natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Efter oprettelsen af EKSF akkrediterede Det forenede Kongerige Den Høje Myndighed en fast delegation. Dette eksempel efterfulgtes i 1962 af Sverige 2) og kort tid efter af visse andre vesteuropæiske lande.
Shortly after the establishment of the ECSC, the United Kingdom accredited a per manent delegation to the High Authority; in 1952, this example was followed by Sweden2and, a little later, by some other West European States.
USA foretog også hurtigt akkreditering af en ambassadør til Den Høje Myndighed. I 1954 blev det Japans tur som det første land i det fjerne østen.
The United States did not take long to accredit an ambassador to the High Authority.
Disse repræsentationer havde til opgave at varetage deres landes interesser på samme måde som diplomatiske repræsentationer mellem stater.
The task of these missions was to look after their country's interests in the same way as diplomatic missions between States.
Den 13. marts 1958 blev ambassadør Butterworth fra USA den første diplomat, der blev akkrediteret EØF 3).
On 13 March 1958, Ambassador Butterworth of the United States became the first diplomat to be accredited to the EEC.3Some months later, the example of the United
Nogle måneder senere fulgtes USA's eksempel af Grækenland, Israel, Danmark og Japan.
States was followed by Greece, Israel, Denmark and Japan. By May 1960.
I maj 1960 var der placeret 13 diplomater ved EØF.
13 diplomats were stationed with the EEC.
Siden er disses antal vokset konstant, og den 1. februar 1981 havde 118 stater diplomatiske repræsentationer ved Fællesskabet, selv om størstedelen af de repræsentanter, der er akkrediteret Fællesskabet, samtidig er ambassadører i Belgien.
Since then, the number has steadily increased and, on 1 February 1981, 118 States had a diplomatic mission to the Community, although the majority of representatives accredited to it also served as ambassador to the King of the Belgians.
Bruxelles er derfor blevet et af de største diplomatiske centre i verden.
As a result, Brussels has become a major diplomatic centre.
Doyen for det diplomatiske korps ved Det europæiske Fællesskab er den pavelige nuntius.
The doyen of the diplomatic corps accredited to the Community is the Apostolic Nuncio. cio.
Retsreglerne vedrørende de diplomater, som er akkrediteret Fællesskabet, er ikke helt klare.
The legal position concerning the diplomats accredited to the Community is not very clearly defined.
Wienertraktaten af 1961 vedrørende diplomatiske forbindelser, som regulerer diplomaters retsstilling, kan ikke anvendes, da dens bestemmelser kun finder anvendelse på diplomatiske forbindelser mellem stater.
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, which governs the status of diplomats, is no guide because its provisions apply only to the diplomatic
Wienertraktaten af 1975 vedrørende staternes repræsentanter ved internationale organisationer finder kun anvendelse på verdensorganisationer, og denne traktat er desuden ikke blevet ratificeret af Fællesskabets medlemsstater.
relations between States. The Vienna Convention of 1975 on the representation of States in their relations with international organizations of a universal character is applicable only to world organizations; in any case, the Convention has not been accepted by the Member States of the Community.
Ligeledes kan der i dette tilfælde kun hentes begrænset hjælp i den klassiske folkeretlige sædvaneret, da denne kun finder anvendelse på forbindelserne mellem stater, og den derfor ikke tager i betragtning, at såvel den stat, i hvilken den diplomatiske repræsentation har sit virke, som Fællesskabet og den stat, der har udsendt en diplomat, har direkte interesser i den diplomatiske repræsentation.
Nor does classic international customary law offer much assistance in this case, since it is concerned with relations between States and, in consequence, takes no account of the fact that, in addition to the Community and the State which has a diplomat en poste, the receiving State also has a direct interest in the diplomatic mission.
Førstnævnte stat må nemlig indrømme diplomaterne de sædvanlige privilegier og immunitetsrettigheder og bære de ulemper, der er forbundet hermed, hvis den diplomatiske mission ikke respekterer sine forpligtelser (hvis den f.eks., indsmugler narkotika i kurerposten).
It must, in fact, grant the usual privileges and immunities and will suffer the consequence if a diplomatic mission fails to honour its obligations (for example, by carrying drugs in the diplomatic bag).
Fællesskabet har aldrig afsluttet aftaler vedrørende sit hjemsted, da beslutning herom ikke har kunnet træffes.
