natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Da octyl- og nonylphenolpolyethoxylater kan nedbrydes til nonylphenol, som er svært nedbrydeligt og har vist hormonlignende effekter, er det valgt at medtage disse i analyseprogrammet. 
As octyl and nonylphenolpolyethoxylates can be decomposed to nonylphenol, which cannot degrade easily and has shown harmone-like effects, it was decided to include these in the analysis programme.
Prøverne er analyseret for indhold af nonyl- og octylphenolpolyethoxylater ved specifik analyse. 
It was analysed if the samples contained nonyl and octylphenolethoxylates, using a specific analysis.
Kemiske rensevæsker med indhold af tetrachlorethylen angives at kunne indeholde stabilisatorer i form af alkylaminer (Kemikalier og Sikkerhed, 2002). 
Chemical cleaning fluids containing tetrachlorethylen may contain stabilizers in the form of alkyl amines (Kemikalier og Sikkerhed, 2002).
Der findes ingen tilsvarende oplysninger for kulbrinte- eller glycoletherbaserede rensevæsker. 
No corresponding information is available for hydrocarbon or glycolether-based cleaning fluids.
For at undersøge om tilsætning af denne type stabilisatorer også kan være tilfældet for de alternative rensevæsker er der foretaget en screening for alkylaminer. 
To investigate if this kind of stabilizers is also added to the alternative cleaning fluids, a screening for alkyl amines has been carried out.
Der er medtaget referencer for en række glycolethere, n-octan, n-triacontan samt tetrachlorethylen. 
Internal standards have been included for glycolether, n-octane, n-triacontane and tetrachlorethylen.
For alkylaminer medtager metoden flygtige og semiflygtige forbindelser. 
For alkyl amines, the method includes volatile and semi volatile compounds.
I bilag 7 er vedlagt en detaljeret beskrivelse af de anvendte metoder. 
Please see appendix 7 for a detailed description of the methods used.
Alle kemiske analyser i forbindelse med projektet er gennemført ved Eurofins Danmark A/S. 
All chemical analyses of this project have been carried out by Eurofins Denmark A/S.
Resultatet af de gennemførte analyser fremgår af tabel 5.2. 
The result of the analyses appears from table 5.2.
Bis(ethylhexyl)maleat 
Bis(ethylhexyl)maleate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) 
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) C,
Oplyst anvendt i renseri 
Used in dry-cleaning shop D, E and G
D, E og G 
C and D
C og D D, E og F D og E D og E 
D, E and F D and E D and E
Butoxyethoxyethanol (CAS nr. 112-34-5) 
Butoxyethoxyethanol (CAS number 112-34-5)
Dipropylenglycol-t-butylether (CAS nr. 132739-31-2) 
Dipropylenglycol-t-butylether (CAS number 132739-31-2)
Butoxyethanol (CAS nr. 111-76-2) 
Butoxyethanol (CAS number 111-76-2)
Butyldiglycolacetat (CAS nr. 124-17-4) 
Butyldiglycolacetate (CAS number 124-17-4)
N,N-dimethylalkylaminer (C10C12) 
N,N-dimethylalkylamines (C10-C12)
Substituerede alkylbenzener C12-C14 
Substituted alkylbenzenes C12-C14
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) natriumsulfosuccinat 
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) natrium sulfo succinate
Oplyst anvendt i renseri 
Used in dry-cleaning shop
C og F A og D D, E og G 
C and F A and D D, E and G
2-Propylenglycol-t-butylether (CAS nr. 57018-52-7) 
2-Propylenglycol-t-butylether (CAS number 57018-52-7)
N,N-dimethylalkylaminer (C10-C12) 
N,N-dimethyl alkylamines (C10-C12)
Ved analysen er der konstateret en multikomponentblanding af glycolethere. 
During the analysis, a multi component mixture of glycolether was demonstrated.
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) er identificeret på baggrund af kromatogrammets udseende (”fingerprint”). 
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) was identified on the basis of the chromatogram (”fingerprint”).
Der er tale om en multikomponentblanding med en karakteristisk sammensætning af flere mindre grupper af ensartede blandinger. 
The mixture is a multi component mixture with a characteristic composition of several small groups of homogenous mixtures.
