natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det socialt integrerede Europa, som i dag er et af Fællesskabets mål, er allerede en realitet på flere punkter, hvis vigtigste aspekter behandles i det følgende.
Equal treatment for males and females;
Fri bevægelighed for arbejdstagere
Entitlement to information, consultation and participation of workers ;
Skabelsen af et rigtigt fælles arbejdsmarked, hvor den enkelte statsborger kan tage beskæftigelse i en anden medlemsstat uden at støde på begrænsninger forbundet med hans nationalitet, er et af de primære mål for Fællesskabets virke.
Social Charter; and by resolution of 13 September 1990 , in addition to suggesting the initiatives which should be taken as a matter of priority in the social field, it recommended, inter alia, an extension of Community competence in the social field, more systematic recourse to the cooperation procedure and the establishment of a European Labour Court.
44 fællesskabspagten om de rettigheder (KOM(89) 0568
Action programme for implementation of the Community Charter of fundamental social rights for workers, COM(89) 568 def.
Faktisk fastsættes det i EØF-Traktaten, at Fællesskabets institutioner blandt andet har til opgave at fjerne hindringerne for den frie bevægelighed for personer (artikel 3, litra c).
The creation of a genuine common labour market, in which every citizen has access to employment in another Member State of the Community without encountering restrictions based on his nationality, is one of the primary aims of Community action.
Mere specielt indeholder Traktaten bestemmelser for en ordning for beskyttelse af den frie bevægelighed for lønmodtagere (artikel 48 ff.), som indebærer fjernelse af enhver i nationaliteten begrundet forskelsbehandling af medlemsstaternes arbejdstagere for så vidt angår beskæftigelse, aflønning og øvrige arbejdsvilkår og giver borgerne ret til frit at bevæge sig inden for medlemsstaternes område for at søge faktisk tilbudte stillinger og til at tage ophold i en af medlemsstaterne for dér at have beskæftigelse samt til at blive boende på en medlemsstats område efter at have haft ansættelse dér.
The EEC Treaty includes among the institutional tasks of the Community that of eliminating all obstacles to freedom of movement for persons (Article 3(c)); in particular, it provides for rules governing the free movement of employed persons (Article 48 et seq.), which involves the abolition of any discrimination based on nationality as between workers of the Member States in matters of employment, pay and other working conditions, and upholds the right of citizens to move freely within the territory of the Member States to respond to offers of employment, to reside in Member States in order to engage in employment and to remain there after working there.
Medlemsstaterne kan træffe foranstaltninger til begrænsning af disse ordninger ud fra hensynet til den offentlige orden, den offentlige sikkerhed og den offentlige sundhed (også selv om Domstolen har statueret, at dette forbehold ikke retfærdiggør generelle administrative foranstaltninger, som kræver andre grænseformaliteter end den blotte forevisning af et gyldigt identitetskort eller pas .
Those provisions may be limited by the Member States on grounds of public policy, security and public health (even though the Court of Justice has held that that reservation does not justify any administrative measure which imposes generally other frontier formalities than production of a valid identity card or passport ) .
I øvrigt gælder bestemmelserne ikke for ansættelser i den offentlige administration.
Nor do they apply to employment in the State administration.
I sidstnævnte henseende anmodede Kommissionen i en henstilling af 18. marts 1988 medlemsstaterne om at "åbne" sådanne offentlige tjenestegrene for de europæiske borgere, som ikke er direkte forbundet med en direkte udøvelse af offentlig magt og med beskyttelsen af statens generelle interesser (f.eks. politiet, dommerstanden, diplomatiet), og den pegede i denne forbindelse på sundhedssektoren, undervisning, forskning til civile formål og selskaber, der har til opgave at forvalte kommercielle tjenesteydelser, som de områder, hvor fællesskabsborgerne så hurtigt som muligt burde have lige adgang til ansættelse i nationale offentlige administrationer.
In that sphere, the Commission, in a recommendation of 18 March 1988, invited the Member States to "open up" to the citizens of Europe those sectors of the civil service which are not directly linked with the direct exercise of public authority and protection of the general interests of the State (such as, for example, the police, judiciary and diplomatic service) and mentioned the health services, education, research for non-military purposes and the bodies entrusted with management of commercial services as areas in which Community citizens should without delay enjoy equal employment opportunities within the national public administrations.
