natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Da skibsfart normalt er en verdensomspen-dende aktivitet, er det vigtigt, at Frellesskabet aktivt nen opfordrer dem til at deponere deres ratifika- t tionsdokumenter prompte
As shipping is predominantly a worldwide activity, it is important that there be active Com munity involvement in international regulatory bodies, such as IMO and ILO.
deltageri det arbejde,der udforesaf internationalestyrende organer, som f.eks. IMO og ILO.
With the ratification by the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands, the Code entered into force in October 1983.
Kommissionen er i ojeblikket pä ny i frerdmed at drofte de minimumsbestemmelser. der skal
The Commission is re-examining the need for minimum rules to be established in cases of dismissal of professional seamen serving on board Member States' merchant ships, in particupar when the dismissal takes place in a foreign port.
Forberedende ar-bejde til et lovudkastom individuel opsigelse udenhensyn til den irnCustrielle sektor, der er involveret,er allerede sat igang.
In due course it will be necessary, since aspects of Community competence are involved in these discussions, for the Council to act on the involvement of the Community in the negotiations in the future agreement2and to work out arrangements for applying the same principles between the Member States.
t; Se Kommissionens fierde rapport fremsendt til Rädet, den29.6.1984. Gennemforelse af Rädets forordning (E@F) nr.
' See '4th Progress Report' of the Commission, transmitte'd to the Council on 27.6.1984: 'Implementation of Council Regulation (EEC) No 954/79 of 15 May 1979 concerning the ratification by Member States of, or their accession to, the United Nations Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences' (com (84) 369 final).
954179 af 15.5.1979 om medlemsstaternes ratifikation ellertiltrredelse af De forenede Nationers konvention om enadferdskodeks for Liqlekonferencer (KOM (84) 369 endeligudg.).
2See Recomendation for a Council Decision authorizing the Commission to open negotiations with the United States of
Sociale sporgsmäl af mere generel natur, derfalder ind under traktaten. skal behandles inden for Frellesskabets struktur for en bredere social politik,idet der tages hensyn til skibsindustriens specielleforhold.
Since the adoption of the UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences in 1974, the organization of the liner conference markets has been one of the main points of discussion in connection with ocean transport policy.
Udover de generelle sporgsmäI, der er drgfteti de foregäendeaßnit, er de vigtigste aspektervedrorende linjeskibsfart folgende:
Apart from the general questions discussed in the previous paragraphs, the main aspects of policy which concern liner shipping are:
Kommissionen erindrer om de ordninger,der vedtoges afRädet den 8.maj 1979.
arrangements laid down by the Council of 8 May 1979.
I srerdeleshed blev det vedtaget, atmedlemsstaterne og Kommissionen skal trreffe foranstaltninger for at andre OECD-lande vedtagerlosninger, der svarertil Bruxelles-pakken, hvis detiltrreder kodeks.
In particular, it was foreseen that the Member States and the Commission will initiate action to encourage the other OECD countries to adopt equivalent solutions to the Brussels Package if they accede to the Code.
Norge og Sverigehar indtagetsamme holdning som Frellesskabet, og der er tagetnyttige kontaktermed Japan og Finland.
Norway and Sweden have taken the same position as the Community, and useful contacts have been made with Japan and Finland.
Kommissionen vil fortsrette dette arbejde.
The Commission will continue this activity.
Herudover vil Kommissionen snarest folge de foranstaltninger op,der er omtalt i Rädets referat vedrorende Frelles- l) Gennemforelse af FN-konventionen om enkodeks for linjekonferencer og Bruxelles-pakken(forordning 954179)
In addition, the Commission will, in due course, follow up the actions envisaged in the Council minutes concerning the accession of the Community as such to the UN Convention and the preparation of the review conference envisaged in the Convention.
2) Anvendelse af konkurrencereglerne i Rom-trak-taten skabets tiltrredelse af FN-konventionen og forbe-redelsen afen ny konference som planlagt i konventionen.
Implementation of the UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences and the Brussels Package (Regulation 954/79)
Da kun to frellesskabsmedlemslande indtil nuhar ratificeret kodeks, mä der anvendes forskelligeordninger i fart til og fra fallesskabshavne.
The fact that only two Community Member States have as yet ratified the Code leads to the application of different regimes in the trade to and from Community ports.
Dennesituation er ikke forenelig med frellesmarkedetsgenerelle interesser ogbor ikke blive langvarig.
This situation is not com patible with the general requirements of the com mon market and should not last long.
Deter yderst onskeligt, at alle medlemsstater hurtigttiltrreder kodeks i overensstemmelse med forordning 954179.
