natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Rold Skov blev herremændenes ejendom, men bøndernes rettigheder til udnyttelse af skoven til græsning og hugst af brænde var så vigtige for landsbyernes overlevelse, at de kom til at indgå i skovens ejendomsforhold. 
Rold Skov forest became the property of the nobility, but the farmers' rights to use the forest for grazing and wood were so important for the survival of the villages that they were incorporated in the property rights for the forest.
Populært sagt: Overskoven tilhørte herremanden, underskoven var bøndernes. 
In popular terms: The upper-growth belonged to the lord; the under-growth belonged to the farmers.
Skovgræsning var udbredt, der blev høstet løvhø til vinterfoder og underskoven blev ryddet for at skaffe ved til brænde, byggeri og svidning af trækul. 
Forest grazing became widespread, foliage hay was harvested for winter feed and the under-growth was cleared of wood for firewood, building and charcoal burning.
Denne udnyttelse er afspejlet i den gamle bøgeskov den dag i dag. 
This exploitation is still reflected in the old beech forest today.
I datiden var der ingen skovbrug, der blev ikke plantet træer, men til alt held for bønderne kunne de udnytte en helt speciel egenskab ved de bøge, der var indvandret i Rold Skov. 
In the past, there was no forestry and no new trees were planted, but fortunately for the farmers they could exploit a special property of the beech trees which had immigrated to Rold Skov forest.
Her, nær sin nordlige udbredelsesgrænse, har bøgen udviklet en særlig egenskab. 
Here, near its northern limit, the beech has developed a special attribute.
Når den fældes skyder den en masse vanris fra stubben og rødderne. 
When it is cut down, it shoots lots of water sprouts from the stump and roots.
Vanris er træets panikreaktion, når det registrerer, at det har mistet en betydelig del af sin bladmasse og mest, når skaden er sket i vintertiden, mens træet er i dvale. 
Water sprouts are a panic reaction of the tree when it registers that it has lost a significant part of its foliage, and they are most common if the damage occurs in the winter, while the tree is dormant.
Fænomenet hos bøg forekommer kun i den nordlige del af Jylland. 
In beeches this only occurs in the northern part of Jutland.
Man kalder det at ”stævne” træerne. 
It is called coppicing the trees.
Kreaturerne sørgede for en passende beskæring, der dog gav en kroget vækst af de enkelte stammer. 
The cattle ensured appropriate pruning, although they left a crooked growth of the individual stems.
Da overudnyttelsen og skovgræsningen af skoven blev standset med fredskovsforordningen i 1805, kunne de stævnede bøge gro op til voksne træer. 
When over-exploitation and forest grazing ceased with the 1805 forest reserve regulation, the coppiced beeches could grow into mature trees.
Overalt i Rold Skov findes disse gamle, mangestammede og krogede bøge, der kaldes ”røllebøge”. 
You will find these old, multiple-stemmed and crooked beeches all over Rold Skov forest.
Nogle voksede op på så vindblæste og næringsfattige steder, at de blev ekstra krogede og dannede ”troldeskov”. 
Some grew up in such windy and nutrient-poor places that they became even more crooked and curvy; so forming the “troll forest”.
Troldeskoven ovenfor Rold Storkro er det klassiske eksempel, men også Bjergeskoven og Nørreskoven har sine trolde. 
The wood of gnarled trees across from Rold Storkro is the classical example, but also Bjergeskoven forest and Nørreskoven forest have their gnarled trees.
I Rebild Bakker ses pragtfulde eksemplarer af røllebøge med 20 - 30 stammer. 
In Rebild Bakker you can see wonderful examples of these beech trees with 20-30 stems.
Rebild Bakker var fællesgræsning for landsbyen og lå uden for fredskovsdiget, så græsning og stævning af de lave bøge fortsatte indtil Rebildselskabet købte og fredede bakkerne i 1911. 
Rebild Bakker was common grazing for the village and located outside the forest reserve, which means that grazing and coppicing of the low beeches continued until the Rebildselskabet company purchased and conserved the hills in 1911.