Beskyttelsen af arbejdskraftens frie bevægelighed har stor social indvirkning, idet der hermed sikres arbejdstagerne mulighed for at forbedre deres leve- og arbejdsvilkår samt deres stilling i samfundet.
The safeguarding of freedom of movement for workers has an important social impact, in so far as it guarantees workers the possibility of improving their living and working conditions and of achieving social promotion.
Forordning 1612/68 af 15.10.1968 er knyttet til dette perspektiv, idet der i denne forordning fastsættes bestemmelser med henblik på gennemførelse af princippet om ligestilling, ifølge hvilket enhver statsborger i en medlemsstat har ret til at udøve en lønnet beskæftigelse i en anden medlemsstat på samme vilkår som sidstnævnte lands egne statsborgere og til at have samme rettigheder og forpligtelser i social og skattemæssig henseende.
Linked with that issue is Regulation 1612/68 of 15.10.196848, which provides for rules for implementation of the principle of equal treatment, whereby every citizen of a Member State is entitled to undertake remunerative employment in another Member State under the same conditions as those which apply to the citizens of that country, and has the same rights and obligations in social and tax matters.
På grundlag af denne forordning har den vandrende arbejdstagers familie ret til at bosætte sig i værtslandet på den betingelse, at arbejdstageren råder over en acceptabel bolig.
Under that regulation, the family of a migrant worker is entitled to establish itself in the host country provided that the worker has adequate accommodation.
Vandrende arbejdstagere har samme ret til bopæl som borgerne i værtslandet, og deres børn har adgang til skole- og erhvervsuddannelse på samme vilkår
In that connection, following an opinion from the European Parliament of 14.2.1990, a proposal was made for a review of the regulation
Jf. f.eks. dom af Domstolens Afgørelser EFT nr. L 257 af EFT nr. C 119/90.
Official Journal No L 257 of 19.10.68.
Endvidere har vandrende arbejdstagere siden 1976 kunnet melde sig ind i fagforeninger og ligeledes haft adgang til faglig uddannelse.
Migrant workers enjoy the same entitlement to accommodation as that enjoyed by citizens of the host country, and their children are entitled to basic and vocational education under the same conditions as those of the host country; moreover, with effect from 1976, they may join trade unions and have access to vocational training.
Forordning nr. 1251/70 sikrer de vandrende arbejdstageres ret til at blive boende i en anden medlemsstat efter at have haft beskæftigelse dér. Deres familier har samme ret (sædvanligvis også efter, at arbejdstageren er afgået ved døden).
Regulation No 1251/70 guarantees migrant workers the possibility of continuing to reside in a Community country, other than their own, in which they have worked, after ceasing their activity; the members of their families enjoy the same right (which, in general, they maintain even if the worker dies).
Fri bevægelighed indebærer også social sikring for vandrende arbejdstagere.
Freedom of movement also involves the need for a social security system for migrant workers.
Forordning (EØF) nr. 1408/71 og 574/72 51tager sigte på at sikre denne kategori (og fra 1982 også selvstændige erhvervsdrivende) samme behandling som nationale arbejdstagere.
EEC Regulations Nos 408/81 and 574/72 are designed to ensure that migrant workers (and, as from 1982, members of the professions) have the same treatment as that applied to nationals.
Dette betyder, at den vandrende arbejdstager i sit oprindelsesland bevarer de erhvervede rettigheder og har ret til at sammenlægge de perioder, i hvilke han har betalt socialsikringsbidrag og pensionsbidrag med henblik på nydelse og beregning af de sociale ydelser.
This means that a migrant worker maintains his vested rights in his country of origin and is authorized to aggregate social security and pension contribution periods for the purpose of receiving and calculating social benefits.
Fællesskabet har desuden gjort en indsats for at forbedre de vandrende arbejdstageres generelle leve- og arbejdsvilkår. I 1977 vedtog Rådet et direktiv om skolegang for børn af vandrende arbejdstagere , og via Socialfonden finansieres der projekter vedrørende faglig uddannelse og undervisning i sprog for vandrende arbejdstagere og deres familier.
Community action has also been directed towards improving general living and working conditions of migrant workers: in 1977, the Council approved a directive on the education of the children of migrant workers and financing is provided from the Social Fund for vocational training projects and language teaching for migrant workers and their families.
per er ligeledes blevet taget hensyn til problemerne for grænsearbejdere , for hvilke Europa-Parlamentet tidligere havde anmodet om, at der blev taget passende initiativer.
