natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ombygningen af nettet til større båndbredde vil for første gang gøre videokommunikation via det almindelige opkoblede telekommunikationsnet til en reel teknologisk mulighed.
The trend in both sectors is now towards two-way broadband communications: fibreoptic cable is beginning to put broadband telecommunications channels into the office and home, while modern cable TV systems will increasingly allow two-way communications, the transmission of messages (e.g. requests for particular programmes) from the subscriber/viewer to the transmitter.
Transmission af billeder af høj kvalitet, kræver normalt bredbåndstransmission på over 2 Mbit/s.
The two technologies will clearly merge in the early 1990s.
Allerede nu begynder lyslederkabler at blive almindelige i telekommunikationsnettets langdistanceforbindelser, men abonnenterne tilsluttes stadig ved hjælp af kobberkabler.
The extension of the general telecommunications network into a general purpose network able to carry both narrowband and broadband services will bring the widespread introduction of new categories of service: videoconferencing and videophones.
De sidste få kilometer mellem abonnenterne og centralen repræsenterer en meget stor del af den samlede investering i telenettet — omkring 30% — og udskiftningen heraf, der forventes påbegyndt først i 90'erne, vil tage forholdsvis lang tid.
It will allow TV distribution via the telecommunications network and call forth new ways of operating by both telecommunications administrations and cable TV operators.
Indførelse af datamatintelligens i telekommunikationsnettet og i teleterminalerne har været grundlaget for telematikken, dvs. sammensmeltningen af telekommunikation og databehandling.
TV distribution will be combined more and more with selection and retrieval options.
Indførelsen af lyslederkabler vil give en yderligere sammensmeltning af telematik og den audiovisuelle sektor, dvs. tvtransmission (figur 6).
Large flat panel displays will enhance long-distance videoconferences.
Inden for begge sektorer går tendensen nu i retning af tovejskommunikation ved bredbåndstransmission.
Thus a whole new generation of new broadband services will enter Europe's offices and homes during the 1990s.
De to teknologier vil utvivlsomt smelte sammen i begyndelsen af 90'erne.
Videoconferencing is already taking off on a large scale in the United States, with annual growth rates of more than 15%.
Når først de almindelige telenet er blevet udvidet til et universalt net, der kan fremføre både smalbånds- og bredbåndstjenester, bliver der reelt mulighed for at indføre en lang række nye tjenester såsom videokonferencer og billedtelefoner.
For the new services to reach their full potential will take well into the next century.
Det vil blive muligt at transmittere tv via telenettet, og både teleadministrationerne og kabel-tv-selskaberne vil få nye driftsformer.
GAP, the Group for Analysis and Forecasting, has estimated the eventual potential for videoconferencing at 1 in 10 000 to 1 in 1 000 of total telephones, i.e. some 10 000 to 100 000 videoconferencing participants in the Community.
Tvtransmission vil i stadig større grad give mulighed for program valg og søgning af information.
Videoconferencing involves two or more specially equipped studios being linked up in sound and vision, typically to allow a business meeting to take place without the need for travel.
Store fladskærme vil give videokonferencer af bedre kvalitet.
The potential for videomeetings was estimated at 1 in 100 to 1 in 10 of telephones, i.e. some 1 million to 10 million subscribers.
Datamatstøttet konstruktion vil kunne drage fordel af billeder med høj opløsningsgrad.
Videomeetings will involve desktop videophones — with both voice facility and image on the screen, without the additional highquality features involved in specially equipped studios.
Højhastighedstransmission af data på 2 Mbit/s eller mere vil gøre elektronisk transmission af store dokumenter og af farvebilleder mulig.
The eventual take-up of videophones in house holds is forecast at 1 in 10 to 1 in 4 of present telephone penetration, i.e. 10 to 25 million videophones for the whole of the Community.
Europas arbejdspladser og husstande vil således i løbet af 90'erne få adgang til en helt ny generation af bredbåndstjenester.
The broadband capability which will become available in the general telecommuni cations network will thus draw together the two main strands of communications which have hitherto developed separately, two-way narrowband telephone and data and one way broadband television.
Videokonferencer er allerede ved at vinde frem i USA, med en årlig vækstrate på over 15%.
The Community's RACE programme aims at providing a framework for this integration process in the 1990s. '
De nye tjenester vil først kunne realisere deres fulde potentiel et stykke ind i næste århundrede. GAP ( Gruppen for Analyser og Prognoser) har beregnet, at behovet for
The emergence of satellite technology has added two other dimensions: the dimension of flexibility and the international dimension.
