natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Han var stærkt optaget af, at genstandstegning ikke skulle være frihåndstegning, men derimod nøjagtige opmålte tegninger. 
He worked to improve the drawings of architecture and artifacts in order to make them as accurately measured and professionally drawn as possible.
Fugmann udførte også flere fine akvareller af byen Hama, som i dag udgør en vigtig information om Hama i 1930’erne. 
He also painted many watercolours of the old town of Hama, which have served as important documentation of a place that has regrettably mostly disappeared.
Med tiden blev han en ledende figur ved siden af udgravningslederen Harald Ingholt. 
Over time he became a leading figure in the project alongside its director, Harald Ingholt.
Fugmann har bl.a. beskrevet arkitekturfund fra den før-hellenistisk periode i Hamas udgravningsrapporter. 
His main publication is of the pre-Hellenistic Periods of occupation at Hama.
Fugmann var ansat ved Holmens Bygningsvæsen og som arkitekt tegnede han pavillonen i Den Kongelige Skydeselskabs Have. 
Fugmann was employed by Holmen’s Building Administration and designed the pavilion in The Royal Shooting Society’s garden.
Derudover tegnede han industribygninger og enfamilieshuse, samt møbler, tæpper, sølvtøj og tryksager. 
He also designed industrial buildings and family homes, as well as furniture, carpets, and silverware.
• Deltog i Hama udgravningen i 1935-sæsonen. 
• Participated in the excavations during the 1935 season.
• Hjortsø var cand.mag. i græsk og latin og var i en årrække ansat som lærer i de klassiske fag ved Ålborg Katedralskole. 
• Hjortsø had a degree in Greek and Latin and was for many years a teacher of classical studies at Ålborg Cathedral School.
Senere blev han lektor i klassisk filologi ved Københavns Universitet fra 1968-78. 
Later he became a lecturer in Classical Philology at the University of Copenhagen (1968-78).
Ved siden af undervisningen har Hjortsø også oversat klassisk græsk litteratur og haft stor betydning for formidlingen af denne. 
In addition to teaching, his translations of classical Greek literature served to popularize this material within the broader Danish society.
Han skrev tillige en del håndbøger i græsk og romersk mytologi samt en række bøger om græsk kunst og teater. 
He also wrote handbooks on Greek and Roman mythology, as well as a series of books on Greek art and theater.
• Arbejdede som fotograf på Hama udgravningen i sæsonerne 1932-38. 
• Served as photographer from 1932 to 1938.
Hornemann var billedhugger og havde tilknytning til Nationalmuseets Etnografiske Samling, hvor hun bl.a. modellerede hoveder efter livsmasker af mongoler, som var indsamlede af Hastlund-Christensen ekspeditionen. 
Hornemann was a sculptress and was connected to the Ethnographic Collection at the National Museum.
• Leder af Hama udgravningerne i alle sæsonerne, 1931-38. 
• Leader of the Hama Expedition during its entirety.
• Ingholt havde studeret semitisk-østerlandsk filologi på Københavns Universitet, og senere blev han cand.theol. og dr.phil. Han havde desuden foretaget studier i Paris og havde tilknytning til Princeton universitetet i USA. 
• Ingholt studied Semitic and Oriental Philology at The University of Copenhagen.
I 1920’erne deltog han i udgravninger i Palmyra i Syrien, som resulterede i en doktorafhandling i 1928 om skulpturer fra Palmyra. 
Ingholt took part in the excavations at Palmyra, in Syria, in the 1920s, and his doctoral dissertation was on the sculpture from that important site.
Fra 1925-30 var Ingholt underdirektør ved Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek og sekretær i Carlsbergfondet fra 1927-30. 
He served as Assistant Director of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Museum from 1925 to 1930, and was Secretary of the Carlsberg Foundation from 1927 to 1930.
Efter Hama udgravningerne blev han docent i hebraisk ved Århus Universitet til 1941. 
In 1941 he became Professor of Hebrew at Århus University.
Ingholt var blandt de første, som skrev om Syriens arkæologiske historie, og han var med til at grundlægge studiet i nærorientalsk arkæologi i Danmark. 
