natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
Det konkluderer den bibliometri- ske analyse Analyses of the scholarly and scientific output from grants funded by the Danish Council for Indepen- dent Research from 2005 to 2008, der blev bestilt af Styrelsen for Forskning og Innovation og udarbejdet som led i evalueringen af Det Frie Forskningsråd i 2014. 
That is the conclusion of the bibliometric analysis Analyses of the scholarly and scientific output from grants funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research from 2005 to 2008, which was commissioned by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation and carried out as part of the evaluation of the Danish Council for Independent Research in 2014.
Analysen bidrager til at underbygge evalueringens overordnede konklusion om, at DFF spiller en væsentlig rolle i det danske forskningsfinansieringssystem. 
The analysis substantiates the overall conclusion of the evaluation that DFF plays a key role in the Danish research funding system.
Den høje gennemslagskraft gælder både andelen af højt citerede artikler og den gennemsnitlige citeringsaktivitet. 
The impressive impact of DFF-funded articles can be seen both in relation to their share of frequently cited articles and in terms of the average citing activity.
Konkret når analysen frem til, at 19 procent af DFF-artiklerne er blandt de 10 procent mest citerede artikler i verden. 
More specifically, the analysis shows that 19 percent of DFF articles rank among the 10 percent most cited articles in the world.
Generelt er DFF-artiklerne altså væsentligt mere interessante for og efterspurgte af forskersamfundet sammenlignet med den gennemsnitlige internationale publikation. 
Thus, the research community generally exhibits a higher level of interest in and demand for these articles, compared with the average international publication.
Kigger man til USA, ligger de lidt under de tre højest performende amerikanske universiteter. 
And if we compare with the US, the impact ranks just slightly below that of the three best performing universities in America.
I følge Dansk Center for Forskningsanalyse, der står bag analysen, er dansk forskningsperformance generelt høj, og danske forsk- ningsartikler har en rigtig god gennemslagskraft i det videnskabelige samfund. 
According to the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, which is responsible for the analysis, Danish research is generally characterised by a high level of performance, and Danish research articles as a whole have a strong impact within the scientific community.
Det er derfor desto mere bemærkelsesværdigt, at DFF-artiklerne performer på et endnu højere niveau, der kan sammenlignes med det niveau, som forskerne bag Danmarks Grundforskningsfonds Centres of Excellence publicerer på. 
This just makes it more remarkable that the performance of DFF-funded articles is at an even higher level, comparable to the level at which the top researchers behind the Danish National Research Foundation’s Centres of Excellence publish.
Analysen tegner samtidig et billede af, at dem, der indgiver patentansøgninger baseret på DFF-bevillinger, har en meget højere gennemsnitlig succes med at få bevilget patenter end andre offentlige patentansøgere. 
The analysis also establishes that those researchers who submit patent applications on the basis of work financed by DFF have a much higher success rate than other public patent applicants, when it comes to being awarded patents.
I det lys er det også markant, at DFF-bevillinger i perioden gav anledning til 15,5 procent af alle offentlige patentansøgninger. 
In this connection it is also worth noting that, in the period covered by the analysis, DFF grants led to 15.5 percent of all public patent applications.
En anden interessant iagttagelse, som forfatterne til analysen har gjort, er, at DFF-bevillinger synes at højne forskerens performance. 
Another interesting observation made by the authors of the analysis is that DFF grants seem to increase the researchers’ performance.
I hvert fald opnår bevillingsmodtagere, hvis perfor- manceniveau er middel ved ansøgningstidspunktet, en generel forbedring i performance efter bevillingen sammenlignet med de afviste ansøgere på samme niveau. 
Grant recipients whose level of performance has been average at the time of application have generally improved their performance after their grant period, when compared with unsuccessful applicants with a similar performance level.
Analysen er overvejende baseret på artikler inden for naturvidenskab, sundhedsvidenskab og teknisk videnskab, fordi det er på disse områder, at der bedst kan sammenlignes og måles på international gennemslagskraft. 
The analysis is mainly based on articles published within the natural, medical and technical sciences, as it is easier to compare and measure the level of international impact within these areas of research.
I noget mindre omfang er samfundsvidenskab omfattet af analysen og humaniora kun i meget begrænset omfang. 
Social sciences are covered to a lesser extent, and humanities only to a very limited extent, by the analysis.
10 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 
ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Mod et mere miljøvenligt Internet 
Towards a more environmen­ tally friendly internet
Trafikken på internettet stiger fortsat hastigt. 
