natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Hovedformålet var at samle de ansvarlige for samordning af elevudveksling på nationalt, regionalt og lokalt plan og gøre det muligt for dem at bistå Kommissionen med at for mulere forslag vedrørende elevudveksling til forelæggelse for Uddannelsesudvalget.
The main purpose was to bring together those responsible for coordinating pupil exchange at national, regional and local level and to enable them to assist the Commission to for mulate proposals in the matter of pupil ex change for submission to the Education Committee.
Han påpegede, at det ikke var kollokviets opgave at træffe beslutninger eller lave udkast til resolutioner, men opfordrede deltagerne til at drage konklusioner og fremsætte positive forslag, som Kommissionen kunne drage nytte af ved udformningen af sine egne forslag.
He emphasized that it was not the task of the colloquium to take decisions or draft resolutions but he invited the participants to reach conclusions and to make positive suggestions upon which the Commission could draw in the formulation of its proposals.
I god tid i forvejen blev deltagerne forsynet med følgende arbejdspapirer og Case-Studies :
Participants were provided, well in advance, with working documents and case-studies as follows :
Det kollektive forfatterskab bidrog til at sikre, at dette papir dækkede målsætninger, metoder og problemer i forbindelse med elevudveksling så bredt som muligt, a) ud fra den synsvinkel, at man tog hensyn til den aktuelle situation i medlemsstaterne, og b) i et forsøg på at få fastslået, hvilke former for aktiviteter der ville blive tale om, samt hvilke prioriteter, problemer og muligheder
The corporate au thorship helped to ensure that this paper covered the objectives, methods and pro blems of pupil exchange in a most comprehensive fashion (a) from the point of view of taking into account the actual situation in the Member States and (b) in helping to identify what forms the activities might take and the priorities, problems, and possibilities for action at national and Community level.
— Elevudvekslinger og -besøg i Fællesskabet — arbejdspapir — analyse.
— exchanges and visits for pupils within the Community — a descriptive account;
for aktion der fandtes på nationalt plan og fællesskabsplan.
4.2 The guidelines paper further clarified the key issues and put them in context and presented a structure on which the working pro gramme was based.
Tiden på kollokviet blev opdelt mellem plenarmøder og mindre møder med gruppe diskussioner.
4.3 The time at the colloquium was divided between plenary meetings and group discussion sessions.
Værdien af disse Case-Studies, således som de fremlagdes, var ganske indlysende på baggrund af resultaterne af drøftelserne.
He had not formally presented a paper, so he outlined some priority areas which his organization has identified as handicapped in the matter of exchanges as follows :
Det var tydeligt, at deltagerne fandt, at disse var et nyttigt indlæg i kollokviet, da de heri gennem kunne drage nytte af de fremlagte erfaringer og af rådene fra forfatterne i for muleringen af deres henstillinger.
4.4 Participants were divided into four working groups, which were composed as far as was practicable, of representatives of all interested groups and Member States.
Han havde ikke formelt indgivet noget papir, af hvilken grund han skitserede følgende prioriterede områder, som hans organisation havde konstateret var særlig ufordelagtigt stillet med hensyn til udvekslinger :
(This equally affects the pupils from central areas who wish to visit peripheral areas; therefore the opportunity to host visitors does not often present itself to pupils in remote areas.)
ii) Elever fra områder, hvor der stadig findes hindringer, der er betinget af ved lov eller administrativt fastsatte bestemmelser, og som skaber forhindringer for mobiliteten. teten.
(ii) Pupils from areas where legal and administrative barriers still exist which create obstacles to mobility.
iii) Unge med fysiske handicaps
(iii) Young people with physical handicaps
af deres eget miljø, inden de rejser ud (f.eks. hjemmene); de afslutter den anden halvdel af arbejdet, medens de opholder sig i Frankrig eller Tyskland.
5.1 The documents setting out these case studies were circulated in advance to participants.
Ligeledes forbereder de på forhånd meget omhyggeligt de spørgsmål, de vil få brug for at stille, og øver sig i at høre på svar.
In addition the authors were invited to speak at plenary sessions and to participate fully in the colloquium.
forskellige lande, herunder de ni fælles skabslande.
In this connection Mr Piatt gave details of particularly successful projects organized for handicapped by handicapped and which have lead to the establishment of Mobility International, which has national committees in thirty-two countries including the nine coun tries of the Communities.
