natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Parallelt med de skridt, der er taget med henblik på at lede studenternes studievalg ind på områder, som regeringerne anser for afgørende for en fortsat økonomisk fremgang, er der truffet forskellige foranstaltninger for at forbedre forskningssystemets levedygtighed.
In Britain, the Green Paper, whilst emphasising the importance of the research function reflects very clearly the problems posed by scarce resources. Amongst other suggestions, the government has proposed that certain areas should not undertake research at all and should, in future, rely on 'scholarship' rather than 'research'.
Det grund læggende problem i denne forbindelse har 3 aspekter: for
It remains a moot point whether such areas will be able in
På baggrung af dette løftede Fællesskabet på Ministerrådets samling i Luxembourg i juni 1985 sløret for sine forslag til Fællesskabets handlingsprogram for uddannelse i teknologi.
In February 1985. the Parliament backed the proposal from the Minister of Education and Science to set up a series of commissions of inspection for both university and non university sectors.
Selv om det ikke specielt er udarbejdet med forskningsdimensionen for øje, går programmets målsætning i samme retning, nemlig en styrkelse af forbindelserne mellem universiteterne og industrien, blandt andet gennem studerendes praktikophold i virksomheder i andre medlemsstater og også gennem udveksling af informationer mellem højere uddannelsesinstitutioner vedrørende deres erfaringer på dette område.
And, more specifically in the area of course content, specialised committees linking higher education and society will have the responsibility of making public evaluations on their suitability and progress.
En tilsvarende styrkelse af "kvalitetsvurderingen" kan observeres i Spanien. Ved en kongelig forordning, vedtaget i maj 1985, fastsættes det, at der på hvert universitet skal nedsættes en specialkommission med mandat til at overvåge forskningsresultater og de enkeltes undervisningsfærdighed.
central administration will not, in the future, link financial allocation to the reports coming from this body, more especially since the emphasis in current French higher education policy is to develop a greater sense of competition between individual universities.
De kan få pålagt ud fra forskellige kriterier at evaluere "produktiviteten" i enkelte afdelinger.
A similar reinforcement of 'quality evaluation' is detectable in Spain.
Man kan også bede dem udarbejde "statusopgørelser for institutionen", således at et givet institut får mulighed for at "finjustere" sin reaktion eller til at sammenligne sin aktivitet med andres.
A Royal decree, passed in May 1985, made provision for the setting up in each university of a special commission with the remit of assessing there search output and teaching quality of individuals.
De samme informationer kan endvidere anvendes ved uddeling af tillægsbevillinger - kvalitetsbaseret finansiering - til dem, der udviser særlige initiativer, der går i retning af regeringens politik.
These commissions, to be set up by the Rector of each university, will report to central authority.
I Frankrig er tendensen til, at man drages til ansvar over for det offentlige, ligeledes udtalt.
In France, the thrust towards public accountability is equally pronounced.
I maj 1985 nedsatte man det nationale udvalg til evaluering af de højere uddannelser (Comité National pour l'Evaluation de l'enseignement supérieur) et 15-mand stort udvalg, der skal gøre status over de højere uddannelsers aktiviteter hvert fjerde år, for den franske præsident.
May 1985 saw the establishment of the National Higher Education Review Committee (Comité National pour l'Evaluation de l'Enseignement Supérieur), a 15 man committee whose remit is to present a balance sheet on the performance of higher education once every four years to, the President of the Republic.
Det får til opgave at gennemgå alle tre niveauer (cycles) inden for de højere uddannelser, videreuddannelse, personalerekruttering og forbindelserne mellem universiteterne og industrien.
It will have responsibilities to examine all three 'cycles' of higher education, continuation education, the recruitment of personnel and industry-university links.
På trods af - måske vil nogle sige på grund af -ressourceknapheden forventes det, at de højere uddannelser foretager ganske betydelige ændringer for at lede studenterne ind i fagområder, som man mener er relevante for ændringerne i industrien og samtidig for at bevise, at den gør det på en så effektiv og så "cost-benefit-orienteret" måde som muligt.
Despite - some might say, because of - resource scarity, higher education is being asked to undertake considerable changes - to 'switch' students into subject areas thought relevant to industrial change and, at the same time, to prove that it is doing so in a manner as effective and as 'cost beneficial' as possible.
