natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Til trods for disse bekymringer sagde de adspurgte, at deres husholdnings Økonomi ikke var blevet særlig påvirket af disse problemer, og en tredjedel (32%) mente, at deres økonomiske situation i løbet af kort tid ville blive forbedret (Diagram 1.2, tabel 25).
Despite these worries, people said their household finances had not been affected much by these problems and a third (32%) felt their financial position would improve shortly (Figure 1.2, Tables 25).
Ifølge prognoserne vil de fleste EF-1 ande sandsynligvis komme til at opleve en økonomisk afmatning i 1991. Både Eurostat og OECD forventer, at væksten i BNI/BNP i faste priser for EF som helhed vil falde fra 2,9% i 1990 til 2,2% i 1991:
Forecasts show that most EC countries will probably experience an economic slowdown in 1991.
Eurobarometers standardundersøgelse nr. 34 viste, at briterne havde det vanskeligst sidste år.
The standard Eurobarometer survey N" 34 showed the British having the greatest difficulties last year.
Mere end 7 ud af 10 (71%) mente, at deres generelle økonomiske situation var blevet forværret, men der var forskellige opfattelser med hensyn til, hvad der ville ske i 1991 (36% "bedre" mod 36% "værre").
More than seven out of ten (71%) believed their general economic situation had deteriorated, although opinion was divided as to what would happen in 1991 (36% "better" versus 36% "worse").
Selv om halvdelen (47%) udtalte, at deres husstands indtægt var blevet forringet i de forløbne 12 måneder, forventede de fleste (73%), at deres disponible indkomst ville være uændret eller ville stige i den umiddelbare fremtid.
Although half (47%) said their household income had declined over the past twelve months, most (73%) said they expected the amount of money in their pockets to stay the same or increase in the immediate future.
Også grækerne oplevede problemer.
The Greeks also experienced problems.
Over halvdelen fandt, at landets økonomi (58%) og husholdningernes økonomi (52%) var blevet forværret, og der var usikkerhed med hensyn til, om situationen ville blive bedre (for begge forholds vedkommende svarede en tredjedel "bedre" og en tredjedel "værre").
Over half felt that their economy (58%) and household finances (52%) had got worse and uncertainty reigned as to whether the situation would improve (a third "better" versus a third "worse" for both).
Også de fleste italienere (59%) og franskmænd (53%) fandt, at deres lands økonomi var blevet værre, og franskmændene var de mest pessimistiske med hensyn deres lands økonomi i den umiddelbare fremtid (41% "værre" mod 19% "bedre").
Most Italians (59%) and French (53%) also reckoned their economies had been hammered, the French showing the greatest pessimism about their country's economy for the immediate future (41% "worse" versus 19% "better").
Italienerne forventede, at deres husholdningers økonomi ville være uændret (50%) eller endog blive bedre (34%) i de kommende 12 måneder, trods deres forventninger om ringe økonomiske resultater for landet som sådan (26% "bedre" mod 36% "værre").
Italians felt their household finances would stay the same (50%) or even improve (34%) over the next twelve months, despite predicting a lacklustre economic performance (26% "better" versus 36% "worse").
Portugiserne, irerne og tyskerne følte generelt, at deres lands økonomi var blevet bedre og fortsat ville blive det.
The Portuguese, Irish and Germans felt on balance that their country's economy had improved and would continue to improve.
Østtyskerne var de mest optimistiske og mente, at selv om landets økonomiske situation var blevet værre (55%), kunne de forvente et finansielt opsving i det kommende år, efterhånden som landets økonomi blev bedre (67%) og husstandenes velstand voksede (56%).
East Germans were the most optimistic feeling that, despite their economic situation being worse (55%), there would be a financial boom in store for them next year as their economy improved (67%) and their household wealth advanced (56%).
Som vi senere skal se, hænger østtyskernes store forventninger til fremtiden utvivlsomt sammen med, at de fornylig er blevet forenet med Vesttyskland og derved automatisk optaget i EF. Nylige økonomiske analyser er imidlertid langt mere skeptiske med hensyn til Østtysklands økonomiske udsigter i den umiddelbare fremt id.
