natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Da universiteternes finan­ siering af postdocer og adjunkter ikke har fulgt denne udvikling, er det i høj grad blevet en opgave for Det Frie Forskningsråd at sikre dansk forsknings vækstlag ved at selektere og finansiere de allerbedste forskertalenter. 
As the universities’ own financing of postdocs and assistant professorships has not been able to keep up with this development, it has largely become the responsibility of The Danish Council for Independent Research to nourish the growth layer of Danish research by selecting and financing the very best research talents.
”Postdocstipendier er et af Det Frie Forskningsråds vigtigste virkemidler. 
”The postdoc grants are among the most important instruments offered by The Danish Council for Independent Research.
Ikke bare er de afgørende for, at vi fortsat kan skabe banebrydende forskningsresultater i Danmark. 
Not only are they vital in relation to our continued ability to create ground-breaking research results in Denmark.
De er også vigtige for universiteterne selv, fordi de skal kunne være sikre på, at den kvalitetsvurdering og selektering af postdocprojekterne, som DFF hvert år forestår, sikrer den fornødne originalitet og excellence i det danske forskningsmiljø. 
They also play an important role in relation to the universities, because it is vital for them that the quality assessment and selection of postdoc projects which DFF carries out every year contributes to ensuring the necessary level of originality and excellence in the Danish research environment.
Det viser undersøgelsen med al tydelighed, at den gør”, siger bestyrelsesformand for Det Frie Forskningsråd Peter Munk Christiansen. 
And the recent evaluation clearly shows that DFF’s quality assessment and selection process lives up to those requirements,” notes Peter Munk Christiansen, Chair of the Council’s Board of Directors.
Resultaterne af undersøgelsen er sammenfattet i Eva­ luering af postdocfinansiering i Det Frie Forskningsråd, der konkret belyser ligheder og forskelle i karriere­ udvikling, forskningsproduktivitet, internationalisering og opgaveporteføljer mellem de indlejrede og de individuelt finansierede postdocer i perioden 2001-2009. 
The results of the evaluation are summarised in the report, “Evaluering af postdocfinansiering i Det Frie Forskningsråd” (Evaluation of the postdoc financing within The Danish Council for Independent Research), which examines the similarities and differences in relation to career paths, research productivity, internationalisation and portfolios between the embedded and the individually financed postdocs for the period 2001-2009.
Konklusionen er overordnet, at der ikke er den store forskel på, hvordan forskere finansieret med den ene eller anden type virke­ middel klarer sig. 
The overall conclusion is that there are no major differences in how well researchers financed by one or the other instrument manage career-wise.
Uanset virkemiddel leverer DFF­støttede postdocer rigtig god forskning. 
Regardless of
”Vi er meget tilfredse med at konstatere, at begge virke­ midler ser ud til at have en lang række positive effekter. 
”We are extremely satisfied to see that both types of instruments seem to have a wide range of positive effects.
Langt bedre end verdensgennemsnittet 
Well above the world average
Der kan dog måles små effektforskelle mellem de indlej­ rede og individuelle stipendier. 
However, minor differences can be measured in the effects of the embedded and individual grants, respectively.
Overordnet viser under­ søgelsen, at de individuelle postdocer klarer sig relativt bedre inden for FNU, FSS og FTP, mens det inden for FSE og FKK er de indlejrede postdocer, der klarer sig bedst. 
Overall, the evaluation shows that the performance of individual postdocs is relatively better within FNU, FSS and FTP, while it is the embedded postdocs who perform better within FSE and FKK.
En forklaring på dette kan være, at der er sat navn på en langt højere andel af de indlejrede postdoc­stipen­ diater inden for FSE og FKK på ansøgningstidspunktet, mens de indlejrede postdoc­stipendier inden for FNU, FSS og FTP oftere gives til unavngivne stipendiater, som først findes efter, at projektet har modtaget bevilling. 
One explanation for this may be that, in relation to FSE and FKK, the applications for embedded postdoc grants are typically for named candidates, while applications for embedded postdoc grants within FNU, FSS and FTP tend more often to be for unknown candidates, where the candidates will be selected after the projects have been awarded funding.
Evaluering af postdocfinansiering i Det Frie Forskningsråd 
Evaluering af postdocfinansiering i Det Frie Forskningsråd (Evaluation of the postdoc financing within The Danish Council for Independent Research)
88 sider. 
88 pages.
Udgivet december 2012 af Styrelsen for Forskning og Innovation. 
Published December 2012 by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation.
