natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
3 - ret til at kræve, at indsigelsen mod de dokumenter, der kan rejses indsigelse mod ifølge de love, som de kontrollerer overholdelsen af, faktisk finder sted inden for en nærmere fastsat frist eller uden fr ist.
c) demand production, for verification on site, of any books, registers, documents, disks, tapes or any other type of information support containing social security data, recording and maintenance of which are compulsory under the legislation under the Inspectorate's jurisdiction, and to take extracts, duplicates, prints, listings, copies or photocopies, or require the latter to be provided free of charge by the employer or his représentât ive(s) or to seize information in any form against receipt.
Oplysninger, der modtages fra arbejdstilsynene i de øvrige ILO-lande, anvendes pá samme betingelser som lignende oplysninger, der indsamles direkte af arbejdsinspektørerne.
d) take and remove samples of any worked or finished substances or stored, handled or used products or substances for the purposes of analysis or as evidence of infringement, provided that the holders of the materials, products or substances, and the employer and/or his representatives are notified.
DEN ADMINISTRATIVE OG RETLIGE ORDNING FOR ARBEJDSTILSYNETS ARBEJDE
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LABOUR INSPECTORATE ACTIVITIES IN DENMARK
ArbejdsmiIjøradet
National institutions
Bedr i ftssundhedstjeneste
. the trade safety councils
Juridisk ramme 1.2.1.
Legal framework 1.2.1.
Udarbejdelse og vedtagelse af lovgivningen 1.2.3.
Passing and amending legislation 1.2.3.
Retskilder vedrørende sikkerhed og sundhed
Sources of health and safety legislation 1.2.3.1.
Udarbejdelse af lovene Udarbejdeise af bekendtgørelserne De øvrige retskilder
Other sources of reference
Påbud
Injunction
Anke til landsretten
Appeals and cassation
Andre retslige midler, som arbejdsinspektøren ràder over
Other legal instruments available to the Labour Inspection
Den retslige ordning for Arbejdstilsynet
Legal framework
DEN ADMINISTRATIVE OG RETLIGE ORDNING FOR ARBEJDSTILSYNETS ARBEJDE 1
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LABOUR INSPECTORATE ACTIVITIES IN DENMARK
(Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet) og 14 lokale tilsyns- kredse.
The Danish Labour Inspection Service (AT) consists of a central directorate, the Institute of Occupational Health (Working Environment Institute) and 14 regional departments.
Disse kredse ledes af kredschefer og inspektører, antallet af medarbejdere fastsættes i forhold til omfanget af tilsynsarbejdet med den erhvervsaktive befolkning i hver enkelt kreds.
These are run by district heads with assistants and inspectors who vary in number according to the size of the active population in each sector.
Arbejdsministeriet og bidrager til at fastsætte, udarbejde og gennemføre de i lovgivningen om arbejdsmiljø fastsatte målsætninger for sikkerhed og sundhed pá arbejdspladsen (lov nr. 681 af 23.
The Labour Inspection Service comes under the Ministry of Labour and is responsible for defining, promoting and realising the occupational health and safety objectives of the Working Environment Act (Act No 681 of 23 December 1975).
Rådet har forbindelse til opgave.
The Working Environment Council
Ved ministerielle bekendtgørelser er der oprettet 12 paritære branche sikkerhedsråd. Disse branchesikkerhedsråd omfatter de vigtigste erhvervsgrene og har for hver enkelt erhvervsgren til opgave:
This body, which represents the two sides of industry, plays a central part in the interpretation of the Working Environment Act and is responsible for:
- at informere og rådgive om anvendelsen af de gældende bestemmelser vedrørende sikkerehd og sundhed, at fastsætte og undersøge mulige forbedringer af arbejdsvilkårene og afgive henstillinger til ArbejdsmiIJøradet, at behandle de vanskeligheder, som virksomhederne støder på inden for arbejdsmiljø og bidrage til at løse disse,
- supervising and analysing work so that measures can be adopted to ensure safety and health, - contributing to legislation on health and safety matters, - giving its opinion on bills and draft regulations, - giving its opinion to the Minister of Labour on appeals against administrative decisions taken by the Labour Inspection Service before these are taken to the Minister, - monitoring the work of the trade safety councils.
- at deltage i udarbejdelsen af særlige bestemmelser for hver enkelt erhvervsgren.
The Working Environment Fund is responsible to the Working Environment Council.
Det forebyggende arbejde bygger på et samarbejde mellem de økonomiske og sociale parter for at virkeliggøre denne målsætning.
