natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Datagrundlaget er dog for svagt til en egentlig konklusion (se. sektion 5.8). 
However the database was too weak for a conclusion (cf. section 5.8).
Den samlede VOC sum overskrider 1, hvilket kan betyde en sundhedsmæssig risiko. 
The total VOC sum exceeds 1, which may indicate a potential health risk.
Risikoen anses dog for lille baseret på tidsmæssig eksponering. 
However, if the exposure time is included, the risk would be insignificant.
6.1.7 Entré og stue scenarier 6.1.7.1 Tryksagerne læses i entre og/eller stue I entré scenariet er antaget, at rummet er 10 m 
6.1.7 Entrance hall and living room scenarios 6.1.7.1 Printed matter leaf through in hall or living room In the entrance hall scenario is presumed that the room is 10 m
med et luftskifte på 0,5 gange i timen. 
with an air change of 0.5 times per hour.
Til eksponeringen er der som repræsentant for dybtryk anvendt tryksag nr. 3 og for offset valgt tryksag nr. 8. 
To the exposure assessment as a representative for the rotogravure printed matters is used printed matter no. 3 and for offset selected printed matter no. 8.
De to er alene valgt som repræsentative tryksager. 
They are only selected as representatives of printed matter.
Der er lavet to estimater: 
Two estimates are performed:
2) Et "worst case" scenarie, hvor tre dybtryksager (e.g. udsalgskataloger) ankommer samtidigt, dvs. 498 g dybtryk og 677 g offset, ialt 1,175 kg tryksager. 
2) A "worst case" scenario where three rotogravure printed matter (e.g. sale catalogue) arrive to the home at the same time, i.e. 498 g rotogravure and 677 g offset, a total of 1.175 kg printed matter.
Hver enkelt emissionsbidrag er beregnet som emissionen i µg/kg tryksag (data fra sektion 3.1.4: dag 15 i tabel 3.5 dybtryk og dag 5 i tabel 3.9 offset) 
Each contribution to the emission is calculated as emissions measured in µg/kg printed matter (data from section 3.1.4: day 15 in table 3.5 rotogravure and day 5 in table 3.9 offset).
Tabel 6.7 estimerede koncentrationer i entré og stue ved gennemsnitlig belastning Tryksager 
Table 6.7 Estimated concentrations in entrance hall and living room at average and "worst case" load
Worst case, entré 
Worst case, hall
Worst case, stue 
Worst case, l. room
C9H12, arom kulbrinte alfa-Pinen 
C9H12, arom hydrocarbon alpha-Pinene
Camphen beta-Pinen d-Limonen 
Camphene beta-Pinene d-Limonene
Til vurdering af hvilke indendørs koncentrationer, der kan opstå i et rum, hvor der anbringes og bladres i reklametryksager, kan man benytte en simpel teoretisk boxmodel. 
For the evaluation of the concentrations that may arise in a room where printed matter are located and leafed through, a simple theoretical box model can be used.
Man anvender et lokale med en kendt størrelse og et kendt luftskifte. 
A room with a known volume and a known air change is used.
I beregningerne i denne rapport går man ud fra følgende forudsætninger. 
In the estimations in this study, the following assumptions are used.
0,5 gange i timen 
0.5 times per hour
Det forudsættes endvidere, at der kun anvendes og læses tryksager i rummet (andre kilder er ikke indregnet), og at luften i rummet er fuldstændigt opblandet. 
It is a further condition that only printed matter is used and leafed through in the room, other sources are not included, and that the air is completely mixed.
963 gram offset (nr. 8) + 212 gram dybtrykt (nr.3) reklametryksag 
963 gram offset (no. 8) + 212 gram rotogravure (no.3) printed matter
Konc. mg/m3 
Conc. mg/m3
Toluen Total VOC 
Toluene Total VOC
Figur 6.1 Estimerede koncentrationer i entré med anvendelse af gennemsnitsforbruget af tryksager 
Figure 6.1 Estimated concentration of VOC in hall using the average consumption of printed matter
Toluen fra dybtryk ses at udgøre en væsentlig faktor for gennemsnitsbilledet og især for "worst case" scenariet. 