Undersøgelsen består af tre delanalyser: 
The evaluation is comprised of three sub-analyses:
En surveyanalyse af indlejrede postdocs 
A survey-based analysis of embedded postdocs
En registerbaseret analyse af begge virkemidler 
A register-based analysis of both instruments
En bibliometrisk analyse af begge virkemidler 
A bibliometric analysis of both instruments
De bibliometriske analyser fokuserer på viden­ skabelig produktion, publiceringsmønstre og cita­ tionsgennemslagskraft. 
The bibliometric analysis focuses on scientific production, publication patterns and citation impact.
Den registerbaserede un­ dersøgelse kortlægger mobilitet for individuelle og indlejrede postdocs samt for en kontrolgruppe bestående af forskere i begyndelsen af deres kar­ rierer, som ikke har modtaget bevilling fra DFF. 
The register-based analysis maps the mobility for individual and embedded postdocs, as well as for a control group comprising researchers in the beginning of their careers, who have not received grants from DFF.
publikationsaktivitet lidt større end indlejrede postdocer. 
However, the publication activity is slightly higher for the individual postdocs than for the embedded postdocs.
”Det er godt at se, at publikationer fra både individuelle og indlejrede postdocs inden for områderne omfattet af FSS, FNU og FTP citeres væsentligt mere end publika­ tioner i kontrolgruppen. 
”It is good to see that the publications of both individual and embedded postdocs within the research areas covered by FSS, FNU and FTP have a considerably higher citation frequency than publications in the control group.
Det er også tilfredsstillende, at de individuelle og indlejrede postdocer inden for FKK og FSE gennemsnitligt set også er en anelse mere produktive i den undersøgte periode sammenlignet med kontrolgruppen,” siger Peter Munk Christiansen. 
We are also satisfied that, on average, the productivity of the individual as well as embedded postdocs within FKK and FSE is slightly higher than that in the control group, for the period covered by the evaluation,” says Peter Munk Christiansen.
Og når de endelig gør det, er det for at forske videre i den private forsknings­ sektor. 
If they do leave the universities, it is typically to continue their research activities in the private sector.
Her er der dog stor variation inden for fagom­ råderne og de faglige råd. 
However, there are major differences between the different fields of science and the different research councils.
”Overordnet set er der al mulig grund til at glæde sig over, at Det Frie Forskningsråds udvælgelse og finansiering af postdocer baner vejen for dygtige forskere, der klarer sig markant bedre end øvrige sammenlignelige forskere. 
”We are extremely satisfied that DFF’s selection and financing of postdocs paves the way for talented researchers, who generally outperform other researchers at the postdoctoral level.
Det Frie Forskningsråd vil bruge evalueringens resultater til fortsat at sikre, at dansk forsknings talenter understøttes på bedst mulig måde til gavn for det danske samfund” siger Peter Munk Christiansen. 
The Danish Council for Independent Research will use the results of the evaluation in its continued effort to support the talents within Danish research, for the benefit of the Danish society,” says Peter Munk Christiansen.
Postdocstipendier i DFF 
Postdoctoral grants at The Danish Council for Independent Research
Det Frie Forskningsråds finansiering af postdocer sker direkte via individuelle postdocforløb eller indirekte via indlejrede postdocforløb i forsk­ ningsprojekter med en P.I. på lektor/professorni­ veau som hovedbevillingshaver. 
The financing of postdocs by The Danish Council for Independent Research is either direct – in the form of individual postdoc grants, or indirect – in the form of embedded postdoc grants within larger research projects which have a principal investigator at an associate professor/professor level as the main grant holder.
De individuelle postdocer opnår finansiering til eget projekt og egen løn i en periode på typisk to eller tre år, mens de indlejrede postdocer typisk får hele eller dele af postdoc-forløbet finansieret via et forsk­ ningsprojekt. 
For Individual postdocs financing of their own projects and salaries are awarded, typically covering a period of 2-3 years, while embedded postdocs usually receive full or partial funding of their research via a research project.
DFF i 2012‌ 
The Danish Council for Independent Research in 2012
2012 blev et begivenhedsrigt år for DFF. 
2012 turned out to be an eventful year for DFF.
Med udgangen af 2012 har rådet fulgt en række af de senere års målsætninger til dørs. 
At the end of the year, the Council was able to complete the implementation of several of its initiatives launched in recent years.
Rådet har desuden udviklet og styrket sin forskningsfaglige base og sikret, at den nye lov om forskningsrådgivning fra 2010 er blevet succesfuldt implementeret. 
In addition, the Council has developed and strengthened its own scientific expertise and thus ensured a successful implementation of the new Danish Act on the Research Advisory System from 2010.
Nedenstående er et udpluk af de væsentligste aktiviteter fra 2012. 
