natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det synes ud fra dommens præmisser berettiget at konkludere, at denne konstatering ikke alene gælder i overgangsperioden — som udløb den 31. oktober 1986 — men også efter denne periode, dvs. det tidspunkt, på hvilket arbejdstagernes frie bevægelighed mellem Fællesskabet og Tyrkiet burde have været gennemført » med støtte i EØF-Traktatens artikel 48, 49 og 50«.
The principle of freedom of movement for workers laid down in Article 48 allowed a national authority to refuse to recognize a diploma conferred in another Member State only if it stated its reasons for doing so and if its decision was open to judicial review.
Den præjudicielle sag 222/86l) vedrørte anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser og den betydning, en sådan anerkendelse har for arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed. G. Heylens, der var belgier og havde et belgisk eksamensbevis som fodboldtræner, var for sæsonen 1984/85 af Lille Olympic Sporting Club blevet ansat som træner og instruktør for klubbens fodboldhold, men måtte indstille sin trænervirksomhed, fordi det franske udvalg for ligestilling af eksamensbeviser nægtede at anerkende hans eksamensbevis som ligestillet med et fransk eksamensbevis som fodboldtræner. ner.
The Court said that where the qualifications necessary for the pursuit of a particular occupation had not been harmonized, Member States were entitled to define such qualifications and to require production of a diploma certifying that the holder possessed them; the procedure for recognition of equivalence had to allow the national authorities to satisfy themselves objectively that the foreign diploma certified that its holder had if not identical at least equivalent knowledge and qualifications to those which the national diploma certified.
I sin dom af 15. oktoberl) fastslog Domstolen, at de franske myndigheders beslutning var i strid med EØF-Traktatens artikel 48.
The existence of a legal remedy against any decision by a national authority refusing to recognize such a right was essential in order to guarantee the individual effective protection of that right.
Domstolen udtalte således, at en af en national myndighed truffet beslutning om afslag på anerkendelse af et eksamensbevis fra en anden medlemsstat kun er forenelig med det ved Traktatens artikel 48 hjemlede princip om arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed, hvis afslaget begrundes, og hvis der består en mulighed for at få det prøvet ved domstolene.
This requirement represented a general principle of Community law, deriving from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States and embodied in Articles 6 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Som konklusion af denne dom kan det udledes, at hvis der ikke er foretaget har monisering af adgangsbetingelserne for et givet erhverv, kan medlemsstaterne fastlægge, hvilke kundskaber og kvalifikationer, der er nødvendige for udøvelsen af det pågældende erhverv, og kræve, at der fremlægges et eksamensbevis, der attesterer sådanne kundskaber og kvalifikationer.
In Case 235/85 Commission the Court held that by not subjecting to the VAT system the public services performed by notaries and sheriffs' officers the Netherlands had failed to fulfil its obligations under Article 2 and Article 4(1), (2) and (4) of the sixth VAT Directive.3
Desuden udtalte Domstolen, at de nationale myndigheder ved behandlingen af sager om anerkendelse af ligestilling objektivt skal kunne konstatere, at indehaveren af et udenlandsk eksamensbevis har kundskaber og kvalifikationer, som er, om ikke identiske med, så dog i det mindste på
The judgment provides a clear delimitation of the exemption from VAT for the activities of public-law bodies acting in their capacity as public authorities.
I overensstemmelse med sin faste retspraksis fastslog Domstolen, at enhver fritagelse fra den generelle regel om, at der skal betales merværdiafgift af enhver varelevering og tjenesteydelse, der præsteres mod vederlag, skal være udtrykkelig og præcis.
In accordance with established precedent the Court held that any exemption from the general rule of liability to VAT whenever goods or services were supplied for consideration had to be express and precise.
Det er derfor udelukket at lade en sådan fritagelse finde anvendelse på aktiviteter, der mod vederlag udøves som selvstændig virksomhed af erhvervsdrivende, der ikke er integrerede i den offentlige administration, og som ikke befinder sig i noget underordnelsesforhold over for de offentlige myndigheder.
The exemption therefore could not apply to activities performed in an independent capacity and against payment by persons who did not form part of a public adminis­tration and did not act on the instructions of a public authority.
Ved dommen i sag 196/85 3) frifandt Domstolen Frankrig i et søgsmål, der var anlagt af Kommissionen, der påstod, at Frankrig anvendte den lempelige afgiftsordning, som gjaldt for visse vine, nemlig såkaldte »v/«s doux naturels« på en måde, der indebar en afgiftsmæssig diskrimination.
