natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Men fri udveksling af tjenesteydelser (i det pågældende tilfælde inden for bygge- og anlægssektoren og det offentlige) gælder fuldt ud, især for Portugal, allerede fra dette lands tiltrædelse af Fællesskabet.
Member States, in any event, are never entitled to invoke the legitimate expectations of the recipients of aid as grounds for non­compliance with a Commission decision ordering its repayment, irrespective of any national rules concerning such matters.
Dog skal modtagelsesmedlemsstaten kunne kontrollere, om en portugisisk virksomhed, der er involveret i bygge- og anlægsarbejder eller offentlige arbejder, ikke benytter den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser til et andet formål, f,eks. til at tilkalde personale med henblik på ansættelse eller at stille arbejdstagere til rådighed i modstrid med tiltrædelsesaktens artikel 216.
In this particular case the German Govern­ment, having infringed Article 93(3) of the Treaty, was not entitled to rely on Baden­Württemberg legislation on the protection of acquired rights in order to free itself from its obligation.
Fællesskabsretten forbyder heller ikke medlemsstaterne, at de ved passende midler søger disse regler overholdt.
Free movement of persons, social provisions and capital movements
Der foreligger et stort antal retsafgørelser fra Domstolen vedrørende ligebehandling af Fællesskabets statsborgere, og retspraksis er konstant, men sag C-175/ 892) er interessant, fordi den vedrører skjult forskelsbehandling på skatteområdet, der er forbudt i henhold til artikel 7 i forordning (EØF) nr. 1612/683), der indeholder gennemførelsesbestemmelserne til den generelle regel i EØF-Traktatens artikel 48, stk. 2.
In Rush Portuguesa ν Office national d'immigration1the Court held that, where workers employed by a firm providing services are temporarily moved to the Member State in which the services are to be provided and then return to their country of origin on completion of their duties, the provisions of the Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal2whereby the other Member States may make access to employment and immigration subject to prior authorization are not applicable.
Det er nemlig disse, der ofte forlader landet i løbet af året, eller som nedsætter sig dér.
The freedom to provide services (in this case, in the building and public works industry) must be fully operative in the case of Portugal from the time of accession to the Community.
Som begrundelse for den pågældende nationale foranstaltning havde skattemyndighederne gjort gældende, at formålet med bestemmelsen var at sikre et progressivt skattesystem, idet indtægterne og dermed beskatningen skulle fordeles mellem mindst to medlemsstater ved bopælsskift i løbet af et skatteår. Domstolen accepterede ikke denne begrundelse.
Nevertheless, the host Member State must be able to check whether a Portuguese construction firm is not availing itself of the freedom to provide services for another purpose — for example, to enable its staff to travel for the purpose of being taken on as workers in breach of Article 216 of the Act of Accession.
446 FÆLLESSKABSRETTEN
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANTIVE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW
Domstolen udledte hovedsagelig denne konklusion af målsætningen for forordning (EØF) nr. 1612/68, dvs. af arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed, idet det herfor kræves, for at den kan gennemføres under overholdelse af frihed og værdighed, at optimale integrationsbetingelser for EF-arbejdstagerens familie i værtslandet er opfyldt.
To justify the national provision in question, the tax authorities had stated that its purpose was to ensure that taxation was progressive since income and, consequently, tax liability arose in at least two Member States if there was a change of residence during the tax year.
For at en sådan integrering kan lykkes, må et barn af en EF-arbejdstager, der med sin familie bor i værtsmedlemsstaten, have mulighed for at vælge studier på samme vilkår som et barn, der er statsborger i denne medlemsstat. stat.
This reasoning was rejected by the Court, which ruled that if taxpayers who are temporarily resident have received no income during the tax year in the country which they have left or in the country in which they take up residence, they will be at a disadvantage as compared with permanently resident taxpayers since they are deprived of their entitlement to the refund of any overpayment of tax, whereas the permanent resident is entitled to such a refund at all times.
For så vidt angår børnetilskud til arbejdstagere, der flytter inden for Fælles skabet, har Domstolen i dom af 13. november3) afgjort et spørgsmål om fortolkning af artikel 99 i forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71 4), som ændret ved Rådets forordning EØF) nr. 2001/83 5) og af artikel 60 i akten om Spaniens og Portugals tiltrædelse af Fællesskabet og om tilpasning af Traktaterne6).
In Di Leo ν Land Berlin2the Court held that the right to equality of treatment, as provided for in Article 12 of Regulation No 1612/68 on freedom of movement for workers within the Community,1 must also be extended to a child who follows a training course outside the host country — in particular, in the Member State of which he or she is a national.