Diger og hulveje 
Dykes and sunken tracks
De allerfleste diger i Rold Skov stammer fra tiden efter fredskovsbestemmelsernes indførelse i 1805. 
The majority of dykes in Rold Skov forest are from the time following the introduction of the forest reserve regulations in 1805.
Baggrunden var det stærkt svindende skovareal, der på dette tidspunkt kun dækkede 2% af landet. 
The regulations were introduced because of the disappearing forest area throughout Denmark which, at that time, only covered 2% of the country.
Tilmed var de resterende skove i en elendig forfatning pga. græsning og skamhugst. 
In addition, the remaining forests were in a miserable state on account of grazing and over-felling.
Indførelsen af fredskov medførte, at kreaturer og svin blev forvist fra skovene og skoven blev fredet, således at arealet for altid skulle rumme højskov. 
The introduction of forest reserves meant that cattle and pigs were banned from the forests and the forests were listed.
Samtidig fik vi det skarpe skel mellem skov og ager, vi kender i dag. 
At the same time, the sharp boundaries between forest and fields that we know today were formed.
Digerne blev opført af jord, sten eller græstørv langs skovbrynet for at holde husdyrene ude af skoven. 
The dykes were built from soil, rocks or turf along the edge of the forest to keep domestic animals out of the forest.
Ofte blev anbragt et risgærde på toppen af diget, og jorddigerne havde tillige en grøft langs diget mod marken. 
Often a wattle was created on top of the dyke, and the earth dikes also had a ditch along the dyke on the field side.
Fine fredskovsdiger ses nord for Rebild langs Nørreskoven, og sydkanten af nutidens Rold Skov er kantet af et sammenhængende dige fra Arden i øst til Nørlund i vest. 
Well-preserved forest reserve dykes can be seen north of Rebild along Nørreskoven forest and the southern edge of the present-day Rold Skov is boxed in by a continuous dyke from the town of Arden in the east and to Nørlund in the west.
Rold Skov var og er herregårdenes skov. 
Rold Skov forest was and is a forest of manor estates.
Tre fjerdedele af skoven ejes i dag af godserne Lindenborg, Villestrup og Nørlund, og statsskovens arealer ejedes indtil statsskovdistriktet oprettedes i 1826 af en række andre herregårde: Buderupholm, Teglgård, Kyø, Restrup, Lundbæk, Overklit m.fl. 
Three-quarters of the forest are now owned by the estates of Lindenborg, Villestrup and Nørlund, and until the state-owned forest district was created in 1826, this area too was owned by a number of other manor estates: Buderupholm, Teglgård, Kyø, Restrup, Lundbæk, Overklit etc. Only the two first-mentioned were manors close to the forest.
Kun de to førstnævnte lå i tilknytning til skoven. 
The most remote was Overklit, which is west of Hjørring.
Den fjerneste var Overklit, der ligger vest for Hjørring. 
The state took over the two first-mentioned estates to pay for tax debt.
Staten overtog de to førstnævnte for skattegæld og startede opkøb, der med tiden samlede de nuværende 2200 ha statsskov. 
Then the state started purchasing other land until this made up the current 2,200 hectares of state-owned forest.
Når man færdes i skoven, kan man ikke undgå at bemærke de mange hulveje, hvis forløb af flere smalle parallelle hjulspor ofte ligger nær ved nutidens brede grusbelagte skovvej. 
When walking through the forest, it is impossible to miss the many sunken tracks (hollow ways), the courses of which have several narrow parallel wheel tracks, often near the wide gravel-paved forest road of today.
Et godt eksempel er, hvor Stendalsvej krydser Stendalen. 
A good example is where Stendalsvej crosses Stendalen.
Handel og magthavernes færdsel gennem landet skabte landevejene. 
Trade and the passage of powerful leaders through the countryside established the roads.
Fra bronzealderen kender vi mange eksempler på gravhøje, der lå på rad og række langs fortidens vejforløb som en slags datidens reklameskilte for stærke landsbyer med overskud og respekt for høvdingens æt. 
