natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Førstegangs Jobsøgende
Seeking a first job
Ikke i arbejde (hjemmegående kvinder, studerende)
In non-professional situation (housewives, students)
De erhvervsaktives fordeling efter køn og erhvervsgruppe (procent)
Distribution of employment by sex and occupational sec)
Erhvervsaktive og jobsøgende Fordeling efter køn og uddannelse (procent)
Persons employed and persons seeking employment Distribution by sex and level of study (percentages)
Erhvervsakt ive
Persons employed
Uden uddannelse Med me 11em­uddanne I se Med højere mellem­uddannelse og universitets­uddanne I se
Without school certificate Certificate of secondary education Certificate of an advanced level of secondary education and university degrees
Uden uddannelse Med me 11 em­uddanne I se Med højere mel lem­uddannelse og universitets­uddannelse
Without school certificate Certificate of secondary education Certificate of an advanced level of secondary education and university degrees
Jobsøgende
Persons seeking work
Uden uddannelse Med me i Iemuddanne I se Med højere mellem uddannelse og universitetsuddannelse uddannelse
43.7 secondary education Certificate of an advanced level of secondary education and university degrees
Uden uddannelse Med me 11emuddanne I se Med højere mellem uddannelse og universitetsuddannelse uddannelse
35.1 secondary education Certificate of an advanced level of secondary education and university degrees
Udarbejdet på grundlag af oplysninger fra ISTAT
Based on ISTAT data
Deputeretkammeret (Samtlige afstemningskredse og partier)
CHAMBER (Total electoral districts and parties)
Samlet antal indvalgte
Total elected
Kvindelige indvalgte
Women elected
Senatet (Samtlige afstemningssteder og partier)
SENATE (Total electoral districts and parties)
K i I de : Indenrigsministeriet - Dir. Gen. Amm. Civ. Direz. Centrale servizi elettorali Servizio informatica (pag. 125) Ajourført pr. 29. april 1991
Source: Min. Int. - Dir. Gen. Amm. Civ. Direz. Centrale servizi elettorali Servizio informatica (pag.125) Updated on 29 April 1991
Kvinder indvalgt i deputeretkammeret
Women elected to the Lower Chamber
Kvinder indvalgt i senatet
Women elected to the Senate
EF's politik med hensyn til ligebehandling og lige muligheder for kvinder og mænd har i Storhertugdømmet Luxembourg altid været et vigtigt redskab og en uvurderlig hjælp i arbejdet for at forbedre kvindernes stilling i samfundet, i erhvervslivet og i familien.
Community policy in the field of equal treatment and equal opportunities for men and women in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was and still is a valuable instrument, an inestimable aid to improve the situation of women in society, in the working world and in the family.
Ud fra et Juridisk synspunkt har der siden 1919, hvor den almindelige valgret blev indført, ikke været noget til hinder for, at de luxembourgske kvinder kunne deltage fuldt og helt i det politiske liv.
From the legal point of view, there has been nothing to prevent full and complete participation by Luxembourg women in the political world since 1919, when universal suffrage was introduced.
Men i praksis gik der flere årtier, før kvinderne fik noget at skulle have sagt i luxembourgsk politik.
However, for decades, they did not know how or were unable to avail themselves of this.
Der var allerede i 1919 blevet valgt en kvinde ind i Deputeretkammeret.
One woman had been elected to the Lower House as early as 1919.
Det var Imidlertid først i 1965, at der igen blev valgt en kvinde ind i det luxembourg ske parlament, og hun var den eneste indtil 1968.
It was only in 1965 that a woman was again elected to the National Parliament, the only one until 1968.
Siden da har alle partierne sørget for at opstille kvindelige kandidater, og det er lykkedes alle de tre landsdækkende partier, de kristelig-sociale, socialisterne og de liberale, at få valgt kvinder ind i parlamentet. Ikke mange, ganske vist, for de har sørget for ikke at opstille for mange af dem.
Since then, all the parties have taken care to present female candidates and the three national parties, Social Christians, Socialists and Liberals, have since then succeeded in having women elected: not many, because they have taken care not to present too many.
Ved det sidste parlamentsvalg i Juni 1989 blev der valgt 10 kvinder: 4 for de kristelig-sociale, 3 for de liberale, 2 for socialisterne og 1 for Greng Alternativ Partei (de grønne).
In the most recent general elections of June 1989, 10 women were elected: 4 Social Christians, 3 Liberals, 2 Socialists and 1 Greng Alternativ Partei.
Siden 1979 har der været en kvinde i Kammerets præsidium.
Since 1979, one woman has belonged to the Executive of the Chamber.