In the following, we provide a summary of the most important activities and events from 2012.
Det første fælles DFF-opslag 
The first joint DFF Call for Proposals
Den 7. august 2012 blev en særlig dag i DFF’s nyere historie. 
The 7th of August, 2012 marked a special occasion in the recent history of DFF.
Da kunne rådet for første gang lancere alle de faglige råds virkemidler i det fælles “Opslag E2012 og F2013”. 
For the first time, the Council gathered all instruments pertaining to the difference research councils in a joint Call for Proposals for Autumn 2012 and Spring 2013.
Forud var gået et grundigt arbejde med at harmonisere virkemidler på tværs af de faglige råd og forenkle administrative pro­ cedurer i forbindelse med opslaget. 
Prior to that, there had been an extensive effort to harmonise instruments across the scientific research councils and to simplify the administrative procedures in relation to the Call.
Målet med det fælles DFF­opslag er at gøre ansøgningsprocesserne enklere og mere gennemskuelige for forskerne, så det bliver nemmere for ansøgerne at søge rådet. 
The goal of a joint DFF Call is to make the application processes less complex and more transparent for the researchers, and thereby make it easier to apply.
Rådet har nu følgende fælles virkemidler: DFF­Individuelt postdocstipendium, DFF­ Forskningsprojekt 1, 2 og 3 og Sapere Aude-programmet. 
The Council now operates with the following joint instruments: DFF-Individual postdoctoral grants, DFF-Research projects 1, 2, and 3, and all instruments under the Sapere Aude programme.
Desuden er der nogle få særlige virkemidler, som udbydes inden for enkelte faglige hovedområder. 
In addition to this, a few specific instruments are being offered within particular fields of science.
Fuld implementering af forskerkarriere- programmet Sapere Aude 
Full implementation of the research career programme Sapere Aude
DFF’s ambition om at skabe økonomiske rammer for danske forskere, der er konkurrencedygtige med rammerne i udlandet, blev i 2012 ført ud i livet med implementeringen af det tredje trin i DFF’s Sapere Aude­program: DFF­ Topforsker-bevillingen. 
DFF’s ambition to create a financial framework for Danish researchers that can compete with the frameworks in other countries was realised in 2012, when the third and final level in DFF’s Sapere Aude programme, the DFF-Advanced Grant, was implemented.
Hensigten med bevillingen, der gives til den excellente forsker på professorniveau, er at give bevillingsmodtageren mulighed for at forfølge nye, ambi­ tiøse mål ved at lede og udføre et forskningsprojekt over en periode på 5 år. 
The objective of this grant, which is offered to excellent researchers at professor-level, is to give the recipients an opportunity to pursue new ambitious goals by heading and carrying out a research project over a 5-year period.
Sapere Aude­programmet blev søsat med de to første trin i 2010: DFF-Ung Eliteforsker (fra 2013 DFF-Forskertalent) og DFF­Forskningsleder, der henvender sig til forskere på henholdsvis ph.d.­ og postdoc­niveau. 
The Sapere Aude programme was initiated in 2010 with the implementation of the first two levels, comprising the DFF- Postdoc Grant (as from 2013 renamed DFF-Research Talent) and the DFF-Starting Grant, intended for researchers working at a PhD and postdoctoral level, respectively.
Med 2012’s lance­ ring af det tredje og sidste trin er programmet nu fuldt implementeret. 
With the launch of the third and final level, the programme has now been fully implemented.
Det tilfredsstillende udfald skyldes, at der på finansloven for 2012 blev prioriteret yderligere midler til programmet. 
The full implementation of the programme was made possible when additional funds were allocated to the programme with the Danish Finance Act for 2012.
Forskning for 1 milliard kroner 
DKK 1 billion worth of research
DFF vedtager Open Access-politik sammen med danske råd og fonde 
Together with other Danish councils and foundations, DFF adopts Open Access policy
Fri adgang til offentligt finansierede forskningsresultater er afgørende, fordi det danner et bredere og mere tilgængeligt grundlag for nye erkendelser og opdagelser. 
Free access to publicly financed research results is crucial,
FIGUR 4: 
FIGURE 4:
Open Access-politik søger DFF og de øvrige offentlige råd og fonde at udbrede Open Access som standard i videnskabe­ lige publicering. 
With the joint Open Access policy, DFF and the other public councils and foundations wish to promote Open Access as a standard within scientific publication.
Formålet er at styrke effekten af forskningen ved at sikre uhindret og omkostningsfri digital adgang hertil for alle. 
The objective is to strengthen the effects of research by ensuring an unhindered and cost-free digital access to the research results.