As we shall see, East Germans have high expectations caused, no doubt, by their recent unification with West Germany and their consequent automatic entry into the EC.
Taget under et udtrykte mere end 4 ud af 5 (81%) EF-borgere tilfredshed med deres tilværelse, hvilket er nogenlunde det samme som seks måneder tidligere (83%).
All things being considered, more than four out of five (81%) EC citizens expressed satisfaction with the life they lead, about the same as six months ago (83%).
Folk i den nordlige halvdel af Fællesskabet, især danskere, luxembourgere (begge 95%) og hollændere (93%), var de mest tilfredse.
People living in the northern half of the Community, particularly Danes, Luxembourgers (both 95%) and Dutch (93%) were the happiest.
Grækerne var de meste pessimistiske, men alligevel var der langt flere tilfredse end utilfredse (63% mod 37%) (Diagram 1.3, tabel 6).
The Greeks were the most prone to pessimism - nevertheless, many more (63% versus 37%) were still happy rather than unhappy (Figure 1.3, Table 6).
Tyskerne var dem, der var mest tilfredse med den demokratiske udvikling i deres land (74%).
The Germans were the most pleased about their country's democratic process (74%).
Mens østtyskerne stod delt med hensyn til, hvor godt deres demokrati havde været før foreningen (49% "tilfredse" mod 47% "utilfredse"), var to tredjedele (67%) af dem tilfredse med det vesttyske demokrati.
While East Germans were divided (49% "satisfied" versus 47% "dissatisfied") about how successful their democracy had been before unification, two-thirds (67%) of them felt satisfied about West German democracy.
Derfor forventede hele 78% af østtyskerne og 72% af vesttyskerne, at det forenede Tysklands demokrati vil fungere godt (Tabel 7).
This is why an overwhelming 78% of East Germans and 72% of West Germans felt their newly-united Germany's democracy would work well (Table 7).
Efter tyskerne var luxembourgerne (72%), portugiserne (71%) og danskerne (70%) dem, der var mest tilfredse med deres demokrati (Diagram 1.4, tabel 8).
After the Germans, Luxembourgers (72%), Portuguese (71%) and Danes (70%) were the happiest with their democracy (Figure 1.4, Table 8).
EF-borgerne så som helhed imidlertid meget forskelligt på dette forhold (52% mod 43%), da de fleste franskmænd (51%), grækere (53%) og ¡sær italienere (76%) var utilfredse med den måde, deres demokrati fungerede pá.
However, EC citizens were very much divided (52% versus 43%) on the issue, with a majority of French (51%), Greeks (53%) and especially Italians (76%) being unhappy with the way their democracy worked.
Mens antallet af grækere, der gav udtryk for megen utilfredshed, blev halveret (fra 38% til 19%) i løbet af de forudgående seks måneder (måske pá grund af den "fredningsperiode", man tilstår en ny regering), så gik tilfredsheden med de demokratiske tilstande kraftigt tilbage blandt belgiere (fra 66% til 56%), franskmænd (fra 52% til 42%) og italienere (fra 29% helt ned til 22%).
Although the number of Greeks expressing extreme dissatisfaction halved (from 38% to 19%) over the past six months (perhaps because of the'honeymoon period' of a new Government), overall satisfaction with democracy fell significantly among Belgians (66% to 56%), French (52% to 42%) and Italians (29% to only 22%).
Italienernes dybe utilfredshed med de demokratiske tilstande i deres land kan måske delvis forklare, hvorfor de, som vi skal se, generelt har så store forventninger til EF.
The extreme dissatisfaction of Italians with their own democracy may be, in part, a plausible explanation why, as we shall see, they have generally such high hopes for the Community.
