natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
For at kunne studere i udlandet har næsten alle studerende behov for at råde over midler, der overstiger, hvad der er nødvendigt i en tilsvarende studieperiode i hjemlandet.
However, to study abroad, nearly all students need financial resources over and above those necessary for a comparable period of study at home.
En sådan støtte kan blandt andet være nødvendig til afholdelse af udgifterne til en eller flere rejser til det land, hvor studierne foregår, til eventuelle stigninger i leveomkostningerne eller til påkrævet undervisning i fremmedsprog.
One or more return trips to the foreign country, possible increases in the cost of living, and the need for foreign language tuition usually account for most of such extra expenditure.
Det ville således være helt urealistisk for ERASMUS at have givet finansielle midler til universiteternes ICPer uden samtidig at have reserveret en betydelig del af budgettet til hjælp til dækning af de studerendes ekstra opholdsudgifter. Det er det, der er formålet med ERASMUS­tilskud til de studerende, som derfor er mobilitetstilskud og ikke blot erstatning for den støtte, som de studerende kan få fra nationale eller andre kilder til deres studier i hjemlandet.
So it would have been totally unrealistic for ERASMUS to give money to universities for ICPs without simultaneously earmarking a big slice of the budget to help students meet these additional expenses.
Med mere end en fjerdedel (28%), af budgettet for 1987­88 og godt og vel en trediedel (40%) af budgettet for 1988­89 udgør disse tilskud formentlig det mest centrale og livsvigtige element i hele ERASMUS­Programmet.
Indeed, with over a quarter (28%) of the budget for 198788, and well over a third (40%) of that for 198889, they are arguably the most vital and centrally important component of the whole ERASMUS Programme.
Fra 1989­90 vil omkring to trediedele af ERASMUS driftsbudget gå direkte til de studerende.
From 1989-90, some twothirds of the operational budget for ERASMUS will go directly to the students.
De nationale tilskudsbevilgende myndigheder, NG AAer Aer
Grants Eligibility of Students not in ICPs
Retten til tilskud for studerende, der ikke deltager i ICPer.
The National Grant Awarding Authorities (NGAAs)
I overensstemmelse med Rådets beslutning af 15. juni 1987 foretages udregningen af fordelingen af den sum, der er til rådighed for ERASMUS­tilskud i hver medlemsstat under hensyntagen til to faktorer.
In line with the Council decision of June 15th 1987, the allocation of the sum available for ERASMUS student grants in each Member State is currently calculated with respect to two factors.
Den første er antallet af unge i aldersklassen 18­25 år i hver medlemsstat som brøkdel af det samlede antal i samme aldersklasse i hele EF, for det andet antallet af studerende i hver medlemsstat som en andel af det samlede antal studerende i EF. (Data fra EUROSTAT).
These are the number of 18-25-year-olds in each Member State as a proportion of the total EC population of the same age group, and the number of students in each Member State as a proportion of the total EC student population (all data from EUROSTAT).
I Rådets beslutning fastsættes det også, at ERASMUS­tilskud til studerende skal administreres af de »kompetente myndighe­der i de enkelte medlemsstater«.
The Council decision also stipulates that the ERASMUS student grants are to be administered through 'the competent authorities in Member States'.
I overensstemmelse hermed har praktisk talt alle medlemsstater oprettet kontorer, som har betegnelsen »National Grant Awarding Authorities« (NGAA) med ansvar for administrationen af den sum, den enkelte stat har fået tildelt.
Accordingly, virtually all have designated agencies known as National Grant Awarding Authorities (NGAA) with the responsibility for managing the sum allocated to each.
I 1987­88 skulle de studerende være deltagere i et ICP for at blive tilskudsberettiget og denne kategori af studerende vil fortsat have prioritet i de kommende år.
In 198788, students had to be participating in the ICPs in order to be eligible for a grant, and this category of students will continue to be given priority in the years to come.
11988­89 vil det totale beløb, der står til rådighed til ERASMUS­tilskud imidlertid være mere end firdoblet fra 3,1 mio ECU til 13,1 mio ECU og det ventes, at af en del af dette beløb vil gå til EF­studerende, som foretrækker at ansøge på eget initiativ i stedet for at komme ind under et ICP.
In 198889, however, the total sum available for ERASMUS student grants is to be more than quadrupled from ECU 3.1 million to ECU 13 million, and it is expected that some of this amount will go to EC students who, while getting their universities to satisfy the necessary requirements referred to above, will be applying for the grants essentially on their own initiative, rather than as ICP participants.
