natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Domstolen fulgte et veletableret princip, hvorefter den omstændighed, at de erhvervsdrivende — i forbindelse med samhandelen inden for Fællesskabet — påtager sig at dække udgifterne i forbindelse med kontrol og administrative formaliteter, der udføres af toldmyndighederne, kan sidestilles med en afgift med tilsvarende virkning som told.
The Court first of all upheld the established principle that it would constitute a charge having equivalent effect if businesses engaged in intraCommunity trade were obliged to cover the costs of inspections and admin­istrative formalities carried out by customs offices.
Uanset om den pengeydelse, som den erhvervsdrivende skal betale, følger af en ensidig beslutning fra myndighedernes side eller af en række privatretlige aftaler, således som det er tilfældet i den foreliggende sag, må for holdet altid anses for direkte eller indirekte at være en følge af den pågældende
Whether the pecuniary charge was borne by the trader by virtue of a unilateral measure adopted by the authorities or, as in the present case, as a result of a series of private contracts, it still arose di­rectly or indirectly from the failure of the Member State concerned to fulfil its financial obligations under Articles 9 and 12.
') Sag C-391/92, Kommissionen mod Grækenland, og Buil. 6-1995, punkt 1.8.58.
Free movement of workers
IX-2 medlemsstats manglende opfyldelse af de økonomiske forpligtelser, der påhviler den i henhold til traktatens artikel 9 og 12.
In proceedings between a Belgian national, who lived with his fam­ily in Belgium but worked in Germany, and the German tax authorities, fundamental questions were raised as to the limits which the rules on the free movement of workers place on the application of national income tax.
I en tvist mellem en belgisk statsborger, som var bosat med sin familie i Belgien, men arbejdede i Tyskland, og den tyske skatteforvaltning, blev der rejst en række grundlæggende spørgsmål med hensyn til, hvilke grænser bestemmelserne om arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed sætter for anvendelsen af de nationale bestemmelser om indkomstbeskatning.
In the case in question, the Court held that tax laws under which a distinction was drawn on the basis of residence (in that non­residents were denied certain benefits granted to residents) were liable to operate mainly to the detriment of nationals of other Member States: in the majority of cases non­residents are foreigners.
Ifølge Domstolens stadige retspraksis er reglerne om samme løn ikke blot til hinder for direkte forskelsbehandling, men også for alle former for skjult forskelsbehandling, som ved anvendelse af andre vurderingskriterier reelt med fører samme resultat.
Tax benefits granted only to residents of a Member State could constitute indirect discrimination by reason of nationality, but only where different rules were applied to comparable situations or the same rule was applied to different situations.
Domstolen mener, at der er fare for, at en skattelovgivning, som foretager en sondring baseret på bopælskriteriet, således at ikke-hjemmehørende nægtes vise fordele, der indrømmes hjemmehørende, hovedsagelig vil være til skade for statsborgere fra andre lande; således vil ikkehjemmehørende ofte være ikke-statsborgere.
Where direct taxes are concerned, as the situations of residents and non­residents are not, as a rule, comparable, the Court found that the provisions on the free movement of workers did not in principle preclude the application of national rules under which a non­resident work­ing as an employed person in a Member State was taxed more heavily on his income than a resident in the same employment.
Domstolen finder således, at skattemæssige fordele, der er forbeholdt hjemmehørende i en medlemsstat, vil kunne medføre en indirekte forskelsbehandling på grund af nationalitet. Der er dog kun tale om for skelsbehandling, når der anvendes forskellige regler ved samme situationer eller samme regel ved forskellige situationer.
The position was dif­ferent, however, in cases where the non­resident received no significant in­come in the State of his residence and obtained the major part of his taxable income from an activity performed in the State of employment.
I forbindelse med direkte skatter er hjemmehørendes og ikke-hjemmehørendes situation normalt ikke sammenligne lige, og som følge heraf er bestemmelserne om arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed principielt ikke til hinder for, at en medlemsstat kan anvende regler, hvor man beskatter en ikke-hjemmehørende, der er lønmodtager i den pågældende med lemsstat, hårdere af hans indtægt end en hjemmehørende, der har samme beskæftigelse.
The Court held that in such cases there was no objective difference which could justify different treatment: in the case of a non­resident who received the major part of his income and almost all his family income in a Member State other than that of his residence, discrimination arose from the fact that his personal and family circumstances were not taken into account either in the State of residence or in the State of employment.
