natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Edb-området rummer et stort potentiale. Bedømt ud fra seniornettenes eksplosionsagtige udbredelse i USA er ældre vildt begejstrede for informationsteknologi, når forst de har adgang til den og forstår at bruge den.
One area with great potential is computing: to judge by the explosion of seniors' networking in the USA, older people are enthusiasts for information technology once they gain access and acquire the skills.
Blandt ældre mennesker har kvinder tiere end mænd kun modtaget nogle få års skoleundervisning.
Prior education is the single best predictor of future participation in adult education.
Mange ældre kvinder i de sydeuropæiske lande har endda aldrig gået i skole og er altså analfabeter. Det gælder for 81% i Grækenland, 27% i Spanien og 12% i Italien.
Older women are less likely than older men to have received more than primary education, and many older women in Mediterranean countries had no formal schooling and are illiterate: 81% in Greece, 27% in Spain and 12% in Italy.
Ældrediskrimination inden for undervisningspolitik og -finansiering rammer institutioner men også enkeltpersoner.
Ageism and age discrimination in education policy and provision affect institutions and individuals alike.
Ældre kan føle at være til byrde for yngre kursister (ringe selvagtelse) eller synes ikke længe re, det kan betale sig at uddanne sig i deres alder.
Older people may feel themselves a burden on younger students (low self-esteem) or they may believe that training at their age is no longer worthwhile.
Deltagelsen af ældre i voksenundervisning er i alle lande meget beskeden.
Participation by older people in educational programs is very low in all countries.
I forskellige europæiske lokalprojekter beskæftiger man sig med ældre kvinders særlige uddannelsesbehov.
Older women's specific educational needs have been targeted by several community-based projects in Europe.
I Frankrig udbyder fx organisationen CRIASS i Lyon kurser i at tilpasse sig pensionisttilværelsen. Initiativet henvendte sig oprindelig til de omkring 50-årige kvinder, hvis familiemæssige rolle havde ændret sig, fordi deres børn var rejst hjemmefra.
For instance, CRIASS in Lyon, France, offers "Adaptation to Retirement" courses which have addressed from the outset the position of women in their fifties, whose domestic role has changed as their children have left home.
I Holland har kvindeorganisationer dannet diskussionsgrupper, hvor ældre kvinder regelmæssigt kan mødes for efter eget valg at udveksle ideer eller drøfte problemer og på den måde hjælpe hinanden med at vænne sig til udviklingen i deres situation. CHRE (Center for Health and Retirement Education) i Storbritannien har begået et tilsvarende projekt i samarbejde med National Federation of Women's Institutes.
In the Netherlands, women's organisations have set up discussion groups in which older women can meet regularly to exchange ideas or discuss issues of their choice, helping each other to adjust to their change in role.
Foreningen lægger vægt på, at der skal udbydes særlige programmer, der svarer til kvinders særlige og specifikke krav. ·
It actively advocates special provision for women, designed to address distinct, gender-specific requirements. ·
Alt tyder på, at det menneskelige potentiale og lysten til at lære mere og udvikle sig ikke begrænses af alderen, og at ældre kvinder gen nem opmuntring og i de rette rammer nyder og har stort udbytte af at få lejlighed til at undervise og til selv at lære noget på alle niveauer.
There is extensive evidence that human potential and the desire for learning and personal development are not limited by age, and that with encouragement and the right environment older women enjoy and benefit from teaching and learning opportunities at all levels.
Der findes i dag et stort udvalg af undervisningstilbud for voksne. Udbudet vokser fortsat, ikke mindst af kurser beregnet på ældre menneskers behov og interesser.
A range of adult education programmes is now available - and growing rapidly - specifically to meet the needs and interests of older learners.
I Frankrig oprettedes i 1973 det første "senioruniversitet", og fænomenet bredte sig hurtigt til andre lande.
In France, in 1973, the first University of the Third Age (U3A) was founded.
På det europæiske fastland tilbydes kurser for ældre inden for det almindelige uddannelsessystem. I Storbritannien er strukturen mindre formel og bygger mere på gensidig hjælp med et stærkt socialt islæt.
They have spread rapidly across continental Europe, where they offer academic courses in association with traditional university systems, and in the United Kingdom, where they are run on less formal, largely self-help lines with a strong social element.
De eksamensorienterede kurser, som afholdes af det britiske Open University, er ikke specielt beregnet på ældre, men er alligevel yderst populære blandt pensionister.
