natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Forhandlingerne i Manila førte til positive omend begrænsede resultater. Der var enighed med con sensus om en række emner, mens ulandene for en del andre emners vedkommende krævede afstemning.
The three years which have elapsed between the Nairobi Conference and the Manila Conference have seen the continuation of the North-South Dialogue, which opened in 1974.
Flere forskellige faktorer bidrog til den relativt skuffende afslutning, hvoraf skal nævnes:
During this time, UNCTAD was responsible mainly for negotiations in
• problemet ulandenes gældsætning.
UNCTAD V combined to produce this relatively disappointing outcome, among them: i.
Restulatet af forhandlingerne på konferencen
By the time UNCTAD V began, these specific negotiations had to some extent narrowed the gap between the participants' positions, which augured well for the climate of the Conference.
Følgende større emner indgik i forhandlingerne på konferencen, enten i forhandlingsgrupperne eller på plenarmødet: Den gensidige afhængighed, handelsspørgsmål; råvarer; valuta riske og økonomiske spørgsmål; teknologi; søtransport; de mindst udviklede u-lande samt u-lande uden søkyst eller østater; handelsmæssige forbindelser mellem lande med økonomiske og socialt set forskellige systemer; økonomisk samarbejde mellem u-landene; institutionelle spørgsmål. mål.
A certain lack of unity among the "77", which restricted their determination and ability to compromise, notably in order to seek an alternative solution to the stance taken by the industrialized countries, which cannot agree to a system of planned management of the world economy and which, while acknowledging the imperfections of the present system, argue that it is a developing system and can be improved. The main reason for the differences of interest which emerged between the 77 was the impact of rising oil prices on the non oil-producing developing countries; iii.
På dette væsentlige punkt kunne der ikke noteres nogen fremskridt på konferencen. Dette forhold skyldes de vilkår, som dialogen fandt sted under, og navnlig den helt klare uoverensstemmelse mellem parternes opfattelser, hvilken det ikke lykkedes at overvinde under drøftelserne.
The Manila talks ended in positive but limited results: agreement by consensus was reached on a number of topics, while on some the developing countries requested a vote and others were referred to UNCTAD's standing bodies.
Ulandene gik nemlig ind for en radikal ændring af den nuværende økonomiske orden, som de rnså for ineffektiv og skadelig for deres udvik-
The Conference finally ended in an atmosphere of resignation, therefore, although con frontation was avoided. A number of factors
Valutariske og økonomiske spørgsmål laterale handelsforhandlinger (MTN) blev der ikke vedtaget nogen resolution.
UNCTAD V analysis of the world economic situation; structural adjustment; certain aspects of the generalized system of preferences; an additional facility for deficits in export earnings; the debt problem of the developing countries.
Endelig blev der vedtaget en resolution om restriktive forretningsmetoder; der blev fremsat forslag om at indkalde til en FN-konference i sidste kvartal af 1979, som skulle have til opgave gennem forhandlinger at nå frem til et sæt multilateralt vedtagne principper og regler på dette område.
new international economic order—in which the developing countries would have effective power and in particular could undertake sur veillance of the economic and adjustment policies of the industrialized countries, consi dered to be solely responsible for the present economic imbalance.
Der blev på konferencen vedtaget to resolutioner om disse emner. Den ene der angik de valutariske spørgsmål, blev vedtaget med et flertal, idet størstedelen af industrilandene stemte imod mens nogen enkelte (heriblandt Italien og Nederlandene) undlod at stemme.
The work of the Conference concentrated, in the negotiating groups and in the plenary session, on the following major topics: interdependence; trade questions; commodities; monetary and financial matters; technology; shipping; least developed countries, island and landlocked developing countries; trade relations between countries with different economic and social systems; economic cooperation among developing countries; institutional issues.
Den anden resolution om overførsel af ressourcer blev vedtaget med consensus.
The industrialized nations' position, on the other hand, was cautiously reformist.
Problemet om ulandenes gæld, der blev anset for at være et af konferencens centrale emner, kunne ikke løses og blev sendt tilbage til UNCTAD's faste organer.
They recognize the drawbacks resulting from the uncertainties, which are damaging to trade and investment, and are aware of the inadequacy of development in the developing countries.
