natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I år har den udvidet høringskonsulentens mandat, således at det er ham, der skal afgøre visse spørgsmål vedrørende virksomhedernes ret til at blive hørt.
This year, it extended the terms of reference of the Hearing Officer, who will in future be the person who decides certain questions relating tothe right of firms to be heard.
Endelig spiller medlemsstaterne en rolle i proceduren for Kommissionen.
Lastly, the Member States play a role in Commission proceedings.
De modtager en kopi af de vigtigste dokumenter i en procedure, deltager i høringer og kan give deres mening til kende om udkast til beslutninger på møder i det rådgivende udvalg.
They receive a copy ofthe main documents in any proceeding, are represented at the hearings and may give theiropinion on draft decisions at meetings of the various Advisory Committees.
Dette punkt er vigtigt, fordi det sikrer, at alle parter er inddraget i Kommissionens beslutninger.
This aspect isimportant, since it ensures that Member States too participate in Commission decisions.
Offentligheden er tilbøjelig til at have opmærksomheden rettet mod de mest opsigtsvækkende sider af Kommissionens virke på konkurrenceområdet, dvs. de tilfælde, hvor den beslutter at nedlægge forbud mod karteller og misbrug af dominerende stilling, eller hvor den beslutter ikke at godkende en fusion.
Public attention tends to focus on the most spectacular cases involving Commissioncompetition policy, such as decisions prohibiting cartels, abuses of dominant positions orproposed mergers.
Disse beslutninger udgør dog kun en beskeden del af Kommissionens årlige virke
However, these represent only a small proportion statistically of the Commission's annual activity.
GENEREL INDLEDNING set ud fra et statistisk synspunkt.
PRESENTATION OF THE COMPETITION REPORT 79
Man glemmer derved alle de beslutninger, der indebærer en godkendelse, hvad enten de vedrører reglerne for virksomheder eller reglerne for statsstøtte, samt alle de sager, der uformelt henlægges uden at der træffes en beslutning.
States, and all the cases which are closed informally, i.e. without any formal decisionbeing taken.
Der findes detaljerede statistikker]) i denne beretning, bl.a. omfattende sammen lignende tabeller over udviklingen i antallet af behandlede sager gennem de seneste 8 år — dog ikke for fusioner, fordi den relevante forordning først trådte i kraft i 1990.
Detailed statistics are given elsewhere in the Report,1including comparative tables showing the trend in the number of cases dealt with over the last eight years, leaving asidemergers, the Merger Regulation having entered into force only in 1990.
Hovedlinjerne i udviklingen
Summary of main developments
I 1994 blev det lovgivningsmæssige arbejde intensiveret betydeligt:
The year saw a significant increase in legislative activity.
— Kommissionen udstedte sin nye forordning (EF) nr. 3385/94 om form, indhold og andre enkeltheder i forbindelse med begæringer og anmeldelser indgivet i henhold til Rådets forordning nr. 17 samt et nyt A/B­skema J).
The Commission adopted its new Regulation (EEC) No 3385/94 on the form, contentand other details of applications and notifications provided for in Council Regulation
De nye bestemmelser skal fra 1. marts 1995 afløse forordning nr. 27 og det tidligere A/B­skema2).
No 17 and a new Form A/B.1 The new provisions will as from 1 March 1995 replacethose laid down in Regulation No 27 and the old Form A/B.2
— Kommissionen indledte desuden en lovgivningsprocedure med henblik på vedtagelse af en ny forordning om gruppefritagelse for aftaler om teknologi­overførsel.
The Commission also initiated the legislative procedure with a view to adopting a newblock exemption Regulation for technology transfer agreements.
Ved denne forordning ændres og samles bestemmelserne i forord­ning (EØF) nr. 2349/84 og nr. 556/89 om anvendelse af traktatens artikel 85, stk. 3, på kategorier af henholdsvis patentlicensaftaler3) og knowhow­licensaftaler4).
The new Regulation isintended to amend and combine the provisions of Regulations (EEC) Nos 2349/84 and556/89 on the application of Article 85(3) of the EC Treaty to patent licensing agree-
Efter at udkastet til forordning havde været til førstebehandling i det rådgivende udvalg, blev det offentliggjort for at give alle interesserede parter lejlighed til at udtale sig 5). I betragtning af de mange skriftlige synspunkter, Kommissionen modtog fra de berørte erhvervs­ og fagfolk, samt de komplicerede problemer, som de planlagte nye regler giver anledning til, besluttede Kommissionen at fortsætte sine konsultationer efter den 31. december 1994, hvor forordning (EØF) nr. 2349/84 om patentlicens­aftaler udløb.