The Community has never concluded agreements relating to its seat because it has not been able to decide where the seat should be situated.
I S 17 i den protokol om De europæiske Fællesskabers privilegier og immuniteter, som blev vedtaget samtidig med fusionstraktaten, hedder det, at den medlemsstat, på hvis område Fællesskabernes hovedsæde befinder sig, skal indrømme de af tredjeland hos Fællesskaberne akkrediterede repræsentationer sædvanlige diplomatiske privilegier og immuniteter.
Article 17 of the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the European Communities, which was adopted at the same time as the Merger Treaty, provides that the Member State in whose territory the Com munities have their seat shall accord the customary diplomatic immunities and privileges to missions of nonmember countries accredited to the Communities.
Derfor indrømmer Belgien repræsentationer ved Fællesskabet samme stilling, som landet indrømmer repræsentationer ved den belgiske regering 4). Dette vil sige, at en repræsentation for en stat, der på grund af politiske spændinger kun nyder begrænsede privilegier i Belgien, er undergivet samme begrænsninger med hensyn til sin repræsentation ved Fællesskabet.
For this reason, Belgium grants to missions accredited to the Communities the same status as it does to missions accredited to the Belgian Government.4This means that if, because of strained political relations, the mission of a State enjoyed only limited privileges in Belgium, it would be subject to the same restrictions in fulfilling the same capacity in respect of the Community.
Hvis f.eks. østeuropæiske lande oprettede missioner ved Fællesskabet, ville disse derfor kun have begrænset bevægelsesfrihed i Belgien.
Consequently if, for example, countries in Eastern Europe accredited missions to the Community, they would be subject to travel restrictions in Belgium.
Indtil 1966 skete der akkreditering af udenlandske diplomater til Den Høje Myndighed (senere Kommissionen) i EKSF og Kommissionen for de øvrige Fællesskaber.
Until 1966, foreign diplomats were accredited to the High Authority (subsequently, the Commission) of the ECSC and to the Commissions of the other Communities.
Navnlig inden for rammerne af EØF var denne akkreditering ledsaget af et vist ceremoniel ). Ved indgåelsen af Luxembourg-forliget i januar 1966 besluttedes det med hensyn til EØF og Euratom, at diplomater fremtidig skulle akkrediteres både Rådet og Kommissionen.
There was a certain degree of formality attached to accreditation, especially in the case of the EEC.5On the occasion of the compromise agreement concluded in Luxembourg in January 1966, it was decided that, in the case of the EEC and the EAEC, diplomats would, in future, be accredited to both the Council and the Commission.
I praksis skete denne akkreditering samme dag, idet enslydende akkreditiver blev tilstillet Rådet og Kommissionen6). Til sidst faldt ceremoniellet dog bort.
In practice, accreditation took place on the same day and identical credentials were presented to the Council and to the Commission.6The formality at the Commission was eventually discontinued.
Selv om denne ændring ikke betyder meget i realiteten, har den dog betydet en vis svækkelse af Kommissionens stilling. Dette ceremoniel havde nemlig bestyrket opfattelsen i tredjelande af Kommissionen som det centrale organ inden for Fællesskabet.
Although of no fundamental importance, the change indicated a weakening of the Commission's position, since the formality had confirmed nonmember States in their belief that the Commission was the central organ of the Community.
Ændringen har næppe officielt kunnet fortolkes på anden måde end et tegn på en forskydning af magtforholdene.
As an official change, it could scarcely fail to be interpreted as a shift in the balance of authority.
Både med hensyn til oprettelsen af diplomatiske forbindelser og til godkendelse af en bestemt person som repræsentant kræves der enstemmighed i Rådet7). Hver enkelt medlemsstat kan således nedlægge veto over for enhver repræsentation og enhver ambassadør.
Both for the establishment of diplomatic relations and for the acceptance of a diplomat as persona grata, the Council's decision must be unanimous.7Each Member State has, accordingly, a right of veto regarding every mission and every ambassador.
Den aktive gesandtskabsret
The right to establish missions
A. Repræsentationer ved internationale organisationer
A. Missions to international organizations
I kraft af deres opgaver skal Fællesskabet opretholde nære forbindelser med internationale organisationer, særligt på det økonomiske område.
Their task obliges the Communities to maintain close links with international organizations, especially in the economic field.
