natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det,der bekymrer Frellesskabets redere, er dels, atstatshandelslandenes skibsfart har en tendens til at operere under et af EF-landenesflag. flag.
6Sources: EUROSTAT, Monthly External Trade Bulletin, Special number 1958-82, pp. 2 and 3, Luxembourg, May 1983.
När denne potentielt ikke-kommercielle konkurrence sä er kombineret med en kraftig nedgang(eller i heldigste faldstagnation) i de forhändenvrerendefragter samt srelgeud af deres skibe til koberei tredjelande, ogdet ofte til meget lave priser.
Some 95% of the tonnage of Community trade with non-Member States and some 30% of intra-Community traffic is carried by sea.7This latter figure has obviously shown a major increase since the accession of United Kingdom, Ireland and Greece, which have no common land frontiers with other Member States.
Dette er et af de med de andre ovenfor skildrede faktorer, skaberden helt konkrete problemer for Fallesskabetsskibsredere.
As stated above, ships flying the flags of Member States carry something over 40% of this tonnage.
Den skonomiske afmatning afverdenshandelen har altsä f6rt til, at der nu er etmarkant overskud af kapacitet inden for skibsbygningsindustrien pä verdensplan. Folgelig er det blive en trussel mod Frellesskabets linjetrafik(punkt 64-70).
The balance is accounted for partly by the ships of our trading partners, partly by such cross-traders as the Norwegians and partly by open registry shipping, which in 1983 was 23% beneficially owned by Community shipowners (Ta­ble 6).
Dette har naturligvis hjulpetmed til, at Fallesskabets skibsredere har kunnet pägreldende fragter.
This complexity in the Community shipping interest is an important element for the determina­tion of Community shipping policy.
moderniserederes fläder; men det har i endnuhojere grad lettet nye investorers adgang til markedet, sävelfolk fra Frellesskabet som udefra kom- mende,og har dermed generelt varet til skade forde etablerede EF-redere.
' Although these shares are based on 1980 EEC and UN statistics, they have been fairly stable over time and similar shares can be assumed for 1982 as well.
, vedroreralle former for skibsfart
So, too, does the activity of other governmentally-financed shipping companies.
Retningslinjer har tillige med uddybningen af Suez-kanalen ibetydelig grad forkortet afstandene til de vigtigsteforbrugeromräder i Europa, De forenede Stater og Japan.
one of the major characteristics which distinguish shipping from manufacturing industry — its capital assets are mobile and if no longer required in one part of the world can be moved or sold to another.
Desuden har de mange energibesparendeforanstaltninger radikalt rendret hele forbrugsmons-tret pä energiomradet.Alle disse faktorer harmedfort, at et stort antal olietankere, isar ULCC'sog WCC's, er blevet overflodige.Endvidere harder vreret en kraftig stigning i de stgrre transporterad sovejen uden for Europa, säsom australsk kul ogjernmalm til Japan samt USA's korneksport, ogdisse har virket stimulerende for skibsfarten udenfor Frellesskabet og har ffiet denne til at vokserelativt hurtigere.
In the short term, this had enabled Community shipping companies to survive; but in the long term the movement of tonnage to competing flags clearly creates problems for them and has brought about an intensification of competition and thus contributed to the decline in the Community fleet.
o Der er andre udviklingstendenser,der härmedfort rendringer af ejerforholdeneog flädenssammens & tning, bl.a.:
The recession in world trade has also, and possibly more significantly, resulted in a vast surplus of capacity in the world's shipbuilding industries.
- omfattendeovertagelser, overtagelser,
These influences, taken together, resulted in the redundancy of a large number of oil tankers, particularly ULCCs and VLCCs.
- en differentieringaf skibsejernes aktiviteter, sädisse ogsä omfatter tiltag uden for selveskibsfartsomrädet (f.eks. bankvirksomhed, fritidsaktiviteter,byggevirksomhed),
• Other developments have changed the owner ship structure and fleet composition, including the following: major takeovers; diversification by shipowners into non-maritime activities (e.g. banking, leisure activities, construction); a significant increase in the influence of financial companies and merchant bankers as beneficial owners.
- finansieringsselskabers og forretningsbankersstrerkt stigende indflydelse i rollen som anparthavere.
When combined with a drop in (or at best no increase in) the cargo available and the other factors outlined above, this potentially uncommercial competition creates real problems for Community shipowners.
Disse foranstaltninger var baseret pä de skibsfartsdrivende medlemsstaters falles onske om en multilateral og markeds'baseret tilrettelreggelse af skibsfarten i verden,hvilket er en forpligtelse, som disse lande ogsä haraccepteret i forbindelse med OECD's kode forliberalisering af lobendeusynlige transaktioner.
