natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Når dataene først er inden for nettet, afhænger den valgte rute og data sikkerheden ikke længere af de kommunikerende parter, idet disse aspekter mellem nettets indgangs- og udgangspunkter varetages af det selskab, der stiller nettet til rådighed.
Once within the network, the route chosen for the transport of the data and the protection of the data is no longer the responsibility of the communicating partners, but is guaranteed between the entry and exit point of the networks by the network service provider.
På nationalt niveau er brugen af offentlige datanet ikke noget problem.
At national level, use of public data networks is not a problem.
Men ved brug af internationale net kan der opstå vanskeligheder, hvis
This is due for example to different levels of implementation of the X.25 standards by different Member States.
Sådanne problemer forværres yderligere af, at brugerne ikke får den fornødne bistand og service, hvilket ofte tvinger dem til at anvende eksperter til at udrede problemerne.
Apart from fixed rental charges, the network service provider charges on the basis of the duration of the connection to the network system and the volume of the data transmitted.
Forvaltede datanet
Managed networks
Forvaltede datanet er en krydsning mellem offentlige datanet og abonnerede privatledninger.
Managed networks are a cross between public data networks and private leased lines.
Et selskab (en såkaldt tredjepart) opretter et net baseret på forbindelser lejet hos de nationale net og tilbyder dette til interesserede på kontrakt vilkår.
A third party sets up a network by leasing lines from national networks with the purpose of providing a service to its contracting users.
Sådanne netleverandørers tjenester betegnes ofte som værdiforøgende tillægstjenester (Value Added Network Services — VANS) eller værdiforøgende datatjenester (Value Added Data Services — VADS).
The services of network providers are often referred to as VANS (value added network services) or VADS (value added data services).
Afsenderen gør brug af disse tjenester ved at tilkoble sig nettets tilslutningspunkt og transmittere sine data.
To use the service, the sender connects to an access point of the network and transmits his data.
På tilsvarende måde tilkobler modtageren sig nettet og får sine data.
Similarly, the receiver connects to the network and collects the data.
Lige som ved de offentlige net er nettjenesteleverandøren ansvarlig for, hvilken rute der vælges ved datatransporten gennem nettet, og hvorledes dataene beskyttes.
As with public networks, the route chosen for the transport of the data within the network and the protection of the data are the responsibility of the network service provider.
• • det er nemt at få adgang til nettet, og specielt nemt at afhente med delelser et stort udvalg af tjenester brugerne kan få bistand overalt, hvor nettet er tilgængeligt
— transparency across the whole network; — the ease of access to the network, especially on collection; — the range of services provided; — support provided to users at all locations of the network; — complete communication and data processing services to a user.
• • • brugerne har adgang til komplette kommunikations- og databehandlingstjenester
However, the main disadvantage is, in general, a much higher charging structure.
• • tjenesteleverandørens mulighed for at ordne problemerne ved in­ternationale forbindelser.
possible interconnection with other network providers, the service and support provided (especially in the initial phase) in order to arrive at a shortlist of potential service providers.
Priser og takster kan så danne grundlag for det endelige valg mellem de selskaber, der er opført på denne liste.
Price and tariffs can then be the criteria for final selection from the short-listed companies.
Private net (abonneret privatledning — api) kan oprettes ved, at man hos landets telemyndigheder lejer faste forbindelser mellem de rele­vante brugerlokaliteter, enten inden for samme land eller i forskellige lande.
Private networks are set up by renting leased lines between the required user sites from the national telecommunication authorities, in one country or, if necessary, several countries.
Prisen på en abonneret privatledning beregnes som en abonnements­afgift på de abonnerede kredsløb og ikke på grundlag af, hvor store da­tamængder der transmitteres.
The costs of private networks are based on the cost of the leased lines rather than the volume of data transmitted.
Dette er grunden til, at private net fore­trækkes af de store multinationale organisationer, der arbejder med store datamængder.
That is why private networks are preferred by large multinational organizations with large volumes of data.
Spørgsmålet om følsomme data og datasikkerhe­den kan endvidere spille en afgørende rolle.
The sensitivity or security of the data may be a further justification.