Databladet for produkter angiver indhold af poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl). 
The product data sheet states the content of poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl).
Det har ikke været muligt at verificere dette med en referencestandard , men vurderes at være en plausibel identifikation på baggrund af sammensætningen. 
It has not been possible to verify this with a reference standard, but it is considered an acceptable identification on the basis of the composition.
5.4 Analyseresultater - destilat og kontraktvand 
5.4 Analysis results - distillate and contact water
Resultater af analysen af destillaterne fra de to renserier for indhold af flygtige organiske opløsningsmidler fremgår af tabel 5.3. 
The distillate analysis results from the two dry-cleaning shops in relation to the content of volatile organic solvents appear from table 5.3.
Tabel 5.3: Analyse af destillater. 
Table 5.3: Analysis af distillates.
Resultat angivet i vægtprocent : blanding af fire glycolethere 
The result is stated as percentage by weight A: Mixture of four glycolethers -: Not detected
Destillat Kulbrinterenseri D 
Distillate Dry-cleaning shop D
Destillat Rynex-renseri B 
Distillate Rynex dry-cleaning shop B
Tetrachlorethylen Ukendt restfraktion 
Tetrachlorethylene Unknown residue
Resultaterne af analysen af kontaktvand fra kulbrinterenseri D fremgår af tabel 5.4. 
The contact water analysis results from hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop D appear from table 5.4.
Tabel 5.4: Analyse af kontaktvand. 
Table 5.4: Contact water analysis.
Resultat angivet i vægtprocent 
The result is stated as percentage by weight.
6.1 Introduktion til residualindhold 
6.1 Introduction to residual content
Restmængden i tøj efter rensning kaldes også residualindholdet og kan består af en blanding af flygtige og ikke-flygtige komponenter. 
Dry-cleaned clothes contain chemical residues that were not removed during the drying process of the dry-cleaning machine.
De flygtige komponenter kan afgives til den omgivende luft, og ad denne vej udgøre en risiko for eksponering. 
These residues are also called the residual content and can consist of volatile and non-volatile components.
De ikke-flygtige komponenter kan via hudkontakt og indånding af tekstilstøv blive optaget i organismen. 
The volatile components can be liberated to the surrounding air and in this way constitute a risk of exposure.
Sammensætning og størrelse af residualindholdet i renset tekstil er bl. 
The non-volatile components can be absorbed by the organismn via skin contact and by breathing in textile dust.
En eventuel efterbehandling har også vist sig at kunne påvirke residualindholdet. 
The volume of clothes and the textile type apparently also have an influence on the residual content.
6.1.1 Bestemmelse af residualindhold 
6.1.1 Determination of residual content
Miljøstyrelsen har i forbindelse med Miljøprojekt 686/2002 foretaget bestemmelse af residualindholdet af udvalgte komponenter fra hhv. kulbrinte- og Rynex-rensevæske (Miljøstyrelsen 2002a). 
In connection with Environmental Project 686/2002, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency has determined the residual content of selected components from hydrocarbon and Rynex cleaning fluid respectively (the Danish Environmental Agency, 2002a).
Ved klimakammerforsøgene blev det konstateret, at emissionen udviste et forløb, der kunne modelleres ved en eksponentiel henfaldskurve. 
During the tests in the climatic chambers, the emission showed a progress that could be modelled by a curve of exponential decay.
Dette kurveforløb er tilsvarende kurveforløbet fundet i et andet Miljøprojekt for emissionen for tetrachlorethylen-renset tekstil (Miljøstyrelsen 2001). 
This curve is identical to the curve of the emission for tetrachlorethylen dry-cleaned textile (the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 2001).
Emissionen som funktion af tiden kan således angives som: 
The emission as a function of time can be stated as:
Initial emissionsrate, mg/m 2h 
Initial emission rate, mg/m 2h
De emissionsbestemmende parametre kan bestemmes ved klimakammerforsøg på rensede tekstiler. 
The emission determinative parameters can be determined by testing drycleaned textiles in a climatic chamber.
Residualindholdet på starttidspunktet fås ved at integrere ovennævnte funktion fra t=0 til uendelig og kan beregnes som vægt/vægt%. 
