natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Her blev der på regionalt plan arrangeret informations- og bevidstgørelsesdage. Der blev gjort særlig meget ud af regionerne i Syditalien,
Particular attention was paid to the southern re gions, both Commission and promoters feeling that a special effort had to be made for women in the Mezzogiorno, where traditional outlooks were a major handicap, and the ESF took the campaign to Reggio Calabria, Siracusa, Cagliari and Pomezia in the Province of Latina (Lazio).
De uddannelser, der kom i betragtning, vedrørte fag. der havde tilknytning til agroturisme, håndværk og turisme.
The courses concerned jobs related to holidays on the farm, and to the craft and tourist trade, and included preparation for cooperative management.
Uddannelserne omfattede et forberedende kursus i le­ da Kommissionen og de ansvarlige for aktionerne mente, at der skulle gøres en særlig indsats for kvinder i Syditalien, delse af kooperativer.
The information days then continued and were concluded in Bologna, where other Italian and French promoters (invited by the ESF) each presented in turn training projects which could be used in Greece because they used the right methods and led to the right qualifications or because they worked well in fragile regions (Rhône-Alpes, one of France's rural regions, for example, or Finistère, a peripheral region).
Siden fortsatte rækken af informationsdage og endte i Bologna, hvor andre italien­ der var meget handicappede på grund af den gammeldags mentalitet, der skulle overvindes. F.eks. har ESF gennem­ført informationsaktioner i Reggio Calabria, Siracusa, Cagliari og Pomezia i provinsen Latina (regionen Lazio).
An awareness and promotion operation run in Belfast should also be mentioned here.
ske og franske initiativtagere, der var indbudt af ESF. orienterede om uddannelsesprojekter, som på grund af de metoder, der blev anvendt, eller de fag. der blev undervist i, kunne overføres til Grækenland: de fortalte ligeledes om projekter, der med godt resultat blev gennemført i sårbare regioner — f.eks. i Frankrig, landdistrikterne i Rhône-Alpes-regionen eller Finistère, et yderområde.
Since Northern Ireland had not put in any applications for assistance with women's schemes, it was felt that some encouragement was called for.
En stigning i antallet af kvindelige tilskudsmodtagere mellem
More and more women benefit in 1978-83
Bevidstgørelses- og propagandaaktionen i Belfast bør ligeledes nævnes.
This category includes the fact-finding trip which Baroness Lockwood, the Chairman of the Equal Opportunities Commission, made to Germany, the first country to get ESF assistance for the women's sector.
På Ligestillingsudvalgets initiativ blev der i Nordirland arrangeret en konference, der omfattede en præsentation af vellykkede uddannelsesprogrammer, der var gennemført med støtte fra ESF i andre medlemsstater, som havde de samme særlige træk og vanskeligheder som Nordirland: stor arbejdsløshed, en dominerende landbrugssektor og en gammeldags menta­litet.
The new budget line for the new area of ESF assistance laid down in the Council Decision of 1977 was a genuine financial incentive and acted as a catalyst for schemes for women.
Da Nordirland ikke havde indgivet nogen specifik ansøgning om tilskud til kvinder, krævedes der en særlig indsats, der kunne tilskynde dem til at indgive sådanne ansøgninger.
The volume of applications went from ECU 10.7 million to ECU 118 million over the 1978-83 period — an increase well in excess of the regular rise in the resources available and one which reflected the growing interest each country had in women's training schemes and constituted an encouraging response to the Commission's equal opportunities policy.
For at fremme og lette udvekslingen af erfaringer tog ESF initiativ til og gennemførte informations- og arbejdsbesøg
Another initiative which attracted interest and even en thusiasm and was crowned with no small success was the information and working meeting on 'The ESF and Greek Women' for a group of vocational training leaders from
Den nye budgetpost fremmede i høj grad interessen for ESF's nye interventionsområde, som var fastsat i Rådets
Germany was the biggest beneficiary of ESF aid here, followed by France and Italy, with percentages vary ing between 60 and 87%.
Faktorer, der kan danne grundlag for en status over ESF's arbejde (1958-1989)
Towards a summary of ESF activity (1958-89) sectors resulted in three-quarters of the budget going towards combating unemployment amongst young people. ple.
Frankrig og Belgien blev uddannet chauffører til lastbiler og busser, også inden for den offentlige transport.
Particularly significant here is the trend towards women's training Scheines in sectors of traditional under-representation (i.e. top priority operations), a trend which would seem to justify the Commission's decision.
afgørelse af 1977, og virkede som katalysator for kvindeaktionerne.