Han pointerede, at der til dato ikke var blevet nedsat noget forbindelsesudvalg for de Ni, lige så lidt som Kommissionen havde givet sammenslutningen sin anerkendelse eller ydet bistand til udvekslinger for de handicappedes vedkommende.
He pointed out that so far there is no liaison committee for the Nine, nor has the Commission given any recognition or assistance in the field of ex changes for the handicapped.
iv) Uddannelsesmæssigt handicap
(iv) Educational handicap
Børnene forberedes til aktiviteter, der finder sted i centret fremfor den egentlige skolesituation.
5.2 The case-studies set out the experience and objectives of established specific activities of different types.
Grupper, der består af børn af de to nationaliteter parvis, cirkulerer, så de tager del i tre-fire forskellige aktiviteter i løbet af sammenkomsten og herigennem virkelig får lært deres partnere at kende.
Apart from the in trinsic interest, the purpose of the case-studies was to stimulate discussion and to focus attention on reality both from the point of view of difficulties encountered and possibilities for action.
Målet med sammenkomsterne er snarere kommunikation end at stræbe efter, at selve arbejdet bliver af høj standard.
The authors spoke at the plenary session to expand on their experience and to reply to questions.
De mindre velstående elever samt de elever, der kommer fra tilbagestående eller ugunstigt stillede egne, herunder børn af vandrende arbejdstagere, er lige ledes blevet forfordelt i udvekslingssammenhænge og behøver i høj grad en form for økonomisk bistand, såfremt de skal have mulighed for at nyde godt af ordninger med hensyn til kulturelle udveks linger eller besøg.
Pupils in non-academic schools or classes and those not gifted linguistically have tended to be less well catered for in the matter of ex changes.
Besøget regnes for at være en introduktion til livet i et andet land.
(v) Social and financial handicap
Formålet med disse besøg er at motivere børnene i retning af at lære det fremmede sprog, men først og fremmest at hjælpe dem til at opnå en positiv holdning til mennesker fra et andet land.
Clearly the participants found them a useful input to the colloquium by which they were able to draw upon the ex periences presented and the advice of the authors in the formulation of their recommendations. mendations.
En gruppe på ca. tredive børn samt tre voksne opholder sig i otte dage i et center, der sædvanligvis ligger i landlige omgivelser. Arbejdet opdeles i to dele :
The less well-off pupils and those from de prived or disadvantaged areas, including the children of the migrant workers, have also been overlooked in the matter of exchanges and are in need of some form of financial assistance if they are to have an opportunity of
indsigt i den fulde baggrund for drøftelserne.
benefiting from arrangements for cultural exchanges or visits.
Desuden blev det helt klart, at prioriteringen og forholdet mellem problemer og løsninger er kædet indbyrdes sammen i en sådan grad, at det ville være uklogt at forholde sig meget kategorisk med hensyn til prioriteringen, førend den anden række emner var blevet gennemgået fuldt ud af diskussionsgrupperne.
He emphasized the importance, for the success of the partnership, of favourable local public opinion, the commitment of the teachers, the goodwill of the parents based on the recognition of the value of the scheme as an integral part of the curriculum and above all careful preparation and attention to detail by the staff involved.
Dr. Ruffino forelagde Case-Study nr. I (side 31) vedrørende de aktiviteter, der foregår inden for European Federation for In tercultural Learning (EFIL).
Dr Ruffino presented case-study I (page 29) on the activities of the European Federation for Intercultural Learning (EFIL).
Denne forholdsvis nye organisation (oprettet i 1971), som har forenet en række nationale organisationer med beslægtede formål, har to bredt formulerede målsætninger — at bidrage til en tværkulturel uddannelse af de unge, og at fremme freden ved hjælp af forståelse for de forskelligartede grupper, der udgør verdens befolkning. folkning.
This relatively new organization (established in 1971) which has brought together a number of national bodies with a similar purpose, has two broad aims — to contribute to the education of young people in a multi-cultural way and to promote peace through understanding of the diverse groups which form world society.
EFIL's hovedaktiviteter — etårige udveks lingsprogrammer, klasseudvekslinger, arbejderprogram og sommerseminarer — havde vakt interesse hos deltagerne, navnlig arbejderprogrammet, som varer seks måneder, og hvori man sigter mod at lette overgangen fra erhvervsuddannelse til arbejde i en tværkulturel situation inden for De europæiske Fællesskaber.