Consideration has also been given to the problems of cross-frontier workers , for whom the European Parliament had requested appropriate initiatives at an earlier stage.
Fællesskabet har bl.a. beskæftiget sig med spørgsmål i tilknytning til bevægeligheden for arbejdstagere fra tredjelande, hvis antal i øjeblikket skønnes at være på over 8 millioner.
The Community has considered, among others, matters relating to the mobility of non-Community workers, of whom there are at present estimated to be more than 8 million.
EFT nr. L 199 af 6.8.1977 (jf. Kommissionens meddelelse K0M(85) 529).
Commission Communication (COM(85) 529).
Kommissionens forslag til direktiv om midlertidig beskæftigelse, K0M(82) 0155 endelig udg. EFT nr. C 34/76. KOM(85) 48.
See the proposal for a Commission directive concerning temporary work, doc. COM(82) 155 def.
racistiske og fascistiske tendenser i Europa, som ofte er vendt mod vandrende arbejdstagere fra fællesskabslande og tredjelande, fik Parlamentet til at nedsætte et undersøgelsesudvalg, som skulle have til opgave at se nærmere på dette problem.
A specific programme in that connection was adopted by Council resolution of 9.2.1976 ; in addition, the European Social Fund participates in the financing of projects for vocational retraining and social integration of non-Community migrant workers.
Fri etableringsret og fri bevægelighed for tjenesteydelser
In 1985 the Commission also submitted a proposal for a resolution (subsequently adopted by the Council on 13.6.1985) which in part also affects non-Community migrant workers; it envisages measures to combat xenophobia and racism, and deals with legal aid and information.
Muligheden for frit at udøve ikke-lønnet erhvervsvirksomhed er fastlagt i Rom-Traktatens artikel 52-58 (med de samme begrænsninger begrundet i hensynet til den offentlige orden, den offentlige sikkerhed og den offentlige sundhed, som dem der er fastsat for lønmodtageres vedkommende).
The European Parliament was one of the most vigorous supporters of that resolution, thus refocusing attention on the problem of migrant workers (in general), regarding whom an earlier resolution had been adopted in 1983.
Der gælder samme bestemmelser for fri bevægelighed for tjenesteydelser (artikel 59-66), som adskiller sig fra den frie etableringsret, for så vidt som den ikke indebærer fast ophold i en anden medlemsstat.
The worrying increase in racist and fascist tendencies in Europe, which are often directed against Community and non-Community migrant workers, prompted the Parliament to set up a committee to study this problem.
I praksis lægger de enkelte medlemsstaters forskellige krav med hensyn til faglige kvalifikationer hindringer i vejen for udøvelsen af disse rettigheder.
On completion of its task, that committee presented a report which served as a basis for a European Parliament resolution of 16 January 1986 on the fight against racism and xenophobia .
Derfor har man siden 1960'erne gennem talrige direktiver fastsat bestemmelser for etableringsretten og/eller retten til frit at yde tjenesteydelser i forskellige sektorer, og man er på denne måde nået frem til gensidig anerkendelse af erhverv som f.eks. erhvervet som læge, sygeplejerske, tandlæge, fødselslæge, dyrlæge, apoteker og mange andre erhverv i handelsektoren, håndværkssektoren og sektoren for tjenesteydelser.
The Parliament returned to this question with a resolution of 14 June 1990 in which, referring to the Council resolution on the fight against racism and xenophobia of 29 May 1990 , it drew attention to the need to draw up a common policy on migration, and a resolution of October 1990 .
Dette initiativ har ikke været tilstrækkeligt, idet der endnu ikke er tale om gensidig anerkendelse af andre erhverv.
Freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services
For at omgå denne hindring foreslog Det Europæiske Råd i Fontainebleau at iværksætte en ny fase, fase nr. 2, for den gensidige anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser, hvormed målet var en generel ligestilling af erhvervsfaglige eksamensbeviser og diplomer.
The right freely to engage in professional activities as a self-employed person is provided for in the Treaty of Rome in Articles 52-58 (subject again to certain limits based on grounds of public policy, security and public health, which are applicable to employed persons); the same provision is made (in Articles 59-66) for freedom to provide services, which differs from freedom of establishment in that it does not involve permanent residence in another Member State.
Rådet vedtog derfor den 21. december 1988 et direktiv om indførelse af en generel ordning for gensidig anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser for erhvervskompetencegivende videregående uddannelser af mindst tre års varighed for erhverv, der endnu ikke var omfattet af specifikke direktiver .