Ingholt was one of the first to write about the archaeology of Syria and he laid the foundation for the study of Near Eastern Archaeology in Denmark.
Han evnede at komme godt overens med alle nationaliteter og samfundslag. 
He was able to get along well with people of all nationalities and walks of life.
Hama udgravningen var ligefrem kendt som den eneste udgravning i Levanten på dette tidspunkt, hvor man ikke ”rev hovederne af hinanden”, som en kilde fortæller i bogen ”Hama: Danske arkæologers udgravninger i Syrien” af Poul Jørgen Riis. 
The Hama Project was known as the only excavation in the Levant at the time in which the participants weren’t “at each other’s throats”, as a source related to Poul Jørgen Riis in his book, Hama: Danske arkæologers udgravninger i Syrien.
• Arbejdede som konservator samt forefaldende arbejde på Hama udgravningen i alle sæsoner, 1931-38. 
• Served as a conservator and in other assorted jobs for the duration of the project, from 1931 to 1938.
• Uddannet malermester og sandsynligvis autodidakt konservator. 
• He was a trained house painter and probably a self-taught conservator.
Jensen havde stor erfaring med arbejde i Orienten. 
Jensen had extensive experience of working in the Near East.
• Deltog som arkæologistuderende på Hama udgravningen i sæsonerne 1931-32. 
• Participated as an archaeology student during the seasons of 1931 and 1932.
• Poulsen blev dr.phil. i klassisk arkæologi ved Københavns Universitet i 1937. 
• Poulsen received a Ph.D. in Classical Archaeology from The University of Copenhagen in 1937.
Hans arbejde på Ny Carlsberg Glyptoteket stod som et forbillede for en række europæiske museer. 
His work at the museum stood out as a model for a number of European museums.
Udover en nyopstilling af museets genstande, foretog han også diverse foranstaltninger for at forbedre museets forhold til publikum i form af forskellige arrangementer, så som koncerter, omvisninger og foredrag. 
In addition to new ways of displaying museum objects, Poulsen took various measures to improve the museum’s relationship with its patrons through various events, such as concerts, guided tours, and lectures.
Poulsen foretog mange studierejser til Italien, Grækenland og Tyrkiet før og efter anden verdenskrig. 
Poulsen took many study trips to Italy, Greece, and Turkey before and after the Second World War.
Han har også været sekretær ved Carlsbergfondet og bestyrelsesmedlem for C. L. Davids Fond og Samling. 
He also served as secretary of the Carlsberg Foundation and as a board member for the C.L. Davids Fund and Collection.
Poulsen var kendt gennem hele sit virke som en humanist med vidtspændende interesser og engagement. 
Poulsen was known throughout his working life as a humanist with wide ranging interests and engagement.
Herefter blev han professor i klassisk arkæologi ved Århus Universitet fra 1949-56 og ved Københavns Universitet fra 1956-75. 
He served as a professor of classical archaeology at Århus University from 1949 to 1956, and then at The University of Copenhagen from 1956 to 1975.
• Arbejdede som arkitekt på Hama udgravningen i sæsonerne 1932-33. 
• Served as an architect during the 1932 and 1933 campaigns.
• Rohweder var uddannet arkitekt fra København Kunstakademi i 1929. 
• Rohweder graduated in 1929 from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts with a degree as an architect.
Desuden har han designet møbler, heriblandt kurvemøbler. 
He also designed furniture, including wicker furniture.
• Arbejdede som arkæolog på Hama udgravningen i 1933-sæsonen. 
• Served as an archaeologist during the 1933 campaign.
• Scott havde studeret ved Barnard College og ved Oxford. 
• Scott received degrees from Barnard College, in New York City, and Oxford.
Scott underviste også ved Columbia Úniversitet og har været redaktør for publikationer omhandlende Ægypten. 
She was employed at the Metropolitan Museum in New York City, where she became Curator of the Department of Egyptian Art in 1968.
• Arbejdede som arkitekt på Hama udgravningen i sæsonerne 1934-35 og i 1938. 