For rådenes og fondenes bevillingsmodtagere betyder beslutningen om at implementere Open Access, at de skal bede forlag om tilladelse til at parallelpublicere deres forsk­ ningsartikler i universiteternes digitale arkiver eller i et emnespecifikt arkiv efter en karensperiode på mellem seks og tolv måneder fra det tidspunkt, hvor artiklen publiceres 
For the councils’ and foundations’ grant recipients, the decision to implement Open Access means that they will have to ask their publishers for permission to provide parallel publication of their research articles in the universities’
DFF-Ung Eliteforsker DFF-Forskningsleder DFF-Topforsker 
DFF-Postdoc Grants DFF-Starting Grants DFF-Advanced Grants
FIGUR 5: 
FIGURE 5:
Sapere Aude, ansøgt og bevilget beløb, 2012 (mio. kr.). 
Sapere Aude, amounts applied for and granted, 2012 (DKK million).
Postdocbevillinger med god effekt 
Postdoc grants with great impact
2012 blev også året, hvor DFF gennemførte en evaluering af rådets postdocfinansiering. 
2012 was also the year where DFF carried out an evaluation of the Council’s postdoc financing.
Evalueringen belyser rådets finansiering af både individuelt finansierede postdoc- stipendier og postdocstipendier, som er indlejret i andre 
The evaluation examines
Perioden dækker både aktiviteter for de seks statslige forskningsråd indtil 2004 og det samlede råd fra 2004. 
The period covers the activities of the former six national research councils until 2004, as well as the activities of the present Council (DFF) which was established in 2004.
Evalueringen karakteriserer begge de to typer af stipendier som succes­ fulde støtteformer. 
The evaluation characterises both types of grants as successful forms of
FIGUR 6: 
FIGURE 6:
Sapere Aude, succesrater, 2012 . 
Sapere Aude, success rates 2012 (%).
Antal bevillinger/ansøgninger og bevilget beløb/ansøgt beløb. 
Success rates for applications and the amounts applied for.
sammenlignet med kontrolgruppen og ’verdensgennem­ snittet’. 
support.
Begge typer af postdocer er også mere publice­ ringsaktive end postdocer i kontrolgruppen. 
Both types of postdocs also have a higher level of publication activity than the postdocs in the control group.
Tilmed har de DFF­støttede postdocer en stærkere international berørings­ flade, ligesom de hyppigere end sammenlignelige yngre forskere fortsætter med en forskerkarriere. 
The postdocs receiving support from DFF even have a stronger international network, just as they are more likely to continue a research career, than other younger researchers working at the same level.
DFF-Ung Eliteforsker 
DFF-Postdoc Grants
DFF-Forskningsleder 
DFF-Starting Grants
DFF-Topforsker 
DFF-Advanced Grants
FIGUR 7: 
FIGURE 7:
Sapere Sapere Aude, succesrater fordelt på køn, 2012(%). 
Sapere Aude, success rates distributed by gender, 2012 (%).
Bevilget beløb/ansøgt beløb og antal bevillinger/ansøgninger. 
Success rates for applications and the amounts applied for.
Mænd Kvinder Mænd Kvinder 
Men Women Men Women
Bevilget beløb/ ansøgt beløb 
Success rates for the amounts applied for
Antal bevillinger/ ansøgninger 
Success rates for applications
AT TESTE MODELLER PÅ FORTIDEN 
TESTING MODELS ON THE PAST
David Nogués-Bravo, født 1975, lektor, ph.d., Center for Makro- økologi, Evolution og Klima på Biologisk Institut, Københavns Universitet. 
David Nogués-Bravo, born 1975, Associate Professor, PhD, Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen.
Bevilling: Sapere Aude: DFF-Forskningsleder på 6 millioner kr. 
Awarded a Sapere Aude: DFF-Starting Grant of DKK 6 million.
Dyrearter over hele verden er truet på grund af klimaforandringer. 
Climate changes pose a challenge to species of animals across the entire globe.
Da det imidlertid er svært at forudsige præcis, hvordan arterne vil reagere på stigende temperaturer, forhøjet vandstand og mindre is i de polare egne, er det vanskeligt at forebygge, at arter uddør. 
However, as it is difficult to predict how the species will react to increasing temperatures, rising water levels and the melting ice caps in the polar regions, it is difficult to prevent their extinction.
Det vil David Nogués-Bravo nu gøre noget ved. 
David Nogués-Bravo intends to address that problem.
Med forskningsprojektet ’EXTINCTIONs’ skal de eksisterende videnskabelige forudsigelsesmetoder afprøves på historiske data om udryddede arter. 
