natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Da de to socialistiske partier havde fundet sammen i 1875 (Tysklands socialistiske Arbejderparti i Gotha), begyndte et mere og mere snævert samarbejde med de ideologisk beslægtede fagforeninger, selv om socialistloven stod hindrende i vejen herfor.
After the two Socialist parties combined to form the "Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands (Socialist Workers Party of Germany) in Gotha in 1875ι an era of increasingly close cooperation with the like-thinking unions began, although the Anti-Socialist Law was a major obstacle.
Først med ophævelsen af socialistloven i 1890 banedes vejen for et effektivt arbejde i fuld offentlighed.
It was not until this law was repealed in 1890 that the way was clear for effective public activities.
I det sidste årti af det nittende århundrede indtraf der nogle begivenheder af betydning for fagbevægelsen:
The final decade of the 19th century saw a number of important developments within the union movement:
- 1894: August Brust opretter det første kristelige minearbejderforbund;
- 1894: foundation of the first Christian trade union by August Brust;
- 1899: Det kristelige Fagforeningsforbunds stiftende kongres i Mainz.
- 1899: founding congress of the Christian trade union federation in Mainz.
De tre "ideologiske organisationer" (frie, kristelige og Hirsch-Duncker'ske forbund) og deres underafdelinger prægede billedet af fagbevægelsen både i Kejsertidens Tyskland (indtil afslutningen af Den første Verdenskrig) og i Weimar-republikken, som fulgte herefter.
The three "ideological" union movements (free Socialist, Christian and Liberal) and the individual unions of which they were composed dominated the trade union scene in imperial Germany (up to the end of World War One) and during the Weimar Republic.
Erfaringerne med denne spaltede fagbevægelse var alt andet end gode. Dette gælder især for årene i slutningen af 20'erne og begyndelsen af 30'erne, hvor Weimar-republikken blev ødelagt indefra samtidig med den store verdensøkonomiske krise.
With the union movement split in this way, the results were anything but good; this is particularly true of the period of worldwide economic crisis at the end of the twenties and the beginning of the thirties when the Weimar Republic was being destroyed from within.
Da der med nationalsocialisternes magtovertagelse i 1933 begyndte en skæbnesvanger ud vikling for hele Europa, hørte de ideologiske organisationer til de første, der blev forbudt og opløst.
When the National Socialists took power in 1933, touching off a course of events which was fateful for the whole of Europe, the unions of all persuasions were the first organizations to be banned and dissolved.
Deres formue blev beslaglagt, og fagforeningsmedlemmerne blev kollektivt indlemmet i den nydannede organisation "Den tyske Arbejderfront", der mere eller mindre var en statslig fagforening.
Their assets were confiscated, their members were transferred collectively to the newly formed "Deutsche Arbeiterfront" (German Workers' Front), and many union officials were arrested, tortured and sentenced to prison terms or thrown into concentration camps.
Adskillige fagforeningsfunktionærer blev arresteret, udsat for tortur og dømt til tugthusstraffe eller sat i koncentrationslejr.
It was in this spirit that those union officials who had survived the Nazi terror and the war made a very rapid start on reorganizing the unions.
I disse år, der var præget af absolut ufrihed og terror, nåede mange frem til den erkendelse, at der måtte gøres alt for at forhindre en opsplitning af fagbevægelsen efter politisk eller ideologisk overbevisning.
Thus, in building up the new union movement in the Federal Republic of Germany after World War Two, the principle not only of avoiding a return to the old ideologically oriented unions but also that of having all the members of a firm belong to the same union (the industrial trade union principle) was observed.
I denne ånd begyndte de fagforeningsfunktionærer, der havde overlevet naziterroren og Den anden Verdenskrig, meget hurtigt med genopbygningen af fagforeningerne, Deres mål var en fælles fagbevægelse, der skulle omfatte alle arbejdstagere
In 1949 the Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB -German Trade Union Federation) was founded in Munich, embodying the aforementioned principles, i.e. the single trade union movement and the industrial trade union. Today 17 trade unions or industrial trade unions belong the German Trade Union Federation, which has a total of over seven million members.
uden hensyn til politisk overbevisning eller trosretning for i fællesskab at opbygge et nyt samfundssystem og kæmpe for alle arbejdstageres lige rettigheder.