I denne henseende kan medlemsstaterne hver for sig om fornødent tillige samlet gøre brug af deres diplomatiske missioner, men Kommissionen følte meget tidligt behov for en særlig repræsentation.
To this end, the Member States can, individually or as need arises jointly, work through their diplomatic missions but the Commission soon felt the need for separate representation.
Da kun de færreste af disse organisationer har beføjelser til at etablere permanente diplomatiske missioner ved Fællesskabet, kunne Kommissionen kun knytte faste forbindelser med disse organisationer ved at oprette repræsentationer hos disse.
Since the majority of these organizations are not empowered to establish permanent missions to serve with the Community, the only way in which the Commission could forge permanent links with them was by sending missions to serve with them.
Den 15. februar 1964 oprettede Kommissionen en fast delegation i Genève med Pierre Nicolas som formand, og han blev med hensyn til udførelsen af sine opgaver ligestillet med en ambassaderåd.
On 15 February 1964, the Commission installed a permanent delegation in Geneva which was headed by Mr Pierre Nicolas who, on the basis of his reponsibilities. was given the status of Embassy Counsellor.
Denne delegation fik til opgave at varetage Fællesska­bets interesser ved de internationale organisationer, der har sæde i Genève, herunder navnlig GATT, ILO, FN's økonomiske kommission for Europa (EEC) og senere UNCTAD.
The mission was made responsible for looking after the Community's interests in the context of the international organizations in Geneva, which included the GATT, the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and. later, Unctad.
Ved brev af 28. juli 1964 til kommisær Rey gav den schweiziske regering denne faste repræsentation samme status som statsrepræsentationerne ved de internatio­nale organisationer, som har deres sæde i Schweiz.
By letter of 28 July 1964 addressed to Commissioner Rev. the Swiss Government granted the permanent delegation the same status as that of the missions of States serving with international organ izations based in Geneva.
Kommissionen har ligeledes en officiel repræsentation ved De forenede Nationer i New York.
The Commission also has an official mission at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York.
I begyndelsen havde denne repræsentation kun uformel karakter, men siden 1976 har den ligeledes haft diplomatisk status, der er tillagt den ved skrivelse af 4. august 1977 fra udenrigsminister Henry Kissinger til kommissær Christopher Soames.
It was originally an unofficial mission but it has enjoyed diplomatic status since 1976; recognition of this was given in a letter sent to Commissioner Christopher Soames by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on 4 August 1977.
I Paris har Fællesskabet en repræsentation ved OECD, og denne varetager ligeledes deres interesser ved UNESCO.
In Paris, the Communities have a mission to the OECD which, as necessary, also looks after their interests at Unesco.
Fællesskabernes repræsentation i Wien har særlig stor betydning for forbindelserne mellem Euratom og Det internationale Atomenergiagentur (IAEA). Denne repræsentation kan ligeledes varetage Fællesskabernes interesser over forde af FN's underorganisationer, som har sæde i Wien.
The mission of the Communities in Vienna is of special importance to the relations between the EAEC and the International Atomic Energy-Agency (IAEA); it also keeps a watch on Community interests at the United Nations organs established in Vienna.
Disse repræsentationer ved internationale organisationer varetager først og frem­mest forholdsvis uformelle forbindelser med disses sekretariater. Deres eksistens og sammensætning er meddelt disse sekretariater.
These missions to international organizations provide relatively informal contact with the secretariats and their appointment and composition are notified to the secretariats.
Som følge heraf er det vanskeligt af oprettelsen af disse repræsentationer at udlede en folkeretlig anerkendelse af dem fra den pågældende organisations side.
It is correspondingly difficult to conclude that the establish ment of these missions constitutes recognition by the organization concerned in terms of public law.
Det siger imidlertid sig selv, at de kan styrke Fællesskabets internationale stilling.
Nevertheless, they strengthen the international position of the Community.
Der eksisterer kun få retsregler angående internationale organisationers ret til at udsende diplomater.
There are few legal rules on the subject of the right of international organizations to establish missions abroad.
Kun de færreste internationale organisationer har nogensinde haft brug for selv at gøre dette.
The right to send envoys to a post, even more than the right to receive them, has remained the prerogative of States.
Efter ikrafttrædelsen af associeringsaftalen i 1955 etablerede EKSF straks en permanent delegation i London.
installed a permanent delegation in London.
De øvrige Fællesskaber fandt også meget hurtigt behov for at have repræsentationer i de vigtigste hovedstæder med den opgave at opretholde forbindelser med de forskellige regeringsorganer.