• Served as an architect for the seasons of 1934 to1935, and 1938.
Tchalenko var russisk arkitekt og ekspert i byzantinsk kirkearkitektur. 
Tchalenko was a Russian architect and expert on Byzantine church architecture.
I 1930’erne og 1940’erne var han leder af en ekspedition, som havde til hensigt at studere romersk-byzantinske byer i det nordlige Syrien. 
In the 1930s and 1940s, he led an expedition to study the Roman-Byzantine “dead cities” in Northern Syria.
Tchalenko har desuden foretaget en del restaureringsarbejder. 
He also assisted with restoration work at Hama.
Med dem kunne de, på afstand, nedlægge skovens store dyr såvel som fugle og mindre pelsdyr. 
These could be used from a distance to bring down the forest’s large animals, as well as birds and smaller mammals.
Pilenes udformning varierede alt efter formålet men også over tid. 
The arrow’s shape varied according to the target, but also through time.
Fugle var yndede byttedyr. 
Birds were popular quarry.
Jagten på dem foregik året rundt men blev især praktiseret ved efterårs- og forårstid. 
Bird hunting took place all year round, but especially during the spring and autumn.
Fra nogle bopladser kender man store forekomster af svaneknogler navnlig fra sangsvanen. 
Large collections of swan bones, particularly from the whooper swan, are known from some settlements.
Ud over at være kødfulde har svaner eftertragtede skind med fjer og dun. 
As well as being rich in meat, swans have a much sought-after skin with its feathers and down.
Hvis man plukkede skindet fri for fjer og lod dunene sidde, kunne man garve skindet og anvende det til blødt og varmt undertøj. 
If the skin was plucked free of feathers and the down was left intact, the skin could be tanned and used to make warm and soft under garments.
Fund af pile med kølleformede hoveder viser, at man i nogle tilfælde gjorde sig anstrengelser for ikke at ødelægge fuglenes skind. 
Finds of arrows with club-shaped heads show that in some cases special effort was made not to destroy the bird’s skin.
Dyrene døde af chokket fra slaget. 
The animals died from the shock of the hit.
Sådanne pile kunne også bruges til mindre pelsdyr. 
These kinds of arrows could also be used for hunting small fur-coated mammals.
Man færdedes mest til fods, på heste- eller æselryg, og til større transporter benyttede man kameler. 
Movement was mainly on foot, horseback or donkeyback; camels were used for the transportation of bulky items.
Elektrisk lys forekom i begyndelsen af ekspeditionen kun i boliger hos borgmesteren og amtmanden samt i bygninger tilhørende militæret og Sarai ‘et. 
Electricity was introduced at the beginning of the expedition, but initially only to the houses of the mayor and other city officials, military installations, and to the ‘Azm Palace.
Derfor måtte man bruge stearinlys og petroleumslamper om aftenen. 
Other residents had to make do with candles and kerosene lamps.
Hvis man skulle ringe, foregik det enten i suq’en (basaren) eller på posthuset. 
Telephone calls could only be made in the suq (marketplace) or at the post office.
En karakteristisk lyd fra byen var lyden af de mange vandhjul langs Orontesfloden, som udgjorde byens vandforsyning. 
A characteristic noise heard throughout the town was the sound of the many waterwheels, which provided water to the town from the Orontes River.
Efter at vandet var blevet trukket op af vandhjulene, blev det ledt ud i åbne akvædukter i de forskellige kvarterer. 
The water wheels brought the water up from the river into open aqueducts, which served the various quarters of the town.
Floden var ofte optaget af kvinder, som vaskede tøj, og det var derfor nogen gange vanskeligt for arkitekten Ejnar Fugmann at finde en plads, hvor han kunne male sine akvareller af byen. 
The river banks were often lined with women washing clothes, so that it could be difficult for the architect Ejnar Fugmann to find a place where he could paint his watercolours of the town.
Vest for byhøjen lå et område, kaldet Bab al-Qubli. 
West of the mound lay the quarter known as Bab al-Qubli.
