natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Kortlægningen og indkøb af smykker blev gennemført i perioden april til juli 2007. 
The survey and purchase of jewelleries were completed in the period April to July 2007.
Der blev i alt indkøbt 170 metalsmykker fordelt på produkttyperne ringe, halskæder, armbånd, øreringe, piercingsmykker og ankelkæder. 
In total 170 pieces of metal jewelleries were purchased, divided between the product types rings, necklaces, bracelets, earrings, piercing jewelleries and ankle chains.
Disse produkttyper blev valgt, idet de alle er produkter, der kommer i kontakt med huden. 
These product types were selected as they all are products getting into contact with the skin.
Alle indkøb blev foretaget i Københavnsområdet. 
All the purchases took place in the area of Copenhagen.
Hovedparten af smykkerne blev købt i følgende butikstyper: 10 kr's butikstyper, butikker med ejere af anden etnisk baggrund, smykkebutikker, stormagasiner, supermarkeder og tøjbutikker, mens en mindre del blev købt i internetbutikker. 
The main part of the jewelleries was bought in the following types of shops: 10 kroner's shops, shops with owners of different ethnic background, jewellery shops, department stores, supermarkets and clothes shops, while a small part was bought in internet shops.
Samtlige metalsmykker blev screenet for indhold af Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, Cr, Sb, As, Ba ved brug af et XRF-apparat. 
All metal jewelleries were screened for a content of Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, Cr, Sb, As, Ba by use of a XRF device.
Idet metalsmykker ofte består af forskellige metaldele (med forskelligt metalindhold og dermed afgivelse), blev hvert enkelt smykke screenet på maksimalt 3 forskellige dele. 
As metal jewelleries often consist of different metal parts (with a different content of metal and thereby release) each piece of jewellery was screened on 3 different parts as a maximum.
Der blev således i alt screenet 318 delsmykker. 
Thus, in total 318 jewellery parts were screened.
På basis af screeningsresultaterne blev der udvalgt 25 delsmykker til migrationstest for afgivelse af As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb og Se. Analysemetoden, der blev anvendt, var ”Migration til kunstig sved” efter DS/EN 1811:2000. 
Based on the screening results 25 jewellery parts were selected for a migration test for release of As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se. The used analysis method was “Migration to artificial sweat” according to DS/EN 1811:2000.
Delsmykkerne blev udvalgt således, at de dækkede de forskellige produkttyper (ringe, halskæder, armbånd, mv.) og de forskellige produktkategorier (sølvbelagt, guldlignende, uægte metal, mv.) så bredt som muligt, dog med det primære kriterium, at de repræsenterede en del af smykket, som havde kontakt til huden. 
The jewellery parts were selected in such a way that they covered the different product types (rings, necklaces, bracelets etc.) and the different product categories (silver-coated, golden-like, non-precious metal etc.) as broadly as possible; however, with the primary criterion that they represented a part of the piece of jewellery being in contact with the skin.
Det blev så vidt muligt forsøgt at udvælge smykkedele som repræsenterede hele koncentrationsspændet relateret til indhold af bly og cadmium, dog blev fokus lagt på den lave ende af spektret, dvs. for bly mellem 100 og 2000 ppm og for cadmium mellem 75 og 2000 ppm. 
As far as possible, the attempt was to select jewellery parts representing the entire concentration span related to the content of lead and cadmium; however, focus was primarily on the low part of the spectrum, i.e. for lead between 100 and 2000 ppm and for cadmium between 75 and 2000 ppm.
Der blev i alt indkøbt 62 tekstilkædesmykker. 
In total 62 textile necklaces were purchased.
Hovedparten af tekstilkædesmykkerne blev indkøbt samtidig med metalsmykkerne. 
The main part of the textile necklaces was purchased at the same time as the metal jewelleries.
Screeningen bestod i, at tekstilkæderne blev nedsænket i vand (40 grader) i 4 timer. 
