natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
LEVNEDSMIDLER VEDRØRENDE :
REPORTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FOR FOOD CONCERNING :
Farvestoffer (Udtalelse afgivet den 10. december 1987)
Colouring matters (Opinion expressed on 10 December 1987)
Sødestoffer (Udtalelse afgivet den 11. december 1987 og 10. november 1988)
Sweeteners (Opinion expressed on 11 December 1987 and 10 November 1988)
Kinin (Udtalelse afgivet den 19. februar 1988)
Quinine (Opinion expressed on 19 February 1988)
Emulgatorer, stabilisatorer, fortyknings- og geleringsmidler (Udtalelse afgivet den 11. november 1988)
Emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners and gelling agents (Opinion expressed on 11 November 1988)
Sajwarjsrtrring af den Videnskabelige tornite for Levnedgridler
Composition of the Scientific Ccnwittee for Food
(fra 1 april 1987)
(from 1 April 1987)
(fra 7 april 1988)
(from 7 April 1988)
(indtil 7 april 1988)
(to 7 April 1938)
(fra 7 april 1938)
(from 7. April 1988)
(indtil 7 april 19S8)
(to 7 Apri I 1988)
RAPPORT FRA DEN VIDENSKABELIGE KOMITE FOR LEVNEDSMIDLER OM FARVESTOFFER
REPORT OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FOR FOOD ON
(Udtalelse afgivet den 10. december 1987)
(Opinion expressed 10 December 1987)
At undersøge sikkerheden i forbindelse med anvendelse af visse farvestoffer, herunder særlig dem, som komitéen tidligere har klassificeret som midlertidigt acceptable.
To review the safety in use of certain colouring matters, particularly those previously classed by the Committee as temporarily acceptable.
Siden da er der fremkommet yderligere oplysninger om karamelfarvestoffer og erythrosin, der dengang bedømtes som midlertidigt acceptable.
Since that time further data have become available on Caramels and Erythrosine, colours assessed as temporarily acceptable at that time.
Ud over de nu forelagte oplysninger om disse farvestoffer er komitéen blevet anmodet om pi ny at vurdere Allura Red, beta-caroten og canthaxanthin på grundlag af nye oplysninger, Kommissionen har modtaget.
In addition to the data now provided on these colouring matters the Committee has been asked to reassess Allura Red, Beta-Carotene and Canthaxanthin on the basis of new information submitted to the Commission.
Et nyt farvestof, en ekstrakt indeholdende crocin, er forelagt til bedømmelse.
One new colouring matter, an extract containing crocin, has been submitted for evaluation.
Komitéen er desuden blevet anmodet om en præcisering for så vidt angår dens udtalelse om syntetisk fremstillet lycopen og om mærkeblæk til kød.
Finally the Committee has been asked to give clarification to its opinion on lycopene produced synthetically, and on marking inks for meats.
De fleste af de stoffer, komitéen undersøgte som led i gennemgangen, var ekstrakter af materialer, hvis kemiske sammensætning ikke var veldefineret.
Most of the substances examined by the Committee during their review were extracts of materials the chemical composition of which was not well defined.
Komitéen har flere gange påpeget, at farvestoffer isoleret fra naturlige materialer, også selv om de hidrører fra levnedsmidler, ikke a priori kan anses for mere sikre end syntetiske stoffer; syntetiske ækvivalenter til stoffer, der findes i levnedsmidler, kan heller ikke automatisk vurderes på samme måde som det levnedsmiddel, de hidrører fra.
The Committee has insisted on several occasions that colourings isolated from natural materials, even if they are derived from foods, cannot be held to be safer a priori than synthetic materials; nor could synthetic equivalents of substances present in food be
væsentligt fra dem, der indtages ved normalt forbrug af de levnedsmidler, hvori de forekommer.
automatically given the same evaluation as the food from which they are derived.
Farvestoffer hidrørende fra naturlige kilder, som ikke er naturlige levnedsmidler, eller deres syntetiske ækvivalenter eller syntetisk fremstillede farvestoffer, som findes i levnedsmidler, kræver imidlertid en passende undersøgelse.
The Committee reaffirms that whilst it could accept a number of colouring matters from foods without a formal ADI (paragraph 7 of the 1983 Report) it draws attention to the fact that the acceptance is limited to situations under which the use of colouring matters extracted from foods would not be expected to result in ingestion differing substantially from the amounts likely to be ingested from the normal consumption of the foods in which they occur.
Komitéen er bekendt med, at der er sket vigtige teknologiske fremskridt med hensyn til isolation, tilvirkning og ekstraktion af farvestoffer fra naturlige forekomster.
