natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
DGFT har accepteret tilsagn fra SUNL, og rapporten blev derfor ikke henvist til Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC).
The DGFThas accepted undertakings from SUNL and the report was not therefore referred tothe Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC).
I rapporten om British Railways Board (Motorail) konkluderedes det, at BRB ikke fulgte konkurrencebegrænsende praksis i sit forsøg på at sikre, at Motorail fortsat kunne anvendes til sit hovedformål, nemlig personbefordring, og at den konkurrencebegrænsende virkning havde været ubetydelig, selv om BRB havde søgt at begrænse konkurrencen ved at nægte konkurrenter til selskabets egen pakketjeneste Red Star Parcel Service adgang til ledig plads på Motorail.
The report on British Railways Board (Motorail) concluded that BRB was notacting anti-competitively in seeking to preserve Motorail for its primary purpose ofcarrying passengers and that while BRB intended to restrict competition by denyingaccess to residual space on Motorail to competitors of its own Red Star Parcel Service, the effect on competition had been insignificant.
GDFT traf derefter ikke videre foranstaltninger.
The DGFT therefore tookno further action.
I rapporten om British Railways Board (biludlejning ved jernbanestationer) konkluderedes det, at den relativt lille andel af biludlejningsmarkedet, som denne service havde, betød, at den konkurrencebegrænsende virkning ikke var væsentlig, selv om
The report on British Railways Board (car hire at stations) concluded that while theexclusive nature of the contract between BRB and Godfrey Davies Eurocar Ltd didrestrict competition for car hire services at railway stations, the relatively smallshare of the car hire market accounted for by these services meant that the effect oncompetition was not substantial.
DGFT accepterede tilsagn fra ECN, og rapporten blev derfor ikke henvist til MMC.
COMPETITION POLICY TOWARDS ENTERPRISES
DGFT accepterede tilsagn fra British Railways Board vedrørende dettes ordning for hyrevognes optagelse af passagerer ved jernbanestationen i Brighton '), og rapporten herom blev derfor ikke henvist til MMC.
Following the report on British Railways Board's arrangements relating tothe admission of taxis to ply for hire at Brighton railway station,1the DGFT accepted undertakings from BR.B and the report was not therefore referred to the MMC.
De tre nye undersøgelser vedrører den praksis, der følges af Thames Television Ltd i dette selskabs beslutninger om, hvorvidt det vil give nogle kunder favorable annonceringsvilkår, Ford Motor Company Ltd's politik for ydelsen af licenser vedrørende fremstilling og salg af karosserireservedele til biler af mærket Ford samt de britiske lufthavnsmyndigheders (British Airports Authority) ordning for hyrevognskørslen ved Londons Gatwick lufthavn.
The three new investigations concern the policies and practices applied by Thames Television Ltd in deciding whether to grant favourable terms to somecustomers for advertising services, the policy of the Ford Motor Company Ltdtowards the granting of copyright licences for the manufacture or sale ofreplacement body parts for Ford motor vehicles and the arrangements made by the British Airports Authority for permitting the supply of taxi services at London's Gatwick Airport.
MMC har i henhold til Competition Aet aflagt rapport om den sag, DGFT har henvist til den vedrørende London Electricity Board's detailsalg af elektriske husholdningsapparater2). MMC konkluderede, at LEB ved at sælge elektriske husholdningsapparater med tab havde handlet konkurrencebegrænsende, men i betragtning af el-selskabets lille markedsandel, dets bestræbelser på at eliminere tabet og værdien af de tjenesteydelser, det gennem sin udstillingsvirksomhed tilbød offentligheden, stred denne praksis ikke mod almenvellet.
The MMC has reported under the Competition Act on the case referred to itby the DGFT on the retailing of domestic electrical goods by the London Electricity Board.2 The MMC concluded that in selling electrical appliances at a loss the LEBhad pursued an anticompetitive practice but that in view of its small market share,the efforts it was making to eliminate the loss and the value of the services itrendered to the public through its showrooms, the practice did not operate againstthe public interest.