In practice, the exercise of those freedoms is impeded by the various conditions laid down by each Member State regarding professional qualifications.
Det princip, der ligger til grund for direktivet (som vedrører ca. 100 erhverv), er princippet om gensidig anerkendelse af eksamensbeviser for videregående uddannelser udstedt i medlemsstaterne.
For that reason, since the 1960s steps have been taken, in the form of numerous directives, to lay down rules governing the right of establishment and/or the right to provide services in numerous sectors: thus, the mutual recognition of professional qualifications has been achieved, for example, for doctors, nurses, dentists, obstetricians,
Hvis uddannelserne eller
O.J. No C 34/76.
C 36 af C 175 af C 157 af C 284 af L 19 af
O.J. No C 175 of 16.7.90.
deres længde er for forskellige, kan en person, der ønsker at udøve et bestemt erhverv, anmodes om at aflægge en egnethedsprøve eller om at aftjene en prøvetid (for juridiske discipliner er en egnethedsprøve obligatorisk).
Where training programmes or the duration thereof diverge excessively, a person seeking to practise a particular profession may be required to take an aptitude test or undergo a period of training (for the legal professions, an aptitude test is compulsory).
Med et forslag fra august 1989 fastsatte Kommissionen bestemmelser for en generel ordning for gensidig anerkendelse, som 99s^ omfattede eksamensbeviser for uddannelser på under tre års varighed .
In a proposal of August 1989, the Commission made provision for a general system of recognition which extended to diplomas in respect of training for a period of less than three years .
Også her kan værtslandet, hvis der er tale om betydelige forskelle mellem de forskellige uddannelsessystemer, kræve bevis på erhvervserfaring, aftjening af en prøvetid eller aflæggelse af en egnethedsprøve.
In this case too, if the differences between the various training systems are significant, the host Member State may require vocational experience, a period of adjustment or an aptitude test.
Kampen mod arbejdsløshed
Measures to combat unemployment
De økonomiske fordele som følge af integrationen inden for Fællesskabet har bevirket en sænkning af gennemsnitsarbejdsløshedsprocenten fra 10,8% i 1986 til 8,7% i begyndelsen af 1990.
The economic advantages deriving from Community integration have made it possible to reduce the average level of unemployment from 10.8% in 1986 to 8.7% at the beginning of 1990.
Dog synes denne udvikling ikke at have gavnet de langtidsledige (personer, der har været arbejdsløse i over et år), som udgør over halvdelen af det samlede antal arbejdsløse i Fællesskabet, idet det er blevet vanskeligere for dem, at komme ind på arbejdsmarkedet, ofte på grund af utilstrækkelige erhvervsfaglige kvalifikationer, eller fordi de kommer fra dårligt stillede sociale grupper.
However, no benefits appear to have accrued to the long term unemployed (those who have been without work for more than a year) who account for more than half the total number of unemployed in the Community; they find greater difficulty in re-entering the labour market, often because of their inadequate vocational training or because they come from disadvantaged social backgrounds.
I øvrigt giver ungdomsarbejdsløshed også anledning til bekymring, navnlig i de lande, hvor unge arbejdsløse udgør en stor procentdel af det samlede antal arbejdsløse, hvilket f.eks. er tilfældet i Italien og Spanien.
The problem of juvenile unemployment remains a matter of concern, particularly in those countries where unemployed young people account for a large percentage of the total number of job seekers, as in Italy and Spain.
For at søge at imødegå denne sociale plage, som rammer de svage kategorier hårdest (kvinder, gamle og handicappede), har Fællesskabet forsøgt at træffe foranstaltninger med henblik på bekæmpelse af arbejdsløsheden, især ungdomsarbejdsløshed og langtidsledighed.
In an attempt to cure this social malady, which mainly affects the weakest categories (women, older people, handicapped people), the Community has adopted measures to combat unemployment, in particular juvenile and longterm unemployment.
Det vigtigste instrument i denne forbindelse er Den Europæiske Socialfond (jf. EØF-Traktatens artikel 123-128 og 130 A-E), som efter 1989-reformen skal koordinere sin virksomhed med de øvrige strukturfonde, dvs. Regionalfonden (EFRU) og landbrugsfonden (EUGFL) .
The principal means resorted to is the European Social Fund (see Articles 123-128 and 130A-E of the EEC Treaty), which, after the 1989 amendments , should coordinate its activity with that of other structural funds, such as the regional fund and the agricultural fund.
