natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Visa er (i lighed med Eurocard-MasterCard) et net, dvs. at medlemsbankerne udsteder kort og optager de handlende som medlemmer efter Visas medlemsregler.
Visa (like Eurocard-MasterCard) is a "network" system:member banks issue cards and acquire merchants within the framework of the Visa association's rules.
Kommissionens Generaldirektorat for Konkurrence mente, at den foreslåede regel ville være faldet ind under EF-traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1, hvis den var blevet vedtaget, fordi den ville have begrænset konkurrencen mellem betalingskortsystemerne og mellem banker, der tilbyder internationale flerfunktionskort.
The Commission's Directorate-General for Competition considered that the proposed rule, if adopted,would have fallen within Article 85(1) of the EC Treaty because it would have restricted competitionbetween payment card systems as well as between banks offering international general purpose cards.
For det første ville reglen have begrænset konkurrencen mellem de internationale flerfunktionskortsystemer mærkbart, fordi den ville have forhindret andre kortsystemer end Visa i at meddele udstederlicens til størsteparten af bankerne i EU.
First, the proposed rule would have substantially restricted competition between global general purposecard systems by impeding card systems other than Visa from licensing the vast majority of EC banksas issuers.
Den ville desuden havde forhindret nye systemer i at få adgang til markedet og eksisterende systemer i at ekspandere.
The rule would have impeded the entry of new systems and the expansion of existingsystems.
De fleste af de störste europæiske banker er medlemmer af Visa.
Visa includes a substantial majority of the major European banks as its members.
Hvis reglen var blevet vedtaget, er det usandsynligt, at nogen af disse banker skulle have udsat sig for risikoen for at blive ekskluderet af Visa. fordi de har betydelige indtægter ved et sådan medlemskab og ville miste betydelige faktiske og potentielle beløb
If the rulehad been adopted, it is unlikely that any of those banks would have risked exclusion from Visamembership because they derive substantial revenue from it, and would lose substantial actual andpotential sums were this membership sacrificed.
For det andet ville reglen have begrænset konkurrencen mellem bankerne ved at reducere det store udvalg af produkter, de kan tilbyde kunderne.
Twenty-fifth Competition Report, point 41.
Den 4. juni 1996 besluttede Visa Internationals bestyrelse i EU at trække forslaget tilbage.
COMPETITION REPORT 1996
Indtil begyndelsen af 1995 var drift af spilleautomater et statsmonopol i Finland.
APPLICATION OF COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Efter en lovændring den 17. februar 1995 blev dette statsmonopol afviklet, og det var teoretisk muligt for nye operatører af spilleautomater at komme ind på markedet.
Until the beginning of 1995 the operation of amusement machines was a state monopoly in Finland.Following a change in the law on 17 February 1995 this state monopoly ended and it was theoreticallypossible for new operators of amusement machines to enter the market.
Pelika RA Y's kontrakter med over 2 000 barer, forretningsarkader osv., hvor disse automater var placeret, hindrede dog ejerne af disse etablissementer i at kobe spilleautomater hos Pelika RA Y's konkurrenter.
However Pelika RAY'scontracts with over 2 000 bars, arcades etc. where these machines were placed prevented the ownersof the premises from taking amusement machines from any competitor of Pelika RAY.
En af Pelika RA Y's konkurrenter klagede til Kommissionen efter EU's konkurrenceret, hvorefter Generaldirektoratet for Konkurrence undersøgte kontrakterne og drøftede dem med Pelika RAY.
A competitorof Pelika RAY complained to the Commission under the competition law of the EU. Following thiscomplaint the Competition Directorate-General of the Commission investigated these contracts anddiscussed them with Pelika RAY.
På denne baggrund har Pelika RAY frivilligt fjernet denne restriktion.
Following these discussions Pelika RAY has voluntarily lifted thisrestriction.
Dette indgreb er et klart eksempel på, at Kommissionen har grebet ind for at skabe konkurrence i en tidligere monopolsektor til stor fordel for forbrugerne.
This action is a clear example of the Commission acting to establish competition in a previouslymonopolized sector to the clear benefit of consumers.
ANVENDELSEN AF KONKURRENCEREGLERNE I DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION brugen af den moderne vestterminal, der har overskudskapacitet, medens konkurrenternes fly derimod skulle anvende den ældre sydterminal, der ikke havde den nødvendige kapacitet til hele denne trafik.
AdP was accused of redistributing traffic among the passenger terminals in a way that benefited Air France. The national airline was to be given exclusive use of the western terminal, which was modernand had excess capacity.