In Case 196/85 Commission ν France]the Court dismissed an action brought by the Commission against France concerning alleged tax discrimi­nation arising from the more favourable tax treatment granted in France to certain wines called 'natural sweet wines'.
Kommissionen havde fremført tre klagepunkter : For det første vedrørende begrebet traditionel og sædvanlig produktion som betingelse for, at en vin omfattedes af i) Dom af 26.3.1987 (Kommissionen/Nederlandene, sag 235/85), EFT C 108 af 23.4.1987.
The Court dismissed the first objection on the ground that the criterion of 'traditional and customary production' required to enable a wine to enjoy favourable tax treatment applied without distinction both to national and to imported products.
2) EFT L 145 af 13.6.1977; Ellevte Almindelige Beretning, nr. 219.
It also dismissed the second objection.
3) Dom af 7.4.1987 (Kommissionen/Den Franske Republik, sag 196/85), EFT C 123 af 9.5.1987.
The Commission had withdrawn its third objection during the proceedings since France had amended its legislation to meet this point.
Domstolen forkastede det første klagepunkt med den begrundelse, at kriteriet traditionel og sædvanlig produktion som betingelse for, at en vin kunne omfattes af den lempelige afgiftsordning, uden forskel gjaldt for både indenlandske og importerede produkter.
The Court of Justice held first that the consumer tax on bananas formed part of a general system of internal taxation (excise duties) governed by common rules and applied to categories of products in accordance with objective criteria irrespective of the origin of the products.
Det andet klagepunkt blev ligeledes forkastet. Domstolen bemærkede dog i sin begrundelse, at en kontrolordning — for at være forenelig med proportionalitetsprincippet — skal overlade det til den medlemsstat, som produkterne hidrører fra, at vælge, hvilken fremgangsmåde der skal følges, og hvilken myndighed der skal gennemføre kontrollen, og må ikke gøre anerkendelsen af, at ordningen er af tilsvarende karakter, betinget af, at der forinden er indgået en aftale mellem de pågældende nationale forvaltningsmyndigheder.
The question of its compatibility with Community law had therefore to be examined under Article 95 and not under Articles 9 and 12 (charges having equivalent effect).
Kommissionen tilbagetrak det tredje klagepunkt under proceduren, fordi Frankrig havde efterkommet klagen.
The Court went on to hold that table fruit of typically Italian production and bananas are in a situation of partial competition since bananas offer an alternative choice to consumers of fruit.
I sagen, som Kommissionen havde anlagt med hjemmel i EØF-Traktatens artikel 169, havde den kun henvist til Traktatens artikel 95 og til, at bananer, der var fremstillet i andre medlemsstater (navnlig i de franske oversøiske departementer), diskrimineredes i forhold til indenlandsk fremstillede spiselige frugter.
Finally, Article 95 supplemented the provisions of the Treaty concerning the elimination of customs duties and charges having equivalent effect, since its aim was to ensure free movement of goods between the Member States by the elimination of all forms of protection that might result from the application of discriminatory internal taxation.
Domstolen i Milano havde udvidet spørgsmålet til også at omfatte Traktatens artikel 9 og 12 samt bananer med oprindelse i tredjelande, som var bragt i fri omsætning i de andre medlemsstater.
It followed that an interpretation of Article 95 which excluded its application to products in free circulation would attain a result contrary both to the spirit of the Treaty as expressed in Articles 9 and 10 (free movement of goods) and to its system (the Court expressly mentioned the exclusive competence of the Community for commercial policy in relation to nonmember countries).
Domstolen fastslog for det første, at forbrugsafgiften på bananer indgik som led i en generel intern afgiftsordning (punktafgifter), der var underkastet fælles regler, og som ud fra et objektivt kriterium gjaldt for bestemte kategorier af produkter uden hensyntagen til deres oprindelse.
Consequently, Article 95 of the Treaty concerned all products coming from Member States, including products from nonmember countries which are in free circulation in the Member States.
Spørgsmålet om denne afgift var forenelig med fællesskabsretten skulle derfor bedømmes på grundlag af EØF-Traktatens artikel 95 og ikke på grundlag af Traktatens artikel 9 og 12 (afgifter med tilsvarende virkning som told).
This last statement, which is contrary to the restrictive interpretation of Article 95 proposed both by the Commission and by Mr Advocate General Lenz, makes the judgment in Cooperativa Co-frutta a landmark in the application of the fundamental principle of prohibition of tax discrimination.