Rent bortset fra den høje pris på abonnerede privatledninger bør en or­ganisation, der overvejer at etablere et privat net, ikke glemme de om­kostninger, der opstår, når eksperter skal kontrakt­ eller fastansættes til at etablere og vedligeholde nettjenesten og til at foretage den nødven­dige service herpå samt bistå brugerne.
Apart from the high cost of dedicated lines, an organization considering setting up a private network should not minimize the cost of specialists needed (contracted in or on the payroll) to set up and maintain the network services and support both it and its users at all points.
Virksomheder, der er interesseret i at implementere EDI, bør sikre sig, at de er underrettet om, hvilke EDI-aktiviteter der eventuelt er i gang in den for deres branche, inden de selv påbegynder forsøg.
Companies interested in implementing EDI should make sure they know of the EDI activities in their industry sector before commencing trials.
Uanset hvilken part der anmoder om afholdelse af forsøg, må begge parter plan lægge implementeringen i detaljer.
Whichever party requests the trials, both parties must plan the implementation in detail.
Ledelsen hos begge parter må give klart tilsagn til projektet og engagere sig i dette.
Clear management approval and commitment will be required on both sides.
Tilsagn fra ledelsen
Management commitment
Ledelsens tilsagn og godkendelse er en fundamental forudsætning, hvis implementeringen skal lykkes.
Management commitment and approval are vital to the success of an implementation.
Udgifterne til implementering af EDI må klarlægges i de indledende faser. Disse kan eksempelvis omfatte: køb af nyt edb-udstyr, programmel og nettjeneste
They will be required during the preparation and at the different stages of trial implementation.
• • udgifter til deltagelse i EDI-aktiviteter inden for branchens gruppe eller i andet standardiseringsarbejde
The costs of implementing EDI must be clearly identified in the initial stages. These may include:
• omkostningerne ved at frigøre personale fra de forskellige afdelinger, der er involveret i implementeringen.
(a) the purchase of new computer hardware, software and network service; (b) the cost of participation in EDI activities within the industry sector group or in other standards work; (c) the cost of making enough staff available from the various departments that will be involved in the implementation.
Dette indebærer, at der afsættes store midler, men er en væsentlig forudsætning for succes på længere sigt med deraf følgende udbytte.
This is a big commitment of resources, but it is essential to the long-term success and resultant benefits.
Inden man gå i gang med selve implementeringen, må ledelsen i begge firmaer underskrive »udvekslingsaftaler«.
Prior to going live, the management of both companies must sign 'interchange agreements'.
EDI er i højere grad en forretningssag end et teknisk problem.
EDI is more a business matter than a technical problem.
Udvekslingsaftalen bør omfatte
The 'interchange agreement' should cover the aspects of the participants' business relationship which might be affected or require new guidelines.
Det ideelle er, at projektet varetages af et styringsudvalg sammensat af personer fra ledelsen for de edb-, administrations- og forvaltningsafdeiinger, som i sidste ende får ansvaret for driften, f.eks. salgsafdeling ind købsafdeling og materialeforvaltning.
Ideally, the project should be controlled by a steering group consisting of senior management from the data processing, administration and management departments that will ultimately be responsible for the operation, e. g. sales, purchasing, materials management.
• på længere sigt på grundlag af resultaterne fra forsøgene og ud formningen af virksomhedens strategiske målsætninger.
(i) in the short term to meet immediate requirements for the trials and initial implementation; (ii) in the long term based on results from the trials and formulation of the strategic goals of the company.
Projektgrupper, der refererer tilbage til styringsudvalget, får til opgave at implementere de forskellige meddelelser på de forskellige anvendelsesområder (indkøb, udbetaling, transport osv.) samt for det overordnede tekniske miljø.
Project teams, reporting to the steering group, will be required to implement the different messages for different applications (purchasing, payments, transportation, etc.), and for the overall technical environment.
En sådan formel opbygning, dvs. med et styringsudvalg og projekt grupper, egner sig eventuelt ikke inden for alle organisationer.
This formal structure of a steering group and project teams may not be appropriate in all organizations.
En korrekt implementering kræver, at alle deltagere fortolker EDI-med-delelserne på samme måde.
For a successful implementation, it is essential that all participants interpret the EDI messages in the same way.
