natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Efter at Competition Act 1980]) trådte i kraft sidste år, har Director General of Fair Trading (DGFT) afsluttet fire undersøgelser af formodet konkurrencebegrænsende adfærd, og yderligere to er blevet iværksat.
Following the enactment last year of the Competition Act 1980,' the Director General of Fair Trading (DGFT) has completed four investigations intoalleged anticompetitive practices and initiated two more.
I den første Competition Aet-beretning om konkurrencebegrænsende adfærd konkluderedes det, at de kriterier, som T.I. Raleigh Industries Limited og T.I. Raleigh Limited (the Group), lagde til grund, når der skulle træffes beslutning om, hvorvidt der skulle leveres cykler til detailhandlere, var en konkurrencebegrænsende praksis. DGFT fik ingen acceptable tilsagn fra koncernen, og forelagde derfor i april 1981 sagen for The Monopolies og Mergers Commission (MMC) med henblik på at afgøre, hvorvidt denne praksis var i offentlighedens interesse.
The first Competition Act report to be published on anticompetitive practices,concluded that certain criteria used by TI Raleigh Industries Limited and TIRaleigh Limited (the Group), in deciding whether to supply bicycles to retailers,amounted to an anticompetitive practice.
I beretningen om Petter Refrigeration Limited (PRL), som blev offentliggjort i maj 1981, blev det konkluderet, at PRL havde overtalt eller forsøgt at overtale personer, som sælger, vedligeholder eller reparerer køleudstyr, herunder reservedele, til erhvervskøretøjer til at undlade at gøre dette, hvis udstyret ikke var fremstillet af PRL.
The report on Petter Refrigeration Limited (PRL) was published in May 1981 andconcluded that PRL has induced, or attempted to induce, persons who sell, service,or repair commercial vehicle refrigeration equipment (including spare parts), not todo so where it had not been manufactured by PRL.
Efter offentliggørelsen af denne beretning accepterede DGFT et tilsagn fra PRL om ikke igen at udvise en sådan konkurrencebegrænsende adfærd.
Following publication of thisreport, the DGFT accepted an undertaking from PRL not to repeat their anticompetitive course of conduct.
I december 1980 bebudede DGFT en undersøgelse af de kriterier, som Arthur Sanderson & Son Limited lagde til grund for at levere dekorations- og gardinstoffer til detailforretninger. ') Tiende Beretning om Konkurrencepolitikken, nr. 95.
In December 1980, the DGFT announced an investigation into the criteria adoptedby Arthur Sanderson & Son Limited for deciding to supply furnishing fabrics toretail outlets. In August 1981, the DGFT concluded in his report that the application of criteria adopted by the Company did not amount to an anti-competitivepractice. The report on Sheffield Newspapers Limited (SNL), published in late October,concluded that SNL had been, and in some cases were still, pursuing anticompetitive practices in the criteria it applied in determining whether to accept propertyadvertising, the terms on which it supplied such advertising, and the terms onwhich it supplied newspapers to newsagents.
Det drejer sig om henholdsvis London Electricity Board og W.M. Still & Sons Ltd. og W.M. Still Services Ltd. Disse to undersøgelser er stadig ikke afsluttet. I nogle tilfælde har virksomheder tilbudt at ændre deres praksis, og der har derfor ikke været grundlag for formelle undersøgelser i medfør af loven : for eksempel gav ICI tilsagn om at ændre visse af sine kontraktsbetingelser, og British Broadcasting Corporation og Independent Television Publications Limited gav tilsagn om at ville tillade uafhængige aviser at bringe oplysninger om fjernsynsprogrammer.
MAIN DEVELOPMENTS IN NATIONAL COMPETITION POLICIES 95 involving, respectively, the London Electricity Board and W M Still & Sons Ltd.and W M Still Services Ltd., which have yet to be completed. In some cases organizations have offered to modify their practices and formalinvestigations under the Act have therefore been unnecessary: e.g. from ICI in thatit would modify certain of its contract terms; and from the British Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television Publications Limited, in that they wouldallow free newspapers to publish details of televiion programmes.
MMC har, efter at have fået forelagt en række sager af ministeren i medfør af Competition Act, udarbejdet tre rapporter om spørgsmål, der hovedsagelig vedrører ef fektiviteten i offentlige virksomheder: London and South-East Commuter Rail Services '), Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB)2), og Severn Trent Water Authority (STWA) (sammen med to vandværker, der drives i tilknytning hertil)3).