The prompt adhesion of all Member States to the Code in accordance with Regulation 954/79 is most desirable. ble.
Ved anvendelsen af kodeks pä en given fart vilde bilaterale relationer mellem Frellesskabets med- omtalt.
With the application of the Code to a given trade, the bilateral relations of the Community Member States to the relevant third countries will be governed by the Code and Regulation 954/79.
Udviklingen af bilaterale forbindelser mellemmedlemsstaterne, Fallesskabet og tredjelande, der ikke har tilträdt kodeks, vil krreve et intensivtsamarbejde rned disse stater, da kodeks er en tem- melig kompliceret aftale.
The development of the bilateral relations of the Member States and the Community to third countries not adhering to the Code will require intensive cooperation with these States since the Code is a rather complex convention.
Fallesskabet og detsmedlemsstater vil vrerenodt tilsammen at udviklederes kontaktermed de tredjelande, der ikke hartilträdt kodeks, for at det ngdvendige samarbejdekan komme i stand.
The Com munity and its Member States, acting together, will have to develop their contacts with third countries not adhering to the Code in order to establish the required cooperation.
Anvendelsen af konkurrencereglerne i Rom-trak-taten
The application of the competition articles of the Treaty of Rome
Da Rädet vedtog forordning 954179, opfor-drede det Kommissionen til at fremsette et forslagtil udforlige regler for anvendelsen af artikel 85 og86 pä sotransport.
to lay down detailed rules for the application of Articles 85 and 86 to sea transport.
Dette er allerede sket, og droftel-serne herom er i gang i de instanser,de henhorerunder i Rädet.
This has already been done and discussions are in train in the subordinated bodies of the Council.
Formälet med denne del af dokumentet er ikke pä ny at diskutere selve konkurren-cereglerne, rnen at se dem i sammenhang medskibsfartspolitikken generelt og at pävise deresbetydning for gennemfgrelsenaf mälsretningernefor Frellesskabets skibsfbrtspolitik.
The pur­pose of this section of this paper is not to discuss competition policies ab initiis but to set them in the context of general shipping policy and to demons­trate their importance to the achievement of the Community's shipping policy objectives.
Kommissionensforslagr) omfatter international sotransport med undtagelse af trampskibe.
The Commission's proposal' applies to inter­national maritime transport services other than those of tramp vessels.
Hvordet drejer sig om linjekonferencer, tages der hensyntil, at systemethar fungeret i over 100 är og har rence fra rederier uden for konferencen pä farter,der omfattes af lukkede konferencer.Hvis dennetendens fortsretter, vil det berore frellesskabseks-portens konkurrencedygtighed alvorligt og vil sandsynligvis medvirke til at foroge fragtraterne i forbindelse med import samt begr & nse redernes muligheder for at ggre rentable forretninger.
As far as liner conferences are concerned, it takes into account the facts that the system has existed for over 100 years and has been broadly supported by shipowners and ship­pers; and that it was considered by the Council to have a stabilizing effect, guaranteeing regular and reliable services to transport users.
Samtidig erprocentdelen af last, der transporteres af rederieruden for konferencen, steget gradvis der, hvorfarterne er äbne lor konkulrence fra disse; pä defleste europreiske farter udgjorde tonnagen for rederier uden for konferencen for ti är siden l0% aftotalen; pä mange farter udgor den nu 30% eller40%. I lyset af denne udvikling har Kommissionenunder droftelserne af dets udkast til forordning i deinstanser, der er nedsat af Rädet, foresläet andringer til det oprindelige forslag.
It is proposed to grant a block exemption to conferences on the basis of Article 85(3), considering in particular the existence of outside competition.
Undersädanne omstrendigheder indeholder Kommissionens forslag mulighed for at trrekke gruppefritagel-sen tilbage fra den pägaldende konference. I stedetvil der vrere mulighed for en individuel fritagelse päde betingelser og vilkär, som er i overensstemmelsemed kravet i artikel 85, stk. 3, og som anses fornodvendig for at beskytteinteresserne hos de redereog deres aßkibere, som i praksis blev udelukket fraden pägaldende fan.
Contrary to the legislation in the United States, providing for the open conference system, the Commission's proposal leaves it entirely to the conferences to decide on their membership and in doing so does not deviate from the system endorsed by the Code.