Dette var også tilfældet med de punkter, der omhandlede oprettelse af en multilateral garantiordning for bevillinger til eksport og til en ændring af den internationale økonomiske samarbejdsordning.
The remedies they put forward were aimed at reducing the factors of instability and speeding up the growth of the developing countries by increasing the transfer of resources, resisting protectionist pressures and stabilizing monetary relations.
Konferencen vedtog med consensus en resolution ifølge hvilken videreførelsen af »det integrerede programn« skulle indgå som del af det normale UNCTAD-program under udvalget vedrørende råvarers auspicier.
This was a central part of the negotiations, as it covered the evaluation of the world economic situation, and appropriate measures to facilitate changes in this situation and to promote the establishment of a new international economic order.
Der fremhæves i denne resolution en række vigtige aspekter fra den i Nairobi vedtagne tekst.
No progress was made on this basic point by the Conference.
I visse tilfælde åbnes der mulighed for at inddrage forarbejdede og halvforarbejdede varer.
This was due partly to the conditions in which the discussions took place, but especially to the clear differences of approach; the discussions did not succeed in not reducing these differences.
I förhandlingsgruppen om teknologi nåede man frem med consensus til at vedtage nogle resolutioner og en beslutning om alle de punkter, der stod på dagsordenen.
Although the initial positions of developed and developing countries were far apart, the extensive informal negotiations which were conducted on the main trade items finally led to a compromise resolution on protectionism and structural adjustment.
• Adfærdskodeks for overførsel af teknologi : Der blev vedtaget en beslutning om i efteråret 1979 at indkalde den tredje samling af konferencen, ¡det forhandlingerne om dette emne skal afsluttes.
It was agreed, among other things, to organize in an existing UNCTAD Body annual reviews of global trends of production, imports and exports, with a view to identifying elements or problems relevant to optimum overall growth including the development and diversification on the economies of developing countries.
Der kunne ikke opnås en lignende consensus om udviklingslandenes ønske om, at UNCTAD's generalsekretær indledte en undersøgelse om supplerende foranstaltninger til at afhjælpe virkningerne af fald i eksportindtægterne fra råvarer, så længe der føres sideløbende forhandlinger i ud viklingskomiteen IMF/IBRED.
It was also agreed that any general recommendations resulting from such reviews would be taken into account by national governments, but the industrialized countries rejected
• Industriel ejendomsret: Den vedtagne resolution indeholder i al væsentlighed en beskrivelse af, hvilken rolle UNCTAD skal spille på dette felt, og hvilke bidrag den skal yde i de igangværende forhandlinger inden for WIPO (Verdensorganisationen for intellektuel Ejendomsret) i for bindelse med en ændring af Paris-konventionen om patenter.
The developing countries declared themselves in favour of a radical change in the present economic order, which is felt to be inefficient and unfavourable to their developing.
Til trods for at 77-landegruppen øvede et vist pres for at få tal på landenes forpligtelser til den fælles fonds »andet vindue«, var der kun relativt få lande, der meddelte deres bidrags størrelse.
In their view the institutional framework must be changed, as must the rules of the economic "game"; a new system must be set up—the
Søtransport krævede en fordobling af den finansielle bistand i realværdi inden udgangen af 1981.
Monetary and financial issues entirely any obligation to negotiate their own industrial policies.
Et øjeblikkeligt handlingsprogram 1979-1981 har under for handlingerne erstattet den første fase, og det omfatter levering af ganske betydeligt forøgede ressourcer til alle de kortsigtede bistandsprojekter.
The agreed resolution stresses the need for continued resistance to protectionist pressures and invites the GATT to examine any future protective action by developed countries against imports from developing countries.
I det omfattende handlingsprogram for 1980'erne indgår der fire store områder (strukturændringer, sociale behov, undersøgelse af udviklingsprægede investeringer samt nødhjælp).
There was no agreed resolution on the Multilateral Trade Negotiations. tions.
I betragtning af de særdeles vigtige foranstaltninger, der skal træffes, har konferencen opfordret De forenede Nationers generalforsamling til at indkalde en konference om de mindst udviklede lande, hvilken skal have til opgave at udarbejde, vedtage og bistå med det nye program.