Without specifically targeting older learners, studying for a degree from the Open University in the United Kingdom is popular with many retired people.
Det irske landsforbund af pensionistforeninger arrangerer ugentlige undervisnings-, kultur- og sportsaktiviteter.
In Ireland, the Federation of Active Retirement Associations organize weekly programmes of educational, cultural and sporting activities.
I Skandinavien er der en lang tradition for at danne studiekredse blandt lokale arbejdstagere, og det har medført et tætmasket net af organisationer for aktive 'pensionister. I flere EU-lande har institutioner, der udbyder voksenundervisning, allerede mange års succes på bagen.
In the Scandinavian countries there is a long-standing tradition of local workers' self-study groups which has developed into a dense patchwork of active retirement organisations, and in several EU Member States adult education institutes have a long and honourable history.
80% af de finske universiteters seniorstuderende er kvinder.
80% of students in Finnish U3As are women.
Ældre kvinder i Den Europæiske Union og rødder
Older women in the European Union
Alle sider af en ældre kvindes liv er formet af den kultur, hun er vokset op i, og påvirket af den kultur, hun nu lever i. Ældre kvinder
Every aspect of older women's lives is shaped by the culture in which they grew up and affected by the culture in which they are
nordpå.
now living.
Kvinder, som er indvandret fra tredjelande til EU-landene, er blevet udsat for et
Over a lifetime, older women in the southern European countries have experienced much greater change in the cultural environment than those in the north.
Kulturforskelle endnu større oppe omkring pensionsalderen.
Kingdom and Ireland resembles that of nation als rather more, in the UK mainly due to the presence of a high proportion of women among the Asian residents.
Det er foretagsomme kvinder, som har forandret sig i løbet af årene, hvor de er faldet til og er blevet integreret i deres værtsland. Eksempelvis har mange afrikansk-karibere, da de nåede pensionsalderen, forladt Storbritannien til fordel for deres fodeland, og endnu flere drömmer om at gøre det.
In any case, migrant groups are very different, with a variety of nationalities and languages.
Det fleste bliver alligevel, hvor de er, fordi deres bom og børnebørn bor i landet.
Their situation is extremely precarious and marginalised.
I disse kulturer har bedsteforældrene nemlig en vigtig funktion.
from third countries have experienced even greater culture shock
Kvindeandelen blandt immigranterne er ikke høj, langtfra endda, og indvandrerstrømmene har altså altid været domineret af mænd.
Non-European immigrant communities are concentrated in large, industrial cities.
I Portugal, Tyskland, Italien og Østrig er der langt flere mandlige end kvindelige indvandrere, også blandt ældre udlændinge.
For example, 40% of people of pensionable age who were born in former British colonies in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean and in Pakistan and who are now resident in the UK. live in the Greater London area.
I Storbritannien og Irland er der derimod ikke meget forskel på kønsfordelingen blandt indvandrerne og i resten af befolkningen.
Immigrants who have been in employment will generally have held low paid jobs and will not be entitled to good pensions.
Dette skyldes i Storbritannien, at der blandt de asiatiske fastboende er en stor andel af kvinder.
However, over rime these communities become well established, and the ghetto can strengthen the position of the older women there.
Indvandrergrupperne er i alle tilfælde meget uensartede og består af en blandet mosaik af nationaliteter og sprog.
As a minority within a minority, these women risk being thrown onto their families for occupation and company, with even greater danger of depression, loneliness and isolation than the older women in rural Greece.
I både Portugal og Grækenland findes mange hjemvendte immigranter, som helt har mistet deres rodder og ikke har ret til nogen form for socialsikring.
Older Asian women rarely live alone; if widowed, they often move in with their deceased husband's family.
De lever som følge heraf i en yderst usikker og marginaliseret situation.
in the course of their lives.
Familier er blevet sprængt, når børn og bor nebørn af økonomiske grunde har måttet rejse hjemmefra for at finde arbejde og bedre livsbetingelser andetsteds. Derved er ældre familie medlemmer blevet efterladt på landet eller i underudviklede bykvarterer.
There are also people who choose to migrate in retirement, for example northern Europeans who move to sunny Spain, Portugal or Italy, where they tend to congregate in semi-closed expatriate communities.
Det er svært at bygge bro mellem forskellige generationers holdninger og ideer, ikke mindst de steder, hvor den kulturelle omvæltning er gået hurtigst.
They generally express considerable satisfaction with their choice, and the host communities have made every effort to accommodate them.