Even today there are a number of trade union federations or trade unions alongside the DGB, which must either be regarded as ideologically oriented or which have remained faithful to the craft union principle. These are:
I oktober 1949 dannedes Det tyske Fagforeningsforbund i München med bibeholdelse af de to nævnte principper "fælles faglig organisation" og "industriforbund".
While the CGD has relatively few members, who tend to be concentrated in certain regions, the DBB has over 700 000 members and the DAG some 480 000 members.
I dag er der 17 fagforbund eller industriforbund til sluttet Det tyske Fagforeningsforbund (DGB) med i alt over 7 mio medlemmer.
The DGB takes the view that the DBB is not a trade union organization meeting the customary criteria and requirements.
Også i dag findes der ud over DGB nogle fagforeningsforbund eller fagforeninger, der enten må betegnes som ideologiske organisationer eller som har holdt fast ved princippet organisation efter faglige grænser:
Repeated efforts to achieve a rapprochement between the DGB and the DAG in terms of their organizational approach have so far come to nought; however, there are no political or ideological disagreements between the DGB and the DAG.
- Tysklands kristelige Fagforeningsforbund (CGB); - Det tyske Tjenestemandsforbund (DBB); - Det tyske Funktionærforbund (DAG); - samt nogle mindre faglige organisationer.
All trade unions in the Federal Republic of Germany are associations under private law in line with para 21 of the "Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch" (Civil Code).
Mens CGB kun har relativt få medlemmer, der er koncentreret regionalt, tæller DBB over 700 000 medlemmer og DAG ca. 480 000 medlemmer.
Since there are no specific laws governing the activities of associations, strikes and lockouts are sources of controversy between the unions and the employers' associations; the political parties likewise disagree.
Efter DGB's opfattelse er Det tyske Tjenestemandsforbund ikke en faglig organisation, som opfylder de almindelige kriterier herfor.
In practice, the ways in which these weapons are used is determined largely by the decisions handed down by the upper courts.
Gentagne forsøg på at nå frem til en tilnærmelse mellem DGB og DAG med hensyn til organisationsprincippet har indtil i dag ikke båret frugt.
The Federal Republic of Germany is one of the countries with the smallest
To væsentlige egen skaber, der forlanges af en faglig organisation, er uafhængigheden af arbejdsgiversiden og den i lovene udtrykte vilje til at gennemføre arbejdstagernes krav ved hjælp af strejke.
It should also be mentioned that political strikes are illegal and that the law permits only industrial action arising out of the interaction of individual employers or employers' associations and the unions in connection with attempts to get workers' demands accepted.
Da der ikke findes nogen lovgivning om arbejdsgivernes og arbejdstagernes organisationer, er strejke- og Lock-outspørgsmål et omstridt emne mellem de to parter, og det samme gælder for de politiske partier. Problemet løses i praksis i vidt omfang gennem retsplejen ved de højeste domstole.
The DGB, the DAG and the DBB, which - as we have seen - are all organized along different lines, regard themselves as independent of governments, parties, religions and employers, and all three endorse ideological, religious and political tolerance.
Adskillige overenskomstaftaler indeholder bestemmelser om muligheden for at gennemføre strejker, især hvad angår overholdelsen af den såkaldte fredspligt. Med hensyn til lockout er det DGB's og DAG's konsekvente op fattelse, at lovgivningsmagten bør forbyde dette kampmiddel fra arbejdsgiverside.
The concept of political neutrality used in this connection is not infrequently consciously or unconsciously misinterpreted.
I øjeblikket kan man næppe regne med, at bestræbelserne i denne retning krones med held.
On the contrary, says the DGB, the unions are definitely a political factor in a democratic state in which political group interests compete with each other.
Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland er et af de lande med de færreste strejkedage. Dette hænger uden tvivl sammen med¿ at der inden for mange sektorer i er hvervslivet findes aftaler mellem arbejdsgiverorganisationerne og fagforeningerne om gennemførelse af strejker og om forlig.
Democracy and independence of the trade unions in a socially reponsible constitutional state, which has to be developed in material and spiritual terms, are established principles of the major workers' associations.
For øvrigt skal det nævnes, at politiske strejker er forbudt, og at kun de arbejdskampe er til ladt, der udbryder mellem enkelte arbejdsgivere eller arbejdsgiverorganisationer og fagforeningerne, i forbindelse med gennemførelsen af arbejdstagernes krav.
Generally speaking, they do not take joint action to assert their members' political, social and cultural interests; though there is broad agreement on certain aims, there are obvious differences on many questions, particularly when it comes to judging ways and means of achieving specific objectives.
