natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det britiske ligestillingsråd har konstateret, at medens 52% af de mandlige ledere tjener over £350 om ugen, er det kun 16% af de tilsvarende kvindelige ledere, der når op på dette beløb.
The EOC found that 52% of male managers earned £350 a week or more, while only 16% of female managers earned that amount.
KVINDERNE I FAGFORENINGERNE
WOMEN IN THE TRADE UNIONS
Kun lidt over en fjerdedel (26%) af de 11 millioner beskæftigede kvinder i Stor britannien er medlem af landsorganisationen Trade Union Congress (TUO sammen lignet med 47% af de mandlige arbejdstagere.
Only just over a quarter (26%) of the 11 million women in employment in Great Britain are members of unions affiliated to the Trade Union Congress (TUC), compared to 47% of working men.
TUC omfatter ca. 40 fagforbund med i alt over 8 millioner medlemmer.
The TUC contains some 40 trade unions with a total of over 8 million members.
I Storbritannien udgør kvinderne rundt regnet en tredjedel af det samlede antal fagforeningsmedlemmer, men ud af 75 forbundsformænd er der kun 4, der er kvinder.
Overall, in the United Kingdom, women constitute a third of total trade union membership. Nevertheless, only 4 of the 75 general secretaries are women.
En af de vigtigste årsager til kvindernes lavere organisationsgrad er, at kvinderne i Det Forenede Kongerige først og fremmest er at finde inden for de dårligst betalte jobs med den laveste status, og at det er dem, der har ansvaret for familien.
One major cause of this lower participation is that women in the United Kingdom are predominantly in low-paid, low-status work, in addition to having heavy, time-consuming family responsibilities.
Hertil kommer, at kvinderne er koncentreret inden for servicefagene og i små virksomheder, hvor det ikke er almindeligt at være medlem af en fagforening.
Also women are concentrated in service jobs and small firms where unionization is low.
Fagforeningerne mener, at kvindernes lavere organisationsgrad er den historiske forklaring pá, hvorfor kvinderne i Det Forenede Kongerige kun tjener to tredje dele af det, mændene tjener ved det samme eller tilsvarende arbejde.
The trade unions believe that this low membership helps to explain historically why women in the United Kingdom receive only 2/3 of a male worker's wage for the same or equivalent work.
De mener imidlertid også, at kvindernes organisationsgrad fortsat vil stige i 90'erne takket være fagforeningernes øgede indsats omkring problemer som pension, barselsorlov, kræftforebyggelse, børnepasning og sexchikane.
Particular attention on the part of the unions to problems such as pensions, maternity leave, cancer screening, child care and sexual harassment makes unions believe female membership will continue to grow in the nineties.
I henhold til TUC's "Charter for kvindernes stilling pá arbejdsmarkedet" skal der ved overenskomstforhandlinger især kæmpes for sociale fordele og andre ydelser i forhold til det præsterede antal timer, en fleksibel barselsorlov med løn på 10 dage for mænd, forældreorlov med løn på 3 måneder, orlov af personlige år sager, orlov i forbindelse med adoption, kontantydelser til børnepasning, ar bejdsmiljøprogrammer samt anerkendelse af invalide kvinders behov.
In addition, a TUC "Charter for Women at Work" checklist includes negotiators' demands on social benefits pro rata to the hours worked and equal entitlements for parttime workers, 10 days of flexible (paid) paternity leave, (paid) parental leave of three months, personal leave and leave for adoption, cash subsidies for child care costs, an occupational health programme and recognition of the needs of women with disabilities.
KVINDERNE I VIRKSOMHEDSBESTYRELSER
WOMEN ON THE BOARDS OF COMPANIES
Der er kun 4 kvinder på ledende poster i bestyrelsen i de 200 største britiske virksomheder og kun 28 kvinder pá top I ederni veau. (The Times Top 1000).
There are only 4 female executive directors in the top 200 British companies and only 28 non-executive directorships are held by women (The Times Top 1000).