The Working Environment Fund is managed by a board appointed by the Working Environment Council and chaired by the Director of the Labour Inspection Service.
Denne lov bygger pà en permanent målsætning (lovens præambel) om at skabe sådanne arbejdsvilkår, at arbejdstagernes sundhed hverken pá kort sigt trues af arbejdsulykker eller på langt sigt af fysiske og psykiske sygdomme. Ved rammeloven tilstræbes (artikel 1) at skabe:
It promotes information, education and research into health and safety and is funded through contributions from private undertakings and employers in the public sector.
UDARBEJDELSE OG VEDTAGELSE AF LOVGIVNINGEN
The trade safety councils
Ved bekendtgørelser og andre forskrifter fastsættes for de vigtigste erhvervsgrene de obligatoriske bestemmelser, der skal gennemføres vedrørende sikkerhed og sundhed.
Twelve joint trede safety councils have been set up bv decision of the Ministry of Labour in the main sectors of activity. Their job in each sector is:
Loven af 1975 giver arbejdsministeren en generel kompetence til at udstede bestemmelser, der svarer til de principper for forebyggelse, der fastsættes i denne lov.
- to provide information and advice on the application of the health and safety regulations in force, - to note and examine improvements which could be made in working conditions and make recommendations to the Working Environment Council, - to find out what difficulties undertakings are encountering in connection with the working environment and help them find solutions, - to assist in the drawing up of regulations specific to each sector of activity.
RETSKILDER VEDRØRENDE SIKKERHED OG SUNDHED
The Health and Safety Committee
Den ovenfornævnte lov er den første retskilde i Danmark vedrørende sikkerhed og sundhed.
In order to avoid occupational accidents and diseases there is a health and safety committee responsible for ensuring the health and safety of employees.
Ved denne lov gennemføres oftest pá initiativ af regeringen de EF-direktiver, der kræver tilpasninger af den danske lovgivning.
The Committee is organised in such a way that it will gradually be able to include as many sectors of activity as possible.
Med hensyn til arbejdsvilkårene deltager Arbejdstilsynet og Arbejdsmiljø- rådet aktivt i udarbejdelsen af lovgivningen.
It is financed by the undertakings and through a State operating subsidy.
Det henhører under arbejdsministerens kompetence i samarbejde med
It assists undertakings in accordance with the principle in the Act that health and safety must be ensured by the undertakings themselves.
ArbejdsmiIjøradet, der foreslår arbejdsministeren ændringer i de tekster, der forelægges for Parlamentet.
Each undertaking with over ten employees must also have a safety committee.
Udarbejdelse af lovene
Legal framework
Ethvert lovudkast forelægges skriftligt af arbejdsministeren for Folke tinget. Udkastet behandles derpå af Arbejdsmarkedsudvalget, der består af 17 folketingsmedlemmer.
The Working Environment Act of 23 December 1979 lays down the functions and responsibilities of the institutions, authorities and persons responsible for the working environment in all sectors except domestic work and the armed forces.
Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet bistår ministeren og forbereder svarene til Arbejdsmarkedsudvalget.
The Act also defines the structure, responsibilities and powers of the Labour Inspection Service.
2f Arbejdsmarkedsudvalgets beretning for Folketinget, som danner grundlag for de politiske partiers drøftelser.
It shares responsibility for the railways, fishing, maritime transport and aviation (AT Communication 6-01-1 February 1989).
Arbejdsministeren kan fastsætte bekendtgørelser i henhold til loven om arbejdsmiljø.
The A < ~i-. m;kes it compulsory for work to be conducted in such a way that health and safety is guaranteed.
ArbejdsmiIjøradet, deltager i udarbejdelsen af bekendtgørelser.
This provision also covers domestic work and the armed forces.
Arbejdsmiljøradet til behandling (regeludvaiget). Forsædet og sekretariatsfunktionen varetages af
The obligation to produce results implies finding the means and establishing the sort of relationship between the two sides of industry which will ensure that health and safety problems at work are solved and working conditions in undertakings improved.
Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet. Alle lovtekster forelægges derpå for
The Act is based on the idea that all sides will cooperate to achieve this objective.
ArbejdsmiIjørådets plenarforsamling, før de overgives til ministerens afgørelse.
The framework for health and safety at work is the Working Environment Act of 23 December 1975 which has been in application since 1 July 1977.
