natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Ved doser adskillige størrelsesordener større end de, der indtages af mennesker, er der blevet påvist forskellige toksiske effekter, heriblandt blødningsforstyrrelser og skader på hjertet, reproduktionsorganer, adrenale kirtler, nyrer og lever. 
At doses several orders of magnitude greater than those ingested by humans a variety of toxic effects have been identified including bleeding disorders and damage to heart, reproductive organs, adrenal glands, kidney and liver.
Kun i mus medfører BHT også spredte lungeskader. 
In mice only, BHT also produces diffusive lung lesion.
Der er beskrevet to tilfælde, hvor BHT i forværrede symptomerne i patienter med kronisk urticaria. 
Two cases are reported where BHT in food aggravated symptoms in patients with chronic urticaria.
Indtagelse af 4 g BHT medførte alvorlige mavekramper, udbredt svaghed, kvalme, og opkastning efterfulgt af svimmelhed, fortumlethed og et kortvarigt tab af bevidsthed hos en 22-årig kvinde. 
Ingestion of 4 g of BHT caused severe epigastric cramping, generalized weakness, nausea, and vomiting followed by dizziness, confusion, and a brief loss of consciousness in a 22year old woman.
Indtagelse af 80 g BHT i farvetidselolie medførte en følelse af forvirring, vaklende gang, utydelig tale, og en følelse af at lyde og stemmer var “langt væk” hos en 24-årig kvinde. 
Ingestion of 80 g of BHT in safflower oil caused a feeling of light-headedness, unsteady gait, slurred speech, and a feeling of sounds and voices being "far away" in a 24-year old woman.
Objektive fund var taleforstyrrelser, skrævende gang, en positiv Romberg test, langsommere tankevirksomhed uden tankeforstyrrelser og hæmmet bevægelseskontrol af den venstre (dominante) arm. 
Objective findings were dysarthria, wide based gait, a positive Romberg test, slowed mentation without thought disorder and dysmetria of the left (dominant) arm.
Symptomerne klingede af den følgende dag. 
Symptoms subsided the following day.
(Der er ret tvivlsomt, at man er i stand til at indtage mængder på 80 gram BHT i farvetidselolie). 
(Reasonable doubt should be attached to the ability to ingest as much as 80 g of BHT in safflower oil).
Toksiske effekter er dog fundet ved doser adskillige størrelsesordener større end de, der indtages af mennesker. 
At doses several orders of magnitude greater than those ingested by humans a variety of toxic effects have been identified.
BHT er i følge EU´s kriterier klassificeret som sundhedsskadelig med R22. 
Therefore BHT is within the EC-criteria to be classified as harmful with R22.
Den beskrevne sensibiliserende effekt ved BHT opfylder EU´s kriterier for klassificering af BHT som sensibiliserende med R43. 
The reported sensitising effects of BHT fulfil the EC-criteria for classifying BHT as sensitising with R43.
Baseret på langtidsundersøgelser over 50 uger af hudtumorer i mus påført 0-20 mol/mus BHT-OOH to gange dagligt, og tegn på omdannelse af BHT i huden, kan det synes berettiget, at mistænke BHT for at være en kræftpromoter i huden. 
Based on a long-time study over 50 weeks of skin tumours in mice exposed to 0-20 mol/mouse BHT-OOH twice a day and the supporting evidence of dermal metabolism, it may seem justified to suspect BHT of being a cancer promoter in skin.
BHT synes at være moderat giftigt ved oral indtagelse og har vist allergifremkaldende egenskaber hos mennesker i adskillige tilfælde. 
BHT seems to be moderately toxic after oral ingestion and has shown allergenic properties in numerous human cases.
Den kritiske akutte effekt på mennesker er hudirritation (kontakt urticaria efter 20 minutters lappetest). 
The critical acute effect in humans is skin irritation (contact urticaria after a 20 minutes patch test).
NOAEL = 0.1% BHT i ethanol., 
NOAEL: 0.1% BHT in ethanol.
(Vol TemaNord; 1997:605CP - Environment) 
TemaNord; 1997:605CP - Environment)
Vol. 3. 2 ed. London: Macmillan; 1999. p. 