Om dette blot kommer som en kortsigtet forandring og ikke som en velovervejet gennemførelse af en langsigtet strategi, afhænger af den enkeltes synsvinkel. Vore prioriteringer i dag vil udelukke visse valgmuligheder i morgen.
Whether this comes simply as a short term change rather than the deliberate putting in place of a long term strategy, is a matter of personal perspective.
Det er et spørgsmål, om de valg, vi træffer nu, vil føre til et økonomisk opsving på et senere tidspunkt.
It remains to be seen whether our foreclosures now will bring about economic recovery later.
En kommenteret liste over erklæringer og initiativer med hensyn til samarbejdet inden for den højere uddannelse i Fællesskabet
An annotated listing of European Community Higher Education statements and initiatives
Resolution af Rådet og undervisningsministrene, for­samlet i Rådet, af 9. februar 1976, vedrørende et hand­lingsprogram på uddannelsesområdet.
Resolution of the Council and of the Ministers of Education meeting within the Council of 9 February 1976 comprising an action programme in the field of education
­ "udarbejdelse af forslag med henblik på fjernelse af hindringer for bevægeligheden for studerende, lærere og forskere på universitetsniveau."
- 'the arrangement of a discussion involving representatives of higher education institutions on the question of developing a common policy on the admission of students from other Member States to higher education institutions'.
I 1980 vedtog undervisningsministrene, forsamlet Rådet, i princippet, at "studerende fra andre medlems­stater skal have adgang til højere læreanstalter i værtslan­det på betingelser, der ikke er mindre fordelagtige end dem, der gælder for værtslandets egne studerende."
1978 Bonn Conference on Student Admissions. Council 1980.
Foreslået aktion: (med kursiv henvises til de hidtil opnåede resultater)
Action proposed: (in italics reference is made to the achievements made so far)
Stk. 16 For at forbedre mulighederne for anerkendelse af eksa­mensbeviser, studieperioder samt resultater iværksættes følgende aktioner på fællesskabsplan:
Para 13 - 'the encouragement of the development of links with and between organizations representing higher education institutions'. The creation of a Liaison Committee of Rectors Conferences in the Member States of the European Com munities.
Stk. 13 ­ "styrkelse af forbindelserne til og mellem de organisa­tioner, der repræsenterer universiteter og højere læreanstalter"; Oprettelse af en forbindelseskomité af rektorer i Fælles­skabets medlemsstater.
- 'the drawing up of a report in order to establish whether and to what extent the national schemes for scholarships, studentships and research and teaching fellowships, should be extended to increase mobility in the Community and where appropriate, the submission of suitable proposals'.
­ "tilskyndelse til kortere studieophold med særlige for­mål for lærere, administrativt personale og forskere"; Ordningen for korte studieophold startede i 1977.
- 'the encouragement of short study visits for specific purposes for teaching and administrative staff and for researches'. The Short Study Visit Scheme (SSV) was launched in 1977.
Siden ordningens start for otte år siden er der ydet 814 legater til et samlet beløb af 1.085.282 regningsenheder.
In the first eight years of its operation 814 grants have been awarded, amounting to 1,085,282 Units of Account.
­ "indførelse af konsultationer mellem de politisk ansvar­lige og samarbejde mellem læreanstalterne med henblik på anerkendelse af studieperioder samt resultater."
- 'the promotion of joint programmes of study or research between institutions in several Member States' The Joint Study Programme Scheme (JSP) since its inception in 1976 granted awards to 494 programmes, amounting to 3,346,000 Units of Account.
Se Kommissionens meddelelse til Rådet af 29. april 1981, på basis af hvilken Rådet og undervisnigsministrene på samlingen den 2. juni 1983 vedtog oprettelsen af et net af nationale informationscentre og akademisk anerken­delse af eksamensbeviser og studieperioder.
For 1984 a total of 1.2 M ECU were allocated to 193 joint study programmes and for 123 Preparatory visits launched in 1983 to enable teaching staff and personnel in higher education to visit institutions in other Member States in order to find appropriate partner institutions and to construct the basis for their student and staff exchange programmes, or to prepare joint course programmes.