Dommen af 15. december i sagen Bosman ) vedrørte anvendelsen i praksis af de regler, der er vedtaget af de private sammenslutninger, som arrangerer fodboldkampe på europæisk plan og på verdensplan.
On 15 December1the Court gave judgment on the practical application of the rules adopted by the private associations responsible for the organization of football at European and world levels.
Den belgiske fodboldspiller Bosman forsøgte ved udløbet af en toårig kontrakt, han havde indgået med en belgisk klub, at indgå en kontrakt med en fransk klub.
On the expiry of his two-year contract with a Belgian club, Mr Bosman, a player of Belgian nationality, tried to conclude a contract with a French club.
Domstolen mente, at artikel 48 i EF-traktaten finder anvendelse på kollektive bestemmelser, som er fastsat af private sportssammenslutninger, eftersom sportsudøvelse, i det omfang det er en økonomisk aktivitet, henhører under fælles skabsretten.
The Court held that Article 48 of the EC Treaty applied to the collective rules adopted by private sports associations since the exercise of sport as an economic activity was covered by Community law.
Domstolen fandt endvidere, at de pågældende overførselsregler, ef tersom de afskrækker en statsborger i en medlemsstat fra at forlade sit oprindelsesland, er til hinder for arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed.
In particular, the rules governing transfers were unlikely to maintain a financial and sporting balance in the football sector since they did not prevent the richest clubs from obtaining the services of the best players on the market.
Bl.a. er reglerne vedrørende overførsel ikke egnede til at sikre en økonomisk og sportslig balance inden for fordboldverdenen, da de ikke kan forhindre, at de rigeste klubber sikrer sig de bedste spillere på markedet.
The Court's judgment did not apply, however, to players being transferred from one club to another within the Member State of which they were nationals or to relations between clubs in Member States of the Community and those in non-member countries.
Det skal bemærkes, at dommen ikke gælder i det tilfælde, hvor en spiller lader sig overføre til en klub inden for den medlemsstat, hvor han er statsborger, og at den heller ikke vedrører forholdene mellem klubber i EU's medlemsstater og klubber i tredjelande.
Where transfer fees were concerned, the Court stated that its judgment would take effect only from the date on which it was given, in view of the uncertainty surrounding the compatibility of the said rules with Community law and the overriding need for legal certainty. Any fees for transfers already
Sag C-415/93 og Bull. 12-1995.
Case C-415/93 Bosman: Buli. 12-1995.
Endvidere mente Domstolen, at da de pågældende to regler er i modstrid med artikel 48, var der ikke grund til at udtale sig om fortolkningen af artikel 85 og 86.
COMMUNITY LAW completed or in progress could not be reimbursed unless judicial proceed­ings had been initiated before the date of the judgment.
Med sin dom af 10. maj ) fik Domstolen for første gang mulighed for at udtale sig om, hvorvidt en restriktion vedrørende den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser, som er indført af den medlemsstat, hvor tjenesteyderen er etableret, er forenelig med EF-traktatens artikel 59.
On 10 May1the Court of Justice ruled for the first time on the compatibility with Article 59 of the EC Treaty of a restriction on the free­dom to provide services which had been imposed by the Member State where the provider was established.
Sagen vedrørte den nederlandske lovgivning, som inden for den finansielle sektor forbyder den såkaldte »cold calling«, dvs. en fremgangsmåde, hvorved der optages telefonisk kontrakt med potentielle kunder uden deres skriftlige samtykke med henblik på at tilbyde dem finansielle tjenesteydelser. Domstolen skulle tage stilling til, om dette forbud, når det drejer sig om opkald til kunder i andre medlemsstater, var foreneligt med EF-traktatens artikel 59.
Dutch legislation prohibited 'cold call­ing' — the practice of approaching potential clients by telephone without their prior written consent to offer them financial services.
Domstolen fastslog først, at den omstændighed, at restriktionen vedrører et til bud om en tjenesteydelse og ikke selve tjenesteydelsen, ikke var til hinder for anvendelsen af EF-traktatens artikel 59.
The Court noted that, although the prohibition applied to the offer of services rather than the services themselves, this did not pre­clude the application of Article 59, which did not require that there be a specific recipient for the services in the first place.
Endvidere vil et sådant forbud være en hindring for den frie udveksling af tjenesteydelser af grænseoverskridende karakter, da det fratager de berørte virksomheder muligheden for kontrakt med potentielle kunder i andre medlemsstater.
