natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Du kan også få historien om Guldhornene fra Gallehus – læs her hvordan Danmarks største guldskat fra oldtiden blev fundet, og hvordan den forsvandt. 
You can also get to know the story of the Golden Horns from Gallehus - read here how Denmark’s largest gold treasure from the prehistoric period was found and how it disappeared.
Guldhornene er nogle af de mest omtalte fund fra Danmarks oldtid. 
Amongst the most famous finds from Danish prehistory are the Golden Horns.
Dels er de unikke, dels har deres skæbne været meget dramatisk. 
Not only are they unique; their story has also been a very dramatic one.
Guldhornene 
The Golden Horns
Den 42 cm høje træfigur fra Rude Eskildstrup i Midtsjælland blev fundet i 1880’erne stående lodret i en mose. 
The 42 cm high wooden figure from Rude Eskildstrup in central Zealand was found in the 1880s standing vertically in a bog.
Dels er de unikke, dels har deres skæbne været meget dramatisk. 
These are not only unique; their story has also been a very dramatic one.
Guldhornene blev lavet omkring år 400 e.Kr. De var udsmykket med både romerske og nordiske motiver. 
The Golden Horns were made around the year 400 AD and were decorated with both Nordic and Roman motifs.
Deres samlede vægt var næsten syv kilo. 
The combined weight of the horns was nearly 7 kg.
Det lange horn blev fundet 1639 ved Gallehus nær Møgeltønder i Sønderjylland. 
The long horn was found in 1639 at Gallehus, near Møgeltønder, in Southern Jutland.
Få meter borte fandt man i 1734 det korte horn med runeindskriften ekhlewagastiR : holtijaR : horna : tawido, på nudansk ”Jeg Lægæst, Holts søn (eller fra Holt), gjorde hornet”. 
A few metres away the short horn was found in 1734.
Derfor er mange detaljer usikre. 
Therefore many details are uncertain.
De krumme kopier, som blev fremstillet i 1859-60, er for store, men viser antagelig den rigtige form, mens det snoede sæt fra 1970’erne har den rigtige størrelse. 
The copies made in 1859-60 are too large, but presumably show the proper shape, while the twisted set from the 1970s have the right size.
Om motiverne skal opfattes som en lang fremadskridende fortælling er uvist. 
It is unclear whether the motives can be interpreted as a long and unfolding story.
Blandt figurerne ses forskellige ”menneskedyr”, kentaurer, mennesker med hornede hjelme, springende dyr, ryttere og en trehovedet øksebærende figur. 
The figures include various creatures: centaurs, humans with horned helmets, jumping animals, riders and a three-headed figure carrying an axe.
Alt i alt en sammenblanding af hemmelighedsfulde motiver, der kan være svære at afkode i nutiden. 
A mixture of cryptic motifs are represented, which are difficult to decode today.
Det antages ofte, at figurerne afspejler forskellige myter med et for os delvist ukendt indhold. 
It is often assumed that the figures reflect different myths, which to us have an unfamiliar content.
Den første tolkning af motiverne blev foretaget af Ole Worm i 1600-årene. 
The first interpretation of the motifs was undertaken by Ole Worm in the 17th century.
Han mente, at det længste horn var en krigsbasun fra Frode Fredegods tid, og at billederne fungerede som en formaning til menneskene om dyd og gode sæder. 
He believed that the longest horn was a war trumpet from King Frode Fredegod’s time, and that the pictures functioned as an exhortation to people about virtue and good morals.
Tilbage var blot tegninger af klenodierne, og det er disse tegninger, der ligger til grund for de senere kopier. 
All that remained of the precious items were drawings, and it is these drawings that the later copies are based upon.
Den store usikkerhed, som er forbundet med guldhornenes oprindelige udseende, kunne fjernes, hvis man havde adgang til de afstøbninger af guldhornene, der blev lavet i samtiden. 
The great uncertainty associated with the original appearance of the Golden Horns could be removed if the casts of the Golden Horns, made before their theft and destruction, could be found.