Satellitter: De geografiske grænser bortfalder
Satellites : lifting the limitations of location
Siden den første geosynkrone kommunikationssatellit »Early Bird« i 1965 for første gang transmitterede telefonsamtaler og tv over Atlanten på et kommercielt grundlag, er der sket meget store fremskridt inden for satellitkommunikation (boks 11).
Since 1965, when the first geosynchronous communication satellite 'Early Bird' relayed telephone calls and television across the Atlantic for the first time on a commercial basis, satellite communications have seen dramatic advances (Box 11).
Der er sket en stor udvikling i fredelig udnyttelse af himmelrummet, det være sig til telekommunikation, lokalisering af jordressourcer, navigationshjælpemidler, vejrinformationer, videnskabelig forskning og videnskabelige forsøg.
The peaceful use of space — for telecommunications, earth resources exploration, navigational aid, weather information, scientific research and experiments — has developed rapidly.
Således er allerede 110 lande medlem af Intelsat, 26 europæiske lande er medlem af Eutelsat og 48 lande er med i den globale maritime satellitorganisation, Inmarsat.
Already 110 countries are members of Intelsat, 26 European nations are members of Eutelsat and 48 countries support the Inmarsat global maritime satellite organization.
Der findes allerede spredt over jordkloden flere hundrede store Intelsatantenner, flere tusinde mellemstore jordstationer og flere hundrede tusinde små billige satellitmodtagerantenner, der varetager videre transmission af forskellige tjenester, der sendes ned af de godt 40 kommercielle satellitter.
Hundreds of large Intelsat antennas, thousands of mediumsized earth stations and hundreds of thousands of small lowcost satellite receiving dishes are already spread around the world, relaying different services beamed down by 40 or more commercial satellites.
Det største satellitsystem i Europa, De Europæiske Kommunikationssatellitter ECS, drives af Eutelsat-organisationen.
In Europe, the Eutelsat organization operates the main satellite system — the European communications satellites.
Ydermere vil der blive sat en række nationale og private systemer i drift i de kommende år.
Additionally, a number of national and private systems will enter operation over the next few years.
Den franske telekom munikationssatellit Telecom I har været i drift siden 1984.
The French Telecom 1 telecommunications satellite has been operating since 1984.
Den Europæiske Rumorganisation, ESA, spiller en førende rolle i forbindelse med udviklingen af satellitteknologi og brugen heraf i Europa.
The leading role in developing advanced satellite technology and appli­cations in Europe is played by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Kommunikationssatellitter sender og modtager inden for 6/4 GHz og 14/12 GHz frekvensbåndene.
Communications satellites emit and receive in the 6/4 Ghz and 14/12 Ghz frequency bands.
De er anbragt i et kredsløb i 36 000 km højde og kredser omkring Jorden i samme rotationshastighed som denne, hvorfor de set fra Jorden ser ud til at befinde sig konstant på samme sted (geosynkront kredsløb).
They are placed in orbit at 36 000 km altitude, where they circle the globe at the speed of the earth's rotation and therefore stay fixed with regard to terrestrial location ('geosynchronous orbit').
For at undgå interferens mellem signalerne fra de forskellige satellitter har Den Internationale Telekommunikationsunion (ITU) på verdens plan fastlagt meget strenge regler for, hvor tæt de enkelte satellitter må placeres i forhold til hinanden.
In order to avoid interference between different satellite beams, the available spaceslots have been strictly regulated on a world level by the International Tele­communications Union (ITU).
Lige fra begyndelsen af satellitkommunikationsalderen har man anvendt satellitter til såvel punkt-til-punkt telekommunikation (smalbåndstransmission af taletelefoni og bredbåndstransmission af tv-programmer, der har udgjort Intelsats væsentligste aktiviteter i den transatlantiske trafik indtil dato) som til punkt-til-multipunkt transmission af tvprogrammer til kabel-tv-selskabernes modtagerstationer med henblik på videre formidling af programmerne til den endelige »bruger«.
From the beginning of the satellite communications era, satellites have been used to transmit both point-to-point telecommunications — narrowband voice telephony and broadband television programme transport, Intelsat's main business lines in transatlantic traffic up to now — as well as to broad­cast television programmes point-to-multipoint to headends of cable TV networks which distribute the programmes to the final user.