De bekendtgørelser, som arbejdsministeren vedtager, er af generel karakter; de bekendtgørelser, som vedtages af direktøren for Arbejdstilsynet efter bemyndigelse fra ministeren, vedrører især særlige arbejdsnormer for bestemte erhvervsaktiviteter. Bekendtgørelserne indeholder sanktionsmuligheder, såfremt bestemmelserne ikke overholdes (bødestraf og fængselsstraf).
Its objective (preamble to the Act) is to ensure that working conditions are such that workers will not be subject, in the short term, to accidents or diseases or, in the long term, to physical and psychological problems.
De øvrige retskilder
The aim is (Article 1):
Andre tekster, der ikke har lovgivningsmæssig karakter, udgør grundlaget for den generelle eller tekniske juridiske referenceramme med hensyn til sikkerhed og sundhed. Der er især tale om følgende former for tekster:
- to create a safe and sound working environment which shall at any time be in accordance with economic and social developments, - to create the legal basis to enable the undertakings themselves to solve problems relating to safety and health under the guidance of the employers' and workers' organisations, and under the guidance and supervision of the Labour Inspection Service.
"cirkulæreskrivelser" instrukser til arbejdsinspektørerne om administrationen af lovgivningen om arbejdsmiljø,
. the work shall be planned, organised and performed in such a way as to ensure safety and health (Article 38), . the place of work shall be in such a condition that it is safe and healthy (Article 42), . machines, machine parts, containers, prefabricated structures, tools and other technical equipment shall be designed and used in such a way that they are safe and without risk to health,
Arbejdstilsynets "meddelelser", der distribueres til samtlige parter inden for sikkerhed og sundhed pá arbejdspladsen, og som især har oplysende karakter.
. the methods and working processes involved in the production and use of substances and materials shall be such that employees are effectively protected from accidents and diseases.
RETLIGE MIDLER, SOM ARBEJDSTILSYNET RÅDER OVER
Passing and amending legislation
Arbejdstilsynet har til opgave at overvåge anvendelsen af loven om arbejds miljø og de bestemmelser, der er fastsat i denne lov (artikel 72, i lov nr.
The 1975 Act is the Danish framework law which lays down the objectives and the means of achieving them.
Med henblik på dette har Arbejdstilsynets inspektører beføjelser til:
Decrees and regulations lay down the health and safety rules to be respected and implemented.
- at indsamle og kræve oplysninger fra de personer, som er undergivet de af lovens bestemmelser, som Arbejdstilsynet har til opgave at kontrollere anvendelsen af,
Under the 1975 Act the Minister of Labour has overall responsibility for the issuing of rules in accordance with the health and safety principles laid down in the Act.
- at kræve udlevering af -dokumentation,
The Act is the main source of health and safety legislation in Denmark.
- at medtage prøver til nærmere analyse eller undersøgelse, at foretage fotografiske optagelser, at kræve at arbejdsgiveren tager initiativ til undersøgelser eller prøveudtagninger foretaget af eksperter.
It incorporates, usually at the initiative of the Government, any amendments required by EC Directives. The Act also translates into general terms agreements between the two sides of industry when such agreements indicate a need for amendment.
I henhold til artikel 77, stk. 1 og 2 i lov af 1975 kan Arbejdstilsynets inspektører ved en kontrol af arbejdsmiljøet pä en virksomhed:
The Labour Inspection Service and the Working Environment Council play an active part in the drawing up of legislation on working conditions.
- påbyde, at forhold, der strider imod loven eller regler eller afgørelser truffet under anvendelse af denne lov, bringes i orden straks eller inden for en nærmere fastsat frist, påbyde i tilfælde af overhængende, betydelig fare for de ansattes eller andres sikkerhed og sundhed at arbejdet indstilles, samt: at de tilstedeværende øjeblikkelig fjerner sig fra farezonen, at brugen af et redskab, eller af et stof, der indeholder farlige agenser, indstilles, at påbyde at arbejdet i øvrigt standses.
The Ministry of Labour, together with the Directorate of the Labour Inspection Service, is responsible for initiating and drafting legislation; this is submitted to the Working Environment Council which in its turn proposes to the Minister of Labour amendments to documents before Parliament.
Disse er i alt væsentligt inddelt i to forskellige kategorier, dels i form af forvaltningsakter, og dels i form af indledning af strafferetlig forfølgning (indledning af anklage).
After the first phase in the examination the Committee's report is submitted to Parliament and discussed by the parties. Any citizen may give an opinion on the bill to the Committee.
Påbuddet kan udstedes med øjeblikkelig virkning med pålæg om at indstille en bestemt produktion, ophøre med anvendelsen af en maskine, af et produkt eller af et stof samt on at de ansatte fjerner sig fra farezonen.