Dette spørgsmål var opstået på grund af dommen af 15 januar 19867), hvorefter artikel 73, stk. 2, i forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71 blev ugyldiggjort.
The Court based its ruling mainly on the purpose of the Regulation — freedom of movement for workers.
Domstolen fandt, at den ensartede løsning for samtlige medlemsstater, der omhandles i artikel 99 i forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71, hvortil artikel 60 i tiltrædelseakten henviser, med henblik på at bringe overgangsordningen vedrørende børnetilskud til ophør for spanske arbejdstagere, der er beskæftiget i en anden medlemsstat end Spanien, og hvis familiemedlemmer bor i Spanien, trådte i kraft efter ovennævnte dom af 15. januar 1986.
If this was to be guaranteed without any infringement of individual liberty or dignity, the families of Community workers had to be integrated as fully as possible into the society of the host country.
Ugyldiggørelsen efter artikel 73, stk. 2, i forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71 har således medført, at den ordning for udbetaling af børnetilskud, der var fastsat i artikel 73, stk. 1, i samme forordning, anvendes, indtil Rådet vedtager nye regler herfor, der er i overensstemmelse med EØF-Traktatens artikel 51.
And this in turn required that the children of Community workers living with their family in a Member State other than their own had to be able to choose their course of studies on the same terms as children who were nationals of that Member State.
') Dom af 13. november 1990, sag C-308/89, Carmina di Leo mod Land Berlin (EFT C 306 af 6.12.1990).
The Court held that the uniform solution for all Member States, as referred to in Article 99 of Regulation No 1408/71 and in Article 60 of the Act of Accession (on
5) EFT L 230 af 22.8.1983 og Syttende Almindelige Beretning, nr. 326.
OJ L 230, 22.8.1983; Seventeenth General Report, point 326. OJ L 302, 15.11.1985.
FOKTOLKNING OG ANVENDELSE AF FÆLLESSKABSRETTENS MATERIELLE REGLER 447
Once Article 73(2) of Regulation No 1408/71 had been declared void, the system laid down in Article 73(1) for the payment of family allowances became generally applicable, the Council having failed to adopt new rules under Article 51 of the EEC Treaty.
I sag C-30/89 ' ) vedrørte konflikten spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt Frankrig skulle stille et beløb som egne indtægter til disposition for Kommissionen svarende til den del af transporten mellem sit nationale territorium og Korsikas departementer, der foretages i eller over internationalt farvand.
In Case C-30/89 Commission ν France1 the Court had to decide whether France was obliged to make available to the Commission, as own resources, the VAT on that part of the transport service between mainland France and Corsica which is provided in or above international waters.
Domstolen fandt, at den eneste forpligtelse, som sjette direktiv2) pålægger medlemsstaterne med hensyn til beskat ning af transportydelser er. at de skal afgiftsbelægge ydelser, der udføres på disse staters territorium.
The Court held that the only obligation which the sixth Directive2 placed on the Member States as regards the taxation of transport services was that they should subject to taxation the services provided within their territorial limits.
Direktivet tilpligter således ikke medlemsstaterne at afgiftsbelægge den del af transporten, der finder sted i internationalt område, selv såfremt denne foregår mellem to punkter af det nationale territorium, uden stop i en anden medlemsstat og uden følger for andre staters afgiftskompetence.
The Directive does not, then, oblige Member States to tax those parts of the journey which occur in international waters or airspace, even if transport is provided between two points of the same national territory without any place of call in another country and without any encroachment on the tax jurisdiction of other States.
Den eneste konsekvens, der kan udledes af den generelle målsætning i sjette direktiv er, at i de medlemsstater, der benytter sig af muligheden for at udvide deres skattelovgivnings anvendelsesområde ud over deres egentlige territorium, skal beskatningen af de pågældende operationer overholde de fælles regler, der fastlægges i direktivet.
The only consequence which may be inferred from the general objective of the sixth Directive is that Member States which make use of the freedom to extend the scope of their tax legislation beyond their strict territorial limits must observe the common rules laid down by the Directive as regards subjecting transactions to tax.
Derfor er artikel 119 i Traktaten til hinder for, at en mand, der er afskediget af økonomiske grunde, kan kræve pension med udsættelse af betalingen til den normale pensionsalder, mens en kvinde i samme situation har ret til øjeblikkelig alderspension, fordi der anvendes en aldersbetingelse, der er forskellig alt efter køn i overensstemmelse med den forskel, der er fastsat i den nationale lovgivning om ydelse af alderspension.
