natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I en række pilatesbolde er der påvist DIBP, DBP og DEHP i mindre koncentrationer, mindre end 1 %. 
In a number of balance balls DIBP, DBP and DEHP were detected in smaller concentrations, less than 1%.
Der er ikke påvist BBP i nogen af pilatesboldene over den angivne detektionsgrænse på 0,001 %. 
BBP was not detected in any of the balance balls in excess of the stated detection limit of 0.001%.
I flere af pilatesboldene er der påvist DINP, som er angivet i Tabel 3.21. 
DINP was detected in several balance balls as stated in Table 3.21.
3.9 Sammenfatning af kvantitative analyseresultater Ved analyse af de 72 produkter for de fire udvalgte ftalater er der påvist høje koncentrationer af DEHP og DIBP i en række produkter. 
3.9 Summary of quantitative analysis results During analysis of the 72 products for the four selected phthalates high concentrations of DEHP and DIBP were detected in a number of products.
I Tabel 3.22 er indhold større end 1 % (m/m) angivet. 
Table 3.22 states contents larger than 1% (m/m):
Tabel 3.22 Oversigt over højeste koncentrationer påvist, %(m/m) Produktgruppe 
Table 3.22 Outline of highest detected concentrations, % (m/m) Product group
For alle tryk på T-shirts er de påviste ftalater i koncentrationer mindre end 0,05 %. 
For all prints on T-shirts, the detected phthalates appear in concentrations less than 0.05%.
I en lang række produkter er der påvist høje indhold af DINP og isoftalat, som ikke er kvantificeret i dette projekt. 
A high content of DINP and isophthalate were detected in a wide range of products that have not been quantified in this project.
Formålet med migrationsanalyserne er at undersøge eksponeringen ved brug af de produkter, hvor der ved de kvantitative analyser er påvist indhold af de fire udvalgte ftalater. 
The objective of the migration analyses was to investigate exposure when using the products whereas the quantitative analyses detected a content of the four selected phthalates.
Resultaterne anvendes til at vurdere, hvor stor en del af et kvantificeret indhold der må formodes at kunne migrere ved de angivne betingelser for migrationsforsøgene. 
The results are used to estimate how large a part of a quantified content must be expected to be able to migrate at the stated conditions of the migration tests.
Eksponeringsscenarier, herunder anvendt simulant og eksponeringstiden, er valgt i samarbejde med Miljøstyrelsen. 
The exposure scenarios, including applied simulant and exposure time, were selected in cooperation with the Danish Environmental Protection Agency.
4.1.1 Valg af anvendte simulanter samt eksponeringstemperatur og -tid 
4.1.1 Choice of applied simulants and exposure temperature and time
Simulanterne til sved- og spytmigrationerne har tidligere været anvendt til sammenlignelige migrationsanalyser for forbrugerprodukter til børn (2-åriges udsættelse for kemiske stoffer, kortlægning nr. 103, 2009 ). 
The simulants for the sweat and saliva migrations were previously applied for comparable migration analyses for consumer products for children (exposure of 2-year-olds to chemical substances, survey no. 103, 2009).
Den anvendte kunstige svedsimulant er beskrevet i DS/EN ISO 105-E04, som anvendes i forbindelse med ØKO-TEX-certificering (Öko-Tex Standard 100). 
The applied artificial sweat simulant is described in DS/EN ISO 105-E04 that is used in connection with ØKO-TEX certification (Öko-Tex Standard 100).
Eksponeringstiden er valgt til 1 time af eksperimentelle grunde for at opnå målbare koncentrationer. 
Of experimental reasons, the exposure time was set to 1 hour so measurable concentrations could be obtained.
4.1.2 Kriterier for udvælgelse af produkter til migrationsanalyser 
4.1.2 Criteria for selection of products for migration analyses
Ved udvælgelsen er der lagt vægt på følgende kriterier: 
During selection importance was placed on the following criteria:
• Høje koncentrationer af ftalater 
• High concentrations of phthalates
• Repræsentativt valg mellem de forskellige produktgrupper 
• Representative selection of the various product groups
• Repræsentativt valg mellem de fundne ftalater DIBP og DEHP 
• Representative selection of the detected phthalates DIBP and DEHP
• Produktet appellerer til børn. 