Vol. 3. 2 ed. London: Macmillan;1999.
Ikke på den provisoriske liste over monomere og additiver som af den Europæiske Kommission er tilladt i fremstillingen af fødevareemballage. 
No restrictions on the provisional lists of monomers and additives notified to European Commission as substances that may be used in the manufacture of plastics intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
0,7 g/100 ml, 20 °C 
0.7 g/100 ml at 20 °C
Let opløselig i propylen glycol og olie. 
Very soluble in propylene glycol and oils
Acetophenon kan optages i kroppen ved inhalation, indtagelse og hudabsorption. 
Acetophenon can enter the body by inhalation, ingestion or
Efter doseringen blev urinen opsamlet i 24 timer og analyseret for metabolitter. 
The urine was collected up to 24 hours after the final dose and analysed.
Mandelsyre og benzoylmyresyre var de primære metabolitter, mens omegahydroxyacetophenon (o-HA), phenylglyoxal og phenylethyleneglycol samt phenylglycolaldehyd var andre metabolitter. 
The final metabolites were mandelic acid and benzoylformic acid and other intermediates were omega-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HA), phenylglyoxal or phenylethylene glycol, and phenylglycol aldehyde.
Oral LD50 for rotter = 815 mg/kg bw. 
Oral LD50 in rats = 815 mg/kg bw.
Stoffet er moderat toksisk ved indtagelse. 
The compound is moderate toxic by ingestion.
Ingen effekter blev observeret hos raske personer, som indtog 100-300 mg acetophenon. 
Among healthy humans no effects were observed after ingestion of 100-300 mg acetophenon.
Dette fald var reversibelt, men forsøgsbeskrivelsen giver ingen oplysninger om tidsrammen for dette. 
The decrease was reversible but there is no information of the time.
En dermal LD50 = 1760 mg/kg bw i kaniner er angivet, men der er ikke oplysninger om den anvendte metode eller specificering af teststoffet. 
One report of a rabbit dermal LD50 of 1,760 mg/kg bw exists but there is no data of the method or the test substance.
I et andet forsøg døde samtlige forsøgsdyr (mus) efter, at deres hale havde været neddybbet i acetophenon i 4 timer. 
Another study reports that mice, who had their tails immersed in acetophenon for 4 hours, all died.
Påsmøringen af 515 mg acetophenon på kaninhud gav anledning til mild hudirritation. 
The application of 515 mg of acetophenon (open) to rabbit skin induced mild skin irritation.
Resultaterne af Ames' test med Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 og TA 1537 var negative. 
In Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 the results were negative.
Acetophenons virkning på en bakteriofags (PM2) evne til at reparere skadet DNA blev undersøgt. 
A DNA damage and repair assay was performed on DNA from the bacteriophage PM2.
Koncentrationen af acetophenon var 2,7 M og blev udført uden metabolisk aktivering. 
The concentration of acetophenon was 2.7 M and was performed without metabolic activation.
Acetophenons virkning blev udtrykt som en forandring af bakteriofagens evne til at reparere skader induceret af UV-bestråling (333 nm). 
The study investigated endonuclease-sensitive modifications and single strand breaks induced by UV (333nm) irradiation in the presence and absence of acetophenone.
Testen var positiv. 
The test was positive.
Der blev ikke observeret forandringer i drægtighedsperiode, kuldenes størrelse, ungernes vægt, tidsforløbet inden tænder og hår voksede frem, åbning af øjne eller udvikling af reflekser. 
No changes in gestation period, size of litter, weight of offspring, time for teeth and hair appearance, opening of eyes or appearance of reflexes were observed.
Hud, øjne, luftrør og centralnervesystemet er de organer, der bliver mest påvirket af acetophenon. 
Skin, eyes, respiratory tract and central nervous system are the organs most affected.
Stoffet irriterer huden og øjnene, men påføring af 2% acetophenon i vaseline irriterede ikke mennesker. 
It is found to be a skin and severe eye irritant but still a solution of 2 % acetophenon in petrolatum is reported not to induce any irritation on human skin.