Since about 1980 world trade has been stagnant and even declining whereas the size of the world fleet has until recently kept expanding, thus adding to the overcapacity of the market. Even if world trade resumes its growth, as is expected, and scrapping continues at its present pace, it is estimated that the supply/demand imbalance is likely to persist for a number of years.
Dertil kommer sä ogsä visse kortsigtedefaktorer som folge af den okonomiske afmatning af den internationalehandel. Medens det med foje
While it can reason ably be expected that with a revival in international trade demand for seaborne transportation will also pick up and thus contribute to an improved supply/demand balance in shipping, the underlying long-term trends within Community shipping are likely to persist.
kan forventes,at eftersporgslen efter transport adsovejen - i kolvandet af den forventedevrekst vrekst s.s/85 s/85 l3
General guidelines the profitability of shipping operations, if only because, in many cases, the shipping companies have diversified into non-shipping activities.
Det er vigtigt, at denne koncentrationikke blot finder sted i nationalt regie,men at den,afhrengigt af de kommercielle interesser, der erinvolveret, kommer til at foregä pä et brederefrellesskabs grundlag.
As set out above, the decline in the tonnage of Community fleets relative to world tonnage not only represents a reaction to the recession in world trade and to advancing technology but to some extent it represents a loss of comparative advantage.
Hvis sidstnrevnte faktormedforte en alvorlig tilbagegang for Frellesskabetsfläde eller bevirkede,at den simpelthen forsvandt,ville Frellesskabetstä over for et valg mellem atopretholde en fläde - for skatteborgernes ellerbrugernes regning - eller at opgive fläden og slä indpä en politik, der havde til formäl at sikre, atbrugerne i Fdlesskabet fik deres sotransportbehovdrekket billigst muligt af ikke-EF-rederier.
If this last factor implied a serious decline or the virtual disappearance of the Community's fleet, the Community would face a choice between maintain ing the fleet — at the expense of the taxpayer or of the user industries - or of letting the fleet go and adopting a policy designed to ensure that the Community's user industries obtained their ship ping services from non-Community carriers at the lowest possible cost.
Ifolge Kommissionens opfattelse er det endnu ikke kom- met sävidt, men dette mä ikke give anledning til enfalsk tryghedsfornemmelse, og Frellesskabet sLä r r) I perioden fta 1.7.1982- 1.4.1984faldt storrelsenaf han-delsfläden med omkring 20 mio BRT, svarendetil et fald pä endnu ikke over for det barskevalg, som en sädan
In the Commission's view while there can be no room for complacency, this point has not been reached and the Community is not yet faced with the stark choice which such a
o De vresentligste problemer for skibsfartenvedrarer samhandelenmed tredjelande. Man borderlor i forbindelse med gennemforelsen af alleinterne frellesskabsforanstaltninger tage vidtgäende lemsstatervaere mere aktive end tidligere medhensyntil at imgdegäde trusler, som andre landespolitik og praksistdgor for Frellesskabets interesser, og som bevirker, at det er svart eller umuligtat opretholde et konkurrencedygtigt system, hvilketgor det vanskeligerefor Fdlesskabets rederier at hensyn til, hvilken virkning disse har pä frellesskabsskibsfartens internationale konkurrenceevne.
In the light of the situation described in the previous section the time has come to examine whether the shipping policy pursued so far should be modified or extended and whether additional measures should be adopted for the promotion of the interests of the Community in general and of its shipping industry and shippers in particular.
En af de vresentligsteopgaver pä de folgende sider bliver derfor at o I de tilfrelde, hvor det er nodvendigt at indforeforordninger, og isar i de tilfrelde, hvor frellesskabsskibsfartens konkurrenceevne pävirkes, bgr udrede,hvilke trusler der er tale om, og at formulere forslag ved hjrelp af hvilke man kan imodegädisse trusler.
3Between 1.7.1982 and 1.4.1984 the fleet declined by approximately 20 million GRT, representing a drop of 18.5% of
Det juridiske grundlag for en sädan udbygningaf de foranstaltninger, der vedrorer potitikken pä sgfartsomrädet, findes i Rom-traktatensartikel 84,stk.2, der skal ses i lyset af de i artikel 2 oe 3omhandlede mäl og opgaver.
The preceding analysis is based predominantly on figures of tonnage, and shares of trade. It does not cover the vital question of profitability.