• Products that appeal to children.
4.1.3 Eksponeringsscenarier og valgte produkter 
4.1.3 Exposure scenarios and selected products
Ved valg af relevante eksponeringsscenarier er der taget udgangspunkt i den 2-åriges og 6/7-åriges mulige anvendelser af produkterne. 
When selecting relevant exposure scenarios, a starting point was taken in the possible use of the products by a 2-year-old and 6/7-year-old.
Der er i dette projekt fokus på kontakt med hud (sved) og mund (spyt). 
In this project, focus was on contact with skin (sweat) and the mouth (saliva).
I Tabel 4.1 beskrives de 18 eksponeringsscenarier, som er undersøgt i dette projekt, samt angivet de 10 produkter, som er udvalgt til migrationsanalyserne. 
Table 4.1 describes the 18 exposure scenarios that were investigated in this project and the 10 products that were selected for the migration analyses.
Tabel 4.1 Gennemførte eksponeringsscenarier Produkt 
Table 4.1 Exposure scenarios that were carried out Product
Mulig eksponering Simulant Estimeret forventet eksponeringstid min./dag 
Possible exposure Simulant Estimated expected exposure time (minuts/day)
Udvalgt produkt nr. 
Selected product no.
Barnet bærer tasken i hånden og kan sutte på materialet 
Child carries the bag in his hand and can suck on the material
Badeforhæng Barnet kan lege med og sutte på materialet 
Child can play with and suck on the material
Barnet kan lægge sin arm på materialet samt sutte på det. 
Child can place his arm on the material and suck on it.
Desuden kan barnet berøre overfladen med fugtige fingre, som efterfølgende føres ind i munden. 
In addition, the child can touch the surface with moist fingers that are put into the mouth.
Svømmeudstyr Barnet bærer materialet på huden 
Child carries the material on the skin
Barnet sidder op ad materialet og kan sutte på det 
Child sits against the material and can suck on it
Pilatesbolde Barnet leger med materialet og kan sutte på det 
Balance balls Child plays with the material and can suck on it
Der er ikke foretaget migrationsanalyser på T-shirts pga. meget lave indhold i disse produkter, mindre end 0,004 % (m/m). 
Migration analyses were not carried out on T-shirts due to the very low content in the products, less than 0.004 % (m/m).
Der analyseres ved migrationsanalyserne for DIBP og DEHP, som er påvist i høje koncentrationer i de udvalgte produkter. 
During the migration analyses, analyses were carried out for DIBP and DEHP that were detected in high concentrations in the selected products.
4.1.4 Metodebeskrivelse for migrationsanalyser 
4.1.4 Method description for migration analyses
Der afvejes en delprøve, se Tabel 4.2, og overfladen estimeres. 
A weighed sample amount, see Table 4.2, was extracted and the surface was estimated.
Delprøven er udtaget repræsentativt af overfladen af produktet, og så der sikres en god kontakt med sved- og spytsimulanterne. 
The sample is taken to represent of the surface of the product surface and to ensure good contact to the sweat simulant.
Der foretages dobbeltbestemmelse. 
An analysis in duplicate was carried out.
Delprøven nedsænkes i den forvarmede svedsimulant (20 ml). 
The sample amount was lowered into the preheated sweat simulant (20 ml).
Der medtages blindprøver og kontrolprøver ved analysen. 
Blank specimens and control tests were included in the analysis.
Tabel 4.2 Oversigt over prøvetagning til migrationsanalyser 
Table 4.2 Outline of sampling for migration analyses
Migrationsforsøg Produkttype Produkt nr. 
Migration tests Product type Product no.
Gennemsnitlig vægt (g) 
Average weight (g)
4.2 Resultater af migrationsanalyser 
4.2 Results of migration analyses
Resultaterne for migrationsanalyser følger nedenfor og er angivet med resultater beregnet som hhv. mg/kg og i %(m/m), som er vægtprocent (masse/masse). 
The results of the migration analyses are stated below and are stated with results calculated as mg/kg and in % (m/m), respectively, that are weight percentage (mass/mass).