2. NOEL = 300 mg acetophenon. 
2. NOEL = 300 mg acetophenone.
Der er i alt undersøgt otte hygiejnebind og trusseindlæg i projektet. 
A total of eight sanitary towels and panty liners were included in the project.
De øvrige komponenter er angivet som en gruppe betegnelse. 
The remaining components are stated with a group nomination.
For to af produkterne ses det, at gruppen af biphenyl- og indenforbindelser hovedsageligt stammede fra bagsiden af bindet, hvorfor komponenterne kunne stamme fra limen på bindets bagside. 
The group of biphenyl- and indene compounds originates primarily from the back of the towel for two of the products, for which reason the components may originate from the glue on the back of the towel.
For de samme to produkter kunne der påvises uidentificerede phthalater, der ikke kunne kvantificeres. 
In the same two samples unidentified phthalates were detected that could not be quantified.
Disse phthalat forbindelser kunne ligeledes påvises hovedsageligt at stamme fra bagsiden af bindet og dermed sandsynligvis fra limen. 
Likewise, these phthalate compounds originated primarily from the back of the sanitary towels and most probably from the glue on the back of the towel.
Der kunne ikke påvises et indhold af acrylater og phenoliske forbindelser i hygiejneprodukterne. 
No content of acrylates and phenol compounds could be detected in the hygiene products.
Endvidere kunne der ikke påvises et indhold af i alt otte forskellige organiske tinforbindelser. 
Furthermore, contents of eight different organic tin compounds could not be detected.
Ved analysen for ethanolaminer blev der i ét produkt påvist diethanolaminer i et niveau fra 8 til 13 mg/kg, mens der i fire produkter kunne påvises triethanolamin i et niveau fra 2 til 10 mg/kg. Monoethanolamin kunne ikke påvises. 
At the analysis for ethanolamines, diethanolamines were detected in one product in a level between 8 and 13 mg/kg, while triethanolamin was detected in four products in a level between 2 and 10 mg/kg. Monoethanolamin could not be detected.
I henhold til leverandørernes oplysninger gælder det for alle produkter, at der ikke er tilsat optisk hvidt til produktet. 
According to the suppliers' information no optical bleach has been added to any of the products.
For flere af produkterne gælder det, at der ikke er benyttet chlorholdige blegemidler ved produktionen. 
At the production of several of the products no chloric bleach have been used.
Et af produkter havde fluorescerende områder, hvilket kan skyldes et indhold af optisk hvidt. 
One of the products contained fluorescent areas that could be caused by a content of optical brightener.
Flere af produkterne havde fluorescerende områder svarende til limen på bagsiden af bindet/trusseindlægget. 
Several of the products had fluorescent areas corresponding to the glue on the back of the sanitary towel/panty liner.
Miljøstyrelsen oplyser, at der ikke findes QSAR data på 1,1'-(1butenyliden)benzene i Chem-X databasen. 
The Danish EPA (Miljøstyrelsen) has informed that no QSAR data on 1,1'(1-butenyliden)benzene are available in the Chem-X database.
En NOEL på 610 mg diethylhexyladipate /kg bw/day er specificeret i rotter doseret peroralt i et 90-dages forsøg. 
A NOEL of 610 mg diethylhexyladipate /kg bw/day is specified in rats in a 90-days peroral intake study.
1. den kritiske akutte effekt i et klinisk forsøg er hud- og øjenirritation. 
1. the critical acute effecting humans is skin and eye irritation.
NOAEL og LOAEL for hudirritation er: 
NOAEL and LOAEL for skin irritation is:
2. den kritiske effekt ved gentagen eksponering over længere tid hos rotter er lever- og nyreskader (ved dosering oralt/i bughulen). 
2. The critical effect from long-term, repeated exposurein rats is liver and kidney damage (oral/intraperitoneal administration).
NOAEL 0,02 g/kg kropsvægt 
NOAEL 0.02 g/kg bw
LOAEL 0,09 g/kg kropsvægt 
LOAEL 0.09 g/kg bw
1. at den kritiske, akutte virkning hos mennesker er irritation ved direkte kontakt med hud eller øjne med ufortyndet, ikke-neutraliseret væske. 
