natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Rapporten indeholder en vurdering af rentabiliteten af koncernens forskellige aktiviteter (livsforsikring, skadesforsikring, globalfinansiering, detailbankvirksomhed, ejendomsfinansiering, afviklingsselskaber) og fremhævetplanens kritiske aspekter.
The report assesses the group's viability in the various areas inwhich it is active (life assurance, non-life insurance, global finance, retail banking, the bank specialisedin the property sector, the hive-off vehicles), stressing the critical aspects of the plan.
Den indeholder ligeledes en vurdering af. om omstruktureringen kan styrkes, og om andre afhændelser er mulige.
It also considerswhether greater restructuring efforts and additional divestitures are possible.
Den gennemgår potentielle modydelser og spørgsmålet om privatisering.
The report examinespossible quid pro quos and the question of privatisation.
Efter at have undersøgt omstruktureringsplanen og gennemgået svarene på en række supplerende spørgsmål konkluderer konsulentfirmaet i sin rapport, at planen formentlig vil resultere i, at GAN igen bliver overskudsgivende, men at koncernens rentabilitet vil forblive skrøbelig, medmindre dens forskellige aktiviteter bakkes op af mere kapitalstærke partnere.
Having considered the restructuring plan and the replies to the additional questions put by the consultant,the report concludes that the plan is likely to bring GAN out of the red and beyond, but that the group'sviability remains precarious while its various activities are not backed by stronger and more highlycapitalised partners.
En af dem vedrører en konkret sag og må derfor forblive fortrolig. Den omtales saledes ikke i denne beretning.
Seven studies commissioned the previous year were completed in 1997. One concerns an individual caseand must remain confidential.
Der blev gennemført to andre fortrolige undersøgelser.
It is therefore not dealt with here. Two other confidential studies werecompleted.
Kun deres titler nævnes nedenfor:
Only their title is given below:
Det direkte ansvar, der i henhold til tysk lovgivning og retspraksis påhviler en eneaktionær ved tilbagesøgning af ulovlig statsstøtte som følge af en negativ kommissionsbeslutning
Direct liability of the controlling shareholder under German law and case law for therecovery of illegal state aid pursuant to a negative Commission decision
Nedenfor folger et resumé af de fire andre undersøgelser, der blev afsluttet i 1997.
The other four studies completed in 1997 are summarised below.
Forlagsvirksomhed
Study on publishing
Undersogclsen skulle besvare en række spørgsmål om forlagsindustrien.
The study had a number of questions to answer on the publishing market.
Formålet var at finde ud af, om ordninger med faste videresalgspriser på bøger har den positive indvirkning på markedet, som fortalerne for disse ordninger påstår.
Its purpose was to find outwhether systems of retail price maintenance for books have the positive impact on the market which theirproponents believe they have.
De spørgsmål, som konsulentfirmaet blev præsenteret for, vedrørte en række europæiske lande (med og uden faste videresalgspriser) og USA, og de angik bl.a. udviklingen i antallet af forlag, koncentrationen inden for forlagsindustrien, strukturen inden for detailhandelen, statstilskud til bogsektorcn, forholdet mellem prisen på indbundne og uindbundne bøger, prisudviklingen generelt og antallet af nyudgivelser.
The questions put to the consultants concerned a number of Europeancountries (with and without retail price maintenance) and the US and dealt with the growing number ofpublishers, concentration in publishing, the structure of the retail sector, state subsidies for the booksector, the relation between hardback books and paperback books, price trends, title production and othermatters.
Undersøgelsen viser, at for så vidt angår de påståede fordele ved faste videresalgspriser på bøger, der efter sigende fremmer bogproduktionen, hindrer en koncentration på forlagsområdet, sikrer et stort udbud af boghandlere og holder priserne nede til gavn for forbrugerne, adskiller situation i lande med faste videresalgspriser sig ikke nævneværdigt eller slet ikke fra situationen i lande uden faste videresalgspriser.
The study concludes that as far as the alleged advantages of book retail price maintenance areconcerned, namely to further title production, to prevent concentration in publishing, to guarantee a widenetwork of retail outlets and to keep prices down for the consumer, countries with retail pricemaintenance have no substantial advantage, if any, over countries without.