In spite of the difficult economic situation, in fact, the amount channelled into authorized programmes of this sort went from ECU 0.5 million in 1978 to ECU 6.6 million in 1979 and reached ECU 14 million in 1980 — an upward trend confirmed in subsequent years.
Således voksede ansøgningerne fra 10,7 til 118 mio. ECU i tidsrummet 1978-1983, en stigningstakt, der var langt højere end stigningstakten for bevillingerne generelt.
It was particularly noticeable, with annual variations, in Germany, Belgium, Italy, France and the United Kingdom.
Dette viste den voksende interesse i de enkelte lande for uddannelsesaktioner for kvinder og var en op­muntrende respons på den af Kommissionen iværksatte ligestillingspolitik.
Luxembourg and Greece only made their first applications in 1982.
Det skal bemærkes, at mænd og kvinder var ligestillet på de øvrige interventionsområder.
Nevertheless, a move towards the promotion of women's work was under way, to varying degrees, throughout the Member States.
Tallene fra med­lemsstatene viser, at de kvindelige tilskudsmodtagere mellem 1978 og 1983 under ét tegnede sig for mellem 31 og 37% af ESF-tilskuddene, dvs. ca. en tredjedel.
In the institutions, all regulations hinder ing women's access to all branches of training had been withdrawn and employers had begun to suppress their usual arguments about not hiring women in their firms and started to think about a policy of having both sexes properly represented throughout the hierarchy (as in banking in Belgium and television in the United Kingdom).
Imidlertid fordelte stigningen sig ikke ligeligt mellem medlemsstaterne.
ESF-co-financed training schemes prepared women for a wide range of jobs and activities traditionally done by men and for those done by both sexes.
Tyskland, som tegnede sig for mellem 60% og 87% af de samlede ansøgninger, var den største modtager af tilskud fra ESF, efterfulgt af Frankrig og Italien.
Crafts such as polishing, woodwork, painting and decorating, tiling and carpetlaying often figured in the applications, as did other work such as maintenance mechanics, electrics, welding, latheoperating and typesetting.
Af særlig betydning ud fra dette synspunkt var udvik­lingen af aktioner rettet mod uddannelse af kvinder i fag, hvor de traditionelt var underrepræsenteret (aktioner med førsteprioritet). Dette bekræftede, at Kommissionen havde valgt rigtigt.
As far as women were concerned, the combined efforts of the authorities, the women's associations, the unions and even word of mouth demystified the traditional male employment preserves, and more pragmatic considerations — such as the possibility of having the children looked after — took over.
I 1984 betød ophævelsen af de særlige budgetposter for visse persongrupper, herunder kvinder, og for udsatte sektorer, at tre fjerdedele af budgettet blev koncentreret om ungdomsarbejdsløsheden.
The Commission also argued that for the concept of equal representation to succeed, the creation of specific schemes for women ought to be avoided.
Men alligevel var der i samtlige medlemsstater, om end i varierende grad, startet en bevægelse i retning af
Women were interested in new professional openings and went in for technical courses or specialized in electronics and sought to qualify as technicians and electronic engineers.
Trods den vanskelige økonomiske situation øgedes det godkendte beløb til denne type aktioner, nemlig fra 0,5 mio. ECU til 6,6 mio. ECU fra 1978 til 1979, og nåede i beskæftigelsesfremme for kvinder. I uddannelses­
Some applications which were approved came from cooperatives wanting to train women for a specific activity such as the setting up and management of cooperatives (particularly in the various craft branches) or for posts of responsibility in small local firms.
Først i 1982 indgav Luxem­bourg og Grækenland deres første ansøgninger.
By non-traditional jobs, the Community meant particular types of qualification and the medium and upper levels of responsibility in the hierarchy.
pigers samt kvindernes adgang til visse studieretninger, ophævet; arbejdsgiverne dæmpede deres sædvanlige argu­menter mod ansættelse af kvinder i virksomhederne og begyndte at gå ind for ansættelse af såvel mænd som kvinder på alle niveauer i hierarkiet. Som eksempel kan nævnes banksektoren i Belgien og fjernsynssektoren i Det Forenede Kongerige.
Lastly, many promoters submitted new technology train ing projects in a variety of fields — publishing in Ireland, building and public works in Denmark, goods and public transport driving licences in France and Belgium, typesetting in the Netherlands as well as electronics and data processing.