Finally, a resolution was adopted on restrictive business practices; it calls for the organization during the last quarter of 1979 of a United Nations Conference with the task of negotiating a set of multilaterally agreed principles and rules in this area.
Fællesskabet og en række tredjelande fik lejlighed til på UNCTAD V at give meddelelse om ratifikation af adfærdskodeksen for linjekonferencerne. De lande, som indtil nu har ratificeret kodeksen tegner sig for ca. to tredjedele af verdenstonnagen; på længere sigt vil u-landene, når kodeksen tråder i kraft, kunne forøge deres andel betydeligt.
The Conference adopted two resolutions in this area. One, on monetary questions, was adopted by a majority, although most industrialized nations voted against, and some (including Italy and the Netherlands) abstained, and the other, on the transfer of resources, was adopted by consensus.
Udviklingslandene ønsker, at de socialistiske lande skal tage mere aktiv del i det internationale økonomiske samarbejde og forelagde dem en række krav, navnlig om præferencer og offentlig udviklingsbistand (0,796 aí BNI).
The work of the negotiating group on technology ended with the adoption by consensus of resolutions and a decision on all the items on the agenda:
De socialistiske lande forsøgte derimod at knytte alle handelsspørgsmål mellem lande med økonomiske og socialt forskellige systemer sammen med politiske overvejelser om afspænding, nedrustning osv.
(i) Code of conduct on the transfer of technology: a decision was adopted providing for the convening of a third session of the Con ference on the code in Autumn 1979. This meeting should conclude the negotiations on this matter;
Desuden vedtog 77-landegruppen på trods af industrilandenes enstemmige modstand en resolution om »protektionisme i servicesektoren«.
It was not possible to obtain a consensus on the developing countries' request that the Sec retary General of UNCTAD should study an additional facility to deal with shortfalls in commodity export earnings while parallel work was in progress in the IBRD/IMF Development Committee.
De mindst udviklede u-lande samt u-lande uden søkyst eller østater
(ii) Industrial property: the resolution adopted essentially establishes the role of UNCTAD in this area and its contribution to the current negotiations in WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) on the revision of the Paris Convention on Patents;
De socialistiske lande afviste ethvert krav om indrømmelser til 77-landegruppen, og det konstateredes på konferencen, at det var umuligt at opnå enighed om en substansresolution, hvorfor man måtte nøjes med en procedureresolution med henvisning til resolution 95 (IV) i Nairobi og til det nødvendige i at supplere dens iværksættelse.
In spite of some pressure from the 77 for pre cise commitments for the Common Fund "second window", relatively few countries gave figures.
Har østlandene således kunnet undgå enhver forpligtelse over for ulandene på dette UNC-TAD-møde, står det dog fast, at 77-landegruppen
However, declarations made by a number of countries, including the majority of member countries of the Community, showed a general willingness to contribute to this "window", which suggests that it should
UNCTAD V i de kommende år vil lægge betydelig større vægt på, at de socialistiske lande fører en mere åben politik.
Least developed, landlocked and island developing countries trialized nations to achieve this aim were the subject of a resolution specifying the role UNCTAD should play and the action it should undertake in this area;
generalforsamlingens organ for diskussion, be handling, forhandling og gennemførelse af alle internationale handelsforanstaltninger og spøgsmål i tilknytning til det internationale økonomi ske samarbejde.
(iv) Reverse transfer of technology: the resolution adopted requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to define the jurisdiction of the various UN agencies in the matter of examining and progressively solving this complex problem of the brain drain which reflects economic, political and cultural phenomena.
Det blev blandt andet besluttet, at der skulle nedsættes et mellemstatsligt udvalg, der skal aflægge beretning om en rationalisering af UNCTAD's arbejdsgang til anden del af Styrelsesrådets 19. møde.
This arrangement was replaced, following negotiations, by'a programme of immediate action for 1979-81, involving the provision of considerably larger resources for all the short-term aid programmes.
Det er blevet udvalget pålagt at have opmærksomheden særlig henledt på UNCTAD's stigende betydning som forhandlingsforum og på, at det er nødvendigt at forbedre UNCTAD's evalueringsprocedurer og på det ge nerelle mål at reducere antallet af mindre betydningsfulde møder.
The substantial new programme of action for the 1980s covers four broad areas (structural change, social needs, transformational investments and emergency support) and calls for planning with a view to the adoption of precise recommendations in the context of the new international development strategy.