Men disse afstøbninger var, som selve guldhornene, forfulgt af uheld. 
However, like the Golden Horns, these casts were also plagued by bad luck.
Et sæt afstøbninger forliste efter alt at dømme med et skib, der var på vej til kardinal Stephano Borgia i Italien. 
By all accounts, one set of casts sank with a ship on its way to Cardinal Stephano Borgia in Italy.
Et andet sæt afstøbninger blev sendt til professor Böttiger i Dresden, Tyskland, men disse gik dog også tabt. 
Another set of casts was sent to Professor Böttiger of Dresden in Germany, but these were also lost.
Og selve støbeformene, ja de blev kasseret, da man ikke mente, at de havde nogen værdi. 
The casting moulds were even discarded as they were not thought to be of value.
Men natten mellem den 4. og 5. maj 1802 blev der begået et indbrud. 
However, on the night between the 4th and 5th of May 1802 a break-in occurred.
Tyven stjal begge hornene, som han umiddelbart efter omsmeltede. 
The thief stole both horns and then melted them down.
Forbryderen var Niels Heidenreich, der var tidligere dømt for falskmøntneri. 
The culprit was Niels Heidenreich, who had previously been convicted of forging coins.
Guldet blev brugt til at lave efterligninger af indiske mønter og spænder. 
The gold was used to make copies of Indian coins and buckles.
Det ene par øreringe er udstillet sammen med kopierne af guldhornene. 
Today these can be seen at the Museum in Ringe and the National Museum.
På Statens Arkivers hjemmeside kan du læse politiets korrespondance omkring tyveriet af guldhornene i 1802. 
One of the pairs of earrings is exhibited in the exhibition about Danish Prehistory, together with copies of the Golden Horns.
Efter de originale guldhorn blev stjålet og ødelagt i 1802, kom turen til kopierne. 
After the original Golden Horns were stolen and destroyed in 1802, the copies took their place.
Ved en særudstilling i Kongernes Jelling nær Vejle i efteråret 2007 blev kopierne stjålet sammen med en ravbjørn og en halsring af guld. 
In the autumn of 2007 at a special exhibition at the museum Royal Jelling, near Vejle, the copies were stolen, together with an amber bear and a gold neck ring.
Tyvene havde forinden skaffet sig en stige, så de kunne komme ind gennem et vindue. 
The thieves had managed to find a ladder in order to get through a window.
I udstillingen smadrede de en sikkerhedsmontre med en økse. 
Once in the exhibition area they smashed a reinforced display case with an axe.
Heldigvis blev tyvene hurtigt anholdt, hvorefter alle genstandene kom for dagens lys igen. 
Luckily the culprits were quickly arrested and afterwards all the objects came to light again.
Ravbjørnen og det ene guldhorn havde ikke taget skade, mens det andet guldhorn havde mærker efter en sav i den spidse ende. 
The amber bear and one of the Golden Horns were undamaged, but the other Golden Horn was left with saw marks on its pointed end.
Guldhalsringen var til gengæld brudt i flere stykker, hvoraf en del stadig mangler. 
The gold neck ring had also been broken into a number of pieces and some of these are still missing.
Bopladsen bestod af en stormandsgård omgivet af op mod 50 mindre gårde. 
The settlement consisted of a magnate’s farm surrounded by nearly 50 smaller farms.
Et stykke herfra blev bygdens døde begravet, og ude ved kysten ved Lundeborg lå en tilhørende handelsplads. 
Some distance from here the settlement’s dead were buried and on the coast at Lundeborg lay an associated trading place.
I alt har der nok boet omkring 500 mennesker på bopladsen. 
In all around 500 people lived at the settlement.
Flere religiøse stednavne tyder på, at Gudme – ”gudernes hjem” – også var et center for den hedenske kult; det antydes af navne som Galdbjerg og Albjerg, som betyder hhv. ”offerbjerget” og ”helligdomsbjerget”. 