EFIL's main activities — one-year exchange programmes, class exchanges, workers' pro gramme and summer seminars — were considered with interest by the participants, particularly the workers' programme which lasts for six months and which sets out to facilitate the transition from vocational training and professional education to work in a cross-cultural situation within the European Communities. nities.
Resultaterne af arbejdet i diskussionsgrupperne på kollokviet
The results of the discussion-group work in the colloquium
Disse rapporter tilsigtede ikke at give et referat af gruppens arbejde, men antog form af en opsummering af de vigtigste drøftede emner samt af de områder, hvor der opnåedes en vis enighed.
These reports did not attempt to give a procès-verbal of the work of the group but took the form of a summary of the main topics discussed and the areas in which a consensus of agreement emerged.
— gensidig forståelse af lokale, nationale og regionale forskelle inden for Fællesskabet;
— mutual understanding of international interdependence,
— en forståelse for de forskelligartede kulturer, former for teknologi og uddannelses systemer i Fællesskabet;
— mutual understanding of local, national and regional differences within the Community, munity,
— virker tiltrækkende på og egner sig for de sprogligt og skolemæssigt set mindre vel begavede elever, de handicappede og de socialt og økonomisk set dårligere stillede, med det formål at tilbyde dem en mulighed for at få indsigt i en anden kultur og op nå personlige kontakter i udlandet.
— an understanding of the various cultures, technologies and educational systems of the Community,
— udbygning af sprogkundskaber og tværkulturelle forbindelser.
— the development of language skills and cross-cultural communication.
— udvikling af muligheder for organiseiede besøg og udvekslinger som en integreret del af skolernes undervisningsplan.
It was feared that to do so, in the manner suggested, was to run the risk of making distinctions and judgments which could be falsely interpreted or which could lead to an undue regard or incorrect emphasis being given to statements presented briefly without the full background of the discussion.
— tilpasset behovene hos de elever, der er under erhvervsrettet og teknisk uddan nelse;
Furthermore it became evident that priorities and problems/possibilities are so interlinked that it would be unwise to be very definite about priorities until the second-phase topics had been fully explored by the discussion groups.
— tilpasset de handicappede elevers evner;
— the development of opportunities for planned visits and exchanges as an integral part of the school programme.
7.3 Sådanne skolebesøg bør være :
7.3 Such school visits should be :
— omhyggeligt planlagt — med en lige så godt planlagt »follow-up«-foranstaltning bagefter — i en form, der bestemmes af de deltagende elevers behov.
— carefully planned — with equally well prepared follow-up action — in a form determined by the needs of the participating pupils.
— bidrage til at motivere de studerende til fortsatte studier og til at skabe tættere forbindelser mellem lærere, elever og skolen som helhed;
7.4 So as to : — contribute to the motivation of students towards further study and the develop ment of closer ties between teachers, pupils and the school community;
— give eleverne lejlighed til at erhverve sprog kundskaber og større forståelse for en anden kultur og et andet folk, end det er muligt ud fra lærebøger ved undervisningen i klassen.
— provide pupils with opportunities to acquire linguistic skills and a greater under standing of another culture and people than is possible from textbooks within the classroom.
Det blev foreslået, at Kommissionen kunne støtte eksperimenter med henblik på at få vurderet, hvilket positivt udbytte der vil kunne fås af udvekslinger eller studiebesøg for elever under 14 år.
6.5 The results of the discussion, as presented in the group reports, were the formula tion of a series of measures, which could be carried out at local, national and Community level and which would help to resolve the problems or obstacles and permit the use of all the possibilities available for the development of organized exchanges and studyvisits as an integral part of the school pro gramme.
Dog mente man, at udbyttet af sådanne op levelser for de handicappede kunne være betydningsfulde for deres personlige udvikling og følgelig umagen værd.
Nevertheless, it was considered that the be nefit of such experience to the handicapped could be considerable in terms of their personal development and therefore worth while.
Det må bemærkes, at der blandt henstillingerne er enkelte, som kræver særlige foranstaltninger i form af fælles projekter og udvekslingsprogrammer for handicappede, og dette genspejler deltagernes ægte interesse for disse elever.
