natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I forbindelse med manuel påføring giver en producent følgende anvisninger til operatørerne: 
A manufacturer provides the following instructions for operators for manual application:
Operatøren bør bære støvmaske i tilfælde af, at der anvendes et manuelt spraysystem eller, at operatøren er til stede under udførelsen af autospray” (2). 
The operator should wear a dust mask if a manual spray system is used or if the operator is present during autospray" (2).
En anden producent anbefaler til gravide kvinder: ” Tanning Spray er et ikke-giftigt, fødevaregodkendt produkt. 
Another manufacturer recommends for expectant mothers: "Tanning spray is a non-toxic, food-approved product.
Selv om producenten ikke har modtaget information fra nogen sundhedsmyndighed, der indikerer skadelige effekter på gravide, anbefales de at konsultere deres læge, før de modtager en behandling med selvbrunerprodukter i kabiner” (3). 
Although [the manufacturer] has no information from any health authority that indicates harmful effects on pregnant women, we recommend that you consult your doctor before receiving treatment with self-tanning products in booths" (3).
Samme producent anbefaler til diabetikere: ” [producenten] har ikke modtaget besked fra nogen sundhedsmyndighed, der indikerer en risiko for en diabetiker. 
The same manufacturer's recommendations for diabetics: "[The manufacturer] has no information from any health authority that indicates risks for diabetics.
Producenten anbefaler dog enhver med en medicinsk lidelse at konsultere deres læge, før de modtager en behandling med selvbrunere i kabiner”(3). 
However, [the manufacturer] recommends that anyone with a medical condition should contact their doctor before receiving treatment with self-tanning products in booths"(3).
Som følge af den øgede popularitet af selvbrunerkabiner anbefaler US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), at kunderne skal bede om særlig beskyttelse med henblik på at undgå eksponering af øjne, læber og slimhinder og at forebygge indånding/indtagelse ved fx at bede om næsefiltre. 
As a result of the increasing popularity of self-tanning booths, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that customers ask for special protection in order to avoid exposure of the eyes, lips and mucous membranes and in order to prevent inhalation/ingestion, for example by asking for nose filters.
3.2.3 Personalets vejledning til kunder 
3.2.3 Advice for customers from personnel
De fleste producenter af selvbrunende kabiner har deres egen hjemmeside, hvor de offentliggør instruktioner og anbefalinger til kunder i form af besvarelser af ”de oftest stillede spørgsmål”. 
Most manufacturers of self-tanning booths have their own website on which they publish instructions and recommendations by replying to FAQs.
Operatørerne undervises i de samme sikkerhedsanvisninger og i, hvordan de besvarer spørgsmål. 
Operators are trained in the same safety instructions and in how to reply to questions.
I forbindelse med kundens førstegangsbesøg stiller operatøren typisk følgende sundhedsrelaterede spørgsmål til kunden (1): 
On the first visit, the operator will usually ask the customer the following health-related questions (1):
Er kunden klar over, hvordan selvbrunere virker? 
Do you know how self-tanning works?
Dette giver operatøren muligheden for at forklare hvordan DHA virker. 
This enables the operator to explain how DHA works.
Hvilken hudfarve har kunden normalt (lys, medium, mørk)? 
What is your normal skin colouring (light, medium, dark)?
Jo mørkere hudfarve desto større effekt har DHA. 
The darker the skin colour the greater the effect of DHA.
Hvilken hudtype har kunden (tør, normal, fedtet)? 
What type of skin do you have (dry, normal, greasy)?
Jo mere tør huden er, desto mere effektivt vil DHA penetrere huden. 
The drier the skin, the more effectively the DHA will penetrate the skin.
Det betyder også, at tørre hudområder som fx fødder, hæle, knæ, albuer, hænder og fingerspidser får mørke plamager på de tørre områder. 
This also means that areas of dry skin such as feet, knees, elbows, hands and fingertips get dark smudges.