Det er en udbredt opfattelse, at finansiel støtte til interuniversitært samarbejde i forbindelse med studerendes mobilitet er en grundpille i ERASMUS­Programmet, men på den anden side bør de studerende, som er indskrevet ved universitetsfakulteter, der ikke for tiden deltager i ICPer, ikke berøves alle fordele ved ERASMUS. ■ Mange mener også, at studerende, der individuelt ansøger om ERASMUS­tilskud, kan være interesseskabende for Pro­grammet blandt egne lærere og professorer, så de dermed på længere sigt kommer til at virke for udviklingen af flere ICPer.
The opinion is widespread that, while money to universities for student mobility ICPs and the ERASMUS student grant support they entail may be the indispensable bricks and mortar of ERASMUS, students enrolled in departments of universities not currently involved in ICPs should not be deprived of all opportunity to benefit from the ERASMUS Programme. It is also felt by many people that students applying for ERASMUS grants on an individual basis may well generate interest in the Programme among their own teachers and lecturers, thereby catalysing the development of further ICPs in the longer term.
Adresserne og telefonnumrene på disse myndigheder fremgår af medfølgende bilag.
The addresses and telephone numbers of these authorities are shown in the accompanying inset.
Deres primære opgaver er, at tildele tilskud til udrejsende studerende enten direkte eller via det universitet i det pågældende land, hvorfra de udgår. (NGAAer har aldrig ansvar for tildeling af støtte til studerende, der indrejser fra andre medlemsstater).
Their prime task is to award grants to outgoing students, either directly or via the sending universities in their country (NGAAs are never responsible for allocation support to incoming students from other Member States).
Enkelte finansielle midler, der ikke udbetales til studerende med fortrinsret (dvs studerende under et godkendt ICP) kan derefter efter behov tildeles andre ansøgende studerende, som opfylder betingelserne og som har taget initiativ til at søge ERASMUS­støtte på egen hånd.
Any money not handed out to priority students (i.e. students of an approved ICP) may then, as appropriate, be allocated to other student applicants who fulfil all the conditions and who have taken the initiative to seek ERASMUS student grant support as 'free movers'.
Oprettelsen af NGAAer er udtryk for Kommissionens opfattelse af, at et så vigtigt og potentielt følsomt område som administrationen af ERASMUS­tilskud til studerende bedst
The establishment of the NGAAs reflects the conviction, on the part of the Commission, that such a crucial and potentially sensitive matter as the administration of the ERASMUS student grants was best handled via the EC Member States. In particular, the individual Member State is
Hvorledes det nu end hænger sammen, skal den enkelte studerende, der på denne måde er interesseret i at ansøge om ERASMUS­tilskud, altid først rette henvendelse til det universitet, den pågældende allerede studerer ved, idet dette universitet skal underskrive ansøgningsformularen sammen med den studerende.
Be that as it may, individual students interested in applying for an ERASMUS grant in this way always have to approach first the university where they are already studying, and this university must sign the application form together with the student.
Grunden hertil er, at universitetet må stå inde for, at alle væsentlige krav for opnåelse af tilskud er opfyldt.
Clearly, this is because only the university can guarantee that all the essential requirements for an award have been satisfied.
Ansøgninger behandles af den nationale tilskudsbe­vilgende myndighed i det land, hvor det universitet ligger, som han på afrejse tidspunktet studerer ved (se overfor).
Applications are handled by the national grant-awarding authority for the country in which the student's present university at the time of departure is situated (see opposite and insets).
ERASMUS: Meddelelse om tilskuddene for 1988189
ERASMUS Grants for 198819 announced
Kommissionen for De Europæiske Fællesskaber har nu givet meddelelse om, hvilke ERASM US-projckter, der er udvalgt til at modtage tilskud i det akademiske år 1988/89.
The Commission of the European Communities has now announced the selection of ERASMUS projects for support during the academic year 1988/9.
Udgivelsen af dette nummer af ERASMUS Nyhedsblad blev udsat, for at denne meddelelse kunne komme med. I denne artikel giver vi en statistisk oversigt over hovedtrækkene i ERASMUS-projekterne for 1988/89, med angivelse af nogle af de interessante tendenser og udviklinger, der har kunnet konstateres i forhold til året før.
Publication of the present issue of the ERASMUS Newsletter has been postponed in order to take account of this announcement. In the following article we present a statistical overview of the main features of the 1988/9 ERASMUS projects, indicating some of the interesting trends and developments compared with the previous year.
I næste nummer af Nyhedsbladet vil en stor del af pladsen blive afsat til mere indgående redegørelser for nogle af de støttede projekter.