Efter arabernes erobring af Syrien i 636 byggede man en moske over kirken. 
During the Ummayad Caliphate (661-750), this building was enlarged to become “The Great Mosque” that stands today.
Man kan se rester af både templet og kirken indeni moskeen. 
Vestiges of both the Roman temple and the Christian church can still be seen within the mosque.
Her lå også en af byens få hoteller med en lille café foran. 
The ‘Azm Palace was built by the Ottoman governor as his residence in 1742.
Fra 1740-43 er der bevaret et osmannisk statholderpalads (Azm paladset), der i dag fungerer som arkæologisk museum. 
Considered one of the most beautiful Ottoman Period buildings in Syria, today it serves as an archaeological museum.
Hvis du vil vide mere om Hamas forskellige bygninger, kan du se under akvareller af 1930'ernes Hama. 
If you want to learn more about the various buildings of Hama, see Fugmann's watercolour.
Der var omkring 50.000 indbyggere i Hama i 1930’erne. 
Around 50,000 people lived in Hama in the 1930s.
I det ældste kvarter Al-Madina (”byen”), boede de kristne, som udgjorde ca. en femtedel af indbyggerne. 
Christians, who made up 20% of the population, lived in the al-Madina (“the city”) quarter, the oldest neighborhood in the town.
De fleste gik orientalsk klædt med undtagelse af nogle få mænd fra højere samfundslag, som bar europæisk dragt, dog med fez - en kegleformet hat med flad top. 
Most inhabitants wore traditional Near Eastern garb; some members of the elite wore Western suits, along with the Ottoman fez hat.
Kvinder var iført sort slør, der dækkede ansigt, nakke og skuldre. 
Most women wore veils that covered their face, neck and shoulders, or more voluminous robes that covered their whole bodies.
Handlen var koncentreret omkring tekstiler og lædervarer, som bl.a. blev solgt til beduiner fra ørkenområderne. 
Commerce was concentrated on textiles and leather goods, which were mostly sold to the Bedouins from the neighboring desert regions.
Hama var også kendt for at have det bedste marked for heste i hele Syrien. 
Hama was also known as the best market for horses in all of Syria.
Under Eid al-Kabir festivallen afholdt man hestevæddeløb og forskellige andre konkurrencer. 
Horse races and other contests were held during the Eid al-Kabir Festival.
De arabiske fuldblodsheste blev opdrættet af beduinerne, der betegnede hestene som en gave fra Allah. 
Purebred Arabian horses were bred by the Bedouin, who considered them a gift from Allah.
Den arabiske fuldblodshest egner sig godt til tørre og varme områder, og Syrien har en lang og stolt tradition for opdræt af araberheste. 
These famous horses thrived in dry, hot conditions, and Syria had a long and proud tradition of breeding Arabian horses.
Der afholdes stadig hestekonkurrencer i Hama ved festivaller (sidst i 2010), hvor den smukkeste hest bliver kåret af kyndige hestekendere. 
Horse competitions have continued to be held in Hama during festivals (most recently in 2010), where the most beautiful horse is chosen by knowledgeable horse lovers.
Du kan se flere eksempler på Fugmanns akvareller under de forskellige menuer i venstre side. 
You can enjoy other examples of Fugmann’s watercolours by clicking on the menu bar to the left.
Tyngdekraften sørgede for, at vandet løb fremad i akvædukterne til moskeerne og til cisterner, som var tilknyttet husene. 
Gravity led the water along the aqueducts to its destination in various parts of the town such as mosques and cisterns connected to houses.
Vandhjulene leverede også vand til kunstvanding af omkringliggende haver og marker. 
Water was also directed to the irrigation of nearby gardens and agricultural fields.
Adgangen til vandet var nøje justeret, således at vandet kunne blive ligeligt fordelt. 
Carefully worked out schedules regulated access to the water so that it could be shared.
Det største vandhjul, Na’ura al-Muhammadiya, måler næsten 20 m i diameter. 
The largest water wheel, Na’ura al-Muhammadiya, measures around 20 meters in diameter.