Tørre områder foreslås beskyttet med barrierecreme inden spraybehandlingen gennemføres. 
It is suggested that dry areas are protected with a barrier cream before spraying commences.
Skal kunden være brun til en bestemt anledning? 
Do you want to be brown for a special occasion?
Hvis kunden skal på ferie bør salonmedarbejderen nævne, at selvbruner ikke giver beskyttelse mod solen. 
If the customer is to go on vacation, the salon personnel should mention that the self-tanning product will not protect against the sun.
Bruger kunden solarium? 
Do you use a solarium?
Dette skyldes dels at opvarmningen af kundens krop vil åbne porerne og gøre huden mere modtagelig for DHA, samt det at kunden skal undgå at svede umiddelbart efter påførelsen af DHA. 
This is because heating the body will open the pores and make the skin more receptive to DHA, and the customer should avoid sweating immediately after application of DHA.
Lider kunden af astma? 
Do you suffer from asthma?
Enkelte astmatikere kan også være allergiske for DHA. 
Some asthmatics can also be allergic to DHA.
Selv om kunderne bliver bedt om ikke at inhalere DHA, så anbefaler salonmedarbejderne/ producenterne kunden at medbringe sin inhalator, hvis uheldet skulle være ude. 
Although customers are asked not to inhale DHA, the salon personnel/manufacturers recommend that the customer bring an inhaler in case of accidents.
Visse udbydere af selvbruning beder også astmatiske kunder om at rådføre sig med egen læge før behandling. 
Some suppliers of self-tanning products also ask asthmatic customers to seek advice from their doctor before treatment.
Er kunden gravid? 
Are you pregnant?
Gravide kunder anbefales ikke at anvende selvbrunere de første 12 uger af graviditeten. 
Expectant mothers are recommended not to use self-tanning products during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Ammende mødre bedes tildække barmen under behandlingen, så det sikres at barnet ikke indtager rester af DHA. 
Nursing mothers are asked to cover their breasts during application to ensure that the child does not ingest DHA residues.
Har kunden meget sensitiv hud? 
Do you have very sensitive skin?
Hvis ja, og kunden ikke tidligere har prøvet DHA, kan det være en god idé at lave en lille test (typisk bag ved øret) for at undersøge om huden reagerer negativt på DHA. 
If the answer is yes, and the customer has not previously had DHA treatment, it may be advisable to make a small test (usually behind the ear) to see whether the skin reacts to the DHA.
Har kunden en hudlidelse? 
Do you have a skin condition?
Hvis kunden har en hudlidelse som fx psoriasis eller eksem vil DHA pga. tør hud penetrere disse områder mere intensivt. 
If the customer has a skin condition such as psoriasis or eczema, DHA will penetrate the dry areas with this condition more intensively.
Områderne kan beskyttes med barrierecreme, men er lidelsen meget udbredt, bør kunden rådgives til ikke at anvende selvbruner. 
The areas can be protected with barrier cream, but if the condition is widespread, the customer should seek advice before using self-tanner.
Åbne sår beskyttes med plaster og sårskorper beskyttes med barrierecreme. 
Open cuts should be protected with plasters and healing cuts with barrier cream.
Vil kunden købe et næsefilter? 
Would you like to buy a nose filter?
Kunden skal gøres opmærksom på, at DHA ikke bør indåndes. 
The customer should be made aware that DHA should not be inhaled.
Operatøren kan derfor tilbyde kunden et næsefilter, som kunden kan trække vejret igennem under behandlingen. 
The operator can therefore offer the customer a nose filter through which she can breathe during treatment.
I USA udbyder the National Tanning Training Institute kurser, der fører til certificering. 
In the US, the National Tanning Training Institute offers courses leading to certification.
Dette er populært, da visse stater i USA kræver uddannelse af personalet før udstedelse af licenser til skønhedssaloner (1). 