For øjeblikket er for manden for Kammeret en kvinde.
At present, the President of the Chamber is a woman.
Fra 1974 til 1979 var det en kvinde, der var for mand for en af de politiske grupper, nemlig den socialdemokratiske gruppe. Fra 1980 til 1989 var der en kvindelig formand for den liberale gruppe.
From 1974 to 1979, a woman was Chairman of a political party, the Social-Democrat Party.
I de sidste 10 år har der været kvindelige formænd for forskellige parlamentariske udvalg, bl.a. for Det Udenrigspolitiske Udvalg, Udvalget for Landbrug, Vindyrkning og Turisme, Undervisningsudvalget, Retsudvalget og Udvalget for Andragender.
For a decade, women have chaired parliamentary committees: these include the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Agriculture, Viticulture and Tourism Committee, the Education Committee, the Legal Affairs Committee and the Petitions Committee.
Det har 22 medlemmer, der efter tur udpeges af henholdsvis regeringen, Deputeretkammeret og Statsrådets egne medlemmer.
The Council of State, with its 22 members proposed in turn by the government, by the Lower Chamber and coopted by its members, acts as a 2nd Chamber in the Grand Duchy.
Siden 1975 har der været en enkelt kvinde blandt medlemmerne, som udnævnes for livstid (med en aldersgrænse på 72 år).
Since 1975, it has just one woman among its members, appointed for life (age limit: 72 years).
Fra det luxembourgske parlamentsvalg i 1968 frem til 1974 var 2 af de 6 medlemmer af den luxembourgske delegation i Europa-Parlamentet, som frem til 1979 blev udpeget af det luxembourgske parlament, kvinder.
After the 1968 general elections, the Luxembourg delegation to the European Parliament, designated by the national parliament until 1979, had two women out of six members until 1974.
Fra det første direkte almindelige valg til Europa-Parlamentet frem til 1984 var en tredjedel af medlemmerne af den luxembourgske delegation kvinder, mens der fra 1984 til 1988 var 50% kvinder.
Since the European Parliament has been elected by universal suffrage, one third of the members of the Luxembourg delegation were women from 1979 to 1984, 50% between 1984 and 1988.
Siden valget i 1989 har der igen været 50% kv inder .
Women again account for 50% since the 1989 elections.
På trods af, at de kvinder, der er stillet op t i I parlamentsvalgene siden 1964, har klaret sig glimrende, har der kun været få kvinder i de forskellige luxembourgske regeringer.
In spite of excellent results at the general elections for women candidates since 1964, women are few and far between in the Governments of the Grand Duchy.
Den første kvindelige minister var en kristelig socialist, der ikke var valgt til Kammeret, og som blev minister for familie og ungdomsanliggender den 3. Januar 1967. Hun blev I regeringen indtil den 19. september 1972.
The first woman, a Social Christian, not elected to the Chamber, became Minister for the Family and Young People on 3 January 1967.
Derefter fulgte en 8-årig periode, hvor der ikke var nogen kvinder i regeringen.
This was followed by a period of more than eight years without women in the Government.
Fra den 22. no vember 1980 til den 20. Juli 1984 var der en kvindelig minister for udenrigsanliggender, økonomi og små og mellemstore virksomheder. Først efter valget i 1989 kom der igen en kvinde i regeringen, denne gang en socialist, som blev statssekretær for ungdomsanliggender og sociale anliggender.
From 22 November 1980 to 20 July 1984, a woman Liberal was part of the Government as Minister for Foreign Affairs, Economic Affairs and the Middle Classes.
I KOMMUNERNE
IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Det var først i 1970, at Luxembourg fik sine første kvindelige borgmestre, nem lig en liberal borgmester i hovedstaden og en socialdemokratisk borgmester i en industriel kommune i den sydlige del af landet.
It was only in 1970 that the first women were elected to mayorships, one, a Liberal, in the capital, the other, a Social-Democrat, in an industrial municipality in the south.
Siden 1970 har der hele tiden været en kvindelig borgmester i hovedstaden med undtagelse af en periode pá under et år i 1980-1981.
Since 1970, with an interruption of less than a year, from 1980 to 1981, the capital has had mayoresses.
På nuværende tidspunkt har 5 af de 118 kommuner kvinde lige borgmestre.
At present 5 of the 118 municipalities have mayoresses.
Hovedstaden har desuden en kvindelig viceborgmester.
The capital also has a lady alderman.
Der er kvindelige viceborgmestre i 13 kommuner, og 79 af de 1 088 byrådsmedlemmer i Luxembourg er kvinder.