Toluene from rotogravure is observed to account for an essential part of the average load not only in the average scenario but even more in the "worst case" scenario (cf. below).
Boxmodel Entre 10 m 
Boxmodel Hall 10 m
luftskifte 0,5 gang/time 
air change 0.5 h
Worst case: 677 gram offset (nr. 8) + 498 gram dybtrykt (nr.3) reklametryksag 
Worst case: 677 gram offset (no. 8) + 498 gram rotogravure (no.3) printed matter
Figur 6.2 Estimerede koncentrationer i entré med anvendelse af "worst case" forbruget af tryksager 
Figure 6.2 Estimated concentrations in hall using "worst case" consumption of printed matter
og en stue på 50 m 
and a living room of 50 m
Resultaterne er vist i nedenstående tabel. 
The results of the estimations are presented in the table below.
Resultaterne er baseret på de beregnede halveringstider for afgasningen under antagelse af eksponentiel aftagen. 
The results are based on the estimated half-lives of the VOC emissions assuming exponential decrease.
Dage efter trykning 
Days after printing
Nr. 2 Toluen udgør: 
No. 2 Toluene constitutes:
Nr. 8 C9 - C19 udgør: 
No. 8 C9 - C19 constitutes:
Afgivelsen af kemiske stoffer er væsentlig lavere, når der ikke bladres i tryksagen. 
The emission of VOC's is considerably reduced when the printed matter is lying untouched.
Bidragene fra de enkelte tryksager er små, men nogle forbrugere kan have betragtelige mængder af tryksager i hjemmet af den ene eller anden årsag. 
The contribution from each printed matter may be small but some consumers may have significant amounts of printed matter in their homes for one or another reason.
Om der er en effekt heraf, vil afhænge af antallet, ventilation, temperatur, og hvilke slags tryksager, der er tale om. 
The effect of this depends on the number, ventilation, temperature and the kind of printed matter.
Resultaterne viser, at selv om bidraget fra den enkelte tryksag er lille, vil tryksager forøge VOC koncentrationen i hjemmet. 
The results demonstrate that even if the contribution from each printed matter is small printed matter will increase the VOC concentration in the home.
Normalkoncentrationen for VOC i almindelige boliger ligger på 100-1000 µg/m 
Normal concentrations measured in Danish average homes vary between 100 and 1000 µg/m
Projektet har haft til formål at kortlægge, hvilke afdampelige kemiske stoffer forbrugerne udsættes for fra tryksager. 
The purpose of the study was to survey the volatile organic compounds which the consumer is exposed to from printed matter.
Omfanget af tryksager, som forbrugeren modtager enten bevidst ved indkøb eller som reklametryksager (såkaldte adresseløse forsendelser), er langsomt stigende, hvis forbruget baseres på den anvendte mængde af papir og trykfarver. 
The volume of printed matter that the consumer receives either by purpose, by purchase or as unaddressed mail is slowly increasing if the estimated consumption is based on the consumed amount of paper and printing inks.
Forbruget for den enkelte husstand af papir og pap lå i år 2000 på ca. 432 tons for hele landet, svarende til 177 kg/år for den enkelte husstand. 
The consumption for the average household of paper and cardboard in the year 2000 was approximately 432 tonnes for the country in total, corresponding to 177 kg per year for the average household.
Baseret på uge- og månedsmagasiner, fagblade, medlemsblade og adresseløse forsendelser var det årlige forbrug ca. 61 kg per husstand. 
Based on weekly and monthly magazines, journals, periodicals and unaddressed mail the consumption was estimated to approx. 61 kg per household.
Deraf udgjorde dybtryksager ca. 18%, dvs. det gennemsnitlige ugentlige forbrug er opgjort til ca. 0,2 kg dybtrykte tryksager og ca.1 kg offset trykte tryksager. 
Of this rotogravure printed matter made up approx. 18%, Thus the average weekly consumption was 0.2 kg rotogravure printed matter and approx. 1 kg offset printed matter.