It will be noted that among there commendations, are those which call for special measures for joint ventures and exchange programmes for the handicapped and this reflects the genuine interest of participants in these pupils.
7.10. c) Erhvervsuddannelse
7.10 (c) Vocational education
Desuden har elever i fjerntliggende yderområder ikke ret mange muligheder for at optræde som værter for elever fra andre lande — som igen finder, at det er billigere og mere hensigtsmæssigt at besøge nabolande eller hovedstæder.
Similarly, participants were ever mindful of the special needs of pupils in vocational/technical education and this gave rise to several specific recommendations.
Tilsvarende var deltagerne overordentlig op mærksomme på de særlige behov blandt elever, der er under erhvervsrettet/teknisk ud dannelse, hvilket gav anledning til adskillige særlige henstillinger (jf. side 68).
— to integrate the able bodied and handi capped in suitably organized joint ventures; tures;
Elever fra mindre velstillede hjem har brug for økonomisk støtte, såfremt de skal gøre sig håb om at opleve et studie- eller udveksUngsbesøg i hvert fald én gang i løbet af deres skoletid.
— suited to the needs of pupils whose domestic situation ruled out the possibility of participating in home-to-home ex changes.
8.1 Såfremt medlemsstaterne godkender princippet om værdien af skolebesøg og -udvekslinger, som integreret del af skolens undervisningsplan på grundlag af de principper, der er redegjort for i foregående kapitel, må der træffes visse foranstaltninger med henblik på at fjerne de forhindringer og vanskeligheder, skolemyndighederne møder, samt at tilvejebringe den nødvendige opmuntring, støtte samt midler til udvikling og udvidelse af disse aktiviteter.
8.1 If Member States accept the principle of the value of the school visits and exchanges integrated in the school programme, on the principles set out in the preceding chapter, certain measures must be taken to help to remove obstacles and difficulties encountered by school authorities and to provide the en couragement, support and the means for de veloping and extending these activities.
Dette kræver igen :
8.2 This calls for :
— bevidsthed om og erkendelse af behovet for at fjerne administrative og lovbestemte barrierer, som direkte modvirker eller skaber vanskeligheder for integrerede besøg og udvekslinger.
— an awareness and a recognition of the need to remove administrative and legal barriers which militate against or create difficulties for integrated visits and ex changes.
Hvor der findes sådanne kontorer, synes der at være større aktivitet med hensyn til skole udvekslinger og studiebesøg.
It was suggested that the Commission might sponsor experiments to assess the benefits derived from exchanges or studyvisits by pupils under the age of 14 years.
— Regler for de tidsrum, hvor lærere og elever er bortrejst i løbet af skoleåret; eksamensprocedurer, som ikke giver mulighed for anerkendelse eller godskrivning af tidsrum i udlandet;
Regulations governing the absence of teach ers and pupils during the school term; examination procedures which do not offer the possibility of recognition or credits for periods abroad;
Det kan også blive nødvendigt med ændringer af bedømmelsen af eleverne eller af eksamensordningen.
In many instances it is the language teacher who has had the experience abroad as there have, in the past, been more opportunities for these teachers to gain experience abroad through the schemes for the exchange of assistant and expert teachers in operation in most coun tries.
gere har været inddraget i sådanne udveks linger.
Many pupils are precluded from participating in such visits and exchanges because of the transport difficulties and high costs due to geographical remoteness.
I tilslutning hertil bør der foranstaltes forudgående besøg for lærere, som er an svarlige for planlægningen af de detaljerede arrangementer.
In addition, pupils in peripheral areas do not have many opportunities to act as hosts for pupils from other countries — who find it cheaper and more convenient to visit neighbouring coun tries or capitals.
— Studiet af Europa bør udgøre en betyde lig del af samtlige skolers og læreanstalters undervisningsplan, om end ikke nødvendigvis som selvstændigt fag.
The more academic type of schools have had a longer tradition of involvement in offering opportunities of experience abroad and have acquired certain experience and expertise which is lacking in other types of schools.
Skolernes time-planer og undervisningsplaner bør være fleksible nok til at muliggøre en samlet behandling af det forberedende arbejde og »follow-up«-arbejdet i for bindelse med udvekslingerne/besøgene.