Det er blevetforesläet at fritageen gruppe for deltagelse i konfe-rencerne pä grundlag af artikel 85 (3), i sardeleshed pä grund af konkurrence fra > outsideren. Pägrund af de salfue aspekter ved linjesektorener debetingelserog forpligtelser, der er knyttet til fritagelsen udarbejdet med henblik pä at opretholdeordningen, idet man samtidig tager hensyn til forbrugernes interesser. I modsetning til lovgivningeni De forenede Stater i henhold til hvilken manopererer med äbne konferencer,overlader Kommissionens forslag det helt til konferencerne atafgorc, hvem der skal vrere medlemmer, og dennepraksis afviger ikke fra den ordning, der er nedfeldet i kodeks. 64, Komplementettil Kommissionens forslag omanvendelse af konkurrencereglerne i traktaten erproblemet om, hvorledes man skal behandle illoyalprispraksis. De to sporgsmäl influerer tydeligvis pähinanden, og Kommissionen mener, at det ville
The monito­ring exercise, started in 1979 and covering trades between the Community to and from Central Ame­rica, East Africa and the Far East, has been working very satisfactorily and has revealed that such tactics employed by State­trading countries' carriers as underquoting and the creaming off of high­paying cargo are causing damage to Community carriers.
vere bedst at soge at lgse begge problemer samti'dig.
from the flying of a flag of a State which has not ratified or implemented the main IMO and ILO conventions.
rädighed for Frellesskabets redere' Men hvis Frellesskabets fragtskibe, som allerede er därligerestillet pä grund af denne udvikling, svakkesyderli- yderli- gere pä grund af illoyal praksis fra de fragtskibe, som ikke er underlagt de samme kommercielleforpligtelser, som Frellesskabets fragtskibe, kan denskade, der säledes päfores dem' blive okonomiskalvorlig.
practices are also employed in other trades not monitored by the Commission and that indeed the problem of unfair competition may not only be confined to State-trading countries' carriers but also extend to carriers of other countries who are owned or financed by their governments. For this reason the Commission considers it necessary to continue and to extend the exercise to other trades threatened by the same practices.
Problemet er for nylig blevet belyst af denfranske regering, og Rädet har allerede drgftet dette sporgsmäI.
The above developments can partly be inter preted as the effects of normal commercial pressures.
Samtidig mä det understreges, at statsejendom og -finansieringikke nodvendigvis giver grundtil bekymring; bekymringen hrenger sammen medmisbrug af fordelene ved et sädant ejerforhold og ensädan finansiering.
Consequently, that situation should be coped with by commercial means at the disposal of the Community shipowners themselves.
overväges af Kommissionen, og at sporgsmäLlet omilloyal praksis i virkelighedenikke kun er begrrensettil statshandelslandenes fragtskibe, men ogsä praktiseres af fragtskibe fra andre lande, hvor de ejeseller finansieresaf regeringerne.Af disse grundemener Kommissionen, det er nodvendigt atfortsptte og udvide systemettil andre farter, somrammes af samme praksis.
However, if Community carriers, already weakened by these developments, are weakened even further by unfair practices of carriers which are not subject to the same commercial constraints as Community carriers, the damage thus inflicted could be financially serious.
Kommissionen har i sine overvejelser over'hvorledes man kan lose problemet, omhyggeligtundersogt antidumping- og udligningstoldbestem-melserne i GATT-aftalen samt Fellesskabets egneinstrumenter pä dette omräde, som kun grelder forforarbejdede varer.
In considering how to cope with the problem, the Commission has carefully examined the anti-dumping and countervailing duty provisions of the GATT Code and the Community's own instruments in this area, which apply only to manufactured goods.
Efter dens mening kan de forskellige kriterier, der er opstillet i GATT-aftalenmed henblik pä at afgote, om der er tale omdumping, ikke anvendes tilfredsstillende pä linjeskibsfart.
In its view the various criteria set out in the GATT Code for deciding whether dumping exists cannot be satisfactorily applied to liner ship ping.
Dette skyldes hovedsagelig linjeskibsfrag-terne.
This results predominantly from the nature of liner freight rates.
Skont det generelle niveau for fragtrater, somopgives af en skibsreder,helt klart stär i relation tilden indkomst, han behgver for at dakke sineomkostninger og (ideelt set) opnä en fortjeneste,har raterne for individuelle handelsvarer ud over etminimumsniveau, der er bestemt af de direkteomkostninger, traditionelt vreret baseret pä, hvadmarkedet kan bare (dvs. priselasticiteten i forbindelse med eftersporgslen efter den pägreldende varepä det marked, pä hvilket den udbydes, varens
Although the general level of freight rates which a shipowner quotes is obviously related to the revenue he needs to cover his costs and (ideally) make a profit, rates for individual commodities have, subject to a minimum level derived from direct handling costs, traditionally been based on what the market will bear (i.e. the price elasticity of demand of the commodity in question in the market to which it is consigned, the commodity mix in the trade, the volume of trade in each direction, and the degree of competition).