The next issue of the Newsletter will be partly devoted to more detailed reports on some of the projects being funded.
»Den store succes, som ERASMO'S-programmet har fået i sit andet år, er et udtryk for den stadig stigende interesse i universitetsverdenen og blandt de studerende for et bedre og bredere interuniversitari samarbejde og for en mere omfattende studenter- og lærermobilitet«.
'The considerable success of the ERASMUS Programme in its second year of operation demonstrates the ever-increasing interest of the academic world and of students, in better and broader interuniversity cooperation and greater mobility for staff and students'.
Således sammenfattede EF-kommissær Manuel MARIN situationen, da han i juni i år forelagde resultaterne af 1988/98udvælgelsesproceduren for resten af Kommissionen.
This was the way Commission Vice-President Manuel Marin summed up the situation when presenting the results of the 1988/9 selection process to the plenary session of the Commission in June this year.
Tallene viser da også, at der for hver enkelt af de mange samarbejdstyper, som ERASMUS yder tilskud til, i forhold til 1987/88 er sket en voldsom stigning i såvel antallet af ansøgninger som det samlede beløb, der er ansøgt om.
And indeed, with regard to each of the many types of cooperation for which funding is available within ERASMUS, both the number of applications for support and the total amount of money requested have increased dramatically by comparison with 1987/8.
Ansøgerne ansøgte tilsammen om over tre gange så megen støtte som i 1987/88 (næsten 103 mio ECU mod 34 mio ECU).
In all, applicants requested over three times as much support as in 1987/8 (almost MECU 103 as against MECU 34).
Da det samlede budget kun var på 30 mio ECU, mod 10 mio ECU i 1987/88, blev kvotienten for tilskud i forhold til ansøgte beløb liggende på ca. 1:3,4.
Given that the total budget available was only MECU 30, compared with MECU 10 in 1987/8, the ratio of supply to demand remained unchanged at approximately 1:3.4.
Den kraftige udvælgelse, der må foretages i denne situation, er helt klart meget betænkelig.
This highly selective situation is clearly a cause for concern.
for at komme med i ERASMUS-Programmet, og navnlig i Det Europæiske Universitetsnet.
particular the European University Network.
Af de 2041 indkomne ansøgninger omfatter 1579 (77%) et studentermobilitetsprogram, 745 et lærermobilitetsprogram, 575 et program for fælles udvikling af studieforløb og 521 et intensivt program (sidstnævnte er en nyskabelse i ERASMUS-Programmet. De blev indført i 1988/89).
Of the 2,041 applications received, 1,579 (77%) involve a student mobility programme, 745 a teaching staff mobility programme, 575 a programme for the joint development of curricula and 521 an intensive programme (the last of these being a new element in ERASMUS introduced for the first time in 1988/9).
Det er interessant at se nærmere på fordelingen af disse tal på de medlemsstater, hvor de »koordinerende institutioner« er hjemmehørende (det vil i de fleste tilfælde være den institution, der har taget initiativet*til at indsende ansøgningen).
It is interesting to cast a closer glance at these figures in terms of their distribution by the Member State of their 'coordinating institution', i.e. in most cases the university which took the main initiative to submit the application.
Det fremgår heraf, at de portugisiske universiteter indgav 5 gange flere ansøgninger end i 1987/88, og de tilsvarende tal for de øvrige medlemsstater er: Belgien 2,7 ; Danmark 2,4 ; Tyskland 2,4 ; Grækenland 3,6 ; Spanien 4,1 ; Frankrig 2,4; Irland 1,9; Italien 2,7; Nederlandene 1,9; Det Forenede Kongerige 1,8.
This analysis reveals that Portuguese universities submitted 5 times more appli cations than in 1987/8, the corresponding ratios for the other Member States being as follows : Belgium, 2.7 ; Denmark, 2.3 ; the Federal Republic of Germany, 2.4 ; Greece,3.6 ; Spain, 4.1 ; France, 2.3; Ireland, 1.9; Italy, 2.7; Netherlands, 1.9; U.K., 1.8.
Ser man på de enkelte medlemsstaters engagement i samtlige ansøgninger, forøgede Spanien sin deltagelse med 7,6%, men også Italien ( + 4,7%) og Portugal (+3,7%) kunne notere betydelige stigninger.
In terms of the involvement of each Member State in all applications, Spain increased its participation rate by 7.6%, while Italy ( + 4.7%) and Portugal (+3.7%) also recorded considerable increases.
Derimod faldt de britiske universiteters engagement med 8,6%, medens de øvrige medlemsstater lå forholdsvis stabilt.