Folk i EF var usikre med hensyn til, om antallet af strejker og andre konflikter pá arbejdsmarkedet2i deres respektive lande ville stige (42%) eller være uændret (38%) i 1991 i forhold til 1990. Kun 9% udtalte, at antallet ville gå ned (Tabel 9).
People in the Community were uncertain whether the number of strikes and industrial disputes2 in their country would increase (42%) or stay the same (38%) in 1991 compared to 1990.
De fleste franskmænd (53%) og italienere (51%) forventede flere konflikter pá arbejdsmarkedet, og kun i Luxembourg (fra 24% til 22%) og Det Forenede Kongerige (fra 47% til 24%) var folk mindre bekymrede over sandsynligheden for arbejdskonflikter end et år tidligere.
Most French (53%) and Italians (51%) felt there would be more industrial trouble, while only in Luxembourg (24% to 22%) and the United Kingdom (47% to 24%) were people less worried about these problems happening compared to a year ago.
I månederne forud for oktober 1990 var der i EF sket meget, der kunne anspore til forening af Europa (se især kapitel 2).
A great deal had happened within the Community during the months before October 1990 to spur the cause of unification in Europe (see Chapter 2 in particular).
Dette kan have påvirket folks opfattelse af, hvor hurtigt der for øjeblikket gøres fremskridt henlmod en forening, og af, hvor hurtigt de kunne ønske sig, at der blev gjort fremskridt (Diagram 1.5, tabel 10).
This might have affected how people view current progress towards unification as well as the speed at which they would like to see progress made (Figure 1.5, Table 10).
Da man i 1986 og 1987 begyndte at stille spørgsmål om disse forhold, mente folk i EF, at fremskridtene skete i skridtgang, men at Europa burde bevæge sig hurtigere ­ nærmest i løb ­ henimod forening.
When the question on this subject was first asked in 1986 and 1987, people within the Community felt that progress was being made at a walking pace but that Europe should be hurrying faster -indeed almost running - towards unity.
Fra 1986 til 1987 var der en stigning i antallet af personer, der mente, at der skete fremskridt, og samtidigt var der et beskedent fald i antallet af personer, der ønskede en hurtigere udvikling, måske fordi folk på det tidspunkt begyndte at fá øjnene op for bestræbelserne på at virkeliggøre det indre marked.
Between 1986 and 1987, there was an increase in perceived progress combined with a slight decrease in the desired speed for change, perhaps because the Single European Market started to capture people's imagination around that time.
I 1990 var der flere EF­borgere, der mente, at EF bevægede sig hurtigt henimod en forening, end der var i 1986 og 1987.
In 1990, EC citizens believed that the Community was moving more quickly towards unification than in 1986 and 1987.
Antallet af personer, der mente, at udviklingen foregik med middel eller stor fart (figur 4­7 på "Dynamometeret"), steg fra 39% i 1987 til 57% i 1990.
The number of people saying it was going at a medium or fast speed (codes 47 on the "Dynamometer") increased from 39% in 1987 to 57% in 1990.
Størst tilbøjelighed til at mene, at udviklingen foregik med middel eller stor fart, fandt man hos danskerne (66%), irerne og briterne (begge 63%).
Those most likely to say progress was being made at medium or fast pace were the Danes (66%), Irish and British (both 63%).
Tallene for sandsynligheden af strejker og andre konflikter på arbejdsmarkedet i 1991 er fra EOS Gal I lup Europe "End of Year"­undersøge I se, der blev gennemført i de tolv EF­lande. Der blev interviewet 1000 personer i hvert land undtagen i Luxembourg (350), Irland (1400) og Spanien (2000).
Results for likelihood of strikes and industrial disputes in 1991 are froa the EOS Gallup Europe "End of Year" poll conducted in the 12 water states of the Coanunity.
EF-borgere i alle lande syntes, at der var sket en forbedring, bortset fra hollænderne (44%) og briterne (43%), der i det store og hele fandt tingene uændret (Diagram 1.6, tabel 11).
EC citizens in all countries felt that there had been an improvement except for the Dutch (44%) and British (43%), who felt on balance that things were not much different than before (Figure 1.6, Table 11 ).