Gennemførelse af Kommissionens nye politik over for linjekonferencers fastsættelse af landfragtrater, jf. rapporten af 8. juni 1994 fra gruppen for kombineret transport til Rådet
Implementation of the Commission's new policy on inland price fixing by linershipping conferences as set out in its Report to the Council of 8 June 1994 (report ofthe Multimodal Group)
Baggrunden for gruppens arbejde
Background to the Multimodal Group's work
Det hedder i rapporten, at linjekonferencernes praksis med at fastsætte fælles fragtrater for landtransportafsnittet af kombinerede transporter er i strid med konkurrencereglerne, og at den i sin nuværende form ikke kan fritages hverken individuelt eller som led i en gruppefritagelse.
This report states that the current joint fixingof inland rates for multimodal transport operations practised by shipowners who are members of shippingconferences contravenes the competition rules and does not qualify in its present form for any exemption,whether block or individual.
Kommissionen har allerede gjort dette princip gældende i to konkrete sager: først i forbindelse med sin beslutning af 19. oktober 1994 vedrørende TAA (Trans Atlantic Agreement) og dernæst i forbindelse med sin beslutning af 21. december 1994 vedrorende FEFC.
The Commission has already applied this principle in two individual cases: firstly in the TAA (Trans Atlantic Agreement) Decision of 19 October 1994 and again in the Decision of 21 December 1994against the FEFC.
I 1996 besluttede den desuden at ophæve TACA's bodeimmunitet i forbindelse med samme praksis (TACA står for Trans Atlantic Conference Agreement).
In 1996 it also decided to withdraw TACA's (Trans Atlantic Conference Agreement)immunity from fines in connection with the same practice.
Alle disse beslutninger blev indbragt for Retten i Første Instans af de berørte rederier, som opnåede at få
These Decisions have all been appealedagainst before the Court of First Instance by the shipowners, who obtained an order suspendingimplementation of the first two.
ANVENDELSEN AF KONKURRENCEREGLERNE I DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION suspenderet gennemførelsen af de to første.
APPLICATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Foruden at tage afstand fra det aktuelle system foreslog Kommissionen i sin rapport en ny metode til at effektivisere landtransporten af containere og til at skabe bedre balance mellem befragternes og rederiernes interesser.
Besides finding against the present system, the Commission report proposed a new approach enablingoverland container transport to be organised more efficiently and a new system to be set up which wouldstrike a better balance between the interests of shippers and shipowners.
Den pågældende metode indebærer, at når grupper af rederier indgår økonomisk betydningsfulde samarbejdsaftaler om den del af transporter, der foregår til lands, vil Kommissionen i visse tilfældekunne indrømme sådanne aftaler om fastsættelse af landfragtrater en individuel fritagelse, forudsat at prisfastsættelsen er nødvendig for at gøre samarbejdet fordelagtigt.
This approach would mean that, where groups of shipowners concluded cooperation agreements ofsufficient economic importance as far as the land leg of the journey was concerned, the Commissionmight in certain circumstances be able to grant these agreements an individual exemption on inland pricefixing in so far as this was indispensable to the cooperation proving beneficial.
Uvis den logistiske styring af landtransporter (containerparker, containerflade osv.) varetages i fællesskab snarere end individuelt som i dag, vil rederierne kunne mindske deres omkostninger, forbedre deres tjenester og dermed skabe en gevinst, som kunne væltes over på afskiberne. Dette kunne eventuelt berettige en fritagelse.
If the logistics on the landleg (container depots, container fleets, etc.) were managed jointly, rather than individually as at present,this would enable shipowners to cut their costs, improve their services and thus create benefits whichcould be passed on to shippers and if necessary justify the exemption.
Den består af skibsredere, befragtere og uafhængige eksperter og har fået navnet »Gruppen for kombineret transport«.
It comprised shipowners, shippers and independentexperts and was called the Multimodal Group.
Dens formand hedder Sir Bryan Carsbcrg, der tidligere var direktør for de britiske konkurrencemyndigheder.
Its chairman was Sir Bryan Carsberg, the former head ofthe Office of Fair Trading.
Vismandsgruppen afleverede en foreløbig rapport til Karel Van Miert i februar 1996 og en endelig rapport i november 1997.
The Group drew up an interim report in February 1996 and a final report in November 1997, which it submitted to Mr Van Miert.
Den foreløbige rapport
Interim report.