Sheffield Newspapers Ltd har over for DGFT givet tilsagn om at gennemføre de henstillinger, der er indeholdt i MMC's rapport fra oktober 19823), således at virksomheden ikke længere i sine leveringsbetingelser vil begrænse detailhandlernes adgang til at lagerføre og omdele andre (gratis) aviser.
Sheffield Newspapers Ltd have given undertakings to the DGFT implementingrecommendations in the MMC report of October 19823 to the effect that its supply terms should no longer inhibit retailers' freedom to stock and distribute other (free)newspapers.
DGFT's rapport om de konkurrencemæssige virkninger af visse dele af Opticions Act 1958 4) blev offentliggjort i januar 1983.
The DGFT's report on the effects on competition of certain sections of the Opticians Act 19584 was published in January 1983.
Det blev her fastslået, at det
Opticians' profits had not been excessive but the falling
133 monopol på salget af briller, loven giver registrerede optikere (og læger), havde forhindret ikke-registrerede sælgere i at kunne tilbyde billigere briller, men at der var risiko for, at sygdomme ikke ville blive opdaget, hvis der ikke i forbindelse med salget af et par briller blev foretaget en synsprøve.
133 profitability of government-funded National Health Service work had beencompensated for by higher private charges.
Efter undersøgelse af en række aftaler om levering af mælk i papkartoner til detailforretninger '), der i modstrid med bestemmelserne i Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1976 ikke var blevet anmeldt, blev man opmærksom på yderligere 65 aftaler om mælkepriser og mælkedistribution.
Following investigations of unregistered agreements registrable under the Restrictive Trade Practices Act (RTP Act) 1976 relating to the supply of milk incartons to retail shops,1 65 more agreements concerning the price and distributionof liquid milk have come to light.
Parterne havde truffet aftale om priser og rabatter for visse kunder, om licitationspriser, om begrænsning af leverancerne til en række kunder, og om fordeling af salgsruter for mælkemænd, ligesom de havde aftalt, at de kun ville levere mælk til detailsalg i papkartoner eller anden engangsemballage.
The parties agreed to fix prices and discounts tocertain customers; to fix levels of tendering prices; to restrict supply to certaincustomers; to allocate milk rounds; and to supply milk to shops only in cartons orother non-returnable containers.
DGFT vil i henhold til paragraf 35 og 1 i Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1976 træffe foranstaltninger med aftaleparterne.
The DGFT proposes to take proceedings under Sections 35 and 1 of the RTP Act 1976 against the parties to the agreements.
En sag vedrørende fondsbørsen blev udsat i juli 1983, efter at regeringen, foranlediget af en række forslag til indrømmelser fra børsens side, havde besluttet at fremsætte et lovforslag, hvorefter børsen skulle være undtaget fra loven.
A case in respect of the Stock Exchange was adjourned in July 1983following the Government's decision to introduce legislation to exemptthe Stock Exchange from the Act.
Børsen havde tilbudt at opgive sin minimumsprovisionsordning ved udgangen af 1986, at udnævne ikke-medlemmer som medlemmer af Stock Exchange Council og at give ikke-medlemmer adgang til at være bestyrelsesmedlemmer uden direktionsstatus i medlemsfirmaer.
This decision followed proposals from the Exchange tomake various concessions: the Exchange is to abandon its minimum commissionstructure by the end of 1986, to appoint non-members as members of the Stock Exchange Council and to allow non-members to become non-executive directors ofmember firms.
Dette lovforslag er blevet fremsat i Parlamentet.
A Bill has been introduced into Parliament to give effect to the Government's decision.
I sin rapport om campingpladser i Nordirland2), der er gennemført i medfør af Fair Trading Act, konkluderede MMC, at en række virksomheder, som både handlede med campingvogne og drev campingpladser, og som forsøgte at stille købet af en campingvogn som betingelse for at opnå adgang til campingpladsen, indtog en monopollignende stilling, men at dette monopol ikke stred mod almenvellet.