Før Kommissionen indledte den formelle procedure, fik den tilsagn fra ADP om, at den supplerende trafik skulle overføres fra sydterminalen til vestterminalen for at sikre en ensartet udnyttelse af infrastrukturerne, og at ADP ville iværksætte eller fremskynde renoveringsarbejdet i sydterminalen.
Before opening formal proceedings, the Commission prevailed upon AdP to transfer further trafficfrom the southern terminal to the western terminal so as to ensure a balanced use of the infrastructure,and to carry out or speed up renovation work at Orly Sud.
Desuden forpligtede ADP sig til regelmæssigt at offentliggøre oversigter over kvaliteten af den service, der blev ydet de enkelte luftfartsselskaber i hver enkelt terminal.
AdP also undertook to publish at regularintervals indicators showing the quality of the service provided to each airline at each terminal.
Det danske medicinalfirma Novo Nordisk har afgivet tilsagn, der skal sikre konkurrencen på markedet for komponenter til Novo Nordisk' systemer til selvindsprøjtning af insulin.
Undertakings have been accepted from Novo Nordisk, the Danish pharmaceutical company, which aredesigned to ensure competition in the markets for components of Novo Nordisk's insulin self-injectiondelivery systems.
Novo Nordisk er Europas førende insulinproducent.
Novo Nordisk is Europe's leading insulin producer.
I 1985 indførte selskabet en ny metode til selvindsprøjtning af insulin, det såkaldte insulinpensystem.
In 1985 it introduced a new method of insulin selfinjection, the so-called "insulin pen" system.
For mange diabetikere har dette system vist sig at være mere praktisk end de traditionelle selvindsprøjtningssystemer.
For many diabetes sufferers, this has proved moreconvenient than traditional self-injection delivery systems such as the hypodermic syringe.
Omkring en tredjedel afalle diabetikere i Europa anvender allerede et sådant pennesystem, og denne udvikling fortsætter.
About athird of all diabetics in Europe already employ such pen systems and the trend is continuing.
Systemerne består af en indsprøjtningsanordning ("pennen"), insulinkapsler og engangsnåle.
Thesystems consist of an injection device (the "pen"), non-refillable cartridges containing the insulindosage, and disposable needles.
Andre selskaber producerer nu lignende pennesystemer, herunder de forskellige komponenter, hvoraf nogle er forenelige med Novo Nordisk-systemet. Kompatible komponenter i denne forbindelse er de komponenter, der sikkert og effektivt kan anvendes sammen med Novo Nordisk-produkterne, og som ikke på nogen måde får systemet til at fungere forkert.
Other companies now produce similar pen delivery systems, includingmanufacture of the various components, some of which are compatible with Novo Nordisk systems.Compatible components in this context are those which can safely and effectively be used incombination with the Novo Nordisk products, and which do not cause the system to malfunction inany material way.
På baggrund af en klage fra en medicinalvareproducent i USA. Becton Dickinson, foretog Kommissionens Generaldirektorat for Konkurrence en undersøgelse og nåede frem til den foreløbige konklusion, at Novo Nordisk indtog en dominerende stilling på insulinmarkedet og på markederne for de forskellige komponenter i pennesystemet i de fleste medlemsstater.
On the basis of a complaint by US-based medical device manufacturer, Becton Dickinson, the Commission's Directorate-General for Competition carried out an investigation and arrived at thepreliminary conclusion that Novo Nordisk occupies a dominant position on the insulin market, and onthe markets for the various components of pen delivery systems, in most Member States.
Denne kontrol blev ikke anset for at være af betydning for kompatibilitetsspørgsmålet.
It concludedthat it has been abusing its dominance, contrary to the Community's competition rules, by in some
Ordlyden af Novo Nordisks sikkerhedsadvarsler til patienterne på al relevant emballage, reklamemateriale og produktbeskrivelse vil blive revideret gennem EØS i overensstemmelse med ovennævnte tilsagn.
The wording of its safety warnings to patients for all relevant packaging, promotional material andproduct literature will be revised throughout the EEA in accordance with these undertakings.
Ændringerne, herunder tilpasning af de eksisterende lagre, vil blive foretaget på landebasis, så snart man har fået den nødvendige lovmæssige godkendelse.
Thesechanges, including adaptation of existing stock, will be introduced on a country-by-country basis assoon as the necessary regulatory approval has been obtained.
Der vil desuden blive udstedt klare instrukser om den nye situation til Novo Nordisks salgs- og marketingpersonale i alle EØS-lande.