Desuden er resultaterne beregnet per gennemsnitlige areal, mg/cm 
In addition, the results are calculated per average area, mg/cm
Resultater under detektionsgrænsen er angivet som ”< L.O.D”, Limit Of 
Results below the detection limit are stated as ”< L.O.D”, Limit of Detection.
Tabel 4.3 Resultater af migrationsanalyser i mg/kg, spyt DIBP 
Table 4.3 Results of migration analyses in mg/kg, saliva DIBP
Gns. mg/cm 
Average mg/cm
Tabel 4.7 Resultater af migrationsanalyser i %(m/m), sved DIBP 
Table 4.7 Results of migration analyses in %(m/m), sweat DIBP
i et produkt. 
in one product.
Der ses en mindre migration til kunstigt spyt sammenlignet med kunstigt sved. 
Less migration was observed to artificial saliva compared to artificial sweat.
Referenceliste for spinding 
List of references for spinning
Dette notat omfatter ringspinding og OE spinding af bomuld eller syntetfibre eller blandinger heraf i bomuldssystemet. 
This paper covers ring spinning and OE spinning of cotton or synthetic fibres or blends thereof in the cotton system.
Grundlaget for notatet er referencerne, angivet i kapitlets referenceliste. 
The references in this annex's list of references form the basis of this paper.
Garner opdeles overordnet efter to funktioner: garner til henholdsvis trikotage og vævede varer. 
Yarns are divided according to two functions: yarns for knitwear and woven yarns.
Fremstilling af spundne trikotagegarner og vævegarner af samme fibertype forløber meget ens inden for de enkelte spindesystemer. 
Manufacture of spun knitwear yarns and weaving yarns from the same fibre type is very similar within the individual spinning systems.
Groft sagt er den eneste fremstillingstekniske forskel snoningsantallet, der tilføres sidst i fremstillingsforløbet. 
Roughly speaking, the only difference in manufacture is the number of twists (ply) applied towards the end of the manufacturing process.
Trikotagegarner får det færreste antal snoninger. 
Knitwear yarns have the lowest number of twists.
Dette betyder, at en produktionslinje, der er sat op til trikotagegarner, relativt nemt kan omstilles til at producere vævegarner. 
This means that a production line set up for knitwear yarns is relatively easy to convert to production of weaving yarns.
At dette ikke gøres i praksis, skyldes hensynet til produktionshastighed. 
This is not done in practice due to production speed considerations.
For et spinderi er der i LCA-sammenhæng relativt få væsentlige miljøforhold, der skal tages i betragtning. 
There are relatively few important environmental aspects to consider for a spinning mill in an lifecycle assessment context.
Energiforbrug dels til spindelinjen og dels til konditionering af luften (luftfugtighed og temperatur) 
Energy consumption for the spinning line and for air conditioning (air humidity and temperature)
Fiberspildet ved spindeprocesserne 
Fibre waste during spinning processes
Eventuel brug af spindeolier til spindeprocesserne 
Any use of spindle oils for the spinning processes
Bomuldsstøv - som kan give anledning til lungesygdommen byssinose. 
Cotton dust - may cause the lung disease Byssinosis
På baggrund af Hammond et al, 1980 er følgende beregninger for el-energiforbruget foretaget og vist i skemaform i tabel 9.1 
Calculations for electricity consumption have been made on the basis of Hammond et al., 1980 and are shown in table 9.1 below.
Tabel 9.1 el-energiforbrug(alle energidata for processer i kWh per kg spundet garn) 
Table 9.1 Electricity consumption (all energy data for processes in kWh per kg spun yarn)
*(1) : At disse tal er forskellige skyldes, at det ikke tager lige lang tid at producere et kg af de forskellige garner. 
*(1): The reason these figures are different is that it does not take the same amount of time to produce one kg of the different types of yarn.