The MMC, following references from the Secretary of State under the Competition Act, has made three reports on questions primarily concerning the efficiency of the operation of public sector bodies: London and South-East Com-
MMC konkluderede, at British Railways Boards adfærd ikke var i strid med offentlighedens interesse. Alligevel fandt man, at effektiviteten kunne forbedres, og der fremsattes 36 detaljerede forslag til en forbedring afdriften.
British Railways Board were not pursuing a course of conduct which operatedagainst the public interest.
MMC konkluderede, at CEGB's adfærd i forbindelse med vurderingen af nye investeringer havde været i strid med offentlighedens interesse, og der blev fremsat forslag om at forbedre vurderingen af fremtidige projekter.
The Commission concluded that the CEGB's course of conduct in the appraisal of newinvestment had operated against the public interest and made suggestions toimprove the assessment of future projects.
Med hensyn til STWA konkluderede MMC, at hovedsædet førte en mangelfuld kontrol med sin afdeling, hvilket var i strid med offentlighedens interesse.
On STWA, the Commission concludedthat the headquarters exercised inadequate control over its divisions and in thisrespect operated against the public interest.
Efter at have fået forelagt yderligere en sag fra ministeren er MMC nu i færd med at undersøge fire busselskabers virksomhed.
Following a further reference from the Secretary of State, the MMC is currently investigating the activities of four busundertakings.
Efter en sag tidligere i 1980 mod fire producenter af betonrørledningerα), blev der i december 1980 anlagt sag for » contempt of court « (foragt for retten) mod BSC, som havde indgået de samme aftaler som de fire producenter.
96 COMPETITION POLICY TOWARDS ENTERPRISES were instituted in December 1980 against BSC who had entered into the sameagreements as the four suppliers.
Da BSC indgik aftalerne, fik BSC overdraget aktiverne og passiverne i et selskab, som tidligere havde afgivet visse tilsagn over for Restrictive Trade Practices Court.
At the time when the Corporation entered into theagreements, the assets and obligations of a company, which had been subject toearlier undertakings given to the Court, were vested in the Corporation.
Domstolen fandt, at BSC var bundet af de af selskabet indgåede forpligtelser, og kendte BSC skyldig i » contempt of court«.
The Courtdecided that the Corporation was subject to the obligations of the company inrespect of the undertakings which the company had given, and found the Corporation was guilty of contempt.
BSC blev pålagt en bøde på 50 000 UKL.
A fine of UKL 50 000 was imposed.
Siden sidste års beretning er der blevet afsluttet to sager, hvoraf den ene drejede sig om en aftale vedrørende kulleverancer i South­West Wales, og den anden en aftale vedrørende levering af foderstoffer.
Since last year's report proceedings have been completed in respect of two agreements, those relating to the supply of coal in South-West Wales, and to the supplyof animal feeding stuffs.
I begge tilfælde udstedte domstolen påbud i medfør af lovens § 35, stk. 3, (eller domstolen accepterede de af selskaberne afgivne tilsagn i stedet for sådanne påbud), hvilket afskar parterne fra at føre eventuelt indgåede aftaler ud i livet uden først at lade det nærmere indhold af disse aftaler registrere.
In each case Court Orders under section 35(3) of the Actwere made (or undertakings accepted by the Court in lieu of such Orders), restraining the parties from giving effect to any agreements to which they might be a partywithout first submitting particulars for registration.
Begrænsningerne i de to aftaler blev erklæret i strid med offentlighedens interesse, og pålæggene i medfør af lovens § 2 (eller tilsagnene) afskærer nu parterne fra at føre de begrænsninger ud i livet eller at indgå andre registrerbare aftaler med samme indhold.
The restrictions in the twoagreements were declared contrary to the public interest and Orders under section2 of the Act (or undertakings) now restrain the parties from giving effect to thoserestrictions or making any other registrable agreements to the like effect.
De sager, som er blevet forelagt domstolen vedrørende Stock Exchange­aftalen, As­sociation of British Travel Agents­aftalen, og Society of West End Theatre­aftalen, har fortsat været under behandling.
Proceedings continued on the reference to the Court of the Stock Exchange,Association of British Travel Agents, and Society of West End Theatres agreements.