Det tyske Fagforeningsforbund, Det tyske Funktionærforbund og Det tyske Tjenestemandsforbund, der som nævnt bygger på forskellige organisatoriske principper, betragter sig som uafhængige af regeringer, partier, trosretnin-
DAG: In keeping with its own structure, the DAG is not a member of an international confederation of national trade unions, but is a member of the International Federation of Commercial, Clerical and Technical Employees (IFCCTE), an international employees secretariat, which collaborates closely with the ICFTU and maintains a European regional organization (EURO-FIET)
ger og arbejdsgivere, og de bekender sig desuden til ideologisk, religiøs og politisk tolerance.
with headquarters in Brussels.
Det sker ikke sjældent, at man bevidst eller ubevidst fejlfortolker det i denne forbindelse anvendte begreb partipolitisk neutralitet.
CGB: The Christian trade unions and their federation are members of the World Confederation of Labour (WCL), but - like almost all Christian trade union federations in Western Europe - did not join the ETUC.
De store arbejdstagerorganisationers ufravigelige principper er demokrati og de faglige organisationers uafhængighed i en social retsstat, som det gælder om at udbygge i teori og praksis.
The German Trade Union Federation, which is made up of the following trade unions which are organized as industrial unions, has close to eight million members :
DGB: DGB er medlem af Frie Faglige Internationale (FFI) og af Den europæiske faglige Samarbejdsorganisation (EFS), der siden 1973 ikke kun omfatter EF-landene, men også alle lande i Vesteuropa med demokratiske samfunds systemer.
The DGB, which has its headquarters in Düsseldorf, has nine regional Land divisions, which are subdivided into district and local committees. The individual unions likewise have similar structures.
DAG: I overensstemmelse med sin struktur er DAG ikke med i en international organisation af nationale fagforbund, men er medlem af Det Internationale Forbund af Ansatte og Teknikere (FIET), et såkaldt internationalt fagsekretariat, der har et snævert samarbejde med FFI og driver en europæisk regional organisation (EURO-FIET) med hovedkontor i Bruxelles.
The DGB's member unions and its regional organizations are represented in this congress. During the periods between congresses the Federal Council makes the most important decisions; this body is made up of the DGB Chairman; the eight other members of the Steering Committee of the Federal Executive Board, the Chairmen of the 17 member trade unions and the Chairmen of the nine
Det tyske Fagforeningsforbund
DGB Land organizations.
Herunder hører følgende forbund, der er organiseret efter det omtalte industriforbundsprincip:
All these persons are elected by the DGB Federal Congress, the congresses held by the DGB Land organizations and the congresses of the individual unions.
Bygge- og anlægsarbejdernes industriforbund, Mine- og energiarbejdernes industriforbund, Kemi-, papir- og keramikarbejdernes industriforbund, Grafisk industriforbund, De tyske jernbanearbejderes forbund, Uddannelses- og videnskabsforbundet, Gartneri, land- og skovbrugsforbundet, Handels-, bank- og forsikringsforbundet, Træ- og kunststofforbundet, Kunstnerforbundet, Læderarbejderforbundet, Metalarbejdernes industriforbund,
The regional breakdown of the DGB into Land and district organizations is likewise to be found in the individual unions and, in view of the Federal Republic of Germany's federal structure, is of major importance for the union movement.
Forbundet for nærings- og nydelsesmiddelarbejdere, hotel- og restaurationspersonale,
They also cover provisions regarding the joint solidarity fund.
Forbundet for offentligt ansatte, transport og trafik, Politiforbundet, Tysk postforbund, Beklædnings- og tekstilarbejderforbundet.
The DGB and its member unions endorse the inalienable rights of the individual to freedom and self-determination.
DGB har sit hovedkontor i Düsseldorf og tæller 9 regionale landsdistrikter, der er opdelt i kreds- og lokalafdelinger.
They are working for a society in which human dignity is respected; they demand the implementation of the United Nations declaration on human rights throughout the world.
Også de enkelte forbund har en nogenlunde tilsvarende struktur.
The unions regard it as one of their prime tasks to cooperate in developing the socially responsible constitutional state and casting society in a democratic mould.
Förbundskongressen, der er DGB's øverste myndighed, fastsættes i henhold til DGB's love og afholdes hvert 3. år på skiftende steder.