­ "fremme af udviklingen af fælles studie­ og forsknings­programmer for læreanstalter i flere medlemsstater".
Para 16 To increase the possibilities for the academic recognition of diplomas and study periods and studies carried out, the following action will be undertaken at Com munity level:
Ordningen for fælles studieprogrammer (FSP) har givet tilskud til 494programmer til et samlet beløb af 3.346.000 regningsenheder.
Para 14 In order to promote the free movement and mobility of teaching staff, students and researchers, the following
I 1984 blev der tildelt ialt 1.2 mio. ECU til 193 fælles studieprogrammer, og i 1983 igangsat­tes 123 forberedende besøg, der skal sætte undervisnings­og andet personale inden for den højere uddannelse i stand til at aflægge besøg på institutioner i andre medlemsstater for at finde egnede partnerinstitutioner og lægge grunden til deres udvekslingsprogrammer for stu­derende og ansatte, eller for at forberede fælles kursus­programmer.
Para D/17-18 - 'No tuition fees will be payable for two terms by stu dents from other Member States registrered for part courses insofar as home students are exempt from payment of such fees' the situation and, if necessary, for the development of a network of agreements' Cox, E.H. (1979) Academic Recognition of Diplomas in the European Community. Present State and Prospects, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Stk. 14 For at fremme den frie bevægelighed og mobilitet for lærere, studerende og forskere iværksættes følgende foranstaltninger på fællesskabsplan:
Reference is to be made to the ruling (293/83) of the Court of Justice of the European Communities regarding differential tuition fees and the epoch making verdict of the same court on 13 February 1985 in the Gravier case underlining that registration fees or similar fees for nationals may not be differential to national of other Member States of the Community.
Stk. 11 For at gøre det muligt for Fællesskabet at yde sit særlige bidrag til et forøget gensidigt kendskab til undervis­ningssystemerne undersøges det på fællesskabsplan, hvorledes de foreliggende informationer bedst kan for­midles til Fællesskabets statsborgere.
- 'the organization of consultations between those responsible for education policy and cooperation between higher education institutions to facilitate the recognition of periods of study and studies carried out' See the Commission's Communication to the Council of 29 April 1981, based on which the Council and Ministers of Education decided at their meeting on 2 June 1983 to establish a network of national information centres and on Academic Recognition of diplomas and of periods of study.
Der vil blive udar­bejdet informationshåndbøger for studerende.
Para D/20-22 'Language requirements' Para D/20-22 - 'To enable students, where necessary, to improve their language proficiency in the host country before com mencing their course, an analysis will be made at the Community level of the provision for incoming students of facilities in all Member States for intensive study of the language of the host country, and the need for improved facilities'
I 1977 udgav Kommissionen en Studenterhåndbog (Luxembourg, Kontoret for officielle publikationer), som er blevet vidt udbredt på de højere læreanstalter og er udkommet i 4 oplag; i 1984 udkom første udgave af en vejledning for højere læreanstalter i Det europæiske Fællesskab (Luxembourg, Kontoret for officielle publi­kationer).
Para 11 'In order to enable the Community to make its specific contribution towards promoting better understanding of educational systems, a study will be made at Com munity level of the best way of bringing existing information to the attention of the citizens of the Community information handbooks for pupils and students' The Commission produced in 1977 a Student Handbook (Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications), which has been widely distributed among higher education institutions and has reached its fourth edition, and in 1984 published the first edition of a Directory of Higher Education Institutions in the European Community (Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications).
­ "afholdelse af en drøftelse med ansvarlige for den højere uddannelse om den endelige udformning af en fælles holdning med hensyn til adgangen for studerende fra andre medlemsstater til den højere uddannelse"; 1978 ­ Bonn­konferencen om studerendes optagelse, Rådet 1980 (EDUC 30).
Para D/23-24 'Administrative Procedures' Para D/23-23 - 'Discussions will be organized at Community level with representatives of the competent authorities in each Member State and of institutions of higher education with a view to drawing up a common list of the basic informa tion and documentation required from all applicants from other Member States'
Generel rapport fra Uddannelsesudvalget, der i det væsentlige er vedtaget af Rådet og undervisningsminis­trene, forsamlet i Rådet, på samlingen den 27. juni 1980.