Eutelsats satellitsystem anvendes i øjeblikket hovedsageligt til rundspredningsformål — dvs. formidling af programmer som f.eks. Super Channel, Music Box, Sky Channel, 3 SAT osv. Den franske tv-kanal TV 5 distribueres nu via Telecom I, der blev opsendt i marts 1988.
The Eutelsat satellite system in Europe is currently being used mainly for broadcasting purposes — distribution of programmes such as Super Channel, Sky Chan­nel, 3SAT, etc.
Et satellitkommunikationssystem består af tre separate komponenter:
Satellite communication systems may be divided into three distinct el­ements, namely :
— jord-til-satellit forbindelsen, dvs. opsendelsen af information til satellitten fra en jordstation med stor sendeeffekt.
(i) the uplink, the beaming up of information to the satellite, from a highpowered earth station.
Dette er altid en fast punkt-til-punkt forbindelse.
This is always considered a fixed point-to-point service;
— rumsegmentet, dvs. transponderudstyret i satellitten, der retransmitterer informationen tilbage til Jorden.
(ii) the space segment, the transponders on the satellite which re-transmit the information back to earth.
Det forventes, at det samlede disponible rumsegment i 1990 målt i antallet af transponderenheder, svarende til 36 MHz transmissionskapacitet, vil være 750 for Intelsai-systemet, over 1 000 for de nordamerikanske systemer, 200 for de europæiske systemer og 400 i resten af verden. I 1984 var den samlede transponderkapacitet i Europa på 30 transpondere.
For 1990 the total available space segment measured by the number of transponders equivalent to 36 MHz transmission capacity is forecast to be 750 for the Intelsat system, more than 1 000 for North American systems, 200 for European systems and more than 400 for the rest of the world.
— satellit-til-jord forbindelsen, der kan antage forskellige former, og f.eks. være en fast forbindelse (punkt-til-punkt telekommunikation), en rundspredningsforbindelse (punkt-til-multipunkt transmission af tv), en mobiltjeneste, der transmitterer direkte ned til mobile modtagerstationer, som f.eks. lastbiler med påmonterede parabolantenner.
(iii) the downlink, which is specified in terms of services, such as a fixed (point-to-point telecommunications) service, a broadcasting (point-to-multipoint TV distribution) service, a mobile service, which beams down to moving receiving stations, such as trucks with rooftop anten­na dishes.
Hvad disse tre områder angår, er der i de seneste år sket en stor udvikling inden for satellitteknologien og satellitternes kapacitet, idet man blandt andet
In all three areas, there have been substantial developments in satellite technology and performance over recent years, in particular the introduction of digital techniques both to transmission and to processing.
Den umiddelbare fremtid for satellitkommunikation vil hovedsageligt blive karakteriseret af to teknologiske tendenser.
The immediate future of satellite communications will be characterized mainly by two technology trends.
For det første vil man gøre brug af meget kraftige satellitter, der kan nedtransmittere tv-programmerne direkte, således at abonnenten kan modtage disse ved hjælp af en tagmonteret parabolantenne med en diameter på 35 cm eller derunder.
Firstly, the entry into service of very high powered satellites suited for directly beaming down television programmes to be received by television receive-only satellite dishes of no more than 35 cm, which can be placed directly on the rooftop of the final subscriber.
De første af disse DBS-satellitter med stor sendeeffekt (Direct Broadcasting Satellites), der vil blive taget i brug, er den franske TDF 1, den tyske TV-SAT 2 og den britiske BSB-satellit.
The first of these highpowered DBS (direct broadcasting satellites) to enter service are to be the French TDF1, the German TV-SAT2, and the UK's BSB satellite.
Den anden teknologiske tendens er, at der er opstået en grå zone mellem satellitter, der anvendes til rundspredning, og satellitter, der anvendes til faste transmissionsforbindelser.
The second technological trend is the growth of a grey area between the roles of broadcasting and fixed transmission satellites.
Dette område omfatter aspekter, såsom faste satellittjenester til varetagelse af punkt-til-multipunkt tjenester (bl.a. formidling af nyheder via satellit til et mindre antal nyhedsagenturer i Europa) på basis af VSAT-antenner. Dette ligner i meget høj grad en rundspredningstjeneste.
This area includes aspects such as fixed satellite services providing a point-to-multipoint ser­vice — such as the distribution of news data by satellite to a number of news agencies throughout Europe — based on VSAT antennas and looking very much like a broadcast service.
Generelt set er der et voksende potentiel for punkt-til-multipunkt tjenester, efterhånden som der fremkommer flere og flere VSAT jordstationer.