Den afgift, der udelukkende var pålagt bananer, er derfor i strid med EØF-Traktatens artikel 95, stk. 2, eftersom den kan beskytte den indenlandske frugtproduktion.
In Case 356/85 Commission ν Belgiumλthe Court dismissed an action brought by the Commission against Belgium, which applies a higher rate of VAT on wine of fresh grapes, an imported product, than on beer, a domestic product.
Endvidere blev det fastslået, at artikel 95 udgør et supplement til Traktatens bestemmelser om afskaffelse af told
The Commission argued that this infringed Article 95 of the EEC Treaty.
Domstolen dømte i sin dom af 17. september2) Frankrig for beskatning af importerede biler med en afgiftspligtig motorkraft på over 16 CV; 16 CV er det største cylindervolumen, der fremstilles i Frankrig.
The Court decided against France in Feldain ν Directeur General des Impôts, ' concerning the French system of taxation on imported motor cars with a taxable horsepower rating of over 16, which corresponded to the largest cylinder capacity manufactured in France.
Domstolen kendte for ret, at et sådant automobilafgiftssystem, som dels ved indførelse af en afgiftsgruppe, der omfatter flere kategorier afgiftspligtig motorkraft end de øvrige afgiftsgrupper, bremser afgiftens normale progression til fordel for de
The Court said that a system of road tax of that kind, in which one tax band comprised more taxable power ratings than the others, with the result that the normal progression of the tax was restricted in such a way as to afford an advantage to top­of­the­range cars of domestic manufacture, and in which the taxable power rating was calculated in a manner which placed vehicles imported from other Member States at a disadvantage, had a discriminatory or protective effect within the meaning of Article 95 of the Treaty.
2) Dom af 17.9.1987 (M. Feldain/generaldirektøren for skatteadministrationen, sag 433/85), EFT C 274 af
Following the judgment France introduced a new system of road tax, which appeared to be based on neutral criteria but in fact allowed the discriminatory taxation of imported cars to continue.
393 dyreste indenlandsk fremstillede automobiler, og som dels indeholder en beregningsmetode for fastsættelsen af den afgiftspligtige motorkraft, der er til skade for biler indført fra andre medlemsstater, har en diskriminatorisk eller beskyttende virkning i den i Traktatens artikel 95 forudsatte betydning.
The Court said that the appointing authority could, without casting any doubt on the ability of one applicant to perform the duties of group head in a translation department, nevertheless take the view, in the light of trial periods spent performing the relevant duties, that another candidate was better suited to the particular post.
Efter denne dom havde Frankrig indført et nyt afgiftssystem, der tilsyneladende byggede på neutrale kriterier, men som i virkeligheden opretholdt en diskriminerende beskatning af importerede biler.
Nor could it be maintained that such an approach reflected a general prejudice against women, and was therefore contrary to the principle of equal treatment for men and women.
Den omstændighed, at der er kvindelige ansøgere til den pågældende stilling, samt princippet om ligebehandling af mænd og kvinder er i den forbindelse uden betydning. «
But the Court allowed the intervention, on the ground that respect for the principle of equality between men and women did fall under the heading of the general interests of the staff which the intervener proposed to defend.
Domstolen udtalte videre : » Uden generelt at betvivle sagsøgerens egnethed til at beklæde stillingen som gruppeleder, kunne ansættelsesmyndigheden på baggrund af de praktiske erfaringer med hensyn til udførelsen af de pågældende arbejdsopgaver skønne, at Tutzschky var bedre egnet til at beklæde denne særlige stilling. «
The Court added that a new and important question of principle was raised by the applicant's argument that where there was clear under-representation of women the prin­ciple of equality would require a particularly detailed statement of reasons for the rejection of an application by a female officer; the answer to that question would have direct implications for female officials at the Commission.
»Det findes i den sammenhæng ligeledes unødvendigt at tage stilling til det synspunkt, som alene intervenienten har fremført, og hvorefter kvindelige ansøgere under alle omstændigheder skal have en fortrinsret; intervenienten har nemlig selv kun støttet dette synspunkt i tilfældet, hvor ansættelsesmyndigheden skal vælge mellem en kvinde og en mand, som efter dens opfattelse begge er lige egnede og kvalificerede til den pågældende stilling, en betingelse, der ikke er opfyldt i den forliggende sag, hvilket fremgår af det ovenfor anførte. «
Mrs Delauche argued that where several applicants were equally qualified for a post and one sex was seriously under-represented at the level in question preference should be given to an applicant of the under-represented sex.