De gamle drenges klubber
Cracking the old boy networks
De sportsklubber og luksusklubber, der traditionelt har været forbeholdt mænd, er stadig de vigtigste mødesteder for forretningsmænd og politikere. Det er her, man skaffer sig forbundsfæller til gavn for karrieren.
Traditional men-only sports and social clubs are where much of the wheeling and dealing and networking for careers, politics and commerce still takes place in the United Kingdom.
Arbejderpartiets hovedbestyrelse har vedtaget at foreslå en ny ligestillingslov, som skal forbyde private klubbers ret til at holde det ene køn ude.
The Labour Party's national executive committee has approved a consultative document suggesting a new Sexual Equality Act which will end the right of private clubs to maintain a single sex status.
Lovforslaget gælder ligeledes for "Gentlemen's Clubs" i London og for de såkaldte "workingmen's clubs" i de større Industribyer.
The law would apply equally to the "Gentlemen's Clubs" in London and the working men's institutes.
I henhold til gældende britisk lovgivning er disse klubber undtaget fra loven om forskelsbehandling af mænd og kvinder af 1975.
Under current Brutish law, these clubs are exempt from the UK Sex Discrimination Act of 1975.
KVINDER MØDER KVINDER
WOMEN MEET WOMEN
De britiske kvinder har oprettet deres egne kontaktnet, f.eks. Belgravia Breakfast Club i 1989, hvor kvindelige ledere mødes den sidste torsdag hver måned.
British women have been setting up and using their own networks, for example, the Belgravia Breakfast Club launched in 1989, where senior women executives meet on the last Thursday of each month.
Der findes dog også andre klubber for erhvervskvinder såsom Network, City Women's Network, Club 2000, Women in Management, UK Federation of Business and Professional Women og Forum.
Other multi-business and multi-professional women's networks include Network, City Women's Network, Club 2000, Women in Management, UK Federation of Business and Professional Women and Forum.
Der er ligeledes oprettet et vist antal kontaktnet i større erhvervsvirksomheder og på de højere læreanstalter som f.eks. Women in BP, Women in Midland Bank og London Business School Women's Network.
A number of networks have been set up inside corporations and colleges such as Women in BP, Women in Midland Bank and the London Business School Women's Network.
Desuden er der oprettet net inden for de enkelte fagområder som f.eks. Women in Banking og Women in Dentistry.
In addition, women have set up their own networks within their profession, such as Women in Banking or Women in Dentistry.
Women's National Commission, som er et udvalg, der rådgiver regeringen, offent liggør hvert år en fortegnelse over kvindeorganisationerne i Det Forenede Kongerige. rige.
The Women's National Commission, the official government advisory committee on women, publishes an annual list of women's organizations in the UK.
Den er en paraplyorganisation for over 200 kvindeorganisationer i Det Forenede Kongerige.
NAWO acts as an umbrella information centre for over 200 women's organizations in the United Kingdom.
I maj 1991 offentliggjorde den en meget nyttig rapport med titlen "The Challenge For Women" (Kvindernes Udfordring).
In May 1991, NAWO produced a very useful report "The Challenge for Women".
OPPORTUNITY 2000: Opportunity 2000 er en ny kampagne, der blev indledt den 28. oktober 1991.
OPPORTUNITY 2000: Opportunity 2000 is a new campaign launched on 28 October 1991.
Lederne af 60 af de største virksomheder inden for den private sektor og to ministerier er gået sammen om at opstille målsætninger og spontane handlingsplaner for kvinder i erhverv.
The chief executives of 60 major private sector employers, plus two government departments, have agreed to set up voluntary targets and action plans for women employees.
KVINDERNE I DE LIBERALE ERHVERV
WOMEN IN THE LIBERAL PROFESSIONS
I løbet af de seneste 20 ár har mange kvinder fået foden indenfor på mange områ­der af den finansielle sektor som f.eks. regnskabsvæsen, forsikring, hypoteks­långivning og bankomràdet.