On the other hand, the Court acknowledged that safeguarding the financial sec­tor's reputation might constitute an imperative reason for action in the pub­lic interest and might justify restrictions on the freedom to provide financial services.
Domstolen understregede, at forbrugeren, som sædvanligvis er ganske uforberedt, hverken kan få oplysninger om de indbyggede risici ved de transaktioner, der foreslås ham, eller er i stand til at sammenligne prisen på og kvaliteten af de tjenesteydelser, der udbydes, med konkurrenternes tilbud.
On 23 February1the Court held that, although Article 4 of Directive 88/361/EEC allowed Member States to take all requisite measures to prevent infringements of their laws and regulations, it precluded national legislation making the export of coins, banknotes or bearer cheques conditional on a prior authorization which would have a suspensory effect on such exports.
Ganske vist forbydes det tjenesteyderne at rette henvendelse til potentielle kunder uden disses forudgående skriftlige samtykke, men forbuddet vedrører ikke aktuelle kunder.
The Court also held that the relevant provisions of Directive 88/361/EEC had direct effect, since the requirement that Member States should abolish all restrictions on movements of capital was precise and unconditional and did not require a specific implementing measure.
I Spanien kan udførsel af pengesedler kun ske på grundlag af en forud gående anmeldelse, såfremt beløbet overstiger 1 mio. PTA, mens der kræves en forudgående tilladelse, såfremt beløbet overstiger 5 mio. PTA.
On 14 November2the Court clarified important aspects of the rules on the free movement of capital and loans within the Community.
I sin dom af 23. februar") erklærede Domstolen, at selv om artikel 4 i direktiv 88/361/EØF gør det muligt at træffe de foranstaltninger, der er tvingende nødvendige for at imødegå overtrædelser af love og forskrifter, er den til hinder for, at udførslen af mønter, pengesedler eller ihændehavechecks undergives en forudgående tilladelse, som vil få opsættende virkning på udførslen.
The Court found that the relevant provisions of the Luxembourg legislation constituted an obstacle to the free movement of capital in that they were likely to deter the parties concerned from approaching banks established in another Member State.
Domstolen understreger således, at denne anmeldelse kan kræves inden udførslen, således at det bliver muligt for de nationale myndigheder at foretage en effektiv kontrol for at bekæmpe overtrædelser af deres lovgivning, og at en overtrædelse kan medføre strafferetlige sanktioner.
The Court rejected the Luxembourg Government's contention that the aid represented 1 % of the total Luxembourg budget and that half of the aid was recovered through the taxes which financial bodies established in Luxembourg paid on their profits.
Desuden erklærede Domstolen, at de pågældende bestemmelser i direktiv 88/ 361/EØF havde direkte virkning, idet medlemsstaternes forpligtelse til at ophæve alle restriktioner for den frie kapitalbevægelse er tilstrækkeligt præcise og ubetingede til, at de ikke kræver nogen særlige gennemførelsesforanstaltninger.
It took the view that this argument was purely economic in nature and was not therefore covered by Article 56 of the EC Treaty.
') Forenede sager C-358/93 og C-416/93, straffesager mod Bordessa m.fl., og Bull. 4-1995, punkt 1.8.31.
Nor could the Lux- joined Cases C-358/93 and C-416/93 Bordessa and Others: Bull.
Med en dom af 14. november1) gav Domstolen en række vigtige præciseringer inden for området fri bevægelighed for kapital og lån i Fællesskabet. Ægteparret Svensson, som var bosat i Luxembourg, var af de luxembourgske myndigheder blevet nægtet en boligstøtte med den begrundelse, at de til opførelsen af deres bolig i Luxembourg havde optaget lån i en bank, som ikke var etableret i Luxembourg.
On 17 October1the Court ruled on whether the arrangements which the Land Bremen had introduced on 20 November 1990 concerning equality of treatment in the public services were compatible with Direc­tive 76/207/EEC on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women.
Domstolen fastslog, at de pågældende bestemmelser i den luxembourgske lovgivning udgør en hindring for den frie kapitalbevægelse, idet de er af en sådan art, at de afskrækker de pågældende fra at benytte banker, der er etableret i en anden medlemsstat.
Under the arrangements in question, when staff are recruited or assigned to a higher-paid post, women possessing qualifications equivalent to those of their male counterparts must be given priority treat­ment if they are under-represented in the area concerned.