From the Bronze Age we know many examples of grave mounds lying in rows along the courses of the roads at that time, as a sort of advertisement for villages with strength of resources and respect for the lineage of their chief.
En hulvej er udtryk for, at vognene på vej op og ned af en bakke har slidt spor i denne. 
A hollow way is so called because wagons and carts have made tracks in the road on their way up and down a hill.
De mest imponerende hulveje er knyttet til overfartstederne over ådalen, f.eks. Skillingbro i den ende af statsskoven, der kaldes Vælderskov. 
The most impressive hollow ways are linked to the ferry stations across the river valley, e.g. Skillingbro in the north end of the state-owned forest known as Vælderskov.
Langs Pumpevejen lige vest for Troldeskoven ligger dybe hulveje, og i skoven lige omkring Rold Storkro ses også hulveje, alle med kurs mod Skillingbro. 
Along Pumpevejen just west of Troldeskoven, there are deep sunken roads, and in the forest around Rold Storkro, you can also see hollow ways all leading to Skillingbro.
Krydser man åen ved Nybro og kører forbi Thingbæk kalkmine, kan det samme vejforløb genfindes på ådalens modsatte side som hulveje langs den nutidige vej Kridtbakken. 
If you cross the river near Nybro and drive past the Thingbæk limestone mine, the road follows the same course on the opposite side of the river valley, as a sunken road along the contemporary Kridtbakken road.
I Nørreskovens vestlige del findes også en række parallelle hulveje, der krydses af stien mellem Ravnkilde og Lille Blåkilde. 
There is also a number of parallel hollow ways in the western part of Nørreskoven forest, and these are crossed by the path between Ravnkilde and Lille Blåkilde.
Alle peger mod et fortidigt overgangssted, og den mest markante hulvej starter lige nedenfor Slettingen, slår et flot serpentinersving og vejen krydser ådalen på en lav vejdæmning. 
All of these point towards a prehistoric crossing, and the most significant hollow way starts just below Slettingen, making a nice serpentine curve and crossing the river valley on a low road embankment.
Røvere, krybskytter og kulsviere 
Robbers, poachers and charcoal burners
Rold skov var gennem århundreder forbundet med uhygge og voldelige røveroverfald. 
For centuries, Rold Skov forest was linked with sinister and violent attacks by robbers.
Den tætte skov blev tilholdssted for samfundets udstødte, der ernærede sig ved krybskytteri, rapserier eller indbrud på omegnens gårde eller ligefrem voldelige overfald på forbifarende. 
The dense forest was the hide-out of society's outcasts and outlaws who lived by poaching, theft, breaking into farms in the area, or even violent assaults on passers-by.
I begyndelsen af 1800-tallet kulminerede dette med et rent røvervælde i Midthimmerland, men i 1830'erne lykkedes det at optrevle den vidtforgrenede røverbande. 
In the early 1800s, this culminated in a veritable plague of robberies in mid-Himmerland, but in the 1830s the gang was successfully brought to justice.
Denne bestod ikke bare af fredløse, men også husmænd og gårdmænd på egnen var indblandet. 
The gang consisted not only of outlaws; smallholders and local farmers were also involved.
Retssagen mod dem tog hele syv år fra 1837 til 1844 hvor sagen blev afgjort i højesteret. 
The trial against them took as long as seven years from 1837 to 1844 when the case was decided by the supreme court.
I alt 82 personer blev anklaget. 
A total of 82 people were accused.
Af disse fik 78 personer domme, fra kagstrygning og livsvarigt tugthusarbejde til frifindelse. 
Out of these, 78 received sentences from public flogging and lifetime imprisonment with hard labour to acquittal.
Ved kagstrygning piskede bøddelen fangens nøgne ryg med hasselkæppe, der havde stået i saltlage natten over. 
In the public floggings, the prisoner's backs were stripped naked and whipped with a hazel stick which had been soaked in a brine overnight.
Fangen var bundet til en pæl, kaldet ”kagen”. 
The prisoner was tied to a stake, called the whipping post “kagen”.
