natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Via denne fusion fik Swedish Match, som er den førende tændstikfabrikant i Europa og også opererer på verdensplan, styrket sin i forvejen stærke postion i EØS lidt.
As a result of the establishment ofthe joint venture, Swedish Match, which is the European leader in this industry and is also active globally,was able slightly to increase its strong position in the EEA.
Et af de interessante aspekter i sagen drejede sig om den sondring, Kommissionen foretog mellem tændstikker beregnet til videresalg og to andre produktkategorier, nemlig engangslightere og reklametændstikker og -lightere.
One of the interesting aspects of this decision is the fine distinction drawn by the Commission betweenmatches for resale and two other categories of product: disposable lighters, and publicity matches anddisposable lighters.
På basis af en analyse af de markedsundersøgelser, der foreligger, og priserne på tændstikker og engangslightere kunne Kommissionen påvise, at tændstikker fortrinsvis anvendes til husholdningsbrug, medens engangslightere hovedsagelig bruges af rygere, og at der kun er en ret svag korrelation mellem dem med hensyn til pris- og salgsudvikling.
Basing itself on an analysis of available studies and on the examination of the pricesof matches and disposable lighters, the Commission managed to show that the former are mainly used forhousehold purposes whereas the latter are basically used by smokers, and that there is relatively littlecorrelation between their price or their sales trends.
Ligesom den allerede understregede i Nestlé/Perricr og senere i Coca-Cola/Amalgated Beverages GB, fremhævede Kommissionen i denne sag, at en simpel funktionel substituerbarhed ikke i sig selv er nok til at drage den konklusion, at to produkter tilhorer det samme marked.
As it had already underlined in Nestle/Perrier and,more recently, Coca-Cola/Amalgated Beverages GB, the Commission pointed out on this occasion thatmere functional substitutability is not sufficient in itself to prompt the conclusion that two productsbelong to the same market.
Sondringen mellem tændstikker til videresalg og reklameartikler var også baseret på flere elementer.
Publicity matches and disposable lighters also have several characteristicswhich distinguish them from matches for resale.
Således kan reklameartikler, som har et konkret reklameformål, ikke uden videre købes af forbrugerne, og de fremstilles, markedsføres og distribueres desuden anderledes.
For instance, they have the specific function ofpromoting brands, they are not available for purchase by consumers and they differ in their productionand marketing and the distribution channels used.
Med hensyn til afgrænsningen af det relevante geografiske marked fandt Kommissionen ikke, at det kunne være større end EØS-området, i betragtning af forskellene i konkurrencevilkår mellem EØS og de vigtigste produktionsområder, hvorfra disse produkter importeres (bl.a. Tyrkiet).
As regards the relevant geographic market, the Commission did not extend this beyond the European Economic Area, given the differences in competition conditions in the EEA and the main productionareas from which such products are imported (one of which is Turkey).
I sin analyse fandt Kommissionen dog, at denne import lagde et betydeligt konkurrencepres på de største producenter i EØS, der ofte havde haft et mangeårigt statsligt monopol.
In its analysis, however, the Commission considered that these imports exert significant competitivepressure on the main producers situated in the EEA - often manufacturers who have long held a nationalmonopoly.
Desuden udgør den betydelige produktionskapacitet i Tjekkiet, Polen og Kroatien, hvorfra der allerede i dag eksporteres til EØS, en yderligere kilde til potentiel konkurrence, som kan tænkes at ville give sig udslag i, at aftagerne får adgang til leverancer fra andre end parterne.
Moreover, the considerable production capacity in the Czech Republic, Poland and Croatia,countries which now export to the EEA, means potential supplementary competition which could easily
ANVENDELSEN AF KONKURRENCEREGLERNE I DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION sammen med. at de grossister, der importerede KAV's produkter til FOS. kunne blive berøvet denne vigtige forsyningskilde, hvis den fusionerede enhed omlagde sin forretningsstrategi.
APPLICATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION translate into further alternative sources of supply. One of the concerns triggered by the joint venture wasthat wholesalers importing products manufactured by KAV into the EEA market might be deprived of thisimportant source of supply following revision of the new entity's commercial strategy.
1 betragtning af Swedish Matchs udtalelser om, at selskabet ville fortsætte med at levere til disse grossister på fair vilkår i en tilstrækkelig lang periode, var der ikke grund til at frygte for, at det ville lã negative indvirkninger på konkurrenceforholdene.
However, given Swedish Match's declarations that it will continue to supply these wholesalers on fair terms for at least asufficient duration, there was no fear of harmful consequences for competition in this respect.