The flow of data on the internet continues to rise rapidly.
Det stiller krav til udviklingen af nye teknologier til forbedring af internettets kapacitet og hurtighed. 
This calls for the development of new technologies that may improve the capacity and speed of the internet.
Men ikke nok med det. 
But that is not all.
Der er behov for nye teknologier, der samtidig kan reducere Internettets energiforbrug markant. 
There is also a need for new technologies that may simultaneously reduce the energy consumption of the internet significantly.
Det samlede strømforbrug for Internettet er nemlig blevet så stort, at det svarer til et CO2-udslip på mere end 2 procent af det totale udslip skabt af mennesker. 
The overall consumption of electricity for the internet has become so large that it corresponds to more than 2 percent of the global anthropogenic COemissions.
Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe forsker i udvikling af energieffektive løsninger til fremtidens såkaldt spektralt- effektive optiske datasignaler, der underbygger internettet. 
Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe carries out research on the development of future energy-efficient solutions for the so-called spectrally-efficient optical data signals, which support the internet.
Disse signaler kræver ny avanceret optisk signalbehandling, for at en reduktion af internettets energiforbrug kan opnås. 
These signals require a new, advanced optical processing of data in order to be able to reduce the energy consumption of the internet.
”Min forskning har vist, at der er et stort potentiale for øget telekommunikationsbåndbredde med lavere energiforbrug, når optisk signalbehandling i silicium-nanotråde og specialiserede optiske fibre anvendes. 
”My research has shown a great potential for obtaining an increased telecommunications bandwidth at a lower energy consumption, when using optical signal processing in nano-silicon threads and specialised optical fibres.
Ikke mindst ved brug af såkaldte optiske tidslinser og optiske telesko- panordninger,” siger Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe. 
Not least when using so-called optical time lenses and optical telescopic devices,” Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe notes.
Det Frie Forskningsråd i 
Danish Council for Independent Research in
Evalueringen af Det Frie Forskningsråd var et væsentligt omdrejningspunkt i 2014. 
The evaluation of Danish Council for Independent Research has been a central focal point in 2014.
Året bød dog også på uddeling af YDUN-bevillinger til lovende kvindelige forskere og en ny internationaliseringspolitik, der skal bidrage til at øge danske forskeres mobilitet. 
But the year also saw the distribution of YDUN grants to promising female researchers, and the launch of the Council’s new internationalisation policy, which aims to increase the mobility of Danish researchers.
et Frie Forskningsråd investerede i 2014 knap 1,4 mia. kroner i vigtige forskningsaktiviteter. 
uring 2014, DFF invested approximately DKK 1.4 billion in important research activities.
Rådet modtog ikke færre end 3908 ansøgninger, hvoraf 542 udløste en forskningsbevilling. 
The Council received no less than 3,908 applications, of which 542 received a grant.
Året bød på en stigning i antallet af ansøgninger på ca. 500 i forhold til de senere år, og det endda når der ses bort fra ansøgninger til YDUN-programmet, som kun blev udbudt i 2014. 
Compared to previous years, this was an increase of approximately 500 applications, and that is even excluding the applications for the YDUN programme, which was only offered in 2014.
DFF må igen i 2014 konstatere, at rådet fortsat modtager mange ansøgninger af meget høj kvalitet, som det ikke er muligt at give bevilling til. 
This shows, once again, that DFF continues to receive a high number of applications of a very high quality, which— unfortunately—the Council is not able to support.
Flot evaluering af Det Frie Forskningsråd 
Impressive evaluation of the Danish Council for Independent Research
Den 23. oktober 2014 blev den uafhængige, internationale evaluering af DFF, der blev bestilt af uddannelses- og forsknings- ministeren i 2013, præsenteret på DFF’s årlige forskningskon- ference i Moltkes Palæ i København. 
On 23 October, 2014, the independent international evaluation of DFF, which had been commissioned by the Danish Minister for Higher Education and Science in 2013, was presented at DFF’s annual research conference at Moltke’s Palace in Copenhagen.
Konferencen, der havde deltagelse af forskningsrådsmedlemmer og øvrige interesserede fra den hjemlige forskningsverden – ca. 180 i alt – bød på taler af uddannelses- og forskningsminister Sofie Carsten Nielsen og Det Frie Forskningsråds formand Peter Munk Christiansen. 