The DGB and its member unions have at their disposal an extensive battery of publications - including a weekly newspaper and a monthly magazine which are on public sale - with which to publicise themselves and their policies.
På kongressen er alle forbund under DGB og dets regionale organisationer (landsdistrikter) repræsenteret.
Among trade union establishments the following are of particular importance: the "Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Institut des DGB" (Economic and Social Science Institute of the DGB) and the Hans Bockler-Stiftung" (Hans Böckler Foundation), which is concerned mainly with questions of worker participation and with providing support for young union members wishing to acquire qualifications.
Mellem kongresserne er det Forbundsrepræsentantskabet, der træffer de vigtige afgørelser. Det består af DGB-formanden og de 8 andre medlemmer
In this context mention should be made of two educational institutions supported by the DGB: the "Akademie der Arbeit in der Universität Frankfurt" (institute of Labour Studies within the University of Frankfurt) and the "Sozialakademie" (institute of Social Policy) in Dortmund.
af Forbundsforretningsudvalget, af de 17 forbundsformænd og formændene for de 9 DGB-landsdistrikter.
In addition, some of the DGB member unions have training centres of their own.
Forbundspræsidiet, der består af formanden og med lemmerne af Forretningsudvalget samt af de 17 forbundsformænd, afholder regelmæssigt møder mellem møderne i Forbundsrepræsentantskabet. Alle disse mennesker er valgt på DGB-Forbundskongressen, på kongresserne i DGB-landsdistrikt-erne og på de enkelte forbunds kongresser.
Of particular importance is the close association of the DGB and its member unions with the cooperative movement, particularly the non-profit-oriented undertakings.
DGB's regionale opdeling i landsdistrikter og kredse går igen i de enkelte forbund og spiller i lighed med Forbundsrepublikken Tysklands føderale struktur en væsentlig rolle for fagbevægelsen.
Mention should, finally, be made of the "Bund Verlag", a DGB publishing house concerned mainly with trade union and political literature, and the "Büchergilde Gutenberg", a publishing house engaged in printing and distributing reasonably-priced books.
DGB og dets forbund bekender sig til den enkeltes uindskrænkede ret til frihed og selvbestemmelse.
In Spring 1981 the DGB held an extraordinary congress in Düsseldorf, at which it adopted a new Basic Programme to replace the previous programme dating from 1963.
De tilstræber en samfundsorden, hvor menneskets værdighed respekteres. De kræver, at De forenede Nationers menneskerettighedserklæring overholdes overalt i verden.
In German eyes the purpose of such a programme - which must be continually updated in line with political and social changes - is to set out the objectives of trade union policy and the means to be used in the task of defending workers' interests.
Forbundene betragter det som en vigtig opgave at medvirke til opbygningen af den sociale retsstat og til en demokratisk samfundsudvikling.
It is significant that the DGB and its affiliated unions also recognise a responsibility towards the nation at large.
DGB og de tilsluttede forbund informerer om sig selv og deres politik i en presse i stort oplag, heriblandt en ugeavis og et månedstidsskrift, der sælges offentligt.
In terms purely of outward form, the 1981 Basic Programme displays certain differences of structure as compared with the 1963 Programme.
Af fagbevægelsens institutioner af særlig betydning kan nævnes: "DGB's økonomisk- og socialvidenskabelige Institut" og "Hans Bockler-stiftelsen", der først og fremmest beskæftiger sig med medbestemmelsesspørgsmål og
In fulfilling this task the unions affiliated to the DGB undertake to exercise "rigorous philosophical, religious and political tolerance" so as to demonstrate at all times their independence from governments, political parties, churches and business interests.
stette til akademisk uddannelse af unge med rødder i fagbevægelsen. I denne forbindelse skal nævnes to uddannelsesinstitutioner, der er oprettet af DGB "Akademie der Arbeit in der Universität Frankfurt" og "Sozialakademie" i Dortmund.
The Basic Programme asserts in this connection that: "Only if the workers are united can they hope to act as an effective counterbalance to the economic and political power of the employers".
Forbundsmedlemmernes undervisning og uddannelse varetages af 6 DGB-forbunds-skoler og 10 ungdomsskoler, der er sluttet sammen i en forening med civilretlig status.
With regard to the situation in the Federal Republic, the Preamble to the Basic Programme states that: "Developments have lead to a restoration of the old property and power relations.
Endvidere ejer nogle af de forbund, der er tilsluttet DGB, selv en eller flere uddannelsesinstitutioner.
