natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I Siemens/Italtel gik Siemens og STET, som er holdingselskabet for de italienske tele operatører, herunder også Italtel, sammen i et joint venture, hvortil de overførte alle deres respektive teleudstyrsproduktionsselskaber. Denne fusion rejste en række problemer i relation til såvel horisontal som vertikal integration.
In Siemens/Italtel, Siemens and STET, the holding company for the Italian telecommunications operators, including Italtel, intended to contribute their respective telecommunications equipment manufacturing subsidiaries to a joint venture.
Horisontalt ville det nye joint venture få sin største markedsandel inden for koblingsudstyr, hvor parterne tilsammen sad på 50-60% af det italienske marked og på ca. 30% af den samlede omsætning i EU (inden for transmissionsudstyr var markedsandelene lavere). Vertikalt ville det delvis være ejet af sin største kunde.
Horizontally, the joint venture's highest market share occurred in switching equipment where the parties' combined share was 50-60% of the Italian market and around 30% of overall EU sales (combined shares in transmission equipment were lower).
Kommissionen godkendte dog det anmeldte joint venture under hensyn til:
In concluding that the proposed joint venture was compatible with the common market, the Commission took into account:
— at ny teknologi må antages at føre til gen nemgribende ændringer på telemarkederne
In addition, Endemol's position as the largest independent TV producer in the Netherlands would be strengthened by its participation in HMG.
— at standardisering og direktiverne om offentlige indkøb vil virke i retning af mere åbne nationale markeder
(iii) the further liberalization of telecommunications services and, in particular, of telecom munications infrastructure, which will lead to world markets for telecommunications equipment.
Kiepe er en veletableret og succesrig udbyder, der via sit samarbejde med den canadiske udbyder, Bombardier, også har spillet en vigtig rolle med hensyn til at åbne op for det tyske marked.
Kiepe is an established and successful supplier and played an important role in open ing up the German market through its cooperation with the Canadian firm Bombardier.
De tyske myndigheder havde anmodet om at få sagen henvist efter fusionsforordningens artikel 9.
The transaction was the subject of a request for referral by the German authorities under Article 9 of the Merger Regulation.
Selv om konkurrenceproblemerne var koncentreret om to produktmarkeder i Tyskland, havde den anmeldte fusion — der ville føre til etablering af verdens største udbyder af jernbanemateriel — imidlertid betydelige virkninger i hele Europa, og anmodningen blev derfor afvist.
Although the com petition problems were concentrated on two product markets in Germany, the proposed operation — which created the largest supplier of railway equipment in the world — had significant effects throughout Europe. The request for referral was thus refused.
I Orkla/Volvo blev fusionen godkendt på betingelse af, at Orklas bryggeri, Hansa, blev afhændet til anden side.
In Orkla/Volvo, the acquisition was approved subject to the divestiture of Orkla's brewing company Hansa.
Uden denne afhændelse ville parterne være kommet til at sidde på 75% af det norske ølmarked, og hverken detailhandelen eller hotel- og restaurationsbranchen blev skønnet at indtage en så stærk position som aftagere, at de kunne anfægte parternes handlefrihed på markedet.
The parties would otherwise have had a 75% share of the Norwegian beer market and neither the retail nor the hotel and catering industries were considered capable of deploying any countervailing purchasing power.
I Mercedes/Kässbohrer fandt Kommissionen, at selv om fusionen ville berøre busmarkedet i hele Europa, var det især det tyske marked for busser og rutebiler, der måtte undersøges nærmere.
In the Mercedes Benz/Kässbohrer case, although the bus market throughout Europe would be affected, the Commission considered that the German bus market in particular required indepth investigation.
Der blev identificeret tre markeder, nemlig bybusser, hvor parterne tilsammen havde 44 % af markedet, turistbusser, hvor de havde 54 %, og rutebiler, hvor de havde 74 %.
Three markets were identified with the parties combined share reaching 44% in city buses, 54% in tourist coaches and 74% in intercity buses.
Men da de tilsammen kun havde en markedsandel på 57 % på det samlede busmarked i Tyskland, drog Kommissionen dog den konklusion, at til stedeværelsen af to andre konkurrenter såvel som eventuelle nytilkomne konkurrenter fra andre lande ville kunne begrænse Mercedes' handlefrihed på det tyske marked i tilstrækkeligt omfang.
With a share of 57% of the entire bus market in Ger many, however, the Commission concluded that there would be adequate constraints on Mer cedes' freedom of action on the German market because there were two German competitors as well as potential entrants from elsewhere in Europe.