The screening consisted of lowering the textile necklaces into water (40 degrees) for a period of 4 hours.
Farvede ekstrakter i vandet er en indikation af muligt indhold af azofarvestoffer. 
Coloured extracts in the water are an indication of a possible content of azo-dyes.
Herefter blev 10 tekstilkæder, repræsenterende forskellige farveudslag, udvalgt til kvantitativ analyse for indhold af benzidin. 
Hereafter, 10 textile necklaces representing different colourings were selected for a quantitative analysis for a content of benzidine.
Analysemetoden, der blev anvendt var EN 14364-1:2003. 
The analysis method being used was EN 14364-1:2003.
Resultater og hovedkonklusioner 
Results and main conclusions
Konklusioner fra screeningen 
Conclusions from the screening
De vigtigste konklusioner fra screeningen af metalsmykkerne var: 
The most important conclusions from the screening of the metal jewelleries were:
58 % af alle undersøgte smykker indeholdt bly i en koncentration på over 100 ppm. 
58% of all examined jewelleries contained lead in a concentration above 100 ppm.
Det maksimale indhold af bly i et delsmykke var på 69,6 %. 
The maximum content of lead in a jewellery part was 69.6 %.
24 % af alle undersøgte smykker indeholdt cadmium i en koncentration over 75 ppm. 
24% of all examined jewelleries contained cadmium in a concentration above 75 ppm.
Det maksimale indhold af cadmium i et delsmykke var på 29,15 %. 
The maximum content of cadmium in a jewellery part was 29.15%.
2 % af de undersøgte smykker overskred et indhold på 100 ppm kviksølv. 
2% of all the examined jewelleries exceeded a content of 100 ppm of mercury.
25 % af alle undersøgte smykker viste sig at indeholde nikkel i en volumenprocent over 1. 
25% of all examined jewelleries turned out to contain nickel in a volume percentage above 1.
Det maksimale indhold af nikkel i et delsmykke var på 95 %. 
The maximum content of nickel in a jewellery part was 95%.
Herudover blev der påvist en tendens til at specielt vedhæng, og især låse, indeholder bly og cadmium. 
Furthermore, a tendency was proved that especially charms, and particularly catches, contain lead and cadmium.
Generelt var der ingen sammenhæng mellem smykketyperne (armbånd, øreringe, osv.) og indhold af bly og cadmium. 
Generally, there was no relation between the types of jewelleries (bracelets, earrings etc.) and the content of lead and cadmium.
Det kan på grundlag af nærværende datamateriale ikke konkluderes om smykker indkøbt fra et bestemt land har større sandsynlighed for at indeholde tungmetaller. 
Based of the present data material it cannot be concluded whether jewelleries bought from a certain country have a larger probability of containing heavy metals.
Dog kan nævnes, at for de 37 smykker, der vides at stamme fra Kina, har 30% vist sig at indeholde over 100 ppm bly, mens 24% har vist sig at indeholde over 75 ppm cadmium. 
However, it can be mentioned that for the 37 jewelleries which are known to originate from China 30% has turned out to contain above 100 ppm lead while 24% has turned out to contain above 75 ppm of cadmium.
Der blev ikke fundet nogen sammenhæng mellem butikstype og indkøb af smykker med et højt indhold af tungmetaller. 
No relation was found between shop type and purchase of jewelleries with a high content of heavy metals.
Der lader til at være en større chance for et stort indhold af Pb i de billigere metalsmykker (0 - ca. 10 kr. pr. gram), mens der for Cd ikke ser ud til at være en umiddelbar sammenhæng. 
There seems to be a greater chance of a large content of Pb in the cheaper metal jewelleries (0 - approx. 10 kr. per gram), while for Cd there does not seem to be a direct relation.
Der fandtes ingen sammenhæng mellem indhold af tungmetal og produktkategorien (dvs. guldbelagte, sølvlignende, uægte metalsmykker, mv.). 
