natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Princippet er, at sådanne køretøjer ved indpassage i EF skal have en forsikrings dækning, der opfylder alle kravene til lovpligtig forsikring i medlemsstaterne.
This covers the two points in question in the following manner:
Dermed fremhæves en af følgerne af den tvedelte ordning. Direktivet gælder naturligvis kun i EF, medens den supplerende overenskomst altid kan omfatte lande,
(i) it lays down that in the event of a dispute between an insurer and the guarantee fund (as may arise when there is doubt about whether a valid insurance contract was in existence at the time of the event giving rise to the claim), Member States must oblige one or the other to compensate the victim without delay, any financial adjustment between the insurer and the guarantee fund being made when the dispute between them is eventually settled;
der ikke er medlemsstater, medens den ikke omfatter visse medlemsstater, hvis forsikringsbureauer endnu ikke har undertegnet den.
(ii) it stipulates that the guarantee fund must not require victims to establish that the uninsured party is unable or unwilling to pay compensation before the fund itself intervenes.
1. direktiv om forsikring af motorkøretøjer har givet anledning til mange fortolkningsproblemer, der endnu ikke er helt løst, men som helhed har den struktur, der er baseret på direktivet og den supplerende overenskomst, været bemærkelsesværdig vellykket og nyttig.
(i) the continued availability, in some Member States, of third-party motor insurance cover limited, as far as the policyholder is concerned, to the country of registration of the vehicle (under such contracts, third-party victims in other countries would be compensated by the insurer, who would however then have recourse against the policy holder unless the latter had paid a supplementary premium); and
Ophævelsen af forsikringskontrol ved EF's indre grænser er til fordel for tusinder af bilister hver eneste dag, medens den, der lider skade forvoldt af køretøjer, der er hjemmehørende i en anden medlemsstat, er sikret erstatning på samme måde, som hvis køretøjet havde været lokalt indregistreret.
(ii) the continued exclusion of certain third parties (for example, motorcycle pillion passengers) from compulsory liability cover in certain Member States.
Er køretøjet ikke forsikret, er skadelidte faktisk bedre stillet, hvis det skadevoldende køretøj er fra en anden medlemsstat, da det lokale forsikringsbureau vil være forpligtet til at udrede erstatning, uanset om køretøjet er forsikret eller ej.
(i) confirmed the obligation on Member States to ensure that third-party policies provide at least the minimum cover required by law in all Member States, not only as regards compensation of the victims but also protection of the policyholder (it might be expected that the Court would in any event have upheld this interpretation of the first Directive);
2. direktiv om motorkøretøjsforsikring
(ii) required all passengers to be afforded the protection of third-party insurance cover.
Formålet med 1. direktiv var begrænset, trods dets betydning.
Parliament gave its Opinion on this proposal on 25 October 1989.
Det var overladt til de enkelte medlemsstater at fastsætte niveau, anvendelsesområde og betingelser for den lovpligtige forsikring på deres eget område uden hensyn til bestemmelserne i de andre lande.
In general it approved of it, but it sought to extend Article 2 in such a way that the cover granted in the vehicle's home State would not be reduced when the vehicle visited a State whose law provided for a lower level of cover.
Som det kunne forventes, var der betydelige forskelle.
In other words, the cover granted in any Member State would always be the higher of home-State cover or visited-State cover.
Disse forskelle blev i stadig stigende omfang betragtet som forhindringer for den frie bevægelighed for personer, da skadelidte, der var besøgende i det land, hvor uheldet fandt sted, måske for sent opdagede, at de ikke havde den finansielle sikkerhed, de tog for givet hjemme, medens bilister under deres rejse fra land til land kunne opleve, at de ikke var forsikrede, men personligt ansvarlige, hvis de ved uheld forårsagede person- eller tingskade under omstændigheder, der ikke var dækket af den lovpligtige ansvarsforsikring i det besøgte land.
It also introduced a new article, inspired by Parliament's views, requiring Member States to adopt measures to ensure that the parties involved in a road traffic accident are able to ascertain promptly the identity of the insurers covering the liability of the vehicles concerned.
Sammen med ønsket om at afgøre visse fortolkningsuoverensstemmelser, som 1. direktiv havde givet anledning til, fremsatte Kommissionen forslag til andet direktiv om ansvarsforsikring for motorkøretøjer.
