natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Inden for nogle fagområder afslut­tes studierne med en statseksamen (Staatsprüfung), for hvilken staten fastsætter den ønskede standard.
In some subjects, studies end with a Staatsprüfung (State examination), i.e. an examination for which the State lays down the required standards, e.g. doctors, veterinarians, dentists, teach­ers, lawyers, pharmacists and food chemists.
Det gælder bl.a. for uddannelse af følgen­de faggrupper: læger, dyrlæger, tand­læger, lærere, jurister, farmaceuter og levnedsmiddelsvidenskabelige kandi­dater.
State examinations are ad­ministered by a State examining board, part of which is comprised of higher education teaching staff.
Ved universiteter og hermed lige­stillede videregående uddannelsesin­stitutioner med ret til at tildele grader ( Technische Hochschulen/Universitäten, Pädagogische Hochschulen og Gesamthochschulen) findes der post­graduate studier efter Staatsexamen, Diplom- og Magisterprüfung, og disse afsluttes med Promotion (Doktor­grad).
At universities and equivalent insti­tutions of higher education with the right to confer doctorates (technical colleges/universities, colleges of edu­cation, and Gesamthochschulen) stu­dies can be continued after the Staatsexamen, the Diplomprüfung, or the Magisterprüfung with postgraduate studies which lead to the Promotion (doctoral degree).
Promotion forudsætter, at de studerende har opnået et særligt godt resultat ved eksaminerne til den første grad.
The Promotion re­quires students to have obtained a particularly good qualification in their first degree examinations.
Bortset fra medicin- og kemistu­derende er det kun relativt få studeren­de i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland, der ønsker at tage doktorgraden, efter at de har opnået den grad, der er nødvendig for udøvelsen af deres fremtidige erhverv.
Apart from students studying medicine and chem­istry only a relatively small number of students in the Federal Republic of Germany go on to study for a docto­rate after acquiring the degree necess­ary for their future occupation.
Doktorgraden er­hverves på grundlag af en selvstændigt udarbejdet doktorafhandling, til hvil­ken der som regel bruges to til fire år efter den første grad, samt en mundt­lig eksamen.
The doctorate ist obtained on the basis of an independently written doctoral the­sis, for which, as a rule, two to four years of study after the first degree and an oral examination are needed.
Doktoranden skal i reg­len have studeret ved den pågældende videregående uddannelsesinstitution i to semestre.
As a rule, a doctoral candidate must have studied at least two semesters at the institution in question.
Fakultetet ved den pågæl­dende institution afgør, hvorvidt en i udlandet erhvervet akademisk grad opfylder kravene for adgang til Pro motion.
The de­partment of the university in question (i.e. Fakultät) decides whether an academic degree taken abroad is suffi­cient for acceptance as a doctoral can­didate.
Alle spørgsmål i forbindelse med erhvervelse af doktorgraden be­handles i Promotionsordnung ved det pågældende Fakultät eller Fachbereich (institut).
Questions concerning taking a doctorate are dealt with by the Promotionsordnung of the relevant Fakultät or Fachbereich (department).
Lovgivningen giver de videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner ret til selv at afholde eksaminer, der fører til erhver­velsen af grader, og hvoraf de vigtigste er Dip/omeksaminer, M < 2g7stereksaminer og Do & roreksaminer.
Higher education institutions are authorized by law to administer exam­inations leading to higher education degrees. The most important are the Diplom, Magister and Doktor.
Almindelig­vis bliver Diplomgraden tildelt inden for ingeniørområdet, økonomi, sam­fundsvidenskab og naturvidenskab.
Gener­ally Diplom degrees are granted in engineering, economics, social sciences and natural sciences.
Ved D;p/owuddannelsen lægges der vægt på ét fag.
In Diplom courses, emphasis is placed on one subject.
MÆg/sfereksaminen kan især aflæg­ges i sprog- og kulturfag, undertiden
Particularly in modern languages and cultural studies, sometimes also in social sciences and economics, courses are offered which lead to the Magister
De fagområder, der tilbydes ved Fachhochschulen svarer stort set til dem, der tilbydes af universiteter og
The subjects offered at Fachhochschulen correspond in part to those at universities and other higher edu­cation institutions. Studies there, how-
89 andre videregående uddannelsesinstit­utioner. Studierne ved Fachhochschulen adskiller sig imidlertid fra universi­tetsstudier ved, at de er mere praktisk orienterede, den kortere studietid samt - i visse delstater - ved, at der indgår yderligere praktiksemestre i studiet.