The residual content at the starting time is obtained by integrating the above function from t=0 to infinite and can be calculated as weight/weight%.
Residualindholdet af ikke-flygtige komponenter kan bestemmes ved forskellige ekstraktion af tekstilprøver efter rensning. 
The residual content of non-volatile components can be determined by different types of extraction and analysis of textile samples after dry-cleaning.
Ved disse metoder bestemmes alene residualindholdet som vægt/vægt%. 
Using these methods, the residual content is determined as weight/weight%.
De nedenfor refererede residualindhold er residualindhold efter rensning og formbehandling, dvs. presning. 
The below residual content is residual content after chemical dry-cleaning and shaping, i.e. pressing.
I et projekt under Miljøstyrelsen blev der foretaget klimakammerforsøg for forskellige tekstiler renset i Rynex- eller kulbrinte-renseri (Miljøstyrelsen, 2002a). 
In a project made by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, different textiles dry-cleaned in Rynex or hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shops were tested in climatic chambers (the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 2002a).
Det beregnede residualindhold er angivet som % af vægten. 
The calculated residual content is stated as % of the weight.
Arealet er beregnet som arealet af en enkeltside af hhv. frakke og habit. 
The area is calculated as the area of one side of a coat and suit respectively.
6.2.1 Udvælgelse af rensemetoder og tekstiler 
6.2.1 Selection of dry-cleaning methods and textiles
Renseriejerne har givet et skøn over den andel af kilorens, som foretages som rensning. 
the dry-cleaning shops have estimated the part of dry-cleaning per kilo that is carried out as chemical dry-cleaning.
Flere af renseriejerne oplyser, at de generelt fraråder kunderne at anvende kilorens som rensning, grundet det forholds, at tekstilerne kan lugte, såfremt det ikke formbehandles (presses). 
Several of the owners of the dry-cleaning shops inform that they generally dissuade the customers from using cleaning per kilo as chemical dry-cleaning as the textiles may smell if they are not shaped (pressed).
dre renseriejere påpeger, at behovet for kilorens er meget begrænset, idet størstedelen af det indleverede tøj er garderobe, som naturligt kræver en presning. 
Other dry-cleaning shop owners point out that the need for dry-cleaning per kilo is very limited, as most of the clothes to be dry-cleaned require pressing.
Denne forbrugerrådgivning fra renserierne afspejles i besvarelserne, jf. bilag 2, idet kilorens kun andrager få procent af renseriernes produktion. 
This consumer advice from the dry-cleaning shops is reflected in the responses (please also see appendix 2), as dry-cleaning per kilo only amounts to a few per cent of the production of the dry-cleaning shops.
Det er derfor i denne undersøgelse valgt at lade rensningen foregå ved almindelig kemisk rens med for- og efterbehandling, dog uden imprægnering. 
In this investigation, dry-cleaning is therefore carried out as ordinary chemical dry-cleaning with pre-treatment and final treatment, but without waterproofing.
Kriterierne for udvælgelse af tekstiler til forsøgene har været følgende: 
The criteria of the selection of textiles for the tests were as follows:
Renseriejerne blev forespurgt, hvorvidt det var almindeligt at foretage kemisk rensning af dyner, rullemadrasser o. lignende. 
The owners of the dry-cleaning shops were asked if it is normal to chemically dry-clean eiderowns, mats, etc.
Alle renseriejere oplyste, at de ikke foretog rensning af dyner og rullemadrasser, idet vådrensning giver bedre resultater. 
All the owners of the dry-cleaning shops informed that they did not dry-clean eiderdowns and mats, as ordinary wet cleaning gives a better result.
Det er derfor valgt ikke at anvende dyner og rullemadrasser som forsøgstekstiler. 
It has therefore been decided not to include eiderdowns and mats as test textiles in the investigation.
Ved forespørgsel om hvilke tekstiler, der bæres kropsnært eller tæt på ansigtet og som typisk renses, blev der fra flere renseriejere peget på benklæder, kjoler samt jakker og frakker. 
To the question which textiles are clinging or worn close to the face and which are typically chemically dry-cleaned, several of the owners of the drycleaning shops answered trousers, dresses, jackets and coats.
