natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
En pludselig klimatisk ændring for 12.900 år siden, der betegnes Yngre Dryas, betød imidlertid tørrere og køligere forhold, der medførte et drastisk fald i de tilgængelige føderessourcer. 
However, sudden climatic changes 12,900 years ago—referred to as Younger Dryas—led to drier and cooler conditions, which in turn resulted in a dramatic scarcity of accessible food resources.
Dette tvang de natufiske bosættere til at opgive bofasthed og i stedet fokusere på at kultivere vilde plantesorter for at brødføde en voksende befolkning. 
This forced the natufian settlers to give up their settlements and instead focus on cultivating wild varieties of plants in order to feed a growing population.
Antagelsen om, at det var de klimatiske forhold, der foranledigede jæger-samlere til at kultivere plantesorter, er dog omdiskuteret. 
However, the hypothesis that it was the changing climatic conditions which caused the hunter-gatherer to start cultivating plants is subject to debate.
”Gennem feltarbejde og laboratorieanalyser vil vi opnå en bedre forståelse af de økonomiske, miljømæssige og social faktorer, som lå bag overgangen til agerbrugssamfund. 
“Field work and laboratory analyses will enable us to gain a better understanding of the economical, environmental and social factors behind the transition to agricultural societies.
Feltarbejde i det østlige Jordan har de senere år givet ny viden, som kaster lys over dette bemærkelsesværdige skifte i menneskets historie. 
Field work carried out in the eastern parts of Jordan in recent years has provided us with new knowledge that helps to shed light on this remarkable shift in the history of mankind.
Eksempelvis har udgravninger i Harra-ør- kenen i det nordøstlige Jordan ført til opdagelsen af natufiske og tidlige neolitiske bosættelser. 
For instance, excavations in the Harra desert in northeastern Jordan have led to the discovery of natufian and early neolithic settlements.
Her er der blandt andet fundet et velbevaret materiale af forkullede plantelevn samt rester af bygninger og tusindvis af genstande. 
Among other things, well-preserved material of carbonised plant remains as well as remains of buildings and thousands of objects have been found.
Bevilling: Sapere Aude: DFF-Forskningsleder på 7 mio. kr. 
Grant: Sapere Aude: DFF-Starting Grant of DKK 7 million
Projekttitel: The Late Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithic Occupation of the Black Desert (Jordan): Investigating the Origins of Food Production in the Marginal Zone 
Project title: The Late Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithic Occupation of the Black Desert (Jordan): Investigating the Origins of Food Production in the Marginal Zone
Ansøgninger og bevillinger opdelt på bevillingsformål, 2014 (antal) 
Applications received and grants awarded, divided by grant size, 2014 (number)
Større virkemidler Mellemstore virkemidler Mindre virkemidler 
Larger instruments Medium-sized instruments Smaller instruments
Ansøgt og bevilget beløb opdelt på bevillingsformål, 2014 (mio. kr.) 
Amounts applied for and granted, divided by grant size, 2014 (DKK million)
2.500 10.000 9.829 
2,500
Figurernes fordeling er baseret 
10,000 9,829
2.000 
2,000
1.500 
1,500
1.915 
1,915
1.577 
1,577
Ansøgninger/ bevillinger 
Applications/ grants
Ansøgt beløb/ bevilget beløb 
Amount applied for/ granted
Succesrater fordelt på køn, bevilget beløb/ansøgt beløb, 2014 
Success rates for applications and the amounts applied for by gender, 2014
Mænd Kvinder 
Men Women
Ph.d.- og postdocstipendier, indlejrede* og individuelle, 2014 (antal) 
Phd and postdoc grants, embedded* and individual, 2014 (number)
Indlejrede Individuelle 
Embedded Individual
25 400 
25 400
*Ph.d.- eller postdocstiipender finansieret som del af et samlet 
*PhD or postdoctoral grants which are financed as part of a larger research
forskningsprojekt. 
project.
Indlejrede ph.d.- og postdocstipen- dier kan være helt eller delvist finansieret af Det Frie Forskningsråd. 
