natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I værste fald kan formålet med dem være at fratage forbrugerne nogle af deres almindelige rettigheder ifølge loven.
In principle, the more complete the information on the packet, the better — proper information on the nutritional value of the contents is clearly desirable, for instance.
Det er indlysende, at der kræves en vis regulering af den måde, købekontrakter affattes på, hvis man skal genskabe ligevægten mellem udbydernes og forbrugernes rettigheder og forpligtelser.
Consumer information is not simply a matter of warning about possible risks: it should also be possible for a customer to read on the label about the product's positive qualities — and believe what it says.
Det er muligt at udarbejde en liste over urimelige aftalevilkår og forbyde deres anvendelse i kontrakter. Den præcise betydning af vilkårene fremgår imidlertid kun af den sammenhæng, hvori de anvendes, så en sådan liste over forbudte vilkår ville aldrig kunne blive omfattende nok.
The Commission has become interested in the possibilities for certifying these positive qualities: such certification, if properly carried out, could overcome the scepticism of consumers and encourage suppliers to add to the value of their product by offering higher quality.
Den ville være begrænset til ekstreme former for misbrug, såsom klausuler, hvorved en producent fraskriver sig ansvaret i tilfælde af grov uagtsomhed eller forsætlig utilbørlig handlemåde.
This initiative by consumer policymakers is open to misunderstanding, but fears that it would open the floodgates to highly restrictive labelling rules—obliging product names to be changed unless the merchandise comes from specific geographical areas or unless a particular recipe is followed — are unfounded.
Et alternativ — og et muligt første skridt til en »oprydning« i kontraktlovgivningen i EF-landene — ville være at udarbejde en modellov for kontrakter, som en producent med ønske om at handle overalt i Fællesskabet kunne vælge at bruge i stedet for kontraktlovgivningen i det land, hvor han er etableret.
What is involved is a way of recognizing that a producer has made a special effort, and enabling that effort to be rewarded.
Dette ville betyde en forenkling og en tids- og gebyrbesparelse ved kontraktunderskrivelse mellem parter i forskellige medlemsstater.
A producer who opts to follow a special process or meet a special quality requirement should be able to apply to a certifying agency, which would investigate his quality claim and endorse it when it appears on his product label.
Det ville ligeledes øge forbrugernes tillid gennem fjernelse af en vigtig faktor, som afskrækker dem fra at købe i udlandet, selv når der er meget at spare.
The agencies which grant these certificates in the different Member States would all need to operate according to the same Community-supervised procedures, so that the quality certified could command the trust of consumers throughout the internal market.
På dette område, som på området for fysisk sikkerhed, skal Fællesskabets fremtidige strategi være global.
Beyond that right to clear product information, however, there is a need for active investigation on the consumer's behalf.
Det seneste initiativ til genoprettelse af jævnbyrdigheden mellem parterne i en købekontrakt var direktivet om dørsalg, der blev vedtaget i 1985 27).
One of the many advantages which the modern large-scale producer enjoys over his customer is the ability to conduct expensive scientific and market research.
Sælgeren ankommer, væbnet med overbevisende argumenter og en standardkontrakt.
It helps to restore the balance if similar research can be carried out on behalf of consumers.
Forbrugeren bliver overrumplet og har ikke mulighed for at sammenligne det foreliggende tilbud med andre udbyderes tilbud.
This research can be specific or general.
Direktivet fastsætter en »fortrydelsesfrist« på syv dage efter underskrivelsen af bestemte kontrakter under sådanne omstændigheder.
The accident-monitoring activities of the European Commission (see Chapter 3) are an example of the kind of enquiry that casts a wide net, in this case in order to build up a general understanding of the range of safety risks faced by individuals in private life.
Retten til at træde tilbage fra aftalen gælder ikke for forsikringsaftaler, køb af værdipapirer eller postordresalg eller for kontrakter til en værdi af under 60 ECU.
The main purpose of the monitoring is, of course, to inform policy decisions at both national and Community level and to provide the factual basis for public information campaigns.
På indkøbstur i Europa
In 1987 the Commission launched a campaign to promote awareness on child safety.29
Oprettelsen af et indre enhedsmarked, hvor der ikke længere er grænser, der kan hindre handelen, betyder ikke alene frihed for producenter og handelsfirmaer til at flytte varer
2'' Commission of the European Communities, 'Communication on Community information and awareness campaign on child safety', Document COM(87) 211 final.