Begrundet i ovenstående besvarelser blev det valgt at anvende en kjole, en jakke og et par benklæder som forsøgstekstiler. 
On the basis of the above responses, it was decided to use one dress, one jacket and one pair of trousers as test textiles.
Butikkerne var ikke beliggende tæt på renserier. 
The shops are not situated near to any dry-cleaning shops.
Tabel 6.2 giver en oversigt over de valgte tekstiler. 
Table 6.2 gives an overview of the selected textiles.
Tabel 6.2: Anvendte tekstiltyper Jakke og benklæder 
Table 6.2: Used textile types Jacket and trousers
28% uld, 69% polyester, 3% lycra 
28% wool, 69% polyester, 3% lycra
6.2.2 Udvælgelse af pletter 
6.2.2 Selection of spots
For at sikre at tekstilerne blev pletrenset forud for den egentlige rensning skulle de påføres pletter. 
To make sure that the textiles were spot-cleaned prior to the actual drycleaning, they should be provided with spots.
Pletterne skulle være ”genstridige” pletter, som almindeligvis kræver væsentlig forbehandling, dvs. kræver et væsentlig forbrug af pletfjernere. 
· The spots should be ”stubborn” spots that normally require considerable pre-treatment, i.e. that require a substantial consumption of spot removers.
Renseriejerne pegede på madpletter som f.eks. frugtsaft, æg og lignende, som værende genstridige. 
The owners of the dry-cleaning shops selected food spots such as fruit juice, egg, etc. as being stubborn.
Ydermere blev det oplyst, at gamle pletter var vanskelige at fjerne end nye pletter. 
Furthermore, they informed that it is more difficult to remove old spots than new spots.
Det Nordisk Miljømærke (Svanen) omfatter miljømærkning af tekstilvaskemidler (Nordisk Miljömärkning, 2001). 
The Nordic Environmental Label (the Swan) includes environmental labelling of textile detergents (Nordic Environmental Labelling, 2001).
Kriteriedokumentet beskriver valg af standardiserede pletter for vasketest. 
The criterion document describes standardized spots to be used for washing tests.
Det blev valgt at anvende samme plettyper ved de foreliggende forsøg. 
It was decided to use the same spot types for the present tests.
De valgte plettyper fremgår af nedenstående tabel 6.3 som plet nummer 1, 2, 5 og 6. 
The selected spot types appear from table 6.3 below as spot number 1, 2, 5 and 6.
Miljøstyrelsen ønskede derudover at supplere med æg og solbærsaft (type 3 og 4 nedenfor). 
The Danish Environmental Protection Agency wanted to supplement with egg and black currant juice (type 3 and 4).
Flydende kakao Æg 
Soot/oil mixture Cocoa
6.2.3 Udvælgelse af renserier 
6.2.3 Selection of dry-cleaning shops
Da alle renserier som udgangspunkt blev vurderet som velegnede til forsøgene, blev der i udvælgelsen lagt vægt på den fysiske lokalisering af renserierne samt hvorvidt renseriejeren kunne varetage udtagningen af destillat uden supplerende teknisk bistand. 
As all dry-cleaning shops were basically found qualified for the tests, great importance was attached to the physical location of the dry-cleaning shops and if the owners of the dry-cleaning shops could take samples of the distillate without any technical assistance.
Ydermere blev der valgt renserier, som tidligere har været anvendt i miljøprojekter, således at data fra disse tidligere projekter kunne inddrages i nærværende projekt. 
Furthermore, dry-cleaning shops that had participated in environmental projects earlier, were selected, using the old data for this present project.
Kulbrinte-renseri D og Rynex-renseri B blev udvalgt til at forestå rensningerne af tekstilerne. 
Hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop D and Rynex dry-cleaning shopo B were selected to dry-clean the textiles.
Forud for pletning og rensning blev der udtaget prøver fra hvert tekstil. 
Prior to the spotting and dry-cleaning, samples were taken from each piece of textile.
Prøverne anvendes som referenceprøver for indholdet af alkylphenolpolyethoxylater efter rensning. 
These samples are used as reference samples for the content of alkylphenolethoxylates after dry-cleaning.