Embedded postdoc grants can be partly of fully financed by DFF.
Ph.d.-stipendier 
PhD grants
Postdocstipendier 
Postdoc grants
Den store forskel i succesrater mellem mænd og kvinder i 2014 skyldes programmet YDUN, som tiltrak 522 kvindelige og 26 mandlige ansøgere og samtidig havde en meget lav succesrate på 3 %. 
The marked difference in the success rates for men and women in 2014 is contributed to the YDUN programme, which attracted 522 female and 26 male applicants and had a very low success rate of 3 percent.
Trækkes YDUN-ansøgningerne ud af 2014-statistikken, fås succesrater for antal på 16 % for mænd og 14 % for kvinder samt for beløb på 13 % for mænd og 11 % for kvinder. 
If the YDUN applications are deducted, the success rates for applications in 2014 are 16 percent for men and 14 percent for women, while the success rates for amounts applied for are 13 percent for men and 11 percent for women.
Dette svarer til mønstret for de seneste år. 
This corresponds to the overall pattern in recent years.
Samlet antal bevillinger og antal bevillinger til store og længerevarende projekter (over 3 mio. kr. 2006-2014) 
Total number of grants, and number of grants awarded to larger, long-term projects (over DKK 3 million, 2006-2014)
Samlet antal bevillinger Bevillinger til store og længerevarende projekter 
Total number of grants Grants for large and long-term projects
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
16 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 i menneskets immunforsvar. 
16 ANNUAL REPORT 2014 documents.
Ved arrangementerne, der blev afholdt i Em- drup og Aarhus og havde Niels Krause-Kjær som ordstyrer og interviewer, blev der fortalt, diskuteret, hørt musik, drukket vin og stillet spørgsmål fra et veloplagt publikum. 
On both occasions—one held in Emdrup and the other in Aarhus—TV journalist Niels Krause-Kjær served as interviewer and moderator in what turned out to be a lively debate with plenty of questions from an enthusiastic audience.
Blandt fore- dragsholderne var professor i biomedicin Søren Riis Paludan fra Aarhus Universitet, der præsenterede publikum for sin forskning 
Among the speakers were Professor of Biomedicine from Aarhus University Søren Riis Paludan, who gave a presentation on his research into the human immune system.
Forskningsfaglig rådgivning 
developments in research, technology and innovation.
Internationalt samarbejde på dagsordenen 
Research advisory services
Det Frie Forskningsråd er ikke blot en stor spiller på den danske scene, men deltager også i de drøftelser og det samarbejde, der foregår i internationale samarbejdsfora. 
DFF’s research advisory services to the Danish Parliament, the Minister for Higher Education and Science and many other national as well as international authorities have also been high on the Council’s agenda during 2014.
Da forskning i Danmark ikke er isoleret fra resten af verden, er internationalisering et helt centralt element i bestræbelserne på fortsat at tilhøre forskningens elite globalt set. 
DFF sees it as one of its key tasks to provide advisory services of a high academic and scientific quality, which the wide-ranging scientific expertise of DFF’s councils helps to ensure.
Med immunforsvaret på kræftmission 
With the immune system on a mission to fight cancer
Immunterapi har gennem de seneste år givet gennembrud i behandling af en række kræftsygdomme. 
Immunotherapy has in recent years led to breakthroughs in the treatment of various types of cancer.
Ved immunterapi stimuleres patientens eget immunforsvar til at genkende og dermed bekæmpe kræftceller. 
In immunotherapy the patient’s own immune system is stimulated to recognise and fight cancer cells.
Dette kan ske ved, at immunceller fra patienten stimuleres i laboratoriet til at genkende kræftceller, hvorefter de i store mængder indgives i patienten til bekæmpelse af de ødelæggende celler. 
In the laboratory, immune cells from the patient are being stimulated to recognise cancer cells, and subsequently they are injected into the patient in large quantities in order to fight the destructive cells.
Sine Reker Hadrup forsker med udgangspunkt i Merkel Celle Carcinom i, hvordan immun- terapeutisk behandling kan gøres endnu bedre. 
