natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Domstolen fastslog for det første, at spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt franchiseaftaler på distributionsområdet er forenelige med EØF-traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1, må bero på de bestemmelser, aftalerne indeholder, samt på den økonomiske kontekst, hvori de indgår.
In Akzo Chemie ν Commission3the Court annulled a decision of the Commission of December 1984 to communicate to a third party, ECS, docu­ments which, according to Akzo Chemie, contained business secrets.
Domstolen fastslog, at aftalebestemmelser, der er nødvendige for at hindre, at den know-how og bistand, som franchise-giveren giver, udnyttes af konkurrerende
The judgment has no bearing on the penalties imposed on Akzo by the Commission for the infringement of Article 86 but only on the procedure prior to the imposition of those penalties.
') Dom af 14.11.1984 (Intermitís/Kommissionen, sag 323/82) Sml. 1984, s. 3809 og dom af 13.3.1985
According to the judgment, the Commission should have taken account of Akzo's interest in the non-disclosure of its business secrets.
Dom af 28.1.1986 (Pronuptia de Paris/Schillgalis, sag 161/84).
Case 53/85. Case 75/84.
FORTOLKNING OG ANVENDELSE AF FÆLLESSKABSRETTENS MATERIELLE REGLER 381 virksomheder, og at aftalebestemmelser om den nødvendige kontrol til beskyttelse af identitet og omdømme af det distributionsnet, der er kendetegnet ved firmasymbolet, ikke er konkurrencebegrænsninger som omhandlet i EØF-traktatens artikel 85, stk.
The action was brought by Metro, a self-service wholesaler not admitted to SABA's selective distribution system.
Derimod fandt Domstolen, at aftalebestemmelser, der indebærer en opdeling af markeder mellem franchise-giver og franchise-tager eller mellem franchise-tagerne indbyrdes, udgør konkurrencebegrænsninger, der kan påvirke samhandelen mellem medlemsstaterne.
The importance of the judgment lies in its clarification of the Court's finding in previous cases ' that 'simple' selective distribution systems are capable of constituting an aspect of competition compatible with Article 85(1).
Der er tale om en sådan opdeling, såfremt aftalen indeholder en bestemmelse, som forbyder franchise-tageren at åbne andre butikker, samtidig med at franchise-giveren over for franchise-tageren har forpligtet sig til på et bestemt område at give denne eneret til det pågældende mærke.
The Court here qualified that doctrine significantly: competition might nevertheless be restricted or eliminated, it said, where the existence of a certain number of such systems did not leave any room for other forms of distribution based on a different type of competition policy, or resulted in a rigidity in price structure which was not counterbalanced by other aspects of competition between products of the same brand and by the existence of effective competition between different brands.
Sagen gav Domstolen anledning til at præcisere, i hvilket omfang EØF-traktatens artikel 85 finder anvendelse på patentlicensaftaler.
The analysis of the market presented in the case before it, particularly as regards the number of selective distribution systems and the level of concentration, led the Court to the conclusion that the SABA system was compatible with Article 85.
Derimod ville en afgift beregnet på grundlag af prisen på brættet alene (som ikke er patentbeskyttet) udgøre en konkurrencebegrænsning.
The judgment then took the principles developed in General Motors a stage further, and struck a blow against the tendency to insulate car markets from parallel imports.
FÆLLESSKABSRETTEN
COMMUNITY LAW for its own reasons applied for and obtained NTA (subsequently allowing it to expire) had allowed a reimport market to grow up.
For at EØF-traktatens artikel 85, stk. 1, kan bringes i anvendelse, er det på ingen måde en betingelse, at samtlige bestemmelser i en aftale kan påvirke handelen mellem medlemsstaterne.
The main effect of the judgment should be to make it possible for professional dealers to reimport vehicles.
Kun når aftalen i sin helhed kan påvirke samhandelen, er der anledning til at undersøge, hvilke bestemmelser i aftalen der har til formål eller til virkning at begrænse eller fordreje konkurrencen.
It also confirms that any attempt to use a monopoly in the issue of certificates of conformity in order to prevent reimportation of this kind, or to partition the market, is prohibited as an abuse of a dominant position.
Den 30. april afsagde Domstolen en meget vigtig dom i de forenede sager 209213/84 om luftfartstakster1).
The Court's judgment in VAG France ν Etablissements Magne ' con­cerned the nature of an exemption granted pursuant to Article 85(3) of the EEC Treaty.