The conference was attended by research council members and other interested parties from the Danish research community—approximately 180 people—and included speeches by Minister for Higher Education and Science Sofie Carsten Nielsen and Chair of the Danish Council for Independent Research Peter Munk Christiansen.
Han slog fast, at DFF spiller en vigtig rolle i det velfungerende danske forskningsfinansierende system, og at DFF således bidrager mærkbart til at sikre den høje videnskabelige kvalitet, som kendetegner dansk forskning. 
Dr Krull emphasised that DFF plays a key role in the well-functioning research funding system of Denmark, and that DFF makes a considerable contribution to ensuring the the high scientific standard of Danish research.
Desuden kom han med en række anbefalinger til, hvordan rådets indsats kan styrkes endnu mere inden for områder som bl.a. tværviden- skab og internationalisering. 
In addition to this, he made various recommendations for how the Council’s efforts may be further strengthened, e.g. in areas such as interdisciplinary research and internationalisation.
To paneler med deltagelse af bl.a. forskningsordfører Rosa Lund fra Enhedslisten, repræsentanter for Grundforskningsfonden, Innovationsfonden og Villumfonden samt Akademikerne, Dansk Erhverv og Dansk Industri diskuterede efterfølgende evalueringens konklusioner og dens videre anbefalinger til såvel DFF som dansk forskning generelt. 
Research Foundation, Danish National Innovation Foundation and the Villum Foundation as well as representatives of the Danish Confederation of Professional Associations (Akademik- erne), the Danish Chamber of Commerce and the Confederation of Danish Industry (DI)—discussed the conclusions of the evaluation as well as its recommendations for DFF and Danish research in general.
Analyse: DFF-finansieret forskning af høj kvalitet 
Analysis: High standard of DFF-financed research
I forbindelse med evalueringen af DFF blev der udarbejdet en bibliometrisk analyse af DFF’s bevillinger 2005-2008. 
In connection with the evaluation of DFF, a bibliometric analysis of DFF’s grants distributed between 2005–2008 was carried out.
Analysen blev præsenteret på konferencen i Moltkes Palæ ved seniorforsker Jesper Schneider fra Dansk Center for Forskningsanalyse, der står bag analysen. 
The results of this analysis were also presented at the conference at Moltke’s Palace, by Jesper Schneider, Senior Researcher at the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, which is responsible for the analysis.
Analysen viser, at forskere, der får bevillinger fra Det Frie Forskningsråd, er blandt de mest citerede i verden. 
The analysis demonstrates that researchers who receive grants from DFF are among the most widely cited researchers in the world.
Konkret viser den, at 19 procent af DFF-artiklerne er blandt de 10 procent mest citerede artikler i verden. 
More specifically, it shows that 19 percent of DFF-funded articles rank among the top 10 percent most cited articles in the world.
Desuden finder analysen, at artiklerne finansieret af DFF citeres 80 procent over gennemsnittet for alle videnskabelige artikler, der er sammenlignet med. DFF-bevillinger i perioden viser sig også at have givet anledning til 15,4 procent af alle offentlige patentansøgninger. 
In addition to this, it is found that articles financed by DFF have a citation frequency that is 80 percent above the average for all the scientific articles in the control group.
Desuden synes DFF-bevillinger at højne forskerens generelle performance. 
There is also evidence that DFF grants help to increase the researchers’ general performance.
Analysen peger således på, at modtagere af DFF-bevillinger, hvis performanceniveau er middel ved ansøgningstidspunktet, opnår en generel forbedring i performance efter bevillingens udløb sammenlignet med de afviste ansøgere på samme niveau. 
Thus, grant recipients whose level of performance has been average at the time of application have generally improved their performance at the end of their grant period, when compared with unsuccessful applicants with a similar performance level.
YDUN-bevilling til 17 kvindelige forskere 
YDUN grants awarded to 17 female researchers
Den 6. oktober 2014 uddelte DFF 110 mio. kr. til 17 af Danmarks mest lovende kvindelige forskere. 
On 6 October, 2014, DFF distributed DKK 110 million among 17 of Denmark’s most promising female researchers.
Midlerne blev udmøntet inden for rammerne af YDUN-programmet, der blev iværksat i 2013 med det formål at inspirere flere kvindelige forskere på lektor- niveau til at gå i gang med en forskningslederkarriere. 
The funds were distributed within the framework of the YDUN programme, which was launched in 2013 with the purpose of inspiring more female researchers at associate professor level to pursue a career as heads of research.
