natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
EF's økonomier var fortsat i stort omfang belastede af ikke at bestå afét, men af mange forskellige nationale markeder.
The European Community economies remained impeded — to a large degree — by having not one but many different national markets.
Forklaringen på, at mange statslige, fiskale og endog fysiske barrierer for samhandelen bevaredes og endog øgedes var naturligvis et betydeligt politisk og socialt pres i medlemsstaterne.
Of course the persistence and even the growth of a variety of governmental, fiscal and even physical barriers to trade in many cases can be explained by important national political and social pressures.
I mange tilfælde var det et helt forståeligt ønske om at beskytte beskæftigelsen eller visse er hvervsgrene, hvis fortsatte beståen var vigtig enten af nationale strategiske grunde eller fordi beskæftigelsen og velstanden i visse regioner og samfund i høj grad afhang af dem.
In many instances it was the understandable desire to protect jobs or industries whose continued existence was important either for national strategic reasons or because the jobs and pro sperity of certain regions and communities crucially depended on them.
Men prisen for den handelsmæssige balkanisering var, at europæisk industri forsømte en lejlighed til at vokse og udvikle sig, således at den kunne tage de teknologiske og handelsmæssige udfordringer på verdensmarkedet op.
But at the same time, commercial Balkanization exacted a high cost in the lost opportunity of European industry to grow and develop in ways that could match the technological and commercial challenge of world competition.
Mangelen på et indre marked har i betydelig grad bidraget til den ukonkurrencedygtige omkostningsstruktur i mange europæiske virksomheder, der må konkurrere på verdensmarkederne.
The lack of an internal market has contributed significantly to the uncompetitive cost structure of many European firms who have to compete in world markets.
Alle de problemer, som europæisk industri havde, skyldtes imidlertid ikke, at det indre marked ikke var realiseret.
It was never the case, however, that all the problems of European industry could be blamed on the lack of a single market.
Andre faktorer som f.eks. det urimelige kortsyn, der anlagdes ved vurderingen af risici, fortjeneste og innovation, spillede ligeledes en betydelig rolle og bremsede investeringerne i den teknologiske udvikling inden for forskellige sektorer af europæisk industri.
Other factors such as the tendency of European finance capital to take an unduly short-term view of risk, profit and innovation have played an important part in holding back investment in the technological development of sections of European industry.
Kommissionen med Jacques Delors som formand, der indledte sin embedsperiode i januar 1985, besluttede sig til som sit væsentligste politiske mål at fjerne de fysiske, finansielle, politi ske, tekniske og andre hindringer, der var skyld i den fortsatte økonomiske opdeling af Fælles skabet.
The Commission, under the Presidency of Jacques Delors, which took office in January 1985 made the task of removing the physical, financial, political, technical and other barriers which enshrined the continued economic fragmentation of the Community its overriding political goal.
Målet er at indføre et stort enhedsmarked bestående af mere end 320 millioner mennesker med fri bevægelighed for kapital, personer, tjenesteydelser og varer.
The objective is to create a genuine single market of more than 320 million people, without barriers to trade or the free movement of capital, persons, services and trade.
Men som vi skal se, rækker betydningen af denne historiske opgave langt ud over det rent handelsmæssige og økonomiske. nomiske.
But, as we shall see, the significance of this historic exercise goes far beyond the purely commercial and economic levels.
Det blev meget tidligt klart, at meningsfyldte fremskridt imod et virkeligt indre marked kun var mulige, såfremt Fællesskabets beslutningsproces i institutionerne blev ændret.
It soon became apparent that meaningful progress towards a genuine internal market would only be possible as a result of a reform of the Community's decision-making institutions.
Delors-Kommissionen forelagde derfor Den Europæiske Fælles Akt, der er en række ændringer til Rom-Traktaten, Fællesskabets forfatning, bla. for at muliggøre en hurtigere beslutningstagning.
The Delors Commission proposed the Single European Act, a series of amendments to the Treaty of Rome, the founding document of which enshrines the Constitution of the Community, to permit, among other things, more rapid decision-making.
Ændringsforslagene fik tilslutning efter lange forhandlinger blandt medlemsstaterne på Det Europæiske Råds møde i Luxembourg i december 1985.
The amendments were agreed after protracted negotiations by the Member States at the European Council held in Luxembourg in December 1985.