Næsten halvdelen af EF-borgerne (47%) gav udtryk for at være Interesseret i europæisk politik (Tabel 12).
Almost half of EC citizens (47%) mentioned being interested in European politics (Table 12).
Umiddelbart efter valgene til Europa-Parlamentet i 1989 havde 54% givet udtryk for denne Interesse, men i foråret 1990 var tallet faldet til 46%.
Just after the 1989 European Parliamentary elections, 54% had expressed interest in the subject, but this had fallen to 46% by Spring 1990.
Generelt var der lidt større interesse for europæisk politik end for politik i al almindelighed (44%), men de fleste EF-borgere udtalte stadig, at de ikke var interesseret i nogen af delene (henholdsvis 51% og 55%) (Tabel 13).
Overall, there was marginally more interest in European politics than in politics in general (44%), although most EC citizens still said they were not interested in either (51% and 55% respectively) (Table 13).
Interessen for begge emner var størst hos tre nationaliteter - danskerne (henholdsvis 64% og 60%), tyskerne (57% og 54%) og grækerne (54% og 59%). Interessen var mindst hos portugiserene (17% og 25%).
Both subjects held the greatest fascination for the same three nationalities - Danes (64% and 60% respectively), Germans (57% and 54%) and Greeks (54% and 59%).
Otte ud af ti EF-borgere (83%) udtalte, at EF-spørgsmal var vigtige for deres lands og befolknings fremtid, især danskerne (89%), italienerne (88%), grækerne og briterne (begge
Eight out of ten EC citizens (83%) said that European Community matters were important for the future of their country and people, especially the Danes (89%), Italians (88%), Greeks and British (both 84%) (Figure 1.7, Table 14).
Lidt over halvdelen af EF-borgerne (53%) mente, at EF og dets fremtidige udvikling ville fá en positiv indflydelse på deres tilværelse, en tiendedel (11%), at det ville fá en negativ indflydelse, mens en fjerdedel (23%) mente, at det ikke ville betyde nogen forskel for dem (Tabel 15).
Just over half of EC citizens (53%) felt the Community and its future development would influence their lives positively, one tenth (11%) negatively while a quarter (23%) thought it would make no difference to them (Table 15).
Flertallet i de mindst velstående EF-lande, Grækenland (62%), Portugal og Irland (begge 60%), mente, at EF ville få en meget positiv indflydelse.
Most people from the least wealthy countries of the Community - Greece (62%), Portugal and Ireland (both 60%) - felt that the Community would have a major beneficial impact.
Også 50% af briterne udtalte, at det ville fá en positiv indflydelse pá deres tilværelse.
58% of Britons also said it would be a positive influence on their lives.
Generelt forekom forventningerne t i I en positiv indflydelse i alle lande mindst dobbelt så hyppigt som forventningerne til en negativ indflydelse.
Overall, positive attitudes outnumbered negative attitudes by at least two-to-one in all countries.
1.3 BORGERNES OPBAKNING AF EF
1.3 PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
Eurobarometeret måler fire vigtige forhold med henblik pá en analyse af langtidstensdenserne i borgernes opbakning bag EF: Støtten til bestræbelserne på at forene Vesteuropa (målt med mellemrum siden 1962), støtte til medlemskabet af EF (siden 1973), en vurdering af det enkelte lands fordele ved medlemskabet af EF (siden 1983), samt om folk ville være meget kede af det, hvis EF blev opløst (målt med mellemrum siden 1973).
The Eurobarometer uses four major measures to analyse long-term trends in public support for the Community - support for efforts being made to unify Western Europe (tracked intermittently since 1962); support for Community membership (since 1973); an evaluation of the benefits of Community membership for each country (since 1983), and whether people would be very sorry if the EC was dissolved (intermittently since 1973).
