natgillin/translations-raw huggingface dataset:
I 2020 skal der være dansk deltagelse i og adgang til europæiske forskningsinfrastrukturer af relevans, potentiale og interesse for danske forsknings- og innovationsmiljøer, og der skal ske en stigning i den danske deltagelse i projekter under programmet for forskningsinfrastruktur under Horizon 2020 i forhold til det nuværende niveau for deltagelse. 
In 2020 Denmark must participate in and have access to European research infrastructures that hold potential for and are relevant and of interest to Danish research and innovation communities, and there must be an increase – compared to the current level - in the level of Danish participation in projects that come under the Horizon 2020 programme for research infrastructures.
I 2020 skal Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet være katalysator for investeringen i nye danske forskningsinfrastrukturer inden for alle hovedområder, som fremgår af Dansk Roadmap for Forskningsinfrastruktur, og overensstemmelsen med projekter på ESFRI’s roadmap skal indgå som et evalueringskriterium for finansiering af ny forskningsinfrastruktur. 
In 2020, the Ministry of Higher Education and Science must act as a catalyst for investments in new Danish research infrastructures within all the main areas c.f. the Danish Roadmap for Research Infrastructures, and compatibility with projects in ESFRI Roadmap (European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures) will be a main evaluation criterion for the funding of new research infrastructures.
Der vil i de kommende år blive investeret i minimum 15 af roadmappens forslag til nye forskningsinfrastrukturer og forslag til flere projekter med ESFRI-relevans dog med forbehold for udfaldet af fremtidige finanslovsforhandlinger. 
In the coming years, investments will be made in no less than 15 of the roadmap’s proposals for new research infrastructures and proposals for more ESFRI-relevant projects, pending the results of future national budget negotiations.
Samlet set vil der blive lagt vægt på, at udmøntningen på sigt går på tværs af alle videnskabelige hovedområder. 
Overall, emphasis will be on ensuring that all main fields of science in the long term receive funding.
Dette vil ske løbende over en årrække via udmøntning af Puljen til Forskningsinfrastruktur og/eller private midler og ved at lade roadmappens katalog af forslag tjene som inspiration for forskningsfinansierende fonde og andre aktører. 
This will take place over a period of years through implementation of the Scheme for Research Infrastructures and/or private funds, and
Danmark vil sigte mod at underskrive tre nye aftaler om dansk deltagelse i nye europæiske forskningsinfrastrukturer (ERIC’s) inden for de næste fem år, hvorved dansk forskning og forskningsinfrastruktur sikres adgang til nye data, og samspillet med den øvrige europæiske forskning forstærkes. 
The aim is to sign three new agreements for Danish participation in new European research infrastructures (ERICs) within the next five years, giving Danish research and research infrastructures access to new data and strengthening Danish participation in European research communities.
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet vil inden for de næste fem år styrke rådgivning og vejledning til danske forskningsmiljøer om mulighederne inden for forskningsinfrastrukturområdet på både nationalt og europæisk niveau. 
Within the next five years, the Ministry of Higher Education and Science will strengthen counselling and guidance services for Danish research communities on the opportunities provided by research infrastructures at national as well as European levels.
Ved nye nationale investeringer i forskningsinfrastrukturer vil det være et krav, at der skal være formuleret eksplicitte adgangspolitikker samt være udviklet en skræddersyet politik for samarbejde med erhvervslivet. 
New national investments in research infrastructures will require that explicit admission policies are drawn up and that a tailor-made policy for cooperation with the private sector is produced.
Der vil blive igangsat en dialog med de danske GTS-institutter om deres rolle i forskningsinfrastrukturer, og der vil i efteråret 2016 blive afholdt en national konference om forskningsinfrastrukturers bidrag til innovation og vækst. 
A dialogue will be initiated with the Advanced Technology Group (RTOs), focusing on their role in research infrastructures, and in the fall of 2016, a national conference will be held on research infrastructures’ contribution to innovation and growth.
Et frit og åbent arbejdsmarked for forskere‌ 
An open labour market for researchers
Topprioritet: Åben, transparent og meritbaseret rekruttering af videnskabeligt personale. 
Top action priority: Using open, transparent and merit based recruitment practices with regard to research positions.
Etableringen af et fælles, åbent europæisk arbejdsmarked for forskere var et kerneelement, da ERA blev lanceret med Lissabonstrategien. 