The decrees of the Minister of Labour are of general application: those of the Director of the Labour Inspection Service, on the authority of the Minister, are more concerned with specific industrial standards.
Fremgangsmåde
Other sources of reference
Påbud udstedes i forbindelse med arbejdsinspektørernes virksomhedsbesøg.
There are other non-legislative documents which can be used for reference in legal matters concerning general or technical aspects of health and safety: recommendations produced by the Ministry of Labour (Labour Inspection Service) giving technical advice so that undertakings can be sure that they are applying the law properly.
Påbuddene affattes skriftligt pá grundlag af inspektørens vurdering og iagttagelser ved anvendelse af en standardformular.
These recommendations are both specific and general.
Påbud med øjeblikkelig virkning udstedes ved en overhængende og alvorlig fare (alvorlig risiko).
circulars (instructions) on the implementation of the health and safety policy by the labour inspectors,
Udstedelsen af et påbud har ikke til følge, at Arbejdstilsynet ikke samtidig og som parallel foranstaltning kan indlede retsforfølgning (jf. 2.2).
Labour Inspection Service communications distributed to all health and safety workers for essentially educational purposes.
Administrativ klageadgang
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE LABOUR INSPECTORATE
Da de afgørelser, der træffes af arbejdsinspektøren som led i denne procedure er af administrativ karakter, har den person påbuddet adresseres til administrativ klageadgang.
The Labour Tpspection Service is responsi ble for monitoring the application of the Working Environment Act and its provisions (Article 72 Act No 681 of 23 December 1975).
Alle påbud kan inden for en frist på fire uger efter at afgørelsen er meddelt den pågældende indbringes for direktøren for Arbejdstilsynet
In order to do this, labour inspectors are empowered: to collect and ask for information from persons with duties under the Act, to obtain access to public and private places of work at all times with the assistance of the police if necessary, to call for documentation, to carry out tests, analyses or studies, to take photographs, to require the employer to have examinations or tests carried out by experts.
Ved en klage ad den hierakiske vej ophæves arbejdsinspektørens eller kredschefens afgørelse, medmindre der er påbudt standsning af arbejdet på grund af en overhængende betydelig fare (artikel 77 i lov af 23. december
In accordance with Article 77 (1)(2) of the 1975 Act, labour inspectors may, while carrying out an inspection: direct that conditions in contravention of the act or of the regulations or decisions taken in application of that Act be remedied either immediately or within a specified period, direct that, in order to avert an imminent serious risk to the health or safety of the employees or other persons, work be discontinued and ensure that: those present leave the danger zone immediately, the use of technical facilities or dangerous substances is discontinued, work as such is discontinued.
Behandlingen af klagen foretages af Arbejdstilsynets administration. Denne kan indlede undersøgelser.
These fall into two main categories: administrative action and criminal action.
Den person, påbuddet er udstedt imod, råder over en sidste klageadgang, når alle administrative veje er udtømte, ved at indbringe sagen for ombuds­manden.
This is the legal means by which the Labour Inspection Service may, after assessing and identifying a hazard, take the steps necessary, under the Working Environment Act, to ensure health and safety at work.
Der tages i almindelighed hensyn til ombudsmandens afgørelser, selv om disse ikke er bindende (ombudsmanden kan ikke ændre eller ophæve en afministrativ afgørelse). Administrationen kan derimod pá eget initiativ ændre en afgørelse pá baggrund af ombudsmandens udtalelse.
The injuction may have immediate effect and stop production, or the use of a machine or substance and the removal of employers from a danger zone, or it may give a time limit for the undertaking to comply with the Act and the measures taken in application of it.
l denne forbindelse kan administrative afgørelser truffet af Arbejds­tilsynet eller af arbejdsministeren blive gjort til genstand for en "anerkende Isesprocedure" ved underretten (prøvelse af alle faktiske og retlige forhold, der er anvendt af administrationen). Underrettens dom kan ankes som andre civile søgsmål til en højere instans (jf. TD5).
The injunction gives: a detailed description of the shortcomings of the undertaking and the measures to be taken to remedy these, the health and safety level which the undertaking must ensure, a reference to the rules (acts, regulations, etc.) justifying the injuction in terms of the facts observed, the deadline for applying the injunction, the deadline by which the undertaking must inform the Labour Inspection Service of measures taken to comply with the injunction.
Denne procedure kan indledes af enhver person, der har en væsentlig og individuel interesse heri.
The injunction with immediate effect is used if there is an imminent and serious danger.
