natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I mellemtiden har ikrafttrædelsen af traktaten om Den Europæiske Union gjort det muligt for EU at fremskynde sit eget arbejde for at sikre den frie bevægelighed for personer.
In the meantime, the entry into force of the Treaty on European Union in November 1993 enabled the EU to accelerate its own work to consolidate the freedom of movement of per sons.
De nye bestemmelser om samarbejde om retlige og indre anliggender vil være med til at styrke personers frie bevægelighed ved at gøre forholdsregler på EU-plan og nationalt plan mere effektive i kampen mod ulovlig indvandring, terrorisme, narkotika smugling og andre former for internationale forbrydelser.
The new provisions for cooperation in justice and home affairs will help to underpin personal mobility by increasing the efficiency of action at national and EU level to stop illegal immigration and to improve the fight against terrorism, drug running and other forms of international crime.
Fortsat bevægelighed for varer
Keeping goods on the move
På samme måde skal handelsstatistikker, som før blev indsamlet ved grænserne af toldembeclsmænd, nu afleveres med jævne mellemrum af virksomhederne selv.
In the same way, trade statistics which were formerly collected at frontiers by customs officials must now be provided on the basis of regular returns directly by firms.
Den umiddelbare praktiske virkning af disse krav kan dog variere fra det ene EU-land til det andet.
However, the practical administrative impact on firms of these requirements can vary from one EU country to another.
Fjernelsen af hindringerne for den frie bevægelighed for varer var måske det mest bemærkelsesværdige resultat af det indre marked.
The removal of barriers to the free movement of goods was possibly the most dramatic achievement of the single market programme.
Det er samtidig det område, hvor resultaterne ser ud til at være mest truet.
It is also the area where achievements appear to be most at risk.
Mens virksomheder i hele Europa f.eks. erkender, at de har draget nytte af, at grænsekontrollen er afskaffet, er der nok nogle, der føler, at denne fordel til dels opvejes af det ekstra papirarbejde, de nu selv skal udføre.
For instance, while firms across Europe acknowledge that they have benefited from there moval of border controls, some may feel this advantage may be partly off set by the extra paperwork they now have to carry out themselves.
Det nuværende momssystem er en midlertidig kompromisordning.
The present VAT system is a compromise and an interim arrangement.
Selv om grænsekontrollen er afskaffet, skal der stadig betales moms af den pågældende vare i det land, den importeres til.
Although it does away with controls at frontiers, the system still requires VAT on a traded item to be paid in the country where it is imported.
Ifølge en undersøgelse blandt britiske virksomheder foretaget af den britiske arbejdsgiverforening CBI (Confederation of British Industries) gælder det navnlig momsopkrævning.
According to a survey of British firms carried out by the Confederation of British Industries (CBI), this is particularly true in the area of value-added tax (VAT) collection.
Varerne bevæger sig nu hurtigere, fordi man har besluttet at afskaffe kontrol med momsbetalinger ved grænseovergangene.
The movement of goods has been speeded up as a result of the decision to put an end to the system of checking on VAT payments on exported goods at frontier crossing points.
I stedet skal virksomhederne selv give deres nationale momsmyndigheder dokumentation herfor.
Companies themselves must instead submit documentation to their own national VAT authorities.
Dermed betaler importøren moms til sine lokale myndigheder og ikke til den virksomhed, der sælger ham varen (eksportøren), hvilket ville være den normale procedure i en struktur med et indre marked. EU-landenes regeringer valgte en midlertidig ordning for at få tid til at forberede den samlede tilpasning af momsbetalings- og opkrævningssystemet til det indre marked.
Thus, the importer pays VAT to his government rather than to the firm selling the goods to him (the exporter) which would be normal procedure within a single market structure.
Det endelige momssystem, hvor afgiften skal betales i produktionslandet og ikke i forbrugslandet, vil blive indført i 1997.
The definitive VAT system, where tax would be paid in the country of production of an item rather than its country of consumption, is clue to be introduced in 1997.
Virksomhederne indbetaler momsen én gang or måneden
Monthly payment of VAT by firms
Der skal som hidtil betales moms i varernes bestemmelsesland.
What has not changed: As a rule, VAT remains payable in the country for which goods are destined.