Dette vandhjul ledte vand, via en stor akvædukt med 32 buer, til Den Store Moske. 
It provided water for the Great Mosque via an aqueduct with 32 arches.
Na’ura al-Muhammadiya stammer fra 1361. 
Na’ura al-Muhammadiya was built in 1361 CE.
Der hersker nogen usikkerhed omkring, hvornår de første vandhjul blev bygget. 
It is not clear when the first water wheels were built.
Omkring 1900-tallet var der mere end 50 vandhjul i Hama, og i 1930’erne var der omkring 20 i alt langs floden. 
Around 1900 there were more than 50 water wheels in Hama.
Et mindre stykke mangler nederst på figuren til venstre, mens figuren herunder har mistet kroppen fra halsen og ned. 
An example missing part of its “torso” is illustrated to the left, while the alabaster figurine below is broken just below the eyes.
Figurerne, som er kun er 3-4 centimeter høje, er mere end 5000 år gamle og stammer fra det nordøstlige Syrien, nærmere bestemt oldtidsbyen Nagar som i dag kaldes Tell Brak. 
These objects, some of which are only 3-4 centimetres in height, are more than 5000 years old and come from the archaeological site of Tell Brak, the ancient city of Nagar, in northeastern Syria.
Se Tell Brak på Google Maps (linket åbner i et nyt vindue). 
See Tell Brak on Google Maps (the link opens in a new window).
Lignende figurer blev fundet i den syriske by Hama, der fra 1931-38 blev udgravet af arkæologer fra Nationalmuseet under ledelse af Harald Ingholt. 
Similar objects have been found at the Syrian site of Hama, excavated from 1931 to 1938 by archaeologists from The National Museum under the direction of Harald Ingholt.
Figuren til venstre er i rød terrakotta, 21 cm høj og har udborede øjne. 
The figure to the left is made of red terracotta, is 21 centimetres in height, and has drilled “eyes”.
Den er fra perioden mellem 5000 og 2500 f.Kr. 
It dates to around 3000 BCE.
Øjen-idolerne fra Tell Brak er desværre ikke udstillet, men figuren fra Hama kan ses på Nationalmuseet i Antiksamlingens udstilling, rum 320. 
The Eye Idols from Tell Brak are unfortunately not on display; however, the figure from Hama can be seen at the National Museum in room 320 of the exhibition of Ancient Near Eastern and Classical Antiquities.
De første mennesker i Amerika var i slutningen af istiden indvandret fra det nordøstlige Asien. 
At the end of the Ice Age the first inhabitants of America arrived from north-eastern Asia.
I de efterfølgende årtusinder udviklede de eskimoiske kulturer sig i de arktiske egne i nord og i egnene syd herfor de indianske kulturer. 
In the following millennia Eskimo cultures developed in the Arctic regions of the north and Indian cultures to the south of this.
I Nordamerika findes indianske minoriteter, der trods moderne udvikling holder en del indianske traditioner i hævd. 
In North America Indian minorities still exist, which uphold many of the Indian traditions.
Dette gælder således både efterkommere af præriens bisonjægere og den oprindelige fiskerbefolkning - nordvestkyst-indianerne - langs Canadas Stillehavskyst, som er berømt for deres udskårne træfigurer og masker. 
These include both descendants of the buffalo hunters of the plains and the indigenous fishing peoples, the Indians of Canada’s Pacific coast, who are well known for their carved wooden figures and masks.
I de senere år har de nordamerikanske indianere undergået kulturel genopblomstring, fx med Powwow - de på én gang traditionelle og moderne dansefester. 
In recent years North American Indians have experienced a cultural renaissance, for example, with their pow-wows – the dance festivals which are both traditional and modern.
Disse riger blev hurtigt undertvunget af de spanske erobrere, der etablerede deres koloniadministration og indførte kristendommen. 
These empires were quickly subjugated by the Spanish invaders, who established colonial administration and introduced Christianity.
Spanierne plyndrede rigerne for store mængder af guld og sølv, som førtes til Europa. 
The Spaniards plundered the empires of their abundant gold and silver, which was then transported to Europe.