På foranledning af en anmodning fra tribunal d'in stance de Paris skulle Domstolen tage stilling til spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt de nationale bestemmelser, hvorefter takster skal godkendes af de offentlige myndigheder, var forenelige med EØF-traktatens bestemmelser.
Commission Regulation No 123/85 declares a block exemption for motor vehicle distribution and servicing agreements;2the question at issue here arose out of the claim by Magne, a Volkswagen and Audi dealer, that its supplier VAG France was under an obligation to amend the agreement between the two firms so as to satisfy Article 5(2)(2) of the Regulation and to qualify for the block exemption.
Efter at have redegjort for den nationale og internationale kontekst, hvori de franske bestemmelser indgår (samarbejdet mellem luftfartsselskaberne, specielt inden for IATA, nettet af bilaterale aftaler vedrørende lufttrafik, de statslige myndigheders krav om godkendelse), tog Domstolen stilling til de vigtigste spørgsmål — herunder navnlig spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt EØF-traktatens konkurrenceregler (artikel 85 og 86) finder anvendelse på luftfartssektoren, uanset bestemmelsen i EØF-traktatens artikel 84 og uanset det forhold, at der ikke for denne sektor er vedtaget bestemmelser, der giver Kommissionen de samme beføjelser som dem, den har i henhold til forordning nr. 172) for så vidt angår andre erhvervssektorer.
The Court confirmed that a declaration that Article 85(1) did not apply, made by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3) either in an individual case or by means of a regulation, did not establish binding prescriptions which affected the validity or effect of contractual terms directly, or which obliged the parties to amend the agreement between them.
Domstolen fastslog, at de pågældende artikler i EØF-traktaten fandt anvendelse, idet den udtalte følgende:
The declaration was confined to establishing tests which, if satisfied, allowed certain clauses to escape the ban on restrictive practices.
»Medlemsstaterne kan ikke uden at overtræde deres forpligtelser i henhold til EØF-traktatens artikel 5, sammenholdt med artikel 3, litra ï), og artikel 85, navnlig stk. 1, godkende luftfartstakster og derved forlene disse med større gennemslagskraft, når det — så længe Rådet ikke har udstedt nogen retsakter som omhandlet i artikel 87 — i henhold til form-og procedurereglerne i artikel 88 eller artikel 89, stk. 2, er blevet fastslået, at de pågældende takster er resultatet af en aftale, en vedtagelse inden for en sammenslutning af virksomheder eller en samordnet praksis, der strider mod artikel 85«.
It was national law which governed the question whether the fact that certain clauses in an agreement were incompatible with Article 5(2) of Regulation No 123/85 might mean that the parties were obliged to amend the agreement.
I sag 53/85*) annullerede Domstolen Kommissionens beslutning af december
In an important judgment, Pinna ν Caisse d'Allocations
') Dom af 30.4.1986 (anklagemundigheden/ASJES, Le Vésinet m.fl., de forenede sager 209-213/84). 2) EFT 13 af 21.2.1967.
Familiales de la Savoie,3the Court, replying to a request for a preliminary ruling submitted by the French Cour de Cassation, declared invalid Article 73(2) of Regulation
3) Dom af 6.4.1962 (Bosch, sag 13/61) Sml.
Case 10/86. OJ L 15, 18.1.1985.
1962, s. 91. *) Dom af 24.6.1986 (AKZO/Kommissionen, sag 53/85).
Case 41/84. OJ L 149, 5.7.1971.
FORTOLKNING OG ANVENDELSE AF FÆLLESSKABSRETTENS MATERIELLE REGLER 383
383 different from those applicable where the country of employment is a Member State other than France.
1984, hvori der pålægges pligt til at meddele en tredjemand, firmaet ECS, dokumenter, der ifølge AKZO indeholdt forretningshemmeligheder.
The system laid down in Article 73(2) also left the way open to covert discrimination on grounds of nationality.
Dommen vedrørte altså ikke de sanktioner, som Kommissionen havde pålagt AKZO for overtrædelse af EØF-traktatens artikel 86, men kun den procedure, der var gået forud for beslutningen om at pålægge sanktionen.
But the effects of this declaration of invalidity were confined to the period after 15 January 1986.
Domstolen udtalte, at Kommissionen burde have taget hensyn til, at AKZO havde interesse i. at firmaets forretningshemmeligheder ikke blev videregivet til anden side.
There were overriding considerations of legal certainty which meant that the payment of family benefits in the past could not be called into question.
Dette søgsmål blev indbragt af Metro (en »selvbetjenings«-grossist), som var udelukket fra Sabas selektive distributionsordning.