Håndværksfagene som f.eks. snedker-, tømrer-, maler-, murer- og tapetsererfagene figurerede ofte i de indgivne ansøgnin­ger.
A woman could occupy a non-traditional, technical job or post of authority in a highly feminized area such as the textile trade or, conversely, do almost entirely feminized work such as data entry in a sector where women are in a numerical minority.
Det samme gjaldt andre fag, f.eks. mekaniker-, elek­triker-, svejser-, drejer- og typograffagene.
Work induction and vocational choice motivation were retained, as was aid for placement and occupational integration.
Kommissionen gjorde sig til talsmand for, at ønskede man ligestilling, måtte man undgå særlige aktioner for kvinder.
Figures supplied by the Member States suggest that, overall, 31 to 37%, about a third, of ESF beneficiaries over the 1978-83 period were women.
Nogle af de godkendte ansøgninger var indgivet af kooperativer.
After 1984, moving towards parity
Imidlertid var idealet jo at nå til en ligelig fordeling mellem mænd og kvinder af tilskuddene fra ESF, og derfor fandt man det bedst at bevare kravet om uddannelse af kvinder til fag, hvor de traditionelt var underrepræsente­ret, som et kriterium for, om der kunne gives en aktion prioritet.
In 1984, the withdrawal of specific budget lines for specific categories of people, including women, and for sensitive
Endelig indgav mange initiativtagere projekter om ud­dannelse i de nye teknologier inden for de mest forskellig­artede brancher: forlagsvirksomhed i Irland, bygge- og anlægsarbejder i Danmark og typografbranchen i Neder­landene samt elektronik- og edb-branchen, mens der i
Why was there this apparent contradiction between the drive for sexual parity among ESF beneficiaries and main tenance of the specific priority on women?
Hvilken sektor, der er tale om, betragtes ikke som væsent­ligt: En kvinde kan meget vel beklæde en utraditionel tekniker- eller lederstilling i en meget kvindepræget sek­tor, f.eks. tekstilindustrien. Eller omvendt: et så godt som
First of all, the social and psychological characteristics of the individual shape a woman's attitude to a so-called man's job and a woman who has been under the influence of a fairly sexist education or family environment is likely to be inhibited in a mixed group and fail to make a success of her training.
Kapitel 2 rent kvindejob som hulledame i en sektor, hvor kvinderne er i mindretal.
Chapter 2
Man har ligeledes bevaret faserne »indfø­ring i arbejdslivet« og »motivering til valg af erhverv« samt støtten til ansættelse og erhvervsmæssig integrering.
Although there are still bottlenecks when it comes to equal opportunity in social and occupational integration, these are more in the mind than in the institutions.
styres hen imod højteknologiske fag, som kan sikre over­gangen til et mere moderne produktions-og ledelses­apparat.
Then, at a broader level, the priority on women was an opportunity to remedy the drawbacks of some situations recorded in the course of years of project appraisal.
Det har derfor været nødvendigt at genoprette ligevægten ved at tilbyde kvinder teknologiske uddannel­ser på samme niveau for at undgå udsigterne til en ny udelukkelse fra en del af arbejdsmarkedet.
The balance therefore had to be righted by ensuring that women could have technology training of the same level and avoid further exclusion from the job market.
Det er ligeledes blevet bemærket, at de unge piger samt kvinderne stadig undgår bestemte brancher til trods for forskellige motiverings- og bevidstgørelsesaktioner.
It has also been found that, despite motivation and aware ness campaigns, women and girls are still avoiding some branches of activity.
Såle­des er kvinder stadig meget underrepræsenteret i de vi­denskabelige fag.
The sexual balance is very much to the detriment of women in the scientific sectors.
Udsigten til at kunne arbejde udeluk­kende med kvindegrupper har måske fået nogle unge piger eller kvinder til at vælge en uddannelse i denne »mandebranche«, fordi de herved kunne undgå at blive konfronteret med fordomme om. at mænd er mere viden­skabelige eller forstår sig bedre på matematik.
The fact that they would be working in an entirely female environment has perhaps attracted women and girls to particular jobs and encouraged them to seek training in what is a generally masculine branch but one in which they are not brought face to face with men who are usually supposed to be good mathematicians and scientists.