13 municipalities have a lady alderman and of the 1,088 local councillors in Luxembourg, there are 79 women.
Det er muligt, for det luxembourgske valgsystem, som er et forholdstalsvalgsystem, hvor det er tilladt at blande kandidaterne fra forskellige valglister og afgive personlige stemmer, betyder, at det kan betale sig for kandidaterne at profilere sig, fordi det ikke er placeringen pá partilisten, der afgør, om en kandidat bliver valgt, men vælgernes stemmer.
It is possible, since the Luxembourg electoral procedure, which is a proportional system, authorizing voting on the same ticket for candidates belonging to different parties and preference votes, allows candidates to put themselves forward, because it is not the party
Dette system har givet de få kvinder, der er blevet valgt, en chance for gennem deres dygtighed og arbejdsindsats at bevise, at de fortjener vælgernes tillid.
This system has given the few women elected the opportunity of proving through their competence and enthusiasm that they are worthy of the confidence of the electorate.
Den første luxembourgske kvinde, der blev valgt efter Anden Verdenskrig i 1965, og som fungerede som banebryder, er siden blevet genvalgt pä alle niveauer - lokalt, nationalt og europæisk.
The first woman elected after the Second World War in 1965, who played the role of pioneer, has been re-elected since then at all levels; local, national and European.
Der af kan man slutte, at de luxembourgske kvinders mulighed for i større grad at deltage i beslutningstagningen på kommunalt, nationalt og europæisk plan først og fremmest afhænger af de politiske partiers vilje til at opstille tilstrækkelig mange kvindelige kandidater.
It can be deduced from this that more extensive participation by Luxembourg women in the decision making structures at local, national and European levels depends primarily on the will of the political parties to choose a sufficient number of women candidates.
En undskyldning, der ofte høres, er mangelen pá egnede kvindelige kandidater, som kan sikre partiet stemmer.
The excuse is often given of the lack of suitable women candidates who could win votes for the party.
Men det er flere gange sket, at man har udelukket en for populær kvindelig kandidat, fordi hun havde gode chancer for at blive valgt i stedet for en mand eller endog en anden kv inde.
But there have already been cases of the exclusion of women candidates who were too popular and liable to take the place of a man, or even of a woman, the Luxembourg electoral system being what it is.
i PARTIERNE
IN THE PARTIES
De luxembourgske partier (med undtagelse af det liberale parti, hvor kvinderne indtil for lidt over et år siden havde stor indflydelse, hvilket mændene havde svært ved at acceptere) er stadig mændenes højborg.
The Luxembourg parties (with the exception of the Liberal Party, where "female domination" was resented by men until just over a year ago) remain male bastions.
I kvindeáret 1975 valgte socialistpartiet dog en kvindelig formand, som blev afløst af en mand nogle år senere.
Nevertheless, in 1975, the Year of Women, the Socialist Party chose a woman as Chairman, who was replaced by a man a few years later.
Det liberale parti udpegede i 1980 en kvindelig formand, som blev oppositionsleder fra 1984.
The Liberal Party designated a woman Chairman in 1980 and leader of the opposition after 1984.
I dag har alle partierne igen mandlige formænd, men én eller to kvindelige næst formænd.
Today, all the parties again have male chairmen, but one or two women deputy chairmen.
Der er Imidlertid stadig flere politisk aktive kvinder ude i valgkredsene og lokalsamfundene, især de steder, hvor der er behov for frivilligt arbejde. de.
On the other hand, there are an increasing number of women at electoral district and local levels, especially in positions where voluntary work is required.
ARBEJDSLIVET
THE WORKING WORLD
Ved oprettelsen af Det Europæiske Økonomiske Fællesskab var Luxembourg en af de medlemsstater, hvor der var færrest udearbejdende kvinder (knap 20%).
When the European Economic Community was first established, the percentage of women participating in the labour force in the Grand Duchy was among the lowest of all the Member States, barely 20%.
Det skyld tes historiske årsager og landets erhvervsstruktur.
There were historical reasons and reasons of economic structure for this.
Den luxembourgske økonomi var nemlig indtil 70'erne domineret af stålindustrien, hvor der kun er enkelte kvindelige ansatte i de administrative afdelinger.
The Luxembourg economy was in fact dominated until the 1970s by the steel industry, which only employs a few women in its administrative departments.
Siden da har situationen ændret sig en hel del, især på grund af den voldsomme vækst i den finansielle sektor og andre tertiære erhverv.
Since then, the situation has changed a great deal, especially after the veritable explosion in the financial market and in other tertiary activities.
I dag er næsten 35% af de luxembourgske kvinder udearbejdende, hvilket dog stadig er færre end i de fleste andre EF-lande.