Den anklagede kan derpå over for den almindelige domstol hævde, at administrationens afgørelse er ulovI ig.
It does not preclude the Labour Inspectorate from also taking criminal action (cf. 2.2).
Fremgangsmåden bestemmes især af den retsundergivnes objektive eller subjektive ansvar.
The injunction is served with respect to one particular misdemeanour.
Arbejdsinspektørerne konstaterer overtrædelserne som led i deres kontrol­arbejde.
The injunction is an act of coercion on the part of the authorities, the legal objective being to ensure the application of laws and regulations covering the health and safety of employees.
Overtrædelser, der kan give anledning til retsforfølgning, består i manglende overholdelse af loven og gældende bestemmelser samt manglende efterkommeise af de krav (påbud), Arbejdstilsynet har udstedt.
The administrative procedure used in this context by the Labour Inspection Service provides those affected with an administrative means of appeal.
Afbrydelse af retssagen
Via the official channels
Anklagemyndigheden (politiadvokaten) har mulighed for at foreslå den anklagede, at retssagen afbrydes ved at fastsætte en bødestraf med frigørende virkning (bødeforlæg), bøden skal betales inden for en frist på mellem 10 og 20 dage.
Appeals may be made against all injunctions, within four weeks of the date on which they were issued, to the Directorate of the Labour Inspection Service.
Anklagemyndigheden fastsætter bødens størrelse.
(Article 81(1) of the Act of 23 December 1975).
Anklagemyndigheden tager i denne forbindelse hensyn til overtrædelsens karakter og alvor og til de generelle retningslinjer, som statsadvokaten udsteder.
Appeals may be made by any person concerned, i.e. the employer, representatives of the safety group or committee of the undertaking, the trade union or a worker in the undertaking.
Betaling af bødeforlægget medfører indstilling af retsforfølgning uden at cer er afsagt dom.
There are no statutory time limits for the decision of the Director of the Labour Inspection Service.
Sagen indbringes derpå for den -etskrecs pa hvis område den pågældende overtrædelse er begået, eller fer den retskreds, som virksomheden henhorer under.
An ^pp«?·.1. ioainst the decision of the D'.rect.or of the Labour Inspection Service may be made by the head of the undertaking to the Minister of
De almindelige danske domstole er placeret pá tre forskellige niveauer:
The Ombudsman may take the matter up himself or be asked t.o do so by any citizen or organisation.
- byretter landsretter højesteret
The authorities may amend a decision of their own accord on the basis of the Ombudsman's opinion.
Byretten
Legal safeguards
Første retsinstans, hvis kompetence ratjo loci omfatter de vigtigste byer og byområder (i alt 84).
Under the Danish constitution (Article 63) administrative measures are subject to common law.
Den næsthøjeste retsinstans, der i første instans afsiger domme i alvorlige fororydelssr (sammensat af et nævningeting) og fungerer som appelinstans for domrre afsagt af byretten.
Application of this provision is in fact limited because administrative decisions not implemented are subject to criminal action at the initiative of the Labour Inspection Service (cf. 2.2.).
Der findes i Danmark to landsretter (østre landsret zz vestre landsret).
The accused may then assert under common law that the decision of the authorities is illegal.
Højesteret
Criminal action
Højesteretten er den øverste domsmyndighed i Danmark, den træffer lovmæssige afgørelser og tager ikke stilling til spørgsmålet om den anklagedes skyld i straffesager.
Under the Working Environment Act, any person or undertaking not complying with this Act, with regulations pursuant to the Act or with Labour Inspection Service injunctions may be liable to a fine or imprisonment.
De almindelige danske domsmyndigheder pådømmer ud over deres kompetence i straffesager ligeledes civile sager og forvaltningsakter.
The procedure is based on the concept of objective or subjective liability.
De kan endvidere pådømme Arbejdstilsynets afgørelser (jf. 2.1.1.3).
The reports of the labour inspectors are used by the judge to assess the validity of the evidence and the extent of noncompliance with the laws and regulations.
Retsforfølgning af personer
Inspection reports and the lodging of a complaint
I loven af 23. december 1975 fastsættes der forpligteiser med hensyn til sikkerhed og sundhed for adskillige kategorier af retsundergivne personer, som arbejdsgiveren, virksomhedslederen, arbejdstageren, leverandøren samt bygherren.
Reports are made by the labour inspectors as part of their supervisory work. The kind of infringements likely to result in prosecution are non compliance with the laws and regulations without prior prescription and noncompliance with the demands (injunctions) of the Labour Inspection Service.