På det mere kollektive plan har prioriteringen af kvinder gjort det muligt at råde bod på nogle ulemper i forbindelse med bestemte situationer, som man har fået øjnene op for efter mange års projektgennemgang. Man har konstate­ret, at der i industrilandene er en tendens til at uddanne kvinder i fag, der er ved at blive forældede, mens mændene
Parity had not been achieved by 1989. However, let us not confine ourselves to simple arithmetic, for it is encouraging to see that the upward trend continued over the 198489 period and that, by the end of it, specific help for women accounted for 2% of ESF beneficiaries as against 0.5% in 1984 and that 41% of all ESF beneficiaries were women as against 37% in 1983.
Der er stadig ikke lige muligheder for mænd og kvinder med hensyn til social og erhvervsmæssig integrering, men det skyldes mere befolkningernes mentalitet end institutionelle forhold.
The Fund has helped to encourage women in new technology. Photo: Mauritius
Reformen giver fortsat kvinder en fortrinsstilling
The preferential nature of the schemes for women in the current ESF management guidelines and the decision to launch a Community initiative (NOW) to promote sexual equality in the employment market confirm the Commission's desire to continue along these lines.
Viljen til at yde særlige ESF-tilskud til kvinder er konstant kommet til udtryk i Kommissionens politiske valg i årenes løb.
The desire to have the ESF help women has been a constant feature of Commission policy over the years.
Kommissionen har støttet sig til nogle meget kon­krete tanker, som i medlemsstaterne er omsat til handling. Kvinderne har således kunnet overvinde handicap, der ikke er intellektuelle, men har påvirket deres chancer for en vellykket uddannelse og erhvervsmæssig integrering.
It is based on very practical concepts which have been in cluded in national practice and thereby enabled women to overcome the handicaps which, without being intellectual, still affected their chances of making a success of their training and occupational integration.
Anna-Maria De Mohr, ekspeditionssekretær Christiane Specht, fuldmægtig Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber
Christiane Specht Administrator Commission of the European Communities
ESF's bidrag til fremme af handicappedes revalidering
ESF assistance for vocational rehabilitation for the disabled
Siden starten har ESF finansieret foranstaltninger vedrørende handicappede. Ifølge de dagældende regler kom kun de handicappede i betragtning, som i mindst seks måneder efter genoptræningen havde en lønnet beskæftigelse.
The ESF has financed schemes for the disabled right from the start, but the rules in the early days were such that only those settled in a remunerative activity for at least six months after rehabilitation appeared in the records.
De nye regler, der blev vedtaget i 1971, og som udtrykkelig angår handicappede, betød et vendepunkt i ESF's behandling af problemet.
With the new rules adopted in 1971, which were expressly aimed at the disabled, a decisive step was taken in the ESF's handling of the problem.
Det var begyndelsen til en støttepolitik, der svarede til Fællesskabets vilje til at få disse handicappede arbejdstagere integreret eller reintegreret i arbejdslivet, og som gjorde det muligt for dem at opnå økonomisk selvstændig hed i lighed med enhver anden arbejdstager.
This was the beginning of an aid policy reflecting the Community's desire to (re)integrate these workers with employment problems by helping them obtain financial independence just like any other worker.
Foranstaltningerne med henblik herpå har hjemmel i ESF's almindelige regler.
The system brought in to do this is part of the general ESF rules.
De omfatter først og fremmest støtte i form af løbende interventioner til fordel for revalideringsaktioner, og dernæst foranstaltninger, der er beregnet til særlige situationer, og som supplerer medlemsstaternes aktioner.
It comprises, first and foremost, aid in the form of ordinary support for rehabilitation structures and, second, measures focusing on special situations whereby it has been possible to complete certain schemes started by Member States.
Selv om udvælgelsen af ansøgningerne bidrog til at forbe­dre aktionerne, blev man hurtig klar over. at det var umuligt at yde ordentlig støtte til samtlige initiativer, der blev foreslået Kommissionen.
But although selection helped improve the operations, it was soon obvious that it was not possible to provide a significant amount of aid for all the initiatives submitted to the Commission.
Derfor åbnede man en ny midlertidig budgetpost til støtte for demonstrationsprojekter, der skulle vise. at der imod forventning faktisk var visse muligheder for at få handi­cappede reintegreret.
So a temporary budget line was opened to support demonstration schemes to try out some disabled resettlement possibilities which had seemed out of the question before.
I begyndelsen bestod ESF's støtte af tilskud til specialise­rede centre og eksisterende strukturer til fremme af handicappedes revalidering.
The ESF started by offering help to specialized centres and existing structures to encourage the disabled to undergo rehabilitation and get back to work.