95 ever, differ from university studies in that they are more strongly prac­tice-oriented, the duration of studies is shorter, and in some States there are additional practical training semesters incorporated into the course of study.
Studierne afsluttes med en afsluttende eksamen eller gradeksamen.
Studies end with a final or degree examination.
Diplom graden med tilføjelsen »FH« (Fachhochschule) tildeles efter beståelse af denne eksamen.
The Diplom with the adjunct 'FH' (Fachhochschule) is awarded after this examination has been passed.
Der er en oversigt over de tilbudte studiefag i Studien- und Berufswahl 1988-89, s. 212 (se Bibliografi).
An overview of the subjects on offer can be found in Stu dien- und Berufswahl 1988/89, (see bibliography).
Nærmere oplys­ninger om studieprogrammer, der måtte være af interesse for studerende fra Den Tredje Verden, findes i en publikation udgivet af Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (se Bibliografi).
More detailed informa­tion about courses which may be of interest to Third World students is given in a publication of the Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (see bibliography).
Herudover vil der over de næste par år i stigende grad blive etableret kan­didatkurser ved særlige kandidatud­dannelsesinstitutioner ( Graduiertenkollegs) og -kurser.
Moreover, graduate courses are to be increasingly established at special graduate colleges (Graduiertenkollegs) and graduate courses over the next few years.
Graduiertenkollegs er institutter, der hører under de videregående uddannelsesinstitutio­ner, og som har til formål at fremme forskning og støtte unge videnskabeli­ge/akademiske kandidater (postgra­duate kandidater) i emneafgrænsede forskningsgrupper.
The graduate colleges are institutes belonging to institutions of higher education aimed to promote research and young scientificacademic graduates (doctorate candi­dates) in thematically defined research groups.
Modsat oven­nævnte uddannelser er kandidatkurser korte kurser (fra weekendkurser til kurser af 23 ugers varighed), der også tjener til en intensiv videnskabelig/ akademisk udveksling af ideer mellem postgraduate kandidater og universi­tetslærere og professorer inden for et emneafgrænset område.
By contrast, graduate courses are short courses (ranging from a weekend to two to three weeks) also serving an intensive scientific-aca­demic exchange of ideas between doc­torate candidates and higher educa­tion lecturers and professors on a the­matically limited research field.
Mange videregående uddannelsesin­stitutioner tilbyder postgraduate vide­re- og efteruddannelsesprogrammer (kandidatstudier) i enkeltfag. Disse kandidatstudieprogrammer kan give erhvervskompetence eller tjene til spe­cialisering eller fordybelse i grundstu­diefaget.
Numerous institutions of higher education offer postgraduate, supple­mentary and complementary pro­grammes (graduate studies) in individ­ual subjects.
Formen for kvittering for vel­lykket deltagelse går lige fra bevis for suppleringseksaminer for lærere til akademiske grader (Diplom, Magister, Lizentiat).
The form of certification for successful participa­tion ranges from certificates of supple­mentary examinations in the field of teacher training to academic degrees (Diplom, Magister, Lizentiat).
En akademisk grad kan kun erhverves i en del (40%) af denne type studieprogrammer.
A high­er education degree may only be gained in a part (40 %) of the further training range of study courses.
Således kan tyske og udenlandske jurakandidater ved Saarland Universitet erhverve et europæisk bevis for et 1-årigt studie­program i europæisk integration og efter yderligere seks måneders studier opnå en Magistergrad i europæisk ret.
Thus, for example, at the University of the Saarland German and foreign law graduates may gain a European Certi­ficate in a one-year course on Euro­pean Integration, and with a further six months may gain a Magister in European Law.
Antallet af universiteter, der tilby­der postgraduate studieprogrammer for udenlandske studerende, er nu ste­get til 16. Andre eksempler på kandi­datstudieprogrammer med et interna­tionalt islæt er studieprogrammerne i internationale økonomiske relationer ved Mannheim Universitet og Kon­
At present the number of universities that offer postgraduate courses for foreign law graduates has grown to 16.
Adgang og indskrivning
I Admission and registration
Studerende, der ønsker at påbegynde et studium i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland bør — inden de forlader deres hjemland — indhente alle nød­vendige oplysninger for at undgå de vanskeligheder, der måtte opstå på et senere tidspunkt i deres studieforløb.
Students wishing to take up a course of study in the Federal Republic of Germany should, before leaving their home countries, acquire all necessary information.