These are popular as some US states require personnel training before issuing licences to beauty salons (1).
4 Indholdsstoffer i produkter 
4 Substances contained in products
Antallet af selvbrunerprodukter på markedet stiger, samtidig med at flere producenter af selvbrunerkabiner producerer deres egne produkter. 
The number of self-tanning products on the market is growing, and more manufacturers of self-tanning booths are making their own products.
DHA, bronzere og befugtere er de oftest forekommende indholdsstoffer i denne type af kommercielt tilgængelige selvbrunerprodukter. 
DHA, bronzers and moisturisers are the most common ingredients in this type of commercially available self-tanning product.
De resterende indholdsstoffer nævnt i punkt 4-11 nedenfor er almindelige i mange selvbrunende produkter. 
The remaining ingredients mentioned in 4-11 below are common in many self-tanning products.
Almindelige selvbrunende midler indeholder typisk 3-14 % DHA. 
Ordinary self-tanning agents typically contain 3-14 per cent DHA.
Selvbrunere, der sælges i håndkøb, indeholder lavere koncentration af DHA (typisk 3-5 %) end de selvbrunerprodukter, der bruges i professionelle sprøjtekabiner (typisk 8-14 %). 
Self-tanners sold over the counter contain lower concentrations of DHA (typically 3-5 per cent) than self-tanning products used in professional spraying booths (typically 8-14 per cent).
De højeste koncentrationer findes i de midler, der bruges i forbindelse med de moderne sprøjtekabiner, hvor væskeforbruget reduceres, og koncentrationen af DHA øges for at opnå øget bruningseffekt (1). 
The highest concentrations are in the agents used in modern spraying booths where the consumption of lotion is reduced and the concentration of DHA is increased in order to achieve a better tanning effect (1).
Mange selvbrunere indeholder et almindeligt farvestof (bronzer), der straks ved påføringen farver huden brun. 
Many self-tanning products contain an ordinary dyestuff (bronzer) which colours the skin immediately after application.
Det tjener det formål, at man nemt kan se hvor selvbrunerprodukter er påført og derved undgå ”helligdage”, dvs. områder uden DHA. 
This means that it is easy to see where the self-tanning product has been applied and therefore avoid missed patches without DHA.
Mange kunder synes tillige godt om, at de kan se en øjeblikkelig effekt. 
Many customers also seem to like seeing an immediate effect.
Det er væsentligt at understrege, at bronzeren ikke har nogen indvirkning på selvbrunerprodukters egentlige effekt. 
It is important to stress that the bronzer does not influence the final effect of the self-tanning product.
Bronzeren vaskes af første gang kunden går i bad. 
The bronzer washes off in the shower.
De mest almindelige stoffer, som bruges som bronzere og som er beskrevet i patenterne er karamel, Carmine (CI 75470) og diverse nøddeolier fra fx kastanjer og valnødder. 
The most common bronzers, which are also described in the patents, are caramel, Carmine (CI 75470) and various nut oils from, for example, chestnuts and walnuts.
Befugtere bruges også af de fleste producenter. 
Moisturisers are also used by most manufacturers.
Mest almindelige er glycerin og diverse planteekstrakter, fx aloe og glycerin. 
The most common are glycerine and various plant extracts, e.g. aloe.
Der foreligger kun begrænsede data for flere af stofferne/stofgrupperne. 
The health assessment focuses on dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as the active ingredient in self-tanning agents.
DHA blev administreret oralt til behandling af "childhood glycogen storage disease". 
Only limited data is available for several of the substances/substance groups.
Man ved dog bl. 
Occurrence and use
a., at keto- eller aldoforbindelsen reagerer med en amin (hudens aminosyrer) under dannelse af en ketoimin eller en aldoimin. 
DHA is a molecule with three carbon atoms and it is the most commonly used active ingredient in self-tanning preparations.
DHA farver ikke andre overflader end stratum corneum, dvs. ikke slimhinder. 