In its report on holiday caravan sites in Northern Ireland2 made under the Fair Trading Act, the MMC concluded that a complex monopoly existed amongbusinesses which combined dealing in caravans with operating caravan sites andsought to link the provision of sites with sales of caravans but that this monopolydid not operate against the public interest.
I MMC's rapport om film til forevisning i biografer3) udtaltes det, at der fandtes en række monopoler til fordel for både biografejere og filmudlejere, og at ordninger om fastsættelse af premieretidspunkter og eneret, der begrænsede distributionen og
The MMC report on films for exhibition in cinemas3found that a number ofmonopolies existed in favour of both exhibitors and distributors and that thesystems of alignment and barring, restricting distribution and showing of films,were against the public interest.
KONKURRENCEPOLITIKKEN OVER FOR VIRKSOMHEDER fremvisningen af film, stred mod almenvellet.
COMPETITION POLICY TOWARDS ENTERPRISES
DGFT afgav udtalelse til ministeriet om 188 fusioner og planlagte fusioner, og ministeriet henviste 11 sager til MMC.
The DGFT gave advice to the Secretary of State on 188 mergers andprospective mergers, and the Secretary of State referred 11 cases to the MMC.
Af disse er to bortfaldet, fordi parterne opgav at gennemføre fusionen (Redland PLC/Ibstock Johnson PLC og GFI/Knoll International Holding Company/Sotheby Parke Bernet Group PLC). Af de øvrige har MMC hidtil afgivet rapport om fire, nemlig Linfood PLC/Fitch Lovell PLC, A.J. Lewis/IIlingworth Morris PLC, London Brick PLC/Ibstock Johnsen PLC og Alfred Taubman/Sotheby Parke Bernet Group PLC.
Ofthese, two have lapsed following abandonment of the merger by the parties(Redland PLC/Ibstock Johnsen PLC and GFI/Knoll International Holding Company/Sotheby Parke Bernet Group PLC); of the remainder, the MMC have sofar reported on four: Linfood PLC/Fitch Lovell PLC; Mr A J Lewis/Illingworth Morris PLC; London Brick PLC/Ibstock Johnsen PLC; and Alfred Taubman/Sotheby Parke Bernet Group PLC.
Ingen af disse fire fusioner vil formentlig stride mod almenvellet.
All four were found unlikely to operate againstthe public interest.
MMC afgav endvidere rapport om fire sager, der var blevet henvist til den i 1982, nemlig Great Universal Stores PLC/Empire Stores (Bradford) PLC, Charter Consolidated PLC/Anderson Strathclyde PLC, Sunlight Service Group PLC/Johnson Group Cleaners PLC og Initial PLC/Johnson Group Cleaners PLC.
The MMC also reported on four cases referred to them during1982: Great Universal Stores PLC/Empire Stores (Bradford) PLC; Charter Consolidated PLC/Anderson Strathclyde PLC; Sunlight Service Group PLC/Johnson Group Cleaners PLC; Initial PLC/ Johnson Group Cleaners PLC.
I hver enkelt sag fandt MMC, at fusionen formentlig ville stride mod almenvellet.
In eachcase the MMC found that the merger would be likely to operate against the publicinterest.
Ministeriet opnåede, at de enkelte bydende selskaber gav tilsagn om ikke at gennemføre fusioner, undtagen i sagen Charter Consolidated PLC/Anderson Strathclyde PLC, hvor staten accepterede MMC's minoritetsudtalelse om, at fusionen sandsynligvis ikke ville stride mod almenvellet. Fusionen er siden blevet gen nemført.
The Secretary of State obtained undertakings from the bidder not toproceed with the merger in each case except that of Charter Consolidated PLC/Anderson Strathclyde PLC, where the Government accepted the minority view ofthe MMC that the merger would be unlikely to operate against the public interest.The transaction has since been completed.