6.4 Rensning af tekstiler 
6.4 Chemical dry-cleaning of textiles
Rensningen af tekstilerne foregik i samarbejde med renseriejerne. 
The dry-cleaning of the textiles was carried out in co-operation with the owners of the dry-cleaning shops.
Efter aftale med Miljøstyrelsen blev kun typen af plet 1-4 oplyst til renserierne, mens plet 5 og 6 var ”ukendte”. 
According to agreement with the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the dry-cleaning shops were only informed about the type of spots 1-4, whereas spots 5 and 6 were unknown.
En medarbejder fra Kampsax førte tilsyn med såvel forbehandling som rensning og efterbehandling. 
An employee from Kampsax A/S supervised the pre-treatment, the drycleaning as well as the final treatment.
6.4.1 Rensning i kulbrinte-renseri D 
6.4.1 Dry-cleaning in hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop D
I kulbrinte-renseri D oplyste ejeren, at forud for en rensning blev alt tekstil gennemgået og sprayet med en blanding af vand og forbørstningsmidlet Polysol. 
The owner of hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop D informed that prior to a chemical dry-cleaning, all textiles were examined and sprayed with a mixture of water and the spotting fluid Polysol.
Tekstilerne til forsøgene blev yderligere pletrenset. 
The textiles used for the tests were spot cleaned.
Pletbehandlingen fremgår af tabel 6.4. 
The spot treatment appears from table 6.4.
Generelt blev hver plet behandlet med ½-1 ml af de nævnte detacheringsmiddel. 
Generally, each spot was treated with ½1 ml of the mentioned spotting fluid.
Tabel 6.5: Forsøgsforhold, kulbrinterenseri D. 
Table 6.5: Test conditions, hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop D.
Vægt af tekstiler i batch 20 kg Sammensætning af tekstiler i batch - skønnet 
Weight of textiles in batch 20 kg Combination of textiles in batch - estimated
Viscose- og bomuldsfibre: 10-20 % 
Viscose and cotton fibres: 10-20%
Tilsætning: 250 ml Prenet Pur 
Add 250 ml Prenet Pur
Tilførsel af 90-100 l destillat 
Add 90-100 l distillate
Tørring i 20 min., hvorunder temperaturen stiger til 75 oC. 
Drying for 20 minutes whereupon the temperature increases to 75
oC over 3½ min. (til 3% af LEL) 
oC in 3½ minutes (3% of LEL)
6.4.2 Rensning i Rynex-renseri B 
6.4.2 Dry-cleaning in Rynex dry-cleaning shop B
Der henvises til figur 3.1 for nærmere beskrivelse af rensemaskinens funktion. 
Please also see figure 3.1 for a further description of the function of the dry-cleaning machine.
: Pletbehandling, Rynex-renseri B. Bemærk, at årsagen til plet 5 og 6 ikke blev oplyst til renseriet. 
: Spot treatment, Rynex dry-cleaning shop B. Please note that the dry-cleaning shop did not get any information about spot type 5 and 6.
Generelt blev hver plet behandlet ved detacherbord (med vandforstøver og sug). 
Generally, each spot was treated at a spotting table (with water spray and suction).
Efter denne indledende rengøring blev tekstilerne børstet med ca. 2-3 ml. 
Upon this introductory dry-cleaning, the textiles were brushed with approximately 2-3 ml Devantol Soft.
Detafix Color og Devantol soft 
Detafix Color and Devantol soft
Detaprofi Tanex og Devantol soft 
Detaprofi Tanex and Devantol soft
Centifugering, 750-800 omdrejninger/min. (305-320 G) i 10 min. 
Spin-drying, 750-800 rotations/minute (305-320 G) for 10 minutes
Tørring i 65 min. med 75 
Drying for 65 minutes with 75
oC - varighed 4 min. Udluftning af tromle i 4 min. 
oC in 4 minutes Bleeding of drum for 4 minutes
Presning ved Dampdukke / pressebænk 
Pressing using Dummy / pressing bench
10 sek. damp + 60 sek. luft. 
10 seconds vapour + 60 seconds air
6.4.3 Transport af rensede tekstiler til laboratorium 
6.4.3 Transport of dry-cleaned textiles to laboratory
Det kunne efter rensningen konstateres, at pletterne var forsvundet fra tekstilerne - såvel dem, der var renset i Rynex-renseriet som dem, der var renset i kulbrinte-renseriet. 