The results did not indicate a relation between content of heavy metal and the product category (i.e. gold coated, silver-like, non-precious metal etc.).
Det kan således ikke antages, at smykker af f.eks. guld har større sandsynlighed for at indeholde bly eller cadmium end smykker af sølv eller uægte metal. 
Thus, it cannot be assumed that jewelleries of for instance gold have a larger probability of containing lead or cadmium than jewelleries made of silver or non-precious metal.
Der var ligeledes heller ingen sammenhæng mellem de tre overordnede produktkategorier (guld, sølv og uægte metal) og indhold af bly og cadmium. 
Furthermore, there was no relation between the three superior product categories (gold, silver and non-precious metal) and content of lead and cadmium.
Konklusioner fra migrationsanalysen 
Conclusions from the migration analysis
Smykkerne til migrationstesten blev valgt ud fra en ligelig fordeling blandt udvælgelseskriterierne, dvs. indhold af tungmetal, belægning, produkttype samt delsmykketype. 
The jewelleries for the migration test were selected based on an even distribution among the selection criteria, i.e. content of heavy metal, coating, product type and jewellery part.
Resultaterne fra migrationsanalysen til kunstig sved viste, at bly, cadmium, nikkel og kobber migrerede i en koncentration over detektionsgrænsen. 
The results from the migration analysis for artificial sweat showed that lead, cadmium, nickel and copper migrated in a concentration above the detection limit.
Resultaterne fra migrationsanalysen viste ingen umiddelbar sammenhæng mellem migration og indhold af metallet, dvs. man kan ikke antage, at en høj koncentration af metallet i smykket medfører en høj migration. 
The results from the migration analysis did not show any direct relation between migration and content of the metal, i.e. it cannot be assumed that a high concentration of the metal in the jewellery causes a high migration.
Det skal dog bemærkes, at for smykker, hvor blyindholdet ligger under ca. 1 %, er der stort set ingen migration af bly fundet sted. 
However, it shall be noted that nearly no migration of lead has taken place for jewelleries where the content of lead is below approximately 1%.
Lignende tendens ses ikke for de andre metaller 
Similar tendency is not seen for the other metals.
Dette betyder med andre ord, at den orale eksponering er undervurderet til en vis grad. 
In other words this means that the oral exposure in this study is underestimated to a certain degree.
Det antages dog, på baggrund af et studie vedrørende dannelse af metalchlorider i havvand (Strandesen et al., 2007), at denne forskel (i dannelse af metalchlorider) ligger i størrelsesordenen 3-4 % og derfor ikke forventes at have afgørende indflydelse på resultaterne. 
However, it is assumed based on a study concerning formation of metal chlorides in seawater (Strandesen et al., 2007) that this difference (in formation of metal chlorides) is in the order of magnitude of 3-4% and therefore is not expected to have significant influence on the results.
Det skal ligeledes bemærkes, at eksponeringsberegningerne er behæftet med en vis usikkerhed, idet beregningerne er baseret på antagelsen om, at det primært er uorganiske metalforbindelser (især metalchlorider), der dannes i sved (og spyt), der har kontakt med smykkerne. 
Furthermore, it shall be noted that the exposure calculations are associated with some uncertainty as the calculations are based on the assumption that it is primarily inorganic metal compounds (especially metal chlorides) that are formed in sweat (and saliva) that are in contact with the jewelleries.
Dvs. orale og dermale optagelsesrater er primært baseret på studier vedrørende uorganiske metalforbindelser. 
In other words, oral and dermal absorption rates are primarily based on studies concerning inorganic metal compounds.
Endelig viste det sig, at 2 af de 10 analyserede tekstilkæder havde et indhold af benzidin på henholdsvis 100 og 1200 mg/kg, og dermed havde et indhold af benzidin, der overskrider det tilladte. 