In the past twenty years, women have been entering the professions in significant numbers - particularly in the financial sector, including accountancy, insurance, building societies and the banking sector.
I 1975 var 4% af lærlingene inden for bankvæsen kvinder.
In 1975, 4% of banking trainees were women.
I 1991 tegnede kvinder­ne sig for 25% af bankernes kvalificerede personale.
In 1991, women accounted for 25% of qualified personnel in the banking industry.
En fjerdedel af de reviso­rer, der blev autoriseret i 1991, var kvinder.
A quarter of newly qualified accountants in 1991 were women.
Inden for Juraen tegner kvinderne sig for 50% af stillingerne, men i Law Society Council, som er et rad, der regulerer den Juridiske profession, er der kun 3 ud af de 70 medlemmer, der er kvinder.
In the legal professions, almost 50% of the posts are occupied by women. However, women are still underrepresented on the law profession's ruling council, with only 3 women solicitors out of 70 members on the Law Society Council.
United Kingdom Inter­Professional Group (UKIPG), som repræsenterer 13 organisa­tioner inden for de liberale erhverv, har nedsat en arbejdsgruppe, som skal un­dersøge de problemer, som kvinder med erhverv vil komme til at stå overfor.
The United Kingdom Inter-Professional Group (UKIPG) (representing 13 professional bodies) has set up a working party to monitor the issues facing women in the professions
I juni 1990 offentliggjorde UKIPG en rapport med titlen "Women in the Professions" (Kvinder i de Liberale Erhverv).
— 97 in the nineties. In June 1990, the UKIPG published a report "Women in the Professions".
Hvert år vinder kvinderne terræn.
Every year, women are breaking new territory.
De højere uddannelser
Higher education
I 1991 var der for første gang flere kvinder end mænd, der påbegyndte en højere uddannelse.
In 1991, for the first time ever, more female than male students entered higher education.
Sundhedsfagene
Medical professions
I 1989 var halvdelen af dem, der tog medicinsk lægeeksamen, kvinder mod en fjer­dedel for 20 år siden.
In 1989, half of all medical school graduates were women, compared to one in four twenty years ago.
Antallet af kvindelige alment praktiserende læger er steget betydeligt i det seneste årti, idet nu 1 ud af 4 læger er en kvinde.
The number of women doctors (general practitioners) has increased markedly in the past decade, 1 in 4 being women.
I 1979 var det kun 1 ud af 7.
In 1979, the ratio was 1 in 7.
81% af de ansatte pá sundhedsområdet er kvinder.
81% of employees in the medical and health sectors are female.
I juni 1991 indledte parlamentsmedlem og sundhedsminister Virginia Bottomley en kampagne med titlen "Opening Minds, Opening Doors", der skal forbedre arbejdsforholdene for det kvindelige personale inden for det offentlige sundhedsvæsen.
In June 1991, Virginia Bottomley, MP, Minister for Health, launched an initiative "Opening Minds, Opening Doors" to improve National Health Service employment practices for women.
Over halvdelen af lederne i det offentlige sundhedsvæsen, nemlig 14 380 ud af 26 590, er kvinder.
More than half the managers in the NHS are women - 14,380 out of 26,590.
30% af hospitalslægerne og lægerne ved de sociale sundhedscentre er kvinder.
30% of hospital and community health service doctors are female.
Men der er stadig meget fá kvinder pá de øverste trin inden for sundhedsvæsenet.
But there are still very few women in the top echelons of the medical profession.
Kun 15% af speciallægerne er kvinder.
Only 15% of consultants are women.
Af de kirurgiske speciallæger er 40% kvinder, af de rådgivende kirurger er kun 3% kvinder, og inden for den almene kirurgi er under 1% kvinder.
Over all surgical specialities, 14% are women and at consultant level just over 3% are female. In general surgery, fewer than 1% are women.
I oktober 1989 var der 5 226 mandlige advokater med bestalling og 1 040 kvinde lige.
