natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
blev medlem af Den europæiske faglige Samarbejdsorganisation.
Europe's duties at international level, particularly in respect of the developing countries."
Med hensyn til CGT i Frankrig skrev formanden for DGB en artikel, der bl.a. omhandlede grundene til, at det havde været muligt at optage det italienske CGIL i EFS: "Det franske CGT må derimod principielt vurderes anderledes.
"The German Christian trade unions are in favour of the social integration of foreign workers on the same social footing as local workers.
Dets politik styres helt klart af Frankrigs kommunistiske parti."
They oppose the social isolation of such workers."
Intet har ændret sig i denne holdning, især da et flertal i EFS ikke finder, at medlemskab af Verdensforbundet af Fagforeninger (WFTU) kan forenes med medlemskab af EFS.
"The influx of workers from countries outside the European Community must be brought into line with the overall economic situation.
DGB afviser, at det spanske Comisiones Obreras tiltræder EFS, og det samme gælder for det portugisiske Intersindical.
"The trade unions have a decisive role to play in the process of European integration.
Trods denne opfattelse, der ikke alene deles af DGB, må man i parentes bemærket regne med, at de amerikanske fagforeninger igen er ved at blive medlem af FFI.
It is therefore the aim of the German Christian trade unions to unite non-socialist European unions in a European organization of Christian and democratic unions.
Siden oprettelsen af De europæiske Fællesskaber (herunder EKSF) er DGB gået ind for tanken om et integreret Europa og har derfor aktivt været med til at udforme den europæiske faglige politik.
"Our reasoned and justified call for the granting of human rights, particularly the German people's right to self-determination, will find attention in the world only to the extent that we ourselves recognize our common German past and assume our historic responsibilities."
Da det første direkte valg til Europa-Parlamentet fandt sted i 1979, forelagde DGB - så at sige som et særligt bidrag til EFS' aktioner - "ti gode grunde for Europa" for arbejdstagerne i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland for at mobilisere dem til dette valg. Heri fremførtes nogle vigtige udsagn:
Unlike the DAG, which is looking for opportunities to cooperate at the European and international level with the organizations in which the DGB plays an important part, the CGB is still sticking to the idea of uniting "non-socialist" (i.e. Christian) European trade unions in one organization, although almost all such unions have been cooperating with the European Confederation of Trade Unions since 1974 and although this cooperation, despite alleged ideological barriers, long ago proved its worth.
Tysklands kristelige Fagforeningsforbund (CGB)
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES - INFORMATION
totalitær målsætning.
Commission of the. European Communities, Rue de la Loi 200. 1049 Bruxelles
Fagforeningsinformation
trade union information
FAGBEVÆGELSEN I
THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT
DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABER
IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
FAGBEVÆGELSEN
THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT
HISTORISK OVERSIGT
BRIEF HISTORY
I første halvdel af 1700-tallet "begyndte faglærte arbejdere og håndværkere i Irland at slutte sig sig sammen, og i 1729 vedtoges de første love om faglige sammenslutninger, som forbød arbejdere at forsøge at presse arbejdsgiverne til at betale højere løn eller nedsætte arbejdstiden.
Skilled workers and artisans in Ireland began combining in the first half of the 18th century, and in 1729 the first Combination Acts prohibiting workers from pressing employers for more pay or shorter hours were passed.
I I76O vedtog det irske parlament en række love, ifølge hvilke arbejdere, som blev fundet skyldige i at slutte sig sammen med det formål at lægge pres på deres arbejdsgivere, blev idømt hårde straffe, f.eks. fængsel og offentlig piskning.
The Irish Parliament in 1760 passed Legislation which imposed severe penalties, including imprisonment and public whipping, for workers found guilty of combining to put pressure on their employer.
I I8OO blev loven om faglige sammenslutninger, der blev vedtaget i det britiske parlament i 1799 og 1800, udvidet til også at gælde for irske arbejdere.
In 1800 Irish workers were bound by the Combination Acts passed in the British Parliament in 1799 and 1800.
Gennemførelsen af disse tvangslove kunne imidlertid ikke forhindre, at arbejderne sluttede sig sammen på lokalt plan, og omkring I84O begyndte lokale foreninger at danne løst opbyggede landsforbund.
Repressive Legislation and its implementation did not succeed in preventing workers combining at local level and by 1840 locallybased organisations began to form loose national organisations.
Irske fagforeningsmedlemmer var med til at danne De britiske fagforbunds Landsorganisation (TUO) i 1868, som afholdt sin årlige kongres i Dublin i I88O og i Belfast i 1893.