Aerodrome Owners' Association­aftalen og British Reinforcement Manufacturers' Association­aftalen, som tidligere er blevet indbragt for retten, er nu blevet ophævet af parterne, men i begge tilfælde vil sagen blive fortsat med henblik på at få udstedt et påbud.
The Aerodrome Owners' Association and the British Reinforcement Manufacturers' Association agreements, previously referred to the Court, havebeen ended by the parties, but Court Orders will be sought against them.
I perioden siden sidste beretning har DGFT forelagt fire sager (bortset fra fusionssa­ger) i medfør af Fair Trading Act 1973. Det drejer sig om engros­leverancer af automobil­reservedele i Det forenede Kongerige, udlejning af en film til biografdirektører i Stor­britannien, udlejning af pladser til campingvogne i Nordirland samt priserne på kondomer.
In the period since the last report, the DGFT has made four references (apartfrom merger references) under the Fair Trading Act 1973, namely: the wholesalesupply in the United Kingdom of motorcar parts, the supply in Great Britain offilms to exhibitors for exhibition in cinemas, the supply in Northern Ireland ofpitches for holiday caravans, and the prices charged for the supply of contraceptivesheaths.
I samme periode offentliggjorde MMC seks rapporter.
During the same period, the MMC published six reports.
I fire af disse blev det undersøgt, om der eventuelt forelå et monopol med hensyn til levering af flydende gas (LPG), landevejsreklamer, færdigblandet beton og tagsten af beton. De to andre var
Four examined theoperation of a possible monopoly in the supply of liquified petroleum gas (LPG),roadside advertising, ready-mixed concrete and concrete roofing tiles.
Det blev derfor anbefalet, at British Posters (et konsortium af ti af de største leverandører af plakater) blev opløst, og at der ikke igen blev dannet en lignende organisation.
MAIN DEVELOPMENTS IN NATIONAL COMPETITION POLICIES 97 consortium of ten of the major poster contractors) be disbanded and that no likeorganization should be formed again.
Med hensyn til handelsmetoderne inden for branchen for færdigblandet beton fandt MMC, at der ikke var grundlag for at antage, at der ikke var tale om effektiv konkurrence, efter at DGFT havde opdaget en lang række ulovlige, lokale prisaftaler, som imidlertid allerede var blevet ophævet.
Concerning trading practices in the supply ofready-mixed concrete, the MMC found that there was no evidence to suggest therewas not effective competition following the discovery by the DGFT of a largenumber of unlawful, local price agreements which had then been abandoned.
Med hensyn til levering af tagsten af beton fandt MMC, at de dominerende stillinger, som Redland Group og Marley Tile Company Limited indtog, var i strid med offentlighedens interesse, og det blev bl.a. foreslået, at de to selskaber skulle anmelde alle planer om at erhverve andre producenter af tagsten af beton til DGFT, og at denne skulle føre kontrol med visse forhold inden for denne branche.
Onthe supply of concrete roofing tiles the MMC found that scale monopolies whichexisted in favour of the Redland Group and the Marley Tile Company Limitedoperated against the public interest and they recommended, inter alia, that the twocompanies should notify the DGFT of any proposals to acquire any other concreteroofing tile producer and that the DGFT should monitor various aspects of theindustry.
På grundlag af de generelle undersøgelser, der blev foretaget, konkluderedes det, at der ikke var behov for yderligere lovgivning for at kontrollere tie-in-sales og full-line forcing, selv om særlige kategorier af varebindingsordninger ville kunne føre til sagsanlæg i henhold til gældende konkurrencelovgivning.
Of the general investigations carried out, it was found that no furtherlegislation was needed to control tie-in sales and full-line forcing, although particular categories of the tie might be the subject of action under existing competitionlegislation.
MMC fandt, at den praksis, man havde fulgt med hensyn til at give ikke-omkostningsbestemte rabatter til detailhandlerne, ikke generelt havde virket til skade for offentlighedens interesse, selv om det understregedes, at dette forudsatte, at den effektive konkurrence i detailleddet blev bevaret.
The MMC found that the general effect of the practice of giving non costrelated discounts to retailers had not been harmful to the public interest, though itemphasized that this conclusion depended on the maintenance of effective competition in retailing.
MMC henledte opmærksomheden på, at misbrug i de enkelte tilfælde kunne blive genstand foren undersøgelse i medfør af Competition Act.
The MMC drew attention to the fact that individual cases of abusecould be investigated under the Competition Act.