Selvom lige så mange kvinder som mænd i dag får en ph.d.-grad, er der nemlig langt færre kvinder end mænd i forskningslederstillinger i Danmark. 
Even though there is an equal number of men and women who obtain a PhD degree in Denmark, when we
12 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 
12 ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Sapere Aude 
Sapere Aude
Ansøgt og bevilget beløb, 2014 (mio. kr.) 
Amounts applied for and granted, 2014 (DKK million)
DFF-Forskertalent DFF-Forskningsleder DFF-Topforsker 
DFF-Research Talent DFF-Starting Grants DFF-Advanced Grants
Ansøgninger og bevillinger, 2014 (antal) 
Applications and grants, 2014 (number)
1.282 
1,282
Ansøgt beløb/ bevilget beløb 
Amounts applied for/ granted
Ansøgninger/ bevillinger 
Applications/grants
I 2014 uddelte 
3In 2014 DFF1granted DK3K
10% 
10%
16% 
16%
Sapere Aude-programmet 
Sapere Aude programme
Succesrater fordelt på mænd og kvinder, 2014 
Success rates distributed among men and women, 2014
Bevilget beløb/ ansøgt beløb 
Amounts granted/ applied for
Antal bevillinger/ ansøgninger 
Number of grants/ applications
YDUN-initiativet var resultat af den politiske aftale af 31. oktober 2013 om fordeling af forskningsreserven i 2014 til tværgående forskningsinitiativer. 
The YDUN initiative was a result of the political agreement from 31 October, 2013 on the allocation of the research reserve in 2014 for interdisciplinary research initiatives.
Både mænd og kvinder har kunnet søge et YDUN-forskningsprojekt, men gennem opnået dispensation fra lov om ligestilling af mænd og kvinder var kvindelige ansøgere prioriteret over mandlige i tilfælde af lige kvalifikationer mellem to ansøgere. 
Both men and women were eligible to apply for a YDUN research project, but due to an exemption under the Danish Act on Gender Equality, priority was given to female applicants when applicants of different genders had substantially equal qualifications.
Ved ansøgningsfristen i april/maj 2014 modtog Det Frie Forskningsråd samlet 548 ansøgninger, heraf 522 fra kvinder og 26 fra mænd. 
At the application deadline in April/May 2014, Danish Council for Independent Research had received a total of 548 applications, of which 522 were submitted by female and 26 by male applicants.
Succesraten har således været på 3 procent. 
Thus, the success rate among the applications was 3 percent.
Forud for rådets behandling har ansøgningerne været sendt i international ekstern bedømmelse. 
Prior to the Council’s processing, the applications were submitted for international external review.
YDUN-programmet blev kun udbudt én gang og det i 2014. 
The YDUN programme was only offered for 2014.
Ny internationaliseringspolitik skal øge forskermobiliteten Det Frie Forskningsråd lancerede i starten af 2014 en ny inter- nationaliseringspolitik, der har til formål at styrke internationaliseringen af dansk forskning. 
In the beginning of 2014 Danish Council for Independent Research launched a new internationalisation policy with the aim of strengthening the internationalisation of Danish research.
Baggrunden er, at rådet ønsker at skabe de bedste rammebetingelser for, at dansk forskning kan bevare og styrke sin høje internationale position. 
The Council wishes to create the best possible framework conditions to ensure that Danish research can maintain and improve its already impressive international position.
Danske forskere skal sikres de bedste muligheder for internationalt samarbejde, videnudveksling samt optimal karrierehåndtering. 
Danish researchers must be given the best opportunities for engaging in international collaborations, knowledge exchange and optimal conditions for developing their careers.
Konkret skal politikken bl.a. sikre, at internationalisering af videnskabelige metoder og teorier, publicering, samarbejder og videnudveksling fortsat er et væsentligt element i bedømmelsen af såvel projekter som ansøgere i DFF. 
Specifically, the policy aims to ensure that internationalisation of scientific methodologies and theories, the publication of results as well as collaborations and knowledge exchange continue to be significant components in the evaluation of both projects and applicants at DFF.
Politikken skal ligeledes sikre, at danske forskere bliver foretrukne og attraktive samarbejdspartnere i internationale forskningsprojekter, og at forskningsprojekter gennemføres i tæt samarbejde med internationale partnere til gavn for forskningen. 
Also, the policy will help to ensure that Danish researchers are perceived as attractive and preferred collaboration partners in international research projects, and that research projects are carried out in close collaboration with international partners, for the benefit of the research.