Several religious place names suggest that Gudme (“home of the gods”) also was a centre for a heathen cult.
Stormanden i Gudme var fyrste eller måske endda konge over et større område. 
The magnate at Gudme was a prince or perhaps even a king of a large area.
Han byggede sandsynligvis sin velstand og magt på afgifter fra de omkringliggende gårde i den rige bygd og fra handelspladsen ved Lundeborg. 
He probably built up his prosperity and power by levying taxes upon the farms located at the rich settlement and the trading place at Lundeborg.
Det er således i Gudme, at vi for første gang ser kimen til de magtstrukturer, som kom til at karakterisere jernalderens og vikingetidens samfund. 
Thus at Gudme we see for the first time evidence of the power structure, which came to characterize the societies of the Iron Age and Viking periods.
Bonavista er en skonnert. 
Bonavista is a schooner.
Skibet har netop gennemgået en støre renovering i Marstal, hvor den i sin tid blev bygget. 
The ship has just undergone a large-scale renovation at Marstal, where it was originally built.
Sluppen Ruth er i dag hjemhørende i Holbæk Havn. 
The Sloop Ruth is today based at the Viking Ship Museum’s harbour at Roskilde.
Skibet sejles og vedligeholdes af en gruppe frivillige, der hver sommer sejler rundt i de danske farvande. 
The ship is sailed and maintained by a group of volunteers, who every summer sail around Danish waters.
Arkæologiske udgravninger i de seneste 25 år har afsløret, at mange af guld- og sølvskattene oprindeligt blev gemt inde på selve gårdsanlæggene. 
Archaeological excavations in the last 25 years have revealed that many gold and silver treasures were originally hidden in the farm buildings.
Fund af håndværksaffald og metalskrot viser desuden, at guld- og sølvsmedene havde deres arbejdsplads netop her. 
Finds of craftsmen’s waste and metal scraps also show exactly where gold and silversmiths had their workshops.
Andre steder i Gudme er der fundet depoter af romerske sølvmønter og af sølv- og bronzeskrot i form ituklippede fade og afbrækkede dele af romerske statuer. 
At other locations at Gudme finds have included depositions of Roman silver coins, together with silver and bronze scrap in the form of cut-up dishes and broken-off pieces of Roman statues.
Det var netop kontakten med det romerske imperium og importen af varer herfra, som var kilden til Gudmes velstand. 
This contact with the Roman Empire and the importation of its products was the source of Gudme’s prosperity.
Af de ca. 50 guldskatte, der er fundet i Danmark fra yngre jernalder, er flere fundet i egnen omkring Gudme. 
Of the total of around 50 gold hoards from the Late Iron Age which have been found in Denmark, many have come from the Gudme area.
Den største hal var 47 m lang og 10 m bred, og denne bygning var på alle måder usædvanlig. 
The first hall was 47 m long and 10 m wide and exceptional in all respects.
Taget blev båret af otte sæt kraftige stolper, væggen var bygget af brede planker, og indgangene midt for huset var så brede som porte. 
The roof was born by eight sets of sturdy posts, the walls were made up of wide planks and the entrance in the middle of the house was as broad as a gateway.
I midten af huset var der et stort åbent rum. 
In the middle of the house was a large open room.
Hallen blev opført i anden halvdel af 3. årh. e.Kr. og var i brug i ca. 100 år. 
The hall was built in the second half of the 3rd century AD and was in use for around 100 years.
Fundene fra området med de monumentale bygninger var også af en helt særlig karakter. 
The finds from the area of the imposing buildings were also of a very special character.
Det er dette aristokratiske miljø, vi skal forestille os i hallen ved Gudme. 
These finds reflect the aristocratic environment that we can imagine existed in the hall at Gudme.
Metallerne havnede bl.a. i Gudme, hvor de blev smeltet om og omformet til udsøgte genstande i skandinavisk stil. 
Some of the metals ended up at Gudme, where they were melted down and formed into coveted objects in a Scandinavian style.