De må natii enighed om, hvordan dataene skal fortolkes inden for virksomhedernes interne systemer.
They must agree on how the data should be interpreted in terms of their internal 'in-house' systems.
Der er også andre hensyn at tage:
There are other aspects which must be considered:
• hvorledes meddelelserne implementeres i detaljer af de to dataudvekslende virksomheder, både på segment- og dataelementniveau, samt i givet fald med hensyn til dataelementernes kodede værdier
— the checking of any legal requirements; — the detailed implementation of the message by both interchanging companies at segment and data element level, and where relevant the coded values of data elements; — the identification of the screening and processing that will be required; — the timing and frequency of interchanges, especially in relation to the frequency of processing of in-house batch applications; — the user contacts and back up procedures; — the carrying out of parallel tests and check results; — the identification of change procedures and preparation of user documentation and training material.
Den tekniske gruppes opgaver, der kan gennemføres sideløbende med meddelelsesimplementeringsgruppens, består i at opgradere virksomhedens tekniske kapacitet, således at denne opfylder EDI's behov.
The task of the technical group, which can proceed in parallel with the message implementation group, is to upgrade the technical capabilities of the company to meet the requirements for EDI.
• hvilke telekommunikationsfaciliteter kræves der til forsøgene og til driften på længere sigt?
(i) syntax translation software and telecommunications software: should it be bought in or produced in-house? (ii) does additional hardware need to be procured, or the existing systems upgraded? (iii) the telecommunication facilities required for the trials and also for longer term operation.
For at fremskynde gennemførelsen af EDI-forsøg kan en virksomhed vælge at give al behandling, der ikke vedrører selve applikationen, i en treprise til en nettjenesteleverende tredjepart, indtil virksomheden selv bliver i stand til at varetage syntaksoversættelse og netfunktioner.
To speed up implementation of EDI trials at the message application level, a company may choose to contract out all non-application processing to a third-party network service provider until such time as the company is able to carry out syntax translation and networking itself.
I det følgende uddybes nogle af fordelene ved EDI.
Several of the benefits indicated below are expanded on further.
Udgifterne til implementering af EDI (engangsudgifter og løbende udgifter) kan tjenes ind i besparelser på kort sigt (mindre rutinepræget kontorarbejde og papirarbejde), men de egentlige fordele ved at investere i en opgradering af virksomhedens applikationssystem og i videreuddannelse af personalet viser sig i form af mindre lagre, kortere leveringstid mellem sælger og køber, prompte afregning og muligheden for at anvende JIT-produktionsteknik.
(i) Although the costs of implementing EDI (one-time costs and running costs) can be recovered from short-term benefits (less clerical and paper-handling work), the real benefits of the investment in upgrading the company application system and the cost of staff retraining result from stock reduction, shorter lead times between seller and buyer, prompt settlement of accounts, and the potential for just-in-time manufacturing procedures.
Det vil være en fordel for en virksomhed, hvis EDI er implementeret i alle de nærmeste sektorer: En importørs handel vil blive mere effektiv, hvis de speditører, transportører, havne og toldvæsener, der tager sig af hans varer, alle bruger EDI.
(ii) A company will benefit through the integral implementation of EDI in related sectors: an importer will trade more efficiently if the forwarders, transporters, harbours, customs through which his goods flow use EDI.
Små og mellemstore virksomheder kan af større virksomheder til skyndes til at anvende EDI gennem større ordrer og garantier for handel på længere sigt.
(iii) Small and mediumsized companies may be encouraged to use EDI by larger organizations through more orders and longer term guarantees for business.
Omvendt kan små og mellemstore virksomheder risikere en ordrenedgang, hvis de ikke har EDI.
On the other hand, they may risk a drop in orders if they are not able to migrate to EDI.
Uafhængigt af en organisations størrelse vil alle parter altid kunne op nå et vist minimum af driftsfordele ved at gå over til EDI-procedurer.
Independently of the size of an organization, a certain number of minimum operating benefits should be achieved by all parties changing to EDI procedures.
Disse må ikke forveksles med de helt store fordele, som organisationer kan få gennem en mere komplet integration af EDI inden for deres anvendelsesområde og i virksomhedens drift.