The creation of a joint, open, European labour market for researchers was a key element in the ERA, when it was introduced alongside the Lisbon Strategy.
Tværnationalt forskningssamarbejde i EU er i dag på et helt andet niveau, end det var for 15 år siden, og mobilitet er i høj grad en naturlig del af en forskerkarriere. 
The current level of transnational research cooperation within the EU is very different from the level 15 years ago, and mobility has to a large extent become a natural part of a research career.
Mobiliteten kan dog øges endnu mere – både på tværs af grænser og mellem sektorer. 
However, mobility can be further increased – both across national borders and between sectors.
Øget forskermobilitet på tværs af landegrænser medfører øget samarbejde og konkurrence mellem forskningsinstitutioner. 
Increased researcher mobility across national borders leads to increased cooperation and competition between research institutions.
Dette bidrager til at øge den kritiske masse og dermed grundlaget for forskningsexcellencen og til at skabe rammerne for, at den bedste kandidat rekrutteres til en given forskerstilling. 
This contributes to increasing the critical mass and thus the basis for research excellence and for creating a framework for recruitment of the best candidate for a given research position.
Ligeledes medvirker åben og meritbaseret rekruttering til at skabe tydeligere karriereveje, gøre forskerkarrieren attraktiv og dermed fastholde de dygtigste forskere. 
Open and merit-based recruitment also contributes to creating clearer carrier paths, making a research career an attractive choice and thus retaining the best researchers.
Mobilitet på tværs af sektorer kan ligeledes bidrage til også til at øge forskningsexcellencen. 
Mobility across sectors may also contribute to increasing research excellence.
I Europa er forholdsvis få forskere beskæftiget i erhvervslivet samtidig med, at der uddannes et stigende antal ph.d.’er. 
In Europe, relatively few researchers are employed in the private sector, while the number of newly qualified PhDs continues to rise.
Selvom danske ph.d.’er sammenlignet med ph.d.’er fra øvrige lande er gode til at få ansættelse i erhvervslivet, er der forsat muligheder for at styrke samspillet og videndeling mellem forskningsinstitutioner og omverdenen, herunder erhvervslivet. 
Although Danish PhDs, compared to PhDs from other countries, are generally successful in finding employment in the private sectorit is still possible to increase cooperation and knowledge sharing between research institutions and the wider society, including the private sector.
Ph.d.- optaget er fra 2003 til 2010 fordoblet til ca. 2.400 personer årligt, og dette niveau er siden fastholdt. 
From 2003 to 2010, the PhD intake doubled to approx. 2,400 new PhD students a year and this level has been retained.
Der har i de efterfølgende år været debat om effekten af det øgede ph.d.-optag, og om optagets størrelse fortsat er passende. 
In the following years, the effect of the increased PhD intake has been subject to debate, including whether this high level should be maintained.
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet vil i 2016 udføre en analyse, der skal tilvejebringe et solidt og samlet, aktuelt analytisk grundlag mhp. at vurdere den hidtidige indsats og eventuelle behovsjusteringer. 
In 2016, the Ministry of Higher Education and Science will undertake an analysis to create a solid and complete up-to-date analytical basis for assessing past efforts and any needs for adjustment.
En af de identificerede barrierer for etableringen af et fælles, åbent europæisk arbejdsmarked for forskere er, at rekrutteringen på EU-niveau ikke er tilstrækkeligt åben, transparent og meritbaseret. 
One of the identified barriers to the creation of a joint, open, European labour market for researchers is that recruitment at European level is not sufficiently open, transparent and merit- based.
Undersøgelser peger på, at forskerstillinger i Europa ofte opslås med nationale eller insti- tutionsinterne kandidater i tankerne. 
Studiessuggest that European research positions are often targeted at national or internal candidates.