The presenters of case-studies stressed — and all participants agreed — that the success of all ventures depends upon careful preparation and planning which often calls for advance contact visits by the teacher who is responsible for the technical arrangements.
Når der er tale om elever i de højere klasser, er mange modvilligt stemt over for at afvige fra den normale skoletimeplan på grund af eksamenspresset, og fordi der ikke findes nogen form for er statning for eller godskrivning af den tid, der er tilbragt i udlandet.
In many countries this is not possible because of financial and administrative difficulties.
— De fleste udvekslingsprogrammer er resul tatet af personlige kontakter, der er etableret af lærere, som selv har deltaget i udvekslinger.
8.6 An appraisal of the school curriculum to ensure that the European dimension is adequate and that the curriculum is in itself sufficiently flexible to allow for the necessary preparatory work and follow-up programmes.
— I erkendelse af forskellen mellem værdien af sådanne rejser som en del af skolens arbejde bør der, navnlig uden for høj sæsonen, åbnes adgang for rejser til særpris gennem transportmyndighedernes velviUige mellemkomst.
Teachers need the guidance, support and ex pert assistance of national information services to facilitate them in many ways — in helping to make contact with similar suitable schools in other Member States — for advice as to sources of financial aid and travel possibilities for contacts with other schools who have been involved in visits abroad so that experiences and advice can be exchanged.
De mere akademisk orienterede skole former har haft en længere tradition for engagement med hensyn til at tilbyde muligheder for udlandsbesøg og har op nået en vis erfaring og ekspertise, som an dre skoleformer mangler.
8.5 The provision of a wider programme of exchanges for teachers, particularly from the educational establishments, which have not previously been involved in such exchanges.
I mange lande er dette ikke muligt som følge af økonomiske og administrative vanskeligheder.
In addition, provision should be made for advance visits by teachers who are responsible for planning the detailed arrangements.
Der bør finde konsultationer sted mellem lærer- og skoleorganisationer, hvor dette måtte være hensigtsmæssigt, vedrørende ud arbejdelsen og den praktiske gennemførelse af en bestemt politik samt for at beskytte de læreres interesser, der på embeds vegne er engageret i sådanne aktiviteter.
In the case of senior pupils, many are reluctant to depart from the normal school timetable and pro grammes because of the pressure of examinations and in the absence of some form of recompense or credits in respect of the experience abroad.
— Dette skulle kunne opnås på adskillige måder, f.eks. ved at man vedtager en lang række pilotprojekter, der finansieres af Kommissionen og medlemsstaterne i fællesskab, samt ved at man etablerer en generel fond, som i givet fald skulle bruges til finansiering af særlige opgaver, idet disse skulle opfylde visse kriterier.
This might be achieved in several ways, e.g. through the adoption of a series of pilot pro jects financed jointly by the Commission and the Member States, and by the provision of a general fund which would be available to finance special ventures which would satisfy certain criteria.
Henstillinger om aktioner på fællesskabs plan
Recommendations for action at Community level
Kommissionens in formationskontorer bør ligeledes gøres op mærksomme på, hvorledes de kunne for bedre deres service overfor skolerne.
Commissions Information Offices should also be made aware of how they could improve their services for schools.
Det er ikke nok at fremme besøg eller udvekslinger for elever i de yngre klasser, såfremt disse ikke følges op, når eleverne når op i de højere klasser.
The Commission is already in consultation with national experts in regard to the setting up of a number of information network pro jects.
På samme vis bør man betragte den forøgede bevidsthed om betydningen af en europæisk dimension i ungdomsuddannelsen, for det første som et bidrag til de unges almene politiske uddan nelse og for det andet som introduktion til en livslang voksenuddannelsesproces vedrørende betydningen af en forståelse af de fælles bindeled, de forskellige karaktertræk og de fælles formål i forbindelse med Fællesskabets mange forskellige gøremål.
Participants saw an opportunity for linking the national agencies for exchanges and visits to the proposed national and community network in such a way as to facilitate the schools/teachers anxious to make contacts and to develop their programmes of exchanges.
— Kommissionen er allerede i forhandling med eksperter fra de enkelte lande med henblik på oprettelse af en række informationsnet.
9.1 The Communities should not only draw the attention of Member States to the multiple benefits of visits, exchanges and interchange of information relating to European education but should also underline these quential nature of such experiences.