These are not to be confused with major benefits that organizations can achieve through a more complete integration of EDI into their application and the operation of the company.
lavere driftsomkostninger som følge af, at en del af personalet frigøres (dataindtastning, papirarbejde osv) til varetagelse af mere kvalificeret arbejde.
(a) lower operation costs due to freeing of some of the personnel (data entry, paper-handling, etc.) to carry out more professional work.
Endvidere bliver det muligt at undvære personale uden for spidsbelastningsperioder hurtigere datadisponibilitet som følge af
Furthermore, taking on 'off-peak time personnel' would not be required; (b) faster availability of the data through: — electronic transmission within minutes or hours, rather than days and weeks through the post; — elimination of delays in data entry; — error-free data; (c) the standardized approach to processing transactions will simplify operation (company As invoice will not be very different from company B's); (d) processing costs of a transaction, such as an invoice, may be reduced to the order of less than ECU 0.5; (e) transmission costs of a transaction are also greatly reduced.
JIT-teknik inden for vareproduktion og -behandling forudsætter EDI, hvis man skal have sikkerhed for fyldelstgørende kommunikation i for bindelse med varetransporterne mellem fabrikanterne og disses leverandører. randører.
Just-in-time techniques in manufacturing and processing industries are making EDI mandatory to guarantee prompt and accurate communications related to the movement of goods between manufacturers and their suppliers:
Hvis EDI indføres overalt i transportleddet på grundlag af internationalt standardiserede meddelelser mellem afsender, speditør, transportør og disses agenter, og toldvæsenet, skulle nogle af de 30-40 transaktioner, der er baseret på papirdokumenter med de samme oplysninger, kunne erstattes.
Through the integral implementation of EDI in the transport chain with international standard messages between shipper, forwarder, transporter, their respective agents and customs, it should be possible to replace some 30 to 40 paper-document-based transactions, each repeating the same data.
Hvor fejlprocenten ved manuel udfyldelse kan ligge op imod 50 % og der er forsinkelser og flaskehalse i informationsudvekslingen, bliver fordelene ved EDI hurtigt åbenbare.
Where error rates of 50% in manual transcription are common, and there are delays and bottlenecks in the information, the benefits of EDI soon become clear.
De største forventede fordele i transportleddet er:
The major benefits that are aimed for in the transport chain are:
• tidsmæssig bedre tilrettelæggelse i forbindelse med transportreservation og ændring af leveringsplaner; bedre styring af forsendelser og partier, specielt hvor der anvendes flere forskellige transportmidler portmidler
(a) prompt booking of transport services and changes in schedules; better control over the movements of shipments and consignments, especially over multi-modal transport; (b) improved traffic planning and forecasting: leading to improved utilization of equipment and capacity; (c) prompt clearance of payments due to correct and detailed billing; (d) language independence through the use of international standard messages and codes; e. g. for modes of transport, commodity codes, transport equipment, etc.; (e) better customer service; (f) reduction in the clerical workload, paper-handling.
• • sproguafhængighed som følge af anvendelsen af internationale standardmeddelelser og -koder, f.eks. i forbindelse med transport form, varekoder, transportudstyr osv.
The use of EDI at the interface with customs authorities for the declaration of cross-border goods flow will benefit the customs' authorities and the exporter, importer, transporter, forwarders and their respective agents.
• • bedre kundeservice mindre kontor- og papirarbejde.
By replacing paper document by EDI messages, customs will receive more precise information in the declaration without relinquishing any of their control.
Hvor der anvendes EDI i kontaktfladen til toldmyndighederne i forbindelse med angivelse af ind-/udførsel af varer, vil dette være til fordel for såvel toldmyndighederne som eksportøren, importøren, speditørerne og disses respektive agenter.
— Through prompt declaration of exports and imports by the exporter, importer, transporter, forwarder or their representative agents prior
• i og med at eksportøren, importøren, speditørerne og disses re spektive agenter angiver deres ind- og udførsler i tide, får toldvæsenet mulighed for at behandle angivelsen og i givet fald vareforsendelsen, med den mindst mulige forsinkelse for varestrømmen
to the arrival of the goods at customs, customs authorities will be able to examine the declaration and when necessary the goods, with minimal delays to the goods flow. — Declarations can be checked against data in the customs' computer systems without re-entering the data for calculation of import duties, quotas, anti-dumping duties, etc. — More reliable import and export statistics can be collected. — Simpler procedures for the reclamation of import duties following re-export of goods. — Congestion at cross-border points will be reduced even though shorter lead times may attract customers to place smaller orders that may result in more frequent deliveries.