Ungdommens forbrugsvaner er helt ude af trit med levemåden blandt den ældre generation, som i begyndelsen af deres voksenliv måtte kæmpe for at bevare deres arbejde i mellem krigsårene eller slide i det for at holde sammen på en familie under 30'ernes og 40'ernes politiske kaos, og som fortsat kun har en meget begrænset købekraft.
Older women whose husbands die while they are living abroad can, however, face difficulties with tax and inheritance laws that they may not have anticipated.
Som en "minoritet inden for en minoritet" er kvinder en både arbejdsmæssig og social belastning for deres familie og rammes i så fald endnu hyppigere af depression, ensom hed og afsondring, end det ses blandt ældre kvinder i græske landdistrikter.
Families have been fragmented when economic pressures have left the older people behind in the countryside or in the inner cities while their children and grandchildren have left to find new jobs and new- ways of life elsewhere.
De har typisk ingen erhvervserfaring og kun et begrænset kendskab til deres bopælslands sprog.
It is hard to bridge the outlook and attitudes of the generations, particularly where cultural change has been most rapid.
Der er risiko for udbrud af generationskonflikter, hvis kvinder i denne situation fortsat gør krav på den status, de ville have nydt i deres oprindelige samfund, eller på at opretholde de huslige skikke og sædvaner fra gamle dage, mens deres børn tilpasser sig verden udenfor, hvor de arbejder, og mens børnebørnene spreder sig over alt, hvad der er moderne blandt ungdommen på deres skole.
The consumer habits of younger people are beyond the reach of an older generation whose early adult hood was spent trying to hold on to a job during the interwar years or to keep a family together in the political upheavals of the 1930s and 1940s, and whose purchasing power is still very limited.
Andre vælger at forlade deres hjemland, når de går på pension.
Health and welfare service providers in the EU aim to work on an even-handed basis; the theory goes that were the services' policies to be adapted to individual groups of clients, this might be accounted discrimination.
Det gælder blandt andre de nordeuropæere, der flytter ned til solskinsvejr i Spanien, Portugal eller Italien, hvor de er tilbøjelige til at samles i nogle temmelig indelukkede emigrantsamfund.
What is well intended, however, can be experienced by the users as racial discrimination and hostility.
Denne kategori af udvandrere viser sig generelt at være meget tilfredse med deres valg, og værtslandene har sat alt i sving for at tage godt imod dem.
Older women whose cultural traditions make it repugnant for them to be examined by male doctors, or whose dietary requirements are not met by institutional kitchens, will be poorly served.
For ældre kvinder, der mister deres mand under det faste ophold i udlandet, kan der dog opstå uforudsete vanskeligheder omkring arveret og -beskatning.
A lifetime's experience will have established ineradicable attitudes and expectations. and it is arguable that equal treat
eller fordi der ikke længere er nogen slægtninge eller venner at vende tilbage til).
9 ment would be better achieved by more sensitive service. ·
f EU-landenes sundheds- og socialforsorg tilstræber at arbejde på et uvildigt grundlag. I tilfælde, hvor forsorgspolitikken tilpasses bestemte målgrupper, kan det i teorien se ud som forskelsbehandling.
Germany, France and the United Kingdom have the highest numbers of non-national women residents, especially from Turkey, north Africa, and from the Indian subcontinent and the islands of the Caribbean respectively.
Derved kan brugerne komme til at opleve de oprindeligt gode hensigter som racediskrimination og som et udtryk for en fjendtlig indstilling.
In the UK. most of the ethnic minority population are citizens, but in the other EU countries, most are not: without a vote, politicians have no incentive to represent their interests.
Ældre kvinder, som på grund af kulturelle traditioner er imod at lade sig undersøge af mandlige læger, eller de, der af princip nægter at spise kantinemad, lober ind i vanskeligheder. Visse holdninger og for ventninger, som er frugten af et langt livs erfaringer, vil ikke kunne rykkes op med rode.
Older women in these communities are among the most vulnerable and disadvantaged.They are more likely to need public assistance, but applying for it presents many difficulties, especially for widows who may have had little contact with official dom during their husband's lifetime.
En Eurobarometer-undersøgelse, som blev offentliggjort i Det Europæiske Arfor Ældre og for Solidaritet mellem Generationer (1993), viste klart de meget påfaldende forskelle mellem de sydlige og de nordlige EU-lande.
Dramatic differences between the northern and southern Member States were illustrated by a Eurobarometer Survey published during the European Year of Older People and Solidarity Between Generations (1993).