Conversely, the British universities' participation rate fell by 8.6%, the other Member States remaining relatively stable.
— 1091 interuniversitære samarbejdsprogrammer, hvoraf de 948 indebærer studentermobilitet og 214 en integreret udveksling af universitetspersonale ;
— 1091 Inter-University Cooperation Programmes, of which 948 will involve mobility of students and 214 an integrated exchange of university staff members ;
Det fremgår af disse tal, at de procentvis største stigninger i antallet af ansøgninger kan noteres i de lande, der lå forholdsvis lavt i 1987/88.
From these figures, it may be seen that the most significant percentage increases in applications came from those countries which had been less in evidence in 1987/8.
Det uændret lave antal ansøgninger fra Danmark er en undtagelse i denne henseende.
The continuing low number of applications from Denmark is an exception in this regard.
— ca. 13 000 studerende, der tilbringer fra 3 måneder til et helt år i en anden medlemsstat;
— an estimated 13,000 students, spending periods of 3 months to a full year in another Member State;
— 1267 besøgsprojekter, der vil gøre det muligt for ca. 2611 ansatte på højere uddannelsesinstitutioner at forberede samarbejdsprogrammer, at studere forskellige aspekter af den højere uddannelse eller at give gæsteforelæsninger;
— 1267 visit projects which will enable some 2611 higher education staff members to prepare cooperation programmes, to study aspects of higher education systems or give guest lectures ;
Ser man på fordeungen på studiefag, ser billedet nogenlunde ud som i 1987/88, idet der dog er sket en kraftig forholdsmæssig forøgelse af ansøgningerne inden for landbrug, ingeniørvirksomhed og sprog, samtidig med at antallet af ansøgninger inden for erhvervsøkonomiske studier procentvis er faldet kraftigt.
Viewed in terms of the academic disciplines involved, a very similar pattern emerged to that recorded in 1987/8, the main differences being substantial increases in the proportion of applications in the fields of agriculture, engineering and languages, and a very substantial fall in the percentage of applications in business studies.
Antallet af ansøgninger inden for læreruddannelserne, og til en vis grad også medicin, er fortsat betænkeligt lille.
The low number of appli cations in teacher education and, to a lesser extent, medical sciences, remains a cause for concern.
— 23 europæiske projekter, der lanceres af universitetssammenslutninger og -konsortier;
— 23 European projects launched by university associations and consortia;
— 12 publikationer om aspekter af universi tetssamarbej de og mobilitet i Europa, samt andre større publikationer på fællesskabsplan, som f.eks. EF-Studenterhåndbogen.
— 12 publications on aspects of university cooperation and mobility in Europe, together with other major publications prepared at Community level such as the EC student handbook, Higher Education in the European Community.
Kommissionen besluttede at uddele de til rådighed stående midler til 1091 interuniversitære samarbejdsprogrammer.
The Commission decided to distribute the support available among 1,091 Inter-University Cooperation Programmes.
Heraf omfatter de 948 et studentermobilitetsprogram, 79 et program for fælles udvikling af studieforløb og 72 et intensivt program.
Of these, 948 include a student mobility programme (87%), 214 a teaching staff mobility programme, 79 a programme for the joint development of curricula and 72 an intensive programme.
(Det bemærkes, at hvert enkelt ICP kan omfatte forskellige former for samarbejde).
(It should be noted that each ICP can contain various different types of cooperative activity).
Det svarer til en samlet imødekommelse af 53 % af ansøgningerne, hvilket dog dækker over meget forskellige procentsatser for de enkelte dele af programmet (60 % for studentermobilitetsprogrammer, 29 % for læremobilitetsprogrammer, 14 % for programmer for fælles udvikling af studieforløb og intensive programmer).
This corresponds to a success rate of 53% overall, although the success rates for the individual components of the programme differ considerably (60% for student mobility programmes, 29% for teaching staff mobility programmes, 14% for programmes for the joint development of curricula and intensive programmes).
Dertil kommer tilskud og organisatorisk bistand, der skal sikre EF-Nettet af Nationale Informationscentre vedrørende Akademisk Anerkendelse (NARIC) en smidig arbejdsgang og mulighed for at udvikle sig, samt til universiteter, der deltager i pilotfasen af Det Europæiske Fællesskabs Meritoverføringssystem (ECTS) (jf· indkaldelsen af tilkendegivelser om interesse herfor, der omhandles i dette nummer af ERASMUS Nyhedsblad).
Additionally, grants and organizational support will be provided to ensure the smooth functioning and further development of the EC network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARIC) and to universities participating in the pilot phase of the European Community Course Credit Transfer System (ECTS) (cf. call for expressions of interest elsewhere in this supplement).