Med politikken vil rådet tilmed arbejde for, at forskere i Danmark tilskyndes til forskningsophold i udlandet, og at der efterfølgende sikres mulighed for at vende tilbage til en forskerkarriere i Danmark. 
With this policy it is the Council’s ambition that researchers in Denmark are encouraged to carry out research stays abroad and that, subsequently, there will be available opportunities for returning to a research career in Denmark.
Desuden skal politikken sikre fokus på, at udenlandske talenter bringes til Danmark. 
Finally, the policy aims to attract foreign research talents to Denmark.
Flere ansøgninger behandlet tværrådsligt 
More applications submitted for cross-council processing
Det Frie Forskningsråd oplevede i 2014 en betydelig stigning i antallet af ansøgninger med fagligt indhold, der går på tværs af de faglige råds faggrænser. 
In 2014 Danish Council for Independent Research saw a considerable increase in the number of applications whose area of research reach across the scientific delimitations of the respective research councils.
Således behandlede rådets Matrixudvalg (der er sammensat af de faglige råds formænd) 285 ansøgninger mod 171 året før. 
Thus, the Council’s Matrix Committee (comprising the chairmen of the five research councils) processed a total of 285 applications, compared with 171 applications in the previous year.
Heraf blev 108 ansøgninger mod 66 året før behandlet på tværs af to eller flere af de faglige råd. 
Of these, 108 applications were processed jointly by two or more research councils, compared with 66 applications the year before.
Succesraten for de tværrådslige ansøgninger var dog forholdsvis lav i 2014 sammenlignet med DFF’s samlede succesrate for sammenlignelige virkemidler. 
However, the success rate for cross-council applications was relatively low in 2014, when compared with the overall success rate for similar types of funding instruments.
DFF støtter gerne tværvidenskabelige forskningsprojekter, også når behandlingen skal foregå på tværs af de faglige råd. 
DFF is eager to support interdisciplinary research projects, also when it is necessary to process the applications across the individual research councils.
Ansøgninger til tværvidenskab – hvad enten de behandles i et enkelt råd eller i flere faglige råd - vægtes på lige fod med enkeltfaglige ansøgninger, og der gælder de samme kriterier om excellence og nyhedsværdi i vurderingen af ansøgningerne. 
Applications for interdisciplinary research—whether they have to be processed by one or more research councils—are assessed on an equal footing with single-discipline research applications, and the same assessment criteria of excellence and news value will be applied.
Det internationale ekspertpanel, der i 2014 evaluerede DFF, har anbefalet, at rådets håndtering af de tværvidenskabelige ansøgninger styrkes. 
The international panel of experts who evaluated DFF in 2014 have recommended that the Council’s processing of interdisciplinary applications be strengthened.
Rådet er derfor i gang med at gentænke processen for den tværrådslige ansøgningsbehandling. 
Consequently the Council is currently involved in reviewing its procedures for processing cross-council applications.
Rådet forventer at have en ny proces klar i efteråret 2015. 
The Council expects to implement its revised procedures in the Autumn 2015.
DFF på ESOF2014 
DFF at ESOF2014
Den 22.-26. juni 2014 blev European Science Open Forum – ESOF2014 – afholdt i Carlsbergbyen i København. 
Between 22 – 26 June, 2014, European Science Open Forum— ESOF2014—was held at the newly developed Carlsberg City District in Copenhagen.
ESOF er Europas største tværgående videnskabs- og videnskabspolitiske konference. 
ESOF is Europe’s largest interdisciplinary conference on science and science policy.
Den afholdes hvert andet år i skiftende europæiske storbyer og lanceres som den vigtigste europæiske konference for præsentation og diskussion af ny forskning, teknologi og innovation. 
It is held every two years, hosted by a leading European city, and is seen as the most important European forum for presenting and discussing the latest
14 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 
14 ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Hvordan opstod agerbrugs- samfund? 
How did agricultural societies arise?
I slutningen af den sidste istid grundlagde de såkaldte natufiske-jægersamlere verdens første bofaste samfund. 
By the end of the last glacial period, the so-called natufian hunter-gatherers established the world’s first settlement communities.
Bosætningen byggede på det væld af plante- og dyreliv, som voksede frem med gunstige klimatiske forhold. 
Their settlements were based on the wealth of vegetation and animal populations which emerged as a result of a favourable climate.