Following a preliminary examination by the Advisory Committee, the draft Regulation was published so as to allow all interested parties to make known their views.5 In view of the very large number of written sub- missions from trade and industry and the complexity of the problems raised by the proposed new rules, the Commission decided to continue its consultations beyond 31December 1994, the date on which Regulation (EEC) No 2349/84 on patent licensingagreements was to expire.
For at undgå et retligt tomrum forlængede Kommissionen denne forordnings gyldighedsperiode med seks måneder6).
So as to avoid a legal vacuum, it extended the period of validity of the Regulation by six months.6
— En anden lovgivningsprocedure, der blev indledt i 1994, tog sigte på revision af forordning (EØF) nr. 123/85 om gruppefritagelse for salgs­ og serviceafta­
Work was also begun in 1994 on reviewing Regulation (EEC) No 123/85 granting ablock exemption to certain categories of motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements,7 which expires on 30 June 1995.
') EFT L 377 af 31.12.1994, s. 28, jf. nr. 1 14 nedenfor.
A draft amended Regulation was discussed bythe Advisory Committee and subsequently published in the Official Journal.8 The dead- line set for submitting written comments was 28 February 1995.
2) EFT 35 af 10.5.1962, s. 1118, senest ændret ved forordning (EØF) nr. 3666/93, EFT L 336 af
Once it has receivedand examined comments from interested parties in the Member States, the European
HOVEDLINJERNE I UDVIKLINGEN
84 SUMMARY OF MAIN DEVELOPMENTS
Kommissionen vil først tage endelig stilling til denne omdiskuterede tekst, når den har modtaget og undersøgt bemærkningerne fra de interesserede kredse i medlemsstaterne, fra Europa-Parlamentet og fra Det Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg 3).
Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, the Commission will decide on itsfinal position on this controversial Regulation.1
I november 1993 blev der på grundlag af Rådets forordning (EØF) nr. 479/924) indledt en lovgivningsprocedure med henblik på udarbejdelse af en forordning om gruppefritagelse for konsortieaftaler, der indebærer et virk somhedssamarbejde om fælles drift af linjeskibsfart.
The legislative procedure begun in November 1993 pursuant to Council Regulation(EEC) No 479/922 with a view to drawing up a block exemption regulation for agree- ments that establish cooperation in the joint operation of maritime transport servicesbetween liner shipping companies (consortia) is nearing completion.
Denne procedure er nu ved at være afsluttet, og Kommissionen forventer at vedtage den nye forordning i begyndelsen af 1995 5).
The new Regulation is expected to be adopted by the Commission early in 1995.3
Som bebudet i treogtyvende beretning om konkurrencepolitikken (1993)10) har Kommissionen indført en mere moderne lovgivning, der er bedre tilpasset det indre markeds krav. De nye regler vil gøre det muligt at fremskynde procedurerne vedrørende karteller og dominerende stillinger og at opnå mere gennemsigtighed i de forskellige etaper af disse procedurer og derved forbedre virksomhedernes retssikkerhed.
As announced in the Twentythird Report on Competition Policy (1993),8 the Commission has introduced new rules, better suited to the requirements of the internal market,that will in future speed up proceedings relating to restrictive practices and dominant positions, make the various stages of such proceedings more transparent and thus give firmsgreater legal certainty.
Den nye forordning og det nye A/B-skema bygger i vid udstrækning på de tilsvarende regler for kontrol med fusioner og er baseret på det princip, at parterne allerede i deres anmeldelser giver så fyldestgørende oplysninger som
The new Regulation and the new Form A/B are closely modelled on the similar rulesapplicable in merger control. They start from the principle that the information providedby the parties in their notifications should be as complete as possible and that the Commission should react as soon as possible to the application for negative clearance or exemptionby informing the parties of the conclusions it has reached after a preliminary examination.The accelerated procedure applicable to cooperative joint ventures of a structural nature9was incorporated into Form A/B.
3) Jf. nr. 116 nedenfor. 4) EFT L 55 af 29.2.1992, s. 3.
See point 116 of this Report.
Der er foretaget følgende ændringer:
OJ C 368, 23.12.1994; see point 118 of this Report.
A/B-skemaet, der tjener som model for begæringer om negativattest og anmeldelser, er blevet omarbejdet og omstruktureret.
Form A/B, which is the model on which applications for negative clearance and notifications are to be based, has been recast and restructured.