Sofartspolitikken er
It is difficult to reach any quantitative assessment of total GRT under Member State flags.
o Frellesskabet bor sikre, at freilespolitiske foranstaltninger pä skibsfartsomrädet, der vedrorer tredjelande, og som har til formäl at sikre Frellesskabets en del af den falles politik pä transportomrädet,som anfgrt i traktatens artikel 3, litra e).
part of the common transport policy, as mentioned in Article 3(e) of the Treaty.
Traktatensalmindelige bestemmelser vedrorende frie kapitalbevregelser, frie varebevregelser og arbejdskraftensfrie bevregelighed i forbindelse med styrkelsen afdet interne marked, sikkerhed mod konkurrenceforvridning, retten til at etablere sig, forbedringen afbeskreftigelsesmulighederne og arbejdsvilkareneosv., grelder ogsä for denne sektor.
The general rules of the Treaty with its requirements for the free move ment of capital, labour and goods in the context of the strengthening of the internal market, the guarantee of undistorted competition, the right of establishment, the improvement of employment opportunities and working conditions, and so on, apply to the sector.
Der er en klarforbindelse mellem politikken pä sofartsomrädet ogden lalles handelspolitik, den frelles politik over forudviklingslandene, den sociale politik og andreformer for politik pä industriomrädet, som feks.politikken vedrorende skibsbyggeri,miljo, forskning og energi.
There is also a clear connection between shipping policy and the common commercial policy, the common policy vis-à-vis developing countries, social policy and other industrial policies such as those concerning shipbuilding, the environment, research and energy.
Denne politik bäde pävirker ogpävirkes i hoj grad af Fallesskabets generelle okonomiske politik.
It clearly affects, and is affected by, the general economic policy of the Community.
(artikel 84, stk. 2).
Shipping policy stands alongside these other policies but has its own identity (Article 84(2)).
Nodvendigheden af, at deforskellige former for frellesskabspolitik er forenelige og kan supplerehinanden, virker beggeveje: veje: o Frellesskabet bgr fortsat fore en ikke-protektio-nistisk politik pä sofartsomrädet, som er baseret pä inden for sgfartspolitikkenmä man tage hensyn tilde behov,som de andre former for frellesskabspolitik stiller, men disse andre politikker mä ligeledesgennernfores pä en mäde, der er forenelig med desrerlige krav, der stilles afden europreiske skibsfartsindustri, og dens brugere og dem, der erbeskreftiget beskreftiget i erhvervet.
The need for compatibility and com plementarity between the various Community policies works both ways: certainly shipping policy has to take account of the requirements of the other Community policies, but these policies equally have to be implemented in a way which is compatible with the specific requirements of the European shipping industry, its users and the interests of those employed in it.
I lyset af de hidtil indvundne erfaringer medhensyntil at formulere frelles skibsfartspolitiske bet skal isar overvejeom og i säfald, hvordan detigangvrerende arbejde i GATT og i OECD omhandel med tjenesterkan brugestil atforfslge dette mäl.
• The predominant issues affecting shipping are those concerning trade with third countries. Be cause of this, any actions on matters internal to the Community should take fully into account their effect on the international competitive position of Community shipping.
foranstaltninger foreslär Kommissionen, at man, iforbindelse med gennemforelsen af yderligere fal- lesskabsforanstaltninger inden for skibsfartsomrä- det, bor lade sig lede af folgende grundlreggendeprincipper: o Frellesskabet bor stotte internationale bestrrebelser for at opretholde og forbedre bestemmelsernevedrgrende sikkerhed til sos.
The second consequence concerns the governmental reaction to external competitive pressures. It will, in the Commission's view, be necessary for the Community and its Member States to be more active than in the past to counter the threat to Community interests from policies and practices adopted by other countries which make difficult or impossible the maintenance of a commercially competitive system and which consequently reduce the possibilities for profitable enterprise open to the Community's shipowners.
at imodekomme udviklingslandenes onsker om enstorre andel i de linjefarter, der anlgber deres lande.Skont kodeksen forst trädte i kraft i oktober 1983.havde skibsfartsindustrien over hele verden alleredelrenge set frem til densvedtagelse, og mange udvik-lingslande har nu en andel i disselinjekonference- linjekonference- o Frellesskabet bsr bestrabe sig for at forbedrefallesskabsskibsfartens kommercielle konkurrenceevne og dermed medvirke til at opfylde sädannegenerelle mä I , der er omhandlet i traktaten, somf.eks. skonomisk udvikling og forbedring af EF-skibsofücerers og somrends beskreftigelsesmulighe-der.