Shortly afterwards, the other Communities also felt the need for a mission in the main capitals which would be responsible for maintaining contact with various government departments.
Det var navnlig Kommissionen, der insisterede på, at sådanne repræsentationer skulle oprettes.
The Commission was the prime mover in pressing for these missions to be set up.
I februar 1960 akcepterede Rådet principielt, at Fællesskaberne skulle have ret til at udsende diplomater.
In February 1960, the Council accepted in principle that the Communities were entitled to have diplomatic representation.
I december 1960 krævede Europa-Parlamentet, at der skulle oprettes repræsentationer i tredjelande8). Det kom dog til at vare helt til 1968, førend den første diplomat for de tre fællesskaber (Linthorst Hornan) blev akkrediteret et tredjeland (Det forenede Kongerige).
In December 1960, the European Assembly pressed for the establishment of missions in nonmember countries.8 However, it was not until 1968 that the first diplomatic representative of the three Communities (Mr Linthorst Hornan) was accredited to a nonmember State (the United Kingdom).
Den anden repræsentation for Fællesskabet, der blev oprettet i et tredjeland, blev Kommissionens repræsentation i Washington.
The second mission which the Community set up in a nonmember State was the mission of the Commission to Washington.
I 1972 gav USA's præsident i henhold til udtrykkeligt mandat fra Kongressen denne repræsentation de samme privilegier og immuniteter som andre udenlandske diplomtiske repræsentationer 9).
In 1972, by express authority of Congress, the President of the United States granted to the mission the privileges and immunities of foreign diplomatic missions.9
I 1974 oprettede Kommissionen en repræsentation i Tokyo.
In 1974, the Commission established a mission in Tokyo.
Ved aftale indgået den 11. marts 1974 mellem Kommissionen og den japanske regering blev der ligeledes tillagt denne repræsentation diplomatisk status.
This mission, too, was accorded diplomatic status, in an agreement concluded between the Commission and the Japanese Government on 11 March 1974.
Ligeledes har Kommissionens repræsentation i Canada næsten samme stilling som en diplomatisk mission.
Similarly, the status of the Commission's mission to Canada is almost the same as that of a diplomatic mission.
Med henblik herpå blev den canadiske lov om internationale organisationers privilegier og immuniteter ændret i 1975 '").
To this end, the Canadian law on the privileges and immunities of international organizations was amended in 1975.1C'
Særlig med henblik på ydelse af udviklingshjælp har Fællesskabet for nylig oprettet missioner i adskillige udviklingslande.
In particular, as part of its development aid programme, the Community has recent ly set up missions in many developing countries.
I de fleste tilfælde er der tale om mindre missioner, som styres af en delegeret for Kommissionen, og som kun har klart afgrænsede opgaver.
Most of these are small missions, headed by a delegate of the Commission, and have clearly defined responsibilities.
Alt i alt havde Kommissionen i oktober 1980 repræsentationer i 56 stater ").
In October 1980, the Community had missions in a total of 56 States. "
I alle de berørte hovedstæder er repræsentanterne for Kommissionen ligestillet med diplomater, dog således at de er optaget for sig i slutningen af fortegnelsen over diplomater.
In all the capitals concerned, the representatives of the Commission are treated as diplomats, save that they appear separately at the end of the diplomatic list.
De følger derfor efter staternes repræsentanter i rangorden.
In the order of precedence, therefore, they come after the representatives of States.
Selv om Kommissionens repræsentant har opholdt sig i længere tid i en hovedstad, kan han således aldrig blive doyen for det diplomatiske korps det pågældende sted.
Accordingly, how ever long the Commission representative remains in a capital, he can never become the doyen of the diplomatic corps there.
Afsnit III — Fællesskaberne i de internationale organisationer
Section HI — The place of the Communities among international organizations
Samarbejdet mellem internationale organisationer medfører ikke nødvendigvis, at organisationerne gensidigt anerkender hinanden som juridiske personer i henhold til
Cooperation between international organizations does not necessarily mean that they recognize each other as having legal personality in international law.
Fortegnelse over tjenestegrenene ved Kommissionen for De europæiske Fællesskaber.
" Yearbook of the Commission of the European Communities, pp. 87-96.
Internationale organisationer indgår ofte på sekretariatsplan aftaler, der væsentligst vedrører gensidig udveksling af dokumentation.