He fell ill, and returned to the house in Belgium in 1982; he was refused invalidity benefit under the Dutch scheme on the ground that he did not satisfy the condition laid down in the relevant legislation that he must have lived in the Netherlands for at least a year during his period of incapacity.
Betydningen af denne dom ligger i den præcisering, den giver af Domstolens tidligere retspraksis2), i henhold til hvilken »simple« selektive distributionsordninger kan udgøre en form for konkurrence, der er forenelig med artikel 852).
The Court was asked whether Fr Van Roosmalen was a 'self-employed person' within the meaning of Regulation No 1408/71.
Dette betyder, at det er nødvendigt at foretage en vis analyse af markedet, før man kan afgøre, om en selektiv distributionsordning er forenelig med artikel 85.
In its reply the Court found that it was not necessary that a selfemployed person should receive payment as a direct consideration for his work.
Analysen af markedet i det pågældende tilfælde (og især af en række selektive distributionsordninger og af koncentrationsniveauet) har fået Domstolen til at konkludere, at den pågældende ordning var forenelig med artikel 85.
It was enough that in the exercise of his activities he received income permitting him to meet all or some of his needs, even if that income was supplied by third parties having the benefit of the services of a missionary priest.
) bekræftede Domstolen en kommissionsbeslut-
Finally, the Court said that under Community legislation residence in another Member State was equivalent to residence in the Member State concerned.
·) Dom af 11.10.1986 (Metro/Kommissionen, sag 75/84).
The Dutch requirement that the insured person must have resided in the Netherlands for a specified period was consequently unlawful.
Under klagepunkterne mod BL var opført spørgsmålet om, at man havde nægtet at lade den nationale godkendelse (NTA) af »Metro-køretøjer til venstrekørsel« forny ved aftalens udløb. Den manglende NTA-godkendelse hindrede professionelle britiske forhandlere i fra BL (der i henhold til den nationale lovgivning sad inde med monopolet) at opnå typegodkendelsesattester for de køretøjer til venstrekørsel, som de genimporterede fra Belgien (på grund af væsentligt lavere priser i dette land).
The Court ruled that Community law (Article 11 of Regulation No 1612/68 on freedom of movement for workers­) implied that such a person was entitled to take up any activity as an employed person and could pursue occupations subject to a system of administrative authorization and to special legal pro­visions governing their exercise, such as the medical profession, if the person concerned showed that he had the professional qualifications and certificates required by the legislation of the host Member State for the pursuit of the occupation in question.
Endvidere betegner denne dom en udvikling i forhold til den omtalte General Motors-praksis, og den er et hårdt slag mod tendensen til udskillelse af parallelle importmarkeder for køretøjer.
Confirming its decisions in Sotgiu3 and Commission ν Belgium (Case 149/
Endelig fastslog dommen, at uden at det var nødvendigt at udtale sig om spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt BL fra starten var forpligtet til at søge om NTA-godkendelse for »Metroer« til venstrekørsel, så havde det forhold, at BL (af grunde, som alene vedrørte denne virksomhed) havde ansøgt om og opnået en sådan godkendelse og derefter ladet den udløbe, været årsag til dannelsen af et genindførselmarked.
79),4the Court held that the nature of the legal relationship (whether private or public) between the employee and the employing administration was of no consequence with regard to the scope of the exception in Article 48(4) of the Treaty.
Hovedvirkningen af denne dom må være, at den har åbnet det pågældende marked for professionelle forhandleres genindførsel af køretøjer.
The criterion for the applicability of Article 48(4) was not organic in nature but functional (whether or not the posts in question were typical of the specific activities of the public service in so far as the exercise of powers conferred by public law and responsibility for safeguarding the general interests of the State were vested in it).
Dommen bekræfter endvidere, at enhver bestræbelse med det formål at hindre al genindførsel af denne slags eller en opsplitning af markedet ved at udnytte monopolet for udlevering af typogodkendelsesattester må anses for at være misbrug af dominerende markedsstilling. ling.
In view of the nature of the duties and responsibilities involved, employment as a nurse in a public hospital did not constitute employ­ment in the public service within the meaning of Article 48(4).
