentage terms is growing.
Kvinder udgør 36% af beskæftigelsen i landbruget, mere I det sydlige og centrale Italien.
Women represent 36% of agricultural employment, with higher levels in the South and Central Italy.
Mellem 1988 og 1990 voksede antallet af gärde, der drives af kvinder, med 10%, fra 22% til 26% af det samlede antal.
Between 1988 and 1990 farms run by women increased by 10%, from 22% to 26% of the total, although women generally manage the smaller farms.
Dog driver kvinderne I almindelighed de mindre gärde.
mobility and less access to credit.
De faktorer, der hindrer (flere) kvinder i at blive driftsledere, er: manglende uddannelse (kvindernes uddannelsesniveau er lavere end mænds), ringere mobilitet og adgang til län.
When a farm is run by a woman, different patterns of work within the family-run business prevail.
Pá gårde, der drives at kvinder, er der andre arbejdsmønstre i den familiedrevne virksomhed.
The women receive very little help from their husbands (compared to the reverse situation when the farm is run by a man), and the main help they get within the family is from their parents or sisters.