Finally, it turned out that 2 of the 10 analysed textile necklaces had a content of benzidine of 100 and 1200 mg/kg respectively and thus had a content of benzidine exceeding the legally recognized amount.
Konklusioner fra sundheds- og risikovurderingen 
Conclusions from the health and risk assessment
Der blev udarbejdet en sundhedsvurdering for bly, cadmium, nikkel og kobber, hvorefter der blev lavet eksponeringsberegninger for samtlige prøver, der viste migration over detektionsgrænsen. 
Health assessments for lead, cadmium, nickel and copper were performed and followed by exposure calculations for all samples showing migration above the detection limit.
Når man bærer smykkerne undersøgt i dette projekt, er der ingen af dem, der giver problemer relateret til blyeksponering via huden (dog ligger en del smykker tæt på at overskride TDI værdien). 
Wearing the jewelleries examined in this project does not result in problems related to exposure of lead through the skin (though a number of jewelleries is close to exceed the TDI value).
Imidlertid giver mange af de undersøgte smykker problemer relateret til cadmiumeksponering via huden, mens der i enkelte tilfælde også er problemer relateret til nikkeleksponering via huden. 
However, many of the examined jewelleries cause problems related to cadmium exposure through the skin while in a few cases there are also problems related to nickel exposure through the skin.
Kobberindholdet i smykkerne gav ikke anledning til problemer. 
The copper content in the jewelleries gave no cause for problems.
Her skal det dog nævnes, at den daglige tolerable dosis (TDI) er et udtryk for hvad man dagligt må få gennem et helt livsforløb, uden at der opstår sundhedsskadelige effekter. 
However, it shall be mentioned that the tolerable daily intake (TDI) states what a person may get daily through an entire lifetime without experiencing health related effects.
Man kan således godt i en kortere periode overskride TDI værdien, uden at dette får nogle effekter, såfremt man i en tilsvarende periode senere i livet indtager mindre end TDI værdien. 
Thus, for a shorter period the TDI value can be exceeded without this causing any effects - if in a corresponding period later in life an equally lesser amount is taken in.
For voksne overskrides TDI værdien relateret til cadmium for to af smykkerne, når de bæres i 24 timer - og et enkelt overskrider TDI værdien for nikkel. 
For adults the TDI value related to cadmium for two of the jewelleries is exceeded when the jewelleries are worn for 24 hours - and a single one is close to exceed the TDI value for nickel.
Når man ser på befolkningsgruppen, der er udsat for den maksimale baggrundseksponering ser billedet mere alvorligt ud. 
When looking at the population group being exposed to the maximum background exposure the picture looks more serious.
Her viser resultaterne, at de 5% danske børn, som udsættes for den maksimale baggrundseksponering af cadmium, allerede har overskredet grænsen for tolerabelt dagligt indtag af cadmium - uden at der er medtaget bidraget fra smykker. 
Here the results show that the 5% of Danish children being exposed to the maximum background exposure of cadmium already have exceeded the limit of tolerable daily intake of cadmium - without including the contribution from wearing jewelleries.
For de 5% voksne, der udsættes for den maksimale baggrundseksponering af cadmium, er TDI værdien ikke oveskredet på forhånd, men når der lægges bidraget fra smykkerne til, viser det sig at TDI værdien overskrides for fire af smykkerne, når de bæres i 24 timer. 
For the 5% of adults being exposed to the maximum background exposure of cadmium the TDI value is not exceeded in advance but when the contribution from wearing the jewelleries is added it turns out that the TDI value is exceeded for four of the jewelleries when being worn for 24 hours.
Resultaterne viser desuden, at når der suttes på smykkerne i to timer, opstår der potentielle sundhedsmæssige risici relateret til både cadmium, nikkel og bly. 
Furthermore, the results show that potential health risks are generated relating to cadmium, nickel and lead when a person sucks the jewelleries for two hours.