Under kortlægningens første fase (screeningsfasen) blev 21 tryksager analyseret kvalitativt for deres indhold af flygtige kemiske stoffer. 
During the screening phase, 21 printed matters were analysed for their release of volatile organic compounds.
Det viste sig, at der dog var en forskel, som primært antoges kunne tilskrives trykningsmetoden og de derved forskelligt anvendte trykfarver, råstoffer, osv. Et eventuelt bidrag fra papirtypen er ikke inkluderet, da det ikke kunne fastslås med den anvendte målemetode. 
The differences observed is assumed related to the printing method and the difference in used printing inks, raw materials etc. A potential contribution fran e.g. paper types could not be differentiated by the used measuring method.
Det viste sig, at dybtrykte tryksager (kataloger, reklamer, osv.) havde et stort indhold af flygtige stoffer, hvoraf toluen udgjorde den største andel og i aftagende mængder terpener og aldehyder. 
Rotogravure printed matter (catalogues, advertisement printed matter etc.) released large amounts of volatile substance of which toluene was the major component and to a lesser extent terpenes and aldehydes.
I offset var det især langkædede alifatiske kulbrinter (C9-C19), der var dominerende, efterfulgt af aldehyder. 
In offset especially long-chained aliphatic hydrocarbons (C9 to C19) dominated followed by aldehydes.
Monocycliske aromater som toluen og xylener var også til stede men i små mængder. 
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene and xylenes were also present but in small amounts.
Flexotryk blev også inddraget, og her var den væsentligste kemiske stofgruppe alkoholer og terpener, men i væsentlig mindre udstrækning end i de to forrige trykformer. 
Flexographic printed matter was also included and the main release of volatile compounds were alcohols and terpenes but to a much lesser extent than from the previous printing techniques.
Det skyldes antagelig anvendelsen af UV-hærdende farver og lakker, som betyder, at monomere acrylater polymeriserer til faste farvelag. 
The reason was probably the use of UV-curing printing inks and lacquers which means that the printing inks composed of monomeric acrylates polymerises to solid ink layers.
Der blev ikke fundet monomere acrylater i de flygtige stoffer. 
No monomere acrylates were observed in the volatile compounds analysed.
Metoden er baseret på den situation, der giver den største eksponering af forbrugeren for flygtige kemiske stoffer, det vil sige under læsning eller bladring. 
The sampling and measuring method were based on the situation representing the largest exposure to consumers from released volatile organic compounds, i.e. during reading or leaf through the printed matter.
Situationen blev simuleret ved hurtig opklipning af tryksagen, nedlægning i glasbeholder og herefter opfangning af de flygtige stoffer, der forlod tryksagen. 
The situation was modelled by fast shredding of the printed matter, placing it in a closed glass container and sampling of the volatile organic compounds that evaporated from the printed matter.
Målingerne blev udført lige efter trykning, når tryksagen skulle forlade trykkeriet (eller kom til landet for en udenlandsk tryksag). 
The tests were performed as the printed matter left the printing house or arrived at the country if printed abroad.
Derefter blev tryksagen målt 1-5 dage efter trykning, hvilket skulle repræsentere sortering, kiosk omdelere eller lignende og til sidst efter 2-15 dage efter trykningen, hvor tryksagen antages at nå frem til forbrugeren. 
The measuring was repeated 1 to 5 days after printing to represent the stage of sorting, distribution etc. and again 2 to 15 days after printing when the printed matter is assumed to reach the consumer.
Det viste sig, at en del kemiske stoffer aftog i afgivelse med tiden (f.eks. toluen og alkoholer), andre dampede først af senere og havde den største afdampning efter få dage (f.eks alifatiske kulbrinter). 
It was observed that some compounds decreased with time, e.g. toluene and alcohols, other compounds peaked during the measurement period, e.g. aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Endelig var der stoffer, som afdampede i stigende mængde i måleperioden. 
Finally some compounds increased their emissions
Det sidste observeres især hos aldehyderne. 
during the measurement period.