In Barber ν Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group 3the Court resolved a long-standing dispute by ruling that benefits payable under contracted-out occupational schemes constituted consideration paid by the employer to the worker in respect of his employment and consequently fell within the scope of Article 119 of the EEC Treaty, with all the consequences which this entailed (direct 'horizontal' effect ; full application of the principle of equal treatment, with no possibility of derogation).
På Arbeitsgericht Hamburgs forespørgsel om, hvorvidt en kollektiv overenskomst, der kun indrømmer fuldtidsarbejdstagere midlertidig godtgørelse ved arbejdsforholdets ophør, er i overensstemmelse med EØF-Traktatens artikel 119, svarede Dom-
It was contrary to Article 119 for a man made compulsorily redundant to be entitled to only a deferred
2) EFT C 145 af 13.6.1977, EFT C' 149 af 17.6.1977 og Ellevte Almindelige Beretning, nr. 219. ') Dom af 17. maj 1990, sag C-262/89, Barber mod Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group (EFT
OJ L 145, 13.6.1977; OJ L 149, 17.6.1977; Eleventh General Report, point 219.
C 146 af 15.6.1990).
Case C-262/89 (OJ C 146, 15.6.1990).
448 FÆLLESSKABSRETTEN
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION PF THE SUBSTANTIVE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW
VII­2 stolen med dom af 27 juni ■), at en sådan overenskomst, hvorved arbejdsgiverne kan opretholde en samlet lønforskel mellem to kategorier af arbejdstagere, nemlig arbejdstagere, der udfører et minimumsantal arbejdstimer om ugen eller om måne­den, og arbejdstagere, der udfører samme arbejde, men som ikke udfører dette minimumsantal af arbejdstimer, fører til forskelsbehandlung af kvindelige arbejds­tagere i forhold til mandlige, fordi det viser sig, at en betydelig mindre procentdel mænd end kvinder arbejder på deltid.
In Kowalska ν Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg1the Court was asked by the Hamburg Arbeitsgericht to rule whether a collective agreement whereby a temporary severance grant could be paid only to full-time workers was compatible with Article 119 of the EEC Treaty. The Court held that an agreement which enabled employers to maintain different overall pay levels for two categories of workers, namely those who worked the minimum number of hours per week or per month and those who, although doing the same job, did not work that minimum number of hours, amounted to de facto discrimination between men and women workers, since 'a considerably lower percentage of men than of women work part-time.'
En sådan overenskomst skal derfor i princippet betragtes som stridende mod Traktatens artikel 119 (medmindre arbejds­giveren beviser, at den pågældende bestemmelse er berettiget på grundlag af objektive forhold, der intet har at gøre med kønsdiskriminering, hvilket det er op til de nationale domstole at vurdere).
Normally, therefore, such an agreement must be considered to be contrary to Article 119 (unless the employer shows that it is based on objectively justified factors unrelated to any discrimination on grounds of sex, and that is a matter for the national courts since only they are competent to assess the relevant facts).
Efter dommen af 8 november2) er det ifølge Rådets direktiv 76/207/F.ØF3) om gennemførelse af princippet om ligestilling af mænd og kvinder for så vidt angår adgang til beskæftigelse, erhvervsudannelse, forfremmelse samt arbejdsvilkår en direkte forskelsbehandling på grundlag af køn, at afskedige en gravid kvindelig arbejdstager og at nægte at ansætte en gravid kvinde.
In Dekker ν VJV-Centrum Plus2the Court held that, under Directive 76/207/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions,3the refusal to engage a female worker because of her pregnancy constituted direct discrimination on grounds of sex, in the same way as the dismissal of a pregnant woman.
I denne forbindelse må afvisningen af ansættelse med begrundelse i de finansielle følger af fraværet på grund af graviditeten, der er en følge af graviditeten, der følger af de regler, der er fastsat af de offentlige myndigheder vedrørende uarbejdsdygtighed, og hvorefter graviditet sidestilles med sygdom, betragtes som væsentigst begrundet i graviditeten.
A refusal to engage a woman because of the financial consequences which would follow from her absence during pregnancy must be considered as motivated essentially by the fact of her pregnancy, even if the public authorities have laid down rules on inability to work which treat pregnancy on the same basis as illness.