Oplysninger om studieforhold i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland kan fås ved henvendelse til Forbunds­republikkens ambassader i udlandet, DAAD's kontorer i udlandet eller dets hovedkontor i Bonn, Goethe-Institut­terne i udlandet og Akademisches Aus landsamt eller studiesekretariatet ved den videregående uddannelsesinsti­tution, som den studerende ønsker at studere ved (adresser, se Bilag).
Federal Republic of Germany can be obtained from the German diplomatic missions abroad, the branch offices of the DAAD or the DAAD central office in Bonn, the Goethe Institutes abroad and the Akademisches Auslandsamt or the administrative office of the higher education institution at which the student wishes to study (for addresses see Appendix 1 ).
En minimumsforudsætning for at bli­ve optaget på en videregående uddan­nelse i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland er et afgangsbevis fra de øverste klas­ser på sekundærtrinnet, der påviser egnethed for videre studier. Ved opta­gelse af tyske ansøgere differentieres der mellem følgende typer adgangsek­saminer:
Entry requirements right to study at all higher educa­tion institutions without limita­tions in certain subjects or subject areas; (ii) the subject-related certificate of aptitude for higher education (Fachgebundene Hochschulreife), which confers the right to study the subjects listed in the certificate at universities and equivalent high­er education institutions as well as at the polytechnics (Fachhochschulen); (iii) The Fachoberschul-certiñcate oí aptitude for higher education (Fachhochschulreife) entitles the holder to study at Fachhochschulen and at the university-level Uni versitäts-Gesamthochschulen in North-Rhine Westphalia as well as at the Gesamthochschule in Kassel for the newly established diploma degree programmes with tempo­rally staged degrees.
Den almene og den fagrelaterede adgangsgivende eksamen opnås efter 13 års skolegang ved afslutningen af de øverste klasser af et Gymnasium eller et erhvervsrelateret kursus på samme niveau.
The general or subject-related certifi­cate of aptitude for higher education is awarded after 13 school years of pro­gress at the end of the upper second­ary stage of a Gymnsasium or of a vocationally-related training course at an upper secondary level, also leading to the general certificate of aptitude for higher education.
Abendgymnasien (af­tenundervisning på gymnasieniveau) for erhvervsaktive og Kollegs (institut­ter, der forbereder studerende til vide­regående uddannelser) samt eksami­ner, der fastslår særligt begavede erhvervsaktives egnethed for videregå­ende studier, udgør yderligere mulig­heder for at opnå adgang til de videre­gående uddannelser.
Upper secondary evening institutes (Abendgymnasien) for the employed and institutes pre­paring students for higher education (Kollegs) as well as examinations to determine the aptitude for higher edu­cation of particularly-gifted employed persons represent additional possibili­ties for gaining the general certificate of aptitude for higher education. The certificate of aptitude for Fachhoch-sc¿?H/-studies is usually awarded after
Fachhochschulreife tildeles normalt efter 12 års sammenhængende skolegang og opnås sædvanligvis på en Fachoberschule.
The prerequisite for admission to higher education studies in the Federal Republic of Germany is basically achieved through a secondary schoolleaving certificate which estab­lishes aptitude for higher education.
Fachhochschulreife kan dog også op­nås ved at tage suppleringskursus ved Berufsfachschulen (specialiserede er­hvervsskoler) samt ved Fachschulen (tekniske skoler), se Diagram over ud­dannelsessystemet og Glossar i Bilag. I
For the admission of German appli­cants, a differentiation is made be­tween the following types of higher education admission prerequisites: (i) the general certificate of aptitude for higher education (Allgemeine Hochschulreife), which confers the
Derudover kræver mange Fachhochschulen yderligere do­kumentation for aflagt praktik, der er relevant for den valgte studieretning, og som er aflagt forud for optagelse.
Furthermore, some Fachhochschulen additionally require proof of a prelimi­nary practical related to the desired training area.
Alt afhængig af fagretningen varer en sådan praktikperiode mellem 6 uger og 12 måneder.
Depending on subject orientation, its duration may range from six weeks to 12 months.
Eksaminer fra EF-lande, der kun giver adgang til at studere særlige fag i det pågældende land, bliver som regel anerkendt som væren­de ligestillet med Fachgebundene Hochschulreife.
Secondary schoolleaving certificates from EC Member States which only entitle holders to university studies in certain subjects are as a rule recog­nized as equivalent to the German subject-related certificate of aptitude for higher education.
Som nævnt ovenfor vil der ofte ligeledes kræves aflagt en fagrelevant praktikperiode forud for optagelse på en uddannelse ved en Fachhochschule.