Det er nu opdelt i to dele: en indledning, der indeholder de generelle oplysninger for virksomhederne (afsnit A-K) og selve skemaet, der angiver, hvilke oplysninger virksomhederne skal give Kommissionen (del I-IV, afsnit 1-19).
It is now divided into two parts: anintroduction, which sets out general information for firms (points A to K) and an operational part, which specifies the details that firms must provide to the Commission (Chapters I to IV, sections 1 to 19).
Indledningen besvarer en række spørgsmål, som virksomheder og sammenslutninger af virksomheder står overfor, når de påtænker at indgå aftaler, at træffe beslutninger eller at anvende en praksis, der kan påvirke konkurrencevilkårene på de berørte markeder. Det drejer sig blandt andet om at vide:
The introduction answers a number of questions which undertakings and associations ofundertakings are confronted with when they wish to conclude agreements, take decisionsor engage in practices that may influence the conditions of competition on the relevantmarkets.
— til hvilken myndighed (Kommissionen eller EFTA-Tilsynsmyndigheden) anmodningen eller anmeldelsen skal indgives (afsnit B)
The questions dealt with are as follows: the situations in which it is necessary to make an application or a notification (A); the authority (the Commission or the EFTA Surveillance Authority) to which application or notification should be made (B); the purpose of applications and notifications (C);
— oplysninger om de pågældende markeder, om den stilling, parterne, deres koncerner, deres konkurrenter og deres kunder indtager på disse markeder, samt om en eventuel potentiel konkurrence (del II, afsnit 6-10)
86 SUMMARY OF MAIN DEVELOPMENTS the information that must be provided (D, E, F);who can lodge an application or a notification (G);how to submit the application or notification (H);how business secrets are protected (I); the subsequent procedure following the submission of an application or notification (J);and how to interpret certain technical terms used in the form (K).
— parternes begrundelse for at anmode om negativattest eller fritagelse (del IV, afsnit 16-17).
The operational part of the new Form A/B sets out, in Chapters I, II and IV, the various categories of information which all undertakings submitting anapplication/notification mustprovide.
Del III (afsnit 11-15) indeholder de særlige markedsoplysninger, som virksomhederne skal give, når de anmoder om fremskyndet behandling af deres aftaler om oprettelse af strukturelle joint venture-selskaber.
Chapter III (sections 11 to 15)specifies the particular information on the relevant marketthat must be provided by firms requesting accelerated treatment for their agreements setting up structural joint ventures.
Selve skemaet er blevet tilpasset efter de krav, der stilles i forbindelse med fremskyndet behandling.
All of the operational part of the form has been adapted to accelerated-procedure requirements.
Dets opbygning er baseret på CO-formularen.
Its drafting is modelled on Form CO.
Dette gælder især del III.
This applies in particular to Chapter III.
De parter, der indgiver begæring eller anmeldelse, skal derfor i fremtiden give meget mere detaljerede oplysninger end tidligere, især om de berørte markeder.
Consequently, applicant or notifying parties must in future provide much more detailed information than previously, notably as regards the relevant market.
Men for at undgå at en sådan ændring af reglerne medfører en unødig administrativ byrde for såvel Kommissionens tjenestegrene som de berørte virksomheder, giver forordningen mulighed for at fritage virksomhederne for alle de oplysninger, der ikke er rimeligt tilgængelige, eller som viser sig ikke at være nødvendige for undersøgelsen af sagen.
However, so as to ensurethat this change in the current rules does not lead to unnecessary administrative burdensboth for the Commission and for firms, the Regulation provides that any information thatis not reasonably accessible to the parties or is not necessary for examination of the casemay be dispensed with.
Ved at anvende denne bestemmelse i vid udstrækning kan Kommissionen undgå risikoen for, at dens procedurer på ny bliver tungtarbejdende.
By making generous use of this instrument, the Commission canavoid the risk of its procedures becoming too burdensome once again.
En sådan fremgangsmåde tilgodeser samtlige virksomheders og især SMV's berettigede interesser.
This sort ofapproach would be in the legitimate interests of all firms, especially small and mediumsized ones.
Forordning om aftaler om teknologioverførsel
Regulation on technology transferagreements1 agreements1
Dette udkast til forordning, der er en sammenarbejdning af forordning (EØF) nr. 2349/84 og nr. 556/89 tager sigte på at fremme teknologioverførsel ved at etablere et enklere og klarere retsgrundlag for patentlicenser, knowhow licenser og de såkaldte blandede licenser.