Det betyder, at den første måling ikke er tilstrækkelig til at få et overblik over emissionerne, de koncentrationer og flygtige stoffer, som forbrugeren udsættes for fra tryksager. 
It means that a first measurement is not sufficient to realise the emissions, the air concentrations and the volatile organic compounds the consumer is exposed to from printed matter.
Den situation, der er fokuseret på, er situationen, hvor den højeste eksponering forventes, dvs. kikke- og læsesituationen, hvor forbrugeren bladrer i tryksagen (reklamekatalog, ugeblad). 
The primary situation modelled is the situation where the highest exposure is expected, i.e. during handling, reading or leaf through of the printed matter (magazine or advertising printed matter).
Det vil sige, at man anvendte den sidste måling som repræsentativ for den indåndingskoncentration forbrugeren udsættes for ved bladring i tryksagen. 
Therefore the last measuring was performed as representative for the inhalation concentration which the consumer is exposed to during leaf through the printed matter.
Grænseværdien er fastsat af myndighederne som en værdi, der ikke bør overskrides i arbejdsmiljøer, hvor stoffet anvendes. 
The TLV is a value set by the authorities as a value that should not be exceeded in the working environment where the compound is used.
Da grænseværdierne er udarbejdet for arbejdsmiljøet og ikke gælder for forbrugere i hjemmet, er der derfor benyttet værdier, der er 1/100 af grænseværdien for arbejdsmiljø. 
Thus, because the TLV is intended for the working environment and not valid for residential homes, 1/100 of the value was used in the assessment.
LCI-værdierne er som regel udviklet på basis af irritationsdata. 
The LCI-values is usually derived from irritation data.
Lugtgrænseværdierne er medtaget for at kunne vurdere muligheden af, at stoffet ved den målte koncentration kunne lugtes af forbrugeren. 
Odour threshold values were included to evaluate the possibility of the compound at the measured concentrations be smelled by the consumer.
Fornemmelsen af lugt varierer mellem forbrugerne, men lugtgrænsen sammelignet med den målte koncentration af stoffet indikerede muligheden af, at stoffet kunne lugtes af forbrugeren 
The perceptions of odour vary among consumers but the odour threshold value compared to the measured concentrations indicated the potential of the compounds to be smelled by the consumer.
For dybtrykte tryksager er det toluen, der udgør det væsentligste stof ved direkte eksponering (bladre-situationen). 
For rotogravure printed matter toluene was the primary constituent of the emitted concentrations measured.
Toluen er sundhedsskadeligt, og den afgivne mængde overskred TLV/100 og LCI værdien i bladre-situationen. 
Toluene is a harmful compound and the emitted concentrations exceeded TLV/100 and the LCI value in the leaf through situation.
Da eksponeringen i den højeste målte afgivne mængde på 272 mg/kg tryksag, som resulterede i en skønnet koncentration i luft på 23 mg/m 
Because the highest measured emission of 272 mg/kg printed matter resulting in an exposure concentration of 23 mg/m
For flexotryk blev der kun målt små koncentrationer af flygtige stoffer. 
that toluene was not a health problem to the average consumer.
Der vurderes derfor ikke at være væsentlige sundhedsmæssige problemer for forbrugeren. 
No monomers of acrylates were identified and therefore no health problems for the consumer were anticipated.
Baseret på de enkeltstoffer, der kunne findes oplysninger på, er der ikke noget der antyder, at der skulle være væsentlige sundhedsmæssige 
The individual substances may not cause problems but some may cause cancer and thus would be without a limit value.
De fundne kemiske stoffer (VOC) og de beregnede koncentrationer overholder grænseværdierne. 
However, the data were too weak for a conclusion to be made.
Aldehyderne gør sig også bemærket, men overskridelserne af TLV/100 er så små, at det er diskutabelt, om det har nogen betydning. 
A few of the aldehydes also exceed TLV/100 e.g. formaldehyde which is also a harmful substance.
Terpenerne har kun overskridelser, når de summeres op. Hvilket kan have generende virkninger som lugt, men mængden af enkeltstoffer kan næppe adskilles på lugten. 