On the same date in December 1988 as it proposed the third motor insurance Directive, the Commission made a separate proposal concerning freedom of services in motor insurance.
I begyndelsen udviste medlemsstaterne ingen særlig entusiasme, men den offentlige mening støttede initiativet og forårsagede en holdningsændring hos myndighederne.
The reason for the exclusion was that the provision of crossfrontier services in this field was complicated by the existence of the already adopted motor insurance directives and the agreements between bureaux.
Direktiv 84/5/EØF blev vedtaget den 30. december 1983.
The difficult passage of the second nonlife Directive
Som ventet herskede der stor uenighed om størrelsen af disse beløb, og resultatet er et noget rodet kompromis.
This same proposal was also envisaged in the programme annexed to the 1985 White Paper on completing the internal market.
Grundreglen er, at forsikringssummen andrager 350 000 ECU for hver enkelt skadelidte for personskade, uanset antallet af skadelidte ved det enkelte uheld. Det var ikke alle, der kunne acceptere dette, og det blev derfor bestemt, at medlemsstaterne i stedet skulle stille garanti for en personskadesum på 500 000 ECU for hvert uheld med mere end én skadelidt.
The timetable, as amended, envisaged that the Commission would adopt and present to the Council a proposal on freedom to provide services in motor liability insurance by the end of 1988.
Endnu mere kompliceret bliver det af, at den generelle regel for tingskade er, at forsikringssummen skal andrage 100 000 ECU pr. uheld uanset antallet af skadelidte, men her er der endnu en mulighed, nemlig at medlemsstaterne kan foreskrive et minimum på 600 000 ECU pr. uheld til dækning af såvel person- som tingskade uanset antallet af skadelidte eller fordelingen mellem de to skadetyper.
The objective was to integrate motor insurance into the general scheme of the second nonlife Directive, whilst taking account of its special features, including in particular:
Lad os gentage, at der er tale om minimumsbeløb.
(i) the operation of the national guarantee funds;
Lande, der udnyttede denne mulighed, skulle imidlertid hæve garantiernes størrelser til halvdelen af det endelige beløb senest 31. december 1987.
(ii) the operation of the green card system, and in particular the supplementary agreement between the national motor insurers' bureaux;
I Grækenland var forsikringssummerne særligt lave ved vedtagelsen af direktivet, og dette land fik derfor tilladelse til at hæve dem gradvist over en lang periode, således at målet først vil været nået 31. december 1995.
(iii) the need to safeguard the interests of accident victims in their position as third-party claimants.
Da Spanien og Portugal blev medlemmer af EF, måtte samme løsning anvendes for dem.
As we have seen, these matters had already been treated in the first and second motor insurance Directives.
Ved en vurdering af en sådan gradvis gennemførelse af det endelige mål skal det erindres, at de øgede forsikringssummer skal ledsages af højere præmier.
It is important to realize that the proposal does not have ambitions going beyond those of the second nonlife Directive. It therefore draws the distinction between large risks and mass risks that is already contained in that Directive.
Motorkøretøjsforsikringspræmier er en del af de fleste husholdningers udgifter og indgår normalt i beregningen af det officielle forbrugerprisindeks.
In practice, large risks in this area mainly mean fleets of cars and lorries operated by large industrial and commercial undertakings. The insurance of the car owned and run by the man in the street would continue to rank as a mass risk.
Uoverensstemmelser i de nuværende ordninger og den uundgåelige devaluering af ecuen vil utvivlsomt bevirke, at der i slutningen af 1995 vil blive presset på for en yderligere stigning i pengebeløbene og en ændring i retning af, at forsikringssummerne under alle omstændigheder knyttes direkte til det tab eller den skade, der forvoldes hver enkelt skadelidte.
'When a Member State imposes an obligation to take out insurance, the contract shall not satisfy that obligation unless it is in accordance with the specific provisions relating to that insurance laid down by that Member State'.
Det bestemmes endvidere i direktivet, at medlemsstaterne skal oprette eller godkende et organ af den type, der almindeligvis betegnes som en garantifond (selv om dette
Many Member States have very detailed specific provisions on compulsory motor insurance.
udtryk ikke anvendes i direktivet), der skal yde erstatning, hvor skaden er forvoldt af et uforsikret eller ukendt køretøj. Dette punkt tages op nedenfor.
It is fundamental to the operation of the agreement that all motor liability insurers in each Member State belong to and finance the national bureau.