Domstolen bekræfter endvidere, at der er tale om en diskriminering af kreditinstituttter, der er etableret i andre med lemsstater, hvilket er forbudt i henhold til EF-traktatens artikel 59.
Under-representa-tion exists where women do not account for at least half the staff comple­ment.
Domstolen afviste den luxembourgske regerings argumenter, der var baseret på, at den på gældende støtte repræsenterer 1% af Luxembourgs samlede budget og for halvdelens vedkommende indgår til staten igen via den udbytteskat, der betales af de finansieringsinstitutter, der er etableret i Luxembourg.
Article 2(4) of Directive 76/207/EEC states that the Directive is to be without prejudice to measures to promote equal opportunity for men and women, in particular by removing existing inequalities which affect wom­en's opportunities.
Ligebehandling af mænd og kvinder
It then considered whether such discrimination was justified under Ar­ticle 2(4) of the said Directive.
Det fastslås i Bremens lovgivning, at »ved ansættelse og placering af en medarbejder i en højere lønklasse, skal kvinder, der har kvalifikationer svarende til deres mandlige modkandidater, gives en fortrinsstilling, når kvinder er underrepræsenteret.
It found that the precise and limited aim of the rules in question was to authorize measures which, although discrimi­natory in appearance, were in fact designed to eliminate or to reduce exist­ing inequalities.
Der er tale om underrepræsentation, når kvinder ikke udgør mindst halvdelen af de ansatte«.
In the strict sense, however, the rules in question constituted a derogation from the individual rights enshrined in Article 2(1) of the Di­rective.
Det fastslås i artikel 2, stk. 4, i direktiv 76/207/ EØF, at direktivet ikke er til hinder for foranstaltninger til fremme af lige muligheder for mænd og kvinder, særlig ved at afhjælpe de faktiske uligheder, som påvirker kvindernes muligheder. Bestemmelsen indgår i et direktiv, der har til formål at forhindre enhver diskriminering, både direkte og indirekte, som er
The Court consequently held that it was contrary to Article 2(1) and (4) for any national rules to confer automatic priority on female candi­dates in areas where women were under-represented, should the male and female candidates eligible for promotion hold the same qualifications.
Udtalelse 2/92, der blev afgivet den 24. martsx), bygger på samme argumentation som udtalelse 1/94 vedrørende Verdenshandelsorganisationen ). OECD-rådets tredje beslutning om national behandling indfører en procedure, hvorefter der skal gives meddelelse om alle de foranstaltninger, medlemmerne vedtager som undtagelser fra princippet om national behandling, eller som har virkninger for dette princip.
Opinion 2/92, delivered on 24 March,1follows the same line of reasoning as Opinion 1/94 WTO.2The Third OECD Council Decision on national treatment lays down a procedure whereby the OECD is to be no tified of any measure adopted by member countries which constitutes an exception to or has repercussions on national treatment.
Belgien rejste spørgsmålet om, på hvilket retsgrundlag Fællesskabets kompetence skulle udøves.
Belgium had raised the question of the legal basis on which the Community's competence was to be exercised.
Domstolen udtalte først, at artikel 113 i EF-traktaten ikke giver Fællesskabet eksklusiv kompetence på områder, eftersom reglen om national behandling ikke udelukkende vedrører udenlandsk kontrol lerede virksomheders deltagelse i den internationale samhandel med tredjelande, men også finder anvendelse på den interne samhandel.
The Court took the view that Article 113 of the EC Treaty did not confer exclusive competence in this field on the Community, since the national treatment rule related not only to the participation of foreign-controlled undertakings in international trade with third countries; it affected internal trade to the same extent, possibly more so.
Argumentet om, at Fællesskabets deltagelse skulle have hjemmel i artikel 57 og mere subsidiært i artikel 100, hvilket på grundlag af Domstolens afgørelse i AETR-sagen og udtalelse 1/76 skulle medføre eksklusiv ekstern kompetence, afvises ligeledes.
The Court also rejected the argument that the Community's participation could be based on Article 57 and subsidiarily on Article 100a and would consequently entail exclusive external competence on the basis of AETR and Opinion 1/76.
Ifølge Domstolen kan eksklusiv kompetence udadtil kun være baseret på Fællesskabets interne kompetence, hvis der i forvejen er vedtaget en intern retsakt.
It took the view that exclusive external competence could be based on the Community's internal powers only if internal legislation had first been adopted, thus reaffirming its restrictive interpretation of the scope of Opinion 1/76.