I sagen mod røverne fra Rold skete kagstrygningen i fuld offentlighed på torvet i Aalborg. 
The robbers from Rold were flogged in public in Aalborg town square.
En af sagens hovedanklagede var Johannes Jensen fra Stenild - bedre kendt som ”Bettefanden”. 
One of the principle defendants in the case was Johannes Jensen from Stenild, better known as “Bettefanden” (the little devil).
Han var en barsk, lille skrutrygget mand på blot 145 cm, der fik sit øgenavn efter et indbrud hos en gammel kone. 
He was a tough, short, round-shouldered man just 145 centimetres tall who got his nickname after breaking into an old lady's house.
Ved dette indbrud var han dækket af en kohud med horn. 
He disguised himself in a cow's skin with horns.
Den gamle kone var efter indbruddet overbevist om, at hun havde haft besøg af fanden selv. 
After the break-in, the lady had been convinced that she had been visited by the devil himself.
Selveste Steen Steensen Blicher skrev en novelle om Bettefanden, som udkom i 1846. 
Steen Steensen Blicher wrote a novel about “Bettefanden” which was published in 1846.
Johannes Jensen blev først kongeligt benådet i 1864, og vendte herefter tilbage til Stenild, hvor han ernærede sig med småhandel. 
Johannes Jensen was given a Royal pardon in 1864 and returned to Stenild where he made a living as a minor trader.
Hans ry var dog så skidt, at han ved sin død blev begravet udenfor kirkediget i uindviet jord. 
His reputation was so bad, however, that when he died, he was buried outside the church dyke in unconsecrated ground.
I skoven nær Teglgårdsmølle kan beses ”Bettefandens eg”, hvor han efter sagnet stod bundet ved sin tilfangetagelse. 
In the forest near Teglgårdsmølle you can see “Bettefandens eg” (oak of the little devil), where legend says he was tied up during his captivity.
De mange røverier og overfald var vel delvist et resultat af livets barske vilkår i fattig egn, hvor livsbetingelserne kunne være ubarmhjertige. 
The many robberies and assaults were partially a result of a harsh life in a poor area where living conditions could be merciless.
Den samme forklaring kan sikkert bruges om det omfattende krybskytteri. 
Extensive poaching was certainly for the same reason.
Vildt fra skoven var et kærkomment supplement til den sparsomme husholdning. 
Game from the forest was a welcome supplement to the poor diet.
Den mest navnkundige krybskytte var Lars Kjær (1856 - 1946), som på trods af sine ulovligheder var en agtet mand på egnen. 
The most renowned poacher was Lars Kjær (1856-1946), who, despite his unlawfulness was a respected man in the area.
Han havde ry for at have et imponerende kendskab til vildtet og dets vaner, og det gjorde ham i stand til at komme vildtet - ofte krondyr - på nært skudhold. 
He was reputed for his impressive knowledge of wildlife and its habits, and he was able to get into close shooting range of the game, often red deer.
Jagten fandt typisk sted i nattens mulm og mørke fra små skydeskjul, bygget af rafter og græstørv, som bl. 
He hunted in the dead of night from small hide-outs, built from lathes and turf from along the Kovads Bæk brook.
Kulsvidning som fremstilling af trækul kaldes, krævede enorme mængder af brænde og var medvirkende til skovens forarmning. 
The need in the Iron Age for fuel to make iron from the ore in the bog and to forge iron tools pushed up demand for charcoal.
Smeltning af metal kræver så høje temperaturer, at de kun kan opnås ved forbrænding af trækul. 
Scratching in the ground a little will reveal small pieces of charcoal as evidence that this was once a charcoal burning hollow.
Teknikken strækker sig altså tilbage til bronzealderen. 
To burn charcoal, the wood is burned with restricted air.
Kradser man lidt i jorden afslører små trækulsstykker gruben som en af fortidens kulsvidergruber. 
The charcoal burners ensured such appropriate burning of the wood by removing or adding more peat to the stack.
I begyndelsen af Middelalderen går man over til at stable træet til mandshøje miler, hvorefter det hele blev dækket med græstørv. 