The aim of this draft Regulation, which combines Regulation (EEC) Nos 2349/84and 556/89, is to encourage technology transfers by creating a simpler and clearer legal
HOVEDLINJERNE I UDVIKLINGEN
The draft Regulation takes accountof economic realities.
Derfor er det kun eksklusivlicenser til virksomheder med en markedsandel på under 40 %, der automatisk er fritaget.
First, a distinction isdrawn on the basis of the market share of the licensees, with automatic exemption applyingonly to exclusive licences granted to firms having market shares of less than 40%.
For det andet må der ikke være tale om et oligopolistisk marked; et sådant antages at eksistere, når to eller tre virksom heder, herunder licenstageren, har en samlet markedsandel på over 50 %.
Secondly, the licensee must not be operating on an oligopolistic market, which is presumed toexist if the combined market shares of two or three undertakings, including the licensee,exceed 50%.
Denne bestemmelse er begrundet i ønsket om at opretholde en effektiv konkurrence mellem konkurrerende teknologier (artikel 1, stk. 5).
This provision was introduced so as to maintain effective competitionbetween competing technologies (Article 1 (5)).
Udkastet søger desuden at forhindre, at aftaler mellem konkurrerende producenter med en betydelig markedsstilling medfører en områdedeling, og med henblik herpå anvendes også differentieringskriteriet.
The draft also seeks to ensure that agreements between competing manufacturers havingsignificant positions on the market do not share territories. For this purpose, it once againapplies a differentiation based on the market shares of the parties concerned.
For at beskytte både licensgiver og licenstager og licenstagerne indbyrdes er disse eksportforbud kun tilladte på betingelse af, at den beskyttede parts markedsandel ikke overstiger 20 % (artikel 1, stk. 6).
Such bans onexports are allowed, for the protection both of the licensor and licensee and of the licenseesamongst themselves, only if the market share of the protected party does not exceed 20%(Article 1(6)).
Den hvide liste (artikel 2) er bevaret og udvidet. Som tidligere er den ikke udtømmende.
The list of approved clauses (Article 2) is maintained and has been extended.
I praksis er denne liste til gavn for virksomhederne, som den giver større retssikkerhed, fordi de herigennem får kendskab til, hvilke bestemmelser de risikofrit kan medtage i deres aftaler.
In practice, the list helps firms by giving them greater legal certainty, since they know which clauses they can include in their contracts without incurringany risk of forfeiting exemption.
Den sorte liste i artikel 3 er blevet betydeligt indskrænket.
The blacklist in Article 3 has been considerably reduced.
For at fremme teknologioverførsel har Kommissionen nemlig besluttet kun at bevare de bestemmelser, der har direkte og betydelig indvirkning på markedssituationen, og fjerne de bestemmelser, som formodentlig snarere vedrører den aftalemæssige ligevægt mellem parterne. Indskrænkningen i den sorte liste er desuden berettiget af, at fritagelsen for fremtiden er forbeholdt de virksomheder, der ikke har en alt for stor markedsandel.
So as to encourage technologytransfers, the Commission has decided to include in the list only clauses which have adirect and significant effect on the market situation and to exclude from it clauses whichmay be regarded as being intended to ensure contractual equilibrium between the parties.The reduction in the blacklist is also justified by the fact that the exemption is now to berestricted to firms which do not have too large a market share.
Fjernelsen af disse bestemmelser betyder dog ikke, at de automatisk er fritaget.
However, the exclusion ofsuch clauses does not mean that they are automatically exempted.
De skal naturligvis fortsat vurderes på grundlag af artikel 85 af de nationale domstole eller de kompetente myndigheder, dvs. Kommissionen eller de nationale myndigheder.
They are of course stillsubject to the application of Article 85 of the Treaty and to assessment by national courtsor competent authorities, i.e. the Commission or the national authorities.
Indsigelsesproceduren, der tidligere ikke gav tilfredsstillende resultater, er blevet ophævet.
The opposition procedure, which in the past did not produce satisfactory results, has beenabolished.
Udkastet indeholder det nye princip, at det ikke berører forordningens anvendelse på blandt andet eksklusivitetsbestemmelser og områdebegrænsninger, der udtrykkeligt er fritaget, at licensaftalen indeholder konkurrencebegrænsende bestemmelser, der hverken er anført i den hvide eller den sorte liste.
The draft Regulation establishes the innovatory principle that the inclusion inthe licence of restrictive clauses not specified either in the approved list or in the blacklistdoes not affect the applicability of the Regulation, notably to exclusivity clauses and territorial restrictions, which are expressly exempted.