Domstolen har gentagne gange understreget, at Parlamentets deltagelse i lovgivningsprocessen udgør et væsentligt element i den institutionelle ligevægt.
On 21 Decem­ber 1992 the Council adopted the Regulation in question without having obtained Parliament's opinion, giving its reasons in the preamble to the Regulation.
Denne kompetence er udrryk for et væsentligt demokratisk princip, hvorefter befolkningerne deltager i udøvelsen af magten ved hjælp af en repræsentativ forsamling.
On 30 March1the Court upheld its earlier judgments on the effective par­ticipation of Parliament in the legislative process, emphasizing that consul­tation required the expression of Parliament's opinion and that this require­ment was not met merely by the Council's request for an opinion.
Sagen vedrørte forordning (EØF) nr. 3917/92, som bl.a. omhandler en forlængelse til 1993 af den generelle præferenceordning, der var gældende i 1992.
The Council was under an obligation to use all the possibilities offered by the Treaty and Parliament's Rules of Procedure to obtain its prior opinion, even in an emergency.
Den omfatter endvidere en liste over de præferenceberettigede i de nye lande for at tage hensyn til opløsningen af det tidligere Sovjetunionen, ligesom den bringer Fællesskabets liste over de mindst udviklede lande i overensstemmelse med De Forenede Nationers liste.
On the other hand, the Court stressed that the same duty to cooperate in good faith applied in the context of interinstitutional dia­logue as it did in relations between the Member States and the Community institutions.
Da forslaget til forordning har hjemmel i EF-traktatens artikel 43, som fastsætter obligatorisk høring af Europa-Parlamentet, anmodede Rådet Parlamentet om at anvende uopsættelighedsproceduren, som er indført ved artikel 75 i Europa-Parlamentets forretningsorden, men Parlamentet udtalte sig ikke om Kommissionens forslag på sit sidste plenarmøde i 1992.
As regards the substance of the application, the Court held that the request made by the Council for the question to be dealt with by urgent procedure was justified in view of the special relationship between the Com­munity and the developing countries and the political and technical difficul­ties which would result from the sudden discontinuation of generalized tar­iff preferences.
Den 21. december 1992 vedtog Rådet den anfægtede forordning uden at have opnået Parlamentets udtalelse, idet det anførte en begrundelse for den manglende høring af Parlamentet i betragtningerne til forordningen.
Although Parliament had taken these considerations fully into account and had given corresponding assurances to the Council, it had decided to bring its final part-session of 1992 to a close without debating the proposal in question.
Selv i tilfælde af uopsættelighed skal Rådet udnytte alle de muligheder, det har i medfør af traktaten og Parlamentets forretningsorden, for at indhente Parlamentets forudgående tilladelse. På den anden side fandt Domstolen, at inden for rammerne af dialogen mellem institutionerne gælder de samme gensidige forpligtelser til loyalt samarbejde som dem, der gælder for forholdet mellem medlemsstaterne og Fællesskabets institutioner.
The conditions for granting such access are laid down in Council Decision 93/ 731/EC on public access to Council documents, Article 4(2) of which states that 'access to a Council document may be refused in order to protect the confidentiality of the Council's proceedings', whilst Article 4(1) defines four types of circumstance in which access to a Council document should not be granted.
Med hensyn til sagens substans mener Domstolen, at Rådets anmodning om uopsættelighed var berettiget under hensyn til de særlige forbindelser, der består mellem Fællesskabet og udviklingslandene, og de vanskeligheder, såvel af politisk som teknisk karakter, som en pludselig afbrydelse af anvendelsen af de generelle toldpræferencer ville medføre.
The applicant had asked the Council for access to a number of documents including preparatory reports from the Permanent Representa­tives Committee, minutes, attendance records, voting records and decisions of the Ministers for Justice and Social Affairs and minutes of the delibera­tions of the Ministers for Agriculture on certain dates.
') Sag C-65/93, Europa-Parlamentet mod Kadet for Den Europæiske Union stöttet af Det Forenede Kongerige, og Bull. 4-1995, punkt 1.8.37.
Case C-65/93 Parliament ν Council supported by the United Kingdom: Bull.
493 givet Rådet forsikringer herom, besluttede Parlamentet at hæve sit sidste plenarmøde uden at have drøftet det pågældende forslag til forordning.
471 the Council for refusing access was that the documents in question were di­rectly concerned with the Council's proceedings and that its Rules of Pro­cedure prevented the contents from being divulged.