Ifølge kunderne kunne sådanne nytilkomne konkurrenter ventes at give tyske busselskaber større valgmuligheder.
According to customers, these potential entrants could be expected to provide addition al leverage to German bus operators.
Endelig tog Kommissionen også hensyn til, at størstedelen af indkøbene af bybusser og rutebiler nu skal foregå efter EU-udbud i henhold til direktiverne om offentlige indkøb, hvilket vil resultere i et større marked omfattende hele EU.
Lastly the Commission found that public procurement Directives, which make Community-wide tendering compulsory for the main part of the market for city and intercity buses, were also lead ing to the development of a wider European market.
I de øvrige sager gjorde Kommissionen sin godkendelse af fusionen betinget af en række til sagn fra parterne under sagsbehandlingen.
In the other cases, the Commission's clear ance of the respective operations was condition al on undertakings given by the parties in the course of the proceedings.
I Crown Cork and Seal/Carnaud MetalBox fastslog Kommissionen efter en indgående fase 2-undersøgelse af såvel de horisontale som de vertikale problemer, fusionen ville give anledning til, at det eneste marked, hvor fusionen risikerede at skabe en dominerende stilling, var markedet for aerosoldåser af hvidblik.
In Crown Cork and Seal/Carnaud Metal-Box, following a detailed second-phase analysis of both the horizontal and vertical issues raised, the Commission determined that the only market in which the proposed concentration threat ened to create a dominant position was the market for tinplate aerosol cans.
Inden for EØS fremstiller og sælger begge parter aerosoldåser af hvidblik og konservesdåser såvel som visse lukkeanordninger til dåser og flasker til drikkevarer, herunder topstykker og kapsler til dåser og plast- og aluminiumkapsler til flasker.
In the European Economic Area (EEA), both parties produce and sell tinplate aerosol cans and food cans, as well as certain closures for beverage cans and bottles, including beverage can ends, metal crowns, and plastic and aluminium caps.
Kommissionen konkluderede, at Crowns til sagn om at afhænde bestemte aktiviteter inden for aerosoldåser af blik ville være tilstrækkeligt til at løse konkurrenceproblemerne.
Consequently, the Commission concluded that Crown's commitment to divest a specified group of tinplate aerosol can operations would be sufficient to overcome its competition con cerns.
I ABB/Daimler-Benz fandt Kommissionen, at markedet for lokaltrafiktog fortsat var et nationalt marked i Tyskland, selv om mangelen på større nationale fabrikanter af jernbanemateriel i andre medlemsstater resulterede i, at markederne i disse lande havde en større geografisk udstrækning.
In ABB/Daimler Benz, the Commission considered that the market for local trains had remained national in Germany although, in other Member States, the lack of major national rail transportation industries had already led to wider geographic markets.
Den anmeldte fusion ville have ført til, at der i Tyskland kom til at opstå et dominerende duopol inden for lokaltrafiktog.
The proposed operation would have led to the creation of a dominant duopoly in the German market for local trains.
Fusionen ville også have lagt hindringer i vejen for udenlandske udbyderes adgang til markedet ved at eliminere uafhængige tyske leverandører af elkomponenter.
The concentration would also have impeded market entry by foreign suppliers by eliminating independent German suppliers of electrical components.
På de andre relevante markeder blev der ikke påvist nogen konkurrenceproblemer. mer.
No competitive issues were identified in relation to other relevant product markets.
C — Andre større sager aftaler med dem og deltage i deres bonusprogrammer.
C — Other major cases with SAS through the European Quality Alliance.
Denne fusion blev anmeldt to gange, anden gang efter en række ændringer i planen.
This transaction was notified twice, on the second occasion following modifications to the operation.
Sagen blev behandlet (med høring af medlemsstaterne), uden at det var nødvendigt at indlede fase 2-undersøgelser.
At that time, it was fully evaluated (including consultations with the Member States) without it being necessary to initiate a second phase procedure.
Kommissionen godkendte en decideret fusion mellem de finske virksomheder Repola Corporation og Kymmene Corporation, der er store internationale selskaber, som beskæftiger sig med trykkeripapir og emballagematerialer.
The Commission approved an operation by which the Finnish companies Repola Corporation and Kymmene Corporation entered into a full merger. Repola and Kymmene are large international companies active in the fields of printing paper and packaging materials.
Fusionen berørte bl.a. markederne for avispapir, magasinpapir og papirsække.