I 1988/89 vil der desuden for første gang blive uddelt ERASMYS-priser. Dette vil ske i løbet af de kommende måneder.
1988/ 9 will also witness the award of the first 'ERASMUS Prizes of the European Community' in a few months' time.
På beløbssiden var forholdet mellem bevillinger og ansøgninger oven i købet endnu mere grelt for så vidt angår udvikling af studieforløb og intensive programmer, idet der blev ansøgt om henholdsvis 15 og 17 gange så mange penge, som der var til rådighed.
In financial terms, the supply/demand situation was even more dramatic in the case of curriculum development and intensive programmes, for which 15 times and 17 times as much money was requested respectively than was available.
Dette skyldes, at udgifterne til disse programtyper, det henhører under ERASMUS-Programmets aktion 3 og 4, i henhold til Rådets afgørelse ikke må overstige 10 % af de årlige bevillinger til ERASMUS-Programmet.
This was due to the fact these types of programme form part of Actions 3 and 4 of ERASMUS, on which the Council Decision places a total ceiling of 10% of the overall ERASMUS budget.
I 1988/89 indkom der i alt 2041 ansøgninger om støtte til ICP'er, mod 898 i 1987/88 (+ 27 %).
The total number of applications for support of ICPs in 1988/9 was 2041 compared with 898 in 1987/8 (+ 127%).
Der blev ansøgt om 52 mio ECU, hvilket svarer til næsten 6 gange så meget som det beløb, der var til rådighed (9 mio ECU).
The MECU 52 requested represent almost 6 times the amount available (MECU 9).
Disse tal vidner om den enorme interesse på universiteterne i hele Fællesskabet
These bare figures demonstrate the enormous interest among universities Community-wide in becoming involved in the ERASMUS Programme, and in
Tabel 1 giver en oversigt over de forskellige medlemsstaters universiteters deltagelse i de 2041 ansøgninger og i de 1091 projekter, der blev godkendt som interuniversitære samarbejdsprogrammer. bejdsprogrammer.
Table 1 provides a survey of the participation of universities from the various Member States in all 2,041 applications and in the 1,091 projects accepted for Inter-University Cooperation Programmes.
Studie- og undervisningsbesøg
Study and Teaching Visits
Tabel 2 viser ansøgningernes og programmernes fordeling på studiefag.
Table 2 shows the distribution of the applications and programmes over the various subject areas.
Der skal i denne forbindelse gøres opmærksom på, at ansøgningernes kvalitet var meget forskellig fra et studiefag til et andet.
In this context, attention should be drawn to the problem that the number and quality of the applications in the various subject areas differed considerably.
På visse fagområder er der så mange kvalificerede ansøgninger, at der må gøres en indsats for at sikre, at ERASMUS-Programmet ikke bliver domineret af enkelte fagområder (herunder navnlig sprog og erhvervsøkonomiske studier).
In certain subject areas, good quality appli cations accumulate, so that care must be taken to ensure that the ERASMUS Programme is not flooded by individual subjects (in particular languages and business studies could be mentioned here).
Inden for visse nærmere fastsatte grænser må der ved udvælgelsen stilles større krav inden for nogle fag end inden for visse andre.
Within closely drawn limits, the selection must set stricter standards for some subjects than for others.
Stor efterspørgsel efter stipendier til studerende
Student Grants in great Demand
Som nævnt omfatter 948 af de ICP'er, der modtager støtte i 1988/89, udveksling af studerende med henblik på integrerede studieperioder i en anden medlemsstat.
Table 4 gives the number of visit grants requested for the 1988-89 academic year, broken down by Member State of origin of application, as well as by rate of growth with respect to the 1987-88 academic year.
Tabel 3 viser, hvorledes disse programmer fordeler sig på de forskellige medlemsstater.
What is clear, and this is both encouraging and promising for the future, is that the biggest increase in applications for visit grants comes from Member States still experiencing some difficulty in promoting interuniversity cooperation programmes.
Tabel 4 viser antallet af ansøgninger om stipendier for det akademiske år 1988/89, fordelt på de medlemsstater, hvori de er blevet bevilget, samt den procentvise stigning i forhold til det akademiske år 1987/88.
As indicated above, 948 of the ICPs to be supported in 1988/ 9 will involve an exchange of students for integrated periods of study in another Member State.
Det forholdsvis lille antal ansøgninger fra Danmark må fortsat betegnes som betænkeligt.
Table 3 demonstrates certain features of these programmes as regards the involvement of each member State.