DHA was administered orally to treat childhood glycogen storage disease.
Toksikologiske data (dyr) 
Water solubility (mg/l)
Der er ikke foretaget nyere undersøgelser af denne art. 
Heating or melting converts the DHA to monomer form.
Ældre undersøgelser af Akin et al. og Goldman et al. viser, at DHA ikke har vist toksisk eller carcinogen effekt. 
As the equilibrium is shifted towards glyceraldehyde at higher pH values, the equilibrium depends on the pH of the solution.
Glycerin er optaget på INCI-listen og er ikke begrænset i forhold til anvendelsen i kosmetiske produkter iht. kosmetikbekendtgørelsen. 
Because of an in vitro study, DHA is suspected of being a genotoxic substance with mutagenic properties.
Polysorbater er ikke reguleret i kosmetikbekendtgørelsen, men anvendelsen i kosmetiske produkter er vurderet af et ekspertpanel. 
It may be advisable to protect the lips with a lip-salve and the nose with nose filters prior to treatment.
Effektiviteten tiltager, og vandopløseligheden aftager ved længere alkylkæder. 
There is no information on the concentrations tested.
Der beskrives to forskellige worst-case scenarier. 
Erythrulose is not on the INCI list.
Kunden forlader kabinen efter sprayningen er ophørt. 
Methyl, ethyl and propyl parabens can be absorbed through the skin.
I forbindelse med brug af sprøjtekabiner dannes mere eller mindre sprøjtetåge, bestående af små væskedråber (aerosoler). 
NERI has carried out air measurements in the booths during use by customers, representing the impact on the customer.
Store aerosoler/partikler er relativt uafhængige af den omgivende lufts bevægelse, hvorimod tilpas små aerosoler følger luftens bevægelser. 
Moreover, measurements have been conducted in the room outside the booths while the customer is using the booths.
Kunderne instrueres i at holde øjnene lukkede under alle behandlinger. 
NERI has carried out measurements during treatment of a customer with a manual turbine spray.
Flere saloner anbefaler brug af engangstrusser. 
The results from the completed measurements are summarised in the table below.
Worst-case vil være en kvindelig kunde. 
Average daily exposure via airways is calculated as:
Det fremgår også af ovenstående beregninger, at eksponering af øjne og slimhinder udgør en større kvantitativ belastning end eksponering via indånding 
Besides measuring the aerosol mist in the booth, measurements were also carried out of the background concentrations outside the booth, typically where the operator and waiting customers are.
Operatørerne instruerer kunderne i at bruge næsefiltre og at klemme læberne sammen under behandlingen i automatkabinerne for således at undgå indånding af produkterne. 
The values measured are a worst-case scenario as the three treatments are completed within a short period of time.
Operatøren beder her kunden om at holde øjnene lukkede, at bruge næsefilter samt at klemme læberne sammen ved sprøjtning af kroppens øvre dele omkring hals og hoved. 
NERI's background measurements during treatment of customers were carried out for open booths and manual turbine spraying together, i.e. it is not possible to separate the air impacts from the two types of treatment.
Den tilgængelige dokumentation om DHA's toksicitet er begrænset og bygger i de fleste tilfælde på dårligt dokumenterede og forældede metoder. 
Large aerosols/particles are relatively independent of the surrounding movement in the air, whereas small aerosols follow the movements in the air.
Der foreligger ingen resultater der viser, at DHA har de samme effekter i menneskers hud. 
Many of these will be deposited in the upper airways and on the larynx.
Selvbrunerprodukter bør ikke indåndes eller komme i kontakt med slimhinder. 
Not all respirable particles are deposited in the alveolar ducts, some are exhaled again.
Hold munden lukket og beskyt læberne med læbepomade under behandlingen. 
The distribution of the droplet size was only registered at one measurement.
Gravide og ammende bør undgå at bruge selvbrunerprodukter i spraykabiner. 