Udkastet til den reviderede forordning, der bygger på de senere års erfaringer og især de klager, som Kommissionen har undersøgt, tager sigte på at styrke konkurrencen på bilmarkedet og samtidig skabe større balance mellem de forskellige berørte gruppers interesser, dvs. bilfabrikanterne, reservedelsfabrikanterne, de forhandlere, der tilhører fabrikanternes net, reservedelsforhandlerne, reparationsværkstederne og forbrugerne.
The draft revised Regulation, which draws on experience in recent years and in particular the complaints which the Commission has investigated, aims to strengthen competition on the motor vehicle market and, at the same time, to ensure a better balance betweenthe interests of the various groups concerned, namely motor vehicle manufacturers, component manufacturers, dealers belonging to the manufacturers' networks, component distributors, garages and consumers.
Gruppefritagelsen for de eksklusive og selektive salgssystemer, der anvendes i EU, opretholdes, men der foretages betydelige ændringer i den gældende ordlyd.
It provides for the maintenance of the block exemptionfor exclusive and selective distribution systems in the Community, but introduces a number of important changes to the current rules.
— at biler er varige tekniske forbrugsgoder, der skal vedligeholdes og repareres af specialister på et hvilket som helst sted og undertiden uventet
The Commission recognizes that: motor vehicles are technical consumer durables whose maintenance and repair must beentrusted to specialists, wherever and whenever (sometimes unexpectedly) the needarises; it makes greater economic sense to combine sales and servicing; competition is maintained between the networks of the various makes of vehicles andindeed between members of one and the same network; the distribution system allows consumers a fair benefit by providing a basis for theirmobility throughout the Community.
Det store antal klager, som Kommissionen har modtaget, viser dog, at forordning nr. 123/85 kun delvis har medvirket til at fremme integreringen af de nationale markeder og sikre en dynamisk konkurrence ved at skabe retssikkerhed for virksomhederne i bilsektoren.
However, the large number of complaints which the Commission has received shows that Regulation (EEC) No 123/85 has only partly played its role of promoting the integration ofnational markets and ensuring strong competition, by providing firms in the motor vehicleindustry with a reliable legal framework.
De mest typiske former for misbrug, som Kommissionen har konstateret, består i at forhindre parallelimport mellem medlemsstaterne, at straffe forbrugere, der køber i udlandet, at skabe kunstige forhindringer af forskellig art for udstyrsfabrikanter, der ønsker at sælge deres produkter inden for fabrikanternes net, og ensidigt at pålægge forhandlerne urealistiske mål for salget.
Typical abuses found by the Commission includethe prevention of parallel imports between Member States, the penalization of consumerspurchasing abroad, the creation of various artificial obstacles to prevent equipment suppliers from selling their products within the manufacturers' networks, and the unilateralimposition of unattainable sales targets on dealers.
For at afhjælpe manglerne i forordning nr. 123/85 er det nødvendigt at ændre flere af dens bestemmelser.
A number of provisions in Regulation(EEC) No 123/85 must be changed so as to remedy its shortcomings.
De vigtigste ændringer, der påtænkes foretaget, er følgende:
The main changes proposed are as follows.
— Styrkelse af forhandlernes kommercielle uafhængighed.
Strengthening the commercial independence of dealers.
For at sikre forhandlerne (der først og fremmest er SMV) en større uafhængighed i forhold til fabrikanterne foreslår Kommissionen følgende:
So as to give dealers (most ofwhom are SMEs) greater independence vis-d-vis manufacturers, the Commission proposes the following points.
Forhandlerne skal have mulighed for at sælge konkurrerende produkter, forudsat at dette sker i særskilte lokaler og med en særskilt administration, og at mærkerne ikke kan forveksles.
• Allowing the dealer to sell competing products (multidealership) provided that this isdone on separate premises, under separate management, and that there can be no
HOVEDLINJERNE I UDVIKLINGEN cedure i tilfælde af konflikter.
ARTICLES 85 AND 86 possible confusion between the makes.
Hvis forhandlerne kan sælge flere forskel lige mærker, vil det gøre dem mere uafhængige af fabrikanterne.
The manufacturer can terminate the contractif the dealer wishes to distribute other makes, provided that the termination is basedon objective criteria.
Fabrikanten og forhandleren skal i fællesskab fastsætte salgsmål baseret på tidligere og forventet afsætning.
• The joint setting by the manufacturer and the dealer of sales targets based on previous sales and forecasts of future sales.