Nogle af de største vanskeligheder i forbindelse med 1. direktiv om motorkøretøjsforsikring skyldtes en omfattende brug af ansvarsforsikringsklausuler om afvisning af forsikringsansvar i visse tilfælde.
It is because of this solidarity that the bureau is able to give a guarantee to other participating bureaux that it will accept financial liability for accidents caused in the territories covered by those other bureaux by a vehicle based in its own territory, whether or not that vehicle was properly insured.
I henhold til sådanne klausuler kunne forsikringsselskabet afvise erstatningsansvar under henvisning til sådanne forhold som:
The bureau of the country of the accident can thus compensate the victims, confident that it will be reimbursed by the bureau of origin of the vehicle.
(ii) at føreren ikke var i besiddelse af et gyldigt førerbevis
Without the guarantee, the bureaux of other Member States would hesitate to compensate victims and the authorities would be obliged to reintroduce green card checks.
(iii) at køretøjet ikke opfyldte lovens tekniske krav eller sikkerhedskrav.
The proposed Directive therefore stipulates that the Member State of provision of services — that is, the State where the vehicle is registered — shall require the insurance undertaking, located in another Member State, to become a member of and participate in the financing of its national motor insurers' bureau.
Set fra skadelidtes synspunkt var det eneste, der betød noget, imidlertid, at han havde lidt en skade eller et tab forvoldt af et motorkøretøj ført af en person, der dermed havde pådraget sig et erstatningsansvar over for ham.
Clearly, and in line with existing practice, the membership contribution should be based on the premium income from this insurance class in the State in question or on the number of vehicles insured.
Det må ikke glemmes, at formålet med de lovpligtige motorkøretøjsansvarsforsikringer er at beskytte skadelidte og ikke køretøjernes ejere eller førere.
The new provision makes it clear that no other payment or contribution may be required.
Det bestemmes derfor udtrykkeligt i direktivet, at ovennævnte udelukkelsesklausuler ikke fritager forsikringsselskabet fra forpligtelsen til at udbetale erstatning til en skadelidt trejdemand. Dette indebærer naturligvis ikke, at udelukkelsesklausulen er virkningsløs, idet forsikringsselskabet efter at have udredt erstatning har regres mod forsikringstageren.
An annual membership fee or minimum contribution unrelated to the volume of business done in the Member State of provision of services would be an unacceptable obstacle to an undertaking covering a small number of risks or with a small premium income in this class.
Direktivet indeholder to undtagelser fra denne regel, som medlemsstaterne kan vælge at gøre brug af ved uheld, der sker på deres område.
Similar considerations apply to the financing of national guarantee funds.
Den første er, at forsikringsselskabet ikke behøver at betale erstatning i det omfang, skadelidte kan få erstatning i medfør af sociale sikringsregler.
As we have seen, Member States are required by the second motor insurance Directive to have a guarantee fund to ensure that accident victims are not left without compensation in the event that the party responsible for an accident is uninsured or unidentified.
Den anden vedrører uheld forvoldt af et køretøj, der er stjålet eller tilegnet ved vold.
The fund is financed in all Member States at least in part by a levy on motor insurance premiums.
Endelig indeholder direktivet en foranstaltning til beskyttelse af skadelidte, der er pårørende til ejeren eller føreren af køretøjet eller til enhver anden, der får pålagt erstatningsansvar for et uheld, og som er dækket af en lovpligtig ansvarsforsikring.
It seems equitable to maintain the link between the country of the registration plate and the insurers' membership of that country's guarantee fund, the fund being the expression of solidarity of a Member State's motoring population.
I visse af medlemsstaterne betragtedes familiemedlemmer ikke som tredjemand og var dermed ikke omfattet af ansvarsforsikringen.
The proposed Directive therefore requires that the Member State of provision of services shall require the services insurer to become a member of and participate in the financing of its national guarantee fund.
I henhold til direktivets artikel 3 kan de pågældende ikke under henvisning til familieforholdet undtages fra forsikringens dækningsområde for så vidt angår personskade.
It is again stipulated that the financial contribution must be limited to a payment calculated solely on the basis of its premium income from the motor vehicle liability class in the State in question or the number of risks in that class covered there.
Alle hidtil nævnte bestemmelser i direktivet sigter mod en forbedret og gennemført beskyttelse af skadelidte.
The above provisions deal with obvious problems in a clear and straightforward manner.