Svarene fra henholdsvis unge og ældre danskere viste, at ældre i Danmark er meget mere integreret i samfundet, end ældre portugisere eller grækere er det.
The responses of young and old in Denmark showed that older people were much better integrated in society than older people in Portugal and Greece.
I Middelhavslandene (indbefattet de sydfranske landdistrikter) er ældre menneskers eksistens i almindelighed stadig et familieanliggende. I Nordeuropa findes der flere aktiviteter for ældre uden for hjemmet, bedre adgang til pres se og medier, bedre telekommunikations- og transportmidler, som kan bringe folk i nærmere kontakt med hinanden, samt mere tilfredsstillende pensions- og bistandsordninger.
In the Mediterranean countries (including rural southern France), the family is still the core element of an older person's existence: in northern Europe, there are more activities outside the home with which an older person can become involved, better access to newspapers and the media, better telecommunications and transport to bring people together, better pension systems and support networks.
Næsten 89% af de ældre danskere synes, at deres dag er godt besat, mens under halvdelen af de adspurgte ældre (kvinder og mænd) i Grækenland og Spanien mener at have nok at lave for at få tiden til at gå.
In Denmark, nearly 89% of older people said that their days were full of activity, while in Greece and Spain less than half the people questioned (men and women) had enough to occupy their day.
Daglig kontakt med en pårørende plejes af 71% af de ældre i Italien, 65% i Grækenland, 61% i Spanien og 60% i Portugal, mens den tilsvarende andel i Danmark kun er på 14%.
71% in Italy, 65% in Greece, 61% in Spain and 60% in Portugal had contact with a family member each day, while the figure in Denmark was only 14%.
Alligevel siger kun 5% af de ældre danske re, at de sommetider foler sig alene, mens dette er tilfældet for 36% af de græske og over 20% af de portugisiske ældre.
But less than 5% of Danes ever felt lonely, as opposed to 36% of Greeks and more than 20% of Portuguese.
I Tyskland, Frankrig og Storbritannien findes det største antal indbyggere, som ikke er født i landet. Størstedelen kommer fra henholdsvis Tyrkiet og Nordafrika samt det indiske subkontitent og Karibien.
Migrants within it. by preserving their sense of ethnic identity and - ideally - providing them with culturally relevant support.
I Storbritannien har de fleste af de etniske mindretalsgrupper fået indfodsret.
Poor housing and stressful living conditions may accelerate the ageing process, but the situation is not negative for everyone.
Det er ikke i tilfældet i de øvrige EU-lande, og da indvandrerne ikke har stemmeret, mangler politikerne motivation for at forsvare deres interesser.
As one immigrant to Britain put it, "Comparing myself to old people in India I am much bener off because if you are poor in India you can't afford a doctor.
Sådanne samfunds ældre kvinder er blandt de mest udsatte og svagtstillede.
Only thing is. the social life in India is much better, the weather here mainly stops you going out a lot."
De ikke-europæiske immigrantsamfund er koncentreret i de store industribyer. 40% af dem, der stammer fra New Commonwealth eller Pakistan og nu har nået pensionsalderen, bor således i London-området.
Among migrants, older women are far less significant.
De indvandrere, som har haft arbejde, har almindeligvis haft lavt lønnede job og har derfor kun optjent en beskeden pension.
In Portugal, Germany, Italy and Austria, male non-nationals considerably outnumber their female counterparts, even in old age. The pattern in the United
Disse samfund er dog efter hånden godt etablerede, og ghettosituationen kan styrke ældre kvinders stilling internt i gruppen derved, at deres etniske identitetsfolelse opretholdes, og at de her - ideelt set - lever i egnede, kulturelle omgivelser.
Many of these women came to Europe with their husbands in the 1950s and early 1960s to work, and they are now reaching retirement age.
Men i de under udviklede kvarterer er der risiko for, at ældre vælger at holde sig inden dore for ikke at blive udsat for vold og racistiske fornærmelser.
They are enterprising people whose identity over the years, has changed as they have acquired roots and commitments in their country of adoption.
En dårlig bolig og vanskelige livsbetingelser kan få folk til at ældes hurtigere.
For example, some Afro-Caribbeans return to their countries of origin when they retire - even more dream of returning - but most remain because their children and grandchildren are established in the UK, and within the family the grandparents play an important role.