Ovennrevnte udvikling kan deivis fortolkessom virkningerne af normale kommercielle meto'der. Folgelig burde denne situation kunne klaresved hjrelp af de kommercielle midler, der stär til
This has resulted in sometimes extremely complex rate structures.
V. Sporgsmä_BAR_, der primert vedr@rer bulk-shipping pävirkning af handelen, omfangetaf handel beggeveje og konkurrencens intensitet).Dette har resulteret i undertiden ekstremt komplicerede ratestruk-turer.
But in principle there is no reason why a freight rate for a particular commodity should be the same on one route as on another; nor even for different directions on the same route or that it should bear any predetermined relation to the cost of carriage.
Indlorelsen af containertrafik har ofte formindsket forskellene mellem de rater, der tilbydes, og til at forenkle ratestrukturen; i praksis fastsrettesraterne i stort omfang efter det kommerciellepres. pres.
In the view of the Commission, the problem has to be approached from the comparison of freight rates charged for the same commodity on the same route and without any detailed reference to the costs of moving the particular commodity in question.
Men i princippet er der ingen grund til, at fragtraterne for en specialvareskal vare de samme pä forskellige ruter eller for den sagsskyld for forskellige retninger pä samme rute eller, at den skalv & re nogen forudfastsatrelation til transportom-
Thus, before the Community takes action against a rate or rates alleged to be predatory, the following cumulative criteria should be satisfied:
De grundlaggende problemer i forbindelsemed bulk-shipping - ud over sporgsmäl om sejladsunder bekvemmelighedsflag - som i stort omfanger et bulk-shippingproblem- er blevet behandletunder de sporgsmäl, der vedrorer samtlige formerfor skibsfart i kapitelIII (se i srerdeleshed punkt 25,26 og 29).
The problem has recently been highlighted by the French Government, and the Council has already had some discussions on this subject. Although, as is stated in para.
Säledes skal folgende kumulative betingelser v & re opfyldt, vere nyttige eller nodvendige pä dette omräde isrerdeleshed med henblik pä de igangvrerendedrsftelser pä internationalt plan og specifikt i forend Frellesskabet griber ind over for en rate eller
17, there is an increasing risk that shipping services under the Community flags may price themselves out of the market, the more immediate danger lies rather in the disruption that may be caused on particular trade routes by competition which derives an unfair advantage from being State-owned or controlled or
Ligesom inden for andre erhvervssektorerfindes der en hel rakke specielletrak, som er
Like other economic sectors there is a variety of distinctive features which characterize the bulk shipping markets:
o Grad af integration: fra selvstrendige ejere,bulk-shippingpuljer eller -konsortier, hvori ejerel
(i) the rate or rates are offered by a shipowner who in the view of the Commission derives an unfair advantage from being State-owned or State-controlled; or from having preferential access to an international market to which other shipowners on the route do not have access; or from operating under a flag of a country which has not ratified or does not implement the main IMO and ILO conventions; and
(ii) Raten eller raterne er konsekventlavere enddem, der beregnes for de samme varer pä sammerute af en etableret reder uden for konferencen, somikke hgrerind under de grupper, der er omtalt i (i) ovenfor.
• degree of integration-, ranging from independent owners, bulk shipping pools or consortia where owners/operators pool their ships in order to compete more effectively for larger volumes of cargo, to ownaccount shipping of vertically integrated companies;
redere slutter sig sammenmed henblik pä at konkurrere mere effektivt om storre mrengderlast tilskibe, der sejler for egen regning i vertikalt integreredeselskaber. selskaber.
(ii) the rate or rates are persistently lower than those quoted for the same commodities on the same route by an established nonconference operator not coming within the categories set out in (i) above; and
o Former for kontrakter:kort- og langtidsfragtaftaler, rejsebefragtning, tidsbefragtning,total befragt- ning.
• types of contractual arrangement: e.g. short- and long-term contracts of affreightment, voyage charter, time charter, bareboat charter.
(iii) Raten eller raterne forärsager eller truer medat forärsage materiel skade lor Frellesskabets redereeller har givet anledning til en uacceptabel afbry-delse i fragtmonstretpä den pägreldende fart, säledes at den/de vil forarsage eller truer med at forärsage materiel skade for Fdlesskabetsredere. redere.