Ved afleveringen af sin foreløbige rapport havde gruppen meddelt, at den agtede at forelægge Karel Van Miert en endelig rapport om en række rederiers konkrete forslag vedrørende et samarbejde om landtransportdelen. Rederierne var også blevet bedt om at forklare, hvordan et sådant samarbejde kunne gavne befragterne, og hvorfor det var så vigtigt at have mulighed for at fastsætte kollektive landfragtratcr.
On submitting the interim report on this multimodal issue the Group had stated its intention of providing Mr Van Miert with a final report analysing the specific proposals for cooperation on the land leg that the Group had requested from shipowners along with an explanation of how this would benefit shippers andwhy collective inland price fixing was indispensable to these benefits being attained.
Den foreløbige rapport blev oversendt til Rådet den 21. februar 1996.
The interim reportwas transmitted to the Council under cover of a letter dated 21 February 1996.
Rapporten beskæftigede sig forst og fremmest med det klassiske konferencesystem, hvor medlemmerne af en linjekonference fastsætter kollektive landfragtrater i en tarif uden reelt at samarbejde om landtransportdelcn.
The analysis in the report concentrated on the standard conference system involving the liner conferencemembers jointly fixing a tariff for inland rates without actually cooperating on the land leg.
Dette »gamle« system er stadig det mest almindelige for alle konferencer med undtagelse af TACA, der i slutningen af 1996 på forsøgsbasis indførte et nyt system for en begrænset del af landtransporterne, nemlig det såkaldte »Hub & Spoke System«. Som det er udformet af TACA, er dette system bygget op om tre centre1'", hvor der samles et tilstrækkeligt stort antal containere, og hvorfra disse containere transporteres til de forskellige havne. En landtransport til en given havn foregår via centret med konvojer af enten tog eller flodpramme.
This "old"system is still the rule for all conferences except the TACA, which at the end of 1996 introduced a trialsystem, for a limited number of inland operations, known as the "hub & spoke system". This system as operated by the TACA initially involves three inland hubs142being set up where asufficient number of containers to be transported to the ports are kept.
11 vis dette system blev anvendt i stor målestok, kunne man tilvejebringe en betydelig reduktion i antallet af tomme containere, der cirkulerer rundt under det gamle system, og dermed mindske omkostningerne.
If such a system were implemented on a largescale, the considerable number of empty containers moved about under the old system could be reduced,thereby bringing costs down, and shippers would ultimately be able to collect or return containers from orto the hub rather than just the port.
Færdiggørelse og præsentation af den endelige rapport
Completion and presentation of the final report
Sir Bryan Carsberg afleverede den endelige rapport til kommissær Karel Van Miert den 18. november 1997.
Sir Bryan sent the final report to Mr Van Miert on 18 November 1997.
Den endelige rapports opbygning og indhold
Structure and contents of the final report
Rapporten er på 23 sider (plus 4 bilag) og falder i tre dele:
The report runs to 23 pages (plus 4 annexes) and has three sections:
Første del hedder »General background« og gennemgår baggrunden for nedsættelsen af gruppen, gruppens mandat og Kommissionens politik.
• a first section entitled General background summarising the circumstances which led to the creationof the Group, its terms of reference and the Commission's policy;
Anden del hedder »Views of witnesses and description of the Hub & Spoke System« og indeholder navnene på de personer, der er blevet interviewet, deres hovedargumenter og en detaljeret analyse af forskellene mellem det gamle system og Hub & Spoke-systemet. Tredje del hedder »Conclusions and recommendations« og indeholder en redegørelse for gruppens endelige holdning til både det gamle system og Hub & Spoke-systemet. I denne del af'rapporten påpeger gruppen, at udgangspunktet for dens overvejelser skal være traktatens artikel 85, stk. 3, og at det vigtigste spørgsmål, der skal besvares, er følgende: »Er konferencernes kollektive fastsættelse af fragtrater for landtransportdelen afen kombineret transport virkelig til fordel for befragterne'/«
• a second section entitled Views of witnesses and description of the huh & spoke system indicatingwho was interviewed, with their principal arguments, and containing a detailed study comparing thehub & spoke with the old system;a third section entitled Conclusions and recommendations setting out the Group's final position withregard to both the old and the hub & spoke system. In this section the Group points out that the matter fell to be considered in the context of Article 85(3) of the Treaty, and that the key question it had to answer was: "Does collective pricefixing by conferences for the land leg of multimodal transport operations bring about benefits forshippers and is it indispensable for the attainment of those benefits!"The Group's main conclusions are:
Gruppen drager følgende hovedkonklusioner: for det første bekræfter den det synspunkt, den fremførte i den foreløbige rapport, nemlig at den ikke har hørt overbevisende argumenter for, at kollektivt fastsatte landfragtrater er absolut nødvendige for at drage fordel afleveringen af kombinerede transporttjenester for det andet ser gruppen ingen grund til at indrømme denne konferencepraksis en individuel fritagelse eller en gruppefritagelse, hvad enten den finder sted efter det gamle system eller efter Hub & Spoke-systemet, og det samme bør også gælde for andre operatører end rederier, der tilbyder en landtransport i kombination med en søtransport. Gruppen bygger denne konklusion på to interessante betragtninger: i)
• firstly, that it confirms its view put forward in the interim report that it has heard no convincingargument showing that collectively fixing land rates is indispensable in order to gain benefit from theprovision of multimodal transport services;
Hub & Spokc-konceptct er bedre end det gamle. Hvis det blev mere udbredt, kunne det forbedre hele tilrettelæggelsen af landtransporten af containere og resultere i visse fordele for både rederier og befragtere. Det kunne derved opfylde de to første betingelser i artikel 85, stk. 3, men parternes kollektive fastsættelse af landfragtrater forekommer ingenlunde at være nødvendig for dette system og for at hoste fordelene af systemet. ii) Gruppen afviser endnu engang rederiernes argument om, at det bør tillades at fastsætte kollektive landfragtrater af hensyn til gennemførelsen af de investeringer, der er nødvendige for at forøge samarbejdet om landtransportdelcn på samme måde som inden for Hub & Spoke-systemet. Apropos dette spørgsmål mener gruppen, at selv hvis konferencerne mister retten til at fastsætte priser, er det KONK. BERETN. 1997
• and secondly, that it sees no reason to grant either a block or an individual exemption to thisconference practice, whether it takes place under the old or the hub and spoke system, and that thesame should apply to any other operator besides shipowners providing land transport services incombination with sea transport.In reaching this conclusion, the Group makes two interesting statements: i) The concept of the hub & spoke system is better than the old one. If it were widely implemented,which it is not, it could improve the way in which overland container transport is organised andresult in certain benefits for both shipowners and shippers. It could then meet the first two conditionsof Article 85(3), but the collective fixing of inland rates by the parties in no way seems indispensableto such a system being set up and proving beneficial.ii) The Group once again advised rejection of the shipowners' argument that collective inland pricefixing should be authorised because it was indispensable to their easily making the requisiteinvestments, in order to be able to increase cooperation on the land leg as in the case of the hub andspoke system. On this subject it stated that, even if conferences lost the right to fix prices, it was inthe shipowners' interest to make investments which could lead to greater inland cooperation andreduce the costs that this entailed. Besides these main conclusions, the final report also contains other recommendations or importantlessons:
Uanset hvilket system der er tale om. bør befragterne have en reel mulighed for at vælge mellem
APPLICATION OF THE COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
»carrier haulage« og »merchant haulage«1" og på visse betingelser have adgang til rederiernes landdepoter eller hubs.
Whatever the system, shippers should have true freedom of choice between "carrier haulage" and"merchant haulage"143 and access under certain conditions to land depots or hubs belonging to the shipowners.
Vurdering af den endelige rapport
Assessment of the final report
Gruppens rapport bekræfter også Kommissionens analyse af den økonomiske ineffektivitet og de problemer, som det gamle system indebærer for befragterne.
The Group's report also confirms the Commission's analysis of the economic inefficiency and problems for shippers caused by current practiceunder the old system.
Den foreløbige og den endelige rapport understøtter således Kommissionens tiltag med hensyn til konferencernes praksis og udviklingen af den nye metode, som Kommissionen slår til lyd for.
The interim and final reports therefore firmly support the Commission's action with regard to theconferences' practice and the development of the new approach advocated by the Commission.
Oversendelse af den endelige rapport til Rådet
Transmission of the final report to the Council
Det er hensigten at forelægge Rådet den endelige rapport, jf det tilsagn, der blev afgivet i 1994.
In accordance with the undertaking given in 1994, it is intended to submit the final report to the Council.