Selv om varernes frie bevægelighed nu er en realitet, har nogle eksport virksomheder (særlig små og mellemstore) haft problemer med at få produktstandarder godkendt af de nationale myndigheder i importlandene.
Although the free movement of goods is now a reality, some exporting firms (particularly SMEs) have encountered difficulties in having product stand ards accepted by the national authorities in importing countries.
De kan også blive udsat for forskelsbehandling, når de afgiver tilbud på offentlige eller private kontrakter i andre EU-lande.
They may also experience discrimination when bidding for government and other public contracts in EU countries other than their own.
Men der er sket ændringer på følgende punkter: Varerne kontrolleres ikke længere, når de krydser grænserne.
What has changed: Goods now cross borders without undergoing checks.
Med afskaffelsen af grænsekontrollen betales der heller ikke længere moms til toldmyndighederne i forbindelse med indførslen.
The removal of the borders means that VAT is no longer paid to customs at the time of importation.
Momsen inden for EU angives og betales under helt de samme betingelser som den nationale moms til afgiftsmyndighederne.
Intra-Community VAT is now declared and paid to the tax authorities in the same way as internal VAT.
Desuden skal virksomhederne en gang om måneden indsende en »liste over EF-salg«, der danner grundlag for udarbejdelsen af statistikker over udenrigshandelen og giver de nationale myndigheder mulighed for at føre kontrol med transaktionerne inden for EU.
Furthermore, every month firms have to submit to the customs a declaration of transactions in goods between Member States, which is used to draw up statistics on external trade and enable the national administrative bodies to survey intra-Community operations.
Kvalitetskontrollen i det indre marked foregår efter princippet om gensidig anerkendelse, hvor hver medlemsstat accepterer den kontrol, der er udfort i de andre medlemsstater.
In the single market quality controls are run on the basis of mutual recognition.
Dette system har stået sin prove og sikrer i øvrigt, at den nationale egenart, traditioner og sædvaner kan bevares.
Each Member State trusts the controls and certification of the others.
For forbrugeren betyder det, at udbuddet bliver storre.
And the system has been found to work.
Standarder er et særligt folsomt emne.
Standards are a particularly sensitive issue.
Der er behov for tekniske forskrifter for at sikre, at produkterne er sikre, og at de fungerer ordentligt. Disse forskrifter har imidlertid traditionelt været meget forskellige fra den ene medlemsstat til den anden.
Technical regulations are required to make sure that goods are safe and that they work properly.
Det, der begyndte som berettigede regler for produkt, sundheds- og sikkerhedsstandarder, var i nogle tilfælde blevet til protektionistiske våben.
What started out as legitimate rules setting product standards, safely norms, health and even security requirements had become in some instances instruments of trade protectionism.
Små lande, der fastsætter særlige nationale standarder for at beskytte deres egne virksomheder mod konkurrence udefra, har indset, at denne indstilling er kortsigtet.
Small countries which set special national standards to protect their own companies from outside competition have come to realize the shortsightedness of this approach.
Deres hjemmemarkeder bliver for små til, at virksomhederne kan overleve.
Their domestic markets turn out to be too small to enable home companies to survive.
De må derefter alligevel ændre deres produktspecifikationer, hvis de vil eksportere til deres større naboer. På denne måde virker nationale standarder ikke som en beskyttelse mod import, men snarere som en hindring for den lokale eksport.
These firms then have to change product specifications any way if they wish to export to their bigger neighbours.
Varer som biler og tv-apparater skulle ofte ændres på et utal af punkter for at opfylde de forskellige nationale krav.
Items such as cars and television sets had to be modified, sometimes in in numerable small ways, to meet differ ent national requirements.
Eksportørerne blev således straffet to gange.
As a result, exporters were penalized twice.
De skulle fremstille varer med forskellige specifikationer til hvert enkelt marked og kunne skyde en hvid pind efter de stordriftsfordele, der ville være ved at fremstille den samme model til alle markeder.
They had to produce modified products for each market, forgoing the scale economies involved in producing one model for all markets.
Derudover skulle de betale omkostningerne for
In addition, they had to pay extra costs to have their products type-approved by the authorities in each importing country.
deres produkter opfylder normerne gennem såkaldte fabrikanterklæringer.
Increasing use is also made of procedures whereby firms can attest to the conformity of their own goods via a system of self-certification.