Efter sine undersøgelser konkluderede Kommissionen derfor, at den begrænsede forøgelse af Swedish Matchs markedsandel, som fusionen ville fore til, ikke i nævneværdig grad ville ændre noget ved den forende stilling, virksomheden i forvejen havde på markedet for tændstikker til videresalg.
At the end ofits investigations the Commission therefore concluded that the limited increase in Swedish Match's marketshare as a result of the establishment of the joint venture would not significantly alter the already strongposition of this leader on the market for matches for resale.
Kommissionen understregede dog. at den i betragtning af Swedish Match's meget stærke stilling på markedet (med en markedsandel på tæt ved 60%) og markedsstrukturerne ville holde nøje øje med enhver ny transaktion, som Swedish Match måtte gennemfore i denne sektor.
Nevertheless, the Commission emphasised thatit would closely monitor any new moves that might be made by Swedish Match in the sector, given thepower of this operator (whose market share is close to 60%) and the structure of the market.
Fusioner i biludstyrssektoren
Merger proposals in automobile equipment
Disse tre sager havde det til fælles, at de drejede sig om biludstyr, såsom airbags, billåse og tyverisikringssystemer samt bilsæder, og at Kommissionen baserede sin analyse på et relevant geografisk marked, som mindst omfatter EØS-området.
The interesting aspect shared by these three cases is that they all concerned motor vehicle equipment,such as airbags, locking and anti-theft systems or car seats, and that the Commission based its analysis ona relevant geographic market covering at least the European Economic Area (EEA).
1 alle sagerne fremgik det af' Kommissionen undersøgelser, at fusionerne ikke ville hæmme konkurrencen i nogen af de pågældende sektorer.
In each case, the Commission's inquiry showed that the merger entailed no risk of a restriction of competition in any of thesectors involved.
Kommissionen besluttede således at godkende den amerikanske virksomhed TRW Inc.'s overtagelse al" hele kapitalen i den tyske virksomhed Magna Automotive Holding GmbH, som fremstiller rat, airbagsystemcr og airbagoppustningssystemer til biler.
Thus the Commission decided to approve the acquisition by the American firm TRW Inc. of all the sharesin the German firm Magna Automotive Holding GmbH, which manufactures and sells vehicle steeringwheels, airbags and airbag inflation systems.
TRW har verdensomspændende aktiviteter inden for produktion og salg af" komponenter og systemer til bil, rumfarts- og forsvarsindustrien.
TRW is active worldwide in the manufacture and sale ofparts and systems for the automobile, aerospace and defence industries.
Kommissionen fastslog, at fusionen inden for bilrat ikke ville føre til nogen markedsandelssammenlægning, eftersom TRW ikke sælger bilrat i Europa, men at TRW på EØS-markedet for airbags ville få øget sin markedsandel betydeligt ved fusionen.
While the Commission foundthat, as regards vehicle steering wheels, the proposed merger would not result in an aggregation of marketshares, since TRW does not market vehicle steering wheels in Europe, it noted that on the EEA market forairbags TRW would significantly increase its market shares.
Tilsammen tegnede parterne sig dog ikke for over ca. 35% af markedet, og TRW ville blive udsat før konkurrence fra andre udbydere som f.eks. Autoliv, Petri, Morton og Allied Signal.
However, the combined shares ought not toexceed approximately 35% of the market, and TRW would be faced with competition from othersuppliers such as Autoliv, Petri, Morton and Allied Signal.
Inden for oppustningssystemer konstaterede Kommissionen, at TRW igennem de seneste år ikke havde haft nogen storre markedsandel i EØS og efter fusionen ville fã nogenlunde samme position som Autoliv, der i dag er den førende på markedet.
As for airbag inflation systems, the Commission noted that TRW held few market shares in the EEA in recent years and that, after the merger,it would have a similar position to that of Autoliv, the previous leader on the market.
De ville begge være udsat for konkurrence fra Morton og andre, mindre udbydere.
Both would be facedwith competition from Morton and from smaller suppliers.
Kommissionen godkendte endvidere Siemens Aktiengcsellschafts (Siemens) erhvervelse af interesser i Hülsbeck & Fürst (HUF). Siemens fik derved del i kontrollen med HUF. sammen med virksomhedens hidtidige kommanditister. HUF fremstiller bl.a. mekaniske komponenter til låse- og tyverisikringssystemer til biler, og Siemens producerer elektroniske kompdiienlcr hertil. Kommissionen fastslog, at Siemens' erhvervelse af interesser i HUF ikke ville føre til skabelse eller styrkelse af nogen dominerende stilling. Der ville ikke blive tale om nogen markedsandelsforogel.se i Europa inden for låscsystemer, eftersom de to virksomheder fremstiller forskellige komponenter. På markedet for 28.1.1997.