The Committee is also aware that there have been significant technological advances in the isolation, preparation and extraction of colouring matters from natural sources.
Komitéen udtrykker betydelige betænkeligheder ved tendensen til, at levnedsmidler i stigende grad farves med såkaldt "naturlige" farvestoffer og mærkes som sådanne.
The Committee expresses considerable concern at the tendency for foods to be increasingly coloured by so-called "natural" colouring matters and be labelled as such.
Dette fører til den fejlagtige opfattelse hos forbrugeren, at disse produkter er sikre a priori.
This tendency results in misinterpretation by the consumer that such products are a priori safe.
Komitéen beklager denne kommercielle udnyttelse af forbrugernes manglende viden om de faktiske forhold og henviser til sine udtalelser i Tolvte serie (2) (intolerans og overfølsomhed) og Fjortende serie (generel sikkerhed) om en mulig formindskelse af brugen af farvestoffer.
The Committee deplores this commercial exploitation of the lack of consumer awareness of the situation and recalls its opinions expressed in the 12th Series (on intolerance and hypersensitivity) and the 14th Series (general safety) that the use of colouring matters could be reduced.
Disse problemer illustreres specifikt af nogle af de farvestoffer, komitéen gennemgår i rapporten.
These problems are specifically illustrated by some of the colouring matters subject to review by the Committee in the report.
Komitéen anmoder på ny om en gennemgang af de vigtige teknologiske fremskridt inden for isolation, tilvirkning og ekstraktion af farvestoffer fra naturlige forekomster med henblik på undersøgelse af disse ændringers virkninger for vurderingen af de pågældende stoffer og forbedring af renhedsspecifikationerne i lyset af det øgede^nvendelsespotentiel.
The Committee reiterates its request for a review of the considerable significant technological advances in the isolation, preparation and extraction of colouring matters from natural sources to assess the impact of these changes on the evaluation of these materials and to improve the specifications of purity in the light of the increased potential for use.
Bilag 1 og 2 indeholder henholdsvis en oversigt over vurderingerne og en bedømmelse af de enkelte stoffer, denne gennemgang omfatter.
Annexes 1 and 2 contain respectively a summary of evaluations and an assessment of individual materials considered in this review.
OVERSIGT OVER VURDERINGER
SUMMARY OF EVALUATIONS
Godkendt
Acceptable
Midlertidigt** godkendt i alkoholdige drikkevarer
Temporarily ** acceptable in alcoholic beverages
Midlertidig** ADI
Temporary ADI
Ikke godkendt
Not acceptable
Beta-carotenekstrakter fra alger
Beta-Carotene extracts from algae
** Femårig grænse.
** Limit 5 years.
Komitéen har tidligere gennemgået omfattende data vedrørende stofskiftet (herunder identifikation af cresidinsulphonsyre som den væsentligste metabolit), formering og teratogenicitet, mutagenicitet in vivo og in vitro, akut toksicitet, herunder hudsensibilisering, korttidsundersøgelser med rotter, hunde og svin samt flere langtidsundersøgelser med rotter og mus.
The Committee has already reviewed comprehensive data relating to the metabolism, including identification of cresidine sulphonic acid as the major metabolite, reproduction and teratogenicity, in vivo and in vitro mutagenicity, acute toxicity including skin sensi ti sation, short-term studies in rats, dogs and pigs as well as several long-term studies in rats and mice.
Den tilsyneladende øgede forekomst af lymphoma under den første langtidsundersøgelse med mus blev ikke bekræftet under den anden langtidsundersøgelse med mus.
The question of the increase in the incidence of lymphomas in the first long-term mouse study was not confirmed in the second long-term mouse study.
Når Allura Red indgives oralt, sker der en delvis azoreduktion inden absorption.
Orally administered allura red undergoes partial azo reduction prior to absorption.
Absorptionen i mave og tarm er ringe, og det meste farvestof udskilles med fæces. Med hensyn til rotters formeringsevne var "no-adverse-effect-level" 1,39% i foderet.
Gastrointestinal absorption is poor, most dye being excreted in the faeces.
Ved langtidsundersøgelserne med mus og rotter blev der ikke påvist carcinogene tendenser.
The long-term studies in mice and rats did not reveal any carcinogenic potential.
På grundlag af disse oplysninger fastsatte komitéen i 1983 en ADI pi 0-7 mg/kg legemsvægt.
On the basis of these data the Committee set an ADI of 0-7 mg/kg bw in 1983.