Den danske regering stillede visse betingelser for sin tilslutning, og den irske Højesteret tilkendegav, at Fællesakten havde forfatningsmæssige virninger.
At the time the Danish Government made its agreement conditional; subsequently the Irish Supreme Court ruled that the SEA had
soner, tjenesteydelser og kapital i overensstemmelse med bestemmelserne i Fællesakten.
However, these problems were resolved when in two referendums the Single European Act was approved by Danish and Irish voters.
Foranstaltninger, der vedrører det indre markeds oprettelse og funktion, skal generelt besluttes med kvalificeret flertal i Rådet og ikke længere med enstemmighed.
Measures having 'as their ob ject the establishment and operation of the internal market' were in general to be decided by a qualified majority in the Council instead of unanimously, as was previously the case.
Der gælder dog undtagelser for det skatte- og afgiftsmæssige område, herunder foranstaltninger om harmonisering af indirekte beskatning og foranstaltninger vedrørende personers frie bevægelighed.
Exceptions were to be made, however, for fiscal provisions including measures harmonizing in direct taxes and measures relating to the free movement of persons.
Foranstaltninger til beskyttelse af sundheden, sikkerheden og miljøet og forbrugerbeskyttelsesforanstaltninger skal baseres på et højt beskyttelsesniveau (af hensyn til lande som Danmark og Vesttyskland, således at deres strengere miljø- og sikkerhedsnormer ikke undermineres af, at andre vedtager mindre omfattende bestemmelser).
Measures affecting health, safety, environmental protection and consumer protection were to be based on a high level of protection (in deference to countries such as Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany so that their more stringent environment and safety standards would not be undermined by weaker provisions adopted by others).
Enstemmighedsreglen består fortsat for foranstaltninger, der udgør et tilbageskridt for liberaliseringen af kapitalbevægelserne og ligeledes for spørgsmål om EF-medlemsstaternes gensidige anerkendelse af erhvervskvalifikationer.
The unanimity rule would remain for measures constituting a step back with regard to liberalization of capital movements, and also for matters relating to Community wide recognition of professional qualifications.
Efter britisk og irsk ønske måtte ingen foranstaltninger til oprettelse af det indre marked begrænse medlemsstaternes ret til at opretholde grænsekontrollen for immigrationen fra tredje lande og til bekæmpelse af terrorisme, kriminalitet og narkotikahandel.
At UK and Irish insistence no steps to establish the internal market were to affect the right of Member States to maintain border controls on immigration from third countries and to combat terrorism, crime and the traffic in drugs.
Den franske regering ønskede ikke at tillade flertalsbeslutninger om spørgsmål vedrørende liberalisering af luft- og søtransporten.
The French Government was reportedly unwilling to allow decisions by majority vote on matters concerning the liberalization of air and sea transport.
Grækenland fremsatte også en erklæring om, at oprettelsen af det indre marked skal foregå således, at følsomme sektorer i medlemsstaternes økonomier ikke rammes.
A statement was also made by Greece that steps towards the establishment of the internal market have to 'take place in such a way as not to harm sensitive sectors of Member State economies.'
På topmødet i Luxembourg enedes man om, at EF-Kommissionen skulle fremlægge interimsrapporter om fremskridtene i retning af det indre markeds virkeliggørelse inden 31. december 1988 og 31. december 1990.1 rapporten fra 1988 afsløredes det, at kun lidt under 50% af den planlagte lovgivning var blevet vedtaget ved årets udgang.
At the Luxembourg Summit meeting it was agreed that the European Commission would give an interim report on progress towards making the internal market a reality before 31 December 1988 and 31 December 1990. The 1988 report revealed that a little under 50% of the planned legislation had been agreed by the end of that year.
En yderligere rapport om områder, hvor harmonisering stadig er påkrævet, skal udarbejdes i 1992.
A further report on areas still requiring harmonization is to be drawn up in 1992.
Følgende artikel blev indsat i Den Europæiske Fælles Akt: »Med hen blik på at sikre den konvergens i den økonomiske og monetære politik, der er nødvendig for den videre udvikling af Fællesskabet, samarbejder medlemsstaterne....
An article was added to the SEA stating that 'in order to ensure the convergence of economic and monetary policy which is necessary for the further development of the Community, Member States... shall take into account the experience acquired in cooperation in the framework of the European Monetary System (EMS) and in developing the European currency unit (ecu), and shall respect existing powers in this field'.
