natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Men det viste sig allerede i begyndelsen af tresserne, at markedssituationen ændredes.
In the early 1960s, however, it was already apparent that the market situation had changed.
Udbudet begyndte at overstige efterspørgslen, og den internationale konkurrence blev følelig.
Supply began to exceed demand and international competition was increasing.
De seneste år har været præget af alvorlige økonomiske problemer for sektoren, der viser væsentlige, også strukturelt begrundede, tendenser til overskudsproduktion.
The last few years have been marked by serious economic problems for this sector, which has a strong tendency—likewise of structural origin—towards surplus production.
Det har skabt vanskeligheder for institutionerne at tilpasse de i EKSF-traktaten forudsete betydelige interventionsmidler til situationer, som de ikke i første række var rettet mod.
The institutions experienced difficulty in adapting the considerable means of intervention provided for in the ECSC Treaty to situations for which they had never been designed.
Opgaverne er dog i det væsentlige løst tilfredsstillende.
Nevertheless, the problems that arose in this respect were dealt with in a generally satis­factory manner.
Problemerne i de første år vedrørte bl.a. traktatens regler om offentliggørelse af priserne, om forsyning med visse råvarer og om regulering af konkurrencen.
In the early years the problems related chiefly to the Treaty rules concerning the publi­cation of prices, the supply of certain raw materials and the regulation of competition.
På sidstnævnte område er udviklingen gået mod en stadig større accept af koncentrationer.
With regard to this last area, there was a trend towards increasing acceptance of mergers.
Det erkendes, at konkurrenceforholdene inden for sektoren tilsiger, at produktionen fordeles på et forholdsvist ringe antal virksomheder, som dog ikke hver fór sig må have en dominerende markedsindflydelse.
It became clear that the competition situation in the iron and steel sector called for distribution of production among a relatively small number of undertakings none of which alone, however, would be able to exercise a dominant influence on the market.
De seneste års økonomiske krise har nødvendiggjort direkte og omfattende indgreb i sektoren.
The economic crisis of the last few years has necessitated direct and farreaching inter­vention in the sector.
Krisen har siden 1. januar 1977 ført til en række foranstaltninger, der sigter mod bevarelse af markedets enhed og åbenhed, stabilisering og modernisering af produktionskapaciteten, forbedring af markedssituationen samt omstilling og omskoling af arbejdskraften.
Since 1 January 1977, the crisis has led to the adoption of a number of measures relating to the preservation of the unity and openness of the market, the stabilization and modernization of production capacities, the improvement of the market situation and the occupational rehabilitation and retraining of the workforce.
Foranstaltningerne til forbedring af markedssituationen har været særligt markante.
Especially noteworthy were the measures relating to market improvement.
Markedssituationen har i et vist omfang kunnet forbedres gennem virksomhedernes frivillige medvirken, men det har også været nødvendigt at indføre prisreguleringer på visse områder og i et vist omfang at indføre beskyttelse mod import.
To a certain extent the market situation was improved by voluntary cooperation between undertakings, but it was also necessary to introduce price regulation in several sectors and to institute a measure of protection against imports.
Domstolen har accepteret lovligheden af en kommissionsbeslutning om fastlæggelse af mindstepriser for visse former for betonstål.
The Court of Justice acknowledged the legality of a general decision by the Commission fixing minimum prices for concrete-reinforcing bars.
Den lagde vægt på. at beslutningen var nødvendig for at opretholde stålindustriens og forbrugerindustriernes konkurrencedygtighed, og den understregede, at den europæiske solidaritet kan gøre det acceptabelt, at visse virksomheder må bære større bvrder end andre ).
The Court emphasized that this decision was essential for keeping the iron and steel industry and the user industries competitive and also that it was justified on grounds of European solidarity for certain undertakings to be called upon to bear heavier burdens than others.5
) Dom af 18.3.1980. forenede sager 154. 205. 206. 226-228. 263 og 264/78 (Vasablie m.fl./Kommissionen). Sml. 198(1. s. 907.
The latest developments in the steel industry have shown, however, that the crisis has deepened in spite of the measures taken up to now.