Ministeriet har uden at henvise sagen til MMC på grundlag af et skøn givet samtykke til fem ansøgninger vedrørende salg af aviser til andre avisejere.
With respect to five applications for consent to the transfer of newspapers toother newspaper proprietors the Secretary of State exercised his discretion to giveconsent without a reference to the MMC.
For det andet har Domstolen gennem sin retspraksis gradvis fastlagt tre meget vigtige aspekter på dette område.
Secondly, three very important aspects of the matter have subsequently beenclarified in the case law of the Court of Justice.
Domstolen har fundet, at så længe Kommissionen ikke har truffet en beslutning om en aftale, der er indgået eller trådt i kraft efter forordning nr. 17's ikrafttrædelse den 13. marts 1962, kan denne aftale kun gen­nemføres på parternes egen risiko.
The first is that as long as the Commission has not taken a decision on an agreement made or applied after Regulation No 17 came into force on 13 June 1962, the agreement can only beimplemented at the parties' own risk.
Heraf følger, at anmeldelser ikke har nogen suspensiv virkning, og at dommere i tilfælde af klager eo ipso kan erklære anmeldte aftaler, hvorom der endnu ikke er truffet nogen beslutning '), for ugyldige.
It follows that notifications do not havesuspensive effect and a national court can give judgment in actions claiming theautomatic nullity of an agreement that has been notified but has not yet been thesubject of a decision.1
Domstolen har desuden udtalt, at »da forbudene i artiklerne 85, stk. 1, og 86 ifølge selve deres natur er egnede til at skabe umiddelbare virkninger i forholdet mellem private, skaber de nævnte artikler umiddelbart rettigheder for de retsundergivne, som de nationale domsmyndigheder skal beskytte«2). Med hensyn til EF­rettens konkurrenceregler har Domstolen således stadfæstet den umiddelbare virkning af forbudene i artikel 85 og 86 samt de nationale domstolens pligter på dette område.
The Court has also established that 'as the prohibitions of Articles 85(1) and 86tend by their very nature to produce direct effects in relations between individuals,these articles create direct rights in respect of the individuals concerned which thenational courts must safeguard.'2This has confirmed the direct effect of theprohibitions of Articles 85 and 86 and the responsibility of national courts for theenforcement of Community competition law.
Domstolen har endelig udtalt, at begrebet »medlemsstaternes kompetente myndighe­der« også omfatter »de retter, som særlig har til opgave at anvende den nationale lovgivning vedrørende konkurrence eller at kontrollere lovligheden af forvaltnings­myndighedernes anvendelse heraf«3).
Lastly, the Court of Justice has held that the 'authorities of the Member States'should also be taken to include 'courts especially entrusted with the task ofapplying domestic legislation on competition or that of ensuring the legality of thatapplication by the administrative authorities.'3
Helt konkret følger af denne retspraksis, at privatpersoner, der mener at have lidt skade ved virksomhedernes overtrædelse af forbudene i artikel 85 og 86, under de beskrevne omstændigheder kan gå direkte til en national domstol med henblik på at få konstateret, at der foreligger en overtrædelse.
In practice these decisions mean that, in the circumstances described, privateindividuals considering themselves the victim of conduct by undertakings that iscontrary to Article 85 or 86 may directly apply to a national court for an injunctionon the grounds of such breach.
Denne retsstilling ventes at få mere mærkbare virkninger i praksis for de berørte personer i Fællesskabet.
The machinery for enforcing Community
■') Dom af 30.1.1974, sag 127/73 (»BRT ­ I«), Sml. 1974, s. 51 (præmis nr. 19).
Case 48/72 Haecht v Wilkin ('Haecht II') [1973] ECR 77.Case 127/73 BRT v SABAM ('BRT-I') [1974] ECR 51, ground 16 at 62.Case 127/73 BRT v SABAM ('BRT-I'), [1974] ECR 51, ground 19 at 63.