Det indebærer tillige fuldstændig frihed for den enkelte forbruger til at købe varer og tjenesteydelser i den medlemsstat, hvor betingelserne er mest attraktive.
Other, more specific, analyses help consumers to make choices that serve their economic interests, while at the same time assisting policymakers by highlighting anomalies in the operation of the market.
Forbrugerens magt til at vælge, hvor han vil købe, hvad enten det sker ved rent fysisk at passere grænserne eller ved at bestille varer og tjenesteydelser fra udlandet, må spille en væsentlig rolle i tilpasningen af markedet.
Price surveys are a simple — though contentious — way of determining whether the free market is working to the benefit of purchasers in general.
Industrierne har de bedste vækstbetingelser der, hvor de kan operere effektivt.
There is nothing in EEC law to oblige producers to charge the same prices throughout the Community; on the contrary, prices are in principle to be decided by market forces, including competition among producers.
Det er også af afgørende betydning for at forbedre forholdene i de dele af Fællesskabet, hvor udbydere og offentlige myndigheder hidtil har savnet et incitament til at være tilstrækkeligt opmærksomme på forbrugerproblemer.
As long as economic conditions differ within what is meant to be a common market, market forces will dictate different prices for the same item in different places.
Elimineringen af handelshindringer udstrækker sig derfor også til ophævelse af restriktionerne for den individuelle butikskunde.
Those differences must diminish, however, as consumers are free to shop outside their own territory.
Eksempelvis bør garantier for forbrugsvarer gælde i det land, hvor forbrugeren har sin faste bopæl, selv om varerne er købt andetsteds.
In time the free circulation of goods, combined with Community-wide price competition among suppliers, should cause prices for a given item to converge towards the lowest profitable level.
Adgang til kredit i andre medlemsstater skal være et væsentligt led i forbrugerens nyvundne frihed, når det indre marked er fuldført efter 1992.
The single large market promised after 1992 has been presented as a boon for businesses; yet it would seem that traders have drawn considerable profits from exploiting divisions in the market.
Et direktiv, som blev vedtaget i 198628), indeholder bestemmelser om en elementær beskyttelse af forbrugeren ved bl.a. at kræve, at kreditaftaler skal udfærdiges skriftligt, og at enten kreditomkostningerne som en samlet sum eller de årlige omkostninger i procent klart skal angives.
Surveys conducted since 1985 and published through the European consumer organizations have revealed differences of 30 to 40% in pre-tax prices for the same item, between pairs of towns less than 30 kilometres apart but separated by a land border.
Det næste skridt, der er under forberedelse, og som har til formål at sikre, at de enkelte individer kan »se hvad det er de køber« på kreditmarkedet, består i at standardisere den måde, hvorpå den samlede pris for forbrugerkreditten angives.
Publication of information about excessive price variations should create simple commercial pressure to eliminate them and their underlying causes, as consumers cross borders to buy where the price is lower.
Først da vil forbrugeren være i stand til at udøve en reel valgfrihed ved at sammenligne den virkelige omkostning ved forskellige former for tilbud om kredit.
For this reason, the ability to buy abroad rather than from domestic distributors ('parallel imports') is seen as an important factor for promoting the unity of the market, and — for sound economic reasons — has been one of the more staunchly defended rights of consumers in the European Community.
I juni 1989 nåede Rådet af forbrugerministre til politisk enighed om et forslag til direktiv om indbyrdes tilnærmelse af love og administrative bestemmelser om omkostninger ved forbrugerkredit. Der blev gjort en undtagelse for Frankrig og Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland, således at disse to lande ikke skal tilnærme deres beregningsmetoder før i 1996.
The Ford motor company, for example, was prevented by the European Commission and the European Court from refusing to supply right-hand-drive cars in continental Europe, where they could be had for relatively low prices and imported into Britain, bypassing the Ford distribution system there.
Der er ikke tale om, at fællesskabslovgivningen skal kontrollere den faktiske kreditomkostning.
Where wide variations persist, it is a sign that something may be hindering cross-border shopping.