Forskellige forhold har forhindret en hver dybtgående dialog om dette spørgsmål.
UNCTAD V provided the occasion for the announcement, by the Community and a number of other countries, of ratification of the Code of Conduct for Liner Con ferences.
Det var for en stor del takket være Fællesskabets initiativer og dets aktive rolle, at der til slut kunne opnås enighed om et kompromis, ifølge hvilket UNCTAD skal hjælpe ulandene med at tilrettelægge de ekspertmøder, som vil vise sig nødvendige i tilknytning til forberedelsen af plenarmøderne i Komiteen for økonomisk Samarbejde mellem Ulandene.
In view of the particular importance of the measures to be undertaken, the Conference requested the General Assembly of the United Nations to convene a Conference on the least developed countries to work out, adopt and support the new programme.
Deltagerne i konference blev enige om en række praktiske foranstaltninger, som skulle sætte UNCTAD i stand til inden for sit nuværen de mandat at spille en mere effektiv rolle som
The developing countries, hoping to obtain more active participation by the socialist countries in the field of international cooperation, submitted a number of requests to them, notably as regards preferences and official development assistance (0.7% of GNP).
Et betydningsfuldt skridt fremad for den fælles handelspolitik lande (bortset fra statshandelslande).
Committee on Economic Among Developing Countries.
Vedtagelsen af disse forordninger skal ses i sammenhæng med de bestræbelser, der har været udfoldet siden undertegnelsen af Rom-traktaten for at udarbejde en virkelig fælles handelspolitik, der bygger på ensartede principper, og som udgør et af de grundlæggende aspekter ved det fælles marked.
As the socialist countries refused to make any concessions to the 77, the Conference noted that it was impossible to reach an agreement on a substantive resolution and limited itself to a procedural resolution referring to Resolution 95 (IV) adopted in Nairobi and the need to complete its implementation.
Det seneste resultat, der er nået er ikke det afsluttende, men det betyder en udvidelse og en forbedring af de fremskridt, der er gjort på dette område inden for den sidste halve snes år.
While the Eastern European countries have succeeded in this way in avoiding any commitment as regards the developing countries at this session of UNCTAD, at the same time the insistence of the 77 on a more open approach on the part of the socialist countries has been growing appreciably in recent years.
Udviklingen af de fælles importordninger
Economic cooperation among developing countries
Den anden forordning indebærer tilsvarende for bedringer i de bestemmelser, der gælder for import fra statshandelslandene.
This Committee is required to keep particularly in mind the increasing role of UNCTAD as a negotiating forum, the need to improve evaluation procedures within UNCTAD, and the overall objective of reducing the number of secondary meetings.
Siden de fælles import ordninger trådte i kraft, har den oprindelige for skel på de regler, der gælder for de to grupper af lande, været opretholdt, men den er blevet mindre mærkbar.
The industrialized and statetrading countries considered the developing countries' demands to be an infringement of the "principle of universality", whereby all UN meetings are open to all member countries. tries.
Importordningerne, der er et vigtigt led i den fælles handelspolitik, blev indført ved forordninger, der blev vedtaget den 19. december 19692) for statshandelslandenes vedkommende og den 25. mai 19703) for de øvrige tredjelandes vedkom
Largely as a result of the initiatives taken and of the active role played by the Community, a compromise was finally agreed whereby UNCTAD will help the developing countries to organize the necessary meetings of experts in preparation for the plenary sessions of the
Den nye » GATT-ordning « fulgt den konsultationsprocedure, der er fastsat i Rådets beslutning af 19. december 19722). I den
An important landmark in the development of the common commercial policy ing statetrading countries).
De bestemmelser, der hidtil har været anvendt over for GATT's medlemmer (Den almindelige overenskomst om Told og Udenrigshandel), byggede på to forskellige retlige instrumenter. menter.
Some ten years after the adoption of the first regulations laying down common rules for imports from nonmember countries, the Community has taken a new step forward in this field.
nye ordning er procedurerne fra 1972 blevet strammet for så vidt angår indførelse af nationale tillægskontingenter, men dog kun i en overgangsperiode.