With regard to the precise degree of subject related limitation, foreign applicants are ad­vised to turn to the higher education institution at which they wish to take up their studies.
Studerende, der ansøger om opta­gelse ved Kunst- und Musikhochschulen (Kunst- og Musikhøjskoler), skal — ud over den adgangsgivende eksa­men — også forelægge dokumentation for kunstneriske evner.
At the colleges of art and music (Kunst- und Musikhochschulen) proof of artistic ability is required in ad­dition to the certificate of aptitude for higher education.
Ved disse kunststudier (dvs. kunststudier, der ikke afsluttes med undervisningskom­petence) er det også i de fleste delstater muligt at blive optaget uden en adgangsgivende eksamen, hvis man kan forelægge dokumentation for sær­lige kunstneriske evner.
In exclusively artis­tic degree courses, that means not those leading to a teaching qualifica­tion, studies are possible without the certificate of aptitude for higher edu­cation in most of the Länder if excep­tional artistic ability can be proven.
En anden undtagelse udgør den praktiske egnethedsprøve for adgang til idrætsstudier, som imidlertid ikke kræves af alle uddannelsesinstitutioner for ud­dannelser, der afsluttes med erhvervel­se af kompetence som idrætslærer eller idrætsforsker.
A further exception is formed by the sports-practical aptitude tests for the study of sport, which is, however, not required by all institutions of higher education for courses leading to qualification as a sports teacher or sports scientist.
Da fremgangsmåden i de enkelte delstater er forskellig, anbefales det indtrængende, at studerende forhører sig i god tid forud for studiestart på de Fachhochschulen, de ønsker at studere ved.
For foreign students applying to the Fachhochschule the following is in force: as a rule those are entitled to admission to a Fachhochschule whose certificate would also entitle the holder to admission to a course of study at a German university, techni­cal university/institution of higher education and Gesamthochschule.
Forud for optagelse til en kandi­datuddannelse i kunst og idræt skal såvel udlændinge som tyskere under visse omstændigheder aflægge en eg­nethedsprøve.
Frequently a subject-related prelimi­nary practical is also required as a requirement for a course of study at the Fachhochschulen, as mentioned above.
En forudsætning for at udenlandske ansøgere kan blive optaget ved Uni versitäten/Technische Universitäten/ Hochschulen, Pädagogische Hochschulen/Erziehungswissenschaftliche Hochschulen og Gesamthochschulen er, at de har en udenlandsk adgangsgi­vende eksamen, der er anerkendt som værende ligestillet med den tyske Hochschulreife.
Due to the different arrangements in each country, students are urgently advised to inquire in good time at the
Eksamensbeviser fra EF-medlems-lande, der i disse lande giver adgang til videregående uddannelser, bliver som
The requirements for the admission of foreign applicants to universities, technical universities/institutions of higher education, teacher training col­leges/colleges of education (Universitäten, Technische Universitäten/
Studenterhåndbog lifikationer (de karakterer, der er opnået ved den adgangsgivende eksa­men).
Prior to admission to degree courses in the arts or sport, foreigners, as well as Germans, must under certain circum­stances take an aptitude examination.
Endvidere kan der tages hensyn til særlige omstændigheder, der taler for optagelse af ansøgeren.
Students from EC countries must meet three requirements if they wish to study in the Federal Republic of Germany: 1.
til et universitetsstudium i deres hjemland eller for, at de faktisk er optaget ved en videregående uddannelsesinstitution i deres hjemland;
They must have a document prov­ing that their prior education en­titles them to study at a university in their home country or that they have actually been granted admis­sion.
For udenlandske ansøgere med en tysk adgangsgivende eksamen gælder der særlige regler.
If the number of foreign applicants is greater than the number of places available, a selection procedure has to be employed for the applicants.
Nærmere oplys­ninger herom findes i et informationspapir udgivet af Ze?ttralstelle für die Vergabe von Studienplätzen (ZV S) (Centralkontoret for Tildeling af Stu­diepladser), se Bibliografi.
The main criterion in this selection proce­dure is the applicant's qualification (the grades on the secondary school leaving certificate). Special circum­stances in favour of an applicant's being admitted can also be considered in the course of the selection proce­dure.
Ved visse studieretninger skal der — før studiet påbegyndes eller i semester­ferierne inden 3. semester — gennem­føres en praktikperiode (Praktikum).
In certain courses of study, a Praktikum (period of practical training) must be completed before beginning with studies or by the third semester on a regular basis in the periods between terms.