Irish union members participated in the foundation of the British TUC in 1868 and the TUC held its Annual Congress in Dublin in 1880 and in Belfast in 1893.
I det britiske TOC beskæftigede man sigdmidlertid kun lidt med irske for hold, og derfor oprettedes De irske fagforbunds Landsorganisation (ITUC) i 1894· I ITUC's førstelongres i Dublin deltog der - som repræsentanter for omkring 22" 000 arbejdere, fortrinsvis faglærte - både irske og engelske delegerede fra de fleste af de faglige organisationer.
There was little time for discussing Irish affairs at the British TUC and an Irish TUC was established in 1894. At the Irish TUC's first Congress in Dublin, delegates attended from most of the unions in Ireland, both Irish and English, representing about 22,000 workers, mostly skilled.
Fra I89O til begyndelsen af 1900-tallet oprettedes der organisationer for ufaglærte arbejdere, hvilket skabte store forhåbninger om en forbedring af arbejdsmændenes vilkår. De to britiskfødte aktivister, James Connolly, som kom til Irland i I896, og Big Jim Larkin, der ankom i I9O7, udgjorde den militante ledelse af de nye organisationer i Irland.
In the period 1890-early 1900s, general unions for unskilled workers were formed and brought great hopes for the advance of general workers.
De var begge fag foreningsledere, og Connolly desuden en avanceret socialistisk teoretiker og politisk aktivist, mens Larkin var en glødende agitator og fremragende forkæmper for de undertrykte.
As well as being trade union organisers, Connolly was an advanced socialist thinker and political activist, and Larkin was a fiery agitator and brilliant propagandist on behalf of the exploited.
Der fandt en historisk lockout sted i Dublin i 1913 på grund af spørgsmålet om ufaglærte arbejderes ret til at tilslutte sig Larkins organisation -Irisk Transport Union (Det irske Transportarbejderforbund), som blev grundlagt i 1909.
A historic Lock-out occurred in Dublin in 1913 over the right of unskilled employees to join Larkin's union - the Irish Transport Union, founded in 1909.
Denne konflikt, som fortsatte gennem hele efteråret 1913 og vinteren 191314, gav anledning til en bitter og ind imellem blodig strid mellem på den ene side de magtfulde arbejdsgivere, som blev støttet af kirken og staten, og de fattigste og svageste af Dublins arbejdere på den anden side. James Connolly beskrev udfaldet som "uafgjort".
This confrontation which continued through the Autumn of 1913 and the winter of 1913-14 saw a bitter, and sometimes bloody, struggle between the powerful employers, backed up by the establishment of Church and State on one hand, and the poorest and weakest of Dublin's workers on the other.
De irske arbejdere, der var hærdede i arbejdskampene i 1913, fortsatte med at organisere sig, og i løbet af ti år havde Transportarbejderforbundet 100 000 medlemmer.
Irish workers, hardened by the struggles of 1913, proceeded to organise industrially and within a decade the Transport Union had 100,000 members.
James Connolly blev henrettet på grund af sin deltagelse i opstanden i I916 mod det britiske styre i Irland. Hans engagement i denne forbindelse blev støttet af nogle fagforeningsfolk, men andre var imod det.
James Connolly was executed for his involvement in the 1916 Rising against British rule in Ireland, and involvement which was supported by some trade unionists and opposed by others.
Efter 1916-opstanden forholdt ITUC sig neutralt i spørgsmålet om irsk hjemmestyre, fordi man ønskede at bevare tilknytningen til de protestantiske arbejdere i Belfast, Irlands eneste egentlige industriby.
In the aftermath of the 1916 Rising, the Irish TUC took no position on the issue of Home Rule for Ireland in order to preserve unity with the Protestant workers of Belfast, Ireland's only industrialised city.
I I923 kom Jim Larkin hjem til Irland efter 9 års ophold i USA, og der op stod heftige uoverensstemmelser mellem ham og Det irske Transportarbejder forbunds fungerende formand, William O'Brien, hvilket førte til en splittelse af forbundet. Der blev oprettet et nyt forbund, Workers' Union of Ireland (Irlands arbejderforening) med Larkin som formand.
In 1923, Jim Larkin on his return to Ireland after nine years in the United States became involved in a bitter dispute with the acting General Secretary of the Irish Transport Union, William O'Brien, which resulted in a split within the Union, and a new union, the Workers' Union of Ireland, was established, with Larkin as its General Secretary.
I øvrigt blev der dannet andre irske organisationer i 1920'erne, - og de britiske forbund vandt stadig større udbredelse i begge de irske stater.