På baggrund af MMC's beretning om levering af visse gasapparater til husholdningsbrug, som blev udgivet i 1980 '), besluttede regeringen, at British Gas Corporation skulle ophøre med at sælge gasapparater direkte til forbrugerne og afhænde deres udstillingslokaler over en femårs periode, men at afhændelsen ikke ville blive iværksat, før der var indført en omfattende sikkerhedslovgivning.
In the light of the MMC report on the supply of certain domestic gas appliances,published in 1980,' the Government decided that the British Gas Corporationshould cease retailing domestic gas appliances and dispose of their showroomsover a five-year period, but that the programme of showroom disposals would notbe set in motion before comprehensive safety legislation had been enacted.
DGFT har forelagt ministeren for handel forslag vedrørende 182 fusioner og påtænkte fusioner, medens ministeren har forelagt seks sager for MMC.
The DGFT made recommendations to the Secretary of State on 182 mergersand prospective mergers, while the Secretary of State referred six cases to the MMC.
Af disse har MMC indtil nu kun aflagt beretning om British Rail Hovercraft Limited og Hoverlloyd Limited, hvor det anbefaledes, at fusionen skulle tillades, samt om forslaget om fusion af Enserch Corpora-
Of these, the MMC has so far reported only on British Rail Hovercraft Limited and Hoverlloyd Limited, recommending that the merger should be allowedto proceed, and on the Enserch Corporation/Davy Corporation Limited mergerproposal, finding that it would be expected to operate against the public interest andrecommending prohibition.
101 tion/Davy Corporation Limited, hvor det anbefaledes at nedlægge et forbud, idet man fandt, at fusionen måtte forventes at stride mod offentlighedens interesse.
Page 101
Kommissionens deltagelse i arbejdet vedrørende restriktiv praksis og statsstøtte i den internationale samhandel
Commission involvement in work concerning restrictivepractices and State aids in international trade
Kommissionen er afden opfattelse, at det er vigtigt at fremme og styrke samarbejdet mellem monopolmyndighederne, særlig under hensyntagen til de problemer, som opstår som følge af restriktiv praksis i den internationale samhandel.
The Commission considers it essential to promote and to strengthen cooperation between antitrust authorities, particularly in respect of restrictive business practices in international trade.
Den har derfor aktivt taget del i arbejdet i » Udvalget for restriktive forretningsmetoder«, under OECD, samt i den første møderække i » Gruppen af regeringseksperter på området restriktive handelsmetoder«. Sidstnævnte blev oprettet i henhold til »Komplekset af rimelige principper og regler, hvorom der er blevet enighed på multilateralt plan med henblik på kontrollen med restriktive handelsmetoder«, som De forenede Nationers Generalforsamling vedtog ved en resolution den 5. december 19801).
It has taken an active part in the work of the OECD's Committee of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices, and Commission representatives also attended thefirst meeting of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices, which was established under the Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, adopted bythe General Assembly of the United Nations on 5 December 1980.'
Kommissionen har ligeledes fortsat det bilaterale samarbejde med de kompetente myndigheder i tredjelande, særlig i forbindelse med gennemførelsen af OECD-Rådets henstilling af 25. september 1979 om samarbejde mellem medlemslandene vedrørende restriktive forretningsmetoder, der påvirker den internationale handel2).
The Commission also pursued bilateral cooperation with antitrust authorities innon-member countries, which is called for notably in the OECD Council Recommendation of 25 September 1979 on cooperation between member countries onrestrictive practices affecting international trade.2
OECD's Råd har offentliggjort sin rapport om »konkurrencepolitikkens rolle i en periode med økonomisk afmatning«, hvori det understreges, at der må føres en strengere kontrol med aftaler om prisfastsættelse, kvoter, opdeling af markeder og rationalisering samt med virksomhedskoncentrationer.
A report on 'The Role of Competition Policy in a Period of Economic Recession' was issued by the OECD Council.
Heri fremhæves ligeledes nødvendigheden af at begrænse støtteforanstaltningerne til fordel for kriseramte virksomheder og sektorer, samt at hindre, at disse foranstaltninger bidrager til at forsinke tilpasningsprocessen.
The report calls for stricter control ofagreements concerning price fixing, quotas, market sharing or rationalization aswell as stricter control of mergers.