Kommissionen fandt det derfor nødvendigt med hjemmel i traktatens artikel 58 at indføre et bindende og detailleret kvotasystem for produktionen som det vigtigste led i et forsøg på retablering af acceptable markedsforhold6).
ary to establish a system of mandatory and detailed production quotas in accordance with Article 58 in order to restore orderly market conditions.6
Fællesskabet har flere midler til at fremme strukturændringer i kriseramte industrier og at udvikle de teknologisk avancerede industrier.
The Commission has various means at its disposal for promoting structural changes in the industries affected by the crisis and for stimulating the development of advancedtechnology industries.
Der kan ydes mærkbar støtte til omskoling og uddannelse gennem Den europæiske Socialfond, og der kan ydes betydelig investeringsstøtte til strukturændringer og nyinvesteringer gennem Den europæiske Investeringsbank.
Substantial aid for occupational rehabilitation and vocational training can be granted by the European Social Fund, while considerable investment aid can be provided by the European Investment Bank for the purpose of carrying out structural changes and making new investments.
Som omtalt i næste afsnit er Fællesskabets muligheder for at fremme den teknologiske udvikling gennem forskningsstøtte også omfattende.
As will be further explained in the next section, the Community also has at its disposal a range of means for the promotion of technological development through aid to research.
Hertil kommer, at Fællesskabet kan påvirke markedsforholdene gennem en række regulerende foranstaltninger bl.a. af handelspolitisk karakter, og at Kommissionen har vigtige beføjelser til indgriben over for medlemsstaternes statsstøtteordninger.
In addition, the Community can influence the market situation through a number of measures in the field of commercial policy, while the Commission has wide powers to act on the aid systems of Member States.
Tekstil- og skibsværftindustrierne er eksempler på industrier, der er kriseramte, og hvis problemer søges løst på fællesskabsniveau.
Textiles and shipbuilding are examples of crisis-affected sectors in which efforts are being made to resolve the problems at Community level.
En vigtig foranstaltning i den første af de to industrier er »multifiberaftalen«, som Fællesskabet i 1974 indgik med en række tredjelande7). Denne aftale har været grundlag for bilaterale aftaler med en række lavtlønslande med henblik på at begrænse importen af tekstilvarer til Fællesskabet.
The 'Multifibre Arrangement' (Council Decision of 21 March 1974) concluded by the Community with a number of Third World countries was an important measure as far as the textile industry is concerned.7This arrangement served as a framework for the con clusion of bilateral agreements with several low-wage countries for the purpose of regulating imports of textile goods into the Community.
Disse aftaler skal gøre det muligt for fællesskabsindustrien at tilpasse sig den nye konkurrencesituation og at intensivere sine strukturændringsbestræbelser.
These agreements will enable the Community industry to adapt to the new conditions of competition and to intensify its efforts to bring about structural changes.
Skibsværftsindustrien er også i alvorlig international krise.
The international crisis has also had a serious effect on the shipbuilding industry.
Rådet har vedtaget en resolution vedrørende en sanering af sektoren H). hvori alle berørte kredse, både offentlige og private, opfordres til at foretage tilpasninger inden for sektoren med henblik på at bevare en sund og konkurrencedygtig industri, idet der samtidig tages hensyn til Fællesskabets maritime interesser.
The Council has adopted a resolution concerning the improvement of this sector8 whereby all interested parties, both public and private, are urged to carry out internal adjustments designed to ensure the continued existence of a healthy and competitive industry and at the same time to safeguard the maritime interests of the Community.
En vigtig konkret foranstaltning er Rådets direktiv om støtte til værftsindustrien '7). der tilstræber at skabe en fællesskabsdisciplin for medlemsstaternes værftsstøtte.
The Council directive on aid to shipbuilding9is an important measure intended to provide a Community framework for Member States' aid to shipyards.
Kommissionen tilsigter her en begrænsning af støtten til et rimeligt niveau og en sikring af. at støtten fører til en strukturomlægning inden for området.
The Commission thereby hopes to restrict direct aid to a reasonable level and to ensure that it results in a restructuring of this sector.
(Aftalen er Ocre gange blevet fornyet).
1, renewed several times. OJ C 229. 27.9.1978, p. 1.
") Rådets direktiv 78/338/EØF af 4.4.1978.
Council Directive 78/338/EEC of 4 April 1978 (OJ L 98, 11.4.1978).