Der er for nylig rejst indvendinger mod de af komitéen vurderede stofskiftedata, især med hensyn til, at en række metabolitter ikke var blevet identificeret, og at antallet af forsøgsdyr var for lille.
Questions have been raised recently on the metabolic data assessed by the Committee, particularly in relation to the fact that a number of metabolites had not been identified, and the number of test animals was too small.
Komitéen erkendte, at stofskifteoplysningerne ikke var helt fyldestgørende, men finder, at der ved en samlet vurdering af alle oplysningerne ikke var behov for en gentagelse af undersøgelserne.
The Committee accepted that the metabolic data were less than totally adequate but considered that in the context of an overall assessment of all the data there was no need to repeat the studies.
Der var desuden fremkommet bemærkninger om, at in vivo dannelse af carcinogenet p-cresidin ikke kunne udelukkes.
Furthermore comments had been received that the in vivo formation of the carcinogen p-cresidine had not been ruled out.
Komitéen finder det usandsynligt, at p-cresidinsulphonat skulle blive nedbrudt til p-cresidin.
The Committee considers that p-cresidine sulphonate was unlikely to break down into p-cresidine.
Der blev i vurderingen inddraget yderligere oplysninger, som syntes at bekræfte komitéens opfattelse af, at in vivo dannelse af p-cresidin var usandsynlig.
Further information was summarized tending to confirm the Committee's understanding that in vivo formation of p-cresidine was unlikely.
Hvis p-cresidin skulle være en metabolit in vivo, var den kendsgerning, at langtidsundersøgelserne ikke viste nogen carcinogen virkning, betryggende.
If p-cresidine were a metabolite in vivo the fact that the long-term studies showed no carcinogenic effect was reassuring.
Skulle det blive konstateret, at der faktisk foreligger en sådan mulighed, er der grund til at tage spørgsmålet om sikkerheden ved alle farvestoffer baseret på sulphonerede azoforbindelser op til fornyet overvejelse.
If this possibility was found to be a reality, the question of the safety of all colouring matters based on sulphonated azo compounds should be re-examined.
Komitéen vurderede også en adfærdsundersøgelse.
A behavioural study was taken into account by the Committee.
De konstaterede adfærdsvirkninger fremkom ved meget højere doser end dem, ADI var baseret o pa.
In fact the behavioural effects reported were obtained at much higher doses than those on which the ADI had been based.
Komitéen besluttede at fastholde en ADI på 0-7 mg/kg legemsvægt.
The Committee decided to maintain the ADI of 0-7 mg/kg bw.
Komitéen kunne i sin 1983-rapport ikke fremlægge en endelig vurdering af caustisk sulphitkaramel, ammonieret karamel og ammoniumsulphitkaramel, og den anmodede om yderligere oplysninger om specifikation af stofferne, for hvilke der var ved at blive tilvejebragt toksikologiske data ved igangværende undersøgelser. Komitéen har nu vurderet disse stoffer.
In its 1983 Report the Committee was unable to make a final evaluation of caustic sulphite caramels, ammonia caramels or ammonia sulphite caramels and requested further information on specification of the materials which were encompassed by the toxicological data being generated by studies in progress at the time, and which have now been evaluated by the Committee.
Komitéen er siden offentliggørelsen af 1983-rapporten (som anmodet om i denne) blevet holdt løbende underrettet om de fremskridt, der er gjort.
During the intervening period since the publication of the 1983 Report the Committee has been appraised at regular intervals of the progress being made (as requested in the Report).
Komitéen har sammen med fabrikanterne undersøgt muligheden for at formidske rækken af karameludgangsstoffer og at opstille veldefinerede reaktionsbetingelser.
The Committee has investigated with manufacturers the possibility of reducing the range of starting materials for caramels and setting well defined reaction conditions.
Komitéen har også anmodet industrien om oplysninger, der viser forskellene i kemiske og toksikologiske egenskaber mellem caustisk sulphitkaramel og ammoniumsulphitkaramel, samt om nærmere oplysninger om ammonieret karamels toksikologiske virkninger og årsagerne til disse og om nye data vedrørende ammoniumsulphitkaramel.
The Committee also requested from industry information to demonstrate the ways in which the chemical and toxicological properties of caustic sulphite caramels differ from sulphite ammonia caramels, clarification and causes of the toxicological effects for ammonia caramels and new data on ammonia sulphite caramels.
Komitéen beskæftigede sig desuden med det spørgsmål, at mens de nu kommercielt fremstillede produkter måske er rimeligt ensartede, er der ingen sikkerhed for, at der ikke vil blive fremstillet andre karamelprodukter efter de forelagte specifikationer, men som i ekstreme tilfælde kan have en anden toksikologisk profil.