In October 1989, there were 5,226 male barristers (lawyers who act as advocates in the court-room) and 1,040 female.
Kvinderne udgjorde 20% af de juridiske rådgivere (jurister, der almindeligvis ikke optræder i retten).
Women represent 20% of solicitors (lawyers who do not generally appear in court).
I 1990 udnævnte Lordkansler Mackay lidt over 50% kvindelige fredsdommere (fredsdommererhvervet er ubetalt i Det Forenede Kongerige).
In 1990, the Lord Chancellor, Lord Mackay, appointed just over 50% of women magistrates - magistrates in the United Kingdom are unpaid.
Der er mange klager over, at der er sá fá kvindelige dommere.
But there is much complaint about the paltry number of women in the main judiciary.
Af de 426 dommere ved underretterne, er kun 19 kvinder.
Of the 426 circuit judges, only 19 are women.
Der er slet ingen kvinder blandt de 10 Law Lords (medlemmer af Appe I kammeret ).
There are no women among the 10 Law Lords.
Der er kun én kvinde blandt de 27 Lord Justices (dommere ved Chamber of Lords).
There is only one woman out of 27 Lord Justices.
Der er to kvinder blandt de 83 højeste retsdommere.
There are two women among the 83 High Court Judges.
Kvinderne tegner sig for 35% af arbejdsstyrken inden for medieverdenen, men til trods herfor er der kun få kvinder på indflydelsesrige poster.
Women account for 35% of the workforce in the media industry, but very few in influential positions.
Dette skyldes, at mange er betænkelige ved de lange arbejdsdage og den usmidige arbejdstid.
There is much concern about their long and inflexible working hours.
Dette er uretfærdigt over for mændene og endnu mere generende (og dyrt) for kvinder med børn.
"on tap" at all hours. This is unfair to men but particularly inconvenient (and costly) to women with children.
BBC har sat sig som mål at tredoble antallet af kvinder pá ledende poster, så ledes at de når op pä 30% ved årtusindskiftet.
The BBC has set itself a target of trebling the number of women in senior management to 30% by the year 2000.
I april 1991 iværksatte arbejderpartiet som det første politiske parti en særlig politik til fordel for kvinder inden for kunst og medieverdenen "The Missing Culture" (den manglende kultur).
In April 1991, the Labour Party was the first political party to launch a special policy for women in the arts and media "The Missing Culture".
I foråret 1991 producerede BBC TV Education en serie om kvinder inden for kunst, politik, sundhedsfagene, advokatvirksomhed og børnepasning med titlen "Great Expectations" (store forventninger).
In spring 1991, BBC TV Education produced a series on women at work, in the arts, in politics, in health, the law and child care entitled "Great Expectations".
En brochure, der er udarbejdet med udgangspunkt i serien, kan fås gratis ved henvendelse til BBC TV Education, London W12.
A free booklet based on the series is available from BBC TV Education, London W12.
To tredjedele af de britiske mødre er lønmodtagere.
Two-thirds of British mothers are in paid employment.
Hovedparten af den barselsorlov, der tages i Det Forenede Kongerige, er ubetalt, og halvdelen af mødrene har ingen ret til barselsorlov.
Much of the maternity leave in the United Kingdom is unpaid and half of mothers do not qualify for any maternity leave at all.
I Det Forenede Kongerige har kvinderne for øjeblikket kun ret til barselsorlov, hvis de har haft uafbrudt fuldtidsbeskæftigelse (mindst 16 timer om ugen) hos samme arbejdsgiver i mindst to år eller deltidsbeskæftigelse (mindst 8 timer om ugen) i fem år.
At present in the United Kingdom, women are only entitled to paid maternity leave if they have worked continuously full-time (more than 16 hours per week) with the same employer for at least two years, or parttime (at least 8 hours per week) for five years.
Det Forenede Kongerige er et af de lande i Det Europæiske Fællesskab, hvor der ikke findes lovbestemmelser om forældreorlov.