ER L 98 af 11.4.1978. s. 19. '") Rådets resolution ar 15.7.1974.
Council Resolution of 15 July 1974 (OJ C 86, 20.7.1974, p. 1).
fremme af programmel og anvendelse af databehandling.
execution' of projects in the field of data processing.
Samtidig udstedtes en forordning om fællesskabsstøtte til disse aktioner, der fastsætter kriterier for udvælgelsen af de støtteberettigede projekter ").
At the same time, the Council adopted a regulation on Community support for these activities whereby criteria were laid down for the selection of projects to be subsidized. ' '
Euratom-traktaten tillægger institutionerne omfattende beføjelser af markeds- og strukturpolitisk karakter med henblik på at skabe betingelserne for en stærk kerneenergiindustri.
The Euratom Treaty conferred on the Community institutions extensive powers in the fields of market organization and structural policy, in order to create the conditions necessary for a powerful nuclear industry.
Det er velkendt, at de håb, der blev næret til traktatens virkninger, ikke har kunnet indfries.
It is well known that the hopes that had been cherished as regards the effects of the Treaty have not been realized.
Begrundelsen herfor må søges i den betydning andre energikilder i en længere periode efter traktatens ikrafttræden har haft, og i visse vanskeligheder af overvejende politisk karakter, som har hæmmet den fulde udnyttelse af traktatens virkemidler.
The reasons for this are the continued importance of other energy sources after the Treaty entered into force and the difficulties of an essentially political nature that hindered the utilization of the instruments provided by the Treaty.
Der er dog nu klare tegn på en øget rolle for Fællesskabet også på dette område, ikke mindst inden for det i næste afsnit omtalte forskningsområde.
However, there are now clear signs that the Community is being called upon to play a more important role in this field, particularly as regards the promotion of research, which will be discussed in the next section.
Domstolen har kun enkelte gange haft lejlighed til at beskæftige sig med Euratomtraktaten. Til gengæld har den i disse tilfælde understreget den afgørende rolle, traktaten har tillagt Fællesskabet.
The Court of Justice has rarely had occasion to concern itself with the Euratom Treaty, but when it has had to do so it has stressed the decisive role that the Treaty has assigned to the Community.
Første gang skete det ved dom af 14. december 1971 i sag 7/71 (Kommissionen mod Frankrig)12), hvor den opretholdt retsvirkningerne af traktatens særlige regler om forsyningen af fællesmarkedet med malme og andre fissile materialer, selv om Rådet ikke havde nået den i artikel 76 forudsete enighed om stadfæstelse af de gældende regler eller vedtagelse af nye regler.
It did so for the first time in its judgment of 14 December 1971 in Case 7/71 (Commission of the European Communities ν French Republic),12when it confirmed that Chapter VI of the Treaty concerning the common supply policy for ores, source materials and special fissile materials had not lapsed, even though the Council had not been able, as laid down in Article 76, to confirm the existing provisions or, acting unanimously, to adopt new provisions.
Medlemsstaterne er blevet enige om, fastslog Domstolen, at oprette et fællesskab af ubegrænset varighed, der er givet permanente institutioner med reelle beføjelser, og som hidrører fra en overladelse af beføjelser fra medlemsstaterne til Fællesskabet.
The Court held that Member States had agreed to establish a Community of unlimited duration, having permanent institutions invested with real powers stemming from the transfer of powers from the Member States to that Community.
En opgivelse af de således overladte beføjelser og deres tibagegivelse til medlemsstaterne kan derfor kun ske i medfør af en udtrykkelig bestemmelse i traktaten.
Powers thus conferred could not, therefore, be withdrawn from the Com­munity or restored to Member States except by virtue of an express provision of the Treaty.
Ved afgørelse nr. 1/78 af 14.11.1978l3) blev Fællesskabets betydelige enekompetence til at indgå aftaler med tredjelande og internationale organisationer præciseret på grundlag af en grundig gennemgang af institutionernes opgaver efter traktaten.
Court Ruling 1/78 of 14 November 1978 13sets out, in the light of a detailed analysis of the tasks which the Treaty confers on the institutions, the considerable powers that the Community possesses as regards the conclusion of agreements with nonmember countries and international organizations.