I praksis betyder dette, at et køretøj betragtes som hjemmehørende i det land, hvis nummerplader det er forsynet med, selv
There is another problem area arising from the operation of freedom of services in motor
om registreringen er udløbet.
insurance which is less clearly defined and certainly less easy to treat in a satisfactory manner.
Den Iøjnefaldende fordel er, at det ikke ved anvendelsen af de to direktiver er nødvendigt at tage registreringsattesten frem for at afgøre, hvor køretøjet er hjemmehørende.
The reason for making third-party motor insurance compulsory is to protect accident victims and their dependents by ensuring that compensation for their loss or injury will be financed at least up to a minimum level fixed by national law.
Det er allerede nævnt, at medlemsstaterne i henhold til 2. direktiv skal oprette eller godkende et nationalt organ, der skal yde erstatning til dem, der lider skade forvoldt af uforsikrede eller ukendte køretøjer (flugtbilister).
In a freedom-of-services context the motorist may decide that it is in his interest to take out his liability insurance with a foreign-based insurer.
Alle medlemsstaterne havde allerede sådanne organer, men deres retslige status og opgaver var vidt forskellige.
The victim of an accident caused by that motorist, however, has no choice in the matter.
I visse lande var det forsikringsbureauet selv, der havde denne funktion, medens det i andre var et særskilt organ, der var oprettet af staten. Disse forskelle afspejledes også i finansieringen af organet (som vi af nemhedsgrunde vil kalde en garantifond).
The victim of a road accident in Member State A caused by a vehicle registered in that same Member State would not be pleased to find that the liability insurer is far away in Member State B, and that he has to pursue his claim with him in State Β without been able to deal with somebody on the spot in State A.
Garantifonde, der var oprettet af staten, finansieredes over en afgift på motorforsikringspræmier, over den almindelige beskatning eller begge dele og havde under alle omstændigheder et klart defineret socialt formål fastsat af staten ud fra hensynet til almenvellet.
(The situation does not arise if the vehicle causing the accident is itself registered in Member State Β because then, under existing arrange­ments which we have examined in connection with the first motor insurance Directive, Member State A's motor insurers' bureau will assume responsibility for claims settlement.)
Det var oprindeligt Kommissionens hensigt, at garantifonden skulle optræde, som et forsikringsselskab ville have optrådt, hvis køretøjet havde været forsikret og kendt, og derfor skulle betale fuld erstatning, så snart ansvaret var fastlagt, som et forsikringsselskab ville have gjort det.
In order to avoid placing third-party claimants in a worse situation when dealing with a services insurer than with an established insurer, the proposed Directive allows the Member State of provision of services (where the vehicle is registered) to require the insurer providing services in this insurance class to nominate a claims settlement representative resident or established in the State and possessing the necessary powers to bind the undertaking.
Denne opfattelse af garantifondens rolle stødte på visse vanskeligheder.
The victim would thus, in our example, have a contact point in State A.
De pågældende lande frygtede, at omkostningerne ville stige eksplosivt på grund af ikke blot sådanne kravs samlede størrelse, men også de administrative udgifter til behandling af et stort antal småuheld.
There is a risk that this claims settlement representative might be regarded as an establishment of the insurance undertaking itself and might therefore prejudice the treatment of the entire operation as services business.
Det blev derfor besluttet, at medlemsstaterne skulle kunne pålægge skadelidte en selvrisiko på højst 500 ECU for tingskade forvoldt af et uforsikret køretøj. Dermed elimineres småkrav, og den samlede finansielle byrde reduceres, men samtidig videreføres en skævhed. Skadelidte sikres ikke fuld beskyttelse, da han kun får fuld erstatning, hvis det skadevoldende køretøj enten er behørigt forsikret (uanset registeringsland), eller hvis et uforsikret skadevoldende køretøj er hjemmenhørende i et land (medlemsstat eller ej), der har undertegnet den supplerende overenskomst.
In an endeavour to circumvent this potential difficulty, the proposed Directive specifies that the representative, who may be an employee of the insurance undertaking, must limit his activities on behalf of that under­taking to the handling and settlement of claims.
Medlemsstaterne fandt generelt, at garantifonden ikke i alle tilfælde skulle være forpligtet til at yde erstatning for tingskade forvoldt af flugtbilister.
In its Opinion, delivered early in 1990, Parliament has taken the view that all motor insurance ought to be treated as a mass risk.