The United Kingdom is one of the countries of the European Community where there is no provision for parental leave.
Kvinder uden børn tjener i løbet af hele deres erhvervsaktive periode 30% mere end kvinder med børn.
Women without children earn 30% more over their lifetime than women with children.
Derimod er der ikke stor forskel mellem det, mænd med børn og mænd uden børn tjener. (Kilde: Det britiske ligestillingsråds rapport "Women and Men In Britain 1991").
By contrast, there is not much difference in pay between fathers and men without children.
Det skønnes, at 80% af de kvinder, der har børn, ønsker at vende tilbage til ar­bejdsmarkedet, hvis der var mulighed for børnepasning til en rimelig pris.
An estimated 80% of mothers in the United Kingdom who want to return to work are prevented from doing so because there is no-one to look after their children at an affordable price.
Antallet af offentlige vuggestuer er faldet med over 50% siden 1945, og der er kun 200 virksomheder ­ 3% af det samlede antal på landsplan ­ der tilbyder deres ansatte børnepasning.
Public nursery places have dropped by more than half since 1945 and so far only 200 companies - 3% of the national total - offer their employees any kind of child care facilities.
Dette er kommet forældrene til 3000 børn til gode.
This has benefited the parents of some 3000 children.
Ifølge Alan Roussel I, formand for British Computer Society, udgør pigerne kun 11% af de nye universitetsstuderende pá edb­omrâdet. Det tilsvarende tal er 45% for USA's vedkommende og 56% for Singapore's vedkommende.
According to Alan Roussell, President of the British Computer Society, only 11% of entrants to computer science degree courses are girls, compared to 45% in the USA and 56% in Singapore.
Man forsøger nu at rette op pá denne situation.
Steps are being taken to improve this situation.
Siden 1989 har universitetet i Glasgow afholdt edb­workshops for 3000 kvindelige studerende og deres lærere med hjælp fra ansatte i bl.a. Bank of Scotland, BP Exploration og Fl Group.
Since 1989, Glasgow University has set up 3000 ΓΤ workshop places for schoolgirls and their teachers, with the aid of employers like the Bank of Scotland, BP Exploration, FI Group and others.
Allerede I 1989 var 30% af de nye datalogi­studerende kvinder, hvoraf næsten 40% specialiserede sig i ny informationsteknologi.
By 989, 90 girls represented nearly 30% of" its overall computer science intake and nearly 40% of those on the new business information technology stream.
Siden kampagnen gik I gang og indtil oktober 1991 er der 100 000 kvinder, der har fulgt et såkaldt WISE­kursus.
Since its launch in October 1991, 100,000 students have attended a WISE course.
Der kører nu 6 WISE­busser rundt (røde dobbeltdækkere) mellem skolerne for at uddele information om ny teknologi.
There are now 6 red double-decker WISE buses touring schools to distribute information on iew technologies.
I Det Forenede Kongerige udnævner ministre og embedsmænd over 46 000 personer til offentlige udvalg, kommissioner m.v.
In the United Kingdom, over 46,000 positions on public committees are appointed by Ministers and civil servants.
Der er her tale om så forskelligartede udvalg som erhvervsuddanne IsesudvaIg, skoleudvalg, museums­ og galleriudvalg, rådgivende sundheds­ og sikkerheds­udvalg og bestyrelser for voksenuddannelsesinstitutioner.
Public appointments cover a wide range of organizations ranging from Training and Education Councils, the executive bodies of museums and art galleries, through to Health and Safety Advisory Committees, Boards of Further Education Colleges, etc.
Den frivillige forening "Women Into Public Life Campaign" har bevirket, at PAU (tjenestemændenes fagforening) har øget deres indstilling af kvinder med 5 800.
The voluntary group Women Into Public Life Campaign has had a very positive effect on the percentage of women's names on the PAU (civil service union) list of some 5,800 people.
Pá et år er kvindeandelen på PAU's liste steget fra 10% til 30%.