Data for spindeprocesser fra virksomhed 
Company data for spinning processes
Tal i ovenstående tabel er lidt forskellige fra virksomhedsdata (De Danske Bomuldsspinderier): 
The figures in the above table differ somewhat from the company data (De Danske Bomuldsspinderier - Danish cotton spinning mills):
Energiforbrug beregnes efter følgende erfaringsformler: 
Energy consumption is calculated according to the following formulas based on experience:
Ringgarn 100% syntetisk (i MJ/kg): E = 3,6*(0,6+0,05*(75-tex)), tex-interval 13 - 60, dvs. E = (5 - 13MJ/kg) 
Ring yarn 100 per cent synthetic (in MJ/kg): E = 3.6 * (0.6 + 0.05 * (75-tex)), tex-interval 13 - 60, i.e. E = (5 - 13MJ/kg)
Kæmmet ringgarn 65/35 Polyester/bomuld: E = 3,6*(0,75+0,05*(80-tex)), tex-interval 13 - 60, dvs. E= (6 - 15MJ/kg) 
Combed ring yarn 65/35 Polyester/cotton: E = 3.6 * (0.75 + 0.05 * (80-tex)), tex-interval 13 - 60, i.e. E = (6 - 15MJ/kg)
Kæmmet 100% bomuld, ringgarn: E = 3,6*(0,8+0,05*(80-tex)), tex-interval 13 - 60, dvs. E= (6 - 15MJ/kg). 
Combed 100 per cent cotton, ring yarn: E = 3.6 * (0.8 + 0.05 * (80-tex)), tex-interval 13 - 60, i.e. E = (6 - 15MJ/kg)
For alle garntyper bruges til konditioneringsanlæg: 
For all yarn types, the conditioning system uses:
Energi: Naturgas 0,017 Nm³/kg dvs. med 38,9 MJ/m³ ca. 0,6 MJ/kg 
Energy: natural gas 0.017 Nm³/kg i.e. with 38.9 MJ/m³ approx. 0.6 MJ/kg
Vand: 2,2 liter/kg. 
Water: 2.2 litres/kg
Som det ses, er tal fra virksomhed meget lig litteraturdata. 
As can be seen, the company figures are very similar to those from the literature.
Ved fremstilling af kartet bomuld er der ca. 15% spild, kartet syntetisk ca. 9% spild. 
From manufacture of carded cotton, there is about 15 per cent waste and about 9 per cent waste from carded synthetic.
Kæmmet bomuld ca. 30% spild (alene 15% fra kæmningen, tal fra Roberts (1980)). 
For combed cotton, there is about 30 per cent waste (15 per cent from combing alone, figures from Roberts (1980)).
Særlig ved fremstilling af kæmmet bomuld og ved fremstilling af syntetisk er der mulighed for at bruge fiberaffaldet til garner af lavere kvaliteter. 
Particularly during manufacture of combed cotton and synthetic, it is possible to use the fibre waste for lower quality yarn.
Vi har dog valgt at antage, at fiberaffald ikke recirkuleres, idet vi har for få oplysninger til at kunne anslå, hvor stor en del af affaldet der kan genanvendes. 
However, we have decided to assume that the fibre waste is not recirculated, as not enough information is available to estimate the proportion of recyclable waste.
Ved spinding af bomuld anvendes der ikke spindeolier. 
No spindle oils are used to spin cotton.
Ved spinding af syntetisk kan der anvendes spindeolier på spinderiet, men det er mere almindeligt at syntetfibrene har fået påført spindeolie ved fiberfremstillingen. 
Spindle oils may be used at the spinning mill to spin synthetic, but it is more common to apply spindle oil to the synthetic fibres during fibre production.
For støv på bomuldspinderi haves ingen data p.t. 
There is currently no data for dust at cotton spinning mills.
Personlige samtaler, 1999 med Anders Hedegaard, De Danske Bomuldsspinderier A/S. 
Personal talks, 1999, with Anders Hedegaard, De Danske Bomuldsspinderier A/S.
Feminisering af hanfisk er i dag blevet observeret i en række lande over hele verden. 
Feminisation of male fish has now been detected in a number of countries world-wide.
Denne form for hormonforstyrrelser er blevet set hos både en række ferskvands- og saltvandsfisk, skønt det oftest er set blandt ferskvandsarter. 
These kinds of hormone disruptions have been seen in a range of both freshwater and marine species of fish though most frequently among freshwater species.
Feminiseringerne tilskrives en udledning af naturlige og syntetiske østrogener samt østrogene stoffer til det akvatiske miljø via spildevand. 