The Commission also authorised an equity investment by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (Siemens) in Hiilsbeck & Fiirst (HUF). Through this operation, Siemens acquired control of HUF jointly with itsinitial partners. HUF manufactures, in particular, mechanical components for motor vehicle locking andanti-theft systems; Siemens produces electronic components for such systems. The Commissionestablished that Siemens's equity investment in HUF would not give rise to the creation or strengtheningof a dominant position. There would be no aggregation of market shares in Europe in the locking systems 28.1.1997. 29.4.1997. 22.7.1997.
177 udvikling af låsesystemcr til biler var der heller ingen risiko for skabelse af en dominerende stilling, bl.a. som følge af"bilproducenternes stærke position over for deres leverandører som aftagere.
On the market for the development oflocking systems for motor vehicles, the creation of a dominant position was not to be feared, in particularin view of the strength of demand from motor vehicle manufacturers vis-a-vis their suppliers.
Lear er en bilkomponentfabrikant, der fremstiller og sælger komplette standard-bilsæder efter »just-in-time«-prineippet samt andre komponenter til bilkabincr.
Lear is a producer of vehicle components which manufactures andsupplies complete standard vehicle seats on a just-in-time basis and other components for vehicleinteriors.
Keiper Car Seating fremstiller og sælger også komplette bilsæder.
Keiper Car Seating also produces and supplies complete vehicle seats.
Kommissionen koncentrerede derfor sin analyse om markedet for standard-bilsæder i EØS, hvor den fastslog, at der efter Lears overtagelse af Keiper Car Seating ville være tre store udbydere på markedet, som hver ville have en markedsandel på mellem 20% og 40% regnet i værdi, nemlig Johnson Control, Bertrand Faure og Lear, samt syv små udbydere.
As its analysis related to the market for standard car seats in the EEA, the Commission found that afterthe acquisition of Keiper Car Seating by Lear, there would be three large suppliers left on the market,each holding more than 20% and less than 40% of the market in value terms, namely Johnson Control,Bertrand Faure and Lear, and seven small competitors.
Denne koncentration på udbudssiden er ledsaget af en koncentration på eftersporgselssiden. Kommissionen konstaterede, at bilfabrikanterne havde et godt kendskab til priser og omkostninger på verdensplan og henvendte sig til flere leverandører, før de afgav ordrer på bilsæder.
Coupled with this concentration in supply is theconcentration on the demand side.
Nogle bilfabrikanter har endog deres egne anlæg til produktion af bilsæder, hvilket giver dem mulighed for at afpasse deres indkøb efter deres egne ressourcer.
Some manufacturers even have in-house car seat production, which allows them toswitch sourcing between internal resources and external suppliers.
Kommissionen konkluderede, at markedet for standard-bilsæder i EØS var præget af hård konkurrence, og at fusionen derfor hverken ville skabe eller styrke nogen dominerende stilling.
The Commission concluded thatcompetitive pressures are strong on the standard seats market in the EEA and that, consequently, themerger would not lead to the creation or strengthening of a dominant position.
Kommissionens afgrænsning af det geografiske marked til EØS var baseret på, at selv om der kan være korte afstande mellem en sædefabrikant eller samlefabrikant og bilfabrikanter, bl.a. på grund af"behovet for »just-in-time«-lcverancer, selv om leverancerne kan foregå på lokalt eller regionalt plan, og selv om de forskellige udbyderes markedsandele kan variere fra den ene medlemsstat til den anden, var det ikke nok til, at man på dette område kunne fastslå, at markederne var nationale eller lokale.
The Commission based its assessment of the EEA on the following considerations: the geographicproximity which may exist between a manufacturer or a fitter and a motor vehicle manufacturer, inparticular in view of the need to supply equipment just-in-time, the fact that deliveries may be made atregional or local level, or the fact that the market shares of the different suppliers vary from one Member State to the next are not in this instance conclusive evidence that markets are national or evensubnational.
Generelt udspiller konkurrencen mellem sædefabrikanter om at opnå ordrer fra bilfabrikanterne sig på mindst EU-plan. bilfabrikanterne udformer ofte deres udstyrsmodellcr på mindst EU-plan, og de kan indhente tilbud fra alle europæiske sædefabrikanter, ikke mindst i betragtning af', at transportomkostninger ikke lægger hindringer i vejen for leverancer på tværs af grænserne.