Mange af disse kvinder kom sammen med deres mand til Europa i 50'erne eller i begyndelsen af 60'erne for at arbejde, og de er i dag
Other older women move to an F.U country as dependants of relatives already established
De største risici
Major risk factors
Ældre kvinder lever mere udsat end ældre mænd eller yngre mennesker af begge køn.
More than either older men or younger people of either sex, older women are vulnerable.
Det, de især risikerer at blive udsat for, er fattigdom, sundhedsproblemer, dårlige boligforhold og social afsondring - og meget ofte en blanding af de fire plager.
Their principal hazards are poverty, ill health, poor housing and social isolation, very often a combination of all four.
Men det er konstateret, at ældre kvinder altid vurderer deres egen situation - indkomst,
Yet it is remarkable that older women consistently assess their situation - income, housing or health - more positively than would a younger
Økonomi bolig, helbred osv. - meget mere positivt end en ung forsker ville gøre det.
Finance researcher.
De alvorligste trusler for ældre kvinders vel være er af økonomisk art. Det Europæiske Ældre-Observationscenter har afsløret, at "det er blandt ældre kvinder og navnlig enker, at man finder nogle af de EU-borgere, som lider mest under fattigdom og social udelukkelse (...), et fænomen, man undertiden omtaler som "kvindeliggørelse af fattigdommen blandt ældre".
The greatest threats to the well-being of older women are financial. The European Observatory on Older People found that "older women, particularly widows, comprise some of the poorest and most socially excluded groups in the Community^..) - a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the féminisation of poverty in old age".
Dertil kommer, at kvinder tit arbejder for en lav løn og/eller på deltid og af samme grund ikke kan oppebære en fuld, lovsikret alderspension.
They are much more likely to have had periods out of the employment market for family reasons; moreover their work is often low paid and/or part-time, so that they are unable to earn a full pension under the rules.
Spanien, Østrig, Irland, Tyskland og Storbritannien har lavere grænser for de lønsatser og/eller præsterede timetal, hvorunder erhvervsaktive ikke har ret til nogen økonomisk hjælp fra det offentlige.
In Spain, Austria, Ireland, Germany and the UK, there are lower limits on earnings and/or hours worked below which people in employment are not eligible for social insurance.
I Storbritannien findes der 2.250.000 arbejdende kvinder, som ikke tjener nok til at betale deres socialsikringsbidrag, og som derfor ikke engang kan oppebære den minimale pension fra det offentlige. Siden 1978 har gifte kvinder med lønarbejde ifølge en særlig forord ning kunnet nøjes med at betale et lavere bidrag og på den måde optjene ret til et mindre pensionsbeløb.
In the UK, 2,250,000 working women do not earn enough to pay National Insurance contributions and therefore do not qualify even for the basic State pension in their own right; until 1978, a special provision allowed married women in paid employment to pay contributions at a lower rate towards a diminished retirement pension.
Blandt ældre kvinder kan kun 16% i eget navn hæve fuld pension fra staten,'mens 57% modtager et beløb, der ligger under fattig domsgrænsen.
Only 16% of women earn a full State pension in their own right; 57% of women will receive a State pension below the poverty line.
Den væsentligste del af ældres indkomst er deres pension i form af den lovsikrede aldersrente og - for nogle ældres vedkommende -pensionsbeløb fra deres tidligere arbejdsgiverT Hertil kommer eventuelle pensionsopsparinger og fortsatte lønudbetalinger.
Pensions are the most important element in older people's incomes, comprising both statutory social security pensions and the occupational pensions available to some workers. Other elements are income from investments and savings and earned income.
Med den nuværende, forventede levetid kan en kvinde sagtens hæve pension i en fjerdedel af sit liv.
With current life expectancy, women can spend a quarter of a lifetime living on a pension.
Kun i Skandinavien og i Holland har kvinder og mænd som fastboende indbyggere ret til særskilt folkepension.
Only in the Scandinavian countries and in the Netherlands are both men and women entitled to an old age pension in their own right on the basis of being resident citizens.
Mere nyt er det, at pensionskasserne i Luxembourg, Østrig, Belgien og Tyskland siden 1992 har anerkendt lønmodtagerbidrag (til reducerede satser) fra kvinder, som ikke har ind betalt bidrag i perioder, hvor de af familieårsager ikke har været erhvervsaktive.
More recently, pension schemes in Luxembourg, Austria, Belgium and Germany (since 1992) give women credit (at a reduced rate) for contributions not made, during an interruption in their working career for family reasons.