Da dette er et område, hvor der bør finde en offentlig regulering sted, er det fortsat noget, som det tilkommer de nationale regeringer at lovgive for.
Either of two causes must be suspected: a national product standard which prevents importation of the goods in question (a technical barrier to trade) or anticompetitive behaviour by suppliers, such as granting inadequate guarantees for personally exported goods.
I alle tilfælde varetages forbrugernes interesser på det frie marked bedst ved forbrugernes egen indflydelse på markedet frem for ved lovgivning.
Correction can be by Community legislation or by court action — though it must be said that the EEC governments have been less than keen to adopt price disparities as a gauge of anticompetitive behaviour.
Det er ganske vist nødvendigt med lovindgreb, men kun for at udrydde misbrug, der berøver forbrugerne den indflydelse, som ganske .naturligt tilkommer dem i kraft af deres ret til at vælge og vrage. (I ovennævnte tilfælde består misbruget i tilsløringen af den reelle kreditomkostning, hvad der forhindrer et klart valg).
The lack of enthusiasm is hardly mysterious: an essential part of the value of such surveys is that they encourage cross-border shopping, which is a most unattractive proposition for those governments that face losses in revenue and less favourable trade balances as a result.
Den teknologiske udvikling udgør et godt eksempel på den slags forbrugerspørgsmål, som det — i det mindste i begyndelsen — er bedre at søge at løse ved hjælp af
Nonetheless, in 1986 the Commission reaffirmed its belief in the value of price surveys and undertook to promote cross-border shopping by funding the publication of guides on the consumer's right to buy goods in other Community countries, as well as to supply
kommunikation end ved på forhånd at gå ud fra, at der er behov for at lovgive om dem.
regular information on prices, together with up-to-date practical advice as to where the good buys are to be found.3(J
Inden længe vil videotex-systemer muliggøre overførsel af bestillinger til en udbyder fra forbrugerens hjem ved brug af hjemmets tv-apparat, der over telefonen er tilsluttet en edb-databank.
If local trading circumstances force their price down in one country, they will argue that they need to make higher profits elsewhere in order to have resources to re-invest, to carry out research, to maintain employment, or whatever.
Allerede nu kan bankkonti debiteres direkte på salgsstedet ved hjælp af elektronisk pengeoverførsel; også andre bankoperationer kan direkte igangsættes af bankens kunder — dog under forudsætning af, at de ikke er bange for at stole på datamater.
Article 85 of the Treaty of Rome allows firms to engage in behaviour which would normally be against the competition rules, when that behaviour 'contributes to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or economic progress, while allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit'.
Inden forbrugeren er parat hertil, må han dog beroliges med hensyn til visse tvivlsspørgsmål: Er forbrugeren beskyttet, hvis varer, som er bestilt ad elektronisk vej, viser sig ikke at være tilfredsstillende eller ikke er blevet korrekt leveret?
That 'escape clause' ensures that price surveys can never offer proof positive of infringement of the competition rules — but that does not mean they are invalid: on the contrary, they are an invaluable indicator of the flaws in the common market.
Hvis et kort eller et personligt identifikationsnummer, der giver adgang til et individs bankkonto, falder i forkerte hænder, hvad er da det pågældende individs ansvar?
The surveys on accidents and prices, described above, combine direct relevance to decisions faced by individual consumers with the general benefit of raising awareness of consumer issues.
Hvad sker der, hvis bankens datamat eller pengeautomat ikke fungerer rigtigt og gør fejl?
This dual function of consumer information is exemplified in a particular way by another form of inquiry: comparative testing of products.
En sådan opregning af de problemer, der kan vække tvivl hos forbrugerne om visse anvendelsesmåder for den nye teknologi, er ikke det samme som at sige, at tvivlen er berettiget i alle disse tilfælde.
There is no more direct method of overcoming the imbalance in the producer-consumer relationship than by backing up consumer choice with research resources comparable to those of the producer.
Det kan meget vel tænkes, at der kan gives fuldt ud beroligende svar på nogle af eller alle de spørgsmål, som er blevet rejst.
Comparative testing in the European Community is largely the preserve of the national consumer organizations and is the mainstay of their development.
Hvis nogle af svarene ikke virker tilstrækkeligt beroligende, kan bankerne eller andre, der opererer med den nye teknologi, muligvis overtales til at tage dem op til fornyet overvejelse med det formål at overvinde forbrugernes modstand.