The objective of his research project, EXTINCTIONs, is to test the existing scientific forecast models on historical data on extinct species.
Det vil afsløre, hvor robuste metoderne egentlig er, og hvordan de kan forbedres med henblik på at kortlægge de nule- vende arters fremtid. 
This will help to uncover how robust these methods are, and how they can be improved in order to be able to predict the future of living species.
”Vores metoder til forudsigelse af, hvordan arter vil reagere på globale forandringer, skal være så præcise som muligt. 
”Our methods for predicting how species will react to global changes must be as precise as possible.
Ellers har vi svært ved at tage forholdsregler og beskytte arterne imod udryddelse. 
Otherwise it will be difficult for us to take precautionary measures to protect species against extinction.
Vi vil derfor forsøge at kigge tilbage i tiden og afprøve de gængse forudsigelsesmetoder på en af de udryddelsesperioder, vi ved allermest om, nemlig den sene kvarternære periode fra 50.000 til 3.000 år før vor tidsregning. 
Therefore we will focus on the past and test our current forecast methods on one of the periods of extinction we know most about, namely the Late Quaternary between 50,000- 3,000 years ago.
I den periode, der var præget af både istid og menneskelig påvirkning, uddøde hele 65 procent af alle store pattedyr, bl.a. den uldhårede mammut og hulebjørnen. 
During that age, which was dominated by periods of glaciation as well as human impacts, 65 percent of all larger mammals, including the woolly mammoth and the cave bear, became extinct.
Derudover ændrede udbredelsen af arter sig, genetisk variation gik tabt og økologiske samfund blev nedbrudt og gendannet”, siger David Nogués-Bravo. 
In addition, the distribution of species changed, genetic variation was curtailed and ecosystems were degraded and subsequently regenerated,” David Nogués-Bravo explains.
Forskningskonferencen 2012 
12
“Forskningsidéen – drivkræfter i fri forskning” var temaet for DFF’s årlige forskningskonference, som blev afholdt den 15. marts i Moltkes Palæ i København. 
”The research idea – driving forces in independent research” was the theme of DFF’s annual research conference, held on 15 March at Moltkes Palæ in Copenhagen.
Formålet med konferencen var at sætte fokus på, hvordan banebrydende forskning foregår på højeste niveau, og hvad der skal til for at stimulere den. 
The purpose of the conference was to focus on how ground-breaking research occurs at the highest level of expertise, and to examine what it takes to stimulate such research.
Til at belyse temaet havde rådet inviteret nobelpristager i medicin fra 2001, Sir Richard Timothy Hunt, til at tale om den kreative forskning, der ikke nødvendigvis er politisk korrekt. 
Thus, the Council had invited the 2001 Nobel Prize winner in medicine, Sir Richard Timothy Hunt, to give a talk about the creative type of research, which is not always politically correct.
Herudover deltog fire modtagere af DFF’s Sapere Aude­bevillinger, der på levende vis fortalte om, hvordan idéen bag deres Sapere Aude­projekter var opstået, og hvordan den blev udfoldet. 
Four recipients of DFF’s Sapere Aude grants had also been invited, and each of them they gave a vivid account of how they had come upon their ideas for their Sapere Aude projects, and how they had unfolded them.
I den efterfølgende paneldebat var der bred tilslutning til at se den frie og nysgerrighedsdrevne forskning som et afgørende fundament for samfundets samlede innovations­ kraft. 
In the subsequent panel discussion there was general consensus among the participants that the independent and curiosity-driven research must be seen as the foundation for the overall innovative driving force in society.
Deltagerne i konferencen var medlemmer af Folketin­ gets Uddannelsesudvalg, repræsentanter for offentlige råd og fonde og interesseorganisationer samt medlemmer af DFF. 
The conference was attended by members of the Education Committee of the Danish Parliament, representatives of public councils and foundations and interest organisations, as well as members of DFF.
Rådet har efterfølgende gennem en række debatoplæg i dagspressen og i forbindelse med møder med rådets samarbejdspartnere igangsat en debat om, hvordan DFF og rådets samarbejdspartnere i fællesskab kan udvikle en bedre forståelse af den frie forskning og dens bidrag til samfundet og virksomhederne. 
Through various contributions in the daily media and in connection with meetings held with its collaborative partners, The Danish Council for Independent Research has subsequently launched a wider debate on how DFF and its collaborative partners can help to strengthen the public awareness of independent research and its contributions to businesses and society.
I 2013 vil rådets forskningskonference have titlen ”Køn, forskning og excellence”. 
In 2013, the theme of the Council’s research conference will be “Gender, research and excellence”.