Socialfonden koncentrerer sin virksomhed både omkring vanskeligt stillede regioner og omkring personkategorier, navnlig unge arbejdsløse (idet der herved forstås arbejdsløse på under 25 år) og langtidsledige (dvs. personer på over 25 år, som har været arbejdssøgende i over ét år).
The Social Fund focuses its activities on regions experiencing difficulties, both for specific categories of people, in particular young people (people under 25) and longterm unemployed (people aged over 25 who have been seeking work for more than one year).
Fonden bidrager til finansieringen af projekter inden for faglig uddannelse og fagligt orienteret uddannelse samt af foranstaltninger til fremme af ansættelser i faste eller nye jobs og til iværksættelse af selvstændig virksomhed.
It contributes to the financing of vocational training and vocational guidance activities and measures to encourage recruitment into stable employment or newly created jobs and the promotion of self-employed activities.
Kommissionen vedtog den 18. december 1990 tre initiativer
On 18 December 1990 the Commission launched three initiatives qualifying for grants from the structural funds - primarily the Social Fund - intended to increase employment and vocational training opportunities for the most disadvantaged categories.
, hvortil der kan ydes støtte via strukturfondene, først og fremmest Socialfonden. Formålet med initiativerne er at øge beskæftigelses- og erhvervsuddannelsesmulighederne for de dårligst stillede kategorier.
Those measures relate respectively to the development of new specializations, new skills and new employment possibilities (EUROFORM), the promotion of equal opportunities for women in employment and vocational training (NOW) and aid for certain disadvantaged groups (HORIZON).
Foranstaltningerne vedrører henholdsvis udviklingen af nye kvalifikationer, ny kompetence og nye beskæftigelsesmuligheder (EUROFORM), fremme af lige muligheder for kvinder inden for beskæftigelse og erhvervsuddannelse (NOW) og hjælp til visse dårligt stillede grupper (HORIZON).
In the context of Community action to combat unemployment, mention should be made of the action taken by the ECSC, Article 56 of whose Constitutive Treaty provides for grants to iron and steel workers in specified circumstances (unemployment, early retirement, internal transfer, external refresher courses and vocational training) and loans for industrial conversion projects to promote employment. In view of the serious crisis
Som følge af den alvorlige krise i sektoren, som sides 1970*erne har medført gennemgribende omlægninger og et kraftigt fald i beskæftigelsen, er der truffet midlertidige særforanstaltninger til fordel for arbejdstagerne i denne sektor.
in this sector, which has brought about far-reaching reorganization since the 1970s and a steep fall in employment, special temporary measures have been taken for the benefit of workers in those industries.
Rådet har vedtaget talrige resolutioner, som navnlig tager sigte på at fremskynde vedtagelsen af foranstaltninger med henblik på erhvervsuddannelsen af unge (især inden for informationsteknologier), fremme af ungdomsbeskæftigelsen og bekæmpelse af langtidsledighed. Blandt disse resolutioner skal opmærksomheden henledes på resolutionen af 30.11.1989 om oprettelse af et europæisk observationsorgan for beskæftigelse for at gøre det muligt at udarbejde strategier med henblik på oprettelsen af nye arbejdspladser i de sektorer, der er berørte af gennemførelsen af det indre marked.
Numerous Council resolutions have been directed in particular to seeking the adoption of measures for vocational training for young people (above all in the field of information technology), the promotion of employment for young people, and the fight against longterm unemployment; worthy of mention is the resolution of 30.11.1989 which establishes a European agency to monitor employment, so that strategies can be developed to create new jobs in the sectors affected by completion of the internal market.
Europa-Parlamentet har i lang tid været aktivt involveret i bekæmpelsen af arbejdsløsheden, der anses for at være et af de alvorligste sociale problemer, Fællesskabet har til opgave at løse.
The European Parliament has for a long time been actively committed to the fight against unemployment, this being regarded as the most serious social problem which the Community must resolve.
I april 1983 afholdt Parlamentet en ekstraordinær mødeperiode om bekæmpelsen af arbejdsløsheden, og det har siden vedtaget talrige beslutninger om emnet, først og fremmest med det sigte at tilskynde medlemsstaterne til at iværksætte mere effektive beskæftigelsespolitikker.
In April 1983, the Parliament held a special session devoted to the fight against unemployment and subsequently approved numerous resolutions, directed in particular to persuading the Member States to implement more effective employment policies.