Individuality is essential to the customer-supplier relationship in the free market and it is in the nature of consumer movements that they must weld into a common cause a host of requirements that are essentially individual.
Mobilisering af forbrugermagten
In politics clearly-defined issues provide the common motivation for individuals to forget their differences and act (or vote) together.
Hvad enten formålet er at overtale regeringerne til at lovgive mod produkter, der ikke er sikre, og mod uredelige forretningsmetoder eller at minde producenterne om, at lønsomhed går hånd i hånd med respekt for forbrugerbehov, er det nødvendigt for forbrugerne at føre deres kollektive styrke i marken.
On the other hand, consumer problems, however widely shared, are defined for the individual by the circumstances in which they arise for him or her: when a particular purchase fails to give satisfaction, it is unlikely to occur to the aggrieved customer to seek out other individuals who may have been disappointed in similar circumstances.
Dette indebærer en fælles bevidstgørelse om de problemer, som de er stillet over for, samt effektive strukturer til at give udtryk for deres fælles problemer og forsvare deres fælles rettigheder.
If the consumer organizations are to channel the needs of myriad individuals into effective pressure for change, they must attract membership by addressing themselves to the full diversity of supplier-consumer dealings.
Bevidstgørelse er nøgleordet i processen.
These findings act as an incentive to membership.
De vigtigste strukturer til at befordre bevidstgørelsen er forbrugernes egne organisationer, der opererer uden for politik og uafhængigt af andre interesser end forbrugernes.
Not only does it attract members and influence producer behaviour, it is essential for the credibility of consumer representatives when negotiating with government or industry or other interested parties.
Såvel af økonomiske som af etiske grunde må regeringerne give disse organer deres støtte — administrativt, finansielt og lovgivningsmæssigt.
Producers in particular are accustomed to quoting their own research findings in support of their products and marketing practices; the only way to hold one's own in an argument with them is to have sound independently established data to quote in response.
Den støtte, der er brug for, omfatter blandt andet retslige procedurer for behandling af de forbrugerklager, som ikke kan finde deres løsning ved direkte kontakt mellem organisationerne og producenterne.
It offers advice on draft legislation to the European Commission and the Council of Ministers, matters relating to consumers' interests being dealt with by its environmental protection, public health and consumption section. The Committee's influence is limited — its opinions
Information af og repræsentation for forbrugeren i det indre marked
In November 1988 a resolution of the Council of Ministers encouraged governments to appoint consumer representatives to national standardization bodies and to the national delegations to CEN and Cenelec.
Opbygning af bevidstgørelse
This is not the established practice in most Member States.
Så dybt rodfæstede er det producentdominerede markeds vaner og antagelser, at endog forbrugerne selv er tilbøjelige til at anse ubalancen mellem deres egne og udbydernes rettigheder som noget givet.
Among the reasons given are the underdeveloped state of consumer organizations in certain countries; the fact that, even where they are more highly developed, their structures are not suited to providing suitable representatives; a fear that consumer representatives will be amateurs, whose lack of technical expertise would slow down the work of standardization.
Dette er ikke et spørgsmål om at hverve proselytter: Det ville stride mod selve grundlaget for forbrugerpolitikken — det enkelte individs rettigheder — hvis man prøvede at fortælle folk, hvad der er godt for dem.
Such expertise is clearly beyond the reach of amateurs or non-specialist staff of consumer organizations: it must be commissioned from highly qualified — and highly paid — professionals.
Den hensigtsmæssige og mest effektive måde, hvorpå man kan øge den enkelte brugers indflydelse i økonomien, er at tilvejebringe effektiv information i relation til spørgsmål vedrørende forbrugervalg.
Such resources as the consumer organizations have are devoted primarily — for the reasons we have seen — to testing of goods and services.
Det første forbrugerprogram af 1975 bemærkede, at »en stadig mere fyldestgørende oplysning« var påkrævet for at sætte forbrugerne i stand til »... at udnytte deres midler på en bedre måde, mere frit at vælge mellem de forskellige varer og tjenesteydelser, der tilbydes, og at øve indflydelse på priser, produktudvikling og markedstendenser«.