The feminisations are believed to be caused by release of natural and synthetic estrogens and estrogenic compounds being released to the aquatic environment via sewage effluent.
Tegnene på feminisering af hanfisk er generelt en produktion af blommeproteinet, vitellogenin - en markør for østrogen eksponering, samt udvikling af intersex, en unormal form for tvekønnethed, hvor hannerne udvikler ægceller i testiklerne. 
Signs of feminisation in male fish are generally a synthesis of the yolk protein vitellogenin, an estrogen marker, and intersex, an abnormal type of hermaphoditism in which males develop egg cells in the testes.
De værste tilfælde af feminisering, hvad angår både forekomst og grad af fænomenet, er set i England, mens en mindre hyppig udbredelse er set i øvrige lande herunder Danmark. 
Worst cases of feminisation in regard to both occurrence and degree of the disruption have been seen in England while a lower extent has been found in other countries including Denmark.
Man skal være opmærksom på, at kort-tids-eksponeringsforsøg for stofferne under mistanke ikke nødvendigvis giver et korrekt estimat af risikoen for vilde populationer af fisk, som lever hele deres liv i spildevandsbelastede vandløb. 
Care must be taken in using results from short-term exposure studies as ultimate estimates of risk for wild populations of fish which live their entire life in sewage effluent receiving waters.
De østrogene komponenter i spildevand 
The estrogenic components of sewage effluent
En kombination af cellebaserede in vitro analysemetoder samt kemiske analyser af spildevand har verificeret og kvantificeret den østrogene aktivitet af spildevand i en række lande. 
A combination of cell based in vitro assays and chemical analyses of sewage water has verified and quantified the estrogenicity of sewage effluent from numerous countries.
I enkelte tilfælde er de østrogene kemikalier, alkylphenoler, også blevet antaget at være medansvarlige kandidater. 
In single cases, the estrogenic chemicals, alkylphenols, have also been suggested as possible causative agents.
Østrogenkoncentrationer i spildevand og overfladevand 
Sewage effluent and surface water concentrations of estrogens
I overfladevand er østrogenerne fundet i koncentrationerne 0.05 15.5 ng estradiol/l, < 0,1 17 ng estrone/l, < 0,1 3.4 ng estriol/l og < 0,053 30,8 ng ethinylestradiol/l med typiske koncentrationer under 5 ng/l for estradiol og østron og under 1 ng/l for ethinylestradiol. 
Concentrations in surface waters have been found in the ranges 0.05 15.5 ng estradiol/l, < 0.1 17 ng estrone/l, < 0.1 3.4 ng estriol/l and < 0.053 30.8 ng ethinylestradiol/l with typical concentrations of less than 5 ng/l for estradiol and estrone and less than 1 ng/l for ethinylestradiol.
Ethinylestradiol er mere persistent end de naturlige østrogener både i vand og sediment. 
Ethinylestradiol is more persistent than the natural estrogens both in water and sediment.
Forekomst og skæbne af alkylphenoler og bisphenol A i spildevand og overfladevand 
Occurrence and fate of alkylphenols and bisphenol A in sewage effluent and surface water
Nogle af de mere potente østrogene kemikalier, som kan udledes med spildevand, er alkylphenolerne, nonylphenol og octylphenol, samt bisphenol A. Nonylphenol og octylphenol er i spildevand generelt blevet fundet i koncentrationer under 10 µg/l og i overfladevand i koncentrationer under 1 µg/l, skønt der er få eksempler på koncentrationer over 300 µg/l i spildevand og 600 µg/l i overfladevand. 
Some of the more potent estrogenic compounds which might be released with sewage effluent are the alkylphenols, nonylphenol and octylphenol, and bisphenol A. Nonylphenol and octylphenol have in sewage effluent generally been detected in concentrations below 10 µg/l and below 1 µg/l in surface water, though, few example of concentrations above 300 µg/l in sewage effluent and 600 µg/l in surface water have been seen.
Bisphenol A er sjældent fundet over 1 µg/l i hverken spildevand eller overfladevand. 
Bisphenol A is seldom detected above 1 µg/l in either sewage effluent or surface water.
Både alkylphenoler og bisphenol A har et stort potentiale for at akkumulere i sedimentet. 