As a rule, agreements of this kind are not accompanied by mutual recognition in any form as public law subjects endowed with authority.
Denne form for aftaler kan ligeledes indgås med organisationer, der ikke befinder sig på regeringsplan, og kan endda indgås med private virksomheder.
This type of agreement may also be concluded with non-governmental organ izations and even with private undertakings.
Fællesskaberne indgik hurtigt aftaler om udveksling af oplysninger.
Early on, the Communities concluded agree ments for the exchange ofinformation.
Allerede i 1958. dvs. længe førend FN's sekretariat havde knyttet officielle forbindelser med Fællesskaberne, blev der med denne organisation indgået en aftale om udveksling af dokumentation.
Since 1958, that is to say long before the secretariat of the United Nations established any official links with the Communities, there has been an agreement between them on the exchange of documentary information.
Det er kun med hensyn til aftaler, der giver en international organisation funktioner på det folkeretlige område, at en form for anerkendelse er nødvendig.
Some form of recognition is necessary only in the case of agreements which endow an international organization with a public law function.
I FN modsatte østbloklandene sig i begyndelsen enhver form for anerkendelse af De europæiske Fællesskaber.
Within the United Nations, the States of the Eastern Bloc were originally opposed to any recognition of the European Communities.
Da disse lande har en betydelig indflydelse i FN, var det vanskeligere at indgå aftaler med FN's organer end med andre organer.
It was. therefore, more difficult to conclude agreements with the organs of the United Nations, where these States have considerable influence, than with other bodies.
Fællesskabet opnåede således allerede i 1958 status som observatør ved FN's økonomiske Kommission for Latinamerika, hvilket gjorde det muligt for det at deltage i denne kommissions møder, dog uden stemmeret.
In 1958, the Community was granted observer status at the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America; this enabled it to participate in the meetings of the Commission, albeit without the right to vote.
Først i 1975 opnåede Fællesskabet samme status ved FN's økonomiske Kommission for Europa (EEC), hvori de østeuropæiske stater ligeledes er repræsenteret, og som naturligvis var af stor interesse for Fællesskabet.
It was not until 1975 that the Communityreceived the same status at the UN Economic Commission for Europe (ECE). where the States of Eastern Europe were also represented and which was obviously of the greatest interest to the Community.
Allerede i 1958 var der blevet indgået aftale med EEC's sekretariat vedrørende udveksling af oplysninger og dokumentation, hvilket gjorde det muligt at etablere uformelle kontakter.
In 1958, an agreement had been concluded with the secretariat of the ECE on the exchange of information and documentation and this made it possible to establish informal contacts.
Ligeledes opnåede Fællesskabet ret hurtigt status som observatør ved FN's flygtningehøjkommission (UNHCR), ved verdensfødevareprogrammet (WFP) og ved UNCTAD, hvor de østeuropæiske lande kun spiller en ret begrænset rolle. Højkommissariatets eksekutivkomité vedtog en resolution herom i oktober 1960.
The Community also obtained observer status fairly quickly at the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the World Food Programme (WFP) and with Unctad, where the States of Eastern Europe play a relatively modest role.
Ved oprettelsen af WFP og UNCTAD blev disse organisationer bemyndiget til at indbyde repræsentanter for mellemfolkelige organisationer, og på grundlag af denne bemyndigelse indbød de Fællesskabet til at deltage.
When the WFP and Unctad were set up, they were empowered to invite representatives of intergovernmental organizations and it was by virtue of this power that they issued an invitation to the Community.
FN's økonomiske og sociale Råd indbød for første gang observatører for Fællesskabet i 196712). og det samme gjorde FN's Generalforsamling den 11. oktober 1974 '3). Generalforsamlingens resolution, i hvilken den udtrykte ønsket om samarbejde med Fællesskabet, kan tages som udtryk for en officiel anerkendelse fra FN's side.
The United Nations Economic and Social Council invited observers from the Community for the first time in 1967;l2the General Assembly of the United Nations followed suit on 11 October 1974.13 The resolution of the General Assembly, in which it expressed the wish to strengthen cooperation with the Community, can be regarded as official recognition by the United Nations Organization.
Båndene er også blevet gradvis forstærket med de særlige organisationer inden for FN.
At the same time, there was a steady reinforcement of the links with the specialized agencies of the United Nations.