Dette spørgsmål var blevet rejst efter krav fra firmaet Magne S.A., forhandler af bilmærkerne Volkswagen og Audi, som af firmaet VAG Frankrig S.A. krævede, at dette ændrede forhandlerkontrakten mellem disse to virksomheder således, at den kom til at opfylde betingelserne i artikel 5, stk. 2, litra 2), i forordning nr. 123/853) (gruppefritagelse til fordel for distributionsaftaler på automobilom-
The preliminary ruling delivered in Kempf ν Staatssecretaris van Justi­tie5puts a stop to certain endeavours by national authorities to refuse residence permits to migrant workers who, on account of the extreme modesty of their earned income (in the case in point the person concerned had been able to
FORTOLKNING OG ANVENDELSE AF FÆLLESSKABSRETTENS MATERIELLE REGLER
INTERPRETAT TON AND APPLICA LION OF LHE SUBSTANTIVE RULES
385 rådet) vedrørende den minimale varighed af denne form for kontrakter for at kunne undytte undtagelsen.
385 secure only part-time employment for 12 hours per week), are compelled to apply for assistance from public funds.
Beslutningen om at artikel 85, stk. 1, ikke finder anvendelse, begrænser sig til at fastslå de betingelser, der — dersom de opfyldes — bevirker, at forbudet ikke finder anvendelse på visse kontraktbestemmelser.
It was irrelevant whether these supplementary means of subsistence stemmed from the assets or employment of a member of the family of the person concerned or were derived from financial assistance from the public funds of the host Member State.
Domstolen har i en vigtig dom1) i sag 41/84 — hvori den besvarede et præjudicielt spørgsmål forelagt af Frankrigs Cour de Cassation — statueret, at
By its judgment in Lawrie-Blum ν Land Baden-Württemberg, ' replying to a number of questions put by the German Federal Administrative Court, the Court confirmed its previous findings2concerning Article 48(4), which exempts posts in the public service from the principle of freedom of movement for workers.
I henhold til nævnte artikel 73, stk. 2, gælder der, for så vidt angår familieydelser, en særlig ordning for arbejdstagere, der er underkastet fransk lovgivning.
The Court held that a British candidate possessing the necessary German qualifications could not be refused a traineeship on the sole ground that she was not a German national.
Domstolen har kritiseret, at der således gælder to forskellige ordninger, fordi det skaber yderligere forskelle ud over dem, der allerede følger af, at de nationale lovgivninger ikke er blevet harmoniseret.
Although the judgment was expressly concerned only with the post of trainee teacher, it would appear to be relevant to the appointment of fully qualified teachers in State schools too.
Domstolen har i den forbindelse fundet, at et nødvendigt hensyn til retssikkerheden hindrer, at man på ny sætter spørgsmålstegn ved de beløb, som tidligere blev oppebåret som familiebidrag.
In Case 96/85 Commission ν France the Court held, in proceedings pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty, that by requiring doctors and dental practitioners established in another Member State to cancel their enrolment or
Da han blev syg, vendte han tilbage til sit kloster i Belgien i 1982 og anmodede forgæves den nederlandske forsikring om invaliditetsydelse; man meddelte ham, at han ikke opfyldte den ved lov fastsatte betingelse om at have boet i Nederlandene mindst et år under sin sygdom.
It is based primarily on the fact that the principle of a single practice is applied more strictly to practitioners from other Member States than to those established in France.
Domstolen har svaret, at det ikke er nødvendigt, at en ulønnet arbejdstager får vederlag som direkte modydelse for sin indsats.
The judgments established that the requirement in certain Member States that the leading insurer in a co-insurance operation must be established or authorized in the Member State of the risk was incompatible with Articles 59 and 60 of the EEC Treaty and with Council Directive 78/473/EEC relating to Community co-insurance.3
Det er tilstrækkeligt, at en sådan arbejdstager som led i sit arbejde modtager ydelser, hvormed han helt eller delvis kan ernære sig, også selv om disse ydelser som i det pågældende tilfælde leveres af udenforstående, som nyder godt af en missionærs indsats.
In Case 205/84 Commission ν Germany the Court also had to decide the more general question of the compatibility with Articles 59 and 60 of the German requirement that insurers wishing to supply direct insurance services on its territory must be established and authorized there.
Domstolen har også erklæret, at hvis arbejdstageren er tilknyttet en socialsikringsordning i en medlemsstat, hvortil han har indbetalt i flere perioder, er det unerordnet, om arbejdet finder sted i et tredjeland.
Here the Court first confirmed that the requirements of establishment and authorization constituted restrictions caught by Articles 59 and 60, and that as Community law on insurance now stood the Member States were entitled to impose restrictions on the supply of services only provided that it was imperative that they be imposed in the public interest, that the public interest was not already adequately safeguarded in the Member State of establishment, and that the same result could not be achieved by less stringent rules.