Both alkylphenols and bisphenol A have great potential for accumulating in the sediment.
Laveste effektkoncentrationer for feminisering med østrogener, alkylphenoler og bisphenol A 
Lowest effect concentrations for feminisation by estrogens, alkylphenols and bisphenol A
Ethinylestradiol er mere potent end de naturlige østrogener med hensyn til at fremkalde feminiserende effekter hos hanfisk. 
Ethinylestradiol is more potent than the natural estrogens in regard to inducing feminising effects.
Vitellogeninproduktion og intersex i hanner er blevet induceret med 0,1 ng/l, og kønsratio er ændret mod hunner med en eksponering for 0,6 ng/l. En række andre testikeleffekter er set ved koncentrationer under 10 ng/l. 
Vitellogenin production and intersex in males have been induced by 0,1 ng/l and changed sex ratio by 0,6 ng/l. A range of other testis effects have been seen at concentrations below 10 ng/l.
Nonylphenol, oktylphenol og bisphenol A har en lavere østrogenicitet end de naturlige og syntetiske østrogener. 
Nonylphenol, octylphenol and bisphenol A have lower estrogenicity compared to the natural and synthetic estrogens.
Induktion af vitellogenin kan forekomme ved en eksponering for 5 µg/l nonylphenol eller octylphenol, og intersex, ændret kønsratio og andre effekter ved nonylphenol-koncentrationer mellem 30 og 100 µg/l. Forstyrrelser i det hanlig reproduktionssystem er set ved 2 µg/l oktylphenol. 
Induction of vitellogenin has been made by 5 µg/l nonylphenol or octylphenol, and intersex, changed ratio and other effects at nonylphenol concentrations between 30 and 100 µg/l. Male reproductive disorders have been seen with 2 µg/l octylphenol.
Bisphenol A kan fremkalde effekter ved koncentrationer mellem 10 og 40 µg/l. 
Bisphenol A has exerted effects at concentrations between 10 and 40 µg/l.
Sammenhæng mellem lavest effektkoncentration for østrogenerne/østrogene stoffer og deres forekomst i vandmiljøet 
Relationsship between lowest effect concentrations of estrogens/estrogenic compounds and their presence in the environment
Baseret på den nuværende viden omkring miljømæssig forekomst og østrogene potentiale af østriol er det endnu ikke muligt at estimere bidraget af dette østrogen til de observerede feminiseringer. 
Based on the present knowledge on environmental occurrence of and the estrogenic potential of estriol it is not possible to estimate the contribution of this estrogen to observed feminisations.
Bisphenol A er generelt blevet fundet i koncentrationer under den laveste effektkoncentration for inducering af reproduktive effekter. 
Bisphenol A is generally detected at concentrations below the lowest effect concentrations for inducing reproductive disorders in male fish.
Hvilke stoffer, der er ansvarlige for den observerede feminisering af fisk i Danmark, er stadig uvist pga. begrænset viden om vandkoncentrationer af østrogener i de danske vandløb. 
Which compounds are responsible for observed feminisations of fish in Denmark is still uncertain due to a limited knowledge on water concentrations of estrogens.
Under en vurdering af den mulige betydning af østrogener/østrogene stoffer i miljøet på reproduktionssystemet hos fisk skal flere aspekter tage i betragtning. 
Several aspects have to be taken into account when assessing the possible implications for the reproductive health of fish of estrogenic compounds in the environment.
Østrogener og østrogene stoffer i spildevand vil virke additivt, hvorved man nedsætter den koncentration af et enkeltstof, som kræves for at fremkalde effekter. 
Estrogens and estrogenic chemicals in sewage effluent will act in an additive manner thereby lowing the concentration of a single compounds which is needed to induce effects.
Forskellige arter udviser ikke samme sensitivitet. 
Different species exert different sensitivities.
Timingen af eksponering i forhold til kritiske perioder i fiskens livscyklus er af stor betyding for de resulterende effekter, og gentagende eksponering for høje koncentrationer af østrogner ser ud til at give uforholdsmæssig store effekter. 
The timing of the exposure relative to critical periods in the fish life-cycle is of great importance to the resulting effects, and intermittent exposures to high concentrations of estrogens seems to give unproportionately large effects.