De før-spanske (præ-columbianske) kulturer kendes især gennem de arkitektoniske ruiner og rige arkæologiske fund. 
The pre-Spanish (pre-Columbian) cultures are known especially for their architectural ruins and their wealth of archaeological finds.
Et paveligt dekret fra 1494 delte den nyopdagede verden mellem opdagelsestidens to stormagter, Spanien og Portugal. 
A papal decree of 1494 divided the newly discovered world between the two great powers of the period of discovery, Spain and Portugal.
En del af disse indianere, som hidtil havde levet i små uafhængige samfund, blev tvangsindlemmet i de europæiske plantagesamfund langs Atlanterhavs-kysten, medens andre længe bevarede deres frihed i baglandets skove. 
Many of these Indians, who until then had lived in small independent communities, were forcibly incorporated into the European plantations along the Atlantic coast, whilst others were able to preserve their freedom in the forests of the interior.
Den spredte indianske befolkning slog ikke til som arbejdskraft i sukkerplantagerne, og portugiserne begyndte snart at importere slaver fra deres kolonier i Afrika. 
The scattered Indian population did not provide a sufficient workforce for the sugar plantations and the Portuguese soon began to import slaves from their colonies in Africa.
Det var dette samfund befolket af portugisere, indianere og afrikanere, som i en periode i 1600-tallet kom under hollandsk herredømme. 
It was this society, populated by Portuguese, Indians and Africans, that came under Dutch control in the 1600s.
Den hollandske general-guvernør Johan Moritz af Nassau-Siegen medbragte videnskabsmænd og kunstnere, som skulle dokumentere, hvad de mødte i den nye koloni. 
The Dutch governor general Johan Moritz of Nassau-Siegen brought along scientists and artists to document what they encountered in the new colony.
Maleren Albert Eckhout fik til opgave at portrættere koloniens forskellige befolkningsgrupper, samt at afbilde de mange nye tropiske afgrøder. 
The painter Albert Eckhout was given the task of producing portraits of the colony’s various peoples, together with depicting the numerous new tropical crops.
Johan Moritz forærede efter tilbagekomsten til Europa flere af disse malerier til sin slægtning, den danske konge Frederik III. 
On returning to Europe, Johan Moritz presented many of these paintings to his relation, the Danish king Frederik III.
Læs om film fra Syd- og Mellemamerika 
Visit the Ethnographic Collections at the National Museum in Copenhagen.
Geografisk inddeles Oceanien i tre områder: Mod sydvest Melanesien med verdens næststørste ø Ny Guinea, mod nordvest Mikronesien, og mod øst Polynesien med Hawaii i nord og Ny Zealand i syd. 
Oceania is geographically divided into three areas: to the south-west is Melanesia with the world’s second largest island of New Guinea, to the north-west is Micronesia and to the east Polynesia, including Hawaii in the north and New Zealand in the south.
Desuden henregnes Australien ofte til Oceanien. 
In addition, Australia is often regarded as being part of Oceania.
Allerede for mere end 40.000 år siden var Ny Guinea befolket af mennesker fra hvem Melanesiens papuansk-talende folk nedstammer. 
As early as over 40,000 years ago, New Guinea was populated by people from whom Melanesia’s Papuan-speaking inhabitants are descended.
For ca. 5.000 år siden begyndte austronesisk-sprogede folk fra Sydøstasien at sprede sig i Oceanien. 
Around 5000 years ago, the Austronesian-speaking peoples from South-East Asia began to spread themselves out over Oceania.
Deres talent for kanobyggeri og navigation gjorde dem meget mobile, og de blev forfædre til befolkningerne i Polynesien, Mikronesien og visse dele af Melanesien. 
Their talent for building canoes and navigation made them very mobile and they became the ancestors of the inhabitants of Polynesia, Micronesia and certain parts of Melanesia.
Efterhånden opstod der mange lokale sprog og der skete en vis blanding af de forskellige befolkningsgrupper i det vidtstrakte område. 
Subsequently many local languages arose and there was a mixing of the various groups of peoples over an extensive area.