1. that the critical acute effect in humans is irritation from direct contact with skin or the eyes with the undiluted, unneutralized fluid.
LOAEL = 450 mg acetophenon 
LOAEL = 450 mg acetophenone.
Identifikation og bestemmelse af nanomaterialer 
Identifying and measuring nanomaterials
Rapporterne på denne side giver en introduktion til, hvor udfordringerne ligger. 
Reports below provide an intro-duction to these challenges.
Både Europa-Kommissionen og ISO har foreslået definitioner af nanomaterialer. 
Both the European Commission and ISO have formulated definitions of nanomaterials.
ISO har defineret en række begreber, der anvendes om nanomaterialer i teknisk sammenhæng, mens eu-Kommissionen har foreslået en definition af nanomaterialer, som benyttes i EU-lovgivning. 
While ISO has defined a range of terms related to nanomaterials to be used in technical contexts, the Commission recommends a definition of nanomaterial to be used in EU regulatory contexts.
EU-definitionen benyttes således i Bekendtgørelse 644/2014, som ligger til grund for det danske nanoproduktregister. 
The EU definition is used in the Statutory Order (644/2014) establishing the Danish nanoproduduct register.
Kilde: som tabel 1 og 2. 
Source: See Tables 1 and 2.
Figuren er konstrueret sådan at mængden i år 2004 er den samme som i 2000. 
The figure has been designed in a way that total waste amounts year 2004 are similar to waste amounts in 2000.
Dette skal ikke ses som et udtryk for en prognose om den fremtidige udvikling i affaldsmængderne. 
This should not be taken as an expression of projections of total waste amounts.
I mængden til genanvendelse indgår 510.155 tons til langtidslager og i mængden til forbrænding indgår 66.978 tons til anden udnyttelse (Carbogrit og cement produktion) 
In amounts for recycling are included 510,155 tonnes in long-term storage, and in amounts for incineration are included 66,978 tonnes for other recovery (Carbogrit and cement manufacture)
Kortlægning af kemiske stoffer i balloner 
Analysis of chemical substances in balloons
SAMMENFATNING OG KONKLUSIONER 1 INDLEDNING 
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 1 INTRODUCTION
2 KORTLÆGNING AF BALLONER PÅ MARKEDET 3 INDKØBTE BALLONER 4 UDVÆLGELSE AF BALLONER TIL ANALYSE 5 SCREENINGSANALYSER VED TLC 
2 ANALYSIS OF BALLOONS ON THE MARKET 3 PURCHASED BALLOONS 4 SELECTION OF BALLOONS FOR ANALYSIS 5 SCREENING ANALYSIS BY TLC
5.1 PRØVEFORBEREDELSE OG ANALYSEMETODE 
5.1 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS
6 SUPPLERENDE IDENTIFIKATION VED GC/MSHEADSPACEANALYSE 
6 SUPPLEMENTARY IDENTIFICATION BY GC/MS-HEADSPACE ANALYSIS
6.1.3 Resultater af verifikationsanalysen 
6.1.3 Results from the verification analysis
7 ANALYSE FOR NITROSAMINER OG NITROSERBARE 
7 ANALYSIS FOR NITROSAMINES AND NITROSATABLE
Nils H. Nilsson har samtidig fungeret som kontaktperson til Miljøstyrelsen. 
Materials Division, who has also been the responsible contact person to the
Der er i detailhandelen indkøbt 20 forskellige poser med balloner. 
For this study 20 different packs of balloons have been purchased at different retailers.
Oftest er ballonerne i forskellige farver, og de adskiller sig fra produkt til produkt også i form af størrelse og geometri. 
The balloons normally come in different colours and the various brands differ in size and geometry.
Desuden har andre butikstyper indgået i kortlægningen, men stadig er det generelle indtryk, at det er få grossister/fabrikanter, der dominerer det danske marked for balloner. 
Other types of shops have also been included in our analysis but still the general impression is that only a few wholesalers/manufacturers are dominating the Danish balloon market.
Endvidere er der krav om, at balloner fremstillet af naturlatex skal være mærket ”fremstillet af naturlatex”. 