Udfordring ved at benytte åben, transparent og meritbaseret rekruttering har medlemsstaterne i fællesskab valgt som topprioritet i forbindelse med den europæiske ERA-køreplan, idet medlemsstaterne dog erkender i den europæiske ERA køreplan, 
Member States have agreed on the challenge of using open, transparent and merit-based recruitment as their top action priority in connection with the European ERA
OECD 2014, Careers of Doctorate Holders 2014 
14 OECD 2014, Careers of Doctorate Holders 2014
Kommissionen 2013, MORE2 Study on Mobility Patterns and Career Paths of Researchers 
15 The European Commission 2013, MORE2 Study on Mobility Patterns and Career Paths of Researchers
at der også findes andre udfordringer, herunder forskellige løn- og ansættelsesvilkår samt mulighederne for at flytte pensionsopsparinger på tværs af Europa. 
roadmap, although the Member States do acknowledge that other challenges exist, such as different conditions for remuneration and employment and the opportunity to move retirement savings across Europe.
I Danmark har de seneste års reformer af universitetssystemet blandt andet ført til, at universiteterne har stor autonomi i forhold til rekruttering af forskere og øvrige medarbejdere inden for rammerne af de nationale regler og love på området. 
In Denmark, the past years’ reforms of the higher education system have, among other things, given the universities a high degree of autonomy as regards the recruitment of researchers and other staff within the framework of national rules and legislation in the area.
Ansættelsesforhold i Danmark er i fuld overensstemmelse med de anbefalinger, der er beskrevet i ’the European Charter for Resear- chers’ og ‘the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers’. 
Conditions of employment in Denmark are perfectly aligned with the recommendations provided in the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers.
For yderligere at skabe et attraktivt arbejdsmarked for udenlandske forskere i Danmark findes blandt andet en forskers- katteordning, der giver mulighed for, at udenlandske forskere i en periode på op til fem år får en skatterabat. 
To further create an attractive labour market for foreign researchers in Denmark a special tax system for researchers has been established under which foreign researchers in Denmark can get a tax reduction for a period of up to five years.
Ligeledes er det muligt at undtage udenlandske forskere, der er tidsbegrænset ansat for en periode på op til 5 år, fra indbetaling til pension og i stedet udbetale pensionen som løn. 
It is also possible for foreign researchers in a temporary position of up to five yearsto receive with their wages the part of their wages that is otherwise allocated to compulsory pension savings.
De danske universiteter har generelt fokus på at uddanne, fastholde og tiltrække de bedste forskere, og forskerrekrutteringer baseres som udgangspunkt på åbne, transparente og meritbaserede processer. 
The Danish universities typically focus on educating, retaining and attracting the best researchers, and recruitment of researchers is generally based on open, transparent and merit-based processes.
Eksempelvis er national og international rekruttering af egnede ph.d.-kandidater en væsentlig del af kvalitetssikringen af ph.d.-uddannelsen. 
One example is that national and international recruitment of qualified PhD scholars is a main part of the effort to ensure quality of the PhD programmes.
Undersøgelser af hvor professorer, lektorer og adjunkter har været ansat forud for deres nuværende stilling tyder dog på, at der på disse stillingsniveauer i høj grad rekrutteres fra egne institutioner, og at der derfor er et potentiale for at øge mobiliteten. 
However, studies of the previous employment of newly appointed professors, associate professors and assisting professors indicate that candidates for positions at this level to a large extent are recruited from within the organisation, which means a potential for increasing mobility remains.
Ordningen er blevet udvidet med en erhvervspost.doc.-ordning i 2011. 
In 2011, the programme was extended with an industrial postdoc programme.
Danske Universiteter støtter ‘the European Charter for Researchers’ og ‘the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers’. 
Danish universities support the European Charter for Researchers and the Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers.
To universiteter (KU og CBS) har opnået certificering af Kommissionen for ’HR excellence in research’, og alle universiteter arbejder aktivt med HR strategier, herunder processer for rekruttering. 
Two universities (UCPH and CBS) have been certified by the European Commission for HR excellence in research, and all the universities are focusing actively on their HR strategies, including recruitment processes.
Danske universiteter er forpligtet til at opslå ledige stillinger offentligt, og stillinger på lektor- og professorniveau skal opslås internationalt. 
Danish universities are under obligation to publicly advertise vacant positions and to advertise positions at associate professor and professor levels internationally.
Ledige stillinger bliver i mindre omfang slået op i den europæiske jobportal Euraxess, hvor der i 2013 blev opslået 13,0 opslag per 1000 offentlig forsker. 
Vacant positions are to a lesser extent advertised through the European job portal Euraxess, where only 13.0 positions per 1,000 public researchers were advertised in 2013.