Kort efter, med udvidelsen af Fællesskabet (i 1973) til at omfatte Det Forenede Kon­gerige, Irland og Danmark, blev aktionerne til fordel for handicappede udstrakt til samtlige personer, som var i stand til eller så godt som i stand til at deltage i det aktive liv efter at have gennemført en erhvervsuddannelse eller omskoling.
Shortly after wards, in 1973, when the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark joined the Community, operations for the disabled were extended to everyone able or virtually able to work once they had the benefit of vocational training or rehabilitation.
En fremgangsmåde, der havde givet gode resultater, var pilotundersøgelser og -forsøg. Selv om budgettet var util­strækkeligt til at opfylde alle ni medlemsstaters behov, viste disse undersøgelser og forsøg sig at være meget nyttige, idet de viste, hvilken vej man skulle følge ved udviklingen af de påtænkte aktioner.
Something which had already proved satisfactory here was the idea of pilot studies and schemes and. despite the budget being inadequate to meet the needs of nine Member States, they turned out to be a very useful way of showing how to proceed when developing schemes.
I hele denne periode blev ESF's indsats hovedsagelig målt kvantitativt, hvilket dog ikke betyder, at kvaliteten af de finansierede aktioner ikke var i orden.
Throughout this period, the ESF's support was in quantity — which did not prejudice the quality of the schemes financed.
Eksisterende ak­tioner, eller initiativer, som syntes at være lette at organisere, blev støttet med det formål at få så mange som muligt indsluset på arbejdsmarkedet, som ellers på grund af manglende uddannelse ikke havde anden udvej end at blive invalidepensionister og passive tilskuere til livet.
Facilities which existed or looked as though they could easily be organized were given help with a view to getting as many people as possible back to work — people who without training would have had no option but to stay jobless and on an invalidity pension.
Demonstrationsprojekterne vedrørende handicappede tiltrak mange specialister og gjorde det muligt at iværk­sætte forsøg, som de nationale budgetter dårligt kunne bære alene. Forsøgene var i en målestok, der gjorde det muligt at uddrage værdifulde konklusioner og overføre vellykkede teknikker til rutineaktionerne.
The demonstration schemes for the disabled attracted a lot of specialized operators and made it possible to run activities which the national budgets could not really have coped with on their own and which were on a large enough scale for worthwhile conclusions to be drawn and success ful techniques transferred to routine operations.
Det lykkedes på denne måde for ESF, trods meget be­grænsede midler, at vække medlemsstaternes interesse og tilskynde de specialiserede institutioner til at søge om de midler, de manglede.
So, although only very limited means were available for this, the ESF did in fact arouse the interest of the Member States and encourage specialized organizations to seek the means they needed.
De disponible bevillinger blev hurtigt utilstrækkelige, og Kommissionen måtte indføre kriterier for udvælgelse af støtteansøgninger.
Community financing resulted in operations sometimes involving what was very advanced technology for the time.
Dette førte til en højere kvalitet og øgede sandsynligheden for, at indslusningsaktionerne ville give et godt resultat.
One example which proves the point of demonstration schemes is a project which slotted a group of disabled workers into an automobile plant where a small assembly
EF-finansieringen førte til aktioner, der i nogle tilfælde byggede på teknologier, som på det pågældende tidspunkt var meget avancerede. Et af de eksempler, der bekræftede værdien af demonstrationsforsøgene, var ansættelsen af en gruppe handicappede i en automobilfabrik, hvor en produktionslinje blev reserveret til dem.
The amounts available were soon inadequate and the Commission had to bring in aid application selection criteria, which encouraged an improvement in the schemes and thereby improved the chances of successful integration. tion.
Faktorer, der kan danne grundlag for en status over ESF's arbejde (1958-1989)
Towards a summary of ESF activity (1958-89) schemes which the ESF guidelines had opened to innovation and experimentation.
Da den særlige budgetpost blev ophævet ved de nye regler i 1983, var den nået op på ca. 150 mio. ECU.
The experimental and demonstrative nature of the specific budget line means of course that we may not claim success in all of the operations, but it does shed light on what should or should not be done at any given moment.
Det er klart, at oprettelsen af én speciel budgetpost med henblik på forsøgs- og demonstrationsprojekter ikke er nok til at erklære sejren for vundet på alle felter.
The rulings resulting from the various ESF reforms were no longer as clear or specific about schemes for the disabled as previously, but such things were no longer necessary.