After the dry-cleaning, the textiles did not have any spots - either the textiles dry-cleaned in the Rynex dry-cleaning shop or the textiles dry-cleaned in the hydrocarbon dry-cleaning shop.
Transporttiden fra Kampsax til Eurofins var ca. 3 timer. 
The transport from Kampsax A/S to Eurofins Denmark A/S took approximately 3 hours.
Der gik således skønnet 4 timer fra presningen var færdig til tekstilet var i klimakammeret. 
It took approximately 4 hours from the pressing was finished till the textile was in the climatic room.
6.5 Klimakammermålinger - Bestemmelse af residualindhold af flygtige komponenter 
6.5 Climatic chamber measurements of residues of volatile compounds
Ved modtagelsen på laboratoriet blev tekstilerne pakket ud, rystet for at rette dem ud og derpå anbragt i klimakamrene. 
When the textiles were received in the laboratory, they were unpacked, shaken in order to be straightened and then placed in the climatic chambers.
Tidspunktet for anbringelse i klimakammeret blev defineret som t=0. 
The time the textiles were placed in the climatic chambers was defined as t=0.
Tekstilerne blev under hele afgasningstesten opbevaret i klimakamrene. 
During the emission test, the textiles were kept in the climatic chambers.
Omstændighederne blev valgt således, at de svarer til testomstændighederne fastlagt i Prøvningsstandarden for Dansk Indeklimamærkning (1998) med den modifikation, at lufthastigheden ikke blev reguleret. 
The conditions were selected so that they correspond to the test conditions determined in the test standard for Danish Indoor Climate Labelling (1998) with the modification that the air speed was not adjusted.
Dansk Indeklimamærkning foreskriver en lufthastighed på 0,15 m/s ved test af byggevarer, men denne lufthastighed er væsentlig højere end luftbevægelserne i et garderobeskab. 
The Danish Indoor Climate Labelling prescribes an air speed of 0.15 m/s for building materials, but this air speed is much higher than the air circulation in a wardrobe.
Da formålet med undersøgelsen var at efterligne forholdene under normal brug, blev det valgt ikke at forøge lufthastigheden yderligere i forhold til de luftbevægelser, som luftskiftet i klimakammeret skaber. 
As the purpose of the investigation was to imitate the conditions during normal use, it was decided not to increase the air speed further in relation to the air circulation that the change of air in the climatic chamber creates.
Måleomstændighederne var således: 
The measurement conditions were as follows:
0,5 gange pr. time 
0.5 times per hour
Første prøve blev udtaget 1 døgn efter forsøgets start. 
The first air sample was taken 1 day after the start of the test.
Prøvetagning blev foretaget på adsorptionsrør med aktiv kul, mens analyse blev foretaget ved gaskromatografi (GC/MS). 
Sampling was made on adsorption tube with active coal, whereas the analysis was carried out by gas chromatographical analysis (GC/MS).
Detaljeret metodebeskrivelse med metodereferencer kan findes i bilag 5 
Please see appendix 5 for a detailed description of the method including method references.
6.6 Analyse for residualindhold efter klimakammermålingerne 
6.6 Analysis of residue in dry-cleaned textiles
Efter afgasningsforsøgenes afslutning blev prøverne udtaget fra klimakamrene. 
After the emission tests, the textiles were removed from the climatic chambers.
Der blev udtaget et stykke på 10 x10 cm fra hvert tekstil på det sted, hvor pletterne oprindelig var påsat. 
Samples were taken from an area of 10 x 10 cm from each textile on the place where the spots were originally put.
Prøverne blev derpå analyseret for indhold af alkylphenolpolyethoxylater. 
The samples were subsequently analysed for the content of alkyl phenol poly ethoxylates.
Der blev tilsvarende udtaget endnu en prøve fra tekstilerne til analyse for residualindhold af flygtige komponenter. 
Another sample was taken from each textile to be analysed for any residue of volatile components.
6.7.1 Afgivelse af flygtige organiske forbindelser 
6.7.1 Emission of volatile organic compounds