I forening med indførelsen af det administrative enhedsdokument i 1988 og afviklingen af handelsbarrierer og -formaliteter efter 1992 med lemsstaterne imellem, kan EDI give endnu en stimulus til international handel og EF-handel med etableringen af mindre kompleks papirløs handel og mere pålidelige datamat-til-datamat udveksling mellem handelspartnerne. delspartnerne.
Coupled with the introduction of the Single Administrative Document (SAD) in 1988 and the dismantling of trade barriers and formalities after 1992 within the Member States, EDI should provide a further stimulant for international and Community trade through less complex 'paperless' trading and more reliable computer-to-computer interchanges between trading partners.
Der bliver nu sandsynlighed for, at virksomheder, det vil specielt sige små og mellemstore virksomheder, der har været tilbageholdende med international handel, måske fordi de har fundet denne form for handel for bekostelig eller urentabel, kommer til at sælge og købe i udlandet, når først EDI's procedurer er slået igennem inden for deres industri sektor.
Companies that may have held back on international trade, especially small and mediumsized ones, because they may have found international trade too costly or unprofitable, will be more likely to sell and purchase abroad once EDI procedures are well established in their industry sector.
• sproguafhængighed er indbygget i brugen af UN dataelementer og internationale kodesæt; dvs. betalings-og leveringsvilkår, harmoniseret kodningssystem for varer og tjenesteydelser, koder for identificering af parter og steder osv.
(iv) language independence is built in through the use of United Nations data elements and international code sets; e. g. terms of payments and deliveries, harmonized coding system for commodities and services, codes for identifying parties and locations, etc;
• der bliver mindre papirarbejde i forbindelse med handel på tværs af landegrænser og på tværs af transportkæden.
(v) the reduction of the paperwork required in cross-border trade and across the transport chain.
• omkring ni arbejdsgrupper, omfattende meddelelsesudarbejdelse, EDI-syntaks-anvendelse, telekommunikationsrekommandationer, implementering, retlige aspekter, stregkoder og ingeniørdata.
As international or European standard messages were not available in the initial phase of the project, Odette has placed high priority on the development of trade messages, such as an invoice or purchase order between vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers.
ODETTE blev dannet i begyndelsen af 1984 og består af delegererede fra forskellige lande, der repræsententerer både fabrikanter og leverandører i et givet land. De involverede lande er: Belgien, Det Forenede Kongerige, Frankrig, Italien, Nederlandene, Spanien, Sverige og Tyskland.
Odette was formed early in 1984 and is made up of national delegates, representing both the manufacturers and suppliers of the automotive industry in a particular country.
C E FI C- E D i : Det Europæiske Råd for Sammenslutninger
CEFIC-EDI: Council for the European Federation of the Chemical Industry
Arbejdet inden for ODETTE udføres i arbejdsgrupper og strækker sig ud over EDI, idet det også vedrører standarder for stregkodeetiketter, standardiseret emballage og ud veksling af ingeniørdata.
The activities of Odette are carried out through established work groups and extend beyond EDI into bar-coding label standards, standardized containers and the interchange of engineering data.
ODETTE består af:
Odette consists of:
• et Plenarudvalg, et beslutningstagende organ, der samles omkring fire gange om året, bestående af repræsentanter for hvert land
— a plenary committee, a decision-making body, which meets some four times a year, with representatives from each country;
• en ledelse, der består af et medlem fra hvert land
CEFIC represents the 15 national chemical federations of Western Europe.
CEFIC repræsenterer de femten nationale sammenslutninger af kemiske industrier i Vesteuropa.
It has, ascorporate members, most of the major chemical companies with headquarters in Europe.
De fleste af de store kemiske virksomheder, der har hovedkvarter i Euro pa, er medlem.
The CEFIC/EDI first phase (1987-88) in volved 17 corporate members and five federations.