De tager herunder hensyn til erfaringerne fra samarbejdet inden for rammerne af Det Europæiske Monetære System og udviklingen af ecuen under iagttagelse af de gældende beføjelser.« Desuden henvises der i Traktaten til en tidligere erklæring fra Det Europæiske Råd (Paris 1972, Bremen 1978 og Bruxelles 1979), hvor EMS'en blev oprettet og målet, en europæisk og monetær union, godkendt.
Moreover, the Treaty referred to a previous declaration of the European Council approving the objective of economic and monetary union going back to summits held in Paris in 1972, Bremen in 1978 and Brussels in 1979 setting up the EMS.
Der blev opnået enighed om at indføre en procedure for samarbejde med Europa-Parlamentet.
The institution of a procedure for cooperation with the European Parliament was agreed.
Kræves der i forbindelse med vedtagelse af en afgørelse samarbejde med Europa-Parlamentet, skal den fælles holdning, der fastlægges ved kvalificeret flertal i Rådet ef ter forslag fra Kommissionen og udtalelse fra Europa-Parlamentet, sendes tilbage til Parlamentet.
For a decision whose adoption required the cooperation of the Parliament, a common position reached by qualified majority of the Council, based on a Commission proposal and an opinion of the European Parliament, has then to be sent back to the Parliament.
Hvis Parlamentet inden 3 måneder har godkendt Rådets beslutning eller ikke har truffet afgørelse, vedtages forskriften.
If within three months the Parliament has approved the Council's decision or has failed to take a decision the act would be adopted.
Inden for den periode kan Parlamentet med absolut flertal blandt sine medlemmer enten foreslå ændringer til Rådets fælles holdning eller afvise den.
Within that period the Parliament could by an absolute majority of its constituent members either propose amendments to the Council's common position or reject it outright.
Afvises en beslutning af Parlamentet, må Rådet træffe beslutning med enstemmighed under anden behandling.
If a decision is rejected by the Parliament, the Council has to act unanimously on a second reading.
Parlamentets ændringsforslag skal genbehandles af Kommissionen inden en måned, hvorefter Rådet inden 3 måneder enten skal godkende Kommissionens genbehandlede forslag med kvalificeret flertal eller ændre det ved enstemmig beslutning.
Amendments proposed by the Parliament have to be re-examined by the Commission within one month, after which the Council has within three months either to accept the Commission's revised proposal by a qualified majority or to amend it by a unanimous decision.
Hvad der sker, hvis Parlamentet afviser Rådets fælles holdning under sin andenbehandling, eller hvis Rådet ikke træffer beslutning inden 3 måneder vedrørende et genbehandlet forslag fra Kommissionen, skal drøftes mellem de tre institutioner, men Rådet har »det sidste ord«.
The position which would arise if the Parliament rejected the Council's common position at its second reading or if the Council failed to act within three months on a revised Commission pro posal was left for further discussion between the three institutions but with the Council having the last say.
Dette skete i 1988, da Europa-Parlamentet afviste Kommissionens forslag om sundheds- og sikkerhedsbestemmelser for medarbejdere, der håndterer benzen.
This happened in 1988 when the European Parliament rejected a Commission pro posal dealing with the health and safety of workers handling benzene.
Kommissionens beføjelser.
Powers of the Commission.
Der blev ligeledes truffet afgørelse om øgede og omdefinerede gen nemførelsesbeføjelser til Kommissionen.
Certain increased and freshly defined powers for the Commission to implement agreed policy were also laid down.
Fællesakten tager også sigte på »at styrke det videnskabelige og teknologiske grundlag for den europæiske industri og fremme udviklingen af dens internationale konkurrenceevne«.
The SEA also aims to strengthen the scientific and technological base of European industry and to encourage it to become more competitive at international level.
Fællesskabet skal for at gennemføre disse mål i samarbejde med medlemsstater ne (i) iværksætte programmer for forskning, teknologisk udvikling og demonstration gennem fremme af samarbejdet med virksomheder, forskningscentre og universiteter, (ii) fremme samarbejdet med tredjelande og internationale organisationer, (iii) fremme udbredelse og udnyttelse af resultaterne af Fællesskabets aktiviteter og (iv) fremme uddannelse og mobilitet for forskere i Fællesskabet.