The terpenes that combined resulted in odour exceeding i.e. could potentially be smelled as a group but hardly individually.
Pinen og limonen er fundet som specielt problematiskle stoffer, da de er erkendt som allergifremkaldende. 
Pinene and limonene were observed as potential problematic substances as they are allergenic.
I undersøgelsen var kun enkelte kemiske stoffer over lugtgrænserne i bladresituationen. 
Generally it was observed that only a few compounds exceeded the odour threshold.
Derfor ville en forbruger kun kunne identificere få stoffer alene på lugten som f.eks. toluen. 
It can be concluded that only very few compounds are identifiable by the consumer from odour released from printed matter, e.g. toluene.
Rumscenarierne blev medtaget for at kunne vurdere effekten af fortynding i luft. 
Room scenarios were included in the study in order to evaluate the effect of dilution.
De estimerede koncentrationer af enkeltstoffer samt en total VOC er præsenteret i et entré og stuescenarie under antagelse af bladring af tryksager i en mængde svarende til en uges forbrug samt et "worst case scenario" med en højere andel af dybtrykte tryksager. 
The estimated individual and total VOC concentrations in the rooms during handling the printed matter included in an amount corresponding the average week load and a "worst case" with a higher percentage of rotogravure are presented.
De anvendte vurderingsgrænser blev ikke overskredet (med undtagelse af toluen i entrescenariet). 
The used evaluation values were not exceeded (except toluene in hall).
Generelt anses der ikke at være et sundhedsmæssigt problem for forbrugeren i den situation undtagen for allergiske personer i "worst case" situationen og toluen vurderes derfor ikke at være et sundhedsmæssigt problem for den almindelige forbruger. 
In general, no health problems would be expected except for sensitive or allergic persons in situation were the "worst case" scenario take place or even is exceeded.
Desuden er beregnet afgasningen fra de enkelte tryksager under henligning. 
Thus, toluen is assessed not to present a health problem to the average consumer.
Afgivelsen af kemiske stoffer er væsentlig lavere, når der ikke bladres i tryksagen. 
The emission from each printed matter when lying untouched was estimated.
Bidragene fra de enkelte tryksager er baseret på summen af flygtige kemiske stoffer (TVOC). 
When the printed matter is untouched the emission of volatile organic compounds was significantly reduced.
Bidragene fra de enkelte tryksager er små, men nogle forbrugere kan have betragtelige mængder af tryksager i hjemmet. 
The contribution from each printed matter based on the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was small.
Den væsentligste emission til miljøet fra tryksager efter produktionen, under anvendelse og bortskaffelse er til luft. 
The effect of this depends on the number, ventilation, temperature and the kind of printed matter.
Det vurderes dog, at datagrundlaget var for dårligt til en egentlig konklusion. 
The overall conclusion is that no health risks exist to the consumer of printed matter.
De fundne kemiske stoffer (VOC) og de beregnede koncentrationer overholder grænseværdierne. 
However, it can not be excluded that allergic reactions may be observed by sensitive consumers.
Desuden er beregnet afgasningen fra de enkelte tryksager under henligning. 
The emission from each printed matter when lying untouched was estimated.
Afgivelsen af kemiske stoffer er væsentlig lavere, når der ikke bladres i tryksagen. 
When the printed matter is untouched the emission of volatile organic compounds was significantly reduced.
Bidragene fra de enkelte tryksager er baseret på summen af flygtige kemiske stoffer (TVOC). 
The contribution from each printed matter based on the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) was small.
Bidragene fra de enkelte tryksager er små, men nogle forbrugere kan have betragtelige mængder af tryksager i hjemmet. 
However, even if the contributions from each single printed matter may be small some consumers may have significant amounts of printed matter in their homes.
Om der er en effekt heraf, vil afhænge af mængden, ventilation, temperatur og hvilke slags tryksager, der er tale om. 
The effect of this depends on the number, ventilation, temperature and the kind of printed matter.
Tryksager kan således bidrage til hjemmets samlede VOC belastning. 