Dog mest udtalt for bly og cadmium, idet næsten samtlige smykker (der viste migration af det pågældende metal) overskrider TDI værdien relateret til bly og cadmium (både børn og voksne). 
However, most definitely for lead and cadmium as nearly all jewelleries (showing migration of the metal in question) exceed the TDI value related to lead and cadmium (both children and adults).
Dette er gældende for mennesker, der er udsat for en gennemsnitlig baggrundseksponering. 
This applies to humans being exposed to an average background exposure.
Ingen af smykkerne gav anledning til problemer relateret til kobber. 
None of the jewelleries gave cause to problems related to copper.
Resultaterne viser, at det laveste indhold af bly, som giver anledning til sundhedsmæssige problemer ved at sutte på smykkerne i to timer, er et blyindhold på 1,77%, dvs. en del over blybekendtgørelsens krav om maksimalt indhold af 0,01% bly. 
The results show that the lowest content of lead giving cause for health problems by sucking the jewelleries for two hours is a content of lead of 1.77%, i.e. somewhat above the requirements of the lead statutory order on a maximum content of 0.01% of lead.
Samtidig ses, at ingen af de smykker, som indeholdt maksimalt 100 ppm bly, gav anledning til sundhedsmæssige problemer. 
At the same time it is seen that none of the jewelleries containing a maximum of 100 ppm of lead caused health problems.
Ingen af de undersøgte smykker gav problemer relateret til kobber. 
The jewelleries containing mercury were not examined further in the migration analysis.
Loven om kontrol med arbejder af ædle metaller m.v. omhandler bl. 
Dette betyder med andre ord, at den orale eksponering er undervurderet til en vis grad.
Der er i projektet ikke udført en komplet kortlægning af markedet for smykker i Danmark. 
A number of studies from abroad have proved a problem with the content of large amounts of lead in cheap imported jewelleries.
I de følgende afsnit er beskrevet nøjere, hvorledes indkøbene af såvel metalsmykker som tekstilkædesmykker er foretaget, samt hvorledes de indkøbte smykker er kategoriseret. 
Furthermore, it has turned out that the textile part in a necklace imported from Turkey contained the substance benzidine, which is banned in the EU.
Imidlertid består smykker typisk af flere forskellige metaldele (lås, kæde, vedhæng, mv.) som hver især kan have et forskelligt indhold af tungmetal. 
Clarify whether there is a relation between price (quality), country of origin, jewellery part, jewellery type and category as well as content/release of heavy metal.
Disse produkttyper er valgt, idet de alle er produkter, der kommer i kontakt med huden. 
Thus, this division cannot be regarded as an “official” categorization in terms of “alloyed” and “coated” jewelleries.
På baggrund af denne viden blev strategien for de følgende indkøb lagt. 
These product types are selected as they all are products getting into contact with the skin.
De primære elementer, der blev vurderet efter hvert indkøb/screening med henblik på næste indkøb, var følgende: 
In the periods between the purchases the purchased jewelleries were screened for a content of heavy metals and then categorized.
Forholdsvis ligelig fordeling mellem produkttyperne (ringe, halskæder, mv.). 
Proportionally equal distribution of price per gram.
Forholdsvis ligelig fordeling mellem produktkategorierne (guld, sølv, mv.). 
Proportionally equal distribution between the product types (rings, necklaces etc.).
Repræsentativ fordeling i forhold til oprindelsesland. 
Proportionally equal distribution between the product categories (gold, silver etc.).
Rimelig fordeling af indkøb i de forskellige butikstyper. 
A representative distribution in relation to country of origin.
De basale mål, der er anvendt til at beskrive sammenhængen mellem pris og kvalitet, er pris per vægtenhed (gram), idet råvarernes art og pris må formodes at være et væsentligt element i dette mål. 
The basic measurements used to describe the relation between price and quality is price per weight unit (gram) as the type and price of the raw materials may be expected to be a substantial element in this situation.