The operation involved, among other products, the markets for newsprint, magazine paper and paper sacks.
Et antal større fusioner blev godkendt inden udløbet af en måned efter deres anmeldelse, uden at det var nødvendigt at iværksætte tilbundsgående undersøgelser.
A number of major operations were cleared without indepth investigations within one month of their notification.
Der var tale om flere sager i medicinalsektoren, bl.a. Glaxo/Wellcome, Behringwerke/Armour Pharmaceutical, Hoechst/Marion Merrell Dow, Rhone Poulenc Rohrer/Fisons og Upjohn/Pharmacia.
They included several in the pharmaceutical sector, among which were Glaxo/Wellcome, Behring-werke/Armour Pharmaceutical, Hoechst/ Marion Merrell Dow, Rhone Poulenc Rohrer/Fisons and Upjohn/Pharmacia.
For at imødegå alle eventuelle problemer gik Glaxo med til at meddele eksklusivlicens til en tredjepart på et af de migrænepræparater, som enten Glaxo eller Wellcome vil udvikle.
In order to remove any possible doubts as to compatibility, Glaxo agreed to grant to a third party an exclusive licence for one of the anti-migraine compounds currently under development by either Glaxo or Wellcome.
Det ser ud til, at den seneste tids fusioner i medicinalindustrien har til formål at udvide selskabernes produktsortimenter og dermed gøre dem til mere konkurrencedygtige leverandører til grossister, hospitaler og apotekskæder.
It appears that recent mergers in the pharmaceutical industry are intended to increase the range of products offered by companies, thereby making them more competitive as suppliers to the whole salers, hospitals and pharmacy chains.
Hidtil har der derfor hovedsagelig været tale om komplementære fusioner, der generelt ikke har ført til konkurrenceproblemer.
As a result, the operations to date have been largely complementary in nature and have not in general led to any competition problems.
Inden for papirsække fastslog Kommissionen, at der fandtes et særskilt finsk marked for dette produkt, og at fusionen ville føre til skabelse af en dominerende stilling på det finske marked.
As regards paper sacks, the Commission's investigation led to the conclusion that there is a separate Finnish market for this product and that the concentration would lead to the creation of a dominant position on that market.
Det nye selskab ville praktisk taget blive den eneste udbyder af papirsække til finske aftagere.
The new company would be virtually the sole supplier of paper sacks to Finnish customers.
Parterne måtte derfor afgive en række tilsagn angående afhændelse af en del af deres kapacitet til produktion af papirsække på det finske marked.
The parties have given commitments involving the divestiture of some of their paper sack capacity on the Finnish market.
Markederne for avispapir og magasinpapir omfatter mindst hele Vesteuropa, og i lighed med alle de andre førende europæiske papirproducenter markedsfører Repola/Kymmene deres produkter i næsten alle medlemsstater.
The markets for newsprint and magazine paper are at least Western European in scope and Repola/Kymmene, like all the other major European paper producers, transport and market their products in almost all Member States.
Fusionen vil bevirke, at det nye selskab bliver den førende europæiske udbyder af avis- og magasinpapir.
As a result of the operation,the new company will be the major European player in newsprint and magazine paper.
På intet af de to produktmarkeder vil de dog tilsammen få en markedsandel på over 20%, og der findes desuden adskillige stærke konkurrenter på markedet.
However, the combined market shares will not exceed some 20% in either of the two product markets; what is more, several competitors have strong market positions.
I Swissair/Sabena sikrede Kommissionen sig en række tilsagn fra parterne for at imødegå de konkurrenceproblemer, fusionen — som indebar Swissairs overtagelse af 49,5% af kapitalen i Sabena — ville give anledning til.
In Swissair/Sabena, the Commission secured remedies for resolving the competition problems raised by the operation which consisted of Swissair acquiring a 49.5% stake in Sabena.
Fusionen ville have givet parterne en monopolstilling i lufttrafikken mellem Schweiz og Belgien.
The transaction would have led to a monopoly in air transport between Switzerland and Belgium.
Desuden var Swissair sammen med SAS og Austrian Airlines med i European Quality Alliance, medens SAS havde anmeldt en samarbejdsaftale med Lufthansa.
Moreover, Swissair was a participant in the European Quality Alliance with SAS and Austrian Airlines, while SAS had proposed a cooperation agreement with Lufthansa.
Denne fusion ville sammen med disse andre arrangementer have sat de deltagende flyselskaber i stand til at etablere et omfattende rutenet, som ville tegne sig for ca. 35% af passagertrafikken i Europa, hvilket er dobbelt så meget som det næststørste fly selskab.