(iii) the rate or rates cause or threaten to cause material injury to Community shipowners or have caused an unacceptable disruption in the freight pattern on the trade in question and thus cause or threaten to cause material injury to Community shipowners.
Med hensyn til torlast er der entendens til at gä over til mineraloparbejdningved ved udvindingskildeni udviklingslandene pä grund afmuligheden for omkostningsbesparelser,bemrer- bemrer- kelsesvrerdigtstrengere forureningskontrol i deindustrialiserede lande og forsogetpä fra udviklings- gift; denneafgift skal tage sädanne faktorer som dentilbudte ydelses relative kvalitet, muligheden for atde opgivne rater ikke er de samme, som de virkeligtgreldende osv. i betragtning.
If all these criteria are satisfied, the Commission proposes that it should be empowered to impose a countervailing duty on the freight rate(s) in question; this duty should take into account such factors as the relative quality of the service offered, the possibility that the rates quoted may not be the same as those actually charged and so on.
Et detaljeret forslagindeholdende dissetanker er vedlagtsom side 60.
A detailed proposal embodying these ideas is on page 58.
De vresentligste produkter i päfores andre omräder af den maritime transport ogvil, om nodvendigt, lave forslag i overensstemmelsehermed.
The Commission will consider whether similar problems apply in other areas of maritime transport and will, as appropriate, make proposals accordingly.
tenderetmod at indskrrenkes, afttrengigt af redernesforventninger til fremtidige prisudviklinger.
There have been some notable developments in the organization of the dry bulk markets and, more recently, the oil markets.
Dette eret velkendt frenomeninden for skibsbygning, hvisvirkninger er srerlig udtalte inden for bulk-shipping.
The principal products concerned are alumina, bauxite, copper ore, manganese, chromium phosphates and, more recently and not yet substantially, iron ore.
Udviklingenpä bulk-shippingomrä- det gere har opgangeni den japanske okonomi haftbetydelig indflydelse pä handelsmonstrene.
Furthermore, the rise of the Japanese economy has significantly influenced trading patterns.
Denhurtige ekspansioni handelensomfang, gennem-snitsaßtanden og skibsstsrrelsen skyldes i hoj gradjapanske behov, srerlig med hensyn til skibsfragt afjernmalm.
The rapid expansion of trade volume, average distance and of ship size has largely been due to Japanese requirements, particularly as regards the shipment of iron ore.
I lsbet af de sidste ti är har der vreret entendens til at transportere handelsvarer i fuldeskibsladninger, säsom biler, bulk-papir, tr & stammer, stälror (ikke traditionelle bulkladninger), somtidligere blev fragtet som linjeskibslast,og dennetendens er blevet stadig tydeligere.
Over the last decade a move towards carrying commodities in füll ship loads such as cars, bulk paper, logs, tubular steel (neo-bulk commodities) which were traditionally shipped as liner cargo has gained in importance.
Hvad angär transporten af olie, er nogleolieproducerende lande ogsä begyndt at forarbejdederes räolie til forarbejdede olieprodukter, mendenne udvikling har endnu ikke haft nogen srerligvirkning pä sotransporten.
As to the transport of oil, some oil-producing countries are also beginnning to process their crude into higher value products but this development has not yet had a significant impact on seaborne transport. port.
Som det er päpeget, er bulk-shipping, srerligoliebulk-shipping, et af de markeder,der har lidtstorst nedgang i den seneste gkonomiske afmat-ningsperiode. Dette har stadig ikke stabiliseret sig,og den manglende balance mellem udbud og eftersporgselforventes at fortsrette endnu en rakkeär, selv om verdens sohandel (i ton) begynder atvokse igen med omkring 4% om äret og nresten ernäet op pä 4$% p.a. i den relativt gode perioder97 t-1979t).
The basic issues relating to bulk shipping — other than that of open registries, which is largely a bulk shipping issue — have been dealt with under the questions affecting all forms of shipping in paras 14-48 (see in particular paras 25, 26 and 29).
Den gkonomiske struktur i de industrier, derer involvereti forarbejdningeller handel med tgrlast og olie eller olieprodukter, er af en sädan art,at de ofte er organiseret i vertikalt integreredekoncerner, som ogsä tager sig af transport af torlast.Derfor er bulk-farter,hvis man sammenligner medden mäde, hvorpä linjefarterneer organiseret, karakteristiske ved storre omfang af transport for egenregning.
The economics of the industries involved in processing or trading dry bulk and oil or oil products are such that they are often organized in vertically integrated concerns including the transportation of bulk commodities. Therefore, as com-