Det skal dog bemærkes, at det er vanskeligt at definere kvalitet i relation til smykker, idet der også indgår et vist mål af subjektiv æstetik i begrebet. 
However, it shall be mentioned that it is difficult to define quality in relation to jewelleries as also a certain degree of subjective aesthetics is included in the term.
For eksempel kan en høj forarbejdningsgrad (f.eks. i filigran-smykker) være en kvalitet, der indvirker på prisen, uden at de anvendte råvarer nødvendigvis er dyre. 
For instance, a high degree of processing (e.g. in filigree jewelleries) can be a quality, which influences the price without the used raw materials necessarily being expensive.
Tabellen nedenfor viser indkøbet af smykker fordelt i de forskellige pris/gram-forhold. 
The table below shows the purchase of jewelleries divided into the different relations regarding price/gram.
Tabel 3-3: fordelingen af smykker i de forskellige pris/gram-forhold 
Table 3-3: The division of jewelleries in the different relations regarding price/gram.
Produkttypen ”Andet” dækker over f.eks. tåringe m.v. 
The product type ”Others” covers for instance toe rings etc.
Det blev ligeledes forsøgt at indkøbe smykker fordelt ligeligt over de forskellige produktkategorier (ædelmetalbelagt guld; ædelmetallignende sølv; mv.). 
Furthermore, the purchase of the jewelleries was attempted to be equally divided on the different product categories (gold coated; silver-like etc.).
Imidlertid var det ikke muligt i indkøbssituationen at afklare, hvorvidt smykket rent faktisk indeholdt ædelmetal, ej heller om det i så fald var legeret eller belagt. 
However, in the purchase situation it was not possible to clarify whether the jewellery in fact contained precious metal, neither if it was alloyed or coated.
Så selvom der blev foretaget indkøb af flere omgange og smykkerne blev kategoriseret løbende, var det nødvendigt med en mere pragmatisk tilgang i købssituationen i form af nogle overordnede produktkategorier. 
Even if the purchases were made in several phases and the jewelleries were categorized continuously it was necessary with a more pragmatic approach to the purchase situation in the form of some overall product categories.
Dette betød, at der blev fokuseret på at indkøbe et repræsentativt udvalg af smykker i de overordnede produktkategorier: 'guldsmykker', 'sølvsmykker' og 'tydeligt uægte smykker'. 
This meant that focus was on purchasing a representative selection of jewelleries in the overall product categories “gold jewelleries”, “silver jewelleries” and “clearly non-precious jewelleries”.
Dvs. den overordnede produktkategori ”guldsmykker” inkluderede smykker belagt med guld samt guldlignende smykker. 
In other words, the overall product category “gold jewelleries” included jewelleries coated with gold as well as golden-like jewelleries.
Tabel 3-5: Fordeling af indkøb i relation til overordnet produktkategori. 
Table 3-5: Division of purchases in relation to overall product category.
3.2.4 Indkøb i relation til oprindelsesland 
3.2.4 Purchase in relation to country of origin
Da et af formålene med projektet var at afklare, hvorvidt der er en sammenhæng mellem indhold/afgivelse af tungmetal og oprindelsesland, blev det i indkøbssituationer så vidt muligt forsøgt at fremskaffe information vedrørende smykkets oprindelsesland. 
As one of the purposes with the project was to clarify whether there is a relation between content/release of heavy metal and country of origin it was attempted, if possible, in the purchase situation to get information about the country of origin of the jewellery.
Det viste sig imidlertid at være vanskeligt at fremskaffe information vedrørende oprindelsesland, idet de fleste ekspedienter ikke havde mulighed for at svare på dette. 
However, it turned out to be difficult to get information regarding country of origin as most of the shop assistants had no possibility of replying to this.
Nedenstående tabel repræsenterer den information, det er lykkedes at fremskaffe. 
The table below represents the procured information.