Other Irish-based unions were also established in the 1920s and British unions continued to expand in both States in Ireland.
Det britiske TGWU (Transport and General Workers' Union, Arbejdsmands- og transportarbejderforbundet) oprettedes som organisation for arbejdsmændene i Nordirland.og styrkede desuden sin stilling som det tredjestørste fagforbund i Den irske Fristat, som den hed dengang.
The British TGWU became established as the union for general workers in Northern Ireland, and also consolidated its position as the third biggest union in the then Irish Free State.
Den genopblussende nationalisme i 1930' erne medførte en kampagne mod britiske faglige organisationer i Irland, Nogle af lederne af de irske for bund gik ind for, at de britiske organisationer i Irland skulle forlade landet, og spændingen mellem de irske og de britiske forbund medførte en faktisk og ikke kun tilsyneladende splittelsen inden for ITUC i 1945· 15 irske forbund forlod ITUC og besluttede "at oprette en faglig landsorganisation, bestående af forbund med hovedkontor i Irland".
In the 1930s a resurgence of nationalism saw a campaign against British unions in Ireland. Some Leaders of Irish-based unions were arguing for the withdrawal of British unions from Ireland and the tensions between the Irish- and British-based unions was the real though not ostensible cause of the split in the Irish TUC in 1945.
Den nye organisation blev kaldt Congress of Irish Unions (CIU, Landsorganisationen af irske fag forbund).
Fifteen Irish-based unions left the Irish TUC and decided "to establish a National Trade Union Organisation, composed of unions with headquarters in Ireland".
Det var dog ikke alle irske forbund, der forlod ITUC til fordel for CIU.
The new organisation was
I en beskrivelse af årsagen til splittelsen siger professor Charles McCarthy, Trinity College, at "der allerede fra starten eksisterede en dyb kløft, som det åbenbart var umuligt at slå bro over, mellem på den ene side en katolsk nationalistisk opfattelse, og en mere liberal og moderat social istisk britisk form for fagbevægelsesideologi på den anden side".
Describing the background to the split, Professor Charles McCarthy of Trinity College says, "the divide already existed, profound and apparently irreconcilable between Catholic Nationalist sentiment on the one hand, and on the other the more liberal, mildly socialist British form of trade unionism".
Congress of Irish Trade Unions var næsten udelukkende en organisation for Republikken Irlands område, eftersom over SOfo af de fagligt organiserede i Nordirland ikke var medlemmer af irske fagforbund, og den eneste kontakt, der var mellem de protestantiske fagforbund i nord og forbundene i syd, foregik gennem ITUC.
Since over 90% of trade unionists in Northern Ireland were members of non-Irish based unions, the Congress of Irish Trade Unions was almost exclusively a Republic of Ireland organisation, and the only links between Protestant trade unionists in the North and trade unionists in the South, were through the Irish TUC.
Den irske fagbevægelses opsplitning i to landsorganisationer varede i fjorten år.
The division of the Irish trade union movement into two Congresses lasted for fourteen years.
I 1953 blev der imidlertid nedsat et fælles udvalg med henblik på en sammenslutning, og i 195^ oprettedes det midlertidige fælles organ for den irske fagbevægelse, som inden tre år skulle udarbejde love for en fælles landsorganisation. I 1959 sluttedes ITUC og CIU sammen i Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU, Den irske faglige Landsorganisation), om fattende begge organisationer.
In 1953 a Joint Unity Committee was established, and in 1956 the Provisional United Organisation of the Irish Trade Union Movement was set up to prepare a Constitution for a united body within three years.
I ICTU's nye love anerkendes de britiske fagforbunds stilling i Irland, men samtidig knæsattes princippet om fuld autonomi i forbindelse med irske anliggender.
The new Constitution of the ICTU recognised the position of British based trade unions in Ireland while insisting on autonomy in relation to Irish Affairs.
ICTU's ny formand, Jim Larkin Junior, understregede på ICTU's første kongres behovet for samarbejde: "Vi må fortsat have forståelse for hinandens synspunkter og arbejde sammen".
The incoming President of the ICTU, Jim Larkin Junior (a son of "Big Jim") stressed the need for co-operation at the first ICTU Conference; "We must continue to understand each other's point of view and work together".
En undersøgelse foretaget af Irish Congress Trade Unions viste, at der - i I978 - var 89 fagforbund i Irland med et samlet antal medlemmer på 465 000.
An Irish Congress of Trade Unions survey showed that there were 89 unions (1978) in the Republic of Ireland with a total membership of 465,000.