The concentration of capital continues relentlessly.
Af særlig betydning er DGB's og de tilsluttede forbunds snævre tilknytning til de kooperative virksomheder, især til de almennyttige selskaber.
Small firms are being either forced to the wall or brought under the control of the giants and workers remain very largely excluded from any say in the control of the means of production".
Heri blandt kan nævnes "Bank für Gemeinwirtschaft A.G.", forsikringsselskabet "Volksfürsorge" og virksomhedssammenslutningen "Neue Heimat" med dens bolig- og byplanlægningsselskaber.
The unions are therefore determined to fight for the "extension of worker participation" as a step towards "a fundamental reform of the economy and society which will give workers an equal say in all decisions in the economic, social and cultural spheres."
Endelig kan nævnes "Bund Verlag", et forlag under DGB for overvejende fag lig og politisk litteratur, samt "Büchergilde Gutenberg", ligeledes et forlagsselskab for trykning og distribution af bøger til en fordelagtig pris.
In relation to the promotion of peace and détente internationally, the Preamble makes the following comments: "Détente, disarmament and the preservation of peace are matters of special concern to the Federal Republic, lying as it does in an exposed position at the junction of two alliances.
I foråret 1981 har DGB vedtaget et nyt principprogram på en ekstraordinær kongres i Düsseldorf som afløsning for principprogrammet fra 1963.
The union attitude to international economic cooperation emerges from the following sentences in the Preamble: "The tasks facing us today cannot be accomplished without cooperation and solidarity between individuals, peoples and states.
Efter tysk opfattelse skal sådanne programmer, hvis indhold hele tiden skal revideres som følge af de politiske og sociale forandringer i samfundet, give en beskrivelse af mål og midler for en faglig politik til varetagelse af arbejdstagernes interesser.
Our aim must therefore be to bring into being a political and economic community embracing all the free democratic nations of Europe and to establish close ties between Europe and the rest of the world."
Det er ikke uden betydning, at DGB og de tilsluttede forbund herudover bekender sig til et ansvar over for hele befolkningen. folkningen.
Then again: "If full employment, adequate qualitative and quantitative economic growth and steady growth in income are to be achieved, the world must escape from the straitjacket of national economies through the establishment of a
I programdelen omfatter det 30 hovedpunkter, som dækker endnu et område af hele den økonomiske politik, social- og kulturpolitikken.
The sequence of the thirty points which go to make up the body of the Programme underlines the special importance attached firstly to safeguarding the rights of workers and their unions and secondly to humanizing working conditions.
Hermed gives der udtryk for, at de faglige organisationer, der "er med i udbygningen af demokratiet og er en uundværlig drivkraft for en demokratisk videreudvikling af erhvervsliv og samfund", har en politisk opgave, der ikke er begrænset til den rent materielle varetagelse af arbejdstagernes interesser.
A series of demands - some immediate and others long-term in character - are formulated in three sections: "Worker Rights", "The Employment Relationship" and "The Humanization of Work":
Under opfyldelsen af denne opgave vil DGB's forbund resolut udvise ideologisk, religiøs og politisk tolerance for til enhver tid at demonstrere deres uafhængighed af regeringer, partier, trossamfund og virksomheder.
- In view of its constitutional obligation to ensure justice for all and to promote the welfare of its citizens, the State is in duty bound to lay the foundations for the translation into reality of the right to work and training.
Efter DGB's og dets forbunds opfattelse kan denne opgave kun løses ved hjælp af en fælles organisation omfattende arbejdere, funktionærer og tjenestemænd.
The establishment and maintenance of full employment are vital preconditions for this.
Hertil hedder det i principprogrammet: "Der kan kun etableres en modvægt mod de selvstændige erhvervsdrivendes og arbejdsgivernes økonomiske og politiske magt, hvis der opnås enighed blandt arbejdstagerne".
- Appropriate steps must be taken to enable both men and women to reconcile occupational, family and social commitments.
Om forholdene i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland fastslås det i præamblen til principprogrammet: "Udviklingen... har ført til en genoprettelse af de gamle ejendoms- og magtstrukturer.
- Workers have the right to combine in trade unions. The right of these unions to act freely in the pursuit of such tasks as they may set them selves is an integral and unqualified element of the fundamental democratic order in a free society.
Der sker en fortsat koncentration af kapitalen.
- The trade unions' right to strike is inviolable.