') Dom af 9.5.1985 (Michel Humblot/skattedirektøren i Vesoul, sag 112/84), EFT C 133 af 1.6.1985. 2) Dom af 12.2.1987 (Bonino/Kommissionen, sag 233/85), EFT C 57 af 5.3.1987.
The Court rejected this contention in this case, citing the Commission's answer to her original complaint, from which it emerged that the Commission did not
I sag 111/86 ') krævede fru Delauche, der er tjenestemand, annullering af en afgørelse, ved hvilken Kommissionen havde udnævnt en anden kandidat til en opslået ledig stilling som kontorchef.
In two judgments2the Court upheld the legality of a Commission Regulation taking transitional measures in anticipation of a change in the green rates for the German mark for cereals and sugar, which had been decided by the Council and was to take effect from 1 January 1985.3The Commission's objective was to avoid massive sales of cereals and sugar into intervention, for purely speculative reasons, towards the end of 1984.
Fru Delauche gjorde således gældende, at når flere kandidater findes lige egnede til at besætte en stilling, og der for det ene køns vedkommende er tale om en stærk underrepræsentation i den pågældende stillingsgruppe, skal der gives fortrinsret til en kandidat, der tilhører det underrepræsenterede køn.
On the procedural point the Court confirmed that the Commission was entitled itself to determine whether a particular case was a matter of urgency or indeed of the 'greatest urgency'.
Domstolen afviste anbringendet under henvisning til det svar, der var givet på fru Delauches klage, og hvoraf det fremgik, at Kommissionen ikke havde fundet hende lige så egnet som den anden kandidat til at besætte den pågældende stilling, hvilket gjorde det overflødigt for Domstolen at tage stilling til, om en kandidat tilhørende det underrepræsenterede køn faktisk nyder en sådan fortrinsstilling, hvis de i anbringendet anførte forudsætninger er opfyldt.
On the second question the Court rejected the German Government's argument that despite the broad wording used the powers conferred on the Commission were delegated for the sole purpose of fixing compensation for the fall in prices for marketing and processing undertakings in Germany towards the end of 1984. The Court held that the powers delegated were sufficiently broad to allow the Commission to take transitional measures bringing forward by three months the changes in the green rates for Germany which under the Council Regulation were to take place on 1 January 1985.
En række margarinefabrikanter har anlagt erstatningssøgsmål mod Kommissionen i anledning af den såkaldte »julesmør «-kampagne, der fandt sted ved udgangen af 1984.
Several margarine manufacturers brought actions against the Com­mission in respect of losses suffered as a result of the 'Christmas butter' scheme at the end of 1984.
IV-2 proportionalitetsprincippet dels forbuddet mod forskelsbehandling af producenter inden for Fællesskabet.
The operation consisted in the sale to consumers of large quantities of stored butter at a price close to or below that of margarine; the applicants argued that this was unlawful, because it was outside the Com­mission's powers and because it was contrary to the objectives of the common agricultural policy, the principle forbidding discrimination between Community producers, and the principle of proportionality.
Domstolen, der hermed underkendte generaladvokatens forslag til afgørelse, afviste samtlige klagepunkter i de tre domme, der blev afsagt den 11. martsl). Den fastslog bl. a., at den delegation af kompetence, som Rådet havde givet Kommissionen på landbrugsområdet, skulle fortolkes meget bredt.
In three judgments delivered on the same day, the Court rejected all of these objections, against the advice of the Advocate General.1It confirmed in particular that the powers delegated by the Council to the Commission in the agricultural sphere were to be interpreted very broadly.
Domstolen bemærkede i øvrigt, at forbuddet mod forskelsbehandling ikke er ensbetydende med, at produkter, der konkurrerer med hinanden, eller som er til dels subsidierbare (smør og margarine) skal behandles ens, idet forbuddet snarere går ud på at sikre ligebehandling af producenter.
The Court also con­firmed once again that the prohibition of discrimination did not mean that goods which were competing or which were partial substitutes (butter and margarine) had to be treated in an identical fashion, but rather that producers had to be treated equally.
Da der her er tale om to forskellige markedsordninger (mejeriproduk­ter og fedtstoffer), der er fundamentalt forskellige, og hvor markedssituationen for hver produktgruppe er forskellig (der tænkes her navnlig på krisen inden for meje­risektoren), kan producenterne ikke siges at befinde sig i en situation, der kan sammenlignes.