• The Community should concentrate most of its efforts on those problems which can be more effectively resolved at Community level because this could lead to the adoption of measures that could be applied by the Community as a whole, including, if necessary, appropriate countervailing measures against unfair practices.
farter, der nrermer sig, og i visse tilfrelde overstiger,de 40%,der regnesmed i kodeksenl).
other countries, this broad consensus is beginning to break down.
Der er imidlertid noget, der tyder pä, at dennebrede enighed er ved at gä i oplosningpä grund afden gkonomiskekrise og pä grund af prreference-lastordninger og andre former for illoyal og diskriminerende praksis, som andre lande folger.
Hitherto, cargo reservation has been predominantly a liner problem.
Mankan säledes konstatere, at medlemsstaterne for ojeblikket indgär bilaterale aftaler eller ordninger medtredjelande til skade for andre frellesskabsflag,hvilket bevirker, at det er blevet vanskeligt atopretholde en bredt baseret kommerciel ordning.Ifolge Kommissionens opfattelse hindrer en sädanudvikling oprettelsenaf et frelles marked inden forskibsfart.
In this area, the Community, in adopting Regulation 954/79 and supporting, subject to it, the UN Code of Conduct, took a political decision to meet the aspirations of the developing countries for a larger share in the liner trades serving their countries.
I visse tilfrelde, som f.eks. när det drejersig om medlemsstaternes handel med statshandelslandene, kan indgäelsenaf bilaterale aftaler ellerordninger pegat vel vrere uundgäelig.
Although the Code only came into force in October 1983, it had already been anticipated by the shipping industries of the world and many developing countries now have a share in their liner conference trades which approaches or even exceeds the 40% envisaged in the Code.'
Men sädanneaftaler eller ordninger bor udformes pä en sädanmäde, at man samtidig undgär en hvilken som helstform for diskriminering mod rederier fra andremedlemsstater.Som anfgrt i det foregäende er detderfor nodvendigt at sammenholde Fallesskabetsholdning til den udefra kommende trussel i form afprreferencelaster med dets politik vedrgrende forbindelserne mellem medlemsstateme indbyrdes.
• The Community should seek to improve the commercial competitiveness of Community ship ping and thus contribute to such general objectives of the Treaty as economic development and the improvement of employment opportunities for Community ship officers and seamen.
Den udefra kommende trussel
Specific issues
Nogle lande har oprettet fragtagenturer belig-gende i hvert af de lande, mellem hvilke en fartforegär, hvorved de kan kanalisere fragten indunder det nationale flag.
Some countries have established freight booking offices at both ends of a trade which enables them to channel cargo to the national flag.
I andre lande er regerings-laster forbeholdt landets egne skibe, hvorved disselande anvender en uacceptabelbred definition afudtrykket.
Others reserve 'government cargoes' to their own ships and in doing so use an unacceptably wide definition of the term.
Andre forsoger under indtryk af denstigende pävirkning af konkunencen fra ikke-konfe-rencelande at udelukke ikke-konferencelande fradisse farter eller i det mindste at lregge storehindringer i vejen for dem, hvorved de selv ftr 40%af en storre fragtmangde, end de ellers ville havefilet.
Others, observing the increasing impact of nonconference competition, attempt to close the trade to nonconference operations or at least seriously obstruct it and thus reserve for themselves
Gennem vedtagelsen af forordning 954179,i hvilken Fallesskabetstotter medlemsstaternes tiltrredelse af De forenedeNationers konvention om en kodeks for Linjekonferencer,traf Frellesskabet en politisk afgorelse for t6 s.s/8s s/8s
There are signs, however, that under the pressures of the recession, and of cargo reservation and other unfair and discriminatory practices by
linger mellem CSG-landeneog De forenede Stater,er Kommissionen af den opfattelse, at disseforhan- forhan- dlinger er af vital betydning for Frellesskabet.
In general, however, the Commission considers that there are good reasons for maintaining the existing market organization of bulk shipping, and the Commission is opposed to any governmentally imposed scheme of mandatory cargo sharing in bulk shipping.
Der er imidlertid tegn pä, at man i storreomfang onsker at g6re brug af bestemmelsernevedrgrende praferencelaster inden for detteomrade.
It is equally because of these considerations that the services of the Commission, when preparing the modification of the proposal on competition rules (p.
Endvidere er ikke-traditionelle bulkvarer ü! nunkt 72), der fragtesi tulde skibsladninger,og som er bestemt for anvendelse i storreprojekter projekter i udviklingslandene, ofte underkastet importlandetspraferencelastbestemmelser.
54), made it clear that acts of non-Member States preventing the operation of outsiders in a trade should trigger the monitoring procedure foreseen by the Regulation (see also para. 63).