Der foreligger imidlertid omfattende bevis for, at forskellig fortolkning af de nye regler på nationalt plan skaber betydelige vanskeligheder for virksomheder, der forventer at kunne udnytte den liberaliserede adgang til deres konkurrenters markeder.
However, there is considerable evidence that.differences in the way the new rules are being interpreted at national level is causing considerable difficulties for firms expecting to make use of liberalized access to their competitors' markets.
Servicesektoren er ved at komme med
Food legislation in the Union
Servicesektoren er med sin andel på 60% af alle jobs i EU den største arbejdsgiver i samtlige EU-lande.
The services sector is the biggest employer in all EU countries, account ing for 60% of jobs in the Union.
Den bidrager med 62% til EU's bruttonationalprodukt (BNP), sammenlignet med fremstillingsindustriens 35% og 3% fra landbruget.
It contributes 62% to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the EU, compared with 35% from manufacturing industry and 3% from agriculture.
Harmonisering af standarder blev anset for uundgåelig i to tilfælde:
Harmonization of standards was recognized as indispensable in at least two cases: very different ways over the decades.
Fodevarelovgivningerne i Unionens
The single market in insurance services came into being on 1 July 1994.
Når der var tale om forskelle i national lovgivning vedrørende væsentlige hensyn som folkesundheden, den tekniske sikkerhed eller forbrugerbeskyttelse.
Where there are differences in national legislation concerning essen tial requirements such as public health, technical security or consumer protection;
Når industrien skulle bruge harmoniserede regler og standardiserede produkter for at opnå stordriftsfordele på et bestemt produktmarked.
When harmonized rules and stand ardized products are necessary for industry to achieve economies of scale in a specific product market.
Det indre marked for forsikringstjenester blev en realitet den 1. juli 1994. Det tilsvarende direktiv om investeringsrådgivning trådte i kraft den 1. januar 1996.
national and regional customs and traditions to regulate the rest.
22 medlemsstater har altid været meget forskellige.
The consumer should be the prime beneficiary.
I foråret 1994 blev der vedtaget et EU-direktiv, der garanterer opsparere og investorer et mindstemål af beskyttelse i forbindelse med internationale konkurser, som f.eks. den dramatiske konkurs i BCCI (Bank for Credit and Commerce International), hvor tusindvis af europæiske småsparere mistede penge.
In spring 1994, an EU directive was adopted to guarantee savers and in vestors a minimum level of protection in cases of international bankruptcies like the spectacular case of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) where thousands of small savers in Europe lost money.
I sådanne tilfælde vil de modtage en garanteret erstatning på optil 20 000 ECU.
In such cases they will receive a guaranteed indemnity of up to ECU 20 000.
For at undgå at der blev lavet unødigt mange regler, indførte man en ny metode til harmonisering.
But to avoid over-regulation, a new approach to harmonization was de vised.
På grundlag af EU­lovgivningen kan virksomheder, der driver bankvirksomhed og tilbyder finan­sielle tjenesteydelser, benytte sig af et enkelt EU­pas (eller driftslicens), der er udstedt af de lovgivende myndig­heder i deres hjemland.
On the basis of EU legislation, firms offering banking and financial services are able to do so via the single passport (or operating licence) issued by the regulatory authority in their home country.
Hermed slipper de for at skulle oprette juridisk særskilte datterselskaber på grundlag af forskellig national lovgivning i hvert EU­land, hvor de ønsker at drive virksomhed.
This removes the need for them to set up a legally separate subsidiary in each EU country, on the basis of different national legislations, in which they wish to operate.
Inden for telekommunikation er der for alvor kommet skub i liberali­seringen.
In the area of telecommunications services, liberalization is forging ahead.
EU har længe anerkendt vigtigheden af at forenkle reglerne og styrke konkurrenceevnen i tele­kommunikationssektoren både af hensyn til selve sektoren og dens funktion som del i en moderne økonomis grundlæggende infrastruk­tur.
The EU has long recognized the importance of a deregulated and competitive telecommunications sector both in its own right and as part of the essential infrastructure of a modern economy.
Gode og effektive teletjenester er vigtige redskaber for mange af økonomiens sektorer fra banker og produktion til transport.
High-quality and efficient telecommunications services are essential working tools for many other sectors of the economy from banking and manufacturing to transport.