De første skattefund blev gjort i 1800-tallet, og allerede på dette tidspunkt udmærkede fundene sig ved at være usædvanligt rige. 
The first finds of treasure were made in the 1800s and they stood out at the time as being unusually splendid.
I de seneste 25 år har amatørarkæologernes flittige brug af metaldetektorer frembragt mængder af nye fund fra egnen omkring Gudme. 
In the last 25 years amateur archaeologists using metal detectors have also recovered quantities of new finds from the Gudme area.
Undersøgelserne afslørede, at også jernalderens mennesker valgte at bygge deres haller her! 
Archaeological excavations revealed that the people of the Iron Age also chose to build their halls here!
Mange vikinger gik også rundt med tandproblemer. 
Many Vikings also suffered from tooth problems.
Mere end en fjerdedel af befolkningen havde nemlig huller i tænderne (karies) eller tandtab. 
More than a quarter of the population had holes in their teeth.
Fund af kranier viser, at langt de fleste vikinger manglede flere tænder. 
Finds of crania show that most Vikings had several teeth missing.
I flere tilfælde var der kun et par enkelte tilbage, da døden indtraf. 
In a number of cases only a couple of teeth were left by the time that death occurred.
Fra Europas middelalder findes der flere skriftlige kilder, der beskriver, hvordan planter blev brugt til sygdomsbehandling. 
There are many written sources from the European Middle Ages, which describe how plants were used to treat illnesses.
Desværre kan vi kun gisne om vikingernes viden om planter og deres helbredende virkning. 
However, we can only guess what knowledge the Vikings had of plants and their curative effects.
Det var hårdt at være viking. 
Life was hard for a Viking.
På runesten og i forskellige skriftlige kilder kan man læse om blodige dramaer og forældre, som sørger over dræbte sønner. 
On rune stones and in various written sources we can read about bloody dramas and parents who mourned for lost sons.
Flere forskellige fund vidner om, at der var tid til hyggeligt samvær og til at mødes i festligt lag. 
Various finds testify to the fact that they set aside time for social and festive gatherings.
Der blev spillet spil som brætspil og terninger. 
Board games and games of dice were played.
Ved festlige lejligheder har historiefortællinger, skjaldekvad, musik og alkoholiske drikke som øl og mjød bidraget til stemningen. 
On festive occasions storytelling, skaldic poems, music and alcoholic drinks, like beer and mead, contributed to the atmosphere.
I mere stille stunder greb vikingerne til brætspil, som var et populært tidsfordriv i alle samfundslag. 
During quieter periods the Vikings played board games, which were a popular pastime at all levels of society.
Bevarede spillebrikker og -brætter viser, hvor højt vikingerne værdsatte spillet. 
Preserved gaming pieces and boards show how highly the Vikings valued such activities.
De smukkeste brætter blev lavet af træ med kunstfærdige udskæringer, mens brikkerne hovedsageligt blev fremstillet af sten, træ og ben. 
Attractive games boards were made of wood, featuring elaborate carvings, whilst the pieces were mainly made from stone, wood and bone.
Også glas, tak og rav blev benyttet til brikker samt materialer af så fremmed herkomst som elfenben og hvalrostand. 
Glass, antler and amber were also used for gaming pieces, together with materials of foreign origin, such as ivory and walrus tusk.
Fra skriftlige kilder ved vi, at vikingerne spillede hnefatafl og nitavl (i dag mølle), og i slutningen af vikingetiden dukkede skak også op. 
From written sources we know that the Vikings played “hnefatafl” and “nitavl” (Nine Men’s Morris) and chess also appeared at the end of the Viking period.
Hnefatafl er et krigsspil, hvor det går ud på at fange en kongebrik – en stor fjendtlig hær truer, og kongens mænd skal beskytte kongen. 
Hnefatafl is a war game, in which the object is to capture the king piece – a large hostile army threaten and the king’s men have to protect the king.
Det blev spillet på et bræt med kvadratiske felter med sorte og hvide brikker, og man trak efter terningekast. 