In her research, Sine Reker Hadrup is concerned with how treatment with immunotherapy may be improved even further, focusing on Merkel cell carcinoma.
Udfordringen ved immunterapi er især, at det er svært at finde de angrebspunkter i en kræftcel- le, som immunforsvaret effektivt kan genkende, uden samtidig at risikere at skade raskt væv. 
The main challenge of immunothe- rapy is that it is difficult to identify those points of attack in a cancer cell which can be easily recognised by the immune system, without simultaneously damaging healthy tissue.
”Merkel Celle Carcinom er en virusinduceret kræft- form. 
”Merkel Cell Carcinoma is a virus-induced form of cancer.
Det vil sige, at der findes komponenter fra virus i kræftcellerne, og at disse er nødvendige for kræft- cellernes vækst. 
This means that there are virus-components in the cancer cells, and that these components are necessary for the growth of the cancer cells.
Disse viruskomponenter er ideelle angrebspunkter for immunforsvarets dræberceller, men de er vanskelige at finde. 
The virus-components are ideal points of attack for the immune system’s natural killer cells, but they are difficult to find.
I vores projekt har vi imidlertid fundet ud af, hvordan immunforsvaret kan genkende dette kræftudviklende virus, hvilket forhåbentlig kan bringe os tættere på endnu bedre immun- terapeutisk behandling,” fortæller Sine Reker Hadrup. 
But in our project we have discovered how the immune system can recognise this cancer-developing virus, which may hopefully bring us closer to developing an improved immunothe- rapy for cancer,” Sine Reker Hadrup explains.
Konkret er det T-celler, der skal sættes ind i kampen mod kræftcellerne i form af såkaldt adoptiv T-celle terapi, siger Sine Reker Hadrup: 
More specifically, it is the T cells which need to be mobilised in the fight against cancer cells, in the form of a so-called adoptive T cell therapy, Sine Reker Hadrup notes:
”Vi ønsker at udvikle metoder til at give patienter et effektivt immunforsvar bestående af dræber T-celler specifikt rettet imod dette virus. 
”Our ambition is to develop methods for giving patients an effective immune system consisting of killer T cells which are directly targeted at this virus.
Udfordringen består i at udvikle effektive strategier til at isolere kræft-specifikke T-celler fra patienter og stimulere disse i laboratoriet til at blive potente dræber T-celler, som kan gives tilbage til patienten igen. 
The challenge consists of developing effective strategies for isolating cancer-specific T cells from patients and stimulating these cells in the laboratory to becoming potential killer T cells, which may then be injected back into the patient.
Desuden vil vi i patienter, som ikke selv har kræftspecifikke T-celler, overføre en receptor til patientens andre T-celler, således at disse bliver i stand til at genkende og dræbe kræftceller. 
In addition to this, in patients who do not have cancer-specific T cells we want to transfer a receptor to the patient’s other T cells, so that these cells will become able to recognise and kill cancer cells.
Først vil vi teste behandlingsstra- tegierne i dyremodeller og efterfølgende etablere egentlige behandlingsprotokoller for kræftpatienter.” 
At first we will test the treatment strategies in animal models, and subsequently establish treatment protocols for cancer patients.”
Sine Reker Hadrup Født 1975, lektor, ph.d., Veterinærinstituttet på Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, 
Sine Reker Hadrup Born 1975, Associate Professor, PhD, National Veterinary Institute, the Technical University of Denmark,
Projekttitel: Immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma 
Project title: Immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
18 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 
18 ANNUAL REPORT 2014
I løbet af 2014 har DFF gennemført 500 rådgivningssager 
During 2014 DFF has carried out a total of 500 advisory tasks
Rådets nye internationaliserings- politik forankrer rådets virke i en international kontekst. 
International collaboration on the agenda
DFF har i løbet af det forgangne år bidraget økonomisk til flere vigtige aktiviteter. 