General Report of the Education Committee agreed to in substance by the Council and the Ministers of Educations meeting within the Council at their session of 27 June 1980.
Foreslåede aktioner: Ad stk. 14, handlingsprogram på uddannelsesområdet "Adgang til universiter og højere læreanstalter for stude­rende fra andre medlemsstater" blev der fremsat følgende relevante forslag:
'A Directory of Higher Education Institutions was published in November 1984, containing basic data on all the 3,500 institutions of higher education officially recognised by educational authorities in the ten Member States'
Stk. D/10­13 "Talmæssig adgangsbegrænsning"
The competent authority or institution of origin will determine the condition under which it grants such recognition' tion'
­ "udarbejdelse af en rapport for at fastslå, om og i hvilket omfang de nationale stipendieordninger for stu­derende, kandidater, forskere og lærere bør suppleres for at fremme bevægeligheden inden for Fællesskabet, og eventuelt fremsættelse af egnede forslag"; OCE fik til opgave at gennemføre en undersøgelse af tidsrummet 1979­1982, med titlen "Økonomisk støtte til studerende med henblik på studier i en anden medlems­stat i De europæiske Fællesskaber", VICI2 marts 1983.
Para D/25-26 'Information and Consultation' Para D/25-25 - 'As a basis for review of the scale and evolution of student mobility between Member States and of the effect of policies of numerical militation on such mobility, information will be compiled at Community level and regularly communicated to the Member States' A first attempt to review the scale and evolution of student mobility between Member States based on available national statistics was undertaken in the framework of the Fontainebleau Summit meeting of June 1984 to back up the first report of the Adonnino Committee on 'Citizen's Europe' with the assistance of Eurydice, the Education Information Network in the European Com munity. However, interpretation of the data proved to be difficult due to lack of standardisation of the statistics even as far as year is concerned.
Se også: Fællesskabets handlingsprogram på uddannel­sesområdet: en EF­stipendieordning for studerende ­Meddelelse fra Kommissionen til Rådet, KOM(78) 469 endelig udg., 22 september 1978.
(See "A People's Europe. Implementing the conclusions of the Fontainebleau European Council", Communication from the Commission to the Council, (COM (84) 446, final, 24 September 1984)
13 ­ "På fællesskabsplan skal der i forståelse med de kompe­
Para D/17-19 'Financial Aspects' Para D/17-17 - 'Where tuition fees are payable in a Member State those for students from other Community countries will not be higher than those applicable to home students...'
I november 1984 holdt Kommissionen samråd med eksperter på studievejledningsområdet fra alle medlemsstaterne. terne.
Para D/25-26 - 'The Education Committee proposes that developments in Member States' policies be reviewed at regular intervals on the basis of information provided by the Member States and the Commission'
tente myndigheder i hver medlemsstat og repræsentanter for den højere uddannelse fremsættes forslag med henblik på at lette og øge muligheden for inden for Fællesskabet at anerkende studieperioder i udlandet."
Eurydice in January 1983 presented a special issue of its Bulletin dealing with 'Current Developments in the Greek System of Education' with a paragraph dealing with Higher Education.
16 - "For studerende, der kun ønsker at følge "delkurser", skal hovedvægten lægges på, at den kompetente myndighed eller den højere læreanstalt i den pågældendes hjemland anerkender studieopholdet i udlandet som en del af den studerendes uddannelse, der fører til en akademisk grad fra den højere læreanstalt i hjemlandet.
The Office for Cooperation in Education is providing annual ad ministrative and technical evaluation reports on the operation of the schemes it is administring on behalf of the Commission.
Den kompetente myndighed eller læreanstalten i hjemlandet fastsætter betingelserne for den pågældende anerkendelse."
Moreover, periodical reports on the Progress of the schemes are provided to the.
Stk. D/17-19 "Økonomiske aspekter"
Education Com mittee.
- "Hvor der i en medlemsstat skal betales studiegebyrer, må gebyrerne for studerende fra andre fællesskabslande ikke være højere end dem, der gælder for landets egne studerende..."
Conclusions of the Council and the Ministers of Education Meeting within the Council of 2 June 1983 concerning the promotion of mobility in higher education. ion.