It was played on a board with squares using black and white pieces, with moves made according to dice throws.
Selvom spillet foregik i afslappede stunder, lærte vikingerne måske også at planlægge et angreb? 
Even if the game took place at times of relaxation, perhaps it could also teach the players how to plan attacks?
Dengang fandtes der også ludomaner, der ikke kunne nøjes med at spille for sjov. 
There were also gambling addicts in the Viking period who were not satisfied merely to play for fun.
Dengang som i dag gik kvinderne efter et godt parti. 
Just like today, women in the Viking period sought a suitable partner.
Sagaerne er fulde af kvinder, der konkurrerer om, hvem der har den bedste mand. 
The sagas are filled with stories of women competing over who has the best man.
Kærligheden varede dog ikke altid ved. 
However, love did not always last.
Men så var det godt, at Norden var et foregangsland, når det gjaldt ligestilling. 
So it was good that Scandinavia was a pioneering region when it came to equal opportunities.
Vikingekvinden havde både ret til at vælge sin ægtemand og til at vælge ham fra igen, hvis hun ønskede. 
The Viking woman could choose a husband and later decide not to marry him after all, if she so wished.
Dele af ligestillingen haltede dog noget. 
However, there were limits to the extent of these equal opportunities.
Det var for eksempel kun forundt mændene at optræde på tinge (i retten) i vikingetiden. 
For example, only men could appear in court in the Viking Age.
Kvindernes verden var centreret omkring hjemmet og gården. 
The woman’s world was centred around the home and the farm.
Når manden blev kaldt på togt, overgik ansvaret for gården til kvinden. 
When the man was called on an expedition, the responsibility for the farm was handed over to the woman.
Fra det øjeblik, skibet gled ud af fjorden, var det hendes ansvar at sikre høsten og dermed overlevelsen. 
From the moment the ship sailed out of the fjord it was her responsibility to secure the harvest and with this survival.
Kvindens arbejdsopgaver har efter alt at dømme været husførelse og madlavning. 
A woman’s work duties were, by all accounts, housekeeping and making food.
En stor del af tiden blev også brugt på at bearbejde uld, spinde garn, sy og væve til eget forbrug. 
A large part of her time was also taken up working wool, spinning yarn, sewing and weaving for the family’s own consumption.
Graviditet og amning har også fyldt den enkelte kvindes liv. 
Pregnancy and breastfeeding also took up time in a woman’s life.
I praksis har det nok været kvinderne, der tog sig af at passe børn og ældre. 
In practice it was probably the women who looked after the children and elderly.
Alle medlemmer af husholdningen uanset køn og alder deltog sandsynligvis i de daglige gøremål. 
All members of the household, regardless of sex and age, probably helped with the daily tasks.
I byerne kunne kvinder arbejde som håndværkere. 
In the towns women worked with crafts.
Arkæologiske fund viser, at produktion af tekstiler var forbeholdt kvinder, mens metal- og tømmerarbejde var opgaver for mænd. 
Archaeological finds show that the production of textiles was reserved for women, whilst metalwork and carpentry were undertaken by men.
Komplicerede produktionsteknikker tyder på, at visse kvinder måske var specialiserede tekstilarbejdere. 
Complicated production techniques indicate that certain women probably specialized in textile work.
Og måske tog de også del i selve handlen på vegne af familien. 
They may have participated in this trade for the sake of their families.
Skriftlige kilder præsenterer vikingetidens kvinder som selvstændige og med rettigheder. 
The written sources portray Viking women as independent and possessing rights.
For selvom kvinderne havde en forholdsvis stærk position, var de dog ringere stillet end mænd officielt. 
Even if women had a relatively strong position, they were officially inferior to men.
De kunne ikke optræde på tinge (i retten), og de fik heller ikke nogen andel af mandens arv. 
They could not appear in court or receive a share of the man’s inheritance.
Det var manden, som havde den politiske magt. 
It was the man who had the political power.