The techniques in the various booths are different and therefore the droplet size also differs.
Self-tanning lotions : are they a healthy way to achieve a tan? 
This meant higher air concentrations in the background measurements than for normal operation.
Desuden undersøgtes eksponeringen i opholdslokaler ved siden af behandlingskabinerne. 
The customer stands on two metal plates that work as grounders.
Der er blevet udviklet metoder til opsamling og analyse af dihydroxyacetone i selvbruner lotion. 
Self-tanning lotion is sprayed from two vertical rows of nozzles in fine droplets.
Målingerne må betragtes som minimumskoncentrationer, da der kan være ureageret DHA, der har passeret den sidste vaskeflaske. 
The customer is instructed to close her eyes and hold her breath during treatment.
Further we studied the exposure with DHA in rooms adjacent to the tanning cabins. 
Self-tanning lotion is applied to the entire body whilst the customer turns around.
We used a series of impingers containing a derivatisation agent. 
The customer is instructed to close her eyes during treatment.
Formålet med projektet er: 
The booth consists of two compartments.
at bestemme den mængde DHA i små dråber, som en person potentielt vil kunne indånde under en professionel behandling med selvbruner-lotion. 
The customer hangs her kimono in the outer compartment and activates the spray programme.
at måle den mængde DHA i små dråber, der er i opholdslokaler nær kabiner hvor der behandles med selvbruner-lotion. 
The customer then steps into the inner compartment, where self-tanning lotion is sprayed through three rows of nozzles.
Selvbruner lotion udsprøjtes fra to vertikale rækker dyser i fine dråber. 
Excess lotion was rubbed into the skin until it was dry.
Kunden bliver instrueret om at lukke øjnene og holde vejret under behandlingen. 
The concentration of DHA was measured in the area outside the spraying booth at both locations.
Den anvendte spray virkede efter et HVLP princip (High Volume Low Pressure) turbineprincip, som giver et mindre overskud af lotion end den såkaldte airbrush, som anvendes nogle steder. 
The principle behind the separation of the two sizes is the same as in an impactor for collection of particles/droplets of different sizes.
Et lille filter, som sættes op i begge næsebor, filtrerer indåndingsluften. 
Here D is the diameter of the entrance hole and v is the flow at the entrance hole.
Kabinen består af to rum. 
Hose for collection of small droplets
Der blev opsamlet prøve fra start af behandling til udtræden i forrummet. 
To be cleaned subsequently - NOT to be analysed.
Overskydende lotion blev gnedet ind i huden, til den var tør. 
Outline illustrating the principle for the inlet to collect droplets.
På begge lokaliteter blev koncentrationen af DHA målt i området uden for sprøjtekabinen. 
They are the first to have been able to measure hydroxycarbonyls, such as hydroxyacetone.
De er de første, der har kunnet måle hydroxycarbonyler, f.eks. hydroxyacetone. 
In the front purifying flask, the airflow passes through an open tube to catch drops.
Luften suges ved hjælp af en pumpe gennem det ovenfor beskrevne inlet og videre gennem vaskeflaskerne. 
At the manufacturer, this was done on a trolley in the room next to the booths.
Dette foregik hos producenten på et rullebord i lokalet ved siden af kabinerne. 
This method was developed to analyse a number of carbonyls in outdoor air, including hydroxyacetone, but not dihydroxyacetone.
Denne metode blev udviklet til analyse af en række carbonyler i udeluft herunder hydroxyacetone, men ikke dihydroxyacetone. 
However, preliminary lab tests showed poor recovery rates, probably because the dihydroxy compound is not sufficiently derivatised with BSTFA.
Eluent B var 90% methanol og 10% 5 mmol ammoniumacetat. 
Eluent B was 90 per cent methanol and 10 per cent 5 mmol ammonium acetate.
Chromatograferingen foregik over 45 min. med lineær gradient. 