Clear instructions concerning the newposition will also be given to Novo Nordisk sales and marketing staff in all EEA countries.
Det nederlandske kooperative selskab CSK (Coöperatieve Stremsel- en Kleurselfabriek), der fremstiller og sælger animalsk osteløbe, og Gist-brocades, der ligeledes fremstiller osteløbe, men af bioteknologisk oprindelse, havde indgået en aftale om gensidig eneforhandling, som de derpå anmeldte til Kommissionen.
CSK (Cooperatieve Stremsel- en Kleurselfabriek), a Dutch cooperative which produces and sellsanimal-derived rennet, and Gist-Brocades, which also produces rennet, but of biotechnological origin,concluded a reciprocal exclusive distribution agreement which they then notified to the Commission.
Animalsk og bioteknologisk løbe er substituerbare produkter, der anvendes til ostefremstilling.
Animal-derived rennet and rennet of biotechnological origin are, as regards their characteristics,substitutable products used in the manufacture of cheese.
Anvendelse af bioteknologisk løbe er endnu ikke tilladt i samtlige medlemsstater.
The use of rennet of biotechnological originis not yet authorized in every Member State.
I Nederlandene er det generelt forbudt at anvende bioteknologisk løbe til ostefremstilling, men ministeren kan give tilladelse i konkrete tilfælde.
In the Netherlands, the use of rennet of biotechnologicalorigin to manufacture cheese is not generally authorized, but the Minister may grant an individualauthorization.
Animalsk og bioteknologisk løbe er derfor konkurrerende produkter.
Animal-derived rennet and rennet of biotechnological origin are therefore competingproducts.
Ifølge aftalen skulle CSK være eneforhandler i Nederlandene af Gist-brocades osteløbe.
The agreement stipulated that CSK became, in the Netherlands, the exclusive distributor of rennetproduced by Gist-Brocades.
Uden for Nederlandene skulle Gist-brocades til gengæld formelt udpeges som forhandler, men ikke eneforhandler af CSK's animalske osteløbe. Gist-brocades blev dog i praksis betragtet som eneforhandler.
On the other hand, outside the Netherlands, Gist-Brocades was formallyappointed non-exclusive distributor of animal-derived rennet produced by CSK.
Det var bl.a. fastsat i aftalen, at CSK kunne sælge til andre forhandlere i det område, der var overdraget til Gist-brocades, men udelukkende med sidstnævntes samtykke, hvis CSK mente, at Gist-brocades ikke solgte nok.
The agreement provided inter aliathat CSK could sell, but only after consulting Gist-Brocades, to other resellers in the territory allottedto the latter if CSK considered that Gist-Brocades was not achieving enough sales there.
Denne bestemmelse er aldrig blevet anvendt.
Theprovision has never been applied.
Desuden betragtede CSK sit salg af produkter, der var bestemt til eksport, som en "undtagelse" fra aftalen, og et sådant salg forudsatte Gist-brocades samtykke.
Moreover, sales made by CSK, but intended for export, wereregarded by the latter as a "derogation" from the agreement and were carried out only after consulting Gist-Brocades.
Ved Kommissionen indgriben nåede man frem til en løsning, der er forenelig med konkurrencereglerne.
Such an agreementis not exemptible. Moreover, CSK was informed that, in view of its large market share in the Netherlands, such an agreement could constitute an abuse by it of a dominant position inasmuch asthe agreement enabled it to control the distribution in the Netherlands of a competing product and thusto protect its market position,
De agenter, der blev udpeget til at sælge billetter, fik ingen områdeeksklusivitet, der afskærmede det indre marked, og billetsalget kom til at opfylde bestemte regler om forbud mod forskelsbehandling i den standardkontrakt, som de nationale olympiske komitéer havde undertegnet med arrangøren af OL i Atlanta.
Thenormal distribution system consisted in appointing for each Member State a single agent responsiblefor promoting and selling tickets and packages. The system for appointing distributing agents in the European Community was always based on the principle of exclusivity.
Dette gælder især reglen om, at "den, der kommer først til mølle, får først malet", og at salget af billetter ikke måtte gøres betinget af transport- eller hotelydelser.
The agent was given amonopoly over ticket distribution for the territory concerned. Such an exclusive distribution systemcontravenes the Community competition rules.
Med hensyn til gennemsigtigheden i betingelserne for de nationale olympiske komitéers udvælgelse af agenterne, valgte de fleste komitéer at udvælge agenterne ved udbud, således at udvælgelsen skete efter objektive kriterier og uden forskelsbehandling.