Generally speaking, competition between manufacturers to obtain supply contracts lakesplace on at least a Community scale; equipment models are most often designed by car builders at thislevel at least, and for their orders makers can call on offers from all European manufacturers, especiallysince transport costs are not an obstacle to transfrontier cross-supplies.
Kommissionen godkendte, at Mannesmannröhren-Werkc AG (MRW), som er et 79%-ejet datterselskab i den tyske Mannesmann-koncern, overtog 21% af aktierne i Vallourec SA (Vallourec).
The Commission approved the operation whereby Mannesmannrohren-Werke AG (MRW), a 79%subsidiary of the German group Mannesmann, planned to acquire 21% of the shares of Vallourec SA
ANVENDELSEN AF KONKURRENCEREGLERNE I DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION meningen, at MRW og Vallourec skulle etablere et joint venture, hvori de sammenlagde deres aktiviteter inden for somlose ror.
(Vallourec). As part of the transaction it was planned that MRW and Vallourec would set up a jointventure combining their seamless tubes manufacturing activities.
Kommissionen fandt, at MRW i betragtning af den store spredning af de resterende aktier og det ringe fremmode på generalforsamlingerne i realiteten kom til at kontrollere Vallourec med sine 21% af kapitalen.
The Commission considered that, giventhat the remaining shareholdings were very widely dispersed and poorly represented at the generalmeetings, MRW would have de facto control of Vallourec by owning 21% of its capital.
MRW beskæftiger sig med fremstilling, færdigforarbejdning og markedsforing af stålrør og produkter til stålror, fremstilling af basismaterialer til rorproduktion og fremstilling af forskellige stålmaterialer.
MRW is active in the manufacture, finishing and marketing of steel tubes and steel tube products, themanufacture of basic materials for the production of tubes and manufacturing operations for various steeland other materials.
Vallourec er en fransk producent afror og dertil knyttede produkter samt andre materialer af stål.
Vallourec is a French firm, whose activities consist in the manufacture of tubes andpipes and associated products and the manufacture of other steel materials.
Der var overlapning mellem MRW's og Vallourecs aktiviteter inden for fremstilling al" ror af kulstofstål og legeret stål. præcisionsror, ror til kuglelejer, gasflasker, rørkomponenter til biler samt stål og halvfabrikata af stål og detailsalg af stålror.
MRW's and Vallourec's activities overlapped in the production of carbon and alloy steel tubes, precisiontubes, bearing tubes, gas cylinders, tubular components for automobiles, the production of steel andsemi-finished steel products and the retail distribution of steel tubes.
Eftersom der var tale om mange forskellige rørkategorier, måtte Kommissionen tage stilling til. hvordan de relevante markeder burde afgrænses.
The diversity of the categories of tubes concerned led the Commission to examine the dividing linesbetween the markets for the products in question.
Den fandt, at ror af kulstofstål og legeret stål kan opdeles i almindelige ror (som igen kan opdeles i handelsror, mekaniske ror og strukturrør), ror til kraftværker, transportrør af stål, foringsror og produktionsror samt horerør (de sidstnævnte tre rørtyper anvendes til olie og gas). Kommissionen konkluderede efter en rundspørge i branchen, at der før de forskellige kategorier af rør desuden fandtes særskilte markeder for sømløse og svejste rør.
It considered that the carbon and alloy steel tubes can bedivided into commodity grade tubes (which can be further subdivided into commercial tubes, mechanicaltubes and structural tubes), powergen tubes, steel line pipe, OCTG tubing and casing, and OCTG drill pipe.The Commission also drew the conclusion, after a survey of the trade, that for these various categories oftubes there were separate markets for seamless and welded products.
Selv om der på længere sigt er tendens til. at somlose ror erstattes af svejste ror, er der stadig mange formål, hvor der kun kan bruges sømløse ror.
Even though, in the long term, there isa continuous tendency to substitute welded tubes for seamless ones, there are still important applications forwhich only seamless tubes are appropriate.
Og selv om noget tyder på. at de relevante geografiske markeder kan være større end EØS-området. baserede Kommissionen sig i sin vurdering af fusionens virkninger på markeder, der kun omfattede EØS.
In addition, although there were indications that the relevantgeographic markets were larger than the European Economic Area, the Commission examined the situationthat would result from the operation on the basis of markets limited to the EEA.