Endelig fremgår det for Domstolen af EF-lovgivningen, at »det forhold at være bosiddende eller at have boet i en anden medlemsstat sidestilles med at være bosiddende eller at have boet i den pågældende medlemsstat«. Det nederlandske krav om, at den forsikrede skulle have boet i en periode i Nederlandene, er derfor ulovligt.
After considering the arguments put forward by Germany to justify the restric­tions, the Court held that the establishment requirement (which was a negation of any freedom to supply services) was not justified, but that the authorization requirement might be justified in certain cases, in order to allow the Member State in which the services were to be supplied to exercise the necessary supervision in order to protect the insured and third parties.
) og sag 149/79, Kommissionen mod Belgien3
Free movement of capital
Rækkevidden af undta gelsesbestemmelsen i EØF-traktatens artikel 48, stk. 4, kan ikke fastlægges ud fra karakteren af retsforholdet (privat eller offentligt) mellem arbejdstageren og den administration, hvor han er ansat.
The Court's judgment in Brugnoni and Ruffinengo ' (reference for a preliminary ruling) concerns the compatibility with Community law on the free movement of capital of two constraints on the purchase of foreign bonds by an Italian resident.
Kriteriet for, hvorvidt EØF-traktatens artikel 48, stk. 4, finder anvendelse, er ikke af organisatorisk, men af funktionel art (dvs. hvorvidt de pågældende stillinger er typiske for den offentlige forvaltnings særlige virksomhed, når den er blevet overdraget udøvelsen af offentlig myndighed og ansvaret for varetagelse af statens almene interesser).
On the first point, the Court ruled that the lodging of a bank deposit was authorized, as a protective measure, by a Commission Decision based on Article 108 of the Treaty.
Stillingen som sygeplejer(ske) i offentlige hospitaler kan efter de ar bejdsopgaver og det ansvar, som denne stilling indebærer, ikke anses for »reserverede stillinger« i den i EØF-traktatens artikel 48, stk. 4, nævnte betydning.
Since the latter constituted an extension of a previous Decision, the fact that the bonds in question were acquired prior to its entry into force was not an argument for the return of the deposit.
der fra princippet om arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed undtager stillinger i den offentlige administration. Domstolen nægtede at bringe denne undtagelsesbestemmelse i anvendelse i den foreliggende sag, hvor der var tale om et lærerkandidatkursus i Tyskland, som man skulle have gennemgået som betingelse for adgang til en stilling som lærer i den offentlige sektor.
In Roberts ν Tate and Lyle Industries2 the Court confirmed that a contractual provision which laid down a single age for the dismissal of men and women under a mass redundancy involving the grant of an early retirement pension, whereas the normal retirement age was different for men and women, did not constitute discrimination on grounds of sex contrary to Community law.3
Domstolen fandt, at man ikke kunne nægte en britisk kandidat, der havde de nødvendige tyske eksamensbeviser, adgang til et kursus alene med den begrundelse, at den pågældende ikke var tysk statsborger.
In Marshall ν Southampton and South-West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching)4and Beets-Proper ν F. Van Lanschot Bankiers5the Court held that Article 5(1) of Directive 76/207/EEC ' did not allow the Member States the freedom to exclude from equal treatment an express or implied term calling for the termination of the contract of employment when the employee became entitled to a pension, at an age which was different for men and women.
Selv om dommen alene vedrører en stilling i form af et kursus for lærerkandidater, kan man måske også drage de samme konklusioner med hensyn til stillinger for færdiguddannede lærere i de offentlige skoler.
In Marshall the Court for the first time stated a view on the question whether an individual may rely upon a Community directive against another individual before a national court (the 'horizontal effect' of a directive); the Court's answer was a clear no, although the question was not essential to the case before it, where the employer, a hospital, was a public authority.
Domstolen har afsagt en vigtig dom i sag 270/832), hvori den fastslår, at Frankrig har tilsidesat de forpligtelser, der påhviler det i medfør af EØF-traktatens artikel 52, fordi medlemsstaten ikke yder filialer og agenturer i Frankrig af for sikringsselskaber med hjemsted i en anden medlemsstat skattegodtgørelse af de udbytter fra franske selskaber, som de nævnte filialer og agenturer modtager, på samme vilkår som forsikringsselskaber med hjemsted i Frankrig.
The Court's judgment in Bilka Kaufhaus ν Weber von Hartz6concerned a situation in which part-time workers were excluded from their employer's occupational pension scheme. Almost all the workers concerned were women.