This means that, each year, the
Eksempelvis kan nævnes Det Frie Forskningsråd | Sundhed og Sygdom, der med 10 mio. kr. over fem år bidrager til ”Nordisk program for helse og velfærd” sammen med de øvrige nordiske lande og Nordforsk. 
For instance, DFF | Medical Sciences has committed to a contribution of DKK 10 million over a five-year period to the Nordic Programme on Health and Welfare, along with the other Nordic countries and Nordforsk.
Programmet har som mål at forbedre sundhedstilstanden i de nordiske lande. 
The aim of this programme is to improve public health in the Nordic countries.
Det Frie Forskningsråd | Samfund og Erhverv har med deltagelse i ERA-nettet NORFACE udmøntet programmet ”Welfare State Futures”. 
With its participation in the ERA-net NORFACE, DFF | Social Sciences has launched the programme “Welfare State Futures”.
Her har 14 europæiske forskergrupper fået finansieret projekter inden for globalisering, familier, migration og borgeres støtte til velfærdsstaten. 
Through this programme, 14 European research teams have received financing for projects dealing with globalisation, families, migration and citizens’ support for the welfare state.
Desuden har Det Frie Forskningsråd 
In addition to this, DFF
| Samfund og Erhverv og Det Frie Forskningsråd | Kultur og Kommunikation via deres deltagelse i NOS-HS udmøntet programmet ”Serier af eksplorative workshops”, hvor forskere får mulighed for at udforske nye innovative forskningsområder og udvikle netværk. 
| Social Sciences and DFF | Humanities have through their participation in NOS-HS launched the programme “Series of exploratory workshops”, where researchers are given the opportunity to explore new innovative fields of research and develop their networks.
Self-Evaluation Report 2014 
Self-Evaluation Report 2014
126 sider. 
126 pages.
Marts 2014 
March 2014
Det Frie Forskningsråds årsrapport 
Danish Council for Independent Research – Annual Report 2013
Beretning, nøgletal og udvalgte forskerportrætter 26 sider. 
Annual report, key figures and researcher profiles 26 pages.
Marts 2014. 
March 2014.
Når forundring skaber forandring 
Når forundring skaber forandring (When curiosity brings change)
Det Frie Forskningsråds profilbrochure 2014. 16 sider. 
Profile leaflet of Danish Council for Independent Research, 2014. 16 pages.
Juni 2014. 
June 2014.
Opslag E2014 og F2015 
CALL for PROPOSALS - Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015
Det Frie Forskningsråds opslag for 2014/2015. 57 sider. 
Danish Council for Independent Research’s joint call for proposals, 2014/2015. 57 pages.
Juli 2014 
July 2014.
Evaluation of the Danish Council for Independent Research. 
Evaluation of the Danish Council for Independent Research.
Report of the Evaluation Panel 
Report of the Evaluation Panel
62 sider, Oktober 2014 
62 pages, October 2014
Analyses of the scholarly and scientific output from grants funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research from 2005 to 2008 
Analyses of the scholarly and scientific output from grants funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research from 2005 to 2008
171 sider. 
171 pages.
Oktober 2014 
October 2014
16 sider. 
16 pages.