The charcoal burning site in Rebild Bakker is one of the last places where traditional burning in stacks took place.
En brænding tager ofte et døgn eller mere, hvor der konstant skal holdes vagt ved milen. 
The purpose was to acquire a magnificent area which held the essence of the Denmark the emigrants had left behind.
Årligt afholder det lokale kulsvierlaug i Rold Skov en brænding, hvor man kan være med - også som nattevagt. 
Inspired by the first American national parks, it was named the “Rebild National Park”.
En enkelt kulsvier fastholder traditionen og producerer trækul i skoven, men dog i moderne jernovne. 
The national park must be open to the general public and with free access.
I Blokhusmuseet fortælles mere om historien, og en af vandrestierne går forbi Max Henius´ buste. 
Today much of the state-owned forest is run according to close-to-nature forest management principles.
Staten i skoven 
The bear immigrates.
Vårkrebs eller fe-rejer myldrer nu rundt i Dyrehavens vandpytter i løvskovene og på sletterne. 
Dyrehaven's puddles in the deciduous forests and on the plains are swarming with fairy shrimps at this time of year.
Flokkenes størrelse kan variere fra en håndfuld dyr til de flokke på flere hundrede dådyr, der kan ses på Eremitagesletten. 
The male red deer (stags) keep to themselves until the rutting period begins again.
Læs om de kommende forestillinger på kglteater.dk 
The finish is at Eremitageslot.
Hvor der er nåletræer, er der rift om koglerne, hvis frø er rige på protein. 
A brand new initiative is to establish tracks for cross-country skiing when there is enough snow.
I den periode bruger de forbenene, når de slås, så det ser ud, som om de bokser. 
In this period, they use their forelegs to fight, so they look like they are boxing.
Spætterne markerer deres territorium ved at banke på træernes bark. 
The woodpeckers mark their territory by pecking on the bark of the trees.
Indledning: Som naturtype regnes heden for truet og sårbar - ikke kun i Danmark, men også på europæisk plan. 
The heathland habitat types of Europe and Denmark are considered to be vulnerable and to some extent threatened habitat types.
Næringsstoffer tilført fra luften og angreb fra hedens lyngbladbille (Lochmaea suturalis) er medvirkende årsager til en øget tilgroning med græsser på bekostning af hedens karakteristiske, nøjsomme plantedække. 
Airborne fertilization and attacks from the Heather Beetle (Lochmaea suturalis) is the reason for overgrowth with grasses at the expense of the characteristic heath land scrubs resulting in a major loss of biodiversity.
Kontrolleret hedeafbrænding bruges som et led i naturplejen. 
The controlled burning of heathland is used as a conservation tool.
Nye lyngplanter vokser frem kort efter at heden er afbrændt. 
New heather plants appearing a few months after a controlled burning.
Blomstrende hedelyng i august. 
Heather flowers in August.
- Rydning af vedplanter på 142 ha eksisterende og potentielle hedebiotoper 
Clearing of woody species on 142 ha existing and potential heathland habitats
- Fjernelse af øvre tørvejord lag på 134 ha eksisterende og potentielle hedebiotoper 
Removal of upper peat soil layer on 134 ha existing and potential heathland habitats
De gode veje kan friste til at ræse afsted på cyklen, så det er vigtigt at tage hensyn til de blødere trafikanter. 
Bicycles, roller skates and so on can be rented from the Friluftshuset experience centre; Icelandic horses and ponies can be hired at www.frederiksens-isheste.dk (in Danish).
På sydsiden af Hejresøen findes der et fugletårn, som også giver udsigt over Kongelunden og Køge Bugt. 
The Nature Centre is also where the nature interpreters have their base and where the Friluftshuset experience centre is located.
Metrostation, er delt op i temaer over de fire elementer ild, luft, vand og jord. 
You can rent bicycles, roller skates and equipment for nature exploration from Friluftshuset, and there is firewood for sale.
Ved at løbe sporet igennem regelmæssigt og måle dit kondital kan du følge, hvordan du forbedrer konditionen i dit eget tempo. 