Afsnit II — Forskningspolitikken
Section II — Research policy
Forskningens betydning for den europæiske integration er i de sidste 30 år blevet stadig mere udtalt.
The importance of research to European integration has become more and more apparent in the past 30 years.
Dens betydning var anerkendt på kerneenergiområdet allerede under Euratom-traktatens udarbejdelse.
In the field of nuclear energy, the importance of research was already recognized when the Euratom Treaty was being drawn up.
Forskningen kan endog siges at være en af grundstenene i denne traktat.
It can even be said that research is a cornerstone of that Treaty.
Den første af de opgaver, der tillægges Fællesskabet, er at udvikle forskningen og sikre udbredelsen af teknisk viden.
The first of the tasks assigned to the Com­munity under Article 2 is to promote research and ensure the dissemination of technical information.
Også EKSF-traktaten giver Fællesskabet beføjelser på forskningsområdet.
The ECSC Treaty, too, conferred powers on the Community in matters of research.
Artikel 55 bestemmer, at Kommissionen skal fremme den tekniske og økonomiske forskning, som har betydning for produktionen og udviklingen af forbruget af kul og stål samt arbejdssikkerheden i disse industrier.
Article 55 states that the High Authority shall promote technical and economic research relating to the production and increased use of coal and steel and to occupa­tional safety in the coal and steel industries.
EØF-traktaten indeholder derimod, bortset fra på landbrugsområdet, ingen udtrykkelige beføjelser på forskningsområdet.
The EEC Treaty, on the other hand, contains no provisions expressly relating to research except where agriculture is concerned.
ved hjælp af retsakter udstedt i medfør af artikel 235.
Such action was taken through provisions adopted pursuant to Article 235.
Der har i øvrigt i de senere år været bestræbelser på at integrere Fællesskabets forskningspolitik på de tre traktaters områder til en samlet forskningspolitik for Fællesskabet.
In later years, moreover, efforts were made to integrate the research projects being carried out by the Community in the fields covered by the three Treaties, into an overall Com munity research policy.
Et tegn herpå er, at Det fælles Forskningscenter, der oprindeligt alene havde opgaver inden for kerneenergiens omrade, nu også får overladt opgaver på andre områder.
A sign of this integration is that the Joint Research Centre, which originally worked only on nuclear research, was subsequently assigned projects in other fields.
Fællesskabet begyndte i midten af tresserne at overveje mulighederne for en fællesskabs indsats på forskningens omrude uden for Euratom- og EKSF-traktaternes områder.
About the middle of the 1960s, the Community began to consider the possibility of Community research action outside the areas of the Euratom and ECSC Treaties.
Men det var først med Rådets resolution af 14. januar 1974 om samordningen afden nationale politik og om definitionen af aktioner af fællesskabsinteresse på det videnskabelige og teknologiske område, at der blev skabt et mere formelt grundlag for en generel forskningspolitik på fællesskabsplan14).
But it was only through the Council Resolution of 14 January 1974 on the coordination of national policies and the definition of projects of interest to the Community in the field of science and technology that a more formal basis was created for a general policy on research at Community level.14
Der foregår i fællesskabssammenhæng, navnlig i Udvalget for videnskabelig og teknisk Forskning (CREST), konstante overvejelser vedrørende de forskningsopgaver, der bedst egner sig til en indsats på fællesskabsplan.
In the Community context, notably in the Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CREST), discussion takes place on a regular basis concerning the research tasks best suited to Community action.
De projekter, der bliver enighed om, kan fremmes ved hjælp af en række forskellige virkemidler. Der drejer sig om:
A number of mechanisms are available for promoting activities on which agreement is reached, namely:
— samarbejdsaktioner, dvs. projekter, der gennemføres sammen med ti andre europæiske lande inden for »Det europæiske samarbejde om videnskabelig og teknisk Forskning« (COST-samarbejdet), og hvori dels Fællesskabet, dels medlemsstaterne deltager.
(i) direct-action projects, carried out by the Community through its Joint Research Centre ; (ii) indirect-action projects, wholly or partly managed, coordinated and financed by the Commission; (iii) coordinated joint projects, carried out at national level without financial support from the Community, but planned and coordinated at Community level, the result ing information being disseminated through the Commission; (iv) COST projects, carried out jointly with 10 other European countries within the framework of'European cooperation in the field of scientific and technical research' (COST) and with the participation of both the Community and the Member States.