2014 i noter 
2014 in brief
Januar 
January
24 nye medlemmer indtræder i DFF’s faglige råd 
24 new members appointed to DFF’s scientific research councils
DFF | Kultur og Kommunikation og DFF | Natur og Univers får nye formænd 
DFF | Humanities and DFF | Natural Sciences
Velkomstmøde for nye DFF- 
Welcome meeting held in Copenhagen for DFF’s new council members
Februar 
February
Marts 
March
DFF og Videnskabernes Selskab afholder foredragsaften med EliteForsk-prismodtagere 
DFF and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters host evening of mini-lectures by recipients of the EliteForsk prize
3-4 
3­4
DFF afholder informationsmøder om Opslag E2014 og F2015 +YDUN i København, Aarhus, Aalborg og Odense 
DFF hosts information meetings about Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015 Call for Proposals, including the YDUN programme, in Copenhagen, Aarhus, Aalborg and Odense
April 
April
DFF | Kultur og Kommunikation afholder temakonference ”Digital Humanities” 
DFF | Humanities hosts theme conference entitled ”Digital Humanities”
DFF udsender nyhedsbrev april 2014 rådsmedlemmer i København 
DFF issues its newsletter for April 2014
Modtagere af DFF’s Sapere Aude- bevillinger hædres på EliteForsk- konferencen 
Aude grants are honoured at the EliteForsk conference
20 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 
20 ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Maj 
May
5-6 
5­6
DFF afholder interview med ansøgere af Sapere Aude: DFF-Topforsker og DFF-Forskningsleder 
DFF conducts interviews with applicants of Sapere Aude: DFF-Advanced Grants and DFF-Starting Grants
DFF uddeler 600 millioner kroner til forskningsprojekter 
DFF participates in Science Europe General Assembly, Kraków for research projects
27 forskere modtager Sapere Aude: DFF-Topforsker og Sapere Aude: DFF- Forskningsleder 
27 researchers are awarded Sapere Aude: DFF-Advanced Grants and Sapere Aude: DFF-Starting Grants
Juli 
July
August 
August
DFF holder møde med Akademikerne, Dansk Erhverv, Dansk Industri, FTF og LO i København 
- the Confederation of Professionals in Denmark and LO -The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions, in Copenhagen
DFF offentliggør profilbrochure: Når forundring skaber forandring 
DFF publishes its profile leaflet: Når forundring skaber forandring (When curiosity brings change)
21-26 
21­26
DFF er repræsenteret med en stand på ESOF-konferencen i København 
DFF is represented at the ESOF conference in Copenhagen with an exhibition stand
DFF udsender nyhedsbrev juni 2014 
DFF issues its newsletter for June 2014
Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 
1­4
DFF offentliggør Opslag E2014 og F2015 
DFF publishes Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015 Call for Proposals
9-10 
9­10
DFF |Samfund og Erhverv deltager i NORFACE-møde i Reykjavik 
DFF | Social Sciences participates in NORFACE meeting in Reykjiavik
27-28 
27­28
DFF | Kultur og Kommunikation afholder informationsmøder om humaniora i Opslag i E2014 og F2015 i København, Roskilde og Odense 
In connection with the Council’s Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015 Call for Proposals, DFF | Humanities holds information meetings for applicants within the humanities in Copenhagen, Roskilde, Odense, Aalborg and Aarhus
Oktober 
October
DFF | Sundhed og Sygdom afholder informationsmøde om sundhedsvidenskab i Opslag E2014 og F2015 i Aalborg 
In connection with the Council’s Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015 Call for Proposals, DFF | Medical Sciences holds information meeting in Aalborg for applicants within the medical sciences
DFF uddeler 9 ph.d.-stipendier til gennemførelse uden for universiteterne 
DFF awards 9 PhD grants for Research Educations outside the Universities
7-9 November 
November
DFF | Sundhed og Sygdom 
Call for Proposals, DFF | Medical
afholder informationsmøde om sundhedsvidenskab i Opslag E2014 og F2015 i København og Odense 
Sciences holds information meetings in Copenhagen and Odense for applicants within the medical sciences
DFF | Teknologi og Produktion afholder informationsmøde om Opslag E2014 og F2015 i København 
Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015 Call
6-7 
6­7
DFF | Sundhed og Sygdom deltager i møde i NOS-M i Stockholm 
DFF | Medical Sciences participates in NOS-M meeting in Stockholm holds information meetings for sciences
DFF | Kultur og Kommunikation afholder informationsmøder om humaniora i Opslag E2014 og F2015 i Aalborg og Aarhus 