Where there were two common organizations of the market (in milk products and fats) with very different characteristics, and with markets in different situations (with particular reference to the crisis in milk), producers found themselves in different situations.
Der er derfor ikke tale om forskelsbehandling, når disse producent­grupper behandles forskelligt.
There was therefore no discrimination if they were treated differently.
Domstolen fandt ligeledes, at proportionalitetsprincippet ikke var blevet krænket trods aktionens begrænsede effektivitet, fordi der her var tale om en foranstaltning, der kunne mindske overskudslagrene.
The Court held that the principle of proportionality had not been infringed, even though the operation was of limited effectiveness, because the measure did help to reduce surpluses.
De nærmere omstændigheder var følgende : Rådet havde for at yde kompensation for det tab, som de tyske landbrugere ville lide som følge af vedtagelsen af Rådets forordning af 31. marts 19843), der havde til formål at afvikle de positive mone­tære udligningsbeløb, givet Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland tilladelse til — med virkning fra 1. januar 1985 — at yde tyske landbrugere en særlig støtte i form af momslettelse på op til 3%.
In order to compensate German farmers for the loss of revenue they would suffer as a result of the adoption of Council Regulation No 855/84,3which sought to dismantle positive MCAs, the Council authorized Germany to grant its farmers special aid from 1 January 1985 onwards, consisting of VAT relief of up to 3%.
I maj 1984 anmodede den tyske regering Kommission­en om tilladelse til at fremskynde udbetalingen af støtten til 1. juli 1984 og forhøje momsrefusionen til 5 %.
In May 1984 the German Government asked the Commission for authorization to bring forward this aid to 1 July 1984, and to increase the rate
') Dommene af 11.3.1987 (Rau/Kommissionen, sagerne 279, 280, 285 og 286/84); (Vandemoortele/Kommissionen, sag 277/85 ; ( Van Den Bergh/Kommissionen, sag 265/85), EFT C 95 af 8.4.1987 og EFT C 96 af 9.4.1987. 2) Dom af 15.1.1987 (Groupement agricole d'exploitation en commun (GAEC) de la Segaude/Rådet og Kommissionen, sag 253/84), EFT C 34 af 12.2.1987.
Joined Cases 279, 280, 285 and 286/84 Walter Ran Lebensmittelwerke and Others ν EEC; Case 27/85 Vandemoortele ν Commission; and Case 265/85 Van den Bergh en Jürgens and Others ν Commission: OJ C 95, 8.4.1987, and OJ C 96, 9.4.1987.
3) EFT L90 af 1.4.1984; Attende Almindelige Beretning, nr. 445. ■») EFT L 185 af 12.7.1984; Attende Almindelige Beretning, nr. 446.
OJ L 90, 1.4.1984; Eighteenth General Report, point 445.
GAEC anlagde erstatningssøgsmål i henhold til EØF-Traktatens artikel 215, men Domstolen frifandt sagsøgte, idet den blot konstaterede, at sagsøgeren ikke havde kunnet påvise, at der var lidt et tab, og at der forelå årsagsforbindelse mellem den anfægtede beslutning og det påståede tab.
GAEC brought an action for damages pursuant to Articles 2 and 5 of the Treaty; the Court dismissed the action, confining itself to the finding that the applicant had not shown that damage had actually occurred or that there was a causal link between the measure complained of and the alleged damage.
På denne baggrund var der ikke anledning til for Domstolen at tage stilling til lovligheden af Rådets beslutning af 30. juni 19841).
It was therefore unnecessary to decide on the lawfulness of the Council Decision of 30 June 1984.
Hvad angårfiskeri, skal man her nævne to vigtige domme, der blev afsagt den 16. juni2) i de såkaldte »Romkes«-sager.
The two Romkes were important landmarks in fisheries
I sag 46/86 fastslog Domstolen, at Rådets forordning af 19. december 19843), hvori de samlede tilladte fangsmængder (TAC) for rødspætter i Nordsøen blev fastsat og fordelt i nationale kvoter efter den samme nøgle, som allerede var blevet fastsat for 1982, var lovlig, selv om en medlemsstats kvote var opfisket, medens visse andre medlemsstaters kvoter hvert år viste sig kun at være til dels opfisket.
In Romkes ν Officier van Justitie the Court held that Council Regulation No 1/85,3which divided the total allowable catch for plaice in the North Sea into national quotas according to the same formula already used for 1982, was valid although the quota of one Member State was exhausted while those of certain other Member States remained partially unused each year.