The adoption of these regulations forms part of the efforts made since the signing of the Treaty of Rome, to establish a genuine com mon commercial policy, based on uniform principles, which is one of the fundamental features of the common market.
Fra 1982 kan kun fællesskabsinstitutionerne i overensstemmelse med den normale beskyttelsesprocedure genindføre nationale im portrestriktioner for varer, der ikke er liberaliseret på fællesskabsplan.
This new development is not the last in the process, but adds to and improves upon the progress made in this area in the last ten years.
I et bilag til forordningen findes en liste over alle de varer, der er nævnt i den fælles toldtarif, med fem forskellige sæt angivelser: ser:
Development of the common rules for imports
I forordningen af 4. juni 1974') er fastsat de regler, der gælder for liberaliserede varer, dvs. varer, der er helt fritaget for kvantitative restriktioner på fællesskabsplan, og som er opført i en liste, der er knyttet som bilag til forordningen. Hvad anår de øvrige varer, der er undergivet importkontingenter i visse medlemsstater, men kan importeres frit i andre, er de bestemmelser, der gælder for disse varer hovedsagelig indeholdt i Rådets beslutning af 19. december 19722).
As regards the GATT arrangements, which apply to all nonmember countries party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and a number of countries to which the Com munity accords like treatment (the statetrading countries, China, Cuba and Rhodesia are not covered), these Community rules and procedures will now apply to the importation of all products, including those not liberalized at Community level, which have hitherto been subject only to a straightforward consultation procedure.
Ved denne beslutning blev der fastsat nogle minimumsregler for ændrig af de forskellige import ordninger, som i sidste instans i vidt omfang forblev under national kontrol.
The remaining quantitative restrictions on imports at both Community and national level, will become much more transparent.
Anvendelsesområdet for den fælles ordning
The administrative procedures of the common commercial policy will be improved and streamlined.
• angivelse af, hvorvidt der eksisterer importovervågningsforanstaltninger (nationale foranstaltninger eller fællesskabsforanstaltninger);
Last but not least, although the Member States retain the right to take temporary safeguard measures for some time, they may exercise this right only after prior consultation.
• angivelse af, hvorvidt der gælder begrænsninger for importen af tekstilvarer.
As from 1982 safeguard measures may be introduced only as the result of a decision by the Com munity institutions.
For det første udvides fællesskabsreglerne og -procedurerne ved den nye forordning til at omfatte alle EØF-varer, uanset om de er opført på den fælles liberaliseringsliste.
The Regulations adopted by the Council on 8 May' are concerned with the common rules for imports from nonmember countries belonging to GATT and countries accorded like treatment on the one hand, and statetrading countries on the other.
De varer, der er liberaliserede på nationalt plan, vil således blive undergivet de samme regler som de varer, der er liberaliseret på fællesskabsplan.
Since the common rules for imports were introduced there has always been a distinction between the rules applicable to the two groups of countries, but this has now become less marked.
Endelig er den liste over liberaliserede varer, som hidtil har omfattet 8596 af FTT, blevet betydelig udvidet i forbindelse med vedtagelsen af denne forordning; listen dækker nu 892 toldposi-
The second Regulation makes similar improvements to the rules for imports from statetrading countries.
Medlemsstaterne kan kun opretholde de gældende restriktioner, såfremt de notificerer dem for Kommissionen, og såfremt Rådet har accepteret dem ved vedtagelsen af den nye forordning.
The import arrangements, which form an important part of the common commercial policy, were established by a Regulation of 19 December 19692for the Statetrading countries and a Regulation of 25 May 19703
Fælles importordninger
Rules for imports
Fælles importordninger tioner og 51 underpositioner, dvs. 89,796 af de 1 010 positioner i FTT.
The new GATT arrangements tation under the procedure laid down by the Council Decision of 19 December 1972.2
Beskyttelsesforanstaltninger og overvågningsforanstaltninger
From 1982, the power to reintroduce national restrictions on imports not liberalized at Community level will lie exclusively with the Community institutions, in accordance with the normal safeguard procedure. dure.
Ved den nye forordning genindføres retten til at træffe nationale foranstaltninger for en midlerti­dig periode under forbehold af forudgående kon­sultation.
Secondly, the new text provides a clearer picture of the existing import arrangements and safeguard measures, at both Community and national level.