Dette tal udgør 62% af arbejdsstyrken, og ifølge EUROSTATs Sociale Indikatorer er der således tale om den tredje højeste organisationsgrad i EF.
This figure represents 62% of the workforce and, according to Eurostat Social Indicators, represents the third highest organisational density in the E.E.C.
70 af de i alt 89 forbund er tilsluttet Irish Congress of Trade Unions.
Of the 89 unions, 70 were affiliated to the Irish Congress of Trade Unions.
Disse 70 forbund repræsenterer ca. 93% af de fagligt organiserede arbejdere i Irland.
These 70 unions represent about 93% of the organised workers in the Republic.
Ud af det samlede antal fagligt organiserede i Irland er 247 100, eller 53%, medlemmer af de 6 arbejdsmandsforbund. ITGWU (Irish Transport and General Workers Unj,on, Det irske arbejdsmands- og transportarbejderforbund) repræsenterer med et medlemstal på 133 999 29% af samtlige fagligt organiserede i Irland.
Of the total membership in the Republic 247,100, or 53%, is from the six General Unions.
Der er 18 organisationer, som ikke er tilsluttet Irish Congress of Trade Unions.
There were 18 trade unions not affiliated to the Irish Congress of Trade Unions.
Kun fire af disse organisationer har over 2 000 medlemmer: Irish Bank Officials Association (Det irske bankfunktionærforbund), Irish Nurses' Association (Det irske sygeplejerskeforbund), Marine Port and General Workers Union (Havnearbejder- og arbejdsmandsforbundet) og National Busmens Union (Buskonduktørernes og -chaufførernes forbund).
Only four of these unions had a membership of more than 2,000 (Irish Bank Officials Association, Irish Nurses Organisation, Marine Port and General Workers Union and the National Busmens Union).
Syv af de ikke-tilknyttede organisationer har under I50 medlemmer.
Seven of the unaffiliated unions had a membership of less than 150.
Den nedenfor anførte tabel viser den størrelsesmæssige fordeling af faglige organisationer i Irland i 1978.
The following table sets out a distribution of trade unions in 1978 in the Republic jby size of union.
De nedennævnte organisationer er de ti største under Irish Congress of Trade Unions i Irland (tallene er fra 1982)1
The following are the ten largest unions affiliated to the Irish Congress of Trade Unions in the Republic (1982 Figures).
Irish Union of Distributive Workers and Clerks (Det irske forbund for arbejdere og kontorfunktionærer inden for distributionsvirksomhed) Irish National Teachers Organisation (De irske læreres landsforening) forening)
Irish Transport and General Workers Union Federated Workers Union of Ireland Irish Union of Distributive Workers and Clerks Irish National Teachers Organisation Association of Scientific Technical and Managerial Staffs National Engineering and Electrical Trades Union Local Government and Public Services Union Amalgamated Transport and General Workers Union Post Office Workers Union Civil and Public Services Staff Association
I dag (1982) er der fyrre nordirske organisationer tilsluttet Irish Congress of Trade Unions, hvilket svarer til over °Ό% af alle fagligt organiserede i Nordirland.
Moreover, it is exempt from taxation of its income arising from members' subscriptions and is also free from legal proceedings with regard to its internal affairs.
Fagforeninger, der ikke er registreret, besidder i civil og strafferetlig henseende den immuni tet, som loven fra I87I hjemler, men de nyder ikke de registrerede fagfore ningers yderligere privilegier, hvilket vil sige, at det kun er de personer, som repræsenterer ikke-registrerede fagforeninger, der kan sagsøge eller blive sagsøgt.
possess all the civil and criminal immunities arising from the 1871 Act but do not enjoy the extra privileges of the registered unions, e.g. they can sue and be sued only in the names of representative persons.
Der blev oprettet et register for gensidige forsørgelsesforeninger i Dublin, da den irske fristat blev grundlagt. Nogle år senere fastslog Højesteret, at fagforeningerne skulle registreres i Dublin, hvis de ønskede at nyde godt af registreringeprivilegierne, også selv om de allerede var registreret i Det forenede Kongerige.
A registry of Friendly Societies was established in Dublin when the Irish Free State came into existence: Some years later the High Court held that unions must be registered in Dublin if they wished to enjoy the privileges of registration even though they were already registered in the United Kingdom.
Fagforeningsloven fra 1941 fastsatte, at ingen sammenslutning kan forhandle lønspørgsmål og arbejdsvilkår, medmindre den er anerkendt som forhandlings berettiget af arbejdsministeren.
The Trade Union Act, 1941, laid down that no body of persons may negotiate about wages and working conditions unless it held a negotiating licence issued by the Minister for Labour.