In pursuing these objectives in coordination with the activities in this field of Member States, the EC was (i) to implement research, demonstration and technological programmes by promoting cooperation with undertakings, research centres and universities; (ii) to promote cooperation with third countries and international organizations; (iii) to disseminate and optimize the use of the results of Community activities; and (iv) to stimulate the training and mobility of researchers in the Community.
Rådet skal med enstemmighed vedtage et flerårigt rammeprogram og træffe beslutning om, hvilke organer der skal gennemføre EF-forsknings- og udviklingsprogrammerne. Detailbeslutninger træffes dog med kvalificeret flertal.
A multiannual framework programme and any bodies to execute EC research and development programmes were to be adopted unanimously by the Council but with detailed decisions being taken by a qualified majority.
Målene i Fællesakten er følgende (i) »at bevare, beskytte og forbedre kvaliteten af miljøet, (ii) at bidrage til beskyttelse af menneskets sundhed, og (iii) at sikre, at naturens ressourcer ud nyttes forsigtigt og fornuftigt«.
Objectives set out in the SEA included (i) to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment; (ii) to contribute towards protecting human health; and (iii) to
Medlemsstaterne blev enige om at underrette og konsultere hinanden om politiske spørgsmål af generel interesse, således at de kan gøre deres samlede indflydelse gældende så ef fektivt som muligt.
Member States are enjoined to pay particular attention to encouraging im provements in the working environment, as regards the health and safety of workers, the objective being the harmonization of conditions in this area, while maintaining the improvements.
Regeringerne forventes at iværksætte en fælles politik på grundlag af fælles principper og mål og at indtage fælles holdninger i internationale institutioner og under konferencer.
Political cooperation. A provisional text was agreed which largely codified existing practice regarding foreign policy cooperation — the political cooperation process.
Der skal i øget omfang foregå en politisk dialog med tredjelande og regionale sammenslutninger og etableres indbyrdes forbindelse mellem medlemsstaternes udenlandske ambassader.
Member States agreed to inform and consult each other on any policy matters of general interest so as to ensure that their combined influence is exercised as effectively as possible.
Som udtryk for en udvikling med store virkninger i fremtiden fastsættes det i Fællesakten, at et snævrere samarbejde i spørgsmål om den europæiske sikkerhed vil kunne yde et væsentligt bidrag til udviklingen af Europas identitet i udenrigspolitiske spørgsmål. Dette betyder på ingen måde, at NATO eller Den Vesteuropæiske Union, som de fleste, men ikke alle medlemsstater tilhører, vil komme til at spille en mindre betydningsfuld rolle.
Governments are expected to turn common principles and objectives into common policies and to adopt common positions in international institutions and conferences. Political dialogue with third countries and regional groupings and liaison between foreign embassies of Member States was to be stepped up.
Europa-Parlamentet skal knyttes tættere til drøftelserne om udenrigs- og sikkerhedspolitik, og et sekretariat til at koordinere ar bejdet vedrørende det politiske samarbejde er blevet oprettet i Bruxelles ')·
The European Parliament is to be more closely associated with discussion of foreign and security policy and a secretariat to coordinate work on political cooperation has been established in Brussels. '
Der skal siges nogle få ord om afstemningssystemet i Ministerrådet.
A word should be said about the voting system in the Council of Ministers.
Hver medlemsstat er tildelt et antal stemmer svarende til dens størrelse, dvs. for de nuværende 12 medlemsstater i alt 76.
Each Member State is allotted a number of votes in accordance with its size which, for the present 12 Member States totals 76.
Kvalificeret flertal for en beslutning nås med mindst 54 stemmer.
A qualified majority is a decision which attracts a minimum of 54 votes.
Følgende antal stemmer er tildelt de enkelte medlemsstater: Belgien (5), Danmark (3), Frankrig (10), Grækenland (5), Irland (3), Italien (10), Luxembourg (2), Nederlandene (5), Portugal (5), Spanien (8), Storbritannien (10) og Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland (10)2).
The votes allotted to each Member State were as follows: Belgium (5), Denmark (3), France (10), Greece (5), Ireland (3), Italy (10), Luxembourg (2), the Netherlands (5), Portugal (5), Spain (8), the United Kingdom (10) and the FR of Germany (10).2
Det ville være urigtigt at påstå, at der ikke er sektorer i EF, der ikke allerede er stærkt konkurrencedygtige, men de forhold, der skitseres i den for EF-Kommissionen udarbejdede Cecchini-Rap-port om omkostningerne hvis Europa ikke realiseres, er ikke seriøst blevet imødegået.