The Committee was also concerned that while the products currently being produced commercially may be reasonably homogeneous, there was no guarantee that other caramels might not be produced in accordance with the specifications in the submissions, but which might in an extreme case have a different toxicological profile.
Karamelfarvestoffer til levnedsmiddelbrug fremstilles ved opvarmning af opløsninger af spiselige kulhydrater (almindeligvis simpelt sukker eller glucosesirup) sammen med syrer eller alkalier, der fremmer karameldannelsen.
Caramel colours for food use are produced by heating solutions of edible carbohydrates (usually simple sugars or glucose syrups) in the presence of acids or alkalis to promote carameli zation.
Der sondres mellem fire hovedtyper af karamel:
Four main types of caramel are distinguished :
(a) karamel, der ikke indeholder hverken ammoniumforbindelser eller sulphitter som reaktanter (almindelig karamel);
(a) those which do not include either armonium compounds or sulphites as reactants (plain caramels);
(b) karamel, der indeholder sulphitter, som ikke ammoniumforbindelser (caustisk sulphitkaramel);
(b) those which contain sulphites but not ammonium compounds (caustic sulphite caramels);
(c) karamel, der indeholder ammoniumforbindelser, men ikke sulphitter (ammonieret karamel);
(c) those which contain ammonium compounds but not sulphites (ammonia caramels);
(d) karamel, der ineholder ammoniumforbindelser og sulphitforbindelser som yderligere reaktanter (ammoniumsulphitkaramel).
(d) those which include ammonium compounds and sulphite compounds as additional reactants (ammonia sulphite caramels).
omvendt. Selv inden for én karamelkategori kan nitrogenindholdet, svovlindholdet, molekylvægtfordelingen osv. variere stærkt.
The physical and chemical properties of these four classes differ substantially one from another, e.g. the colour intensity of ammonia sulphite caramels is generally much higher than that of plain caramels; the colloidal material in ammonia caramels is much more electropositive than that of the other caramels, so that it is stable in some media in which they are not and vice versa; and so on.
Disse egenskaber påvirkes bl.a. af de forskellige tilstedeværende reaktanters relative forhold og tids- og temperaturbetingelserne for kararnel li seringsreaktionen.
These properties will be influenced by, among other things, the relative proportions of the various reactants present and the time and temperature of the carameli zation reaction.
Selv om karamelliseringsreaktionen er kompleks og der dannes mange forskellige forbindelser, især ved tilstedeværelse af ammoniak, er der inden for en given kategori en bred ensartethed i den kvalitative kemiske sammensætning.
Although the caramelizaron reaction is a complex one, and many different compounds are formed, especially in the presence of armonia, within a given class there is a broad similarity in qualitative chemical composition.
Hver af karamelhovedkategorierne (ammonieret og ammoniumsulphit) kan beskrives ud fra en "acceptabilitetsramme", som definerer de pågældende stoffer af teknologisk værdi for si vidt angår farve, nitrogenindhold og nitrogen/farve-forhold, og som omfatter de toksikologisk afprøvede stoffer.
Each of the main classes of caramel (armonia and ammonia sulphite) can be delineated in terms of an "envelope of acceptability" which defines those materials of technological value in terms of colour, nitrogen content and nitrogen/colour ratio, and includes those materials toxicologically tested.
2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazol (THI), og der indgår en grænse for dette stof i specifikationen.
The only significant toxic effect, namely the lymphopenia produced by ammonia caramel at low pyridoxine status, has been specifically traced to 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) and a limit for this material included in the specification.
Hvad caustisk sulphitkaramel angår, er oplysningerne om stoffets kemi imidlertid ikke tilstrækkelige til at tillade udbredt anvendelse af stoffet.
For caustic sulphite caramel however, the data on the chemistry of the material are insufficient to allow widespread use of the material.
Med disse forbehold kunne komitéen tilslutte, at specifikationerne i Kommissionens direktivforslag (8. ændring af direkivet om farvestoffer) var en rimelig beskrivelse af de toksikologisk afprøvede og for tiden forhandlede produkter, men komitéen mente, at de af industrien ønskede ændringer vedrørende caustisk sulphitkaramel også var acceptable.
With these reservations, the Committee agreed that the specifications included in the Commission proposal for a Directive (8th modification of the Directive on colouring matters) were a reasonable description of the products toxi cologically tested and currently marketed, but the Committee felt that changes for caustic sulphite caramels requested by industry were also acceptable.
Sekretariatet bekræftede, at Kommissionens tjenestegrene ville undersøge muligheden for at tilpasse fællesskabsteksten efter de renhedskriterier, der til sin tid ville blive opstillet af FAO/WHO-JECFA.