Denne anerkendelse kan kun tildeles de fag foreninger, der er registreret i henhold til irsk lov, eller til organisa- j tioner, som er lovligt anerkendt som fagforeninger i et andet land, hvor de har deres hovedkontor, selv om de ikke er registreret i henhold til irsk lov.
Licences may be issued only to unions registered in accordance with Irish Law or to unions which, though not registered under Irish Law, are recognised as trade unions by the law of another country in which its headquarters are located.
Den første kategori omfatter en række tjenestemandsforeninger, de fleste "virksomhedsorganisationer" og foreninger tilsluttet et fællesråd.
The first category includes a number of civil service associations, most "house" unions and unions which form part of a Federation.
Den anden kategori omfatter alle de fagforeninger, der har hovedkontor uden for landets grænser.
The second category includes all the unions whose headquarters are outside the State.
Den tredje kategori omfatter registrerede fagforeninger, som er tilsluttet et forhandlingsberettiget landsforbund.
Category three includes registered unions which are members of a licensed federated union.
Den fjerde kategori omfatter de almindelige irske fagforeninger undtagen dem, hvis medlemmer er statsansatte.
A second method employed is that of common action by all or some of the unions in an industry for the purpose of collective bargaining.
En anden metode går ud på, at alle eller nogle af organisationerne inden for en industrigren fører fælles overenskomstforhandlinger.
are appointed to a central committee which acts as a common negotiating body.
Hver enkelt af de repræsenterede organisationer har ret til at godkende eller afvise udvalgenes beslutninger.
Each component union is free to accept or reject decisions of the committees.
Irish Congress of Trade Unions opfordrer til dannelse af sådanne grupper. En tredje metode er at danne fællesråd som f.eks. Civil Service Alliance (Tjenestemandsorganisationen).
The Irish Congress of Trade Unions encourages the formation of such groups.
I visse tilfælde slutter selvstændige fagforeninger sig sammen og danner én ny organisation, hvor ved de ophører med at eksistere enkeltvis.
In some cases separate unions amalgamate with each other to form one new union thereby terminating their own separate existence.
Foruden de netop nævnte metoder til at løse problemerne i forbindelse med de mange forskellige faglige organisationer spiller de lokale fællesorganisationer og Irish Congress of Trade Unions en vigtig rolle i forbindelse med koordineringen af organisationernes arbejde på lokalt og nationalt plan.
Apart from the foregoing methods of dealing with the multiunion problem the local trades councils and the Irish Congress of Trade Unions are particularly important in co-ordinating the work of unions at local and national level.
Der er foretaget en række vigtige sammenlægninger i de senere år med sammen slutningen af Workers Union of Ireland (Irlands Arbejderforbund) og Federated Rural Workers (Sammenslutningen af arbejdstagere i landbruget) som den mest bemærkelsesværdige. Dette førte til dannelsen af en ny organisation, Federated Workers Union of Ireland (Sammenslutningen af arbejderforbund i Irland). Som et andet eksempel kan nævnes sammenslutningen af Irish Actors Equity (Det irske skuespillerforbund) og Irish Transport and General Workers Union (Det irske arbejdsmands- og transportarbejderforbund).
A number of important amalgamations have taken place in recent years, the most notable being between the Workers Union of Ireland and the Federated Rural Workers.
ICTU (Den irske faglige landsorganisation) har oprettet koordineringsudvalg bestående af repræsentanter for fællesorganisationerne og medlemmer af ICTU*s forretningsudvalg, som skal koordinere landsorganisationens og fællesorganisationernes virksomhed på områder, man er blevet enige om.
Congress has established a co-ordinating committee comprising representatives of Trades Councils and Congress Executive Council members, to co-ordinate Congress and Trade Councils activities in areas that have been agreed.
Irish Congress of Trade Unions er hovedorganisationen på arbejdersiden i Irland.
policy on the basis of motions submitted by affiliated organisations or the Executive Council.
Forretningsudvalget vælges på den årlige kongres og sidder et år ad gangen.
The Executive Council is elected at the Annual Conference and holds office for one year.
Valget foregår efter forholdetaisprincippet.
The election is on the basis of proportional representation.
Mens delegationernes størrelse afhænger af det enkelte fagforbunds medlemstal, gennemføres valget til For retningsudvalget efter et system, hvorved de mindre forbund sikres en for holdsvis større indflydelse på beslutningstagningen end ellers.
While delegations' size is decided by the membership of the union, this is arranged on a scale which ensures that smaller unions have a proportionably greater voice in influencing decisions.