Eurobarometerets standardsundersøgelse nr. 34 viste følgende hovedresultater af disse målinger (Diagram 1.8, 1.9, 1.9 a, tabel 16­19):
The key results for these measures for standard Eurobarometer survey N" 34 are as follow (Figure 1.8, 1.9, 1.9a, Tables 16-19):
*Mere end fire ud af fem EF­borgere (81%) gik Ind for bestræbelserne for at forene Vesteuropa, mens 9% var imod.
* More than four out of five (81%) EC citizens were in favour of efforts being made to unify Western Europe, with 9% against.
Italienerne (87%) og spanierne (84%) var de mest positive.
The Italians (87%) and Spanish (84%) were the most in favour.
♦Borgerne går mere end nogensinde før ind for EF­medlemskab.
* Public support for Community membership has reached an all-time high.
69% af EF­borgerne sagde, at deres lands medlemskab af EF var "en god ting", mens kun 7% mente, at det var "en dårlig ting".
69% of EC citizens said their country's membership of the Community was a "good thing", while only 7% thought it was a "bad thing".
I ingen af EF­landene var støtten til medlemskabet gået ned, siden spørgsmålet sidst blev stillet i foråret 1990.
Public support for membership had not dropped in any EC member state since the question was last asked in Spring 1990.
I begyndelsen af 1980'erne var andelen af positive svar 50%.
At the beginning of the 1980's, the positive score had been 50%.
Denne gang var støtten mest udtalt blandt hollændere (82%) og ¡tallenere (77%) (Diagram 1.10, side 14).
This time, support was highest among the Dutch (82%) and Italians (77%) (Figure 1.10, page 14).
*Tre ud af fem (59%) sagde, at deres land havde haft fordel af EF­medIemskabet, hvilket er to og en halv gang flere end dem, der mente, at der ikke var nogen fordel (23%).
* Three out of five (59%) said their country had benefited from the Community, two and a half times more than those who said it had not (23%).
Irerne (84%) og grækerne (78%) var dem, der hyppigst fandt, at medlemskabet var en fordel for deres land.
The Irish (84%) and Greeks (78%) felt their country had benefited the most.
»Halvdelen af EF­borgerne (49%) sagde, at de ville blive meget kede af det, hvis de i morgen fik at vide, at EF var blevet opløst, en tredjedel (34%) ville være ligeglad, mens nogle fá (6%) sagde, at de ville blive meget lettede.
* Half the Community's citizens (49%) said they would be very sorry if they were told tomorrow that the Community was scrapped, a third (34%) would be indifferent, while very few (6%) said they would be very relieved.
Italienerne (62%) og luxembourgerne
The Italians (62%) and Luxembourgers (61%) said they would have been the most sorry.
EF­borgerne har aldrig vurderet de nævnte fire forhold mere positivt, undtagen ved målingen af "beklagelse af en eventuel opløsning" i 1975 (50%), da Det Forenede Kongerige afholdt folkeafstemning om medlemskabet af EF.
In the eyes of EC citizens, the Community has never stood higher on all four measures, except on the "regret dissolution" measure in 1975 (50%) when the UK held its referendum on EC membership.
Italienerne var de mest EF­begeJstrede, selv om der i visse andre medlemsstater var endnu flere, der syntes, at deres respektive lande havde haft fordel af medlemskabet.
The Italians were the greatest Europhiles, despite the fact that they felt their country had not benefited as much as some others from EC membership.
Briterne havde det laveste antal positive svar pá tre af de fire spørgsmål (og det næstlaveste antal om "forening"), selv om et klart flertal af briterne støttede vesteuropæisk forening og EF­medlemskab.
The British came last three out of four times (and second from last on "unification") - notwithstanding a clear majority backed West European unification and Community membership.
Der var størst tilslutning til EF-medlemskabet blandt dem, der var bedre uddannet, mere velstående og yngre end gennemsnittet (Diagram 1.11, tabel 20).
People who tended to be the most in favour of Community membership were better educated, wealthier and younger than average (Figure 1.11, Table 20).
Der var kraftig tilslutning blandt opinionsledere og studerende.