Opfølgning af konklusionerne fra Det europæiske Råd i Fontainebleau", meddelelse fra Kommissionen til Rådet, KO M (84) 446 endelig udg., 24. september 1984).
European Parliament Resolution on higher education and the development of cooperation between higher education establishments of 13 March 1984.
Foreslåede aktioner:
Since 1984, the heads of the national information centres for academic recognition in the Member States of the European Community have met twice a year, in order to promote cooperation between themselves and to discuss and solve common problems.
- "For at sætte de studerende, der har behov herfor, i stand til at forbedre deres sprogfærdigheder i værtslandet, før de indleder deres studier, foretages på fælles skabsplan en analyse at de foranstaltninger, der i alle medlemsstaterne gør det muligt at gennemføre intensiv undervisning i værtslandets sprog, samt mulige forbedringer af disse foranstaltninger."
Para 15 'Calls for the necessary measures to be taken for the development of exchanges and genuine cooperation at Community level between higher education establish ments' and therefore pleads among others for tenability of grants when studying abroad, the establishment at European level of criteria for the award of grants supplementing national grants and intended to promote exchanges; the harmonization of regulations or legislation on the conditions of admission for students from other Community countries, the conditions for the award of grants, social security cover, the dates for the beginning and end of the academic year; and with regard to teachers and researchers, the general introduction of a sabbatical year and the lateration of regulations to encourage teachers to move within the Com munity.
- "Der skal på fællesskabsplan indsamles oplysninger om den modtagelse og rådgivning, de enkelte medlemsstater kan tilbyde udenlandske studerende, og der skal med regelmæssige mellemrum afholdes møder med repræsentanter for de ansvarlige herfor med henblik på udveksling af erfaringer og identifikation af problemer. "
Para 25 - 'Urges a substantial increase in the appropriations ear marked for joint study programmes; recommends that these programmes are so organised as to encourage the involvement of all the Member States and, more especially, of the peripheral regions of the Community; calls for transparency in the Community budget, to be achieved by inserting a specific line in the relevant chapter' In 1984/85 a special budget line was created of 400.000 ECU to enable students to undertake a period of study abroad.
Stk. 2 "En forbedring af situationen med hensyn til akademisk anerkendelse og mobilitet for de studerende i almindelighed afhænger af en udbygning af informationen på dette område.
- 'An appropriate evaluation and as extensive as possible a dissemination of the experience gained from joint study programmes and short study visits are of great importance...
Med dette formål bør særlig følgende foranstaltninger træffes : - regelmæssig udveksling af oplysninger mellem de af medlemsstaterne udpegede centre for spørgsmål vedrørende akademisk anerkendelse, som med bistand fra Kommissionen og Eurydice-informationsnettet skal sikre, at der - direkte eller gennem andre organisationer - er adgang til pålidelig vejledning og oplysning for studerende, forældre og deres rådgivere og for potentielle arbejdsgivere i Det europæiske Fællesskab."
Moreover fully implementation and further develop ments of steps endorsed by the Education Committee on 17 September 1982 is required such as the organization of information seminars on national or especially subject-related bases, the publication and wide distribution of the joint study programme newsletter - Delta -as well as the production of subject-oriented informa tion packages and other material' Information seminars on the Community's Higher Education Programme have now been organised in 7 Member States.
Siden 1984 har lederne af de nationale informationscentre for spørgsmål vedrørende akademisk anerkendelse i Fælles skabets medlemsstater holdt møde to gange årligt for at styrke det indbyrdes samarbejde og drøfte og løse fælles problemer.
DELTA, the joint study programme newsletter of the Commission is now already for the
Stk. 25 "Fastholder en betydelig forhøjelse af bevillingerne til de fælles studieprogrammer; henstiller, at disse planlægges på en sådan måde, at deltagelse fra alle staterne tilgodeses og navnlig fra Fællesskabets randområder, kræver større overskuelighed i fællesskabsbudgettet gennem opførelse af en særlig budgetpost i det pågældende kapitel."
- In meetings of National information Centres on Academic recognition of Diplomas and of Periods of Study a start has been made with an inventory of equivalent diplomas and qualifications.