Det skelsættende tidspunkt i en vikingekvindes liv var, når hun blev gift. 
The watershed in a Viking woman’s life was when she got married.
Indtil da boede hun hjemme hos sine forældre. 
Up until then she lived at home with her parents.
I sagaerne kan man læse, at en kvinde ”bliver gift”, mens en mand ”gifter sig”. 
In the sagas we can read that the woman “got married”, whilst a man “married”.
Men når de er vel gift, så "ejer" såvel mand som kone hinanden. 
But after they were married the husband and the wife “owned” each other.
Der synes at være en skjult morale i sagaerne i forbindelse med en kvindes valg af ægtemand. 
There is believed to have been a hidden moral in the sagas in relation to a woman’s choice of husband.
Familien har sandsynligvis haft et ønske om medbestemmelse. 
The family probably wanted to participate in the decision-making.
Blev der bejlet til en kvinde, behøvede faderen ikke at spørge hende til råds. 
When an attempt was made to woo a woman, the father did not need to ask his daughter’s opinion about the interested male.
I de tilfælde, hvor pigen alligevel modsatte sig familiens ønske, beskriver sagaerne, hvordan det ofte endte galt. 
In cases in which the girl opposed the family’s wishes, the sagas describe how this often ended badly.
Kvindens anseelse og plads i samfundet var forbundet med hendes mand. 
The woman’s reputation and place in society was connected to that of her husband.
Sagaerne er fulde af kvinder, der konkurrerer om, hvem der har den bedste mand. 
The sagas often describe how various women compete over who has the best husband.
Derfor har de unge pige helt sikkert vidst, hvad de gik efter. 
Young girls obviously knew what to look for in a prospective husband.
Hvis et ægteskab ikke fungerede, kunne både hustruen og husbonden lade sig skille. 
If the marriage did not work, then the wife and husband could divorce.
Da den spansk-arabiske rejsende al-Tartushi besøgte Hedeby i 900-tallet, blev han forundret over at høre, at kvinder havde ret til skilsmisse, hvis de selv ønskede det. 
When the Spanish-Arabic traveller al-Tartushi visited Hedeby in the 900s he was surprised to hear that women had the right to divorce if they wished.
Sagaerne er fulde af fraskilte kvinder og enker, der gifter sig på ny. 
The sagas involve many divorced women and widows who marry again.
De islandske sagaer beskriver en lang række skilsmisseregler, der vidner om et ganske avanceret lovsystem. 
The Icelandic sagas describe a large number of divorce rules, which are evidence of a quite advanced legal system.
Kvinden kunne for eksempel kræve skilsmisse, hvis manden slog sig ned i et nyt land under sine togter, blot manden forsømte at gå i seng med hende i tre år. 
The woman could, for example, demand a divorce if her husband settled in a new country whilst on his travels, but only if the man neglected to go to bed with her for three years.
Det var for at sikre hustruen mod et liv i ensomhed. 
The aim of this was to secure the wife against a life of loneliness.
Den mest almindelige skilsmissegrund var dog pludselig fattigdom i mandens familie eller voldelige ægtemænd. 
The most typical grounds for divorce were, however, sudden poverty in the man’s family or violence on the part of the husband.
Slog en mand sin kvinde tre gange, kunne hun kræve skilsmisse. 
If a man struck his wife three times she could demand a divorce.
Kvindelig utroskab blev hårdt straffet, men mænd kunne bringe adskillige friller ind i hjemmet. 
Female infidelity was punished hard, whilst men were able to bring various mistresses into the home.
Den officielle hustru bevarede dog autoriteten over de nye kvinder i husholdet. 
However, the official housewife kept authority over the new women in the household.
Vi kender ikke hyppigheden af skilsmisser i vikingetiden, men retten til skilsmisse og arveret viser, at kvinder havde en selvstændig juridisk status. 
We do not know how frequent divorces were in the Viking period, but the rights to divorce and inheritance indicate that women had an independent judicial status.