In one year, the number of women on the list rose from 10% to 30%.
Denne stigning gælder særlig kvinder mellem 20 og 45 år.
The increase is particularly marked for women in the 20-45 year bracket.
DET BRITISKE LIGESTILLINGSRÅD
THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES COMMISSION
Mange af de store fremskridt, der er gjort pá det juridiske område med hensyn til lige muligheder for mænd og kvinder, skyldes EF­lovgivningen.
Many of the United Kingdom's greatest recent legal advances in equal opportunities have come from European law.
Ligestillings­rådet (E0C) har hjulpet de britiske kvinder med at aktionere og vinde langt flere sager mod regeringen ved EF­Domstolen, end det har været tilfældet i nogen anden medlemsstat.
The Equal Opportunities Commission has helped British women bring and win more cases against their government in the European Court of Justice than any other member country.
I 1990 har Ligestillingsrådet behandlet 2 500 klager i ansættelsessager.
During 1990, the Equal Opportunities Commission took action in response to 2,500 complaints about discrimination in recruitment to jobs.
Indtil nu har delvalg, som skyldes et parlamentsmedlems død eller pensionering, været skyld i, at der er kommet mange flere kvinder ind i politik.
Up to now, by-elections caused by the death or retirement of Members of Parliament have been central to the advance of women in politics.
Næsten en tredjedel af de 44 kvinder, der var medlem af parlamentet før sidste valg, var kommet ind takket være delvalg.
Nearly a third of the 44 female Members of Parliament before the last elections won their seats in by-elections.
I 1991 var der flere kvinder i parlamentet end nogensinde før, nemlig 44 ud af 650 medlemmer, men det er dog stadigvæk kun 6,8% af underhusmedlemmerne.
In 1991, there were more women Members of Parliament than ever before in Britain's history - 44 out of 650 Members, but that is still only 6.8% of the House of Commons.
Ved sidste valg steg dette tal yderligere.
This number was increased at the last elections.
Efter valget i april 1992 valgte det nye underhus fru Betty Boothroyd fra arbej­derpartiet til formand (Speaker).
The House of Commons emerging from the elections of April 1992 elected Mrs. Betty Boothroyd, a Labour Member of Parliament, to the post of speaker.
Fru Boothroyd blev valgt med et flertal pá 134 stemmer (372 mod 238 til Peter Brooke, som har været minister for nordirske anliggender, og som var de konservatives officielle kandidat).
Mrs. Boothroyd defeated Mr. Peter Brooke, the former Minister for Northern Ireland and the official Conservative candidate, by 134 votes (372 to 238).
Lige siden stillingen som speaker, dvs. leder af Underhusets møder, blev opret­tet i 1258, har den altid været besat af mænd.
Since its creation in 1258, the post of "speaker" of the House of Commons - the holder of which presides over the debates - has always been occupied by men.
Ved således at bryde med over 700 års tradition har underhusmedlemmerne, ganske vist kun symbolsk, korrigeret den manglende ligevægt mellem kønnene på kommunalt plan, hvor kvinderne kun tegner sig for 9% af de valgte.
Breaking in this way with over seven centuries of tradition, the Members of Parliament symbolically corrected the imbalance of the sexes in the Commons, where women only represent 9% of the elected.
Betty Boothroyd, som har været medlem af parlamentet siden 1973, bliver den 155. speaker og er den første repræsentant for oppositionen siden Anden Verdenskr ig.
A Member of Parliament since 1973, Mrs. Boothroyd has become the 155th speaker of the Commons and the first, since the Second World War, to have come from the ranks of the opposition.
Over 91% af pladserne i Underhuset er besat af mænd.
Over 91% of the seats in the House of Commons are held by men.
Denne mangel pá kvinder i parlamentet samt i offentlige udvalg og kommissioner har alvorlige konsekvenser for de 30 millioner britiske kvinder.
The lack of women on the Parliamentary benches and the boards and commissions has serious consequences for the 30 million British women.