It would be wrong to suggest that there are no sectors of the European Community economies which are not already highly competitive.
') Spørgsmål rejst i forbindelse med Det Europæiske Politiske Samarbejde, især om sikkerhedspolitikken, behandles senere.
1The questions raised by European political cooperation, particularly in the field of security policy, are examined later.
2) Et lignende forholdstalsystem anvendes ved tildeling af overordnede stillinger i EF-institutionerne, herunder Kom missionen, blandt statsborgere i de tolv medlemsstater.
2 A similarly proportional system is used to allocate senior posts in the Community institutions, including the Commission, among nationals of the 12 Member States.
Desuden beregnedes det i rapporten, at markedsliberaliseringen gradvis ville genoprette den ge nerelle balance i de offentlige udgifter i EF med et gennemsnit på 2,2% af BNP og forbedre Fællesskabets handelsbalance over for tredjelande med ca. 1 % af BNP Beskæftigelsen ville blive direkte forbedret med skabelsen af yderligere 1,8 millioner nye jobs, hvorved den nuværende ledighed ville falde med ca. 1,5% procentpoints.
Moreover the report calculated that the process of market liberalization would improve the over balance of public finances in the EC by an average equivalent to 2.2% of GDP and would boost the external trade balance of the Community by about 1 % of GDP The direct boost to employment is translated in terms of an additional 1.8 million new jobs making it possible to reduce current levels of unemployment by about 1.5 percentage points.
Forudsigelserne stopper ikke her.
The predictions do not end there.
Kernen i de økonomiske argumenter for det indre marked er forventningen om, at forbedringen af produktionen, konkurrencedygtigheden og inflationen vil skabe plads til en mere aktiv økonomisk politik til forbedring af væksten. Dette skulle efter Cecchini-Rapporten nås ved en samordnet ekspansiv politiks strategi, hvorved EF-landene gen sidigt støtter hinanden.
At the heart of the economic case for the single market is the assumption that the improvements in output, competitiveness and inflation will create space for more vigorous government economic action to boost growth.
Det generelle resultat, konkluderes det i rapporten, ville blive, at Fællesskabets BNP ville stige med ca. 7% på mellemlang sigt, hvilket ville føre til skabelse af 5 millioner nye jobs uden stigning i inflationstakten. Endelig forventes markedsintegrationen sammen med den ekspansive økonomiske politik at ville føre til en budgetmæssig gevinst for medlemsstaternes regeringer på gennemsnitlig ca. 0,7% af BNP — nok, håber de, til at berolige selv de finansielt mest ortodokse af medlemsstaternes administrationer.
The overall result, the report concludes, could be to boost the Community's GDP by some 7% in the medium term and this could generate 5 million new jobs without any underlying growth in the rate of inflation.
Alt dette giver anledning til at tro, at de nationale afgiftsmæssige og andre hindringer ved grænserne er nøjagtigt så dyre, som fortalerne for markedsintegrationen tror.
All of this assumes that the national frontier, tax and other barriers to a single market are as costly as the proponents of market integration believe.
Men hvorledes står tingene til i Det Europæiske Fællesskab for øjeblikket?
But just what is the present state of affairs in the European Community?
Er integrationistemes argumenter ubestridelige og lige så solide, som de ser ud til?
Is the case of the integrationists unanswerable or even as solid as it looks?
Ved første øjekast forekommer det mærkeligt at fremhæve den fortsatte opsplitning af EF.
At first sight it may seem strange to emphasize the continued fragmentation of the European Community.
Europa — ja hele verden — er skrumpet ind og bliver mindre i takt med hver ny innovation inden for teknologi, kommunikation og masseturisme.
Europe — indeed the world — has shrunk and is made smaller with every new innovation in technology, communication and popular travel.
Gennemsnitseuropæeren rejser nu udenlands i et omfang, der ville have syntes umuligt for lidt mere end en generation siden.
The average European travels abroad now to an extent which would have seemed impossible little more than a generation ago.
Folk ved mere om, hvorledes deres naboer bor og arbejder og om, hvor meget de har til fælles.
People know more about how their neighbours live and work and about how much they have in common.
På hylderne i vore forretninger findes varer fra hele Europa, ja fra hele verden.
Of course, television has also played a significant
Nogle organiserer deres produktion på tværnationalt grundlag.
Some actually organize their production on a transnational basis.