The percentage of women residing in the Grand Duchy in the labour force is now in the neighbourhood of 35%, but remains one of the lowest in the Community.
Der er næsten ingen arbejdsløshed i Luxembourg (1,3% svarende til 2 564 arbejdsløse).
There is practically no unemployment in Luxembourg: 1.3% (2,564).
Men 40,8% af alle arbejdssøgende og dagpengeberettigede arbejdsløse er kvinder.
However, among those seeking work and the unemployed receiving benefit, 40.8% are women.
Luxembourg er stadig nettoimportør af arbejdskraft (indvandrere og grænsegængere), så kvindernes arbejdsløshed skyldes hovedsagelig, at de ikke har den nødvendige uddannelse, og at deres valg af erhverv som oftest falder pá en begrænset række fag.
Since Luxembourg is still a net importer of labour (immigrants and cross-frontier workers), the existence of female unemployment is essentially due to reasons of training and lack of diversification in career choices of girls and women.
De kvinder, som ønsker at vende tilbage til arbejdsmarkedet, har desuden ofte for store forventninger i forhold til deres erhvervskvaIif¡kationer, og de har derfor brug for omskoling, men man har været alt for længe om at få sat denne omskoling i system.
Furthermore, women wishing to return to work often have expectations which are inversely proportional to their professional aptitudes and who require retraining. Systematic organization of this has taken too long.
Med hensyn til løn- og arbejdsforhold er der ingen tvivl om, at EF-d i rekt i verne om ligebehandling af mænd og kvinder på arbejdspladsen, som stort set anvendes korrekt i Luxembourg, bl.a. med hensyn til løn og social sikring, i vidt omfang har medvirket til at afskaffe den direkte diskriminering.
With regard to the conditions of work and pay, there is no doubt that the Community directives in the field of equal treatment of men and women at work, which have been fairly correctly applied in the Grand Duchy, particularly with regard to pay and social security, have made a very large contribution to eliminating instances of direct discrimination.
Med hensyn til indirekte diskriminering, bl.a. med hensyn til adgang til beskæftigelse, findes den stadig, ligesom det er tilfældet i de fleste andre EF-lande, for selv de mest udførlige love kan ikke fra den ene dag til den anden ændre arbejdsgivernes praksis eller mentaliteten hos forældrene, lærerne, de unge og kvinderne selv.
Indirect discrimination, particularly concerning access to employment, continues to exist, as in the majority of Member States, since the most highly perfected laws cannot, from one day to the next, change employers' practices or mentalities, whether of parents, teachers, girls or women themselves.
Men en række positive særforanstaltninger, der er blevet iværksat på grundlag af EF's handlingsprogram, har skabt større ligestilling mellem mænd og kvinder med hensyn til adgangen til beskæftigelse og mulighederne for forfremmelse.
But positive measures taken on the basis of the Community action programme have had the effect of promoting greater equality of opportunities for women concerning access to employment and vocational advancement.
Ganske vist har den relativt gode lovgivning, der skal beskytte gravide kvinder og nybagte mødre, ofte nogle utilsigtede virkninger, bl.a. i den offentlige sektor, hvor adgangen til barselsorlov er meget omfattende.
It is true that the fairly good protective legislation concerning the protection of maternity sometimes has undesirable effects, particularly in the public sector, which has highly developed parental leave regulations.
Man kan konstatere, at visse arbejdsgivere ikke er så meget for at ansætte kvinder i den fødedygtige alder, fordi de risikerer at benytte sig af deres ret til fravær fra arbejdet i forbindelse med barsels- og forældreorlov, som i den offentlige sektor kan vare op til 5 år og visse steder op til 15 år, og som i den private sektor varer mellem 20 uger og 2 år.
It can be said that there is a certain reluctance on the part of certain employers at the time of recruiting women of child-bearing age, on account of possible absences for maternity and educational leave, which may amount to as much as 5 or even 15 years in the public sector and to 20 weeks or as much as 2 years in the private sector.
Men mangelen på kvalificeret luxembourgsk arbejdskraft betyder, at veluddannede unge kvinder i Luxembourg stadig har større muligheder for at få Job end kvinderne i de fleste andre medlemsstater, selv om visse arbejdsgivere, især de små og mellemstore virksomheder, mener, at lovgivningen yder for stor beskyttelse (mens kvindeorganisationerne mener, at den ikke yder tilstrækkelig beskyttelse).
But the dearth of resident skilled labour means that even though certain employers, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises, are afraid of over-generous protective legislation (it is not yet protective enough, in the view of the feminist organizations), the opportunities for access to employment for girls with sufficient skills are greater than in most other Member States.