Thus even untouched printed matter may contribute to the total VOC load of the home.
Den væsentligste emission til miljøet fra tryksager efter produktionen, under anvendelse og bortskaffelse er til luft. 
The main fraction of emissions to the environment from printed matter (after production but during use and disposal) is to the atmosphere.
Det vurderes dog, at bidraget fra tryksager i disse "livscyclusfaser" vil være minimale, når der tænkes på bidraget af lignende stoffer fra andre kilder som f.eks. forbrænding af olie og benzin. 
However it is concluded that the contribution from printed matter in these "life-cycle" phases are minimal compared to the contribution from other sources such as combustion of oil and gasoline.
Størrelsesordenerne kan ikke gøres op på grund af manglende data. 
The total volume of VOC emitted to the atmosphere could not be estimated due to lack of valid data.
Den samlede konklusion er, at der ingen grund er til sundhedsmæssig bekymring hos forbrugere af tryksager ud fra de tilgængelige data. 
The overall conclusion is that no health risks exist to the consumer of printed matter.
Det kan dog ikke afvises, at nogle af stofferne kan give allergiske reaktioner hos følsomme forbrugere. 
However, it can not be excluded that allergic reactions may be observed by sensitive consumers.
Arbejdstilsynet (1995): Toluenafdampning fra reklametryksager. 
Arbejdstilsynet (1995): Toluenafdampning fra reklamePrinted matterer.
Agency of Toxic Substances and Desease Registry. 
Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Substances and Desease Registry. 
Substances and Disease Registry.
De Grafiske Fag nr. 3/01: 85-105. 
De Grafiske Fag No. 3/01: 85-105.
De Grafiske Fag nr. 3/4, april/maj 2002: p. 75-97. 
De Grafiske Fag No. 3/4, april/maj 2002: p. 75-97.
Hansen TB, Petersen MW (1993): Emission af toluen fra dybtrykte tryksager. 
Hansen TB, Petersen MW (1993): Emission af toluen fra dybtrykte Printed matterer.
Aller Tryk A/S 
Berger Plus A/S
Aller Tryk A/S 
Berger PlusA/S
BILAG 1 Liste over tryksager i screeningsundersøgelsen Til screeningen stillede følgende trykkerier de nævnte tryksager til rådighed for undersøgelsen 
Appendix 1 List of printed matter in the screening study For the screening the following printing houses applied the mentioned printed matter at disposition to the study
Tabel B.1 Trykkerier og tryksager som har har været med i screeningsundersøgelsen Trykkeri 
Table B.1 List of printed matter used in the screening study Printing house
Illustreret Videnskab Medlemsblad Offset, heatset 
Illustreret Videnskab Monthly magazine Offset, heatset
Medlemsblad Offset, heatset 
Monthly magazine Offset, heatset
Bilag 2 Liste over kemiske stoffer fundet tryksager ved screening 
Appendic 2 List of volatile organic compounds found in the screening of printed matter
Hvis stoffet er inkluderet i andet stof er det markeret "in +ID nr." og gult 
If the substance is closely located to another it is marked "in +ID nn." and colored yellow
Syrer 1 p-tert-butyl-benzoesyre Alkoholer 2 1-Ethylcyclopropanol 
Syrer 1 p-tert-butyl-benzoic acid Alcohols 2 1-Ethylcyclopropanol
4 1,3-butan-diol (=1,3-butylene 
4 1,3-butane-diol (=1,3-butylene
17 1,1-Methylethoxy-2-propanol [=1-Isopropoxy-2-propanol] 18 1-Octen-3-ol 19 butyleret hydroxytoluen (= 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) Aldehyder 20 2-butenal 
17 1,1-Methylethoxy-2-propanol [=1-Isopropoxy-2-propanol] 18 1-Octen-3-ol 19 butyleret hydroxytoluen (= 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) Aldehydes 20 2-butenal
39 2-Ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoat 40 2-Methyl-propansyre, 2-methyl 
39 2-Ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoat 40 2-Methyl-propanois acid, 2-methyl