KONKURRENCEPOLITIKKEN OVER FOR VIRKSOMHEDER
The practical implications of thissituation deserve to be more clearly appreciated in the Community by allconcerned.
De nationale domsmyndigheders direkte anvendelse af konkurrencereglerne rejser et andet problem. Ifølge Domstolen »medfører adgangen til at anvende artikel 85, stk. 1, nødvendigvis adgang til at gøre anvendelse af denne artikels stk. 2 og erklære de aftaler, som er forbudt i medfør af denne artikel, for ugyldige« ').
The same Haecht II judgment cited above (ground 12) also states that it is for thecourt to judge, subject to the possible application of Article 177, whether there is acause to suspend proceedings in order to allow the parties to obtain the Commission's opinion, unless it establishes either that the agreement does not haveany perceptible effect on trade between Member States or that there is no doubtthat the agreement is incompatible with Article 85.
Da traktaten ikke har defineret ugyldighedsbegrebet i artikel 85, stk. 2, afhænger begrebets fortolkning af domstolenes anvendelse af denne bestemmelse i overensstemmelse med den gældende nationale ret.
The Commission believes that,in the present state of development of the Commission's practice and the Court'scase law, the task of a national court in establishing such incompatibility in a case inwhich this is an issue has been made considerably easier.
Det samme er tilfældet, når der i forbindelse med en aftale, der er blevet erklæret ugyldig, anlægges erstatningssag med det formål at opnå erstatning for den skade, man har lidt.
The same is true of actions fordamages consequent upon a finding of the nullity of the agreement.
Hidtil har man praktisk taget ikke udnyttet mulighederne for erstatning i tilfælde af overtrædelse af Fællesskabets konkurrenceregler. Dette aspekt fortjener imidlertid større opmærksomhed. Kommissionen er af den opfattelse, at domstole nes anvendelse af artikel 85 og 86 også bør kunne føre til, at skadelidte personer tilkendes erstatning, fordi dette vil styrke EF-rettens virkninger.
Scant use hasyet been made of the possibility of actions for damages for breaches of the Community competition rules.
Den overvejer navnlig, hvilke initiativer der kan træffes for at fremme erstatningssøgsmål. Bedre og mere intensive kontakter mellem nationale domstole og Kommissionen vil også kunne fremme overholdelsen af forbudene i disse artikler.
The Commission is currently studying how to encourage actions beforenational courts for enforcement of the prohibitions contained in Article 85 and 86.It is looking in particular at what steps could be taken to facilitate damages actions.Improved and more intense contacts between national courts and the Commissionwould also help to tighten up enforcement of the prohibitions in these Articles.
Under alle omstændigheder vil man afgjort kunne opnå fremskridt med de nationale dommeres anvendelse af EF's konkurrenceregler ved at udbygge en allerede eksisterende praksis, som består i at de nationale domstole anmoder Kommissionen om en stillingtagen i de sager, som de har fået forelagt, i det omfang hvor dette kan være til gavn for den almindelige retspleje.
Another definite step forward in the enforcement of Community competition lawby national courts would be to further develop the existing practice whereby thecourt asks the Commisison to give an opinion on issues arising from the case beforeit, since such clarifications could only be conducive to a good administration ofjustice.
Statsstøtte1
State aids1
§ 1 — Generelle problemer og den seneste udvikling
§ 1 — General policy problems and developments
Som det fremgår af tabellen (jf- nr. 228 nedenfor) har arbejdsbyrden forbindelse med de støtteforslag fra medlemsstaterne (bortset fra stål, der hører til en særlig kategori), som Kommissionen traf beslutning om i 1983, været fortsat voksende ligesom i de foregående år.
As can be seen from the table (see point 228 below), the underlying trend inthe number of industrial aid proposals from Member States (excluding steel whichfalls into a special category) on which the Commission took decisions in 1983continued to grow as in previous years.