Det er for tidligt at vurdere virkningen af liberaliseringen af forsikringsmarkedet.
It is too early to assess the impact of the opening-up of the market in insurance services.
Nogle virksom­heder siger, at de kun kan mærke meget små forskelle.
Some firms say they notice little difference.
En britisk virksomhed udtalte dog i forbindelse med en undersøgelse, at den havde flyttet sine forsikringer til Frankrig, hvor to selskaber havde tilbudt lavere præmier end det hidtidige britiske forsikringsselskab.
In one survey, however, a British company said it switched its insurance business to France where two groups had offered lower rates than its previous British insurer.
Bilejere kan frit tegne forsikring hos et forsikringsselskab i en anden medlemsstat i Unionen, hvis de vurderer vilkårene til at være gunstigere dér.
Motorists can take out car insurance with firms in other Member States if better terms are available there.
Kan man åbne en bankkonto eller optage lån i udlandet?
Can you open a bank account or borrow money in another country?
Siden den 1. januar 1993 har alle unionsborgere haft ret til frit at foretage kapitaltransaktioner inden for Unionen.
Since 1 January 1993, anyone living in the European Union has been entitled to carry out unrestricted capital operations within the Union.
Medlemsstaterne kan af administrative eller statistiske hensyn indføre procedurer for anmeldelse af kapitalbevægelser og træffe forholdsregler for at forhindre overtrædelse af deres love og bestemmelser.
For administrative or statistical purposes, the Member States are allowed to impose procedures for the declaration of capital movements and to take such measures as may be required to prevent their laws and regulations from being broken.
Sådanne forholdsregler må imidlertid under ingen omstændigheder være til hinder for kapitalbevægelserne.
But the means used may in no circumstances serve to prevent movements of capital.
Eksempel: En medlemsstat kan ikke pålægge en unionsborger, der mistænkes for at benytte en konto i udlandet før at undgå at betale indkomstskat af oppebårne renter, at lukke kontoen og genindføre kapitalen i medlemsstaten.
Example: a Member State may not oblige a citizen suspected of using a foreign account to avoid paying tax on interest, to close that account and repatriate the capital.
Medlemsstaten kan allerhøjest afkræve borgeren de nødvendige oplysninger om, hvilket beløb i renter der er tilskrevet hans konto i udlandet.
All it can do is require the citizen to declare the interest credited to the account.
Den fjerde frihed
The fourth freedom
Selv om nogle EU-lande i begyndelsen havde problemer med at omsætte direktiverne om liberalisering af visse telekommunikationstjenester til national lov, er der andre steder kommet mere gang i regelsaneringen.
Although several Member States encountered early problems in transposing directives liberalizing some telecommunications services, the pace of deregulation elsewhere is speeding up.
Konkurrencen på området for almindelig taletelefoni (der stadig udgør over 80% af hele telekommunikationssektoren) skulle blive givet fri i januar 1998, og liberaliseringen af infrastrukturen for nettene skulle finde sted samtidig.
Competition among telecommunications operators for basic voice telephony (which still accounts for more than 80% of the entire telecommunications sector) is now set for January 1998 with liberalization of the network infrastructure scheduled to take place at the same time.
Kapitalens frie bevægelighed var den første af det indre markeds fire grundlæggende friheder, der blev gennemført.
The freedom of movement of capital was the first of the four fundamental freedoms of the single market to be realized.
Det første direktiv, der fjernede alle former for kapitalkontrol blev vedtaget i 1988.
The basic directive removing all capital controls was adopted in 1988.
Det er blevet fulgt af en række direktiver, der har liberaliseret bankvæsen og finansielle tjenesteydelser.
This has been followed by a series of directives liberalizing bank ing and financial services.
Der mangler endnu et vigtigt element, nemlig et direktiv om, hvordan opsparing skal beskattes, som er blokeret på grund af uenighed mellem medlemsstaterne.
One essential element which remains to be put in place is a directive on how savings should be taxed, which remains blocked because of differences between Member States.
Transportsektoren er lige som telekommunikationssektoren af af gørende betydning for EU's økonomi. Den tegner sig for mere end 7% af EU's BNP.
Like telecommunications, transport is a vital sector of the EU economy, representing more than 7% of gross domestic product (GDP).
Transporten bliver også gradvis liberaliseret, selv om man ikke helt kunne overholde fristen pr. 1. januar 1993.