Opinion-leaders and students gave strong backing.
Personer med ikke-manuelt arbejde - især erhvervsledere og personer I liberale erhverv - var de mest positive erhvervskategorier3.
White collar workers - especially general managers and professionals - were the most supportive of the socio-professional groups3
Den samme tendens går i det store og hele igen i svarene pá de tre andre spørgsmål.
The same line-up was broadly true for the other three measures.
En positiv holdning var især mærkbar blandt følgende-.
Positive results were particularly noticeable among the following :
•Portugiserne var undersøgelsens topscorere, da der her var tale om en kraftigt stigende støtte i svarene pá alle fire spørgsmål.
* The Portuguese were the star performers, increasing their support on all four measures significantly.
Støtten til "forening" og "medlemskab" gik op med syv point (fra henholdsvis 76% til 83% og 62% til 69%).
Support for "unification" and "membership" went up seven points (76% to 83% and 62% to 69% respectively).
Der var en stigning på 5% i svarene på spørgsmålene om "fordele" og "beklagelse af EF's eventuelle opløsning" (fra henholdsvis 69% til 74% og 39% til 44%).
Increases of five points were also recorded on the "benefits" and "regret dissolution" measures (69% to 74% and 39% to 44% respectively).
En beslutning fra Fællesskabets side om at yde 130 mio. ECU i regionaludviklingsstøtte til finansiering af indførelsen af naturgas i Portugal kan være en af forklaringerne på denne kraftige stigning.
A decision by the Community to provide 130m ECU in regional aid to finance the introduction of natural gas to Portugal may be one of the reasons for this substantial improvement.
*l Danmark registreredes den største fortsatte stigning i noget land i støtten til EF-medlemskabet (fra 42% for et år siden til 49% i foråret og 58% i efteråret), hvilket er langt over det tidligere maksimum pá 51% i 1986, da Danmark afholdte en folkeafstemning om den europæiske fællesakt.
* The Danes registered the highest continuous rise of any country in support for EC membership (from 42% a year ago to 49% in the Spring and 58% in the Autumn), easily passing the previous peak of 51% at the time of the Danish referendum on the Single European Act in 1986.
De positive svar pá spørgsmålet om "fordele" gik også kraftigt i vejret (fra 53% for et år siden til 58% i foråret 1990 og 64% i efteråret), hvorimod de positive svar pá de to andre spørgsmål kun steg en smule.
The "benefits" measure improved substantially as well (53% a year ago to 58% in Spring 1990 and 64% in the Autumn), while the other two measures also went up marginally.
En nylig dansk AIM-meningsmâling, der er gennemført uafhængigt af Eurobarometer, bekræfter også, at 58% af danskerne nu finder, at medlemskabet er "en god ting".
A recent Danish AIM Research poll conducted independently of the Eurobarometer also confirmed that 58% of Danes were now saying that membership was a "good thing".
Tysklands forening og udsigten til, at andre nordiske lande tilslutter sig Fællesskabet, kan have bidraget til denne ændring, og for nylig opfordrede den danske regering til, at EF får større indflydelse på miljøspørgsmål og sociale spørgsmål.
German unification and the prospect of other Nordic states joining the Community may have contributed to this change - recently the Danish Government called for the EC to be given more say over the environment and social issues.
•Vesttyskerne øgede deres opbakning til EF-medI omskabet fra 62% til 69%, og dette tal stiger til 73%, hvis østtyskerne medregnes.
* West Germans increased their support for EC membership from 62% to 69%, a figure rising to 73% if East Germans are included.
De 17 millioner østtyskeres meget kraftige støtte gav dem stor indflydelse pá resultatet, i og med at de øgede andelen af positive svar pá Fællesskabet som helhed med et procentpoint for hvert enkelt spørgsmål og med næsten 5 point for Tyskland som helhed.
The strength of their support gave the 17 million East Germans a considerable influence, increasing the overall positive result for the Community as a whole by one percentage point for each measure and for Germany as a whole by up to five points.