A further requirement is that the balloons made of natural latex shall be marked ”contain natural rubber latex”.
Mærkningen af de indkøbte balloner er meget forskellig. 
The labelling of the purchased balloons differs a lot.
I nogle tilfælde er advarslerne ikke på dansk, og for nogle balloner er mærkningen mangelfuld. 
In some cases the warnings were not in Danish and some of the balloons had inadequate labelling.
Langt de fleste balloner fremstilles i naturlatex, men i en række tilfælde er det ikke anført på emballagen. 
The majority of the balloons are made of natural latex, but more of them had no informative label about this.
Tolv af de indkøbte balloner har været screenet ved tyndtlagschromatografi (TLC) for at konstatere, hvilke acceleratortyper der har været anvendt ved vulkaniseringen. 
Twelve of the purchased balloons have been screened by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to determine the accelerator types used by vulcanisation.
Til gengæld afgav alle balloner nitrosaminer i koncentrationer større end accepteret for narresutter og nipler til sutteflasker. 
The result was that there was no measurable release of heavy metal, but all the balloons gave off nitrosamines in concentrations higher than allowed for soothers and bottle teats.
Der fandtes overraskende stor afgivelse af nitroserbare stoffer sted. 
Surprisingly, the release of nitrosatable substances was generally in very high concentrations.
I to tilfælde var indholdet så højt, at den standardiserede metode ikke inden for den i metoden angivne reaktionstid formåede at omdanne de aminer, der fandtes i størst mængde fuldstændig. 
In two cases the contents was so high that the standardised method could not completely convert those of the amines, which were highest in concentration, within the reaction time for conversion to nitrosamines.
Dernæst følger zinksaltet af dimethyldithiocarbamat, som ofte anvendes i kombination med zinksaltet af dibutyldithiocarbamin syren. 
Second comes the zinc salt of dimethyldithiocarbamate, which is often applied in combination with the zinc salt of dibutyldithiocarbamatic acid.
I Tyskland er der fastlagt grænseværdier for afgivelse af nitrosaminer og nitroserbare stoffer fra balloner. 
Germany has laid down limit values for release of nitrosamines and nitrosatable substances from balloons.
De analyserede balloner overholdt alle en grænseværdi på 0,2 mg/kg for migration af nitrosaminer efter DS/EN 12868, men kun en af de fire analyserede balloner overholdt kravet til nitroserbare stoffer på 2 mg/kg. Denne ballontype bar TÜV kvalitetsmærke. 
The analysed balloons all complied with the limit value of 0.2 mg/kg for migration of nitrosamines according to DS/EN 12868, but only one of the four analysed balloons complied with the requirement to nitrosatable substances of 2 mg/kg. This balloon type bore the TÜV quality mark.
Ved 150 ºC blev der for de fire udvalgte balloner udført en analyse af de flygtige stoffer, der dannes ved sønderdeling af gummikemikalier. 
At 150 ºC a headspace GC/MS analysis was made of the volatile substances formed by decomposition of rubber chemicals.
Det er en meget stor skare af forskellige nedbrydningsprodukter fra de kemiske stoffer i ballonerne. 
A wide range of different degradation products are formed from the chemical substances in the balloons.
Denne analyse er brugt til at understøtte resultaterne af den tyndtlagschromatografiske screening. 
This analysis has been used to confirm the results from the TLC screening.
Der blev konstateret afgasning af flere sundhedsproblematiske organiske stoffer fra en ballon indkøbt i en discountbutik. 
The analysis established evaporation of several hazardous organic substances from a balloon purchased in a discount store.
De øvrige tre ballontyper gav ikke afgasning af disse forbindelser. 
The other three balloon types showed no degassing of these chemical substances.
Ved headspace ved 80 ºC af de fire balloner blev der konstateret afgasning af carbondisulfid fra alle de analyserede balloner. 
A headspace analysis at 80 ºC of the balloons demonstrated liberation of carbon disulfide from the four analysed balloons.
For ballonen indkøbt i discountbutikken, var der tillige afgasning af dibutylamin og BHT (antioxidant). 
The balloon from the discount store also liberated dibutylamine and BHT (antioxidant).