The operation, taken together with these arrangements, would have enabled the participating air lines to create an extensive route network carry ing about 35% of passenger traffic within Europe, twice as much as the next largest carrier.
Kommissionen godkendte fusionen efter tilsagn fra de to flyselskaber og fra den belgiske og den schweiziske regering om at stille de fornødne trafikrettigheder og lufthavnsslots til rådighed for konkurrenter, der ønskede at flyve mellem Belgien og Schweiz.
In order to clear the operation, the Commission secured undertakings from the two airlines and from the Belgian and Swiss Governments that they would make available the necessary traffic rights and airport slots to enable com petitors to operate flights between Belgium and Switzerland.
Desuden krævede den, at Swissair og Sabena også gav konkurrenter adgang til at indgå interlining-
Swissair and Sabena were also required to provide competitors with interlining arrangements and with the opportunity to participate in frequent flyer programmes.
Kymmene har sit eget salgsnet og er ikke med i Finnpap.
Kymmene has its own sales network and is not a member of Finnpap.
Parterne har afgivet tilsagn om ikke at sælge papirprodukter via Finnpap-organisationen.
The parties have undertaken not to sell paper products through the Finnpap joint sales agency.
D — Medlemsstaters legitime interesser te grænser for, hvilke undersøgelser MMC kun ne iværksætte i sagen.
The Commission, in acknowledging the United Kingdom's legitimate interest, set specific limits to the MMC investigations in these circumstances.
I sin beslutning af 29. marts 1995 anerkendte Kommissionen, at MMC kunne vurdere potentielle fusioner på basis af kriterierne for den offentlige interesse, men anførte, at den offentlige interesse i sådan ne sager var begrænset til de spørgsmål, der direkte berørte vandforsyningslovgivningen. De britiske myndigheder blev anmodet om at underrette Kommissionen om enhver foranstaltning truffet i henhold til denne beslutning, således at Kommissionen kunne forvisse sig om, at den var berettiget.
Its decision of 29 March 1995 acknowledged that the MMC could assess potential mergers on the basis of the public interest test but that the public interest in those cases was limited to those issues which were directly related to the operation of the water regulatory legislation.
Den 6. marts gjorde de britiske myndigheder for første gang brug af fusionsforordningens artikel 21, stk. 3, for at få anerkendt en legitim interesse i sagen angående Lyonnaise des Eaux's planlagte overtagelse af Northhumbrian Water.
On 6 March, the United Kingdom author ities made, in the context of the proposed acquisition of Northumbrian Water by Lyonnaise des Eaux, the first application under Article 21(3) of the Merger Regulation for the recognition of a legitimate interest.
Anmodningen drejede sig om lovgivning om vandforsyning i Det Forenede Kongerige.
The application concerned legislation which regulates the water supply industry in the United Kingdom.
Denne lovgivning indeholder særlige regler om fusion, og formålet med reguleringen er at sikre, at hensyn til varetagelse af en nødvendig funktion og beskyttelse af forbrugerne tilgodeses.
This legislation has specific merger provisions which are designed to enable the regulatory system to achieve its objective of safeguarding the provision of a vital service and protecting the consumer.
Planlagte fusioner skal således forelægges for de britiske konkurrencemyndigheder, Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC), der tager stilling til, om fusionen må antages at være i strid med den offentlige interesse.
Accordingly, whenever a merger takes place or is expected to take place, the case is referred to the Monopolies and Mergers Com mission (MMC) for it to decide whether it would be expected to operate against the public interest.
Blandt de kriterier, der lægges til grund for den offentlige interesse inden for vandforsyning, er bl.a. antallet af uafhængige vandforsyningsselskaber, som den regulerende myndighed kan basere sig på ved beregning af prisreguleringen.
The criteria for the public interest test for water industry mergers include the number of independently controlled water companies among which the water regulator could make comparisons for the purpose of calculating the price regulatory formula.
Umiddelbart efter Kommissionens beslutning henviste de britiske myndigheder den planlagte overtagelse til MMC.
The United Kingdom's application covered these provisions as the reference to the MMC is automatic and not discretionary.
I løbet af 1995 vedtog Kommissionen syv beslutninger om fusioner i henhold til EKSF- traktatens artikel 66.
During the year, the Commission took seven decisions on concentrations under Article 66 of the ECSC Treaty.