Derudover har EF-direkti verne medført, at loven om de væbnede styrker er blevet ændret, så mænd og kvinder nu kan optages pá lige fod som frivillige i den luxembourgske hær.
It should further be noted that the Community directives have had the effect of changing the law on the armed forces to admit women and men as volunteers to the Luxembourg army on an equal footing.
Da en række offentlige stillinger er forbeholdt de frivillige i hæren, var den tidligere lovgivning i modstrid med EF-di rekt i vet om ligebehandling med hensyn til adgang til beskæftigelse.
As a series of posts in the civil service are reserved to army volunteers, this legislation was incompatible with the Community directive on equal treatment with regard to access to employment.
I stedet for at afskaffe kravet om, at luxembourgerne skal have været frivillige i hæren for at kunne blive ansat i visse offentlige stillinger (f.eks. som post bud, ministerialbud eller skovfoged), har man valgt at optage mandlige og kvindelige frivillige pá lige fod.
The Luxembourg legislators, rather than abolishing the exclusivity of army volunteers regarding access to certain public duties (such as, for example, postmen, Government bailiffs, forest rangers), preferred to admit male and female volunteers on an equal footing.
Derfor fik vi for nogle måneder siden vores før ste kvindelige skovfoged.
Our country hence has its first female forest ranger, who started work a few months ago.
Der har I flere år været kvindelige betjente i politiet og gendarmeriet.
The police force has had policewomen for years.
Der er også for første gang blevet udnævnt en kvindelig off icer.
The first woman officer has been appointed.
INDFLYDELSESRIGE STILLINGER
HIGH-RANKING AND INFLUENTIAL POSITIONS
Der er ikke ret mange luxembourgske kvinder i indflydelsesrige stillinger.
There are not many Luxembourg women in such positions.
Des værre findes der ingen statistikker.
Unfortunately there are no statistics in this respect as yet.
Men når samfundsspidserne mødes for at fejre et Jubilæum, som f.eks. det luxembourgske Handelskammers Jubilæum for ganske nylig, ser man klart, at vi stadig lever i et meget mandsdomineret samfund.
But the academic meetings, organized to mark anniversaries, such as, for example, the very recent anniversary of the Chamber of Commerce, when the leading citizens of Luxembourg society gather together, clearly illustrate that we are still living in a world very largely dominated by the male sex.
Der er stadig kun fá kvinder i ledende stillinger I den offentlige sektor. Inden for retsvæsenet er der dog en del kvinder, og nogle frygter, at dommererhvervet er ved at blive et kvindeerhverv.
Although there are still very few women in high public office, the judicial sector is somewhat more mixed and some are even afraid of feminization at magistrate level.
Kvindelige Jurister foretrækker helt klart en karriere i den offentlige sektor frem for som advokat med privat praksis.
Women legal experts have a distinct preference for a career in the civil service, rather than in the profession of attorney.
Det er dog værd at bemærke, at der er en kvindelig sundhedsdirektør.
It should however be noted that there is a woman Director of Health.
Fagbevægelsen er stadig i meget høj grad mændenes revir.
Workers' trade unions remain the most exclusive preserve of men, even more than the business world where woman company directors are not very numerous, especially where large enterprises are involved.
Lidt bedre står det til i erhvervslivet, hvor der ganske vist er meget få kvindelige chefer i de store virksomheder, men hvor der efterhånden kommer flere og flere kvindelige ledere i de små og mellemstore virksomheder.
But there are an increasing number of them in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Der er også stadig flere kvinder, der gør karriere inden for den skrevne og elektroniske presse.
Women are increasingly making careers in the written and spoken press.
Det bliver altså gradvis mere almindeligt at se luxembourg ske kvinder i indflydelsesrige stillinger, men det er en langvarig proces.
A relatively good start has been made on the process of women's access to influential and decision making positions in the Grand Duchy, but it is a long-drawn-out process.
I de luxembourgske skoler har der I flere årtier været fællesundervisning for piger og drenge.
Co-education has existed in Luxembourg schools for decades: through necessity in the countryside, since the introduction of compulsory education, by deliberate choice after the Second World War.
På landet har man lige siden skolepligten blev indført været nødsaget til at lade drenge og piger gá i skole sammen.
A present, all classes in State schools at pre-school, primary and secondary levels, are mixed.
Efter Anden Verdenskrig valgte man bevidst at indføre fællesundervisning.
A problem remains of the extreme feminization of teaching staff in nursery schools, whereas the very unusual system in Luxembourg of admission to primary school teacher training has had the effect of avoiding feminization.