Der har som nævnt på kerneenergiomrâdet i de seneste år været en positiv udvikling i gang, ikke mindst set på baggrund af den mangeårige krise for Det fælles Forskningscenter.
As stated above, recent years have seen healthy development in the field of nuclear energy, particularly when allowance is made for the fact that the Joint Research Centre had previously passed through a prolonged crisis.
Det lykkedes i 1977 at opnå enighed om oprettelsen af »Fællesforetagendet JET«, det første egentlige fællesforetagende i Euratom-traktatens forstand ), og Rådet vedtog i marts 1980 et nyt flerårigt program for Det fælles Forskningscenter, gældende for 1980-1983 "').
In 1977 agreement was reached on setting up the JET Joint Undertaking, the first real 'joint undertaking' within the mean ing of the Euratom Treaty,15and in March 1980 the Council adopted a multiannual programme for the Joint Research Centre covering the period 1980-83. 16
Det er ikke muligt her at opregne de mange projekter, der udføres på fælleseuropæisk plan.
It would be impossible to enumerate here the many projects being carried out at Com munity level.
Det kan dog nævnes, at en række af de vigtigste projekter er koncentreret om områderne energi og miljø.
It must, however, be pointed out that some of the most important projects are centred on the energy and environment fields.
Fællesskabet har også truffet foranstaltninger til forbedring af mulighederne for udbredelse af viden.
The Community has also taken steps to improve the means for the dissemination of information.
Rådet vedtog i 1975 og 1978 handlingsprogrammer for videnskabelig og teknisk information "). En vigtig konkret foranstaltning på dette område er etablerin-
In 1975 and 1978 the Council adopted action programmes in the field of scientific and technical information.17 An important practical measure in this field is the
gen af det såkaldte Euronet, der giver brugere overalt i Europa direkte adgang til databanker indeholdende videnskabelig og teknisk forskning.
setting-up of Euronet to provide areas throughout Europe with direct access to scientific and technical research data banks.
Et andet vigtigt projekt er automatiseringen af den juridiske dokumentation inden for fællesskabsretten (CELEX).
Another important project is the computerization of legal documentation concerning Community law (Celex).
Afsnit III — Uddannelsespolitikken
Section III — Training policy
Traktaterne indeholder kun få og spredte bestemmelser af betydning for uddannelsessektoren.
The Treaties contain few provisions concerning training.
Vigtig er dog EØF-traktatens artikel 57 om gensidig anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser, der muliggør en vis harmonisering af nationale krav til uddannelserne.
Nevertheless, great import ance attaches to Article 57 of the EEC Treaty, which relates to the mutual recognition of diplomas and provides for some degree of harmonization of national requirements regarding training.
Traktatens bestemmelser om socialpolitikken indeholder også visse beføjelser til fastsættelse af almindelige principper for en fælles politik for erhvervsuddannelse.
The Treaty provisions on social policy likewise provide for certain powers with a view to the definition of general principles for the implementation of a common policy on vocational training.
Det er lykkedes Fællesskabet at få vedtaget direktiver om gensidig anerkendelse af eksaminer og en tilnærmelse af lægeuddannelsen og en række andre højere uddannelser.
The Community has succeeded in its efforts to adopt directives on the mutual recognition of examinations and on the approximation of training courses for the medical and various other professions.
Domstolen har støttet disse bestræbelser ved i dom af 28.4.1977, (Thieffry mod Conseil de l'ordre des avocats à la Cour de Paris)18), at fastslå, at medlemsstaternes myndigheder i et vist omfang er forpligtede til at anerkende udenlandske eksaminer, selv om der ikke er udstedt fællesskabsdirektiver på området.
These efforts were supported by a Court judgment of 28 April 1977 (Thieffry v Conseil de l'ordre des avocats à la Cour de Paris)18in which it was held that the competent authorities of Member States are obliged up to a certain point to recognize foreign examinations even if no Community directives have been issued in the field in question.
Den begrænsede udtrykkelige fællesskabskompetence har ikke forhindret fællesskabsinitiativer på uddannelsesområdet.
The limited extent of the powers expressly provided has not prevented Community in itiatives from being taken as regards training.