It amounts to a strict partitioning of the domesticmarkets of the Member States of the European Community inasmuch as a consumer or travel agentin one Member State was prevented from obtaining tickets in another Member State and the agentappointed in a Member State undertook not to sell tickets outside that Member State.
I september 1994 indledte Kommissionen en undersøgelse af den aftalepraksis, der blev anvendt af AC Nielsen Company ("Nielsen"), efter at have modtaget en klage fra Information Resources Inc. ("IRI").
In September 1994 the Commission launched an investigation into the contractual practices of ACNielsen Company ("Nielsen") following a complaint from Information Resources Inc. ("IRI").
IRI fremførte i sin klage, at Nielsen misbrugte sin dominerende stilling på de europæiske markeder for tracking (løbende salgsregistrering i detailhandelen) for at forhindre konkurrencen fra IRI.
In thecomplaint IRI contended that Nielsen was abusing its dominant position in the European markets forretail tracking services in order to prevent IRI from establishing a competitive presence there.
Tracking består i at indhente og behandle oplysninger om den faktiske afsætning, priser, salgsfremstød og andre markedsoplysninger med henblik på at analysere, hvorledes bestemte produkter klarer sig i en given periode.
Retail tracking services (also referred to as "sales" or "market tracking" services) consist in thegathering and processing of information on actual product sales, prices, promotions and other marketdata for the purpose of analysing the performance of specific products in a given period of time.
Traditionelt set er disse markedsoplysninger blevet indhentet manuelt, idet ansatte i tracking-selskabet med mellemrum besøgte detailforretninger og talte antallet af varer.
Thesemarket data used to be obtained manually: the employees of the retail tracking company periodicallyvisited retail outlets and counted the number of goods.
Indførelsen af stregkodelæsere (de elektroniske apparater, der scanner varerne ved kassediskene i mange detailbutikker) betød en vigtig teknologisk ændring i tracking-industrien.
The introduction of scanners (the electronicdevices that scan purchases at the checkout counters of many retail outlets) represented a majortechnological change in the retail tracking industry.
Med disse stregkodelæsere kan de fleste oplysninger nu indhentes elektronisk.
With these scanners the gathering of most of thedata can be now done electronically.
Nielsen, der har hjemsted i USA, er verdens førende leverandør af tracking-ydelser.
Nielsen, a US-based company, is the world's leading provider of retail tracking services.
Selskabet udøver virksomhed i mere end 80 lande og havde i 1995 en omsætning på 1.3 mia. USD på verdensplan.
It is presentin more than 80 countries and its worldwide turnover in 1995 was USD 1.3 billion.
IRI, der også er hjemmehørende i USA, er verdens næststørste leverandør af trackingydelser og lancerede sin første scannerbaserede tracking-service i 1986.
IRI, also a US-based company, is the world's second largest retail tracking services provider which launched itsfirst scanner-based retail tracking service in 1986.
Herved overtog selskabet en stor andel af det amerikanske marked fra Nielsen, og det begyndte at ekspandere til flere andre lande, herunder de største europæiske.
This allowed it to gain a large share of the USmarket from Nielsen and to start expanding into several other countries, including the major European
Den 7. maj 1996 indledte Kommissionen en formel procedure over for Nielsen og sendte en klagepunktsmeddelelse for overtrædelse af traktatens artikel 86.
On 7 May 1996 the Commission opened a formal procedure against Nielsen by sending it a statementof objections for infringement of Article 86 of the Treaty.
I klagepunktsmeddelelsen blev det fastslået, at det relevante produktmarked i denne sag var markedet for trackingydelser for hurtigt omsættelige forbrugsvarer, og at dette marked var nationalt. Det blev konkluderet, at Nielsen indtog en dominerende stilling på de fleste nationale markeder for trackingydelser i Europa.
The statement of objections considered that the relevant product market in this case was the marketfor retail tracking services for fast-moving consumer goods and that this market was national in scope.It concluded that Nielsen held a dominant position in most European national markets for retailtracking services.
De vigtigste klagepunkter i meddelelsen vedrørte følgende:
The main objections communicated to Nielsen concerned the following practices:
Med hensyn til Nielsens kontrakter om køb af data fra detailhandlerne, havde selskabet indgået eksklusivitetsaftaler i Østrig, der forhindrede konkurrenterne i at indhente relevante oplysninger og dermed i at komme ind på dette marked.
With regard to its contracts to purchase data from retailers, Nielsen had concluded exclusivitycontracts in Austria which impeded any competitor from obtaining relevant data there and thusfrom entering that market.