Endelig betones det, hvor nødvendigt det er kun at give bemyndigelse til kriseaftaler i særlige tilfælde og i så fald inden for rammerne af nøje afgrænsede strukturomlægningsprogrammer og under hensyntagen til forbrugernes interesser og foranstaltningernes eventuelle ugunstige virkninger på den internationale samhandel.
It emphasizes the need to limit aid to firms andindustries in difficulty, and to ensure that such aid is not liable to delay the processof adjustment. It also argues that crisis cartels should be authorized only inexceptional cases, as part of a clear restructuring programme, due account being
Inden for denne organisation undersøger særlige arbejdsgrupper i øvrigt de vanskeligheder, som gør sig gældende i visse industrisektorer, der står over for særlig alvorlige problemer.
Within the OECD framework there are specialized working parties studyingthe situation in certain industries facing serious difficulties.
Dette gælder bl.a. for stålkomiteen og arbejdsgruppe nr. 6 vedrørende skibsbygningsindustrien.
Among these are the Steel Committee and Working Party No 6 on Shipbuilding.
Stålkomiteen sørger for, at OECD-landenes stålpolitik undersøges regelmæssigt, således at det enkelte medlemsland kan holdes orienteret om de øvrige medlemslandes politik på dette område.
The steel policies of OECD countries are regularly considered by the Steel Committee as a way ofexchanging information.
På et møde den 18. november 1981 redegjorde Kommissionen for Fællesskabets politiske linje i spørgsmålet om støtten til jern- og stålindustrien1). Redegørelsen blev efterfulgt af en drøftelse af såvel Kommissionens generelle politik på dette område som den holdning, den har indtaget i konkrete tilfælde.
At the Steel Committee meeting on 18 November 1981 the Commission described Community policy on aids to this industry.1 The meetingdiscussed the Commission's general policy in the area, and the position the Commission had taken on individual cases of assistance.
Sammen med OECD's gruppe nr. 6 har Kommissionen deltaget aktivt i arbejdet med ændringen af arrangementet vedrørende eksportkreditter til skibe og i forberedelsen af fornyelsen af det generelle arrangement vedrørende gradvis fjernelse af hindringerne for normale konkurrencevilkår inden for skibsbygningsindustrien.
In OECD Working Party No 6 the Commission took an active part in the workleading to the revision of the understanding on export credits for ships, and inpreparations for the revival of the General Arrangement for the progressive removal of obstacles to normal competitive conditions in the shipbuilding industry.
Inden for rammerne af Udvalget for internationale Investeringer og multinationale Selskaber og arbejdsgruppen vedrørende international investeringspolitik følger Kommissionen aktivt arbejdet med henblik på at finde frem til de forhold, der henholdsvis fremmer og hæmmer international investering, og virkningerne af disse forhold på det internationale samarbejde.
In the Committee for International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, andits Working Party on International Investment, the Commission is actively following the work being done to identify incentives and obstacles to internationalinvestment and their effects on international cooperation.
§ 2 — Arbejdet inden for UNCTAD
§2— UNCTAD
Principper og regler om restriktive handelsmetoder
Principles and rules on restrictive business practices
Som følge af, at De forenede Nationers Generalforsamling havde vedtaget resolution nr. 35/63 af 5. december 1980 vedrørende » Komplekset af rimelige principper og regler, hvorom der er blevet enighed på multilateralt plan med henblik på kontrollen med restriktive handelsmetoder«2) nedsatte De forenede Nationers Konference om Handel og Udvikling (UNCTAD) ved resolution nr. 228 (XXII) af 20. marts 1981 og under henvisning til afsnit G i førnævnte kompleks af principper og regler en gruppe af regeringseksperter på området restriktive handelsmetoder, en international institutionel mekanisme, som skulle gøre dette kompleks funktionsdygtigt3).
The Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Restrictive Business Practices was set up on 20 March 1981 by Resolution 228 (XXII) of the Trade and Development Board of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD);2 this Intergovernmental Group was provided for in Section G of the'Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices', adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 5 December 1980 in Resolution 35/63, and is to act as an internationalinstitutional mechanism to make the Set of Principles and Rules operative.3
Dens første møderække fandt sted i Genève fra den 2. til den 11. november 1981.
Its first session was held in Geneva from 2to 11 November 1981.
RESTRIKTIV PRAKSIS OG STATSSTØTTE I INTERNATIONAL SAMHANDEL
RESTRICTIVE PRACTICES AND STATE AIDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 101