Balloner er et yndet legetøj blandt børn, og der findes mange forskellige balloner på markedet. 
Balloons are popular toys among children and the market offers a variety of different balloons.
Langt de fleste balloner fremstilles i naturlatex. 
Almost all the balloons are made of natural latex.
Der er særlig fokus på afgivelse af nitrosaminer fra balloner, idet flere undersøgelser har vist, at der afgives kræftfremkaldende nitrosaminer ved migrationstests til kunstigt spyt. 
Special focus is on the release of nitrosamines from balloons as several studies have shown that carcinogenic nitrosamines are given off in migration tests to artificial saliva.
Nitrosaminerne dannes fra omdannelsesprodukter i form af sekundære aminer fra de anvendte vulkaniseringsacceleratorer. 
The nitrosamines are formed from secondary amines liberated from the accelerators used.
Andre stoffer kan også være problematiske; det gælder thiuramacceleratorerne og mercaptobenzothiazol (MBT), som kan give type IVallergi. 
Other substances might be harmful to the health, i.a. problematical such as thiuram accelerators and mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), which may cause type IV-allergy.
Balloner er indfarvet i forskellige farver, hvorfor farvestoffer også kan være problematiske. 
Balloons are dyed in different colours and therefore colorants may also present a risk.
Endelig er det velkendt, at proteinerne i naturlatex for en meget lille del af befolkningen kan give anledning til type I-allergi, som kan være livstruende. 
Finally it is a well-known fact that for a small part of the population the proteins in natural latex may cause type I-allergy, which may be life threatening.
Dette aspekt er ikke genstand for et nærmere studium i nærværende, begrænsede projekt, men det kan tilføjes, at det især er ved sprængning/punktering af ballonerne, at der er fare for påvirkning af proteinerne, hvis ballonerne er pudret med majsstivelse eller andre slipmidler (talkum) der tilsættes til det færdige produkt for at mindske gummiets klæbrighed. 
This aspect will not be studied in detail in this limited project, but it should be added that especially by bursting of balloons there is a risk of affecting the proteins if the balloons are powdered with corn starch or other release agents (talc) which are added to the finished product in order to reduce the tackiness of the rubber.
Naturgummiet, der anvendes til fremstilling af balloner, udvindes fra træet Hevea Brasiliensis, hvorfra gummisaften tappes fra træets bark i form af latex. 
Natural rubber is extracted from the tree Hevea Brasiliensis, where the rubber latex is drained from the cortex in the form of latex.
Latexen stabiliseres med ammoniak for at undgå, at den koagulerer. 
The latex is stabilised with ammonia to avoid coagulation.
Latex kan direkte efter tilsætning af dispergerede gummikemikalier anvendes til fremstilling af balloner eller andre dyppede produkter (eksempelvis suttenipler, handsker og kondomer). 
Immediately after dispersing of rubber chemicals the latex can be used for production of balloons or other dipped products (e.g. bottle teats, gloves and condoms).
Ofte sker der en prævulkanisering ved opvarmning af latexopløsningen til 60-70 °C i en kortere periode (ca. 6 timer). 
A prevulcanisation will often take place when heating the latex solution to 60-70 °C for a shorter period (approx. 6 hours).
Latexen, der anvendes, har typisk et tørstofindhold på 60 % w/w. 
The latex used for balloons normally has a dry matter content of 60 % w/w.
Nitrosaminer kan dannes oxidativt ud fra de aminer, der kan fraspaltes fra de anvendte thiuram-ultraacceleratorer under vulkaniseringen af naturlatex. 
Nitrosamines can be formed oxidatively from the amines that can be liberated from the applied thiuram-ultra accelerators during vulcanisation of the natural latex.
• Zink diethyl dithiocarbamat 
• Zink diethyl dithiocarbamate
• Zink di-n-butyl dithiocarbamat 
• Zink di-n-butyl dithiocarbamate
• Zink dibenzyl dithiocarbamat 
• Zink dibenzyl dithiocarbamate
ZBED • Zink pentamethylen dithiocarbamat ZPD 
ZBED • Zink pentamethylene dithiocarbamate ZPD