The secretariat confirmed that Commission Services would study the possibility of aligning the Community text with the purity criteria being developed by the FAO/WHO JECFA in due course.
Komitéen ser sig ikke foranlediget til at ændre standpunkt med hensyn til karamelfarvestoffer fremstillet ved kontrolleret varmebehandling af kulhydrater med eller uden alkali eller syre (såkaldt almindeligt karamelfarvestof).
The Committee sees no reason to change its opinion on caramel colours produced by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates with or without the presence of alkali or acid (so called plain caramel colour).
Med hensyn til caustisk sulphitkaramel (fremstillet ved kontrolleret varmebehandling af kulhydrater sammen med forbindelser, der indeholder sulphit, og med eller uden alkali eller syre) fik komitéen forelagt tal, der viste, at denne type karamel udgør under 1% af det samlede verdensforbrug af karamel (sammenholdt med 90% for ammonieret karamel og ammoniumsulphitkaramel).
For caustic sulphite caramels (prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates together with sulphite containing compounds, with or without the presence of alkali or acid), the Committee was provided with figures that this variety of caramel represents less than 1% of the total usage worldwide of caramel (compared with 90% for ammonia and armonia sulphite caramels).
Det er derfor ikke overraskende, at der foreligger færre kemiske oplysninger end for andre karamelkategorier.
It is therefore not surprising that the amount of chemical information is not as extensive as for other classes.
til fremstilling af alkoholdige drikkevarer).
The Committee noted the new information on caustic sulphite caramel.
Den foreslåede udvidelse af svovlspecifikationen til 0,3-3,5% pi basis af farveintensiteten accepteredes, samtidig med at det erkendtes, at denne ændring ville gøre kategorien mindre ensartet.
The suggested widening of the sulphur specification to 0.3-3.5% on a colour intensity basis was accepted, recognizing that this change introduced less homegenicity in the class.
Komitéen konkluderede, at der teoretisk set ikke var grund til at antage, at denne karamelkategori ville frembyde større toksikologiske risici end ammoniumsulphitkaramel; der foreli imidlertid ikke detaljerede oplysninger til støtte for denne vurdering.
The Committee concluded that on theoretical grounds there was no reason to suppose that the caramels of this class would be toxicologically more suspect than those of ammonium sulphite caramels; however, no detailed information was available to support this.
Desuden var caustisk sulphitkaramel mindre ensartet inden for det nye interval.
In addition, there was less homogenicity between the new range of caustic sulphite caramel.
Der foreli dog en rimelig 90-dages undersøgelse vedrørende et repræsentativt udsnit af caustisk sulphitkaramel, og på grundlag heraf accepterede komitéen midlertid anvendelse af denne karamelkategori til alkoholdige drikkevarer.
Nevertheless an adequate 90-day study was available on one representative sample of caustic sulphite caramel and on this basis the Committee accepted the temporary use of this class of caramels for alcoholic beverages.
Komitéen ønsker yderligere oplysninger, der kan bekræfte dens antagelser med hensyn til sammensætning og homogenitet, især hvis dette karamelfarvestof skulle bedømmes med henblik på andre levnedsmiddelanvendelser.
The Committee wishes to see further information confirming its assumptions, on composition and homogenicity, particularly if this caramel was to be considered for other food uses.
Denne afgørelse bør tages op til fornyet overvejelse om senest fem ir.
This decision should te reviewed at the latest in 5 years.
I 1983 anførte komitéen, at den afventede yderligere oplysninger om ammonieret karamel (fremstillet ved kontrolleret varmebehandling af kulhydrater med ammoniumforbindelser), karakterisering af det faktisk anvendte stof og betydningen for mennesket af, at slutproduktet uundgåeligt indeholder mindre mængder THI.
In 1983 the Committee recorded that it was awaiting further data on ammonia caramels (prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates with ammonium compounds) on characterizing the compound actually in use and on the significance to man of low levels of THI unavoidably present in the end product.
De brancher, der producerer og anvender karamelfarvestoffer, har bestræbt sig på at mindske THI-niveauerne i deres produkter, og der kan for tiden fremstilles serier af ammonieret karamel med under 25 mg THI/kg produkt (sammenholdt med 125 mg for nogle år siden).
The industries involved in the production and use of caramel colours have put a great deal of effort into decreasing the levels of THI in their products, and, at the moment, batches of ammonia caramel containing less than 25 mg/THI/kg/product can be manufactured (to be compared with the 125 mg of some years ago).