Derimod fandt Domstolen i sag C 179/884), at afskedigelse af en kvindelig arbejdstager på grund af gentaget sygdomsfravær, der ikke skyldtes graviditet eller nedkomst, men som var en følge af en sygdom, der var forårsaget af graviditeten eller nedkomsten, ikke var en direkte forskelbehandling på grundlag af køn.
In Handels- of Kontorfunktionaerernes Forbund i Danmark v Dansk Arbejdsgiv­erforening, 4 on the other hand, the Court ruled that the dismissal of a female worker because of repeated absences resulting not simply from pregnancy or confinement but from an illness due to pregnancy or confinement did not constitute direct discrimination on grounds of sex.
En sådan patalogisk tilstand, der er opstået efter barselsorloven, er derfor omfattet af de almindelige bestemmelser om sygdomsfravær, og spørgmsålet er blot, om en kvinde afskediges på grund af sygdomsfravær på samme vilkår som en mand.
A pathological condition of that kind, if it developed after maternity leave, was covered by the general rules applicable to any illness.
') Dom af 27. juni 1990, sag C­33/89, Maria Kowalska mod Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg (EFT C 179 af 19.7.1990).
The only question was whether the woman had been dismissed on the grounds of absence due to illness in the same way as a man would have been dismissed.
EFT L 39 af 14.2.1976, Niende Almindelige Beretning, nr. 204 og Tolvte Almindelige Beretning, nr. 202.
OJ L 39, 14.2.1976; Ninth General Report, point 204; Twelfth General Report, point 202.
) Dom af 8. november 1990, sag C­179/88, Handels­ og Kontorfunktionærernes Forbund i Danmark mod Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening (EFT C 301 af 30.11.1990).
Case C-179/88 (OJ C 301, 30.11.1990).
For første gang har Domstolen i forbindelse med mælkekvoteordningen taget stilling til lovligheden af medlemsstaternes mulighed for at opkræve tillægsafgiften enten hos producenterne, ved overskridelse af den individuelt tildelte maksimal mængde (formel A), eller hos køberne, dvs. mejerierne, ved overskridelse af den maksimalmængde, der er tildelt medlemsstaterne (formel B).
In Wuidart and Others ν Laiterie coopérative Eupenoise and Others1the Court gave its first ruling on the legal validity of the option which Member States have, under the milk quota system, of collecting the additional levy on deliveries in excess of reference quantities either from producers (formula A) or from purchasers (i.e. dairies) (formula B).
Domstolen fastslog ved sin dom af 21. februar1), at denne valgmulighed principielt er berettiget, fordi det er nødvendigt at sikre, at ordningen fungerer effektivt i hele Fællesskabet, samtidig med at der må tages hensyn til de forskellige strukturer for produktion og afhentning af mælk i Fællesskabets forskellige regioner.
The Court held that the principle underlying the option was justified by the need to ensure that the system was fully effective throughout the Community, with due regard for the diversity of milk­production and milk­collection structures in the various parts of the Community.
Desuden skulle Domstolen træffe afgørelse om, på hvilke betingelser en medlemsstat kan benytte sig af muligheden for på en del af sit område at anvende en formel (A eller B), der er forskellig fra den, der anvendes i øvrigt, med begrundelse i områdets geografiske struktur, naturlige forhold samt produktionsstrukturene og gennemsnitsudbyttet for de besætninger, der er fremherskende dér.
The Court was also asked to specify the conditions under which a Member State could apply, in one part of its territory, a formula (A or B) which differed from that applicable elsewhere, bearing in mind the geographical structure of the territory, natural conditions, production structures and average herd yields.
Domstolen pålagde tidligere i Klensch-dommen2) de medlemsstater, der anvender en valgmulighed, der er fastsat ved fællesskabsretten, at overholde princippet om ikke-forskelsbehandling.
In the Klensch case2 the Court had already ruled that Member States exercising an option available under Community rules must observe the principle of non­discrimi­nation.
I nær værende afgørelse overfører den samme begrænsninger for domstolskontrol på dette forhold som den har fastsat, når institutionerne har brede vurderingsbeføjelser, idet denne kontrol nu kun skal gå ud på at påse, at der ikke foreligger en klar fejl.
In this instance the Court kept within the same judicial constraints as it imposes on itself in cases where the institutions enjoy wide powers of discretion, restricting itself to verifying that no manifest error had been committed.
Domstolen har i sag C-62/893) fremhævet, at medlemsstaternes pligt til midlertidigt at forbyde fiskeri fra den dato, hvor en kvote betragtes som opbrugt, er en generel regel, der er nødvendig for, at alle ordninger til bevarelse og forvaltning af fiskeressourcerne på grundlag af en fordeling mellem medlemsstaterne af de disponible mængder kan fungere effektivt.