Ifølge direktivet kan medlemsstaterne derfor under sådanne omstændigheder begrænse eller udelukke intervention fra garantifonden.
But it has not rejected the concept of the claims settlement representative.
Der er endnu en skævhed, der skal nævnes.
The published accounts of insurance undertakings
Forslaget til 3. direktiv om motorkøretøjsforsikring
The proposal for a Council Directive on the annual accounts and consolidated accounts of insurance undertakings: origins and purpose
I 2. direktiv har man gennem en række valgmuligheder og forlængede gennemførelsesfrister taget hensyn til de forskellige forhold i medlemsstaterne, men der var et enkelt problem, der med overlæg blev udskudt til senere afgørelse.
The very idea of this market implies that a buyer of insurance in any Member State shall enter into a contract with an insurance undertaking in another State and may use the services of intermediaries or advisers located perhaps in yet another State.
Kommissionen fandt, støttet af en række medlemsstater, at garantifonden skulle udbetale erstatning, så snart ansvaret var fastlagt.
The information at present available to the public about the financial standing of insurance companies varies greatly from one Member State to another.
Hovedparten af medlemsstaterne stod imidlertid fast på, at garantifonden kun skulle gribe ind som sidste udvej, hvis skadelidte ikke kunne opnå erstatning ad anden vej (f.eks. den ansvarliges aktiver, skadelidtes egen ulykkesforsikring eller ifølge de sociale sikringsregler). Der var kort sagt dybtgående uenighed om, hvorvidt garantifonden skulle indtræde subsidiært eller ikke-subsidiært.
In some there are detailed rules concerning the content and layout of the published accounts.
Denne uoverensstemmelse medførte, at det ved vedtagelsen af andet direktiv i slutningen af 1983 blev anført i Rådets mødeprotokol, at spørgsmålet om subsidiær indtræden skulle gennemgås nøjere, og at Kommissionen inden fire år skulle fremsætte et nyt forslag.
Whatever method is used, the financial information put at the disposal of the public is not at all comparable as between different countries.
Indtil da kunne medlemsstaterne ifølge 2. direktiv hver især beslutte, i hvilket omfang garantifondens indtræden skulle være subsidiær.
It was clear, therefore, that a Community measure was necessary which would ensure the publication of adequate and comparable information.
Efter drøftelser med medlemsstaterne fremsatte Kommissionen i slutningen af 1988 forslag til tredje direktiv.
A Directive dealing with the annual accounts of banks and credit institutions was proposed in 1981 and adopted by the Council in December 1986.
I det er de pågældende to punkter behandlet som følger:
A Directive on insurance accounts was obviously needed to fill the one remaining gap.
(i) Opstår der tvist mellem et forsikringsselskab og garantifonden (f.eks. hvis der hersker tvivl om, hvorvidt der forelå en gyldig forsikringskontrakt ved forsikringsbegivenhedens indtræden), skal medlemsstaterne kræve, at en af de to parter straks yder erstatning og derefter indbyrdes afgør, hvem af dem der i den sidste ende skal udrede erstatning.
Furthermore, the seventh Council Directive, dealing with consolidated accounts, had been adopted in June 1983. The Directive on insurance accounts would clearly have to deal with the question of consolidation in a way that would fit in with that Directive.
Kommissionen benyttede lejligheden til at afgøre to udestående problemer hidrørende fra første direktiv, nemlig:
The reason given for the exclusion of insurance from the main fourth Directive was that the special nature of insurance activities would require special rules, as was already the case in most Member States.
(i) at det i visse medlemsstater stadig var muligt at tegne ansvarsforsikringer for motorkøretøjer, der for forsikringstagerens vedkommende kun gjaldt i det land, hvori køretøjet er registreret (i henhold til sådanne kontrakter ville en skadelidt trejdemand i andre lande få erstatning af forsikringsselskabet, som derefter imidlertid ville have regres mod forsikringstageren, medmindre han havde betalt et præmietillæg), og
The information presented in the accounts of insurance undertakings was nevertheless to be at least equivalent to that required under the fourth Directive (it could be more, but not less).
(ii) at visse trejdemænd (f.eks. bagsædepassagerer på motorcykler) stadig ikke var dækket af den lovpligtige ansvarsforsikring i visse medlemsstater.
Furthermore, the general opinion in most Member States is that the public at large is entitled to access to a high level of financial information about insurance companies and their activities.