Fusionen mellem MRW og Vallourec måtte antages at give parterne markedsandele på 30% eller derover i EØS inden for en række produkter (flere kategorier af sømløse rør til forskellige formål, gasflasker, rør tii kuglelejer, sømløse præcisionsror).
The combination of MRW's and Vallourec's activities would lead to market shares of 30% or more of EEA consumption in a number of products (several categories of seamless tubes for various uses, gascylinders, bearing tubes, seamless precision tubes).
Af' alle disse grunde godkendte Kommissionen fusionen mellem disse to store rørproducenter.
For all these reasons, the Commission authorised thelinking of these two large producers of tubes.
Etableringen af et joint venture mellem Thyssen og Krupp inden for flade stålprodukter har været genstand for to godkendelsesbeslutninger truffet af Kommissionen.
The creation of a joint venture between Thyssen and Krupp in the flat steel products sector was thesubject of two Commission authorising decisions.
Den første beslutning, der blev tru Hel den 28. juli efter EKSF-traktatens artikel 66. drejede sig om produkter i EKSF-sekloren, medens den anden omhandlede alle de andre produkter og aktiviteter, bl.a. visse produkter til bilindustrien.
The first, adopted on 28 July under Article 66 of the ECSC Treaty, applied to the products falling within the scope of this provision, while the second coveredall the other products and activities of the joint venture, in particular certain products for the motorindustry.
Selv om Thyssen efter fusionen fik majoriteten i den nye virksomhed, var der adskillige elementer, der viste, at det nye joint venture ville være kontrolleret af de to aktionærer i fællesskab, bl.a. den omstændighed, at der skulle oprettes et paritetisk aktionærudvalg, som skulle gøre det lettere for bestyrelsen at træffe beslutninger med enstemmighed, samt indfores voldgifts- og mæglingsprocedurer for det tilfælde, at der
Although Thyssen will have a majority holding in the new firm, several factors indicate thatjoint control will be exercised by the two shareholders over the joint subsidiary, in particular thesetting-up of a joint shareholders' committee charged with facilitating the taking of unanimous decisions
Fusioner i den kemiske industri
Merger proposals in the chemical industry
Den første af" sagerne drejede sig om BASF og Floechst, der lagde deres aktiviteter inden for polypropylenproduktion sammen i en ny virksomhed, Targor. Selv om moderselskaberne fik hver 50% af virksomhedens kapital, var der en række kontraktbestemmelser indgået af" dem, som bevirkede, at Kommissionen fandt, at BASF ville blive i stand til at kontrollere Targor alene.
In thefirst, BASF and Hoechst combined their polypropylene production activities in the new firm of Targor.Despite the fact that each parent company holds 50% of the company's capital, various clauses in theagreement between the two founding companies led the Commission to consider that BASF wouldnevertheless be able to exercise sole control over Targor.
Efter fusionen bliver Targor den næststørste producent af' polypropylen i Vesteuropa, kun overgået af" Montell.
Targor will be the second-largest producer of polypropylene in western Europe, immediately after Montell.
De tre største producenter, Montell, Targor og Borealis, kommer herefter til at sidde på halvdelen af udbuddet af polypropylen.
The three main producers Montell, Targor and Borealis will henceforth account for more thanhalf the supply of polypropylene.
Kommissionen fandt imidlertid ikke, at denne fusion rejste alvorlig tvivl om foreneligheden med fællesmarkedet, eftersom der stadig findes et stort antal konkurrenter på markedet.
However, the Commission did not feel serious doubts could be raisedabout the compatibility of the joint venture with the common market, since there are still manycompetitors on the market.
På forsknings- og udviklingsområdet indtog Hoechst en fremtrædende stilling inden for metallocenteknologi. men den nye virksomheds store F & U-potentialc efter fusionen ville imidlertid ikke føre til skabelse eller styrkelse af'en dominerende stilling.
Similarly, as regards research and development, Hoechst's leading position inthe field of metallocene technology and the creation of a strong combined R & D potential will not lead tothe creation or strengthening of a dominant position.
De andre to sager drejede sig om polycthylenindustrien.
There were two other cases concerning the polyethylene sector.
Den ene, der ikke havde nogen mærkbare indvirkninger på konkurrencen, gik ud på, at det joint venture - Montell - som Shell og Montedison havde oprettet i 1994 (Shell/Montedison-sagen). overgik fra at blive kontrolleret af de to moderselskaber til herefter kun at være kontrolleret af' Shell.
One operation, which had no significanteffect on competition, consisted in the change from joint control over the joint venture Montell, set up by Shell and Montedison in 1994 (the Shell/Montecatini case) to sole control by Shell.