Udviklingslandene hari TINCTAD fremsat anmodninger om, at transporten af bulklaster blev ligeligt fordelt, og samtidig hermed blev der fremfgrt anmodning om, at sejladsunder bekvemmelighedsflag gradvis blev aßkaffet
And it is because this issue lies at the heart of the negotiations currently in progress between CSG countries and the United States that the Commission regards these negotiations as being of such vital importance to the Community.
Kommissionen mener derfor, at tidspunkteter inde til at lorsogeat standseen fortsat udviklingaf prreferencelastordningerne inden for linje- ogbulkskibsfart.
The Commission concludes that cargo reservation policies in liner and bulk shipping should be resisted.
Ifslge dens opfattelse er detteprimrert et omräde, hvor frellesskabsforanstaltninger vil vrere mere effektiveend foranstaltninger,der iverksrettesaf de enkelte medlemsstater.
In its view this is essentially an area where Community action is likely to be more effective than action by individual Member States.
Ikkeblot er det samlede Frellesskab mere betydningsfuldt pä det handelsmassige omräde, men pä grundal at frellesskabshavnenei de forskellige medlemsstater ligger tet ved hinanden, kan man gennemfrellesskabsforanstaltninger sikre sig, at bekrempelsen af disse tendenser ikke blot resulterer i. atlasterne bliver omdirigeretfra en frellesskabshavn tilen anden. I denne forbindelse konstaterer den medtilfredshed, at Rädet har truffet en afgorelse omkonsultationer vedrorende forholdsregler over forflagdiskrimination2), idet den mener, at dette er etskridt i den rigtige retning.
Not only has the Community greater trading weight, but given the proximity of Community ports in different Member States, Community action ensures that action against such policies will not merely result in the diversion of cargo fom a port in one Community country to a port in another.
Kommissionen agterimidlertid at gä videre og at forelregge Rädet etudkast til forordning vedrorende frellesskabsforanstaltninger mod rederier fra tredjelande, hvis politikeller praksis vedrorende prreferencelaster skadereller truer med at skade Fallesskabets interesser(side49).
It proposes, however, to go fürther and to present to the Council a proposal for a Regulation which permits Community action against shipping companies of third States whose cargo reservation policies or practices damage, or threaten to damage, Community interests (p. 47).
Mulighederne for samarbejde med udviklingslandene
The possibilities of cooperation with developing countries
Pä dennebaggrund mener Kommissionen, at det er nyttigt atintensivere samarbejdet pä skibsfartsomrädet med ASEAN- og ANDlN-landener).
At the same time, it is important, in the Commission's view, that its action in this sphere
I punkt 7l ff. findes en analyse af bulkskibsmarkedernes struktur og udvikling.2; Rädets beslutning af 26.10.1983 om modforanstaltninger inden for international sotransport, EFT nr. L 332137 af
An analysis of the organization and development of the bulk shipping markets is given in para. 71 et sea.
; r L8 1 af23.3.1985EFT
Moreover, neo-bulk commodities (see para.
L 153 markederne har givet Frellesskabet en pälidelig,effektiv og konkurrencedygtig bulkskibsfart og hargjort det muligt for rederne i Frellesskabet at tilbydederes tjenesteydelser globalt'). Pä den anden sidekonstaterer Kommissionen - som anfgrt nedenfor- at der pä disse sävel som pä andre farter eksisterer praksis, som Kommissionen beklager oggerne sä bragt til ophor.
72) carried in füll shiploads and destined for use in large projects in developing countries are often subject to cargo reservation by the importing country.
Generelt finder Kommissionen imidlertid, at der er gode grunde,der talerfor at bevare den eksisterende markedsordning forbulkskibsfart, og Kommissionen er imod enhverform for regeringsstyret ordning om tvungen last-fordeling inden for bulkskibsfart.
In the Commission's view there is a real risk that cargo sharing in bulk shipping could destroy the economic efficiency of these markets, lead to higher costs to Community (and other) consumers, increase government intervention and change trading patterns in favour of those raw-material-producing countries which abstained from the introduction of bulk cargo sharing practices.
Kommissionen erklar over, at mange udviklingslande indtager denmodsatte holdning.
It is worth noting that transport can represent some thing like 20% of the cost of dry bulk cargo delivered to the Community.
stemmelse hermed og kan give medlemsstaternesikkerhed for, at det vil opretholde en bredt anlagtkommerciel ordning.
with the ACP countries or in any other suitable framework, to advocate Community assistance in developing new forms of cooperation in shipping between the Community and developing countries.