The chromatography took place over a 45-minute period with a linear gradient.
Figur 7 viser et chromatogram. 
Figure 7 shows a chromatogram.
Derefter blev komponenterne detekteret ved dobbelt masse spektrometri (MS-MS) på et Sciex API 2000 massespektrometer. 
Subsequently, the components were detected using a double mass spectrometry (MS-MS) on a Sciex API 2000 mass spectrometer.
Stofferne blev ioniseret ved electrospray ionization (ESI) som danner positive molekylære ioner [M+H]+. 
The substances were ionised with electrospray ionisation (ESI), which forms positive molecular ions [M+H]+.
Det ioniserede molekyle isoleres i den første MS (kvadrupol) og fragmenteres under påføring af elektrisk energi og en kollisions gas (nitrogen). 
The ionised molecule is isolated in the first MS (quadrupole) and fragments when exposed to electrical energy and a collision gas (nitrogen).
Et karakteristisk fragment isoleres i anden MS (kvadrupol), hvorved kun den komponent, der kan opfylde disse karv såvel som retentionstidskravet (samme retentionstid for standard og prøve) bliver positiv detekteret i prøven. 
A characteristic fragment is isolated in the second MS (quadrupole) whereby only the component meeting these requirements as well as the retention time requirement (same retention time for standard and sample) is positively detected in the sample.
DHA derivatiseret med PFBHA danner en positiv ion ved m/z 286 og 2 specifikke produkt ioner ved m/z 268 og 181 efter fragmentering. 
DHA derivatised with PFBHA forms a positive ion at m/z 286 and 2 specific product ions at m/z 268 and 181 after fragmentation.
Indhold af DHA i prøverne er beregnet ved lineær regression overfor kalibreringsstandarder. 
The DHA content in the samples is calculated using linear regression against calibration standards.
I forbindelse med prøvetagningen blev størrelsesfordelingen af dråber målt med Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer (fra TSI). 
In connection with the sampling session, the distribution of droplet sizes was measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer (from TSI).
Instrumentet er venligst udlånt af Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet (Keld Alstrup Jensen). 
The instrument is on loan from the National Institute of Occupational Health (Keld Alstrup Jensen).
Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) måler den aerodynamiske diameter af partikler i 51 størrelsesklasser fra 0,5 og op til 20 mikrometer. 
The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) measures the aerodynamic diameter of particles in 51 size classes from 0.5 and up to 20 micrometres.
Tidsopløsningen i forsøgene var 1 sekund. 
The time resolution in the tests was 1 second.
I opholdslokalet ved siden af kabinen blev der målt før første behandling, under begge behandlinger med personer i kabinen og efter alle tre sprøjtninger i kabinen. 
In the room next to the booth, measurements were taken before the first treatment, during both treatments with people in the booth, and after all three spraying sessions in the booth.
I selve kabinen blev dråbestørrelsesfordelingen målt under en sprøjtning uden en person i kabinen. 
In the booth itself, the distribution of droplet sizes was measured during a spraying session without a person in the booth.
Ion kromatogram af en opkoncentreret prøve 
Ion chromatogram of a concentrated sample
Resultater og diskussion 
Results and discussion
Tabel 1 viser resultaterne af måling af DHA i dråber < 12µm i diameter i behandlingskabinerne. 
Table 1 shows the results of a measurement of DHA in drops < 12 µm in diameter in the treatment booths.
Der var også DHA i den sidste flaske i rækken, hvilket tyder på, at DHA ikke har kunnet nå at reagere kvantitativt med derivatiseringsreagenset. 
There was also DHA in the last bottle in the series, which seems to indicate that DHA has not had enough time to react quantitatively with the derivatisation reagent.
Et prøveopsamlingssted blev vaskeflaskerne hældt om i lokalet ved siden af kabinenerne. 
At one sampling location, the purifying flasks were rebottled in the room next to the booths.