Quite generally, there is a growing potential for point-to-multipoint applications linked to the emergence of VSAT earth stations.
I Europa gælder der strenge regler for såvel jord-til-satellit forbindelsen, rumsegmentet og satellit-til-jord forbindelsen.
Uplink, space segment and downlink are strictly regulated in Europe.
Hvad angår rumsegmentet har Intelsat og Eutelsat stort set eneret på at stille kapacitet til rådighed.
The space segment is governed by the virtually exclusive rights of Intelsat and Eutelsat to provide space segment capacity.
Jord-til-satellit forbindelsen og satellit-til-jord forbindelsen hører stort set ind under teleadministrationernes monopol, idet der dog anes en tendens til en liberalisering af tv-antenner, der kun kan anvendes til modtageformål, og i visse tilfælde andre små modtageantenner.
Uplinks and downlinks are generally under exclusive provision of the telecommunications administra­tions, with a perceptible trend to liberalize television receive-only antennas and in some instances other small receiving antennas.
I De Forenede Stater har man siden 1 970'erne gradvis indført en »open sky policy« for satellitkommunikation.
In the United States, an open-sky policy for satellite communications has been introduced progressively since the 1970s.
Et resultat heraf er, at det amerikanske satellitkommunikationsmarked har oplevet en hurtig ekspansion. Der forventes et meget stort marked for VSAT-tjenester.
As a consequence, the US satellite communications market has seen a rapid expansion.
Den øgede fleksibilitet og de mere sofistikerede faciliteter, som satellitkommunikationen byder på, samt fremkomsten af små og billige antenner vil komme
The increased flexibility and sophistication of satellite communications and the arrival of very small and lowcost antenna dishes will play a major role for the European market.
Størstedelen af satellitkommunikationen i Europa varetages af Eutelsat-organi-sationen og den internationale satellitorganisation Intelsat. Endvidere spiller den maritime satellitorganisation Inmarsat en stigende rolle. I 1984 blev den franske telekommunikationssatellit TELECOM I sat i kredsløb.
Satellite communications in Europe are largely provided by the Eutelsat organization and the International Telecommunications Satellite Organiza­tion Intelsat.
Andre nationale og private systemer vil blive sat i omløb i nærmeste fremtid.
Other national and private sys­tems are due to be launched in the near future.
Alle EF-lande er medlemmer af Eutelsat, Intelsat og Inmarsat.
All Community countries are members of Eutelsat, Intelsat and Inmarsat.
Eutelsat, dvs. den europæiske telekommunikations satellitorganisation, blev oprettet ved en aftale mellem de teleadministrationer, som er medlemmer af CEPT, Den Europæiske Konference af Post- og Teleadministrationer.
Eutelsat, the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization was created by an agreement between the telecommunications administrations which are members of the CEPT, the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.
I alt 26 europæiske lande er nu medlem af Eutelsat og hvert land har en investeringsdel, som er baseret på dens brug af systemet. Den samlede investerings andel for EF-landene er på 80%.
Now 26 European countries are members of Eutelsat, each holding an investment share based on its use of the system.
Eutelsat er etableret for at give europæiske teleadministrationer adgang til satellitforbindelser med henblik på transmission af den internationale telefon trafik inden for Europas grænser, og for at give Den Europæiske Radiounion (European Broadcasting Union — EBU) mulighed for at udvide sit system for udveksling af tv-programmer, det såkaldte Eurovisions-net.
Eutelsat was established to provide European telecommunications adminis­trations with satellite links to route international telephone traffic within Europe, and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) with the means to expand its Eurovision system of TV programme exchange.
Efter at Eutelsat I-F1 og Eutelsat I-F2 satellitterne er blevet bragt i kredsløb, har udnyttelsen til tv-transmissioner vist sig at få størst betydning. Eutelsat
Subsequent to the launches of the Eutelsat I-F1 and I-F2 satellites, televi­sion use has turned out to be by far the more important.
udlejer transponderenheder til EBU til transmission af teleprogrammer inden for Eurovisions-nettet.
Eutelsat is leasing transponders to EBU to carry television programmes within the Eurovision network.
Desuden udlejer Eutelsat kapacitet til en række lande, der er medlemmer af Eutelsat, med henblik på formidling af tvprogrammer såsom Super Channel og Sky Channel til kabel-tv-selskaberne.
In addition Eutelsat leases space-segment capacity to a number of Eutelsat Member States for the transmission of TV programmes to cable TV networks, such as Super Channel and Sky Channel.