Selskabet havde desuden indgået aftaler i andre lande om, at oplysningerne ikke måtte sælges til tredjemand på mere favorable vilkår end dem, der blev tilbudt Nielsen.
It had also concluded contracts in other countries stipulating that datashould not be sold to third parties at more favourable prices that those offered to Nielsen.Thisallowed Nielsen to raise barriers to entry into specific markets by raising the price to be paid toretailers.
Dette gav Nielsen mulighed for at skabe hindringer for adgangen til bestemte markeder ved at hæve den pris, der skulle betales til detailhandlerne.
This undertaking satisfied the Commission that in future Nielsen would not be in breach of Article 86of the Treaty.
Med hensyn til salget af ydelser til multinationale kunder havde Nielsen indgået kontrakter med væsentlige rabatter, mod at kunderne forpligtede sig til at anvende Nielsens ydelser i en lang
In relation to retailers, Nielsen undertakes not to conclude exclusivity contracts or contractsincluding any restriction on the retailer's freedom to supply data to any retail tracking servicesprovider.
Denne foranstaltning suppleres med et forbud mod bestemte typer rabatter.
APPLICATION OF COMPETITION RULES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
I betragtning af at dette dynamiske marked er i konstant udvikling, gælder tilsagnet kun i tre år.
In view of the dynamic and evolving nature of this market, the present undertaking remains in placeonly for three years.
Nielsen vil forelægge Kommissionen periodiske rapporter, således at den kan føre tilsyn med, at tilsagnet efterkommes.
Nielsen will submit periodic reports to the Commission to allow it to monitor itsenforcement.
Det skal bemærkes, at det amerikanske justitsministerium (Antitrust Division) også undersøgte Nielsens aftalepraksis.
It should be noted that the Antitrust Division of the US Department of Justice was also investigating Nielsen's contractual practices.
Da de fleste af overtrædelserne fandt sted i Europa, påtog Kommissionen sig dog undersøgelserne, der blev gennemført i nært samarbejde med justitsministeriet, herunder udveksling af fortrolige oplysninger med parternes samtykke.
As most of the alleged abuses took place in Europe, the Commissiontook the lead in investigating them. This was done in close cooperation with the Department of Justice,which included exchanges of confidential information with the consent of the parties.
I betragtning af resultaterne på den europæiske side besluttede det amerikanske justitsministerium også at indstille sin undersøgelse.
In view of theresults achieved on the European side, the US Department of Justice decided also to close itsinvestigation.
A C Nielsens tilsagn
Undertaking from AC Nielsen
Indledning AC Nielsen forpligter sig til i god tro at opfylde de betingelser, der er fastsat i dette tilsagn.
Introduction AC Nielsen undertakes in good faith to carry out the obligations set out in this Undertaking.
Formålet med dette tilsagn, der gælder hvor selskabets adfærd omfatter mindst et land indenfor Det Europæiske Okonomiske Samarbejdsområde (EØS), er at bistå Europa-Kommissionen med at sikre, at EF-traktatens artikel 86 og EOS-aftalens artikel 54 ikke overtrædes.
Thepurpose of this Undertaking, which applies to conduct involving at least one country within the European Economic Area (the "EEA"), is to assist the Commission of the European Communities ("the Commission") in satisfying itself that Article 86 of the EC Treaty and Article 54 of the EEA Agreementare not infringed.
Definitioner 2.1 "Detailinformation": oplysninger om produktbevægelser, herunder oplysninger om salg, priser og produktbeskrivelse vedrorende hurtigt omsættelige forbrugsvarer, som indsamles gennem scanningudstyr i butikkerne, butiksrevisioner, salg fra lagerhuse, observationer i butikkerne eller tilsvarende metoder.
Definitions2.1 "Retail information" means data on product movement, including information such as sales, priceand product description, along with related causal data, relating to the movement or sale at retaillevel of fast moving consumer goods collected through in-store scanning equipment, store audits,warehouse withdrawal data, in-store observation or any similar methodology.
2.3 "Kunde ": enhver person, der sammen med sine datterselskaber eller søger at få leveret tracking-ydelser.
2.3 "Customer" means any person, collectively including its subsidiaries, affiliates and related entities,obtaining or seeking to obtain Retail tracking services.
2.4 "Multinational kunde": enhver person, der sammen med sine datterselskaber og selskaber, indhenter eller søger at indhente et enkelt tilbud på levering af trackingydelser et land.
2.4 "Multinational customer" means any person, collectively including its subsidiaries, affiliates andrelated entities, obtaining or seeking a single offer related to the provision of Retail tracking servicesin more than one country.