Dette afspejler fremfor alt, at der lægges pres på medlemsstaterne for at få dem til at yde støtte som følge af konjunkturudviklingen og den særlige situation inden for specifikke industrisektorer.
This reflects above all the pressure on Member States to grant aids as a result of the conjunctural developments and theparticular situation in specific industrial sectors.
Man kan også deraf udlede, at Kommissionens ordning baseret på forudgående underretning og kontrol fungerer effektivt.
It may also be considered as anexpression of the effectiveness of the pre-notification and control system operatedby the Commission.
Af tabellen ser man endvidere, at antallet af kontradiktoriske procedurer, som Kommissionen havde indledt, og antallet af endelige negative beslutninger, som Kommissionen traf, udgjorde en stigende andel af det samlede antal sager.
As can also be seen from examination of this table, the number of adversaryprocedures initiated by the Commission and the number of final negative decisionstaken by the Commission continued to be an increasing proportion of the total.
Kommissionen har således videreført sine bestræbelser for at sikre, at konkurrencen på fællesmarkedet ikke fordrejes, og for at beskytte det interne markeds status som enhedsmarked. Støtte, som i grunden er uforenelig med fællesmarkedet i medfør af EØF-traktatens artikel 92, stk. 1, men som tillades i henhold til undtagelsesbestemmelserne i artikel 92, stk. 3, skal kunne bidrage effektivt til den fortsatte opbygning af Det europæiske Fællesskab.
The Commission, thus, maintained its policy of ensuring that competition in thecommon market is not distorted and of protecting the unity of the internal market.Aids, which are basically incompatible with the common market, as laid down in Article 92(1) of the Treaty, where they are accepted and benefit from thederogations of paragraph 3 of Article 92, must make a positive contributiontowards the continued construction of the European Community.
Bortset fra Kommissionens beslutninger i tilfælde af anvendelse af regionale, sektorale eller generelle støtteordninger eller i enkelttilfælde under disse ordninger, som der redegøres for i enkeltheder på de følgende sider, forstærkede Kommissionen i 1983 sin politik, for så vidt angår forslag til statsstøtte, fortsat sit arbejde med rammeregler for støtte til forskning og udvikling samt rammeregler vedrørende energi, problemet med sammenlægning af støtte som principspørgsmål og forarbejdet til en udarbejdelse af reviderede principper for samordning af regional støtte.
Apart from itsdecisions in cases of application of regional, sectoral or general schemes, orindividual cases thereunder, which are described in more detail in the pages whichfollow, 1983 saw the Commission strengthening the policy framework withinwhich it handles State aid proposals from Member States and continuing its workon a framework for aids for Research and Development, a framework on aids in thefield of energy, and on the problems of cumulation of aids as a question of principle
') Hvad angår statsstøtte vedrørende de varer, der er opregnet i bilag II til traktaten, henvises til Syttende Almindelige Beretning, nr. 454 og 489.
For State aids concerning the products listed in Annexe II to the Treaty, see Seventeenth General Report, points 454 and 489.
Et særligt problem, der har givet Kommissionen anledning til stigende bekymring, er spørgsmålet om tilbagebetaling af medlemsstaternes ulovlige ydede støtte.
A particular problem that has been causing the Commission increasingconcern is that of the recovery of aids illegally granted by Member States.
Efter en omhyggelig undersøgelse af problemerne sendte Kommissionen den 3. november 1983 skrivelser til medlemsstaterne og offentliggjorde en meddelelse i De Europæiske Fællesskabers Tidendel), hvori den oplyste, at den ville påbegynde en gradvis inddrivelse af ulovligt ydet støtte.
Aftercareful examination of the problems involved, the Commission wrote to the Member States on 3 November 1983 and published a Communication in the Official Journal of the European Communities1stating that it would begingradually to recover aids granted illegally.