Eutelsat I-F2 satellitten, der blev sat i kredsløb i 1 984, udgør rumsegmentet for digitale kredsløb til transmission ved en hastighed på 2 Mbit/s via SMS-systemet (Satellite Multiservice System).
The Eutelsat I-F2 satellite launched in 1984 provides space-segment ca­pacity for digital circuits up to 2 Mbit/s via the satellite multiservice system (SMS).
Sådanne kredsløb kan anvendes til mange forskellige tværeuropæiske og internationale erhvervsformål, såsom højhastighedstransmission af data, videokonferencer osv. Også det franske TELECOM 1 system, som er stillet til rådighed for Eutelsat på grundlag af en aftale mellem Eutelsat og France Télécom, giver erhvervslivet adgang til transmissionskapacitet.
Such circuits can be used for a wide range of intra-European international business services, such as highspeed data transmission, videoconferenc­ing, etc. Transmission capacity for business services is also offered via the French Telecom 1 system which has been made available to Eutelsat under an agreement between Eutelsat and France Télécom.
Abonnenter kan tilkobles SMS-systemet enten via en fællesantenne, der betjener et givet erhvervsområde, eller via en særlig hertil beregnet antenne, der kobles direkte til abonnentens udstyr.
A user is connected to the SMS either via a community aerial serving a given business area or via a dedicated aerial linked directly to the user's equipment.
SMS-jordstationernes antenner har en diameter på mellem 3,5 og 5 meter og leveres af medlemsstaternes teleadministrationer.
The SMS earth stations have dish diameters of 3.5 or 5 metres and are provided by the national telecommunications administrations.
Taksterne for brug af SMS-systemet fastsættes ligeledes i de enkelte lande af det pågældende lands egen teleadministration.
Tariffs for the use of the SMS are also fixed in each country by the national telecommunications administrations.
Eutelsat vil sætte en ny generation af satellitter (IF-4, IF-5) i kredsløb i 1988-89.
Eutelsat will launch a new generation of satellites (I-F4, I-F5) into orbit in 1988-89.
Organisationen tæller nu på verdensplan mere end 110 med lemslande.
It now counts worldwide 110 nations as its members.
EF-landenes samlede investeringsandel udgør 25%.
The total investment share of Community countries is 25%.
Intelsat stiller international kommunikationskapacitet til rådighed for teleadministrationerne, og disse videresælger denne kapacitet i form af telefonsamtaler, data- og telexkredsløb, telefaciliteter og satellit-tv-kanaler.
Intelsat provides international communications capacity to telecommuni­cations administrations, which in turn sell this capacity in the form of tele­phone calls, data and telex circuits, telecom facilities and satellite television channels.
Disse tjenester transmitteres via store gate-ways, dvs. satellitjordstationer med antennediametre på 30 meter, hvoraf der findes en eller flere pr. land.
Services are provided using large gateways — satellite earth stations with dish diameters of 30 metres, with one or several per coun­try.
Endvidere har Intelsat for nylig etableret en digital global tjeneste af høj kvalitet. Intelsat Business Service (IBS) formidler tale, faksimile-, telex, dataog videokonferencetjenester.
Additionally, Intelsat has more recently established a highquality digital global service.
Intelnet-tjenesterne tager sig kun af datatransmission og dataindsamling.
The Intelnet services are confined to data distribution and data collection services.
Intelnet anvendes fortrinsvis som datarundspredningstjeneste, hvor modtagelsen foregår med små antenner af en diameter på 60-80 cm (mikroterminaler).
Intelnet is used mainly as a data broadcasting service, with reception provided by small dish aerials of 60 to 80 cm diam­eter, so-called 'micro-terminals'.
Intelsat står umiddelbart for at skulle opsende sin næste generation af satellitter, den såkaldte Intelsat Vl-serie.
Intelsat is currently about to launch its next generation of satellites, the Intelsat VI series.
EF-landenes samlede investeringsdel udgør 26%.
The total investment share of the Community countries is 26%.
Formålet med Inmarsat er at stille den fornødne kapacitet til rådighed i rumsegmentet, således at der kan ske en forbedring af maritim kommunikation, effektivitet og administration af skibe, af de offentlige korrespondancetjenester og radiotermineringstjenester for søfarten.
Inmarsat's purpose is to provide space-segment capacity 'necessary for improving maritime communications, efficiency and management of ships, maritime public correspondence services and radio-location capabilities'.