Tre af sagerne drejede sig om afhændelse af tidligere statsejede stål- virksomheder til den private sektor.
Three of these cases involved the sale to the private sector of steel companies that had previously been State-
Den omstændighed, at ingen tredjepart intervenerede direkte under den administrative sagsbehandling, udelukker ikke i alle tilfælde denne tredjeparts ret til at anfægte beslutningen. ningen.
(ii) the fact that a third party has not directly intervened in the course of the administrative procedure does not in all cases exclude that third party from being entitled to challenge the decision;
Den 27. april afsagde Førsteinstansretten dom i to sager, den ene anlagt af ansatte i Perrier, den anden af ansatte i Vittel og Pierval, mod Kommissionens beslutning af 22. juli 1992 i Nestlé/Perrier-sagen.
On 27 April, the Court of First Instance (CFI) ruled on two cases, one brought by the employees of Perrier and the other by the employees of Vittel and Pierval against the Commission's decision of 22 July 1992 in the case Nestlé/Perrier.
Kommissionen havde godkendt fusionen på en række nærmere betingelser.
The Commission had approved the concentration with conditions and obligations.
Hovedpunkterne i dommene var følgende: de:
The principal points of the judgments were as follows:
Repræsentanterne for en virksomheds ansatte er i princippet ikke direkte berørt i en fusionssag. De har derfor ikke ret til at nedlægge påstand om annullation af en beslutning, medmindre det sker for at værne om deres processuelle rettigheder.
(iii) the representatives of the workers of a com pany are not, in principle, directly concerned by a merger procedure and so are not entitled to request the annulment of a decision, except to protect their procedural rights;
— Retten anerkendte, at fusionsforordningen primært omhandler konkurrencespørgsmål, men at dette ikke udelukker, at Kommissionen også tager hensyn til de sociale virkninger af en fusion, hvis disse påvirker omfanget af eller vilkårene for beskæftigelsen inden for EU eller en væsentlig del af EU.
(iv) third parties do not have the right to be treated in the same way as the parties to the concentration in the administrative procedure. dure.
G — Statistisk oversigt
G — Statistical overview
Graf 4 Årligt antal endelige beslutninger vedtaget siden 1990 Endelige beslutninger efter fusionsforordningen
Graph 4 Number of final decisions adopted each year since 1990 Final decisions taken under the Merger Control Regulation
Grafo Opdeling efter fusionstype (1995) Fusionstype (1990-1995 i alt)
Graph 5 Breakdown for 1995 by type of operation Type of concentration (total 1990-95)
Aftalt overtagelse5%
Agreed bid5%
Overtagelse af majoritet 39%
Acquisition of majority 39%
Graf6 Oprindelsesland for de virksomheder, der var impliceret i fusioner og overtagelser ¡1995 Virksomhedernes oprindelseslande (for 1995, i sager, hvor der blev truffet en endelig beslutning)
Graph 6 Country of origin of the enterprise involved in the operations in 1995 Breakdown of enterprises by country of origin (for 1995; in cases where a final decision was taken)
IV — STATSSTØTTE
IV — STATE AID
Denne oversigt er et vigtigt kvantitativt instrument for udformningen af statsstøttepolitikken.
The survey is an essen tial quantitative instrument in defining aid policy.
Den langsomme, men støtte nedadgående tendens i den samlede statsstøt te, der allerede kunne iagttages i årene fra 1981 til 1990, har vist sig at holde stik til trods for de store omkostninger ved den tyske genforening, den økonomiske afmatning og den skærpede internationale konkurrence.
The trend recorded in the period 1981-90 showing a slow but steady fall in total aid has continued, despite the high costs of German unification, recession and stronger international competition.
Det samlede støtte volumen ligger dog fortsat på gennemsnitligt 94 mia. ECU om året for hele EU, svarende til 1,9 % af EU's BNP og 704 ECU pr. beskæftiget.
However, total aid granted remains high, with an average of ECU 94 billion a year for the Community as a whole or 1.9% of its GDP and ECU 704 per person employed.
På industriministrenes møde i november godkendte Rådet Kommissionens analyse, ifølge hvilken det er nødvendigt at fortsætte bestræbelserne på at få nedbragt statsstøtteniveauet ved at styrke kontrollen og skabe øget gennem sigtighed, samtidig med at EU's mål på alle de andre områder tilgodeses.
In November, the Industry Council met and approved the Commission's analysis indicating that, while taking account of other Community objectives, it was necessary to continue to reduce aid levels by strengthening control mechanisms and improving their transparency.