Undersøgelse af det spanske marked for LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) og analyse af hindringerne for markedsadgang
Study on the liquid petroleum gas (LPG) market in Spain and analysis of the barriersto entry
Undersøgelsen konkluderede, at der for at lette adgangen til markedet er behov for følgende:
In addition, the following legislative requirements, among others, should be abolished:
• • at frigøre lager- og forarbejdningsfaciliteter til konkurrenter gennem udnyttelse af overflødige Repsol-faciliteter at indføre gennemsigtige og ikke-diskriminerende vilkår for TPA's adgang til lager- og forarbejdningsfaciliteter at tilskynde til begrænsede lovændringer angående lagerfaciliteter at revidere reglerne for de strategiske reserver at indføre en gennemsigtig prissætning diverse andre foranstaltninger.
The study analyses the regulatory and judicial framework governing the use and disclosure ofinformation in antitrust cases in the US. In particular, it indicates the various circumstances in whichinformation communicated to the US antitrust authorities by a party to a mutual assistance agreement
Baggrundsundersøgelse af de amerikanske lovregler om fortroligheden af oplysninger (inkl. forretningshemmeligheder) modtaget af de amerikanske konkurrencemyndigheder fra udenlandske konkurrencemyndigheder inden for rammerne af internationale samarbejdsaftaler
(MAA) might be requested by, and if appropriate disclosed to, third parties (defendants, other federalagencies, state attorneys, Congress), as well as the safeguards available to protect the information as faras possible from some types of disclosure.
Undersøgelsen konkluderer, at det er muligt at udlevere oplysninger til de tiltalte ved en amerikansk domstol.
Disclosure to defendants before a US court is possible.
Der gøres imidlertid opmærksom på, at det ikke er alle de oplysninger, som de amerikanske myndigheder råder over, der i sidste ende benyttes som bevismateriale, og at domstolen kan nedlægge forbud mod eller begrænse afsløringen af beskyttelsesværdige oplysninger
However, it should be borne in mind that notall information available to the US antitrust authorities is finally filed as evidence and that protectiveorders of the court can exclude or limit the disclosure of information worthy of protection.Disclosure to US federal agencies with sector-specific powers to enforce antitrust rules (DoT etc.) isless probable since the agency receiving the information under an MAA (i.e. the DoJ or the FTC)could refuse the request for disclosure.
Domstolene vil formentlig lægge større vægt på at beskytte oplysninger end på at imødekomme en stats anmodning om udlevering af"oplysninger
Courts would probably uphold confidentialityagainst a request for disclosure from a state.
• med hensyn til udleveringen af oplysninger til Kongressen er det usandsynligt, at situationen overhovedet vil opstå.
As regards disclosure to Congress, it seems unlikely that a request for disclosure to Congress wouldbe made in the first place.
IX - Reaktioner på den 26. beretning om konkurrencepolitikken
IX - Reactions to the Twenty-sixth Report A - European Parliament
Europa-Parlamentet, der henviser til Kommissionens 26. beretning om konkurrencepolitikken (1996) (SEK(97)0628 -
Resolution on the XXVIth report by the Commission on competition policy - 1996 (SEC(97)0628 - C40209/97)
C4-0209/97), der henviser til Kommissionens beretning om den femte oversigt over statsstoette i Den Europaciske Union til fremstillingsindustrien og en raekke andre sektorer (KOM(97) 170), der henviser til sin beslutning af 13. november 1996'46om den 25. beretning om konkurrencepolitikken og af 18. juli I997'47om Kommissionens groenbog om vertikale begraensninger i EU's konkurrencepolitik. - der henviser til betaenkning fra Udvalget om OEkonomi, Valutaspoergsmaal og Industripolitik og udtalelse fra Udvalget om Retlige Anliggender og Borgernes Rettigheder (A4-0316/97),
Union in the manufacturing and certain other sectors (COM(97)0170),having regard to its resolutions of 13 November 1996145 on the XXVth report on competition policy and of 18 July 1997146 on the Commission's Green Paper on vertical restraints in EC competitionpolicy, having regard to the report of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and Industrial Policy and the opinion of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Citizens* Rights (A4-0316/97),
A. der henviser til, at EU's konkurrencepolitik udtrykkeligt tager »sigte paa at give markederne den fleksibilitet, der er noedvendig for at fremme initiativ og innovation, og muliggoere en effektiv og dynamisk allokering af samfundsressourccrne«,
A. whereas the stated objective of the EU's competition policy is 'to ensure that markets acquire ormaintain the flexibility they need to allow scope for initiative and innovation and to allow an effective anddynamic allocation of society's resources',