Der er etableret en dansk Eu- raxess styregruppe, hvor blandt andet alle universiteter er repræsenteret, og her vil det være muligt at drøfte, hvilke barrierer danske institutioner oplever i forbindelse med brug af Eu- raxess-portalen. 
A Danish Euraxess steering committee has been established, where all the universities, among others, are represented, and where it is possible to discuss the barriers facing Danish
Dog op til 6, når det sker når det aftales mellem ansættelsesmyndigheden og den forhandlingsberettigede organisation. 
16 Though up to six years, when agreed between the employment authority and the organisation authorised to negotiate.
Undersøgelsen MORE2 Survey fra 2012 viste, at 65 pct. af de adspurgte danske forsker oplevede, at ledige stillinger på deres forskningsinstitutioner opslås i tilstrækkelig grad – hvilket placerer Danmark som et af de lande, der klarer sig bedst i Europa. 
The MORE2 Survey from 2012 showed that 65 per cent of the Danish researchers questioned found that vacant positions at their research institution were sufficiently advertised – which places Denmark among the most successful in Europe.
Undersøgelsen viser samtidig, at universiteterne generelt finder, at stort set alle stillinger opslås. 
The survey also showed that - according to the universities - essentially all positions are advertised.
Danske tal (2013) viser imidlertid, at af de 1.903 stillinger på professor-, lektor- og adjunktniveau, der blev besat i 2013, blev 24 pct. besat uden eksternt opslag. 
However, Danish figures (2013) showed that 24 per cent of the 1,903 positions at professor, associate professor and assistant professor levels filled in 2013 had not been externally advertised.
Den relativt høje andel af ansættelser uden opslag kan blandt andet forklares på baggrund af de muligheder, der gives i ansættelsesbekendtgørelsen for undtagelse fra reglerne om opslag, f.eks. ved korte tidsbegrænsede stillinger. 
The relatively high share of positions filled without external advertisement can, among other things, be explained by the opportunities given under Danish employment law for exemption from the rules on advertisement, e.g. in connection with short-term temporary positions.
Blandt ansættelserne på professorniveau var andelen 74 pct., på lektorniveau 76 pct. og på adjunktniveau 56 pct.-, mens 21 pct. kom fra stillinger i udlandet. 
This applied to 74 per cent of the positions at professor level, 76 per cent of the positions at associate professor level and 56 per cent of the positions at assistant professor level, while 21 per cent came from positions abroad.
Andelen af universitetsforskere, der rekrutteres fra virksomheder, har ligget stabilt på 4-5 pct. siden 2001. 
The share of university researchers recruited from the private sector has been stable at four to five per cent since 2001.
Endvidere tyder noget på, at selv om de formelle rammer for åbent, transparent og meritbaseret rekruttering er velintegrerede på de danske universiteter, bliver en vis andel af de ledige stillinger opfattet som værende ’besat på forhånd’. 
Furthermore, it appears that even though the formal framework for open, transparent and merit-based recruitment is well-integrated at Danish universities, a certain number of the vacant positions are considered ‘filled in advance’.
I 2011-2013 tiltrak 16 pct. af de stillinger, der blev besat efter opslag, kun en enkelt ansøger. 
In 2011-2012, 16 per cent of the advertised positions only attracted one applicant.
Dette er dog et mærkbart, positivt fald i forhold til perioden 2007-2009, hvor 27 pct. af opslåede stillinger kun tiltrak en enkelt ansøger. 
This represents, however, an improvement compared to the years 2007-2009, where 27 per cent of the advertised positions only attracted one applicant.
Universiteterne har fokus på at tiltrække de bedste internationale kandidater til ph.d.-stillinger og øge andelen af unge forskere, der som en del af deres forskeruddannelse tilbringer tid på udenlandske forskningsinstitutioner. 
The universities focus on attracting the best international candidates for PhD positions and on increasing their share of young researchers who - as part of their research training - spend time at foreign research institutions.
Det er en del af den danske ph.d.-bekendtgørelse, at den ph.d.-studerende skal indgå i aktive forskningsmiljøer, og det følger af vejledningen til bekendtgørelsen, at dette ofte bedst vil kunne tilgodeses ved ophold af en vis varighed, f.eks. 3-6 måneder, ved en anden forskningsinstitution, primært i udlandet. 