applicants within the humanities in Aalborg and Aarhus
2-4 
2­4
DFF’s sekretariat afholder fem landsdækkende informationsmøder om Opslag E2014 og F2015 
DFF’s secretariat holds five information meetings across Denmark about the Autumn 2014 and Spring 2015 Call for Proposals
DFF uddeler 70 DFF-Individuelle postdocstipendier 
DFF awards 70 DFF-Individual postdoc grants
DFF uddeler 27 DFF-MOBILEX Mobilitetsstipendier 
DFF awards 27 DFF-MOBILEX mobility grants
28-29 
10­11
DFF | Samfund og Erhverv og DFF | Kultur og Kommunikation deltager i NOS-HS-møde i Oslo 
DFF participates in research meeting hosted by the Danish Minister for Higher Education and Science at Hotel Koldingfjord
DFF afholder sammen med Folke- universitetet i Aarhus foredragsaften ”Vov at vide - frontforskning fra Det Frie Forskningsråd” i Emdrup aften ”Vov at vide - frontforskning fra Det Frie Forskningsråd” i Aarhus 
Together with the Danish University Extension in Aarhus, DFF hosts evening of mini­lectures in Aarhus: ”Vov at vide ­ frontforskning fra
DFF udsender nyhedsbrev november 2014 
DFF issues its newsletter for November
DFF mødes med uddannelses- og forskningsminister Sofie Carsten Nielsen i København 
DFF meets with the Danish Minister for Higher Education and Science, Sofie Carsten Nielsen, in Copenhagen
Indlæg “Det Frie Forskningsråd er uafhængigt” i Altinget 
Opinion piece published in Altinget: “Det Frie Forskningsråd er uafhængigt” (Danish Council for Independent research is independent)
December 
December
40 yngre forskere modtager Sapere Aude: DFF-Forskertalent 
40 young researchers are awarded Sapere Aude: DFF-Research Talent grants
22 ÅRSRAPPORT 2014 
22 ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Fra algebraisk geometri til matematiske værktøjer 
From algebraic geometry to mathema­ tical tools
Den hurtige udvikling af eksperimentelle teknikker inden for molekylærbiologien har betydet, at enorme datamængder producers dagligt i laboratorier over hele verden. 
The rapid development of experimental techniques within molecular biology has meant that enormous amounts of data are produced on a daily basis in laboratories all over the world.
Disse data skal organiseres, klassificeres og analyseres for at give viden om de biologiske processer, der har genereret dem. 
These data need to be organised, classified and analysed in order to gain knowledge about the biological processes which have generated them.
Kompleksiteten af data gør det ikke muligt at bruge intuitivt baserede argumenter. 
The complexity of the data makes it impossible to apply intuitively based arguments.
Som en konsekvens heraf benyttes matematiske modeller i stigende grad til at understøtte eksperimentelle opdagelser og til at overvinde begrænsninger ved de nuværende eksperimentelle teknikker. 
As a consequence of this, mathematical models are being used more and more often to support experimental discoveries and to overcome the limitations of our present experimental techniques.
”Matematiske modeller i molekylærbiologi indeholder ofte mange variabler og parametre. 
”Mathematical models in molecular biology often contain many variables and parameters.
Derfor har vi også brug for avancerede matematiske værktøjer til at forstå modellerne og til at lære om deres egenskaber. 
That is why we also need advanced mathematical tools for understanding the models and to able to learn about their properties.
Vores projekt sætter som hovedmål at udvikle ny matematisk teori indenfor algebraisk geometri til bedre at forstå modellers egenskaber. 
The main aim of our project is to develop new mathematical theory within algebraic geometry, to better understand the properties of models.
Ideen bag projektet er, at de, som ikke er matematikuddannede, skal kunne bruge vores resultater. 
The idea behind the project is that researchers who are not trained mathematicians should be able to use our results.
Derfor vil vi hovedsageligt fokusere på at udvikle matematiske værktøjer, som kan implementeres som software”, fortæller Elisenda Feliu. 
Consequently, we will mainly focus on developing mathematical tools which can be implemented as software,” Elisenda Feliu explains.
Elisenda Feliu 
Elisenda Feliu
Født 1978, adjunkt, ph.d., Institut for Matematiske Fag på Københavns Universitet 
Born 1978, Associate Professor, PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, the University of Copenhagen
Projekttitel: Algebraic methods for qualitative profiling of reaction networks 
Project title: Algebraic methods for qualitative profiling of reaction networks