Transport services are also being progressively liberalized even if the January 1993 deadline was not fully respected.
På denne dato fjerne de man imidlertid endelig alle de kvoter, andre EU-landes myndigheder havde fastsat for transportfirmaer.
On that date quota restrictions on hauliers imposed by other EU governments were finally lifted.
Derimod blev en forordning om at tillade speditionsfirmaer at afgive tilbud på lastbiltransport i andre EU-lande først vedtaget i oktober 1993. Dermed er vejtransporten nået op på samme liberaliseringsgrad som luftog skibsfarten.
But a regulation enabling road transport companies to bid for domestic business in other EU countries was only adopted in October 1993.
Det strategiske program: optimering af det indre marked
The strategic programme: Making the most of the internal market
Kommissionen, som har til opgave at fuldende, forvalte og udvikle det indre marked, offentliggjorde i december 1993 sit strategiske program.
Faced with the task of completing, managing and developing the single market programme, the European Commission published its strategic programme in December 1993.
Det indeholder en oversigt over de vigtigste målsætninger for de kommende år og en målestok for opfyldelsen af målsætningerne.
This is a guide to the main priorities of the single market for the coming years and a means of measuring its progress towards meeting its objectives.
Kommissionen siger selv: »Etablering af et ægte indre marked er dog ikke blot et spørgsmål om at vedtage lovgivning på fællesskabsniveau inden for en bestemt frist.
Consumer policy protects the interests of consumers and empowers them to make sure the single market works in ways which permit them to draw a maximum benefit from the removal of obstacles to free trade and free move ment!
Det er en kontinuerlig proces, der går ud på at sikre, at den fælles lovgivnings­ramme anvendes, forstås, håndhæves og om nødvendigt videreudvikles på en sammenhængende måde for at opfylde nye behov.
SME policy should be geared to making sure that these firms can take advantage of the opportunities and respond to the challenges presented by the single market.
Politikken for små og mellemstore virksomheder skal give dem mulighed for at udnytte det indre marked og tage dets udfordringer op.
It stresses the important contribution to ensuring the effective operation of the single market made by competition policy, consumer policy and policy in favour of SMEs.
Det indre marked giver besparelser
Savings thanks to the single market
Det strategiske program trækker blandt andet vigtige paralleller mellem det indre marked og Unionens politik på andre områder.
The disappearance of the European Union's internal frontiers has resulted in administrative savings to Dutch firms amounting to HFL 538 million a year.
Det understreger, at konkurrence­politikken, forbrugerpolitikken og politikken for små og mellemstore virksomheder yder et vigtigt bidrag til at sikre det indre markeds effektivitet.
The only new expenditure firms are having to meet— HFL 105 million — relates to the adaptation of administrative procedures, the management of statistics and the training of employees in the new administrative procedures.
Konkurrencepolitikken skal sikre, at det indre markeds fire friheder ikke undergraves af statsstøtte til virksomheder, konkurrence­
Competition policy must make sure that the four freedoms established by the single market are not eroded by State subsidies to companies, anticompetitive agreements and mergers or the abuse of dominant positions by large enterprises.
Tallene stammer fra det nederlandske økonomiministeriums undersøgelser.
It also has a role to play in opening the single market to areas not covered by the original 1985 liberalization programme.
Det er ¡sær afskaffelsen af tolddokumenterne, der har lettet virksomhedernes arbejde.
These figures are taken from surveys conducted by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs.
begrænsende aftaler og fusioner eller, at store virksomheder mis­bruger deres dominerende stilling på markedet.
This reduction in costs is mainly attributable to the abolition of customs forms.
Fuldendelse af det indre marked
Completing the single market
1 dag må producenter og distributører kun sende produkter på det europæiske marked, hvis sikkerhed de kan stå inde for.
Nowadays, producers and distributors are only permitted to market products which they guarantee as safe.
Det gælder både for dagligvarer og for specielle produkter såsom farlige stoffer.
This applies not only to mass-produced goods but also to specific products, such as dangerous substances.
Nogle meget minutiøse mærkningsregler skal sikre oplysning om, hvilken type fare der er tale om, og hvilke sikkerhedsregler der bør følges.
Very precise rules require product labels to state the nature of the risk and provide guidance on handling.