By completing this trail regularly and by measuring your fitness rating, you can monitor the improvement in your physical fitness at your own pace.
Tæt på indgangen nærmest Metrostationen ligger Naturcenter Amager, hvor naturvejlederne har base. 
Four bird hides are placed around the Klydesø lake reserve and two more can be found by Store Høj Sø lake, which is surrounded by reed bed.
Naturstyrelsen formidler viden om stedet og har løbende årstidsbestemte aktiviteter og små udstillinger. 
South of the Hejresøen lake is a bird tower from which there is a view of Kongelunden and Køge Bugt.
Her ligger også Friluftshuset, der drives af vore skovhjælpere, som er et arbejds- og uddannelsestidbud for voksne udviklingshæmmede og andre med særlige behov. 
Himmelhøj playground is a stone's throw away from the entrance nearest Vestamager metro station, and is split up into themes of the four elements: fire, air, water and earth.
På stedet er der borde og bænke til medbragt mad og drikke samt toiletter, handicaptoilet og vandpost. 
Each location has camp-fire sites, where you can cook and tell stories around the open fire.
Læs mere på royalgolf.dk 
Remember your fishing license.
Flere informationer om ruterne, leje af cykler m.m. 
More information about the routes, bike rental etc. (in Danish)
Rutekortene kan ses her: 
Download the route maps here:
Motion og naturfitness 
Exercise and countryside fitness
Sundhedssporet med start ved Skørping Hallen er en kort rute på 2,1 km, hvor man kan få målt sit kondital. 
The fitness trail starting near the Skørping Hallen sports centre is a short route of 2.1 kilometres on which you can have your fitness rating measured.
Ruten gennemføres i gang eller løb og med registrering af tid kan man aflæse sit aktuelle kondital på de opsatte tavler. 
You can walk or run the route and by recording your time you can read off your fitness rating from the notice boards.
Brug skovens mange naturlige elementer som et "grønt" fitnessrum. 
Use the many natural elements of the forest as a “green” fitness room.
Ved sundheds-sporet tæt på Skørping Hallen er der indrettet en fast naturfitnessbane. 
On the fitness trail, close to the Skørping Hallen sports centre, there is a permanent natural fitness track.
Både St. Økssø og Madum sø er populære indlands badesteder. 
Both the St. Økssø lake and the Madum Sø lake are popular places for swimming.
Ved St. Økssø findes en badebro, og i vinterhalvåret forvandles en bålhytte til en brændefyret sauna, hvor søens helårsbadere holder til. 
There is a bathing jetty at the St. Økssø lake, and in the winter half-year a fire cabin is turned into a wood-fired sauna where year-round swimmers in the lake come to recuperate.
I St. Økssø afmærkes i sommerhalvåret en 1570 m lang svømmebane. 
In the summer half-year, a 1570-meter-long swimming lane is marked off in the St. Økssø lake.
På ski i skoven 
Skiing in the forest
Når vejrforholdene er til det og sneen dækker skoven, præparerer Naturstyrelsen en langrendsløjpe i skoven nord og syd for Skørping Skole. 
When weather conditions so permit, and snow covers the forest, the Danish Nature Agency sets up a cross-country skiing track in the forest north and south of the Skørping school.
Læs mere om den aktuelle tilstand, hent kort mm. 
Read more about the current conditions, download map etc. (in Danish)
Rold Skov vrimler med skovveje og skovspor, som alle er brugbare til en vandretur. 
Rold Skov forest has an abundance of forest tracks, all of which are all good for hiking.
I vandretursfolderne for Rold skov og Rebild Bakker er nogle af de mest farbare og spektakulære markeret med gult. 
The hiking tour leaflets for Rold Skov forest and Rebild Bakker highlight some of the most accessible and spectacular hiking tours with yellow.
Den gule farve genfinder du i naturen, som gule pletter malet på stammer eller store sten. 
The yellow colour is also found on the tracks themselves, where yellow spots are painted on tree trunks or large rocks.
Ca. 60 km vandreruter er afmærkede. 
About 60 kilometres of hiking route are marked.