According to the Danish PhD Order, PhD students must participate actively in research communities, and according to the guidelines this is best done through stays of some duration, e.g. three to six months, in other research institutions, mainly abroad.
Internationale ph.d.-studerende udgjorde i 2012-2013 ca. 33 pct. ad optaget på den danske ph.d.-uddannelse. 
In 2012-2013, approx. 33 per cent of the PhD students enrolled in Danish PhD programmes were international PhD students.
Fordelingen af udenlandske ph.d.-studerende varierer mellem fagområder og er f.eks. størst på de naturvidenskabelige og tekniske områder. 
The distribution of international PhD students across the subject areas is not uniform and is concentrated in the scientific and technical disciplines.
Nogle danske universiteter har taget initiativer til at øge andelen af internationale ph.d.-studerende på de områder, hvor repræsentationen af internationale ph.d.-studerende er mindst. 
Some Danish universities have made an effort to increase their share of international PhD students in the areas with the smallest representation of international PhD students.
Der er en vis sammenhæng mellem international mobilitet for studerende og for forskere, og danske universiteter har generelt fokus på, at kandidatstuderende som en del af deres uddannelse tager enten et undervisningsforløb eller et praktikophold i udlandet. 
There is some correlation between international student mobility and international researcher mobility, and Danish universities generally focus on promoting temporary studies or work placement abroad among their master students as part of their degree programme.
Ledige stillinger skal besættes ud fra en reel konkurrence mellem ansøgere og opslås i relevante fora, herunder også i Euraxess, hvor sigtemålet bør være at nå det europæiske gennemsnit for antallet af opslag. 
Vacant positions must be filled through fair competition between applicants and advertised in relevant fora, including Euraxess, to reach the European average number of advertisements.
Studerende og unge danske forskere skal som en naturlig del af deres uddannelse og forsknings- ansættelser være internationalt mobile, og ligeledes skal danske universiteter være et attraktivt 
Students and young Danish researchers must, as a natural part of their studies or research employment, be internationally mobile, just as Danish universities must represent an attractive choice to foreign students and young researchers in line with the universities’ own concrete goals.
Der skal i 2020 være en optimal videncirkulation mellem forskningsinstitutioner og erhvervsliv, der blandt andet bygger på velfungerende forskermobilitet mellem sektorerne. 
By 2020, the knowledge circulation between research institutions and the private sector must be optimised, which hinges, among other things, on well-functioning inter-sectorial researcher mobility.
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet vil i 2016 i samarbejde med tænketanken DEA udarbejde en analyse af betydningen af internationaliseringen for kvaliteten af forskningen i de danske forskningsmiljøer. 
In 2016, the Ministry of Higher Education and Science in cooperation with the think tank DEA will undertake an analysis of the impact of internationalisation on the quality of the research conducted in Danish research communities.
Der vil blive fokuseret på international mobilitet og international rekruttering. 
Focus will be on international mobility and international recruitment.
Der vil blive fulgt op på analysen med konferencer og debatmøder. 
The analysis will be followed up with conferences and debates.
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet vil i 2016 lave en målrettet kommunikationsindsats og en styrket rådgivning omkring Marie Sklodowska-Curie mulighederne både for forskere og virksomheder f.eks. gennem målrettede arrangementer for små og mellemstore virksomheder med henblik på at øge deres deltagelse i programmet. 
In 2016, the Ministry of Higher Education and Science will undertake a targeted communication effort and improve the opportunities for guidance on Marie Sklodowska-Curie for researchers as well as enterprises, e.g. through targeted events for small and medium-sized companies, with a view to increasing their participation in the programme.
Danmarks Forsknings- og Innovationspolitiske Råd er ved at kortlægge barrierer for øget mobilitet mellem sektorer. 
The Danish Council for Research and Innovation Policy is currently surveying the barriers to increased inter-sectorial mobility.
Kortlægningen vil munde ud i en række anbefalinger til både centrale og decentrale aktører, som vil blive præsenteret i 2016. 
The survey will result in a number of recommendations for central as well as decentralised actors to be presented in 2016.
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet vil i 2016 lave en undersøgelse af effekterne af det øgede ph.d.-optag, herunder en undersøgelse af internationalisering af ph.d-studerende. 
In 2016, the Ministry of Higher Education and Science will undertake a study of the effect of the increased PhD intake, including an analysis of the internationalisation of PhD students.