The organizations would be loath to forego any of their activities in this field, even in order to play a greater role in standardization.
Det er ikke sandsynligt, at denne information vil blive overset, eftersom den frembyder umiddelbare fordele for folk, der står over for det specifikke valg, der er tale om.
As standardization is of significant benefit to the economy as a whole and to the welfare of citizens, it should be publicly funded.
I det lange løb vil det forhold, at en sådan information regelmæssigt gøres tilgængelig, skabe nye forventninger hos forbrugerne med hensyn til spørgsmål som pris/kvalitet-forhold, sikkerhed, service osv. Dette vil på sin side modificere de antagelser, der ligger bag produktions- og markedsføringsbeslutninger, samt ændre grundlaget for de foranstaltninger, som lovgiverne iværksætter for at sikre en redelig og fri handel.
An alternative would be to assign the work to some quasi-governmental consumer institute, with similar status to the 'ombudsman' who investigates consumer complaints in some countries, but there seems no point in creating extra structures; the independent consumer bodies have already developed, or are developing, structures for consumer representation and are likely to perform the task at relatively low cost, with a good measure of public confidence.
Det mest grundlæggende krav, som må stilles til forbrugeroplysning, er kravet om en redelig og fyldestgørende beskrivelse af varer og tjenesteydelser, som udbydes.
Proper consumer participation in standard-setting at national level would lead naturally to consumer representatives becoming members of national delegations to CEN/Cenelec meetings, with voting rights.
Dette gælder for købekontrakter, således som det er blevet diskuteret i foregående kapitel, og desuden mærkning og emballering af varer.
There would, of course, be every need for cooperation among the national consumer movements throughout the process; that would be the responsibility of the umbrella organizations — a far more rewarding task than that of maintaining a token presence in meetings over which they have little influence.
Regler om markedsføring af farlige stoffer sikrer anvendelse af tydelige faresymboler og angivelser af de dermed forbundne risici.
Not all the obstacles that segment the Community's internal market can be removed by a programme of legislation.
Elektriske husholdningsartikler skal også sælges forsynet med en etiket, der angiver deres strømforbrug.
Markets will function differently if differing structures allow variations in the extent of the consumer's influence.
Mærkningskravene kunne forbedres: Eksempelvis kunne forbruger ne ved køb af levnedsmidler vurdere produktets kvalitet, hvis de fik oplysning om dets sammensætning og fremstillingsmetode, ikke blot listen over ingredienser og tilsætnings-
Membership figures for BEUC comparative testing organizations reflect the uneven distribution of consumer awareness in the European Community: the Luxembourg Consumers' Union has more members
Alt for ofte er den samlede virkning af foranstaltninger i forbrugerens navn forvirring: Hvor meningsfuld for forbrugeren er således listen over »E-numre« på slikposer?
Economic differences between north and south are acknowledged as a factor, particularly the fact that in the Mediterranean countries a greater proportion of the population is rural — the consumer movement is an urban phenomenon — but any simple identification of consumer consciousness with levels of prosperity is invalidated by comparison of the British and Italian statistics.
Hvor mange af os forstår, at det store bogstav E på posen, der indebærer EF-godkendelse, henviser til vægten og intet andet?
The rural factor and the small population may help to explain why membership in Ireland, despite fast growth in recent years, is still at 'Mediterranean' levels.
Principielt er det sådan: Jo mere fuldstændig information på posen, desto bedre — klar information om indholdets næringsværdi er således ønskelig. Mængden af oplysning vil imidlertid ikke være til nogen nytte uden klarhed.
Greece, Spain and Portugal did not re-establish democracy until the consumer movement was well under way elsewhere, and BEUC notes a limited willingness by political parties in the Mediterranean countries to accept the organizations without trying to take them over or direct them to short-term electoral ends.
De eksisterende krav om mærkning må revideres og tydeliggøres for at fremme en klar information af forbrugeren, og ny mærkningslovgivning skal nøje undersøges, hvis den ikke blot skal øge forvirringen.
BEUC concludes that 'the real reason for the north-south gap lies in the difference in the degree of organizational capacity' and, although cultural explanations of the discrepancies are rejected, notes that 'the tradition of forming associations for particular purposes is less strongly rooted in the Mediterranean countries'. 31