In Case C­62/89 Commission ν France3the Court held that the obligation on Member States to place a temporary prohibition on fishing from the date on which the quota concerned was considered exhausted constituted a general rule which was needed to ensure the effectiveness of any system for the conservation and management of fishery resources where the total quantities available were shared out among the Member States.
De nationale myndigheders forbud mod fiskeri skal være bindende og udstedes før kvoterne er opbrugt.
A decision by the national authorities to prohibit fishing must be binding and must be taken before the quotas are exhausted.
Ifølge domstolens opfattelse er denne forpligtelse af forebyggende karakter, ligesom den finder, at fangstrytmen for en af de pågældende arter var tilstrækkelig regelmæssig til, at de nationale myndigheder præcist kunne have forudset, hvornår kvoten var opbrugt.
The Court thus reaffirmed the preventive role of this obligation, pointing out that the pattern followed by catches of one of the species in question was sufficiently regular to enable the national authorities to forecast the exact time when the quota would be exhausted.
Medlemsstaternes udveksling af kvoter skal, hvis en medlemsstats kvote derved forhøjes i løbet af året, forhandles enten før den oprindelige kvote er opbrugt eller efter det midlertidige fiskeriforbud.
Although exchanges of quotas between Member States made it possible to increase a Member State's quota in the course of the year, such exchanges had to be negotiated either before the exhaustion of the original quota or after the provisional ban on fishing.
Som følge af disse forhandlingers tilfældige karakter
Since the outcome of such negotiations was uncertain, the mere prospect of an exchange was no reason for the relaxation of a formal ban on fishing.
2) Dom af 25. november 1986, forende sager 201 og 202/85, Marthe Klensch (Laiterie Ekabc) m.fl. mod
Joined Cases 201/85 and 202/85 Klensch and Others ν Secrétaire d'Etal [1986] ECR 3503.
Dom af 20. marts 1990, sag C-62/89, Kommissionen mod Frankrig (EFT C 105 af 11.4.1990).
Case C­27/89 (OJ C 132, 31.5.1990).
VI 12 medfører den blotte udsigt til en udveksling ikke, at et formelt fiskeriforbud ikke skal indføres.
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANTIVE RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW
Domstolen, der heri fulgte Kommissionens bemærkninger, har på ingen måde statueret, at det forhold, at Rådet ikke havde truffet beslutning, hvilket truede med at lamme udviklingen af den fælles landbrugspolitik, medførte, at Kommissionen fik kompetence, men har begrundet denne med bestemmelserne i forordning (EØF) nr. 2727/753), hvorved Rådet giver Kommissionen mandat til særlige interventioner på markedet for bageegnet blød hvede og således til at fastsætte opkøbsprisen for hvede ved vedtagelsen af interventionsforanstaltninger og at nedsætte dens størrelse i forhold til foregående år i overensstemmelse med politikken for nedbringelse af overskuddene, som Rådet bebudede allerede i 1984.
The Court accepted the Commission's argument that its power to set these prices did not derive from the Council's failure to do so (although this did threaten to bring the common agricultural policy to a halt) but from the existing provisions of Regulation (EEC) No 2727/75,2 whereby the Council had delegated to the Commission the power to introduce special intervention measures on the market for common wheat of breadmaking quality and, consequently, to set the buying-in price for the wheat when such measures were adopted and to lower the price as compared with that for the previous marketing year, in line with the surplus-reduction policy announced by the Council in 1984.
Ved dom af 26. juni4) blev Kommissionens forordninger (EØF) nr. 962/88 og 984/88 5) om suspension af udstedelsen af importlicenser for spiseæbler med oprindelse i Chile samt forordning (EØF) nr. 1040/88 6) om fastsættelse af import mængderne for spiseæbler med oprindelse i tredjelande annulleret, for så vidt de vedrører situationen for produkter, der er under transport, idet Kommissionen i den foreliggende sag ikke har gjort gældende, at der foreligger en overordnet offentlig interesse, der berettiger anvendelsen af suspensionsforanstaltninger over for de pågældende varer.
984/88 suspending the issue of import licences for dessert apples originating in Chile4 and Regulation No 1040/88,5 which set maximum limits for imports of dessert apples from non-member countries, were void in so far as they related to products in transit, on the grounds that in this particular case the Commission had not shown that it was in the overriding public interest to suspend imports of the products in question.