Ud over de adgangsbegrænsninger, der gælder for hele Forbundsrepublik­ken Tyskland, findes der ved de enkel­te videregående uddannelsesinstitutio­ner lokale adgangsbegrænsninger ved visse studieretninger.
In addition to these nationwide admission restrictions, there are local restrictions in a few other courses of study at individual higher education institutions.
Oplysninger her­om kan fås ved henvendelse til de enkelte videregående uddannelsesin­stitutioner.
Information on this can be obtained from the higher education institutions themselves.
Ved de fag, hvor der ikke er Numerus clausus, er der ingen særlig kvota for udenlandske studerende.
In some courses of study, which make up only a relatively small part of the overall number of courses offered, there are admission restrictions (numerus clausus) for German first-year students at all higher education insti­tutions in the Federal Republic of Ger­many.
Der er heller ikke kvoter for udlændinge fra bestemte lande, og derfor kan de vide­regående uddannelsesinstitutioner frit træffe afgørelse om optagelse af udlændinge inden for rammerne af de til rådighed værende studiepladser.
In these degree courses (cur­rently architecture, business adminis­tration, biology, forestry, home econ­omics and nutritional sciences, com­puter science, food chemistry, medi­cine, pharmacy, psychology, veterin­ary science and political economy
Ved visse studieretninger, der dog udgør en relativ lille del af det samlede antal tilbudte studier, er der adgangs­begrænsning (Numerus clausus) for tyske førsteårsstuderende ved alle videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland.
In those subjects in which there is no numerus clausus, there is no admission quota for foreign students.
Ved disse uddannelser (p.t. arkitektur, driftsøkonomi, biologi, forstviden­skab, husholdningslære og levneds­middelvidenskab, datalogi, levneds­middelkemi, lægevidenskab, farmaci, psykologi, dyrlægevidenskab og poli­tisk økonomi) er mellem 6 og 8% af pladserne afsat til udenlandske stude­rende.
There are no quotas for foreigners from specific countries, so that the higher education institutions are free to decide on the admission of foreign­ers within the limitations of available places.
Visse fagområder og studieretninger ved Fachhochschulen er ligeledes un­derlagt adgangsbegrænsning.
Some subjects or courses of study at Fachhochschulen are also subject to admission restrictions.
Dette gælder især ofte for tekniske og økonomiske studieretninger.
This is often the case for the technical and econ­omic subject orientations.
Som hovedregel skal udenlandske ansøgere sende deres ansøgning til den videregående uddannelsesinstitution, de ønsker at studere ved.
Agreements on reciprocal recognition or accreditation of periods of study, courses and examinations, exist be­tween the Federal Republic of Germa­ny and France (10 July 1980 and 27 October 1986) and with the Nether­lands (23 March 1980), as well as with the Republic of Austria (19 Jan­uary 1983).
Hovedkriteriet i denne ud­vælgelsesprocedure er ansøgerens kva­
Agreements with other countries, which are not members of the EC, are being prepared.
Aftaler om gensidig anerkendelse af eller meritgivning for studieperioder,
In case of doubt, recognition must be obtained from special offices in the state minis­tries for education and science or in offices indicated by them.
Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland
Entry examinations
Kompetencefordelingen i sager ved­rørende anerkendelse af og meritgivning for udenlandske eksaminer er som følger: 1. Anerkendelse af beviser for almene og erhvervsrettede skoleuddannel­ser (undtagen ved adgang til en videregående uddannelsesinstitu­tion) skal stiles til undervisnings­ministerierne (adresser, se Bilag).
Certificates from general edu­cation and vocational schools (ex­cept in the case of admission to higher education) should be pre­sented to the responsible ministries of education and cultural affairs (see addresses in Appendix 1).
Ansøgninger om optagelse til stu­dier ved en videregående uddan­nelsesinstitution (første semester) skal stiles til det universitet, eller den Fachhochschule, man gerne vil studere ved (til Akademisches Aus landsamt eller Studentensekretariat). at).
Application for admission to higher education studies (first se­mester) should be addressed to the university or Fachhochschule chosen (Akademisches Auslandsamt or Studentensekretariat).
Ansøgere fra EF-lande, der er i besid­delse af en eksamen, der giver adgang til videregående uddannelser i hjem­landet eller som allerede er blevet optaget ved en videregående uddan­nelsesinstitution i hjemlandet, vil som regel ikke blive underkastet en ad­gangsprøve.
Applicants from EC countries having a secondary school leaving certificate which entitles them to admission to higher education studies in their home country or who have already been admitted to a course of study at a university in their home country are, as a rule, not subject to an entry examination (Feststellungsprüfung).